-AP Physics -Sem-1-Final-Review.pdf

8/14/2019 -AP Physics -Sem-1-Final-Review.pdf

1/42

AP PhysicsSemester 1 Final Exam Review Available for home use by download only.

Item#

Question

1.

The graph below represents the motion of a body that is moving with

a) decreasing acceleration b) constant speed c) increasing speed d) increasing acceleration

2.

According to the graph which !uantity related to the motion of the body is constant"a) displacement b) speed c) acceleration d) velocity

.

The diagram below shows a graph of distance as a function of time for an ob$ect in straight%line motion.

According to the graph the ob$ect most li&ely hasa) a decreasing acceleration b) an increasing speed c) a decreasing mass d) a constant momentum

'.

(se this graph for !uestions '%.

*hich of the following graphs best represents the displacement vs. time data for this graph"

a) b) c) d)

.*hat is the displacement of the ob$ect for the entire 2+ second interval"

a) '+ m b) 1 m c) + m d) 1+ m

1


2/42

,.

The graph below shows the relationship between speed and time for two ob$ects A and -.

ompared with the acceleration of ob$ect - the acceleration of ob$ect A is

a) three times as great b) one third as great c) twice as great d) the same

/.

*hich pair of graphs represents the same motion"

0.

*hich graph best represents the relations between velocity and time for an ob$ect which accelerates uniformly for 2 seconds thenmoves with a constant velocity for one second and finally decelerates for seconds"

.

The graph below represents the motion of an ob$ect traveling in a straight line as a function of time. *hat is the average speed of

the ob$ect during the first four seconds"

a) 1 ms b) +. ms c) + ms 2 ms

1+.

The distance 3time graph shown below represents the position of an ob$ect moving in a straight line. *hat is the speed of theob$ect during the time interval t%2.+ seconds to t 4 '.+ seconds"

a) +.+ ms b) .+ ms c) /. ms d) 1+. ms

11.

The displacement%time graph below represents the motion of a cart along a straight line. (se this diagram for !uestions 11%12.

5uring which interval was the velocity of the cart 4 +"a) A- b) - c) 5 d) 56

12.*hat is the average speed of the ob$ect between A%5"a) 1+. ms b) /.+ ms c) .+ ms d) 2. ms

2


3/42

1.

The graph below represents the relationship between distance and time for an ob$ect.

*hat is the instantaneous speed of the ob$ect at t4 .+ seconds"a) 2.+ ms b) '.+ ms c) + ms d) .+ ms

1'.

The graph below represents the relationship between distance and time for and ob$ect in motion.

5uring which interval is the speed for the ob$ect changing"a) A- b) 56 c) 5 d) -

1.A roc& hits the ground at a speed of %1+. ms and leaves a hole 2 cm deep. *hat is the magnitude of the average acceleration othe roc&" 7The 3 sign is used to indicate downward direction)a) 2+ ms2 b) 1+. ms2 c) 2.+ 8 1+2ms2 d) 12. ms2

1,.

A $et accelerates from rest at a rate of ,.++ ms2over the length of a ++. m runway. *hat is the ta&e off speed of the $et at the

end of the runway and how much time did it ta&e the $et to achieve this speed"a) //. ms 12. s b) ,+++ ms 1+++ s c) 1.2 ms 1.2 s d) ++ ms + s

1/.

A locomotive starts from rest and accelerates at +.12 ms2to a speed of 2.' ms in 2+. s. This motion could be best described asa) increasing acceleration and constant velocityb) increasing acceleration and increasing velocityc) constant acceleration and constant velocityd) constant acceleration and increasing velocity

10.

1+. *hich statement about the movement of an ob$ect with 9ero acceleration is true"a) the ob$ect may be in motionb) the ob$ect may be at restc) the ob$ect may be speeding upd) the ob$ect may be slowing downe) a : b

1.

A $ogger accelerates at a constant rate as she travels .+ meters along a straight trac& from point A to point - as shown in thediagram below.

If her speed was 2.+ meters per second at point A and will be .+ meters per second at point - how long will it ta&e her to gofrom A to -"

a) 2.+ s b) . s c) 1.+ s d) '.2 s

2+.

A ball is thrown vertically upward from a height of 1.++ m above the ground with an initial velocity of2.++ ms. *hat ill be the position of the ball with respect to the ground after +.+ seconds from the timethe ball is released" 7assume acceleration due to gravity is %1+ms2)

a) +.+ m b) .++ m c) +./ m d) 1.++ m

3


4/42

21.

The displacement 8 of an ob$ect moving along the 8-a8is is shown above as a function of time t. The acceleration of this ob$ect

must be7A) 9ero 7-) constant but not 9ero 7) increasing 75) decreasing 76) e!ual to g

AP

22.

An ob$ect is released from rest on a planet that has no atmosphere. The ob$ect falls freely for .+ meters in the first second. *hais the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet"

7A) 1. m s2 7-) .+ ms2 7) ,.+ ms2 75) 1+.+ ms2 76) 12.+ ms2

AP

2.

The graph above represents positionxversus time tfor an ob$ect being acted on by a constant force. The average speed duringthe interval between 1 s and 2 s is most nearly

(A) m!s (") # m!s ($) % m!s (&) ' m!s (E) m!sAP

2'.

Which ticker tape dot set(s) could be produced when the tape is pulled

to the right with a uniform speed?

(you may select more than one)

a) d)

b) e)

c)

Use this diagram for questions 24-25.

2.

Which ticker tape dot set(s) could be produced when the tape is pulled to the right with a uniform acceleration?

(you may select more than one)

a) b) c) d) e)

2,.*hich of the following pairs are vector !uantities"a) speed and velocity b) distance and time c) velocity and distance d) acceleration and displacement

2/.*hich of the following are scalar !uantities"a) speed and velocity b) distance and speed c) velocity and distance d) acceleration and displacement

20.%% meters!second east

*hat is the magnitude of the measurement described above"a) east b) meterssecond c) meterssecond d) meterssecond east

2.

se this dia*ram for +uestions ,-/.

;iven cand determine the altitude aof the triangle.a) c sin

b) c cos

c) c tan

d) cb

+.;iven and determine the base bof the triangle.a) c sin

b) c cos

c) c tan

d) cb

4


5/42

1.

;iven aand band cdetermine the angle .

a) 1

b)

c) sin%1 c d) cos%1 c

2.

*hich of the following operations would you use to determine the height < of the building"

a) 5sin b) 5tan c) 5cos d) 5

.

The damselfly flies along the blac&%linepath shown below. (se this diagram for

!uestions %.

*hich of the following vectors best represents the resultant displacement of thedamselfly"

a) b) c) d)

'.*hat is the magnitude of the resultant displacement of the damselfly from its starting position"a) m c) m e) 2mb) 'm d) 1m

.*hat is the direction of the resultant displacement"a) /= east of north c) =east of north e) +=eastb) 1= east of north d) 1= south of east

,.

*hat is the component of the yellow $ac&et>svelocity in the northerly direction"a) ms c) .2ms e) ,msb) ,ms d) . ms

*hile the yellow $ac&et 7a type of wasp) shown below is flying due north itencounters a westbound crosswind that blows it off course. Its resultant

velocity is ,ms at an angle of += west of north.(se this diagram for !uestions ,%0.

/

*hat is the magnitude of the westbound wind"a) ms c) .2ms e) ,msb) ,ms d) .ms

0.

?uppose the yellow $ac&et were to fly along the@actual velocity@ path for one minute.


