指導老師:任維廉 教授 學生:科管碩一 邱弘懿 Business Research Requests &...
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Transcript of 指導老師:任維廉 教授 學生:科管碩一 邱弘懿 Business Research Requests &...
指導老師:任維廉 教授學生:科管碩一 邱弘懿
Business Research Requests & Proposals
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自我介紹邱弘懿
學歷政治大學資訊管理學系畢業交通大學科技管理所碩一
工作經驗中華民國對外貿易發展協會展覽業務處科定企業股份有限公司
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出處 : Business Research Methods, McGraw.Hill
AuthorDonald R. Cooper
Florida Atlantic University-Boca Raton
Pamela S. SchindlerWittenberg University
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Outline
Proposing ResearchThe Request for Proposal (RFP)The Research ProposalEvaluating the Research Proposal
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Proposing Research
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Proposing ResearchProposal process(Exhibit a-1)
Request for Proposal (RFP) & Research ProposalInternal Research & External Research
The more inexperienced a researcher is, the more important it is to have a well-planned and adequately documented proposal.
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Exhibit a-1 The Research Proposal Process
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The Request for Proposal (RFP)
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RFP Development Process
Create the RFP (information requirements)• Proposal Administration• Summary Statement of the Problem• Technical Section• Management Section• Contracts and License Section• Pricing Section
Qualify potential suppliersCriteria: industry experience, reputation, quality of previous work, strategic alliances etc.
Define the problemInternal experts + External experts(optional) E.g., Tourism study
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Qualify Potential Suppliers
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RFP Development Process
Create the RFP (information requirements)• Proposal Administration• Summary Statement of the Problem• Technical Section• Management Section• Contracts and License Section• Pricing Section
Qualify potential suppliersCriteria: industry experience, reputation, quality of previous work, strategic alliances etc.
Define the problemInternal experts + External experts(optional) E.g., Tourism study
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Proposal AdministrationAn overview of important information Dates of the RFP process
When the RFP is released, when the RFP team is available for questions, the date the proposal is expected, the dates of the evaluation and suppliers selections
Requirements for preparing the proposal and describe how the proposal will be evaluated
Contact information
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Summary Statement of the ProblemTake the form of a letter introducing the organization and
its needsCan be an abstract or the first page of the technical
sectionExample:
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Technical SectionBuilding quality control strengthens the project.Problem statementDescription of functional requirements
What actual phases will be included in the researchNeither too specific nor too general
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Management SectionSponsor’s management
Timing on schedules, plans, reportsRequirements to suppliers
Implementation schedule, training and reporting schedule, quality control and other documentation (e.g., supplier qualification, references, etc.)
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Contracts and License SectionThe RFP is a part of final contract and thus should be
worded precisely to avoid interpretation problems.Contracts
A sample purchase contract Non-disclosure agreements
E.g., firm’s strategies, tactics, solutions to challengesOthers
Safeguarding of IP and the use of copyrights Terms of payment
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Pricing SectionList all anticipated activities to help sponsors compare and
suppliers to cost the proposal.Ethical standards are integral to designing this section.Example:
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RFP Format
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Recap and More in RFP Development ProcessQualify potential suppliersWrite and distribute RFP 8-10 weeks before the requested
dateBe available to answer questions or hold a pre-bidding
conferenceEvaluate submissions on known criteriaAward contracts and start the project on published datesProvide a critique to all suppliers
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The Research Proposal
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The Research ProposalThe purposes:
Present the management question and relate its importanceDiscuss the research efforts of others beforeHow necessary data are gathered, treated, and interpreted.
