高三阅读理解指导之一

Chengyang No.1 Middle School

邵萍萍

体裁

主要有

记叙文

议论文

说明文

应用文

题材主要有 ------科普 经济 文化

社会 历史 地理 自然

环境 能源

题型特点

猜测词义

主旨大意

事实细节

推理判断

1.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.

2.You can take any of the periodicals: Readers Digest, The World of English, or English Learning.

3.We are on the night shift --- from midnight

to 8 a.m. --- this week.

一 . 定义或解释说明

定义或解释说明常由定语从句，破折号 / 冒号来表示或 is ， be called ， that is (to say), in other words ， be known as, be defined as 等词汇。

蚊子

杂志

夜班

1. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

2.The football player was penalized for his rudeness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.

3.In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

肥胖

非常贫穷

惩罚

二 . 根据同义词，反义词关系

1.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

2.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

肮脏的

节约的

三 . 对比 / 转折关系

表转折关系的词常有如 though,however,but, while, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, on the contrary 等。

1. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.

2. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

有弹性的

浑浊的

四 . 因果关系

常用关联词 ( 如 because ， so … that, such … thatso … that, such … thatas ， since ， for ， so ， thus ， as a result ， so, so, therefore 等 ) 表示前因后果。

His anti-slavery policy had set millions of black free and his strength and wisdom had guided the nation through the war to peace and reunion.

五 . 根据构词法

构词法

派生词（前缀 / 后缀）

合成词

转化

⑴Scientists are studying how birds ,for example, terns migrate.

⑵ Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, such as washing-machines, fridges and color TVs.

3.First of all the ingredients such as flour, sugar, fat and water, are put into a mixing machine. The mixture comes out of the mixing machine in the form of dough ( 面团 ) 。

一种鸟（燕鸥）

电器

通过一些例子说明生词的词义， 用 such as, for example, like, for instance 等来引出。

六 . 举例法

原料

When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthesiaanaesthesia to to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch aa ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.

麻药

波纹

七 . 生活常识

1.When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.

2. Intrigued, Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions, then decided that this would be his future.

八 . 根据上下文线索

生活常识

上下文

对比转折 因果

关系举例

同义词反义词

构词法定义

猜

How to guess the meaning of words?

  2005

全国一2005

全国三2006

全国一2006

全国二2007

全国一

推 理判断

9 7 6 7 7

高考推理判断全国卷题量

推断题常见的设问形式 :

1. The writer’s attitude toward is ______.2. The purpose in writing this text is to _______.3. From the passage we can conclude that

______.4. The passage is most likely to be taken

from______.5. Which of the following is true or false?6. Choose the right order of the following events

in____.

1. Over the years ,insurance companies have offered new kinds of insurance protection .The new kinds of insurance cover losses from accidents as car and phone crashes( 坠毁 ).Today ,most people have some kind of insurance.

2.Armstrong won the Tour de France in 1999.Since then he has won it every year---taking the crown for the sixth time last month and entering the record books as the first man to achieve such a feat.

一 . 细节判断

British newspaper are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry ,so newspaperman write as few words as possible .They tell their readers at once what happened ,where, when and how many people were killed ,what damage was done and so on . …Because he can use only a few words ,the newspapers must choose those words carefully ,every one must be effective .Instead of “he called out in a loud voice ” ， he writes ,“he shouted ”.Because many of the readers aren’t very clever ,and most of them are in a hurry…

二 . 因果推断

Another way is energy conservation( 节能 ),which means using energy more efficiently ( 有效的 ). In some very cold countries people build special houses to save energy. They place materials between the inside and the outside of the walls of the house to keep the cold out and the warmth in. The house is heated by the lights, the body heat of the people and the other equipment in it.

三 . 文章结构

      More and cleverer computers will continue to appear ． They will run faster ， have more functions and work much more skillfully ． They will take over more tasks from us ， helping to change the face of our world ． Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us ．       However ．．．

四 . 转折 / 对比

1. Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”

2.Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news ？All I read about is murder ， bribery （行贿）， and death ． Frankly ， I’m sick of all this bad news ．

五 . 根据提示词

推理判断

解题方法

细节判断

因果推断

文章结构

转折 / 对比

根据提示词

常识

Thank you very much.