PowerPoint Presentation

. DC FSSEMM (hon)

Ways Physicians Can Improve Human Performance & Slow the Aging Process by Focusing On The Bodies Spring Mechanics

1

2Failure of Prevention Medicine The number of procedures more than doubled, from 138,700 in 2000 to 310,800 in 2010.

19601964

3 should companies talk about here shock absorbing souls, air soles, gell soles etc as springlike shock absorbers work to protect the body from damaging collisions or impacts with the earth.

if this is so that our bodies need cushioned shock absorption or springlike mechanisms to absorb collision then how did this man break the world record as the fastest marathon runner in the world both in the 1960 1964 Olympic Games out the advantage of shoes to protect himself high force landings or impacts?

Abebe Bikila

1.

2.

First before we move forward in designing perfect method of examination, treatment and prevention must study the biomechanics of human movement to answer these two key questions..

How is it engineered?

How does it modulate itself?

4

-

First How Is The Body Designed

How is it engineered to protect itself from impacts?How is it designed to recycle energy for maximum efficiency?How is it engineered to provide spaces so bones wont bang or grind?How is it designed to allow the blood vessels and nerves to pass safely?5

- 1685

Three Schools Of Bio-Mechanics

Inverted Pendulum Model and The Rocker-Lever Series Based Model (1685)The Spring- Mass Model (1989/1990)3. The Integrated Spring-Mass Model (2012)

6

340 -

These are the models of human movement we are going to examine:

The inverted pendulum model, which is 340 years-old and still the primary source of information for most doctors. Resistance exercise and the lever series model - A vision of exercising the body and human movement propelled with a series of lever-like connections.

The spring-mass model, that acknowledges the lower half of the body in motion operates as a spring mechanism.

The integrated spring-mass model, which is an advancement of the spring-mass model theorized by scientists from Harvard that includes the upper body and head.

7

1680

17 , (97).

598

In 1680, scientist Borelli Giovanni Alfonso theorized a rocker-based Inverted Pendulum Model. In his seventeenth century volume De motu animalium, Borelli discussed walking as vaulting over stiff legs using a pair of compasses and noted the importance of rebounding on compliant legs in running (97).

From that early account up to the present, walking and running have been treated as different mechanical paradigms, and the two corresponding models, the inverted pendulum model for walking (5) (98)

8

1989 & 1990

(105)

15

Then between the years 1989 1990 Blickhan McMahon & Cheng from Harvard University developed the Spring-Mass Model

The spring-mass model is a simple mathematical model of bouncing gaits, such as running, trotting and hopping (105)

These spring-mass models embody the observation that during walking and running, the leg performs mechanical work more gently than in the impulsive gaits described above, undergoing some compression and restitution as if the whole leg were a linear spring. (15)

9

vs .H, AR 2006 (13)

325

Inverted Pendulum vs Spring-Mass

The Inverted Pendulum model is associated with vaulting over stiff legs in walking and rebounding on compliant legs in running.

For 325 years we have been modeling human walking as a rocker-lever based Inverted Pendulum

With a simple bipedal spring-mass model, we show that not stiff but compliant legs are essential to obtain the basic walking mechanics

In fact, they concluded the spring-mass model was best for describing the walking gait

10

Spring-Mass Model

The Spring-Mass Model models the legs as springs and the torso and head as the mass

The first flaw in the spring-mass model as they did not model the spine as a springThe second flaw in the model is they did not model the foot or its arch11

15

Spring-Mass Model vs Integrated Spring Mass Model

The Spring-Mass Model embodies that during walking and running, the whole leg were a linear spring. (15)

12

1971

Then in 1971 Dr. Yuri Verkhoshansky shocked the world by saying that high impact training was ideal for improving human performance in sport and he even called it the shock method of training. It later evolved into the Plyometric training method. He is considered Father of Plyometrics. This is a photo I took from my classroom seat at a lecture he gave at the National Institute of Sports and Exercise Science in Moscow in 1989. 13

14

There is a huge gap in the way doctors think and what athletes and top coaches recommend to improve human performance

261988,

Plyometrics

At age 26, I exposed top sports doctors from around the world to the Verhkoshansy approach by organizing a course at the National Institute of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences in Moscow in 1988 that featured Yuri Verkhoshansky and many other top Russian sports scientists.

