Came to America for religious freedom Sailed on a ship called the Mayflower Founded the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 Signed the Mayflower Compact, to create order in the colony Came to N. America around 1628 for religious purposes. Settled on Massachusetts Bay near present-day Salem 1630 John Winthrop brought a second group of Puritan settlers to N. America. Elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Kept strict control over life in the colony Did not like people whose views were different from their own Roger Williams Minister who believed church should be separate from colonys government Anne Hutchinson Questioned the teachings of the church and held religious meetings in her home 1635 and 1637 expelled or forced out of the colony Both founded Rhode Island colony 1600s The Connecticut and New Hampshire colonies were also founded. Led to disputes between colonists and Native Americans over land Religion and Education Must attend church every Sunday or would be punished Lived by strict rules Encouraged people to work hard and to save School - VERY IMPORTANT to Puritans had to learn to read the Bible Harvard College was founded in 1636; later called Harvard University Lived, worked, and worshipped close together Had town meetings ONLY MALE CHURCH MEMBERS could vote Homes = 1 or 2 rooms One large room with a fireplace for cooking and heat Farming and Fishing Farming was difficult (rocky and thin soil), but possible. Raised dairy cows or sheep Shipbuilding became the leading industry. Fishing was an important industry. Cod, herring, mackerel A LOT OF FISH IN WATER Whales whale oil for lighting lamps Leaders in shipping and trading Could only trade with other English colonies or England and vice versa Goods sold (exported) = lumber, dried fish, whale oil, furs, and grain Goods bought (imported) spices and tea; shoes, clothing, tools, and paper Routes connected New England, England, the West Indies, and the west coast of Africa. Trade ships carrying goods and raw materials also carried enslaved people. Captured in Africa and sold to English colonists as workers Journey hard and rough; many died Journey = the Middle Passage Working Against Slavery Eventually workers in New England formed groups against slavery. England and other countries began settling in the Middle coloniesremember the DUTCH???? 1647 Peter Stuyvesant governor of New Netherland The Duke of York (England) seized control of New Netherland in 1664. New Netherland split into 2. New York Duke of York New Jersey controlled by John Berkeley and George Carteret Many Quakers travelled to New Jersey. Believed all were equal Refused to fight in wars or swear loyalty to any king Hoped to find a refuge or safe place to live and worship Government and Diversity William Penn was given a charter or approval to start a colony. Founded Pennsylvania and later became proprietor (owner) of Delaware Wanted to make his colonies different from others. Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Right to trial by jury - group of citizens decide the case African lived in this region some were free The Great Awakening A renewed interest in religion EVERYONE was welcome to take part in religious gatherings men, women, poor people, and slaves Tolerance of other peoples beliefs occurred Religion was a major part of social life in the Middle Colonies. Barn raising countryside. Dances, plays, and concerts city Philadelphia home of Benjamin Franklin Farming was big. Fertile soil and great climate Grew corn, wheat, and rye Crops for making bread = breadbasket colonies Farms and Ports Traded goods in market towns Shopped in general stores for goods not able to grow Merchants brought goods to port cities. New York and Philadelphia were the biggest Learned skills needed to be artisans Blacksmiths and carpenters Apprentice learned from a master artisan Women Jobs were in the home. Some women ran taverns, printing businesses, and silversmith shops. (usually if the husband died) Maryland Colony Founded by the Calverts, a wealthy English family Given a charter by King Charles I of England Place of refuge for Catholics Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) proprietor of Maryland MARYLANDVIRGINIA Founded in 1633 Near the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River Tobacco tobacco plantations developed Elected assemblies Controlled by the Calverts Accepted different religions Toleration Act freedom to Christians Founded in 1607 Near the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River Tobacco = cash crop Elected assemblies Controlled by the king Carolina 1663 Carolina was founded. Divided among the Lords Proprietors North Carolina and South Carolina North Carolina grew mostly tobacco and corn South Carolina wetter climate; grew rice Learned from enslaved people 1733 James Oglethorpe founded Georgia colony (Savannah) Colony for debtors people put into prison for owing money Like other Southern colonies economy grew as a result of plantations and the labor of enslaved Africans Settling the Backcountry Mid-1700s began settling in the backcountry beyond the hills and mountains Set up small farms Conflicts between Native Americans and colonist continued. In some instances, Native Americans were captured and sent to work on sugarcane plantations in the West Indies. Others died fighting or died from European diseases. Slavery and Society Slavery became legal in all 13 colonies mid- 1700s Enslaved Africans Worked on plantations Treated horribly Laws did not protect them Could not carry weapons Could not learn to read and write Could not speak out, but tried to resist or work against the system work slowly, break tools, etc. Very few escaped or were set free The economy depended on cash crops Farm Life Plantations looked like small villages. Southern port cities centers of government and culture The wealthy enjoyed plays and concerts. First College of the South College of William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Plantations were pretty much self-sufficient. Maryland, Virginia, and N. Carolina tobacco = cash crop S. Carolina and Georgia rice = cash crop S. Carolina indigo plant (made a blue dye) cash crop by the 1740s. Southern colonies built sawmills made naval stores Shipbuilding Baltimore was known for the Baltimore clipper one of the fastest sailing ships