© Arthrell 2000

A slide show to accompany the study of poetry in Mrs. Arthrell’s classes at

Woodland Hills High School

IMPORTANT!

Take notes on the terms and definitions that you see in this slide show!

Not only will the notes be useful in every part of our poetry study, but you’ll also get a grade on your notes

Question:

What if your teacher told you that you were going to have a test on September 31st?

Or April 31st, June 31st, November 31st, or February 29th?

Why shouldn’t you be worried?

For many people, the answer is found in this POEM ……

30 days hath September,

April, June and November,

All the rest have 31

Except February alone,

Which has 28 in fine,

And each leap year 29.

There is no 31st of September!

POETRY IS ALL AROUND US!

That was just to show you in a very small way that poetry is more a part of your life than you might think!

You may be thinking, “Oh yuk!I HATE poetry!”

Hmmm…why?

Reasons to HATE poetry:

It DOES or DOESN’T rhymeIt’s too hard to understandIt’s about weird or stupid things“We have to do it”It uses really weird languageIt’s irrelevant - it’s not about anything I

really care about

Here’s a poem that:

sort of rhymesuses no hard words is really easy to understand is or was really popular is about something you all know and care

aboutpeople actually paid to hear

I Want to Hold Your Hand by John Lennon & Paul McCartney

Oh, yeah, I’ll tell you something

I think you’ll understand

When I say that something,

I wanna hold your hand,

I wanna hold your hand,

I wanna hold your hand

Oh please say to me

You’ll let me be your man.

And please say to me,

You’ll let me hold your hand,

Now let me hold your hand,

I wanna hold your hand.

(“Bridge”)

And when I touch you I feel happy inside,

It’s such a feeling that my love I can’t hide,

I can’t hide, I can’t hide.

Yeah you got that something,

I think you’ll understand,

When I say that something, I wanna hold your hand,

I wanna hold your hand,I wanna hold your hand.

(Repea t Bridge)

Yeah you got that something,

I think you’ll understand,

When I feel that something, I wanna hold your hand,

I wanna hold your hand, I wanna hold your hand.

That’s an old Beatles song! My

parents listened to that!

Yes, it is. But it’s also a POEM, just like the music you

listen to today. Hopefully, we can look at some of that poetry. So

let’s get started!

That is soo old! Like

1963!

                                                                 

No, Dude – your grandparents!

Before we start…A few thoughts on

READING A POEM

(Well, actually five thoughts)

READING A POEMWhenever possible, read a poem out loud at least

once.. Try to HEAR the

poem with your ears

And UNDERSTAND

it in your mind

And FEEL it in your heart

#1

#2READING A POEM

Stop briefly at semicolons or after periods. Pause at commas, Look for sudden shifts in thoughts - after dashes If a line doesn’t end with punctuation, don’t make

a full stop. Pause briefly and continue to the end of a sentence

Pay attention to PUNCTUATION

#3READING A POEM

Read in a normal voice as if you were speaking to a

friend. Don’t ruin the music of the poem by

using a “sing song” voice.

#4Investigate rhetoric in which you

are ineffective in perception.

HUH?

READING A POEM

Poetry uses few words, so every word counts

Look up words you don’t understand.

#5AFTER YOU HAVE READ THE

POEM ONCE….

READING A POEM

Examine images sounds emotions ideas

READ IT AGAIN!

And again, and again, if you have to….

What is Poetry?

““Painting Painting with with Words”Words”A way of putting feelings into

special combinations of words

Poetry and the ORAL TRADITION

The first poems were songs about the things that were important to the community – a hero in battle, an honored goddess, a family history, and so on.

Perhaps a singer would travel from place to place carrying the stories across communities.

This was before the invention of writing, so these songs were passed from person to person by word of mouth – the oral tradition.

Over time, the tunes to the songs were lost, and the poems remained.

IMAGERY

© Arthrell 2000

IMAGES (a.k.a imagery)

sensory details - language that appeals to any one of the five senses

Sight

Smell

Touch

Sound

Taste

Pictures created by using Sensory Details.

