ÊÅÒÂàÊŒ¹áº ‹§ ¾ÃÁá´¹ä·Â-¾Á ‹Ò...Toward the end, it raises some issues of...
Transcript of ÊÅÒÂàÊŒ¹áº ‹§ ¾ÃÁá´¹ä·Â-¾Á ‹Ò...Toward the end, it raises some issues of...
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ÊÅÒÂàÊŒ¹áº‹§ ¾ÃÁá´¹ä·Â-¾Á‹Ò
Êѧ¤ÁÈÒÊ ÃÇÒÃÊÒ÷ҧÇÔªÒ¡Òà ¤³ÐÊѧ¤ÁÈÒÊ Ã ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕ§ãËÁ‹
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ªØÁ·Ò§¡ÒäŒÒ ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÊÌҧ/ÊÅÒÂàÊŒ¹áº‹§¾ÃÁá´¹: ÁÒ¹ØÉÂÇÔ·ÂÒ»ÃÔ·Ñȹ
Trading at Crossroad and theDe/Re-territorialization of Borders:
An Anthropological Review
Jakkrit Sangkhamanee
‘ ’
/
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: , / , ,
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Abstract
This article examines several academic works that are related to cross-border trade issues. The purpose of this article is to understand how trading space can generate anthropological perspectives with speci c reference to re/de-territorialization issues. Through a literature review of authoritative works in cross-border trade, this article tackles on two main debates concerning the process of re/de-territorialization: 1) the demarcation between formal and informal forms of trading practices and 2) the intricate relationships between locality, nation-state, the emergence of economic region and the transformation of trading practices at international borders. Besides tracing these two debates, this article examines some of the seminal works on cross-border trade in the Mekong region. Toward the end, it raises some issues of border trade which warrant further investigation in understanding re/de-territorialization at the borders.
Keywords: Cross-border Trade, Re/De-territorialization, Anthropological Approach, Greater Mekong Subregion
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, ,
,
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‘ ’
/
“ ”
“ ”
Illegal, Illicit, Informal, Uno cial, Semi-Legal,
Un-Recorded, Parallel, Petty, Dark, Black, Shadow, Subversive, Arbitrage,
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Clandestine, Contraband, Smuggling Unorthodox Economic Activity (Niger-Thomas 2001)
Second Economy (MacGa ey 1987)
, , ,
“ ”
/
“ ” (Trading)
“ ” (Smuggling) (Solomon 1970)
“ ” “ ” (Donnan and Wilson 1999, Megoran, Raballand, and Bouyjou
2005)
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“ ”
Donnan Wilson (1999)
Subversive Economy “Subversive”
(Megoran,
Raballand, and Bouyjou 2005) “Subversive”
“ ”
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(The reverse of formal sector)
(Nugent 2002) “ ”
“ ” “ ”
“ ”
“ ”
(Flynn 1997)
(Niger-Thomas 2001) “
” “ ” (Flynn 1997) “ ”
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Women and the Arts of Smuggling (Niger-Thomas 2001)
(Life story)
Niger-Thomas
1990
Niger-Thomas
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- Niger-Thomas
Niger-Thomas
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( Walker 1997a)
“ ”
Niger-Thomas
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Niger-Thomas Ntseane
(2004)
“ ” “ ”
Egbert (2006)
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“ ”
“ ” ( Egbert 2001, Fish and Edwards 1989
) -
(Social
Embeddedness) Polanyi (1944, 1957) (Social Capital) Bourdieu (1986), Coleman (1988) Portes (1998, 1993)
(Social Networks) (New institutional economics)
Egbert
, ,
Egbert
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Egbert
, ,
, ,
( Wallace, Shmulyar, and Bedzir 1999)
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(Portes 1998)
Egbert
Egbert
“ ” (Institution) “ ” ,
,
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, ,
Sikder (2005)
Silker
(Smugglers) (1) (Carriers)
(2)
(Carrier-investors)
(3)
(Investors) (4) (Primary traders)
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Silker -
(5) (Syndicates)
Micro- nance
-
( Jakkrit 2006a
)
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Silker
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(Globalization neo-liberal economics) “ ” “ ” Ohmae (1993, 1999) Teune (1992) Bailley (1988)
(Walker 1999, Yeung 1998)
(William and Smith 1983)
(Border uniqueness)
(Anderson and
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O'Dowd 1999)
(Williams, Balaz,
and Bodnarova 2001) (Tension space)
(Ratti 1993)
Williams, Balaz
Bodnarova (2001)
“ - ”
(Winners-Losers)
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Williams, Balaz Bodnarova “ ”
(Institutional) “ ” (Practical)
(Double-faced nature of borders)
“ ” “ ”
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Bucken-Knapp (2002)
(Trade-o ) (National
identity) (Cross-border regional identity)