6/42

'+.

A river flows due east at 1. meters per second. A ship leaves the north shore of the river and heads due south at 2.+ meters persecond as shown in the diagram below.

*hich vector best represents the resultant velocity of the ship relative to the riverban&"

'1.

An ob$ect is released from rest on a planet that has no atmosphere. The ob$ect falls freely for .+ meters in the firstsecond. *hat is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet"

a) l . ms2 b) .+ ms2 c) ,.+ ms2 d) 1+.+ ms2 e) 12.+ ms2

AP

'2.

(se this diagram for !uestions '2%'.The ob$ect described by this graph starts with adisplacement 4 + andvelocity 4 + at time 4+.

*hat is the acceleration of the ob$ect from t4+ to t41+ seconds"

a) 'ms2 b) 15 ms2 c) ms2 d) B ms2

'.

*hat is the displacement of the ob$ect after 2+ seconds"

a) 1+ m b) 2. m c) 1 m d) %2.m

'2.

The graph above shows the velocity versus time for an ob$ect moving in a straight line. At what time aftert 4 + does the ob$ect again pass through its initial position"

7A) -etween + and 1 s 7-) 1 s 7) -etween 1 and 2 s 75) 2s 76) -etween 2 and sAP

'.

A truc& traveled '++ meters north in 0+ seconds and then it traveled ++ meters east in /+ seconds. The magnitude of the

average velocity of the truc& was most nearly

7A) 1.2 ms 7-) . ms 7) '., ms 75) ,., ms 76) . ms

6


7/42

''.

Above a flat horizontal plane, an arrow,A, is shothorizontally from a bow at a speed of 50 metersper second, as shown in the diagram below. Asecond arrow, B, is dropped from the same heightand at the same instant asAis fired

Neglecting air friction, compared to the amount of timeAtakes to strike the plane, the amount of time Btakes tostrike the plane is

A) less) the same!) greater

'.A roc& of mass mis thrown hori9ontally off a building from a height h as shown above. The speed of the roc& as it leaves thethrower>s hand at the edge of the building is v0.


8/42

'.

Questions 49 through 50 refer to the following:

An ob#ect is thrown horizontally off a cliff with an initialvelocity of 5.0 meters per second.

"he ob#ect strikes the ground /.0 seconds later.

(ow farfrom the base of the cliff will the ob#ectstrike the ground &Neglect friction.'

A) %5 m ) +. m !) ** m -) $.+ m

+.

hat is the horizontal speedof the ob#ect %.0 second after it is released &Neglect friction.'

A) %5 ms ) %0. ms !) /0. ms -) 5.0 ms

1.

A bloc& rests at the edge of a platform that is 1+ meters above level ground. The bloc& is launched hori9ontally from the edge of

the platform with an initial speed of meters per second. Air resistance is negligible. The time it will ta&e for the bloc& to reach theground is most nearly

7A) +. s 7-) 1.+ s 7) 1.' s 75) 2.+ s 76) .+ sAP

2.

A diver initially moving hori9ontally with speed v dives off the edge of a vertical cliff and lands in the water a distance d from thebase of the cliff.


9/42

.

A pro$ectile is fired with initial velocity at an angle withthe hori9ontal and follows the tra$ectory shown above.

*hich of the following pairs of graphs best represents the verticacomponents of the velocity and acceleration vand arespectively of the pro$ectile as functions of time t"

AP

,.

Questions 56 and 57 refer to the following:


10/42

.

"he diagram below represents a ball being kicked bya foot and rising at an angle of /0.from thehorizontal. "he ball has an initial velocity of 5.0meters per second. &Neglect friction.'

hat is the magnitude of the horizontal component of theball3s initial velocity

A) 5.0 ms) .1 ms!) *./ ms-) $.5 ms

,+.

A cannon with a muzzle velocity of 500. meters per second fires a cannonball at an angle of /0. Dabove thehorizontal. hat is the vertical component of the cannonball3s velocity as it leaves the cannon

A) 500. ms ) $50. ms !) 0.0 ms -) *// ms

,1.

A cannon elevated at an angle of /5to thehorizontal fires a cannonball, which travels the pathshown in the diagram below.&Neglect air resistance and assume the ball lands atthe same height above the ground from which it waslaunched.'

4f the ball lands 1.0 x%0$meters from the cannon %0.seconds after it was fired, what is the horizontalcomponent of its initial velocity

A) 10. ms) 1.0 ms!) /5 ms-) *+ ms

,2.

se this exam0le for +uestions '-'#.ou 0ush a salt sha2.er so that it slides across the table and comes to a sto0.

I II III IF F

*hich of the diagrams best represents the forces e8erted on the salt sha&er in A"

a) I b) II c) III d) IF e) F

,.*hich of the diagrams best represents the forces e8erted on the salt sha&er in -"


10


11/42

,'.*hich of the diagrams best represents the forces e8erted on the salt sha&er in "


,.

A bo8 rests on the smooth bed of a truc& that is moving at a constant velocity to the right.

If the truc& were to suddenly stop the bo8 would probably...

A) remain at rest in the bac& of the truc& -) slide to the right ) slide to the left

,,.

A table e8erts a 2.+%newton force on a boo& lying on the table.

The force e8erted by the boo& on the table isA) + G -) +.2+ G ) 2.+ G 5) 2+. G

,/.

*hich graph bestrepresents the motion of an ob$ect that has nounbalanced force acting on it"

,0.

An ob$ect of weight * is suspended from the center of a massless string as

shown above.

The tension at any point in the string is

7A) 2*cos7-) B*cos7) *cos75) *72cos )76) *cos

AP

,.

The diagram below represents two concurrent forces acting on a point.

*hich vector bestrepresents their resultant"

/+.

A force of ,.+ newtons north and a force of 0.+ newtons east act concurrently on an ob$ect.

The magnitude of the resultant of the two forces isA) 1'. G -) 2.+ G ) 1. G 5) 1+. G

11


12/42

/1.

A ball of mass m is suspended from two stringH of une!ual length as shownabove.

The tensions T1and T2in the strings must satisfywhich of the following relations"

7A) Tl4 T27-) T1 T27) T1C T275) TlJ T24 mg76) T1%T24 mg

AP

/2.

The diagram below represents a force acting at point P.*hich pair of concurrent forces would produce e!uilibrium when added to the force acting at point P"

/.

A lawnmower is pushed with a constant force F as shown in the diagrambelow.

As angle between the lawnmower handle andthe hori9ontal increases the hori9ontal componenof F

A) decreases

-) remains the same) increases

/'.

The handle of a lawn roller is held at '5 from the hori9ontal. Aforce F of 20.+ newtons is applied to the handle as the roller ispushed across a level lawn as shown in the diagram below.

*hat is the magnitude of the force moving the roller forward"

A) 1.0 G -) /.++ G ) .+ G 5) 1'.+ G

/.

The diagram below shows a person e8erting a ++.%newton force on the handle of a shovel that ma&es an angle of ,+.+ with thehori9ontal ground.

The component of the ++.%newton force that acts perpendicular to the ground is appro8imatelyA) +. G -) 2,+. G ) ++. G 5) 1+. G

12


13/42

/,.

A push broom of mass m is pushed across a rough hori9ontal floor by a

force of magnitude T directed at angle as shown above. Thecoefficient of friction between the broom and the floor is .