Sensory Details in Action

Here’s a recent song with lots of examples of sensory details

On the slide after that, I’ve tried to highlight the sensory details

On the next slide, I’ve taken away the sensory details – what would the song be then?

Kiss Me by Matt Slocum recorded by Sixpence None the Richer

Kiss me out of the bearded barley.Nightly, beside the green, green grass.Swing, swing, swing the spinning step.You wear those shoes and I will wear that dress.  Oh, kiss me beneath the milky twilight.Lead me out on the moonlit floor.Lift your open hand.Strike up the band and make the fireflies dance,Silver moon's sparkling.So kiss me.

Kiss me down by the broken tree house.Swing me upon its hanging tire.Bring, bring, bring your flowered hat.We'll take the trail marked on your father's map.

Kiss Me Matt Slocum

Kiss me out of the bearded barley.Nightly, beside the green, green grass.Swing, swing, swing the spinning step.You wear those shoes and I will wear that dress.  Oh, kiss me beneath the milky twilight.Lead me out on the moonlit floor.Lift your open hand.Strike up the band and make the fireflies dance,Silver moon's sparkling.So kiss me.

Kiss me down by the broken tree house.Swing me upon its hanging tire.Bring, bring, bring your flowered hat.We'll take the trail marked on your father's map.

Kiss Me Matt Slocum

Kiss me bearded barleyNightly the green, green grass.Swing me swing, swing the spinning stepYou wear those shoes and I will wear that dress.  Oh, kiss me beneath the milky twilightLead me moonlit floorLift your open handStrike up the band and make the fireflies danceSilver moonSo kiss me.

Kiss me Swing me Bring your hat.We'll take the trail

Pretty boring, huh?

You get the idea – look for IMAGERY in poetry!

Language that appeals to the 5 senses:

1. Sight

2. Sound

3. Smell

4. Taste

5. Touch

A tourist came in from Orbitville, parked in the air, and said:

The creatures of this star are made of metal and glass.

Through the transparent parts you can see their guts.

Their feet are round and rollon diagrams or long

measuring tapes, dark with white lines.

They have four eyes. The two in back are red.

Sometimes you can see a five-eyed one, with a red eye turning

Southbound On The Freeway By May Swenson

on the top of his head. He must be special–

the others respect him and go slow

when he passes, winding among them from behind.

They all hiss as they glide, like inches, down the marked

tapes. Those soft shapes, shadowy inside

the hard bodies--are they their guts or their brains?

ART LECTURE by Nan Neugebauer

This massive canvas, white on white, most famous in the show,Represents a pure white sheep running through the snow.The snow is deep, and hides the sheep, he may be anywhere.One feels him more intensely just to sense his presence there.You’re now esthetically involved, the challenge has begun.If you were a pure white sheep, which way would you run?

Is that a sky obscured by flakes in solid, soundless sound?Are there woods and roads and lakes on that snow-mantled ground?Perhaps you can see a frosted earth as witnessed from the sky.The artist’s creativity can make your mind an eye.

This brilliant masterpiece, acclaimed by artists all and scholars,Was purchased with museum funds for twenty million dollars.Oh what a priceless legacy, what exquisite delight,Is Gufi’s Scene in White on White on White on White on White.

Writing a Poem using Imagery

Cinquain DiamanteHaiku

CINQUAINS

CINQUAINS Cinquains are poetry forms

containing five lines. The word "cinquain" comes from the French word for "five" - "cinq."

Here are two different ways to write cinquains.

5

Cinquains by Word Count

This is the easiest type of cinquain to write. Follow the form below to use the exact number of words for each line.

number of words 1 - 1. Write a noun. 2 - 2. Write 2 adjectives that describe the noun OR 2 words that further describe your noun 3 - 3. Write 3 verbs that tell what the noun in the

first line does 4- 4. Write a 4-word thought about your noun. 1- 5. Write a synonym or similar word for the noun OR one word that describes the noun

School, Prom

Noisy, fun, Glittery, fancy

Read, write, compute. Dance, dance, dance

My friends are there I want to go

Woodyhigh Special

Kittens Baseball

Baby cats National Pastime

Play, purr, sleep Hitting, running, sliding

A frolicking little demon I hate right field

Adorable Summer

Cinquains by Syllable

This is a little more advanced. These cinquains still have five lines, but each line now has a specific number of syllables required. 

