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Transcript of < BackNext >PreviewMain The Rock Cycle Chapter 4 Key PointsNotes What is a rock? Composition...
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The Rock CycleChapter 4
Key Points Notes
What is a rock?
Composition
Texture
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A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter.
The Rock Cycle
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Composition is the chemical makeup of a rock. Composition can describe either the minerals or
other materials in the rock.
The Rock Cycle
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Texture based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains (___________).MINERALS
The Rock Cycle
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
How are metamorphic rocks
formed?
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As rocks undergo metamorphism, original minerals in a rock change into new minerals that are more stable within the new pressure and temperature conditions.
Metamorphic Rock Formation
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
Where do metamorphic rocks
form?
Inside Earth’s crust
(some closer to the surface, some much deeper)
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Create one diagram to explain contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism
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Index minerals are used to estimate the temperature, depth, and pressure at which a rock
undergoes metamorphism in Earth’s crust.
Metamorphic Rock Formation
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
Special identifying characteristics of
metamorphic rocks
• Lines of stretched minerals• Specific index minerals
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
2 types of metamorphic rocks
• FOLIATED: Due to pressure, grains (minerals) have been stretched into bands
•NONFOLIATED: Grains (minerals) are randomly placed throughout rock
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Identifying Characteristics(how do you know it’s metamorphic?)
Foliated or Nonfoliated
Name of Metamorphic
Rock
Detailed Illustration
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Metamorphic Rock Identification
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DO NOW
1) Open your textbook to the igneous rock section
2) Get out your rock cycle notes3) Clear everything else off your
desk
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
How are igneous rocks formed?
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Igneous Rock Formation
Igneous rock forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and solidifies. There are three ways magma can form:
1. When rock is heated
2. When pressure is released
3. When rock changes composition
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
Where do igneous rocks form?
In a volcano or outside a volcano
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
What are the 2 types of igneous rock?
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Igneous Rock Formation
• When magma intrudes, or pushes, into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and cools, the rock that forms is called intrusive igneous rock.
• Intrusive igneous rock has a coarse-grained texture because it is well insulated by surrounding rocks and cools very slowly.
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Igneous Rock Formation
• Igneous rock that forms from magma that erupts, or extrudes, on the Earth’s surface is called extrusive igneous rock.
• Extrusive igneous rock, commonly found around volcanoes, cools quickly on the surface and contains very small crystals or no crystals.
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Igneous Rock Formation
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Igneous Rock Formation
•Sometimes, an igneous rock can be both fine and course-grained. These rocks are called porphyritic.
How do you suppose porphyritic rocks are
formed?
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
Special identifying characteristics of
igneous rocks
•Found near a volcano•Visible course-grained minerals that are not foliated (stretched)•Found in a lava flow•Very shiny (teeny-tiny fine-grained minerals)•Vesicles•Glassy•Some tend to be lighter
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points Notes
2 types of colors • Light-colored FELSIC rocks are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium.
• Dark-colored MAFIC rocks are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium.
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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?(composition, location)
Mafic, Fine-grained, Extrusive
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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?(Composition, location)
Felsic, Course-grained, Intrusive
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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?(Composition, location)
Felsic, Fine-grained, Extrusive
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Igneous Rock Identification
Identifying Characteristics
(how do you know it’s igneous?)
Intrusive or Extrusive?
Name of Igneous Rock
Detailed Illustration
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