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STEPS IN DESIGNING A
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR
MICRO SUBJECTS
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PRESENTED BY
LIJA K JOHNNO: 15
MLISC SEM 1
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INTRODUCTION Classification is a logical separation Integration with whole of knowledge Scheme is influenced by the designer He is influenced by the intellectual
and social environment As Knowledge is dynamic, mapping of
knowledge is neither stable nor universally acceptable.
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ANALYTICO SYNTHETIC CLASSIFICATION
Indian Approach Designed and developed by Dr. S
R Ranganathan Provides models , tools and
techniques analysis of subjects into elemental structure
Synthesize ideas into a group appropriate to user needs
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COLON CLASSIFICATION Postulates are assumptions never
put to test PMEST Thoroughly faceted theory based
scheme Particular about the order of Main
class and the facets in Class Number
Postulates and principles for ordering classes in arrays and chains and facets in facet formula
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DIVISION OF KNOWLEDGE IN CC
Basic Subjects : Unitary Subjects eg : Law, Physics
Compound Subjects : BS with subdivisions or additional facets (infinite in nature) eg: Velocity of Light, Guitar Music
Complex subjects : Interdisciplinary Subjects eg: Psychology for Librarians
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CONTINUATION… Every document has a BS which forms
the first facet Universe of Knowledge according to
modes of formation of subject according to7th edition Main Basic Subject
Traditional {Law, Physics} Newly Emerging {Journalism, Library Science} Fused {Biochemistry} Distilled {Research Methodology} Clustering {Chandrayaan} Agglomerates {Social Sciences}
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CONTINUATION…
Non Main Basic Subject Canonical Classes {Algebra, Geometry} System Constituents {Marxian Economy} Environment Constituents {Space medicine} Special Constituents {Co-operative
Economy}
Sciences A – M Mysticism and Spiritual experience Δ Humanities N – S Social Sciences T - Z
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DEPTH CLASSIFICATION
Development began in 1953 For co extensiveness and
expressiveness Micro thoughts with many levels and
rounds of facets Micro subjects have small extension
and high intension Special Classification scheme
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METHODOLOGY ADOPTED IN CONSTRUCTING THE DEPTH CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE Selection of a Model Scheme
A scheme should be studied for a specific model
A theory based scheme is a better model
Freely faceted model is more versatile and helpful
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STEPS IN DESIGNING THE DEPTH SCHEDULE
Preliminary works Collection of Terms Sorting of terms Allocation of Notation Preparation of Indexes Finalizing the Schedule
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PRELIMINARY WORKS
Understanding of the Subject The structure and development of the
subject To select candidate terms and determining
the relationships between them Denotation of the terms in the subject Scope recognized by different authorities Its division and subdivisions
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CONTINUATION…
Sources used for studying the subjects Standard and general dictionaries & technical
glossaries (definition of the subject) Encyclopedia – general & specific (comprehensive
information, scope of the field) Representative textbooks (Reliable and educative
information) Classification Scheme – general & special
(Structured representation) Periodicals ,Review articles & journals (information
on research of the subject) Conference proceedings (nascent thoughts) Directory of institutions ( changing specialists in
research & development of the subject)
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CONTINUATION…
Identification of the user needs Understanding user approach
Schedule should satisfy the user’s browsing and retrieval needs
User characteristics should be identified Designer should specify
The user types Direct /Indirect user ,Discipline / mission oriented user Problem solvers /Decision makers, Learners
The type of use or problems The helpfulness or limitations of devices or aids adopted The interrelationship of classification schedule with other
information storage & retrieval devices in the system The ways of manipulating the structure of the class number
Knowledge of user behavior will enrich the schedule in performing the functions
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CONTINUATION…
Librarians Professional Approach Ease of classifying Capable to update new subjects Notation should be brief, simple, familiar and
expressive Minimum revision of notation of already
assigned class numbers Update schedule periodically Well defined procedure for classifying the
subject Balanced indexes to the schedule
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CONTINUATION…
Resources Needed Finance
Depends on the type and size of the organization Manpower
Information scientists / Librarians with subject knowledge
Subject specialists with knowledge of library and information
Semi-professional workers Typists , clerical staffs Programmers & system analyst for use of computers
for indexing
Number of staff depends on the size of the schedule and time allowed to develop it.