(Bailly 1988, Teune 1992)
Bucken-Knapp Rosenau (1997)
Rosenau
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William Smith (1983)
20 John Christian (1940)
Trans-Burma Trade Routes to China
Bekker (1967)
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Ann Hill (1998) Merchants and Migrants
19
Hill
Hill
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19
(Chiranan 1989)
Where China Meets Southeast Asia Grant
Evans, Christopher Hutton, Kuah Khun Eng ( Evans, Hutton, and Eng 2000)
1997
(Dynamic and free-wheeling) Where China Meets Southeast Asia
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Hinton (2000)
Hinton
(Seamlessly integrated)
/
(Connection) Hinton
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Kuah Khun Eng (2000)
Kuah
Kuah (Negotiating policies)
Kuah
Kuah
Kuah
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Kuah “
” (An integrated cultural area)
- Chau Thi Hai (2000)
(Hoa) -
1980
1978-1979
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-
“ ” (Buy now,
pay later)
Chau
“ ” (Symbiotic Relationships) Chau
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Mika Toyota (2000)
Toyota
Toyota
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Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
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Toyota
Toyota
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Kuah Khun Eng (2000)
Where China meets Southeast Asia
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Andrew Walker (2000)
Walker
“ ” Walker
(Ohmae 1993)
(Continuity)
(Competition)
(Regulation)
(Transformation)
(Co-Operation)
(Liberalization)
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Walker
(Walker 1997b)
( Walker 1997a) The Legend of the Golden Boat: Trade and Trade Regulation in the
Borderland of China, Laos, and Thailand (Walker 1999)
Kyoko Kusakabe (2004)
- Jakkrit (2005, 2006a, 2006b) Kusakabe
(Kusakabe 2003)
Kusakabe
Kusakabe
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(Sense of Place)
Walker (1997a, 1997b, 1999, 2000) Kusakabe (2004) Ohmae (1993)
Jakkrit (2005, 2006a, 2006b)
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: /
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( Button 1985) “ ”
“ ”
( Bygvra 1998)
( Little 2002, 2007)
( Appadurai 1986)
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(Peberdy 2000)
“ ”
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Anderson, J., and L. O'Dowd. 1999. “Borders, Border Regions and Territoriality:
Contradictory Meanings, Changing Signi cance,” Regional Studies 33:593-604.
Appadurai, A. 1986. "Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value".
In Appadurai, A (ed.), The Social Life of Things. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Bailly, A. 1988. "A Geopolitical Study of the Regio Genevensis". In Ivo D. Duchacek,
Daniel Latouche, and Garth Stevenson (eds.), Perforated Sovereignties and
International Relations. New York: Greenwood Press.
Bekker, K. 1967. "Historical Patterns of Culture Contact in Southern Asia".
In Bohannan, P. (ed.), Frontiers and the Frontier Hypothesis in Beyond the
Frontier. Social Progress and Cultural Change. New York: The Natural History
Press.
Bourdieu, P. 1986. "Forms of Capital". In Richardson, J. (ed.), Handbook of Theory
and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood.
Bucken-Knapp, G. 2002. “Testing our Borders: Questions of National and Regional Identity in the Oresund Region,” Journal of Baltic Studies 33:199-219.
Button, K. J. 1985. “Transport Deregulation and Cross-border Trucking in North
America,” Transportation Planning and Technology 9:285-299.
Bygvra, S. 1998. “The Road to the Single European Market as Seen through the
Danish Retail Trade: Cross-border Shopping between Denmark and
Germany,” The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer
Research 8:147-164.
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Chau, T. H. 2000. "Trade Activities of the Hoa along the Sino-Vietnamese Border".
In Grant Evans, Christopher Hutton, and Kuah Khun Eng (eds.), Where China
Meets Southeast Asia: Social and Cultural Change in the Border Regions.
Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Chiranan, P. 1989. “Yunnan Trade in the Nineteenth Century: Southwest China’s
Cross-boundaries Functional System,” Asian Studies Monograph 44.
Bangkok: Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University.
Christian, J. 1940. “Trans-Burma Trade Routes to China,” Paci c A airs 13:173-191.
Coleman, J. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital,” American
Journal of Sociology 94:95-121.
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