15

, 1989

This is a photo of the young Dr james Stoxen and Dr Verhkoshansky at Central Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Moscow 198916

151

610/90/151

I was having a difficult time explaining to myself and others how the body is able to perform 3 very important functions with the inverted pendulum and spring mass model

How does the body absorb collisions or impacts safely?How does the body recycle energyHow does the body engineer the space between joints and tunnels and passageways that allow the safe passage of blood vessels and nerves

I couldnt explain these three functions so I thorized a new model called the Integrated Spring-Mass Model17

Integrated Spring-Mass Model

Integrated Spring-Mass Model suggests the legs are the combination of a Progressive Rate Spring and Torsion Spring

This new model models the legs as Progressive Rate Torsion Springs the body as a Progressive Rate Spring and Torsion Spring.

The head is the only mass

18

Integrated Spring-Mass Model, models the arch as a spring suspension system 19

Key Argument

The Integrated Spring-Mass model protects the body from impacts and injuries

The human spring stores mechanical energy therefore it is an efficiency mechanism.

Rocker-Lever Based Model cannot explain either of these important factors

20

The potential energy of a human spring is determine by how deep it can load and how stiff or strong the spring is21

1515

Spring-Mass Model vs the Integrated Spring-Mass Model

These spring-mass models embody the observation that during walking and running, the leg performs mechanical work more gently than in the impulsive gaits described above, undergoing some compression and restitution as if the whole leg were a linear spring. (15)

The Spring-Mass Model embodies that during walking and running, the whole leg were a linear spring. (15)

The Integrated Spring Mass Model represents the human spring as a progressive rate spring because the majority of spring energy is absorbed in the lower body. 22

-

23Hookes Law of physics applies to the human spring theory very nicely. It says that the deeper the spring is depressed the more energy it recycles back into the walk, run, jump or spring. The variable to that is how strong the spring is. The stronger it is the more spring it will return.

The deeper the jump or the deeper the spring is depressed eccentricly the more energy it will returnThis means asking the 51 year old woman to jump from higherWe tell them not to jump and wear cushioned shoesCushioned shoes actually reduce the spring training to the springLess adaptation and weaker over timeThis advances the aging, sarcopenia and osteopenia

1964 - 40-501361977 - 7030531987 - 148149

24Recycling of Energy

1964 - The efficiency in running has been calculated as about 4050%: this appears to be identified as elastic recoil energy from the stretched contracted muscle. (136)1977 - This transfer is greatest at intermediate walking speeds and can account for up to 70% of the total energy changes taking place within a stride, leaving only 30% to be supplied by muscles. (53)1987 - Kinetic and potential energy removed from the body in the first half of the stance phase is stored briefly as elastic strain energy and then returned in the second half by elastic recoil. For example, empirical data show substantial deformations of the foot arch (148) (149)

Journal of Applied Physics, M. Mooney, September 1940, Volume: 11 Issue 9 Page (s) 582 - 592

25ELASTIC DEFORMITY

This type of deformation is reversible. Once the forces are no longer applied, the object returns to its original shape.

The ability of the spring to deform, store energy, reform to its exact original shape, releasing energy.

THE ABILITY OF THE SPRING TO DEFORM, STORE ENERGY, REFORM TO ITS EXACT ORIGINAL SHAPE, RELEASING ENERGY

This is the key principle behind maximum recoil, injury prevention and reduced aging

:

1. 2.