You can choose any subject and ideas, but they must stay in the syllable count.

It is usually written in an iambic meter, with the stresses on every other syllable beginning with the second syllable in each line (da-DUM). The example is iambic.

Cinquains by Syllablenumber of syllables 2 - 1. Two

syllables. 4 - 2. Four

syllables 6 - 3. Six

syllables. 8 - 4. Eight

syllables. 2 - 5. Two

syllables.

Triad     by Adelaide Crapsey     

These beThree silent things:The falling snow . . . the hourBefore the dawn . . . the mouth of

oneJust dead.              

(P.S. "tri" meads "three." A triad is three things together.)

DIAMANTE

The diamante is fun and easy to write. The purpose is to go from the subject at the top of the diamond to another totally different (and sometimes opposite) subject at the bottom. The name of this poem comes from an Italian word meaning "diamond shaped.

DIAMANTE

DIAMANTEStructure:

line 1 - 1 noun (subject #1)line 2 - 2 adjectives (describing subject #1)line 3 - 3 action words (ending in -ing,

telling about subject #1)*line 4 - 4 nouns (1st 2 - related to subject #1,

2nd 2 - related to subject #2)line 5 – 3 action words (ending in -ing,

telling about subject #2)line 6 – 2 adjectives (describing subject #2)line 7 - 1 noun (subject #2)

SIMILES AND METAPHORS

FIGURES of SPEECHA word or phrase that describes one thing in terms

of anotherNot meant to be taken as literally trueAlways involves an imaginative comparison between

two things that don’t seem to be alike

There are MANY figures of speech. For example...

SOME FIGURES OF SPEECHthat we use in general speaking

“keep your nose to the grindstone”

Shoot the bunny

Reach for the stars

“Catch some Z’s”

Drop a dime

Give someone a hand

Rain cats and dogs

“You made your bed – now lie in it!”

That shirt costs an arm and a leg”

Don’t have a cow, man!

She’s the cat’s pajamas! (1920’s)

compares two unlike objects using the words “like,” “as”, “than,” or “ resembles.”

“He runs as fast as a deer.””She’s like the wind through my tree.” - Patrick Swayze

“His eyes flashed in anger like a railroad crossing signal.”

“Slower than molasses in January.”

“ The children in the playground bumped into each other like leaves in a gust of Autumn wind”

SIMILE

a comparison of two unlike things - WITHOUT using the words "like," “as, etc.-

one thing becomes another thing

METAPHOR

“She’s a brick and I’m drowning slowly.”

“The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas.” “All the world’s a stage,And all the men and women merely players.”

As You Like It, William Shakespeare

Paul Revere’s Ride, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Brick, Ben Folds of Ben Folds Five

More on METAPHOR

Direct metaphor –directly compares two unlike things (one thing is another)

Implied metaphor – implies or suggests the comparison between the two things

Extended metaphor – a metaphor that is extended or developed over several lines of writing,or even the entire poem.

PERSNIFICATIN Giving human qualities to something that is

not human“My car, Betty.”

Hey diddle, diddle, the cat and the fiddle,

The cow jumped over the moon!

The little dog laughed to see such sport.

And the dish ran away with the spoon!One of the first examples of personification you ever learned!

Dreams Langston Hughes

Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly. 

Hold fast to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow.

Harlem (A Dream Deferred) -- Langston Hughes

What happens to a dream deferred?

Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore—And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over– like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagslike a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

The Eagle-- Alfred Lord Tennyson

He clasps the crag with crooked hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands,

Ring'd with the azure world, he stands.

 

The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;

He watches from his mountain walls,

And like a thunderbolt he falls.

 

Trees - Joyce Kilmer

 I think that I shall never see

A poem lovely as a tree.  A tree whose hungry mouth is prestAgainst the sweet earth's flowing breast;  A tree that looks at God all day,And lifts her leafy arms to pray;  A tree that may in summer wearA nest of robins in her hair;  Upon whose bosom snow has lain;Who intimately lives with rain.  Poems are made by fools like me,But only God can make a tree. 