The frictional force on the broom has magnitude

7A) 7mg J Tsin )7-) 7mg%Tsin )7) 7mgJ Tcos )75) 7mg%Tcos )76) mg

AP

//.

A force of 1++. newtons is applied to an ob$ect at an angle of +5 from the hori9ontal as shown in the diagram below.

*hat is the magnitude of the vertical component of this force"A) +.+ G -) 1++. G ) + G 5) 0,./ G

/0. A bloc& of weight * is pulled along a hori9ontal surface at constant speed v by a force K which acts at an angle of with thehori9ontal as shown above.The normal force e8erted on the bloc& by the surface has magnitude

7A) * % K cos 7-) *%Ksin 7) * 75) * J Ksin 76) * J KcosAP

/.A 2%&ilogram bloc& slides down a += incline as shown above at a constant speed. *hich diagram best represents the forces

e8erted on the bloc&"

AP

0+.

A bloc& is at rest on an inclined plane as shown in the diagram below.

As angle is increased the component of the bloc&Ls weight parallel to the planeA) increases -) decreases ) remains the same

13


14/42

01.

(se this diagram for !uestions 01%02.

A plane meters in length is inclined at an angle of /= as shown above.A bloc& of weight 2+ newtons is placed at the top of the plane and allowedto slide down.

The mass of the bloc& is most nearly

7A) 1.+ &g7-) 1.2 &g7) 1., &g75) 2.+ &g76) 2. &g

AP

02.

A copper coin resting on a piece of cardboard is placed on abea&er as shown in the diagram below. *hen the cardboard israpidly removed the coin drops into the bea&er.

5uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

The two properties of the coin which beste8plain its fall are itsweight and its

A) electrical resistance-) inertia) volume5) temperature

0.

The graph below shows speed as a function of time for fourcarsA B C and D in straight%line motion.



*hich car e8perienced the greatestaverage accelerationduring this ,.+%second interval"

A) carA-) car B) car C5) car D

0'.

*hich two graphs represent the motion of an ob$ect on which the net force is 9ero"

5uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompresso

are needed to see this pict

5uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompresso

are needed to see this pict

0.

An 0++%newton person is standing in an elevator. If the upward force of the elevator on the person is ,++ newtons theperson is

A) accelerating downward ) moving downward at constant speed-) accelerating upward 5) at rest

14


15/42

0,.

Questions 0,%0/

A plane meters in length is inclined at an angle of / asshown above. A bloc& of weight 2+ newtons is placed at thetop of the plane and allowed to slide down.

The mass of the bloc& is most nearly

7A) 1.+ &g7-) 1.2 &g7) 1., &g75) 2.+ &g76) 2. &g

AP

0/.

*hen the frictionless system shown above is accelerated byan applied force of magnitude the tension in the stringbetween the bloc&s is

7A) 2K 7-) K 7)2

3K 75)

1

2K 76)

1

3K

AP

00.

A uniform rope of weight + newtons hangs from a hoo& asshown above. A bo8 of weight 1++ newtons hangs from the

rope.

*hat is the tension in the rope"

7A) + G throughout the rope7-) / G throughout the rope7) 1++ G throughout the rope75) 1+ G throughout the rope76) It varies from 1++ G at the bottom of the rope to 1+ G atthe top.

AP

0.

The displacement 8 of an ob$ect moving along the 8-a8is is

shown above as a function of time t.

The acceleration of this ob$ect must be7A) 9ero7-) constant but not 9ero7) increasing75) decreasing76) e!ual to g

AP

+. A bloc& of mass m can move without friction on a hori9ontal table. This bloc& is attached to another bloc& of mass m bya cord that passes over a frictionless pulley as shown above. If the masses of the cord and the pulley are negligiblewhat is the magnitude of the acceleration of the descending bloc&"

7A) Mero 7-) g' 7) g 75) 2g 76) gAP

15


16/42

1.

A rope of negligible mass supports a bloc& that weighs + G asshown above. The brea&ing strength of the rope is + G.

The largest acceleration that can be given to the bloc& bypulling up on it with the rope without brea&ing the rope is mostnearly

7A) , ms27-) ,./ ms27) 1+ ms275) 1 ms276) 1,./ ms2

AP

2.

The figure shows an ob$ect of mass +.' &g that is suspended

from a scale and submerged in a li!uid.If the reading on the

scale is G then the buoyant force that the fluid e8erts on

the ob$ect is most nearly

7A)1. G 7) +./ G 76) +.2 G

7-)1.+ G 75) +. G

AP

.

The cart of mass 1+ &g shown above moves without frictionalloss on a level table. A 1+ G force pulls on the cart hori9ontallyto the right. At the same time a + G force at an angle of ,++

above the hori9ontal pulls on the cart to the left.

*hat is the magnitude of the hori9ontal acceleration of thecart"

(A) /.% m!s(") 1.' m!s($) ./ m!s(&) .% m!s(E) .' m!s

AP

'.

An ob$ect of mass mis initially at rest and free to move without friction in any direction in thexy%plane. A constant net force ofmagnitude Fdirected in the Jxdirection acts on the ob$ect for 1 s. Immediately thereafter a constant net force of the samemagnitude Fdirected in the Jy direction acts on the ob$ect for 1 s. After this no forces act on the ob$ect.*hich of the following vectors could represent the velocity of the ob$ect at the end of s assuming the scales on thexand ya8es are e!ual"

AP

16


17/42

.

A force K1 and a 2++.%newton force K2 are applied simultaneously to the same point on a large crate restingon a frictionless hori9ontal surface. *hich diagram shows the forces positioned to give the crate the greatestacceleration"

A)

uick"ime6 an"477 89:) deco

are needed to see

-)


are needed to see

)


are needed to see

5)

uick"ime6 a"477 89:) deco

are needed to see

,.



The diagram below represents a bo8 shown sliding down anincline plane.

Toward which point will the force of friction on thebo8 be directed"

A) A -) - ) 5) 5

/.

A bo8 decelerates as it moves to the right along a hori9ontal surface as shown in the diagram below.

5uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompres

are needed to see this pi

*hich vector bestrepresents the force of friction on the bo8"

uick"im"477 89:)are needed tu c " m"477 89:)

are needed t

uic"477 8are nuic"477 8are ne

0.

-loc&Ais pulled with constant velocity up an incline as shown inthe diagram below.



*hich arrow bestrepresents the direction of the force of frictionacting on bloc&A"

uick"im"477 89:)are neededuick"im"477 89:)are needed

uick"477 89are neeuick"477 89are nee

.

A constant unbalanced force of friction acts on a 1.+%&ilogram mass moving along a hori9ontal surface at 1+.+ meters per

second. If the mass is brought to rest in 1.+ seconds what is the magnitude of the force of friction"

A) 1'/ G -) 1++. G ) 1+. G 5) 1+.+ G

17


18/42

.

In the graph below the acceleration of an ob$ect is plottedagainst the unbalanced force on the ob$ect.

5uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompr

are needed to see this

*hat is the ob$ectLs mass"

A) 2 &g-) 1 &g) +. &g5) +.2 &g

1++.

Two forces are applied to a 2.+%&ilogram bloc& on africtionless hori9ontal surface as shown in the diagrambelow.

uick"ime6 and a"477 89:) decompressor


The acceleration of the bloc& isA) .+ ms2 to the left-) .+ ms2 to the left) .+ ms2 to the right5) .+ ms2 to the right

1+1.

The graph below represents the velocity%time relationship for a2.+%&ilogram mass moving along a hori9ontal frictionless

surface.