/365/=3,650,000

303,650,00030=109500000

74.84

273,000,000

J. Lubliner, 2008, Plasticity theory, Dover, ISBN 0-486-46290-0, ISBN 978-0-486-46290-5.

26Plastic Deformity

In physics and materials science, plasticity describes the deformation of a material undergoing non-reversable changes of the shape in response to applied forces.

The human spring deforms, stores energy, DOES NOT RETURN TO ITS EXACT ORIGINAL SHAPE, RELEASES LESS ENERGY

This can happen 2 ways:1. It can happen instantly as in a herniated disc 2. It can happen many years

10,000 steps/day x 365 days/year = 3,650,000 Walking for 30 years 3,650,000 x 30 = 109,500,000 collisions

The life expectancy of a Malaysian male is 74.84 yearsAverage Malaysian Male collides with the earth 273,000,000 times in a lifetime

VS

G. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, 1986

Flinn, Richard A.; Trojan, Paul K. (1975). Engineering Materials and their Applications. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p.61. ISBN0-395-18916-0.

27Elastic vs Plastic DeformityElastic DeformityYield Strength

Beyond the elastic limit, permanent deformation will occur. The lowest stress at which permanent deformation can be measured.

VS

28Elastic vs Plastic Deformity

On this graph we see there is a load which will cause a predictable injury. This happens when the impact or load exceeds the yield point. This Yield Strength point is the point where the force of the impact or load causes plastic deformity.

Failure strength is the point where the structure fails completely leaving a complete tear

Nervous System Function

How is the tension controlled on the spring? The nervous system can alter the tension on the spring to adjust for the forces of gravity to control balance, posture and equilibrium while lying down, sitting, standing, lifting and other movements. 29

How The Mechanism Is Controlled

How are movement patterns stored in the brain?Can these abnormal strained moment patterns be reprogrammed?How does the nervous system sense and react to strained positions and movements?How does the does the nervous system react to strained positions or movements? How does the nervous system modulate and change the tension on the human spring?

30

..

Based on a spring-mass model, leg spring stiffness, which is defined as the ratio of maximum ground reaction force to maximum center of mass displacement at the middle of the stance phase, was calculated using the vertical ground reaction force.

Leg Spring Stiffness Although the human leg is very complicated, when it is supporting a runner, it behaves very much like a coiled spring. When the spring is compressed, it pushes back against the compression with a force that force is proportional to the distance of compression. The amount of force divided by the compression distance is the spring constant or, in this case, the Leg Stiffness.

Leg stiffness (kleg) is the ratio of peak vertical force and the change in length of the leg spring

Leg spring stiffness is not the same thing as stiffness in the legs. Stiffness in the legs effects spring stiffness.

31

KVERT -

kleg -

kjoint -

Types of Stiffness

Biomechanists designate three types of stiffness which can be calculated, the type used will be dependent on the task and system level to be analyzed.

Vertical stiffness (kvert) used to determine limb stiffness during vertical tasks (i.e. jumping and hopping in place)Leg stiffness (kleg) used to determine limb stiffness during horizontal (i.e. running, jumping and bounding) as well as vertical tasksTorsional stiffness (kjoint) used to determine joint stiffness (important as these forces are now acting rotationally as opposed to linearly)

32

58

What Determines Limb Stiffness?

Overall limb stiffness (i.e. leg stiffness)Single joint stiffness (i.e. ankle stiffness)Muscle tendon unit stiffness (i.e. medial gastrocnemius and Achilles acting together)Individual tissue stiffness (i.e. Achilles tendon)Individual fibre stiffness (i.e. single muscle fibre) (58)Cellular Stiffness

33

ATP

19966040

Verkhoshansky YV (1996) Quickness and velocity in sports movements IAAF Quarterly New Studies in Athletics 11 (2-3); 29-37

Spring Compliance - occurs when we relax to allow for maximize depth of safe loading

Muscles dont do this work The elastic spring elements to do the Work

The ability to relax muscle is very important for rapid movements especially in cyclical actions, which involve recent assists of ATP during the phases between muscle contractions.

