“ All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. ”

Ecclesiastes 1:7

HYDROLOGYscientific discipline in the field of physical

geography that deals with the water cycle.

It is concerned with the origin, distribution, and properties of water on the globe.

one of the interdisciplinary sciences that is the basis for water resources development and water resources management.

THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE PROCESSESEvaporation

CondensationPrecipitationInfiltrationPercolation

TranspirationSurface Run-off

DISTRIBUTION OF EARTH’S WATER

NON-OCEAN COMPONENT

THE EARTH’S OCEANS70.8% of total earth’s surface or 360

million sq. km.the amount of salt is 34.5% by weight85 of 90 naturally occurring element is

found in seawateraverage depth - 12,000 feetdeepest known spot is Marianas Trench

(western Pacific Ocean) with a depth of 36,198 feet below sea level

surface temperatures vary from -2 C near the north & south poles & 30 C near the equator.

THE FOUR MAIN OCEAN BASINTHE PACIFIC OCEAN

THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

THE INDIAN OCEAN

THE ARCTIC OCEAN

THE PACIFIC OCEANthe world’s largest ocean w/ an area of 165.2

million square kilometercovers 46% of the Earth’s water surface about 1/3 of the Earth’ total surface areathe world’s deepest ocean w/ an average

depth of 12,927 feet subdivided by the equator it into North

Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Mariana Trench in the Western North Pacific

THE ATLANTIC OCEANthe second largest ocean of the world

with an area of 106.4 million square kilometer

covers 20% of the Earth’s surface

about 26% of the Earth’s total surface area

subdivided by the equator into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.

THE INDIAN OCEANthe third largest ocean in the world nearly 10,000 km. wide at the southern tips

of Africa and Australiahas an area of 73,556,000 square kilometer

including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulfestimated volume 292,131,000 cubic

kilometersbordered by the Archipelago of Indonesia

on the eastlargely a Southern Hemisphere water body

THE ARTIC OCEANthe smallest and the shallowest of the world’s

major oceanic divisions.about 7% of the size of the Pacific Oceanpartly covered by sea ice throughout the yeartemperature vary seasonally as the ice cover

melts and freezesits salinity is the lowest on average of the major

oceans due to low evaporation, heavy freshwater inflow from rivers and streams and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities

Instruction: Match Column A with Column B. Column A Column B

1.Evaporation a. water soaks into the ground2.Infiltration b. surplus water that flows to the3.Condensation surface to the lakes &

streams4.Run-off c. liquid water changes to gas5.Transpiration d. water vapor changes to liquid6.Precipitation e. water absorbed by plants and

and released to the atmospheref. water from the atmosphere

falls to the ground.g. movement of water through

the soil

Instruction: Select the correct answer among the choices given.

A. Pacific OceanB. Indian OceanC. Atlantic Ocean D. Arctic Ocean

1.One of the worlds four major oceans that is partly covered by sea ice through-out the year.

2.The second largest ocean with an area of 106.4 sq. km.

3.The ocean that covers 1/3 of the Earth’s total surface area.

4.The ocean that is bordered by The Archipelago of Indonesia on the east.