The net force on the mass during interval BCis

A) 2.+ G-) 1.+ G) + G5) '.+ G

1+2.The students drawn above are holding bathroom scales. They push against one another as the picture shows. If the scale onthe left reads 2+.G the scale on the right will read...a) ;reater than 2+. newtons.b) Ness than 2+. newtons.c) It depends on whether or not the people move.d) 2+. newtons.

1+.The large truc& drawn above collides with the small car on the right. The si9e of the push e8erted by the truc& on the car willbe...a) smaller than the si9e of the push e8erted by the car on the truc&.

b) greater than the si9e of the push e8erted by the car on the truc&.c) 9ero.d) the same si9e as the push e8erted by the car on the truc&.

18


19/42

1+'.

A bug smashes into the window of aspeeding car.

The si9e of the force e8erted by the car on the bug is...a) smaller than the si9e of the force e8erted by the bug on the car.b) greater than the si9e of the force e8erted by the bug on the car.c) 9ero.d) the same si9e as the push e8erted by the bug on the car.

1+.A car runs into a deer on a mountain road. The +. &g deer e8periences an acceleration of 2ms2. *hat force is e8erted by thedeer on the car"a) +. G c) 2.+ Gb) 2 G d) 1++ G

1+,.

One of the students in this class ma&es the following statementP

"If a big football player runs into a little cameraman on the side of the field, the football player has to exert the biggestforce. It's because he weighs so much more."

This statement is supported bya) Gewton> first law c) Gewton>s third law

b) Gewton>s second law d) Gone of Gewton>s laws

1+/.

Two bloc&s shown above are pushed along a hori9ontal frictionless surface by a force of 12G to the left as shown above. Theforce that the 2 &g bloc& e8erts on the '&g bloc& is...a. 12G to the right c. +Gb. 12G to the left d. 'G to the left e. 'G to the right

1+0.

(se diagram for /%0.

Tim has a mass of ,+&g and is riding an elevator of mass 2'+&g.

Tim and the elevator have a net upward acceleration of ms2.

The normal force acting on Tim is...a. 1,G b. 002+G c. 0'+G d. /,0G e. 201G

1+.

The tension in the cable supporting the elevator in the figure above must be...

a. 22G b. 2'+G c. 0'+G d. /,0G e. +G

11+.

our weight is the result of the gravitational force of the earth on your body. *hich of the following describes the reactionforce"

a) The gravitational force you e8ert on the earthb) The normal force e8erted on you by the groundc) The friction force e8erted on you by the ground.d) none of the above

111.

If you step off a ledge you accelerate noticeably toward the earth because of the gravitational interaction between you and theearth. 5oes the earth accelerate towards you as well"a) es and it is easily measurable.b) es but the inertia of the earth ma&es it difficult to detect.c) Go.

19


20/42

112.

*hen a high $umper leaves the ground what is the source of the upward force that accelerates her"a) gravity accelerates her upward once she as left the groundb) friction accelerates her upward once she has left the groundc) normal force accelerates her upward once she has left the groundd) no force accelerates her upward once she has left the ground

11.*hat force significantly affects her once her feet are no longer in contact with the ground"a) gravity c) normal forceb) friction d) no force

11'.

A bicycle and a massive truc& have a head%on collision.

(pon which vehicle is the impact force greater"A) the bicycle b) the truc& c) the forces are the same

11.*hich vehicle undergoes the greater change in its motion"

A) the bicycle b) the truc& c) they e8perience the same change in motion

11,. The spring is released and both carts are allowed to move freely. R42&g.*hich cart will e8perience a greater force"a) cart m c) neither cart will e8perience a forceb) cart 2m d) the force e8erted on each cart will be the same

11/.

?uppose the only two forces acting on an elevator are tension in its supporting cable and the elevatorLs weight 7i.e. the elevatoris empty). *hen the elevator is moving upwards at constant speed what can you say about these two forces"a) The tension is greater than the weight.b) The tension is the same as the weight.c) The tension is less than the weight.

110.

A ball is hanging from a string attached to the ceiling of an elevator. 5uring a trip down from the /th to the 1st floor when is thetension in the string greatest"a) between floors / and , when the elevator is starting to move downwards 7and thus increasing its speed)b) between floors , and 2 when the elevator moves downwards with constant speedc) between floors 2 and 1 when the elevator slows to a stopd) after the elevator stops at the 1st floore) The tension is the same at all times.

11.

ou are sleeping on a train in a car with no windows 7sleeper car). The room light turns on and off by a thin fle8ible pull cordwith a &nob at the end that hangs from the ceiling. *hen you awa&e you notice that the pull cord is not hanging straight down.Instead it is angled towards the bac& of the train. Assuming that the pull cord is not charged or magnetic select the beste8planation.a) The car is stationary.b) The car is moving forward at a uniform velocity.

c) The car is moving bac&ward at a uniform velocity.d) The car is accelerating forward.e) The car is accelerating bac&ward.

12+.

ou are driving down the interstate when a bug smashes against your windshield. *hy is the outcome of this collision so muchworse for the bug than for your car"

a) S-ecause the force of your car on the bug is much larger than the force of the bug on your car. This is due to the significantdifference in the mass of the bug versus the car.b) SIn this case the force that the car and the bug e8erted on each other are the same. ItLs $ust that the bug has less masscompared with the car and thus it is unable to retain its shape under the tremendous acceleration.c) SThe bug suffers in this collision due to the soft nature of its body. The windshield is much harder.

121.

A gun recoils when it is fired. The recoil is the result of action%reaction force pairs. As the gases from the gunpowder e8plosione8pand the gun pushes the bullet forwards and the bullet pushes the gun bac&wards. The acceleration of the recoiling gun isa) greater than the acceleration of the bullet.b) smaller than the acceleration of the bullet.

c) the same si9e as the acceleration of the bullet.

122.

Doc&ets are unable to accelerate in space because ...a) there is no air in space for the roc&ets to push off of.b) there is no gravity is in space.c) there is no air resistance in space.d) ... nonsenseH Doc&ets do accelerate in space.

20


21/42

12.

Two ice s&aters are standing opposite each other If the female s&ater who has a mass of /+ &g pushes against the males&ater who has a mass of 1++&g with a force of 2G find the acceleration of each s&ater. Assume there is no friction.

a) Kemale s&ater %2.0 ms2U Rale s&ater J'ms2

b) Kemale s&ater %+., ms2U Rale s&ater J+.2ms2

c) Kemale s&ater %+.1ms2U Rale s&ater J+.1ms2

d) Geither will e8perience acceleration on the frictionless ice

12'.

A pac&ing crate slides down an inclined ramp at constant velocity. Thus we can deduce that a) a frictional force is acting on it. b) a net downward force is acting on it. c) it may be accelerating. d) it is not acted on by an appreciable gravitational force.

12.

*hen you sit in a chair the sum of all the forces acting on you while you sit a) is up b) is down c) depends on your weight d) is 9ero

12,.

If you blow up a balloon and then release it the balloon will fly away. This is an illustration of a) GewtonLs 1st law

b) GewtonLs 2nd law c) GewtonLs rd law d) the law of gravity

12/.

A mass is suspended from the ceiling by means of a string. The 6arth pulls downward on the mass with the weight force of themass e!ual to 0 G. If this is the @action@ force of the rd law what is the @reaction@ force" a) the string pulling upward on the mass with an 0 G force b) the ceiling pulling upward on the string with an 0 G force c) the string pulling downward on the ceiling with an 0 G force d) the mass pulling upward on the 6arth with an 0 G force

120.

