+' 7-r · 2021. 2. 5. · pounder gun and sporting a sloped glacis plate sufficiently armored to...

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Transcript of +' 7-r · 2021. 2. 5. · pounder gun and sporting a sloped glacis plate sufficiently armored to...

Page 1: +' 7-r · 2021. 2. 5. · pounder gun and sporting a sloped glacis plate sufficiently armored to withstand the German 88mm gun, AEC were assigned the design job, and a mock-up was
Page 2: +' 7-r · 2021. 2. 5. · pounder gun and sporting a sloped glacis plate sufficiently armored to withstand the German 88mm gun, AEC were assigned the design job, and a mock-up was

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Having introduced the first tank (the Mark I) in WWI and developed an interwar armor doctrine allying heavier armored infantry tanks with speedier cruiser tanks, British armed forces were seen largely as leading the field in the development and deployment of armor. The early stages of WWII would prove a rude awakening; chastening clashes with German armor persuaded British designers to change tack, and in September 1942 the War Office called for an all-purpose vehicle that could fulfil the various roles previously carried out by multiple tanks. Under the designation A41, the War Office requested a vehicle armed with the 17

pounder gun and sporting a sloped glacis plate sufficiently armored to withstand the German 88mm gun, AEC were assigned the design job, and a mock-up was ready by May, 1944: the 17 pounder and sloped glacis were joined by a "boat-shaped" lower hull for protection from mines. The hitherto commonplace Christie suspension was foregone in favor of a Horstmann setup that mounted pairs of road wheels in coil-sprung bogies. Twenty experimental models armed with either a 17 pounder or 77mm gun and one of the Polsten cannon and Besa machine gun were ordered, although WWII ground to an end before the prototype Centurions could be deployed, Before the A41 Centurion - known as the Mk.I .. was actually ready a second,

improved model with cast turret, 360-degree cupola visibility, a co-axial Besa machine gun and gyro-stabilization in azimuth and elevation -the A41A, or Mk.II -was already planned. A hundred each were manufactured of the Mk.I and Mk.II, the former for training use, and the latter for deployment. These were soon superseded by the Mk.Ill, which appeared in 1948 and was upgunned with the 20 pounder gun, which could defeat 250mm of 30-degree armor from 1 kilometer, and was given a co-axial 7.92mm Besa machine gun, Its Rolls-Royce Meteor IVb liquid-cooled V12

Die britischen Streitkrafte wurden lange Zeit als fuhrend in der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz von Panzem angesehen, nachdem sie im I.Weltkrieg den ersten Panzer (Mk 1) hatten und zwischen den Kriegen eine Taktik der Verbindung van schwer gepanzerten lnfanteriepanzem und schnelleren Kampfpanzem pflegten. In den ersten Tagen des I1.Weltkrieges kam das groBe Erwachen; verlustreiche Kampfe mit den deutschen Panzern iiberzeugten die britischen Entwickler den Kurs zu andern, Im September 1942 verlangte das Kriegsministerium nach einem Mehrzweckfahrzeug, welches die verschiedenen Rollen, die vorher mit verschie­denen Fahrzeugen erbracht wurden abdecken sollte. Unter dem Planungsbegriff A41 verfangte das Kriegsministerium ein mit einem 17 Pfunder bewaffnetes Fahrzeug mit angeschragter Panzerung, die der deutschen 8,8 cm Kanone widerstehen sollte. AEC bekam den Entwicklungsauftrag und der erste Prototyp war im Mai 1944 fertig. Der 17 Pfiinder und die angeschragte Panzerung waren in einer bootsformigen Unterwanne fur guten Minenschutz eingebaut. Die bis dahin gebriiuchliche Christie Radaufhangung wurde aufgegeben zugunsten einer Horstmann Anordnung mit Raderpaaren an spiralgefederten Laufrollenwagen, 20 Erprobungsfahrzeuge wurden beauftragt, entweder mit dem

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was a 27,000cc OHV gasoline engine with an output of 650hp. Developed from the Merlin powerplant of Spitfire fame, the Meteor !Vb gave a modest top speed of 35km/h, but crucially provided the Centurion with superior mobility. 7.55 meters in length, the Mk.Ill had its driver and ammunition stores in the front, with a central fighting compartment, and the rear divided between the 5-speed (plus 2 reverse) transmission and Meteor !Vb. The commander was located in the right rear of the turret, with the gunner immediately in front and below, Production of the Centurion Mk.Ill started between 1949 and 1950, and with the

outbreak of the Korean War on June 25, 1950, it was quickly pressed into service by the British Army as a part of the United Nations force; it is often referred to as the most effective tank fielded in the conflict. Its maiden deployment was by the 8th Kings Royal Irish Hussars, which in February 1951 provided support for a U.S. reconnaissance mission and exchanged fire with Cromwells captured by enemy forces, During the Battle of the lmjin River that April, Centurion Mk.Ills were again active, this time assisting a withdrawal of the 29th Infantry Brigade in the face of an offensive from the Chinese 63rd Army. On one occasion in the Third Battle of the Hook (May 1953), a Mk.Ill is said to have knocked out a Chinese tank from 3.8km. In total, around 4,500 Centurions were manufactured by the end of production in

1962, across Marks numbered up to 13. Impressive performance in the Korean War led to its purchase and deployment by numerous armed forces across the globe, and the Centurion was seen in the Suez Crisis in 1956 (British 6th Royal Tank Regiment), and against Pakistani-operated U.S. M47s and M48s in the Inda-Pakistan War of 1965, while modified Israeli Centurions were deployed during the Six-Day War in 1967, Eventually replaced in the British Army by the Chieftain from 1969, the Centurion had already proved a globally successful design.

17 Pfiinder oder der 77mm Kanone und eines mit der Polsten Kanone und dem Besa Maschinengewehr. Aber der Krieg war beendet bevor die ersten Centurion eingesetzt werden konnten. Bevor der A41 Centurion- bekannt als Mk.I - richtig fertig war, wurde bereits ein zweites verbessertes Model!, der A41A oder Mk.II mit einem Gussturm und einer Kuppel mit 360 Grad Rundumsicht geplant. Er hatte ein Besa Maschinengewehr und eine Kreiselstabilisierung in Hohe und Seite. Von den Mk.I und Mk.II wurden etwa 100 Fahrzeuge gebaut, die Mk.I fur das Training und die Mk.II fur den Einsatz. Sie wurden bald durch den Mk.Ill ersetzt, der 1948 kam und mit der 20 Pfiinder Kanone ausgeriistet war, welche 250mm einer 30 Grad geneig­ten Panzerung auf 1 ,000m durchschlagen konnte. Er bekam auch ein Co-axiales 7,92mm Besa Maschinengewehr. Sein Rolls Royce V12 Meteor IVb mit Fliissig­keitskiihlung und 271 Hubraum sowie obenliegenden Nockenwellen hatte 650Hp, Entwickelt aus dem Merlin Motor der Spitfire verlieh der Meteor !Vb dem Centurion nur eine bescheidene Hochstgeschwindigkeit van 35km/h aber eine sehr gute Mobilitat. Auf eine Lange von 7,55m verteilte sich der Fahrerplatz und die Munition­shalterung vome, der Kampfraum in der Mitte und das 5-Gang Getriebe (mit 2 Riickwartsgangen) mit dem Meteor IVb hinten. Der Kommandant saB hinten rechts

56604 R/C Centurion MkJII (11056517)

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