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Introduction toWeather and Climate


Why do geographers study the weather?

What is the difference between 'weather' and 'climate‘?

European climate – a decision-making exercise

Climate graphs

What is the water cycle?

What is precipitation?

Why does it rain?

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The weather has an impact on many of the things that we do! Can you explain how the weather affects these people?

Why do geographers study the weather?


Why do geographers study the weather?What is the difference between 'weather' and 'climate'?European climate – a decision-making exerciseClimate graphsWhat is the water cycle?What is precipitation?Why does it rain?

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Weather is the day to day changes in the atmosphere.

temperature precipitation

wind speed

wind direction cloud cover

humidity

air pressure sunshine

What is the difference between weather and climate?


Climate is the overall pattern of weather, usually based on an average over 30 years.

Click on the buttons to find out about these types of climate.

What is the difference between weather and climate?


The types of climate can be classified into 6 major zones.

World climate zones


What climate zone do you live in?

What other climate zones have you visited?

World climate zones


Imagine that you are a tour operator. Decide which of these pieces of advice you would give to people depending on which climate zone they are planning to visit!

World climate zones


Why do geographers study the weather?What is the difference between 'weather' and 'climate'?European climate – a decision-making exerciseClimate graphsWhat is the water cycle?What is precipitation?Why does it rain?

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Climate graphs are a way of showing how temperature and precipitation vary throughout the year for a particular place.

Climate graphs


How to construct a climate graph…


2. Work out the right scale for each axis (look at your highest temperature and rainfall figures).

1. Draw and label the axes (remember you need two names for the y axis – ‘temperature’ and ‘rainfall’ ).

3. Draw the graph using bars for rainfall and a line for temperature. Remember to plot the temperature points in the middle of the months on the x axis.

How to construct a climate graph…


Month Jan Fe Ma Apr Ma Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall (mm)

54 40 37 37 46 45 57 59 49 57 64 48

Temp

(0C)

4 5 7 9 12 16 18 17 15 11 8 5

London (Kew)

Use this data to draw a climate graph for London.

How does it compare to this climate graph of London?

Using data from an atlas draw a climate graph for another place, in the UK or somewhere else in the world.

Plot your own climate graph


UK - interactive climate graph


Climates across the world


Climate can make a big difference to people’s holidays.

European climate


Anna, the travel agent at Travelstaris having to deal with a difficult customer. Mr Strattle is very keento go away on a city break in Europe.

However, Mr Strattle is very fussyabout things, especially the weather.He does not want to travel to travelanywhere where it might be cold and hereally dislikes rain when he is on holiday.

European climate


the holiday must take place in October.

he doesn’t want to visit a city where there will be a high risk of rainfall.

he wants to visit a city with a reasonable temperature–not too cold.

Mr Strattle has narrowed his choices down to four differentcities. Can you help Anna find a suitable destination for him?

Mr Strattle has decided that:

European climate


European climate


At first Anna looks at London.However there is quite a lotof rain in London during October.

Next Anna looks at Oslo. However,Oslo has even more rain than London.

Warsaw does not seem to have much rain in October,but the temperature might be too cold for Mr Strattle.

Eventually Anna finds a city that has a warm averagetemperature in October and does not have toomuch rainfall. Did you reach the same answer? Madrid

European climate


Why do geographers study the weather?What is the difference between 'weather' and 'climate‘?European climate – a decision-making exerciseClimate graphsWhat is the water cycle?What is precipitation?Why does it rain?

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70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.

Store %Oceans and seas 97

Snow and ice (mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic) 2

In the atmosphere or on the land as rivers and lakes

1

Water is neither created nor destroyed. It is cycled round over and over again.

This recycling of water is called the water cycle.

Draw a graph to show where the Earth’s water is stored.

The water cycle


The water cycle


The water cycle in more detail


The water cycle – definitions



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Precipitation is water from the atmosphere. It can be in solid or liquid form.

Name as many different types of precipitation as you can!

What is precipitation?



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There are three main types of rainfall – relief, convectional and frontal.

In all three situations, rainfall occurs because air rises. Air contains water vapour and as the air rises it cools and condensation can occur. This means that the water vapour returns back into minute droplets of water and falls as rain!

Why does it rain?


Convectional rain


Relief rain


Frontal rain


Forecasts/climatic data

www.worldclimate.comwww.worldweather.orghttp://www.met-office.gov.uk/

Hurricane Andrew 1992

Internet links


Weather and Climate Bingo!


Geographers study the weather because it has an impact on people’s daily lives and the activities that they do.Weather is the day to day changes in the atmosphere.Climate is the overall pattern of weather, usually based on an average over 30 years.The British Isles has a temperate climate. This means that it is not too hot, not too cold, not too dry and not too wet!Water is neither created nor destroyed. It is cycled round over and over again. This recycling of water is called the water cycle.Precipitation is water from the atmosphere. It can be in solid or liquid form. There are three main types of rainfall – relief, convectional and frontal. In all three situations, rainfall occurs because air is forced to rise.

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