If the acceleration of an ob$ect is always directed perpendicular to its velocity a) then the ob$ect is speeding up b) then the ob$ect is slowing down c) the the ob$ect is changing its direction of motion d) then the velocity remains constant

12.

Two spheres with masses m and 2m respectively are connected by a light string and suspended

at rest. The system is released and falls freely as shown in the figure.

If g is the acceleration due to gravity what is the tension in the string as the system falls"

a) + b) mg c) 2mg d) mg

1+.

*hich of the following is true for a system consisting of a mass oscillating on the end of an ideal spring"a) The &inetic and potential energies are e!ual at all times.b) The &inetic and potential energies are both constant.c) The ma8imum potential energy is achieved when the mass passes through its e!uilibrium position.d) The ma8imum &inetic energy and ma8imum potential energy are e!ual but occur at different times

AP

21


22/42

11.

Krom the top of a high cliff a ball is thrown hori9ontally with initial speed v0. *hich of the following graphs best represents theballLs &inetic energy Kas a function of time t"

a) b) c) d) e)AP

12.

(se this diagram for !uestions 12%1'.

A bloc& oscillates without friction on the end of a spring as shown above. The minimum and ma8imum lengths of the spring asit oscillates are respectively 8min and 8ma8The graphs below can represent !uantities associated with the oscillation asfunctions of the length 8 of the spring.

*hich graph can represent the total mechanical energy of the bloc&-spring system as a function of 8 "

a) c) e)

b) d) AP

1.

*hich graph can represent the &inetic energy of the bloc& as a function of 8 "

a) A b) - c) d) 5 e) 6AP

1'.

Vames Voule did much to establish the value of the

7A) universal gravitational constant 7) mechanical e!uivalent of heat 76) specific heat capacity of helium7-) speed of light 75) charge of an electron

AP

22


23/42

1.

(se diagram for !uestions 1%1,.

A ball swings freely bac& and forth in an arc from point I to point IF as shown above. Eoint II is the lowest point in the path III islocated +. meter above II and IF is l meter above II. Air resistance is negligible.

If the potential energy is 9ero at point II where will the &inetic and potential energies of the ball be e!ual"

7A) At point II 7) At point III 76) At point IF7-) At some point between II and III 75) At some point between III and IF

A

1,.

The speed of the ball at point II is most nearly7A) .+ ms 7) .0 ms 76) 2+ ms7-) '. ms 75) l' ms

A

1/.

An ideal spring obeys


24/42

1'+.

A roc& of mass mis thrown hori9ontally off a building from a

height h, as shown above. The speed of the roc& as itleaves the throwerLs hand at the edge of the building is

0.

*hat is the &inetic energy of the roc& $ust before it hits theground"

a)1

2 0

2m c) mgh e)1

2 0

2m mgh

b)1

2 0

2m mgh + d) mgh m12 0

2

A

1'1.

A sphere of mass m1 which is attached to a spring isdisplaced downward from its e!uilibrium position as shownabove left and released from rest. A sphere of mass m2which is suspended from a string of length l is displaced tothe right as shown above right and released from rest sothat it swings as a simple pendulum with small amplitude.

Assume that both spheres undergo simple harmonic motion.

*hich of the following is true for both spheres"

a) The ma8imum &inetic energy is attained as the sphere passesthrough its e!uilibrium position.b) The ma8imum &inetic energy is attained as the sphere reachesits point of release.c) The minimum gravitational potential energy is attained as thesphere passes through its e!uilibrium position.d) The ma8imum gravitational potential energy is attained whenthe sphere reaches its point of release.e) The ma8imum total energy is attained only as the sphere

passes through its e!uilibrium position.

A

1'2.

The graph below shows the force exerted on a block as a

function of the block's displacement in the direction of the

force.

How much work did the force do in displacing the block 5.0

meters?

A) 0 J

B) 20. J

C) 4.0 J

D) 0.80 J

1'.

A 2.2-kilogram mass is pulled by a 30.-newton force through a distance of 5.0 meters as shown in the diagram below.

What amount of work is done?

A) 330 J B) 150 J C) 11 J D) 66 J

24


25/42

1''.

A student pulls a block 3.0 meters along a horizontal

surface at constant velocity. The diagram below shows the

components of the force exerted on the block by the

student.

How much work is done against friction?

A) 30. J

B) 42 J

C) 18 J

D) 24 J

1'.

In the diagram below, 55 joules of work is needed to raise

a 10.-newton weight 5.0 meters at a constant speed.

How much work is done to overcome friction as the weight is

raised?

A) 50. J

B) 5 J

C) 5.5 J

D) 11 J

1',.

A 1.0-kilogram mass falls a distance of 0.50 meter causing

a 2.0-kilogram mass to slide the same distance along a

table top, as represented in the diagram below.

How much work is done by the falling mass?

A) 4.9 J

B) 9.8 J

C) 14.7 J

D) 1.5 J

1'/.

Once joule is equivalent to one

a)

2b)

2

c)

2d)

2

2

1'0.

Which mass has the greatest potential energy with respect to the floor?

A) 2-kg mass 10 meters above the floor

B) 10-kg mass 2 meters above the floor

C) 50-kg mass resting on the floor

D) 6-kg mass 5 meters above the floor

1'.

Which graph best represents the relationship between potential energy (PE) and height above ground (h) for a freely falling

object released from rest?

a) b) c) d)

1+.As an object falls freely in a vacuum, its total energy

A) increases B) remains the same C) decreases

25


26/42

11.

A box weighing 1.0 x 102 newtons is dragged to the top of an incline, as shown in the diagram below.

The gravitational potential energy of the box at the top of the incline is approximately

A) 6.0 x 10

2

J B) 1.0 x 10

2

J C) 1.0 x 10

3

J D) 8.0 x 10

2

J

12.

Three people of equal mass climb a mountain using paths A, B, and C shown in the diagram below.

Along which path(s) does a person gain the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy from start to finish?

A)C, only B)A, only C)B, only D) The gain is the same along all paths.

1.

A train of mass M on a frictionless track starts from rest at

the top of a hill having height h1, as shown in the diagrambelow.

What is the kinetic energy of the train when it reaches the top of

the next hill, having height h2?A)Mg(h2-h3)

B)Mg(h1-h2)C) 0

D)Mgh1

1'.

Which cart shown below has the greatest kinetic energy?

A) B) C) D)

1.

Questions 36 and 37 refer to the following:

The graph below represents the velocity-time relationship

for a 2.0-kilogram mass moving along a horizontal

frictionless surface.

The kinetic energy of the mass is greatest during interval

A)BC

B)DEC)CDD)AB

1,.

Which graph best represents the relationship between the kinetic energy (KE) of a moving object as a function of its velocity (v)

A) B) C) D)

26


27/42

1/.

Questions 157 through 159 refer to the following:

The diagram below represents a frictionless track. A 10-

kilogram block starts from rest at point A and slides along

the track.

As the block moves from point A to point B, the total amount of

gravitational potential energy changed to kinetic energy is

approximately

A) 5 J

B) 500 J

C) 20 J

D) 50 J

10.

What is the approximate speed of the block at point B?

A) 50 m/s B) 100 m/s C) 1 m/s D) 10 m/s

1.

What is the approximate potential energy of the block at point C?