The adequate retrieval of elastic energy stored in the muscle complex, together with the stretchshortening potential of force output, or valuable prerequisites for efficient high velocity cyclic and acyclic movement.

Verhkoshanski 1996 reports that economical sprinting activity can result in the recovery of about 60% of total mechanical energy expended in the movement cycle, with the remaining 40% being

He had set a high correlation between the muscular capacity to store potential elastic energy and the performance of distance runners, with an increase in the contribution from non-metabolic energy sources taking place with increased in running velocity

34

37117

94

62

Spring Stiffness vs Spring ComplianceWhich is better?

When they tested spring compliance gait to spring stiffness gait they determined that a compliant landing strategy led to over a 37% more negative collision work than necessary. (117). Compliant landing strategy improved impact resistance. A compliant landing strategy leads to a less efficient gait, slower speeds and reduced joint stability.

Spring StiffnessIncreased Spring Stiffness leads to a more efficient gait. Stiff landing strategy reduced impact resistance. Increased spring stiffness improves joint stability (94) Increased spring stiffness leads to increased speed (62)

35

36Compressive forces are what cause the majority of injuries and progressive aging.

78

Spring Compression is the cause of many disorders

From degeneration to acute injuries37

S1 107

Conditions caused by Abnormal Compression!

The optimum management of chronic conditions requires an understanding of the underlying cause(s) of the neurovascular compression or tension. (1)

HeadachesNeck painUpper Back PainHerniated disc in the neckThoracic Outlet SyndromeCubital Tunnel CompressionMedian Nerve Compression Of The ForearmCarpal Tunnel CompressionGuyon Tunnel Compression 107Low back painHerniated disc in the low backDegenerated discsDegeneration of the kneesDegeneration of the hips

38

-

-

-

-

-

What the Integrated Spring-Mass Model suggests is that poor performance in sport and activities of daily life, sports and leisure as well as the risk to compressive injuries like herniated discs and progressive degenerative disorders like arthritis are caused by a preloaded compression on the bodies spring mechanism

The causes of preload compression of the bodies spring are:

Static - psychological pressure

Static sustained overload

Dynamic a single overloaded

Dynamic - a recurring overload

Reflex - tonic protective reflexes overload39

-

Causes of Pathological Preload Muscle Tension on the Spring

Dynamic - A Single Episode Of OverloadingAcute InjuryCar AccidentWork AccidentSports Injury

40

41Nervous System Over ModulationInternal Compressive Forces on the Spring Mechanism

Stiffness in the spring follows patterns according to the pattern of the gait

Painful compressive spasms and non painful compressive spasms (latent) link.

Both compress the spring from toe to head.

They are discovered with deep palpation.

Sonoelastography

Reflexes

In many cases tasks you take for granted are hard wired in your nervous system called reflexes. They react faster than learned behavior, which is a good thing because they protect you from harm.

This is called an involuntary task because you did not volunteer to do it. It happened automatically without your control.

42

Nervous System Learned Behaviors and Reflexes

The nervous system can adjust the stiffness of the muscles and tendons that support the spring to reduce stiffness to make it more compliant and better able to absorb the forces of impacts of walking and running on different surfaces. However when the spring is more compliant your body needs more energy to move.The nervous system can also adjust the tension on the spring to make it stiffer so the spring bounces your body off the ground with more efficiency and speed. The greater the tension on the spring the less apt it is to protect you from impacts.

The nervous system can alter the tension on the spring to adjust for the forces of gravity to control balance, posture and equilibrium while lying down, sitting, standing, lifting and other movements. The nervous system tightens the tension on the spring when the sensory system signals that it is in a stressful or injured state.