“Alcohol” Brad PaisleyI can make anybody pretty.

I can make you believe any lie.I can make you pick a fight with somebody twice your size.Well, I’ve been known to cause a few break-ups,An' I’ve been known to cause a few births.Well, I can make you new friends, or get you fired from work.

And since the day I left Milwaukee, Lynchburg an' Bordeaux, France, Been making the bars lots of big money,An' helpin' white people dance.I got you in trouble in High School, But College, now that was a ball. You had some of the best times you’ll never remember with me:

Alcohol; Alcohol.

I got blamed at your wedding reception,For your best man’s embarrassing speech.And also for those naked pictures of you at the beach.I’ve influenced Kings and world leaders,I helped Hemingway write like he did.And I’ll bet you a drink or two, that I can make you put that lampshade on your head.

‘Cause since the day I left Milwaukee,Lynchburg and Bordeaux, France,I been making a fool out of folks just like you,An' helping white people dance.I am medicine and I am poison,I can help you up or make you fall.You had some of the best times you’ll never remember with me:Alcohol.

Personification – What is the Title?

THE MOON'S THE NORTH WIND'S COOKY

(WHAT THE LITTLE GIRL SAID )-- Vachel Lindsay The Moon's the North Wind's cooky.

He bites it, day by dayUntil there's but a rim of scraps,That crumble all away.

The South Wind is a baker.She kneads clouds in her den,And bakes a crisp new moonthat ... greedyNorth ... Wind... eats ... again !

The Sounds of Poetry:

Rhythm

RHYTHM

More specifically:A musical quality made by the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables or by repeating certain sound patterns

Stressed - ' Unstressed -

' ''

'

'

I pledge allegiance to the flag of the

United States of America ''

Rhythm in the spoken word:

Rhythm in a Song ' - stressed - unstressed

As I walk through the valley of the

shadow of death

I take a look at my life and realize

there’s nothing left

' '

' '

' ' '

' '

- from “Gangsta’a Paradise,” Coolio

Or, if you were repeating the pattern in a SPOKEN way…(and giving an extra oomph in your voice in the DUM’s)

DUM - stressed da - unstressed

As I walk through the valley of the

shadow of death

I take a look at my life and realize

there’s nothing left

da da DUM da da DUM da da da

DUM da da DUM

da da da da da da da da

da da

DUM DUM DUM

DUM DUM

repetition - to repeat something

repetition of a line or words can give emphasis to those ideas

repetition of a line or words can give emphasis to those ideas

Add it together:

Rhythm + Repetition = Meter

Rhythm (a pattern of stressed & unstressed syllables)

+ Repetition (repeating the pattern) .

Meter - Repeating a pattern of stressed & unstressed syllables

METER

A REGULAR PATTERN of stressed and unstressed syllables

The important thing to note there is that regular pattern.

It “keeps the beat” of the poem, just like the regular

beat of a song.

Terms to know about METER

iamb - da-DUM – because

trochee – DUM-da –Woodland

anapest – da-da-DUM- over there

dactyl – DUM-da-da- coconut

tetra = 3 quadra = 4 penta = 5

Foot – the basic unit of meter that gets repeated to create the rhythm Scanning – analyzing a poem to show the meter

''

'

'Soo… when we say that Shakespeare wrote in iambic pentameter… we mean he was stringing together 5 iambs in every line of poetry (Try “scanning” these lines of his)

But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun!

FREE VERSE - Poetry without a regular meter or a rhyme scheme

Impression Maureen Ziochowich

You are like my oldest

pair of dungarees

I love you

My mother hates you

And you fit so well

stanza

a "paragraph" in poetry - a verse

End of Rhythm

The Sounds of Poetry:

Rhyme and other Sound Effects

(Onomatopoeia and Alliteration)

You’ve known how to RHYME since you were small… Nursery rhymes Nicknames (nice and not-so-nice) Playground games Jumping rope Homemade greeting cards Your first attempts at writing poetry “I’m a poet and don’t know it!” Etc.