A) 200 J B) 300 J C) 20 J D) 500 J

1,+."he product of an ob#ect3s mass and velocity is e;ual toA) weight ) force !) momentum -) kinetic energy

1,1."he momentum of an ob#ect is the product of itsA) force and distance !) mass and acceleration) mass and velocity -) force and displacement

1,2. "he product of the average net force e


28/42

1,.

4f a net force of %0. newtons acts on a =.0@kilogram mass for .0 seconds, the total change of momentum of themass is

A) *0 kgms ) =0. kgms !) * kgms -) 0. kgms

28


29/42

1/+.

4n a baseball game, a batter hits a ball for a home run. !ompared to the magnitude of the impulse imparted tothe ball, the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the bat is

A) less ) the same !) greater

1/1.

A force of $0. newtons is e


30/42

1/0. Two ob$ects of mass +.2 &g and +.1 &g respectively move

parallel to the 8-a8is as shown above. The +.2 &g ob$ect

overta&es and collides with the +. 1 &g ob$ect. Immediately

after the collision the y-component of the velocity of the +.2

&g ob$ect is 1 ms upward.

*hat is the y-component of the velocity of the +.1 &g ob$ect

immediately after the collision"

7A) 2 ms downward7-) +. ms downward7) + ms75) +. ms upward76) 2 ms upward

A

1/.

Two people of une!ual mass are initially standing still on ice with negligible friction. They then simultaneously push each otherhori9ontally. Afterward which of the following is true"

7A) The &inetic energies of the two people are e!ual.7-) The speeds of the two people are e!ual.7) The momenta of the two people are of e!ual magnitude.

(D) The center of mass of the two-person system moves in the direction of the less massive person.

76) The less massive person has a smaller initial acceleration than the more massive person.A

10+.

An empty sled of mass R moves without frictionacross a fro9en pond at speed vo. Two ob$ects aredropped vertically into the sled one at a timeP first

an ob$ect of mass mand then an ob$ect of mass2m. Afterward the sled moves with speed v1.

*hat would be the final speed of the sled if the ob$ects were dropped intit in reverse order"

(A) vf!

(") vf! ($) vf(&) vf(E) vf

A

101.

Two ob$ects A and - initially at rest are@e8ploded@ apart by the release of a coiled springthat was compressed between them.

As they move apart the velocity of ob$ect A is msand the velocity of ob$ect - is %2 ms.

The ratio of the mass of ob$ect A to the mass ob$ect - mAm- is(A) #!%(") !%($) 1!1(&) %!(E) %!#

A

102. The two bloc&s of masses Mand 2Mshown aboveinitially travel at the same speed vbut in oppositedirections. They collide and stic& together.


31/42

10.

"he diagram below represents two identicalcarts, attached by a cord, moving to the rightat speed V.

4f the cord is cut, whatwould be the speed of cartAA) 0 ) F2

) $V -)V

10,.

"he diagram below shows two carts on ahorizontal, frictionless surface being pushedapart when a compressed spring attached toone of the carts is released. !artAhas a massof /.0 kilograms and cart Bhas a mass of 5.0kilograms. "he speed of cartAis 0.// meterper second after the spring is released.

4f the carts are initially at rest, what is the appro


32/42

11.

4f the magnitude of the force applied to the string by the student3s hand is increased, the magnitude of theacceleration of the ball in its circular path will

A) decrease ) remain the same ! ) increase

12.

The hori9ontal turntable shown above rotates at a constantrate. As viewed from above a coin on the turntable movescountercloc&wise in a circle as shown.

*hich of the following vectors best represents the direction ofthe frictional force e8erted on the coin by the turntable whenthe coin is in the position shown"

1.

A steel ball supported by a stic& rotates in a circle of radius r shown above. The direction of the netforce acting on the ball when it is in the position shown is indicated by which of the following

A

1'.

Gse this information for %+*@%+1."he diagram below shows a 5.0@kilogramcart traveling clockwise in a horizontal circleof radius $.0 meters at a constant speed of*.0 meters per second.

At the position shown, the centripetal acceleration of the cart isdirected toward point

A) Q) P!) S-) R

1.

hat is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the cart

A) *0. N ) $0. N ! ) 50. N - ) .0 N

1,.At the position shown, the velocity of the cart is directed toward point

A) S ) R !) Q -) P

1/.

4f the mass of the cart was doubled, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the cart would beA) halved ) doubled !) unchanged -) ;uadrupled

10.An automobile moves at constant speed down one hill and up another hill along the smoothly curved surface shown

above. *hich of the following diagrams best represents the directions of the velocity and the acceleration of the

automobile at the instant that it is at the lowest position as shown.

32


33/42

1.

A satellite of mass R moves in a circular orbit of radius D at a constant speed v. *hich of the following must be true"

I. The net force on the satellite is e!ual to2

and is directed toward the center of the orbit.

II. The net wor& done on the satellite by gravity in one revolution is 9ero.III. The velocity of the satellite is constant.

7A) I only7-) III only7) I and II only

75) II and III only76) I II and III

2++.

Gse this information for $00@$0*.

At an amusement park, a passenger whosemass is 50. kilograms rides in a cage. "hecage has a constant speed of %0. metersper second in a vertical circular path ofradius R, e;ual to %0. meters.

hat is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of thepassenger

A) %.0 ms$) 5.0 < %0$ms$!) %0. ms$-) $.0 < %0/ms$

2+1.

hat does the 50.@kilogram passenger weigh at rest

A) %=00 N ) 0 N !) *+0 N -) 50. N

2+2.

hat is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the passengerA) 5.0 < %0$N ) 0 N !) 50. N - ) *.+ < %0$N

2+.

hat is the direction of the centripetal acceleration of the passenger at the instant the cage reaches the highespoint in the circle

A) up ) to the right !) down -) to the left

2+'.

As the time taken for a car to make one lap around a circular track decreases, the centripetal acceleration of thecar

A) decreases ) increases !) remains the same

2+.

A compressed spring mounted on a dis& can pro$ect a small ball. *hen the dis& is not rotating asshown in the view above the ball moves radically outward. The dis& then rotates in acountercloc&wise direction as seen from above. and the ball is pro$ected outward at the instant thedis& is in the position shown left.*hich of the following best shows the subse!uent path of the ball relative to the ground"

A

2+,.

In which of the following situations would an ob$ect be accelerated"

I. It moves in a straight line at constant speed.II. It moves with uniform circular motion.III. It travels as a pro$ectile in a gravitational field with negligible air resistance.

7A) I only7-) III only7) I and II only75) II and III only76) I II and III

33


34/42

2+/.A particle oscillates up and down in simple harmonic motion. Its height y as a function of time t is shown in the diagram above. Awhat time t does the particle achieve its ma8imum positive acceleration"

7A) 1s 7-) 2s 7) s 75) 's 76) Gone of the above because the acceleration is constantA

2+0.

An ob$ect is attached to a spring and oscillates with amplitudeAand period T. as represented on the graph above. The nature othe velocity vand acceleration aof the ob$ect at time T' is best represented by which of the following"

7A) v+ a + 7-) v + aC + 7) v + a4 + 75) v4+ aC + 76) v4 + a4 +A

2+.

*hen an ob$ect oscillating in simple harmonic motion is at its ma8imum displacement from the e!uilibrium position which of thefollowing is true of the values of its speed and the magnitude of the restoring force"

?peed Destoring Korce7A) Mero Ra8imum

7-) Mero Mero

7) B ma8imum B ma8imum

75) Ra8imum B ma8imum

76) Ra8imum MeroA

21+.