The nervous system can help you by programming every day activities of daily life into programmed patterns such as walking, talking, eating, etc43

Posture

Your posture allows you to maintain upright alignment of the floors of your integrated spring mechanism. It maintains the spaces between your joints and the openings and tunnels that allow your blood vessels and nerves to pass safely. It permits efficient movement patterns through a recycling of the energy through a balanced spring mechanism. It allows your joints to be loaded symmetrically which will decrease loads and strains on your ligaments, muscles and tendons, cartilage and bones.

44

-

-

The two main functional goals of postural behavior are:

Postural Orientation - Postural orientation involves the active control of body alignment (strain free or strained) of the seven floors of your integrated spring with respect to gravity, the surface you are lying, sitting or standing on, and your internal state.

Postural Equilibrium - The human body is said to be in equilibrium when all forces or tensions are balanced. The body should have no strain when it is in the state of equilibrium.

45

1906

Is posture reflexive or a learned behavior?

Sir Charles Sherringtons made some significant scientific breakthroughs and it was his work entitled, The integrative action of the nervous system published in 1906 is regarded as the founding text of modern neuroscience devoted to understanding how reflexes work. He determined that perfect balanced posture is actually controlled by reflexes.

46

Sensory Receptors are Strain Gauges

Skin Pressure ReceptorsVisual Systems (your eyes)Somatosensory Systems Vestibular System

47

Sensory for Spring Modulation48

Neuromotor Reflex49

-

Muscle Spindle Cells What is their function?

Strain on the muscle fibers creates strain on the filaments of the spindle cells. The nerves that attach to the filaments transmit the message of how much strain is on the muscles. This important information is relayed to the brains software by the nerves.50

The Vestibular System

It provides information related to movement and head position related to your body positions relative to gravityIt is important for development of balance, coordination, eye control, attention, being secure with movement

51

Righting Reflex Or Labyrinthine Righting Reflex

The most important reflex is called the "righting reflex". When the position of the head or body changes, reflex movements occur that return the head or body to the normal posture of your head perpendicular to gravity and your eyes level with the horizon.

53

30

Muscle Contraction

Your brain sends an electric signal through nerves that connect to muscles. When the signal arrives, a chemical, acetylcholine is released into the space between the nerve and muscle. The acetylcholine docks or binds to the receptors of the muscles surface. This

calcium to enter the muscle cell. This starts the contraction of the muscle.

During the contraction, the pressure on the capillaries increases temporarily moving the blood out of the area. When the contraction releases, the pressure releases blood flows back into the muscle.

After a healthy contraction, a little bit of lactic acid is released. This makes the area a little acidic. Under normal circumstances lactic acid is flushed out of muscles into the bloodstream within 30 minutes after the exercise. At about the same time, an enzyme called acetylcholineesterase breaks up the acetylcholine to prevent the acetylcholine from constantly triggering the muscle contraction.

54

2930

Any low-level contractions, can lead to pressure increases in intramuscular pressure especially near the muscle insertions, which may impair the local circulation, cause hypoxia, and eventually lead to trigger point formation. () Muscular strain and cell damage is one of the reasons for myofascial syndrome (503)

55

5. -

2. - 12

Theories for how Tonic Protective Reflexes Form57

1

pH7

Tonic Protective Reflex Theory #1

CompressionLack of Blood flowAerobic to Anaerobic MetabolismLactic AcidPH Below 7Acetylcholineesterase cannot breakdown Acetylcholine

58

2

.

3

79

Tonic Protective ReflexTheory #2

This constant state of muscle contraction damages muscle tissue. These damaged muscles release inflammation.Intertwined between muscle and tissues are other receptors called nociceptors. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, a nociceptor is defined as: a high-threshold sensory receptor of the of the nervous system that is capable of detecting stressful, harmful and even toxic stimuli. (3)They are thin nerve fibers in muscles that sense and send information about harmful mechanical, temperature and chemical stimuli in and around muscles. These nerves send this information to the brain. (7)Different tracts of the spinal cord have the ability to transmit nociceptive information to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain). (9)