RHYMERHYME the repetition of accented vowel sounds

and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem.

death - left

long - gone

deserve it - unheard of

talking - walking

lope - smoke

G - be

night - light

Moon - June

blue - you

snow - go

stones - bones

‘tis of thee - liberty

gleaming - streaming

sitting in a tree - K-I-S-S-I-N-G

Specifics to know about rhyme:

End rhyme

Internal rhyme

Approximate rhyme

Rhyme scheme

End Rhyme - rhymes that appear at the end of lines

GANGSTA’S PARADISE - Coolio

As I walk through the valley of the shadow of death

I take a look at my life and realize there's none left

'Cause I've been brassing and laughing so long

That even my mamma thinks that my mind is gone

But I ain’t never crossed a man that didn't deserve it

Me be treated like a punk, you know that's unheard of

You better watch how you talking, and where you walking

Or you and your homies might be lined in chalk

I really hate to trip but I gotta lope

As they croak I see myself in the pistol smoke ... fool

I'm the kinda G that little homies want to be like

On my knees in the night, saying prayers in the street light

Internal Rhyme - rhymes that are found within lines

Forget the the situation, they got me facin’

I can't live a normal life; I was raised by the strip

So I gotta be down with the hood team

Too much television watching got me chasing dreams

I'm an educated fool with money on my mind

Got my 10 in my hand and a gleam in my eye

I'm a loped out gangsta, set trippin banger

And my homies is down so gonna rouse my anger ... fool

Death ain't nothing but a heart beat away

I'm living life do or die, what can I say

I'm 23 now, but will I live to see 24?

The way things is going I don't know

Approximate Rhyme - when two words are alike in some sounds but don’t rhyme exactly (a.k.a. slant rhymes)

Power and the money, money and the power

Minute after minute, hour after hour

Everybody's running, but half of them ain't looking

What's going on in the kitchen, but I don't know what's

cooking

They say I've got to learn but nobody's here to teach me

If they can't understand it, how can they reach me

I guess they can't

I guess they won’t

I guess they front

That's why I know my life is out of luck ... fool

Rhyme Scheme - the pattern of rhymes in a poem a letter of the alphabet for each rhymeAs I walk through the valley of the shadow of death a

I take a look at my life and realize there's none left a

'Cause I've been brassing and laughing so long b

That even my mamma thinks that my mind is gone b

But I aint never crossed a man that didn't deserve it c

Me be treated like a punk, you know that's unheard of c

You better watch how you talking, and where you walking d

Or you and your homies might be lined in chalk d

I really hate to trip but I gotta lope e

As they croak I see myself in the pistol smoke ... fool e

I'm the kinda G that little homies want to be like f

On my knees in the night, saying prayers in the street light f

• REFRAIN A refrain is a phrase or line that is repeated often in a poem. It may be a verse

They been spending most their lives living in the gangsta's paradise

Bye, Bye, Bye! Puff , the Magic Dragon...Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear….

Oh! Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells, Jingle all the way!

What is the other refrain of “Gangsta’s Paradise?

 Tell me why are we so blind to see That the ones we hurt are you and me?

Right!

This is also an example of a

COUPLETTwo consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme

Couplets by Ogden NashThe Cow  The cow is of the bovine ilk;One end is moo, the other, milk.    The FlyGod in his wisdom made the flyAnd then forgot to tell us why.  

Pediatric Reflection

Many an infant that screams like a calliope

Could be soothed by a little attention to his diope.

 

Ode to a Baby A bit of talcum Is always walcum

I've got the children to tend The clothes to mend The floor to mop The food to shopThen the chicken to fry The baby to dryI got company to feed The garden to weedI've got the shirts to pressThe tots to dress The cane to be cutI gotta clean up this hutThen see about the sick And the cotton to pick.

Shine on me, sunshine Rain on me, rain Fall softly, dewdropsAnd cool my brow again.

Storm, blow me from hereWith your fiercest windLet me float across the skyTill I can rest again.