*hich of the following is true for a system consisting of a mass oscillating on the end of an ideal spring"

7A) The &inetic and potential energies are e!ual at all times.7-) The &inetic and potential energies are both constant.7) The ma8imum potential energy is achieved when the mass passes through its e!uilibrium position.75) The ma8imum &inetic energy and ma8imum potential energy are e!ual but occur at different times.

A

211.

If the mass of a simple pendulum is doubled but its length remains constant its period is multiplied by a factor of

(A)1

2

7-)1

2

7)1 75) 2 76)2

A

212.

An ideal spring obeys


35/42

21.

(se for 21%21'. A sphere of mass m1 which is attached to a spring isdisplaced downward from its e!uilibrium position asshown above left and released from rest. A sphere ofmass m2 which is suspended from a string of length lis displaced to the right as shown above right andreleased from rest so that it swings as a simplependulum with small amplitude. Assume that bothspheres undergo simple harmonic motion.

*hich of the following is true for both spheres"

7A) The ma8imum &inetic energy is attained as the sphere passes through its e!uilibrium position.7-) The ma8imum &inetic energy is attained as the sphere reaches its point of release.7) The minimum gravitational potential energy is attained as the sphere passes through its e!uilibrium position.75) The ma8imum gravitational potential energy is attained when the sphere reaches its point of release.76) The ma8imum total energy is attained only as the sphere passes through its e!uilibrium position.

A

21'.

If both spheres have the same period of oscillation which of the following is an e8pression for the spring constant"

A

21.

Kor which of the following motions of an ob$ect must the acceleration always be 9ero"

I. Any motion in a straight lineII. ?imple harmonic motionIII. Any motion in a circle

7A) I only7-) II only7) III that75) 6ither I or III. but not II76) Gone of these motions guarantees 9ero

acceleration.A

21,.

An ob$ect swings on the end of a cord as a simple pendulum with period T. Another ob$ect oscillates up and down on the end of

a vertical spring also with period T. If the masses of both ob$ects are doubled what are the new values for the periods"

Eendulum Rass on ?pring

7A)

2 2

7-) T 27) 2 2T

75) 2 T

76) 2 2A

21/.

A +.2 &g mass causes a spring to stretch +.2+ m beyond its e!uilibrium length. The mass is displaced cm beyond its stretchelength and is released. The system moves with simple harmonic motion. The period of the oscillation is most nearly

a) 2 seconds b) +. seconds c) +.0 seconds d) ' seconds e) seconds

210.

A spring with a spring constant of +Gm is stretched to a length of +. m from its e!uilibrium position along a frictionless

hori9ontal surface. A 2.+ &g mass is attached to the spring. *hat initial acceleration will the mass e8perience"a) + ms2 b) 1 ms2 c) /. ms2 d) ms2 e) 2. ms2

35


36/42

21.

A T%shaped tube with a constriction is inserted in a vessel containing a li!uid as shown above. *hahappens if air is blown through the tube from the left as shown by the arrow in the diagram"7A) The li!uid level in the tube rises to a level above the surface of the li!uid surrounding the tube.7-) The li!uid level in the tube falls below the level of the surrounding li!uid.7) The li!uid level in the tube remains where it is.75) The air bubbles out at the bottom of the tube.76) Any of the above depending on how hard the air flows

A

22+.

A spring scale calibrated in &ilograms is used to determine the density of a roc& specimen. The reading on the spring scale is

+.' &g when the specimen is suspended in air and +., &g when the specimen is fully submerged in water. If the density ofwater is 1+++ &gm the density of the roc& specimen is7A) 2.+ 8 1+2&gm

7-) 0.+ 8 1+2&gm

7) 1.2 8 1+&gm

75) '.+ 8 1+&gm

76) .+ 8 1+&gm

A

221.

The figure shows an ob$ect of mass +.' &g that is suspended from a scale and submerged in a li!uid. If thereading on the scale is G then the buoyant force that the fluid e8erts on the ob$ect is most nearly

7A)1. G 7-)1.+ G 7)+./ G 75)+. G 76)+.2 G

A

222.

6ach of the bea&ers shown above is filled to the same depth hwith li!uid of density . TheareaAof the flat bottom is the same for each bea&er. *hich of the following ran&s the bea&eraccording to the net downward force e8erted by the li!uid on the flat bottom from greatest toleast force"

7A) I III II IF7-) I IF III II7) II III IF I75) IF III I II76) Gone of the aboveU the force on each is the same.

A

22.

The absolute temperature of a sample of monatomic ideal gas is doubled at constant volume. *hat effect if any does this haveon the pressure and density of the sample of gas"

Eressure 5ensitya) Demains the same Demains the sameb) Demains the same 5oublesc) 5oubles Demains the samed) 5oubles Is multiplied by a factor of 'e) Is multiplied by a factor of ' 5oubles

A

22'.

*hich of the following statements is GOT a correct assumption of the classical model of an ideal gas"

a) The molecules are in random motion.b) The volume of the molecules is negligible compared with the volume occupied by the gas.c) The molecules obey GewtonLs laws of motion.d) The collisions between molecules are inelastic.e) The only appreciable forces on the molecules are those that occur during collisions.

A

22.

An ideal gas is made up of G diatomic molecules each of mass R. All of the following statements about this gas are true

E5$EP6PA) The temperature of the gas is proportional to the average translational &inetic energy of the molecules.-) All of the molecules have the same speed.) The molecules ma&e elastic collisions with the walls of the container.5) The molecules ma&e elastic collisions with each other.6) The average number of collisions per unit time that the molecules ma&e with the walls of the container depends on thetemperature of the gas.

A

36


37/42

22,.

An ideal gas confined in a bo8 initially has pressure p. If the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled and the volume of thebo8 is !uadrupled the pressure is

a)

1

8

p

b)

1

4

p

c)

1

2

p

d) p e) 2pA

22/.

An ideal gas in a closed container initially has volume F pressure E. and Welvin temperature T. If the temperature is changed toT. *hich of the following pairs of pressure and volume values is possible"7A) E and F 7) E and F 76) E and

7-) E and F 75) E and F A

220.

If the average &inetic energy of the molecules in an ideal gas at a temperature of ++ W is 6 the average &inetic energy at atemperature of ,++ W is7A) / 2 7) 2 76) ' 6

7-) 6 75) 2 6A

22.

*hich of the following will occur if the average speed of the gas molecules in a closed rigid container is increased"7A) The density of the gas will decrease.7-) The density of the gas will increase.7) The pressure of the gas will increase.75) The pressure of the gas will decrease.76) The temperature of the gas will decrease

A

2+.

A 2%&ilogram bloc& of metal with a specific heat of 1++ $oules per &ilogram Welvin falls from rest through a distance of 1++meters to the 6arthLs surface. If half of the potential energy lost by the fallen bloc& is converted to internal energy of the bloc&the temperature change of the bloc& is most nearlya) 1 W b) W c) 1+ W d) 2 W e) ' W

A

21.


38/42

2'.

Questions 2'%2

A piece of metal with a mass of 1.+ &ilograms specific heat of 2++ V&g = and initial temperature of 1++= is dropped intoan insulated $ar that contains li!uid with a mass of .++ &ilograms specific heat of 1+++ V&g X = and initial temperature of +=. The piece of metal is removed after seconds at which time its temperature is 2+= . Geglect any effects of heat transfer tothe air or to the insulated $ar.The temperature of the li!uid after the metal is removed is

7A) += 7-) '= 7) 0= 75) 1+= 76) 2+=

A

2.