59

The Rules Of Gravity &The Righting Reflex

Body Lean Right Causes Scalene Contraction On The Left To Tilt The Head Left And compression On The LeftBody Lean Left Causes Scalene Contraction On The Right To Tilt The Head Right And compression On The RightBody Lean Back Causes Scalene And Anterior Neck Muscle Contraction For A Neck Lean Forward And compression On The Left And Right

61

Sitting Posture and sustained Contraction62

Sleeping Posture and \sustained Contraction63

4. - 617503

GM67

50

7mm

67138)

In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking.Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Japan.T. Fukunaga

The study we investigated in vivo length changes in the fascicles and tendon of the human gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle during walking. (67)

Two important features emerged:

The muscle contracted near-isometrically in the stance phase, with the fascicles operating at ca. 50 mm The tendon stretched by ca. 7 mm during single support, and recoiled in push-off.

The gastrocnemius does not push the body forward. It springs it forward.

The muscle contraction was primarily for stabilizing the foot, leg and knee position. (67) (138)

65

-

66LANDING MUSCLESSPRING SUSPENSION SYSTEM MUSCLES

67Overload - Weight Gain, back packs, pregnancy Industrial AgeSustained StandingBinding devices casts, footwearChronic fatigue Imbalanced Exercise - Not adequate Absolute Strength of this group and No Spring Training Industrial Exercise Walking, running or with poor techniquePrevious injury not rehabbed completely Catastrophic Neurologic Incident or StrokePsychological stressInadequate or inappropriate Medical CareCultural or social Genetic defects

Successful Decompression Treatment of the Human Spring

Erase the neuromotor pattern causing tonic protective muscle contractions

The joint play must be reestablished

All inflammatory chemicals must be flushed out

Lactic acid must be flushed out

The muscles that suspend the spring must be trained

Your activities of daily living must not exacerbate the condition.

68

1930135

69STEP ONERelease The SpringAnother component of the total mechanical work is the internal work, which is needed to reciprocally accelerate body segments with respect to the body centre of mass and to overcome internal friction in body tissues (Fenn, 1930). (135)

/16NSAIDS

PUb Med / 16 Treatment Approaches

Medication: Analgesic drug therapy, Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, othersScalene Injection (Bupivacaine)Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory's NSAIDSPainkillers For Symptom Reduction Scalene Injection (Botox)Gentle Stretching Of The Scalene's And Pectoralis MinorTraction Nerve GlidingUltrasound & Muscle StimulationDifferent Bra For Breast HypertrophyBreast Reduction - Reduction MammoplastyErgonomic CorrectionsCorrection Of The Ergonomics Of The Workstation First Rib Adjustments AloneGeneral MassageExercise Strengthening

70

636636

636

Trigger Points vs Painful Muscle Contractions

These results suggest that latent trigger points could be involved in the genesis of muscle cramps. Focal increase in nociceptive sensitivity at trigger points constitutes one of the mechanisms underlying muscle cramps. (636)

Measurable sources of muscle tension include viscoelastic tone, physiological contracture (neither of which involve motor unit action potentials), voluntary contraction, and muscle spasm (which we define as involuntary muscle contraction). (636)

Localized muscle cramps may induce intramuscular hypoxia, increased concentrations of algesic substances and direct mechanical stimulation of nociceptors and pain. (636)

71

Treatment of Muscle Spasms that Preload the Spring

Muscle spindles which detect changes in muscle fiber length and rate of change of length.Golgi tendon organs which monitor the tension and muscle tendon during muscle contraction or stretching

72

Metatarsal Cunieform JointArch Release75

79STEP THREE

STRENGTHEN THE HUMAN SPRING SPRING SYSTEM

BAREFOOT RUNNINGJUMPING DRILLSPLOMETRICS

58

-

What Determines Human Spring Strength?

