Chapter 24

Changed the nature and impact of European overseas expansion ◦ No More:

Spices and Manufactured goods◦ 2 Things Europe now wanted:

1. Raw materials ( metals, oils, dyes, textiles)2. People to buy the goods This was how to justify colonization

Religion ◦ The state was no longer pushing for conversion

Industrialism changed so much

Tropical dependencies:◦ Africa, Asia, and South Pacific◦ Small number of Europeans to control a large

number of natives◦ Often comes about slowly

Settlement Colonies◦ Canada & Australia

Decedents of European settlers made up most of the population

◦ South Africa, Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia, New Zealand and Hawaii Combo Many thousands of Europeans settle there

2 different kinds of Imperialism

Slowly Manipulating the local tribes and groups to

fight with each Manipulate the situation so that you back

the winning side and you get rewarded with land

How to get power

Access to vast amounts of natural resources throughout the world

Advances in chemistry: explosives Mobile artillery Breech loading rifles Railroads Steam ships, iron hulls and cannons Resistance is futile

European Advantages

Imperialism in Java

Most populated island in Indonesia Dutch slowly took control of the smaller

Islands◦ Spices

Gradually the Dutch took the land by taking advantage of tribal rivalries ◦ Starts in 1600s and have control by 1830◦ Very different

Basics

Imperialism in India“The Crown Jewel of the British Colonies?

British East India Company◦ Very corrupt over time

The British “Raj”◦ British political establishment in India

The British were able to consolidate power slowly due to the infighting of the Indian Princes◦ No feeling of India nationalism ◦ It was hard to appeal to the defense of the

homeland

Basics

They were fighting on a global scale at this time

British won all but the Americas◦ (the French helped the US)◦ Wins the rest of India

The Sepoys were doing the fighting for this as well◦ The India people fought the battle for the

European Sounds like a good deal

British vs. French

Imperialism in Africa

Boers: Dutch people◦ Moved in 1600s ◦ Created two states in

the northern part of South Africa

The Dutch had been there for awhile and were not up on all the new things that have developed in Europe

British tried to colonize in 1800s

Boer Wars

1st Boer War (1880-1881)◦ “Great Trek” the Dutch

move to escape British rule Orange Free State Transvaal

British and Boers war with each other and the Bantu people aka Zulus

Boers dominate the British military: Guerilla Tactics

British give up and sign a peace treaty

2nd Boer War (1899-1902)

Gold discovered in Transvaal ◦ The British want it

Boers dominate at the beginning◦ Trench war, total war

Boers eventually lose because they are outnumbered

American soldiers volunteer for action in South Africa to fight with the Boers

Social Changes

The Europeans put themselves at the top of the social hierarchy no matter where they are

Realized they couldn’t live like they did in Europe◦ Housing◦ Dress◦ Food◦ Entertainment◦ relationships

In the beginning:

Started to see the culture of the colonized areas as inferior◦ Open disdain◦ White racial supremacy (laws)◦ Mental and moral superiority

If the natives inferior education and moral intellect were permanent than there is no reason to socialize with them◦ Reason for colonization

Later developments