The average rate at which heat is transferred while the piece of metal is in the li!uid is

7A) '+++ Vs 7-) '0++ Vs 7) ,+++ Vs 75) ,++ Vs 76) 1,+++ VsA

2,.

An ice cube of mass m and specific heat ciis initially at temperature T1 where T1C 2/ W. If N is the latent heat of fusion ofwater and the specific heat of water is cwhow much energy is re!uired to convert the ice cube to water at temperature T2 wher2/ W C T2C / W"

(A) m[ci(273 - T1) + L + cw(373 - T2)]

(B) m[ci(273 - T1) + L + cw(T2- 273)]

(C) ci (273 - T1) + cw(T2- 273)

(D) mL + cw(T2- T1)

(E) mL +

+

2

(T2- T1)

A

2/.

Two bloc&s of steel the first of mass 1 &g and the second of mass 2 &g are in thermal e!uilibrium with a third bloc& of aluminumof mass 2 &g that has a temperature of '++ W *hat are the respective temperatures of the first and second steel bloc&s"7A) '++ W and 2++ W7-) 2++W and '++W

7) '++ W and '++ W75) 0++ W and '++ W76) Gone of the above

A

20.

A s!uare steel plate with sides of length 1.++ m has a hole in its center +.1++ m in diameter. If the entire plate is heated to sucha temperature that its sides become 1.+1 m long the diameter of the hole will be

7A) +.++ m 7-) +.+ m 7) +.1++ m 75) +.1+1 m 76) +.11+ mA

2.

In time t an amount of heat Q flows through the solid door of area A and thic&ness d representedabove. The temperatures on each side of the door are T2 and T1 respectively.*hich of the following changes would be certain to decrease Q"7A) Increasing A only7-) 5ecreasing d only7) Increasing d and T2 % T1 only

75) 5ecreasing A and T2 % T1 only76) Increasing d. A and T2 % T1A

38


39/42

2'+.

Equal masses of four different solids, A, B, C, and D, are heated at a constant rate. The graph below represents the

temperature of each solid as a function of the heat added to the solid.

Which solid has the greatest specific heat?

A)AB)BC)CD)D

2'1.

An unknown liquid with a mass of 0.010 kilogram absorbs 0.032 kilojoule of heat. Its temperature rises 8.0 CD, with no change

in phase. What is the specific heat of the unknown liquid?

A) 26 kJ/kgdCDB) 0.0040 kJ/kgdCDC) 0.40 kJ/kgdCDD) 260 kJ/kgdCD

2'2.

The graph below which represents the temperature of 2.0 kilograms of a material as a function of the heat added to the

substance.

During which two intervals shown on the graph is the average potential energy of the molecules of the material increasing?

A)AB and DEB)BC and DEC)CD and DED)AB and CD

2'.

5) The internal energy of water depends on its

A) temperature, only

B) temperature, mass, and phase

C) temperature and mass, only

D) phase, only

2''.

A force causes an object on a horizontal surface to overcome friction and begin to move.

As this happens, the object's internal energy will

A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same

39


40/42

2++2-1 71 points) A .+ &g ob$ect sub$ect to a restoring force Fis undergoing simple harmonic motion with a small amplitude. Thepotential energy of the ob$ect as a function of distance 8 from its e!uilibrium position is shown above. This particular ob$ect has a totaenergy !P of +.' V.

7a) *hat is the ob$ectLs potential energy when its displacement is J' cm from its e!uilibrium position"

7b) *hat is the farthest the ob$ect moves along the 8-a8is in the positive direction" 68plain your reasoning.

7c) 5etermine the ob$ectLs &inetic energy when its displacement is -/ cm.

7d) *hat is the ob$ectLs speed at 8 4 + "

7e) ?uppose the ob$ect undergoes this motion because it is the bob of a simple pendulum as shown above. If the ob$ect brea&sloose from the string at the instant the pendulum reaches its lowest point and hits the ground at point Pshown what is the hori9ontaldistance dthat it travels"

2++2-1- 71 points) A 2.+ &g frictionless cart is moving at a constant speed of .+ ms to the right on a hori9ontal surface as shownabove when it collides with a second cart of undetermined mass mthat is initially at rest. The force Fof the collision as a function oftime t is shown in the graph below where t4 + is the instant of initial contact. As a result of the collision the second cart ac!uires aspeed of 1., ms to the right. Assume that friction is negligible before during and after the collision.

7a) alculate the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the 2.+ &g cart after the collision.

7b) alculate the mass mof the second cart.

After the collision the second cart eventually e8periences a ramp which it traverses with no frictional losses. The graph below showsthe speed vof the second cart as a function of timetfor the ne8t .+ s wheret4 + is now the instant at which the carts separate.

40


41/42

7c) alculate the acceleration of the cart at t4 .+ s.

7d) alculate the distance traveled by the second cart during the .+ s interval after the collision 7+ s C tC .+ s).

7e) ?tate whether the ramp goes up or down and calculate the ma8imum elevation 7above or below the initial height) reached bythe second cart on the ramp during the .+ s interval after the collision 7+ s C t C .+ s).

1- 71+ pts) A coin of mass +.+++ &g is placed on a hori9ontal dis& at a distance of +.1' m from the center as shown above.The dis& rotates at a constant rate in a countercloc&wise direction as seen from above. The coin does not slip and the time it ta&esfor the coin to ma&e a complete revolution is 1. s.

a. The figure below shows the dis& and coin as viewed from above. 5raw and label vectors on the figure below to show theinstantaneous acceleration and linear velocity vectors for the coin when it is at the position shown.

b. 5etermine the linear speed of the coin.c. The rate of rotation of the dis& is gradually increased. The coefficient of static friction between the coin and the dis& is +.+.

5etermine the linear speed of the coin when it $ust begins to slip.d. If the e8periment in part 7c) were repeated with a second identical coin glued to the top of the first coin how would this affect the

answer to part 7c) " 68plain your reasoning.

1/-1. A +.2+ &g ob$ect moves along a straight line. The net force acting on the ob$ect varies with the ob$ectLs displacement asshown in the graph above. The ob$ect starts from rest at displacement 8 4 + and time t 4 + and is displaced a distance of 2+ m.5etermine each of the following.

a. The acceleration of the particle when its displacement 8 is , m.b. The time ta&en for the ob$ect to be displaced the first 12 m.c. The amount of wor& done by the net force in displacing the ob$ect the first 12 m.d. The speed of the ob$ect at displacement 8 4 12 m.e. The final speed of the ob$ect at displacement 8 4 2+ m.f. The change in the momentum of the ob$ect as it is displaced from 8 4 12 m to 8 4 2+ m

41


42/42

1/-2. To study circular motion two students use the hand-held device shown above which consists of a rod on which a spring

scale is attached. A polished glass tube attached at the top serves as a guide for a light cord attached the spring scale. A ball of mass+.2++ &g is attached to the other end of the cord. One student swings the teal around at constant speed in a hori9ontal circle with aradius of +.++ m. Assume friction and air resistance al negligible.a. 68plain how the students by using a timer and the information given above can determine the speed of the ball as it is revolving.b.

-AP Physics -Sem-1-Final-Review.pdf

Documents

Transcript of -AP Physics -Sem-1-Final-Review.pdf