Fall gently, snowflakes Cover me with whiteCold icy kisses and Let me rest tonight.

Sun, rain, curving sky Mountain, ocean, leaf and stoneStar shine, moon glowYou're all that I can call my own.

Women Work by Maya Angelou

They were women then My mama's generation Husky of voice - Stout of Step With fists as well as Hands How they battered down Doors And ironed Starched white Shirts How they led Armies Headragged Generals

Across mined Fields Booby-trapped Ditches To discover books DesksA place for usHow they knew what weMust KnowWithout knowing a pageOf itThemselves.

Women by Alice Walker

Joined in bond from day to day Friendships made along the wayTies that bind us like a ring Alma Mater praises sing.

Sons and daughters stand up tall Let thy banner never fall May she wave in our hearts as we live. We will rise and singOur voice they will hearColors raised, victory's oursAlma Mater, dear  Many days will pass us by But the memories never die Alma Mater, Dear Woodland Hills High.

ALLITERATION - the repetition of the same or similar

letters in several words

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers…

Twists of wires, worn-out tires, Paper bags and broken bricks.

The silken, sad, uncertain rustling of the curtains….

Cream is cursed and cake is awful….

Hector the Collector, Shel Silverstein

The Raven, Edgar Allan Poe

A Fat Man’s Prayer, Victor Buono

ONOMATOPOEIA - the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning

A Fat Man’s Prayer by Victor Buono

 Lord, my soul is ripped with riot

Incited by my wicked diet."We are what we eat," said a wise old man,and, Lord, if that's true, I'm a garbage can.

I want to rise on Judgment Day, that's plain!But at my present weight, I'll need a crane.So grant me strength, that I may not fallInto the clutches of cholesterol.

May my flesh with carrot-curls be sated,that my soul may be polyunsaturatedAnd show me the light, that I may bear witnessTo the President's Council on Physical Fitness.

And at oleomargarine I'll never mutter,for the road to Hell is spread with butter.And cream is cursed; and cake is awful;and Satan is hiding in every waffle

Mephistopheles lurks in provolone;the Devil is in each slice of baloney,Beelzebub is a chocolate drop,and Lucifer is a lollipop.

Give me this day my daily sliceBut cut it thin and toast it twice.I beg upon my dimpled knees,Deliver me from Jujubees.

And when my days of trial are done,And my war with malted milk is won,Let me stand with the saints in heaven,In a shining robe--size thirty-seven.

I can do it Lord, if you'll show to me,the virtues of lettuce and celery.If you'll teach me the evil of mayonnaise,

The sinfulness of Hollandaiseand pasta a la Milannaiseand potatoes a la Lyonnaiseand crisp-fried chicken from the South.

Lord, if you love me, shut my mouth!

End of Rhyme

See ya later, alligator!

Added Attractions!

© Arthrell 2002

Ballad - Narrative Poetry

A BALLAD is a song or poem that tells a story

Many of the poetic ballads that we know today were results of the “Oral Tradition.” At one time, the song had a tune, but it was lost as the song was passed from person to person.

Lyric Poetry A LYRIC poem does not tells a story, but aims only at expressing a speaker’s emotions or thoughts.

The word “lyric” comes from a lyre, a Greek instrument that a wandering storyteller could use to accompany a song.

Of course, “lyric” is the term that we use to describe the words to a song

The writer’s attitude toward • a literary work, • its characters, • the events it tells about, • and its audience.

TONE

Quite an you’ve attitude got there, buddy!

A Note about TONE… (no pun intended)

Tone is often difficult to identify because it is usually implied or suggested instead of actually being stated.

AllusionNO, we don’t

mean magical

tricks - that’s “illusions!”

To use allusion, or allude, is to use a reference to someone or something that is well known from

literature history religion mythology politics sportsOr some other thing that most

people are familiar with

Allusion in “I Have a Dream”

Four score and seven years ago….

Five score years ago,

July July 1863 1963

Hearing words that reminded the audience of Lincoln reminded them also that Lincoln

signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which King’s speech was remembering.