A winning proposal:PlanServicesCredentials
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Sponsor Uses
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Through iterative discussions, sponsors may discover the interpretation of the problem doesn't encompass all the original symptoms
Researcher BenefitsMake cost estimation more accurateHelp plan and review the project’s logical stepsMonitor the progress Outline for the final report
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Types of Research Proposals
In public sector, the complexity is generally greater. 24
>Exhibit a-4 Proposal Complexity
• Sometimes more or less than what’s shown here is appropriate for a purpose. E.g., Glossary
• External Research• Solicited• Unsolicited
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Executive SummaryAllow one to quickly understand the thrust = informative
abstractSolicited version
Brief statement of management dilemma and management question
Research objectives/ research questionsBenefits of your approach
Unsolicited versionBrief description of you qualification
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Problem StatementState the management dilemma, background,
consequences and the resulting management question( and the importance of a solution)Restrictions or areas of the management question that will not
be addressedManagement question
Shouldn’t be broadly definedDistinguish the primary problem from related problems clearly
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Research ObjectivesAddress the purpose of the investigation and how the
proposed research is plannedthe basis for judging the proposal and final report
In descriptive study: research question investigative question
In causal study: hypothesis
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Literature ReviewExamine the recent(or historically important) research
studies, company data, or industry reports that act as the basis for the study.
May go beyond scrutinizing the past studies to examine the accuracy, credibility, and appropriateness of early studies.
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Importance/ Benefits of the StudyDescribe explicit benefits that will accrue from the study
and the importance of “doing the study now” should be emphasized
Especially important to the unsolicited external proposal
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Research DesignDescribe what you’re going to do in technical terms
E.g., sample selection and size, data collection method, etc.Include as many subsections as needed to show the
phases of the projectWhen more than one methods exists, discuss the reason
for selection and rejection
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Data AnalysisDescribe the proposed handling of the data and the
theoretical basis for using selected techniques. For large-scale contract research this section is appropriate
whereas for smaller projects, it is usually included in research design section.
Suggested to apply sample charts and tables featuring “dummy data”
A field expert to review the latest available techniques
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Nature and Form of ResultsSpecify the types of data to be obtained and the
interpretations that will be made in the analysis.E.g., statistical conclusions, applied findings, action plans,
recommendations
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Qualifications of ResearchersBegin with the principal investigator and then similar
information on all participants.Professional research competence( relevant research
experience. The highest academic degree held, and memberships in business and technical societies)
Relevant management experienceOptionally include the profile of subcontractors for offering
specific resources or facilities such as focus groups and interviews.
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BudgetDetails vary depending on both the sponsor’s and research
company’s requirements and policy.Internal: employee and overhead costExternal: person-hour priceDon’t forget to put in the cost of proposal writing,
publication and delivery of final report.
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ScheduleInclude major phases, timetables and the milestones.
Major phases: (1) exploratory interviews, (2) final research proposal, (3) questionnaire revision, (4) field interviews, (5) editing and coding, (6) data analysis, (7) report generation
Chart your timetable by using Gantt chart or Critical Path Method (CPM) if the project is large and complex
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Facilities and Special ResourcesShould be carefully listed and thus be cost in the budget
sectionE.g., proposed data analysis may require a sophisticated
computer algorithm
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Project ManagementShow the sponsor the research team is organized in a way
to do the project efficiently.A master plan(charts or tables) is required for complex
projectsThe research team’s organizationManagement procedures and controls for executing the
research planExamples of management and technical reportsThe research team’s relationship with the sponsorFinancial and legal responsibilityManagement competence
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BibliographyFor projects that require a literature review and use the
format required by the sponsor or standard style manual if not specified.
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AppendicesGlossary
Terms and definitions as well as acronyms. E.g., CATI Measurement Instrument
Include samples if available in large projects.Other
Any detail that reinforces the body of the proposal. E.g., CV and firm profiles
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Evaluating The Research Proposal
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Evaluating the Research ProposalFormal Reviews and Informal ReviewsFormal review is likely to be used for competitive
government, university, or public sector projects, and also for large-scale projects. The review process includes:Development of review criteria, using RFP guidelineAssignment of points to each criterion, using a universal scale.Assignment of a weight for each criterion, based on the
importance.Generation of a cumulative score for each proposal.
Informal review doesn’t use a system of points and is more qualitative and impressionistic.
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Evaluating the Research Proposal(Cont.)
Other factors:NeatnessOrganization in terms of being both logical and easily understoodCompleteness in fulfilling the RFP’s specifications, including
budget and scheduleAppropriateness of writing styleSubmission within the RFP’s timeline
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The EndThank you for listening
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