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COLLECTION OF TERMS
Analysis of data Selection of Candidate Terms
Relevancy of a concept or term Terms selected from the sources discussed
above will be standardized one Indicates the literary warrant for the term Select from dictionaries, glossaries, indexes,
classification schemes, thesaurus Facet analysis of articles in encyclopedia,
handbooks, periodical publications & textbooks
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CONTINUATION…
Criteria for choosing the term Relevancy of the term in the subject Formally accepted usage Terms in current usage Frequently used terms Anticipated terms in retrieval queries Terms emerging in literatureCombination of documentary sources, subject
specialists and librarians gives comprehensive collection
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CONTINUATION…
Analysis into facets and other components Correlate terms to other terms in subject Postulate of fundamental category is
applied Subject strings
Subject literature facet analyzed to subject strings
Appropriate fundamental categories & indicators are assigned
Separate serially numbered records for each analyzed article
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CONTINUATION…
Identifying the relationships Facet analysis is based on PMEST Nonhierarchical relations between terms are
identified Indicated by RT(related term) Cross reference like ‘see also‘ RT links are between
Speciator to speciator in facet Speciator to main isolate in facet Main isolates in different facets
Term’s Role in context of a subject is specified for sorting
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CONTINUATION…
Hierarchical relationship Relationship of super and subordination
concepts Cross-reference of BT(Broader term) and
NT (Narrower Term) Generic relation: Super-ordinated(generic) term
denotes class of concepts of which subordinated (specific) term is a member. Differ by at least 1 characteristic
Part-whole relation: Super-ordinated(whole) term denotes an object or concept of which the subordinated(part) term is part
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CONTINUATION…
Preferred term and standardization Inclusion of a term should satisfy certain
criteria Most understood by user Current terms rather than superseded terms
One term is used & other kept as lead in terms(indicated by U & UF- use for)
Should avoid confusion at role determining & sorting stage
Scope notes are given Meaning not clear Meaning different for different people (eg Charge) Exercise control over usage of a term
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CONTINUATION…
Singular terms are preferred for isolate ideasType of form Use singular form Use plural form
1 Material terms When term is specific When term is generic
2 Terms representing Properties, Conditions,
Characteristics
When term is specific When term is generic
3 Class of term Don’t use singular Use plural eg: Solids, Liquids
4 Process term Use singular Don’t use plural
5 Proper noun Use Singular Don’t use plural
6 Disciplines, fields and
subject areas
Use singular Don’t use plural
7 Events or occurrences
Don’t use singular Use plural
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RECORDING OF TERM PROFILENo
Term profile
1 Serial Number Serially numbered using Indo Arabic numerals
2 Reference Accession number of the source
3 Term Term in the form found in literature
4 Note Term with role is entered
5 Context Context in which the term is used
6 Definition Selected from the source
7 Source of definition
Source of definition is recorded
8 Role Appropriate PMEST manifestation is recorded
9 Broader term Various BTs are entered with the source
10 Narrower term Various NTs are entered with the source
11 Related term RTs from thesaurus and subject strings are entered
12 Synonym Synonyms, quasi synonyms, antonyms are entered
13 Standard/ preferred term
Preferred term as per the criteria is entered here
14 Recorded by Name of the classifier is entered
15 Checked by Classifier / subject expert who cross-check the entry is recorded
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SORTING OF TERMS Term profiles are scrutinized Relevancy of the terms for host subject is
examined Classificationist by experience have
judgment of relevancy Subject experts are approached when
needed Grouped into
Relevant(R) Relevant (doubtful)(RD) Non Relevant(NR)
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CONTINUATION…
Grouping by facets Relevant terms are sorted into following 7
groups according to the 4 and 7 columns of the term profile
Basic Subject facet Personality Matter Material Matter Property Energy Space Time
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CONTINUATION…
Formation of arrays and chains Step 1: Choose appropriate characteristics for
grouping , using Canons of Characteristics Step 2: Sequence of characteristics is
determined by Canons of succession of characteristics, wall-picture principle and its corollaries
Step3: Canons of exclusiveness and exhaustiveness are checked. Principle of Helpful sequence is used to arrange the facets in a helpful manner to majority of the users
Schedules of model schemes are studied for arranging the isolates
Draft schedule in Idea plane is thus prepared
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ALLOCATION OF NOTATION
Assign numbers in notational plane Canons of Notational Plane
Basic Canons Mnemonics Hospitality
Notations should be Capable of providing unique class numbers Able to coextensively represent every component idea Able to provide infinite hospitality Able to provide provision for devices Brevity and economy should be respected
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BASE TO THE NOTATIONAL SYSTEM
CC is the model scheme Notational base similar to CC
Roman Smalls Indo Arabic Numerals Roman Capitals
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PREPARATION OF INDEXES
An alphabetical Index is to be created Isolate ideas are listed with the
fundamental category and index number
Synonyms and antonyms are also included
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COMPLETING THE SCHEDULE
Pilot tests are conducted with classifiers and target users of the schedule.
Schedule is completed with A Preface Importance and scope of depth schedule Guidance to the classifier Worked out examples Bibliographical reference
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CONCLUSION
Depth classification schedule is a special classification scheme for Micro subjects
The major steps in designing a scheme for depth version is as follows Preliminary Work Collection of Terms Sorting of Terms Allocation of Notations Preparation of Indexes Completing the Schedule
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PROCEDURE FOR CLASSIFYING
Steps
Details
1 Identifying the expressive subject of the document
2 Identifying the substantive terms in the title
3 Identifying the roles of the substantive terms in the context of subject under consideration via (BS), (P), (M), (E), (S) & (T)
4 Rearranging the ideas according to the sequence of (BS), (P), (M), (E), (S) & (T). Levels and Rounds are determined by the Wall
Picture Principle. Qualifiers are arranged with respective (FC ) and between them with the help of Wall picture principle.
Similarly qualifiers of order 2 with the respective qualifiers of order 1.
5 The substantive terms may be checked to have the appropriate standard terms used in the schedule
6 Have the terms to represented by the respective numbers given in the schedule
7 The class number may be formed using the schedule and the indicator digits while synthesizing the notation
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REFERENCE
M A Gopinath(1986),Construction of Depth Version of Colon Classification: A manual, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern,
Shabahat Husain(2004), Library Classification: Facets and Analyses , New Delhi, B.R. Publishing Corporation
Dr S R Ranganathan (2006), Colon Classification, Bangalore, Sarada Ranganathan Endowment Trust
Dr S R Ranganathan & A Neelameghan, Depth Classification of a Bibliography, 1963, Bangalore, DRTC
Speciator based faceted depth classification’s application in
thesaurus construction Rajendra Kumbhar (Annals of Library and
Information Studies 53,l;2005 pg 15-24)
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