Overall body stiffnessSingle joint stiffness (i.e. foot stiffness, limb stiffness, spine stiffness and head neck stiffness)Muscle tendon unit stiffness (i.e. medial gastrocnemius and achilles acting together)Individual tissue stiffness (i.e. achilles tendon)Individual fiber stiffness (i.e. single muscle fiber) (58)Cellular stiffness Scientists have found that even cells have stiffness factors

80

A Strong Spring81

82Steps to Increasing Impact Protection and Energy RecyclingRelease The Abnormal Internal Compressive Force On The Human Spring Increase Depth Of Loading Of Forces Into The Human SpringStrengthen The Spring Suspension System via Lever StrengtheningStrengthen The Spring Suspension System via Spring StrengtheningMaintain

83Overload - Weight Gain, back packs, pregnancy Industrial AgeSustained StandingBinding devices casts, footwearChronic fatigue Imbalanced Exercise - Not adequate Absolute Strength of this group and No Spring Training Industrial Exercise Walking, running or with poor techniquePrevious injury not rehabbed completely Catastrophic Neurologic Incident or StrokePsychological stressInadequate or inappropriate Medical CareCultural or social Genetic defects

84Overload - Weight Gain, back packs, pregnancy Industrial AgeSustained StandingBinding devices casts, footwearChronic fatigue Imbalanced Exercise - Not adequate Absolute Strength of this group and No Spring Training Industrial Exercise Walking, running or with poor techniquePrevious injury not rehabbed completely Catastrophic Neurologic Incident or StrokePsychological stressInadequate or inappropriate Medical CareCultural or social Genetic defects

-

-

20

-

413

Non-Sport Causes of Muscle Stiffness in the Spring

Sleeping postures that are not completely horizontal

Sitting maintaining bodyparts outside of perpendicular or horizontal20 minutes in one place

Standing standing in one place too long

Visual Stressors

Mental Stressors

Inflammation invading sensory cells (413)

85

86Spring Suspension SystemStrength Training

Move the body in directions other than front to back

87Spring Suspension SystemStrength Training

Move the body in directions other than front to back

88STEP TWO

STRENGTHEN THE HUMAN SPRING LEVER SYSTEM

RESISTANCE EXERCISES SPRING SUSPENSION MUSCLES

89

LEVER EXERCISERESISTANCE EXERCISE

-

90RETRAINING ABNORMAL MOVEMENT PATTERNSRUNNING-WALKING FORM & TECHNIQUE

TRAINING INVOLVES REPEATED MOVEMENTS TO STORE PATTERNS

Positive EngramsNegative Engrams

You must reteach healthy walking

You must reteach healthy running

Use it or loose it

51

51

51

626

Improved Stiffness

Stiffness is an important parameter because we take advantage of the storage and release of elastic energy in the musculotendinous unit to improve muscle power and jump height. (51)

However, elastic energy storage is likely to be greater in those with more compliant muscletendon units, which seems important for jump success. (51)

Stiffness is an important parameter because we take advantage of the storage and release of elastic energy in the musculotendinous unit to improve muscle power and jump height. (51)

So release joint and muscle stiffness increases compliance, improves elastic loading and increases potential stiffness.

Training the abdominals from all 6 directions improves spring stiffness and efficiency. (26)

91

92This will cause the wrong kind of stiffness

93Dynamic Plyometric-Impact StretchingPlyometric impulsive stretching, which involves rapid termination of eccentric loading followed by a brief isometric phase and an explosive rebound belying and stored elastic energy and powerful reflex muscle contraction. This stretch shortening action is not intended to increase range of motion, but to use specific stretching phenomena and to increase speed strength of movement for a specific sporting purpose.

DECELERATION LANDING

94

NEUTRAL LANDING

95

ACCELERATION LANDING

96

9785 year old patientHas a 35 year

Thank Dr Goldman, Dr Klatz, Dr _____ and the team of organizers for allowing me to share with you the discoveries I have made with the amazing human spring

Id like to thank you, the audience and the hard working ladies in the back who translated this lecture for the audience

Gracias!