Recognizing & Interpreting Allusion(Using a song we have been working with)

“As I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I take a look at my life and realize there’s nothing left.” “Gangsta’s Paradise”

“Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil…”

Psalm 23

• What is the author, “Coolio,” referring to in the song?

• Why does he refer to this source?

• What could be the association that the author wants the listener to make between the two pieces?

Irony - a contrast between expectation and reality

Isn’t it ironic?

Don’t you think?

“Tyger, tyger, burning bright

in the forest of the night…” - William Blake

Ogden Nash - “ Tiger, tiger, burning bright

What has caused you to ignite?”

P.S. Where does an allusion to this poem appear?

Right – the Last chapter of Fahrenheit 451 is called “Burning Bright.”

PUN multiple meanings of a word orwords that sound alike but have

different meanings

A play on...

“What has four wheels and flies?

A garbage truck!”

GROAN!

PUN

The Moral is that gardeners pine

 Whene'er no pods adorn the vine. 

Of all sad words experience gleans 

The saddest are: "It might have beans."  

 (I did not make this up myself:  

  'Twas in a book upon my shelf.   

It's witty, but I don't deny 

   It's rather Whittier than I!)

. 

From “How Jack Found that Beans May Go Back On a Chap “ Guy Wetmore Carryl. 

A main idea in a work of literature.

THEME

Not the subject, but the idea conveyed about the subject

Symbols & Symbolism

A person, place, or thing that has meaning in itself

And also stands for something beyond itself

love water lamb war peace red

This poem has a great deal of symbolism

“The Secret Heart”

CLICK

TITLE FOR LINK

The Secret Heart

By Robert P. Tristram Coffin

Across the years he could recallHis father one way best of all.

In the stillest hour of the nightThe boy awakened to a light.

Half in dreams, he saw his sireWith his great hands full of fire

The man had struck a match to seeIf his son slept peacefully.

He held his palms each side the sparkHis love had kindled in the dark.

His two hands were curved apartIn the semblance of a heart.

He wore, it seemed to his small son,A bare heart on his hidden one,

A heart that gave out such a glowNo son awake could bear to know.

It showed a look upon a faceToo tender for the day to trace.

One instant, it lit all about,And then the secret heart went out.

But it shone long enough for oneTo know that hands held up the sun.

1314 Sitting on the porch swing15 16 Warm wind on a winter day

9 10 Green grass peaking through 9 12 Smell of spring in the air

1 Warm wind on a winter day

2 Bright sun shining all around

3 Sitting on the porch swing

4 Talking with neighbors passing by

PANTOUM – Warm Winter Day

9 Couples taking healthy walks1011 Kitchen door wide open12

6 Couples taking healthy walks 8 Kitchen door wide open

5 Bright sun shining all around67 Talking with neighbors passing by8 13 Green grass peaking through

1415 Smell of spring in the air16

131415 16

9 109 12

1 A two hour delay is the greatest

2 Scanning the news for cancellation

3 I get to sleep in

4 I get to eat breakfast

PANTOUM – Two hour Delay

9 Less time in each class period10 No worries about homework11 Teachers are miserable12 Bunches of people skip the day

6 8

5. Scanning the news for cancellation6 Less time in each class period7 I get to eat breakfast8 Teacher are miserable 13 No worries about homework

14 I get to sleep in15 Bunches of people skip the day16 A two hour delay is the greatest

131415 16

9 109 12

1 They call us Freshmen2 I feel so small and left out3 Running to classes4I’m always lost and late

PANTOUM – Ninth Grade

9 No One knows me10 Fun things to do11 Making new friends12 It’s not so bad

6 8

5. I feel so small and left out6 No one knows me7 I’m always lost and late8 Making New friends

13 Fun things to do14 Running to classes15 It’s not so bad16They call us Freshmen.

GRADING RUBRIC 8 original lines (1-4, 6, 8, 10, 12)

using imagery in each line

2 points each = 16 points

16 lines in correct order

1 point each = 16 points

TOTAL 32 points

Song list

“I Wanna Hold Your Hand”

Kiss Me

Gangsta’a Paradise

“Alcohol”

The End