“kavkasionidan gamomdinare mraval nakaduls

uCinari oqros qviSa Camoaqvs. adgilobrivi

macxovreblebi mdinareSi sqelmatyliani cxvris

tyavebs deben da agroveben qviSas, romelic

am tyavze rCeba. albaT, amgvarive iyo aietis

sawmisic” (apaine, “miTridates omebi”). berZeni

da romaeli mwerlebis mier aRwerili oqros

mopovebis es wesi dRemde Semoinaxa saqarTveloSi,

kerZod, svaneTSi. oqros sawmisi, romlis

mosapoveblad iasonis meTaurobiT eladis

saukeTeso gmirebma argonavtebma “yvelasTvis

sanukvari argoTi” (homerosi, “odisea”)

ganaxorcieles berZenTa pirveli Soreuli

sazRvao eqspedicia, kolxeTis mefe aieti -

heliosis vaJi da oqros sawmisis mflobeli, kolxi

princesa - grZneuli medea, romelic evripides

mier Seqmnili sakuTari Svilebis mkvlelis saxis

Semdeg erT-erT yvelaze dramatul personaJad

iqca evropul kulturaSi _ rom ara kolxeTis

arqeologiuri aRmoCenebi, yovelive es mxolod

argonavtebis miTad darCeboda, romelic

mraval cnobil literaturul nawarmoebsa da

xelovnebis nimuSs daedo safuZvlad. swored im

periodSi, roca argonavtebis miTiuri laSqroba

ivaraudeba, e. i. Zv. w. II aTaswleulis meore

naxevarSi, iseTi kultura, rogoric dasavleT

saqarTvelos teritoriazea gamovlenili

yvela mTavari maxasiaTebliT (arqiteq tura,

TviTmyofadi keramika, brinjaos nawarmi da a. S.),

mTel SavizRvispireTSi sxvagan arsad dasturdeba.

Zv. w. III aTaswleulis meore naxevrisa da Zv. w. I

aTaswleulis pirveli naxevris kolxuri kultura

da rac mTavaria, misi organuli nawili

სამკაული ოქროს საწმისის ქვეყნიდან

Gold Necklace, Vani, mid-5th century B.C.

84

_ kolxeTSi auracxeli raodenobiT aRmoCenili

oqros samkauli, cxadyofs, Tu ratom daukavSires

berZnebma oqros sawmisi SavizRvispireTSi mdebare

swored am qveyanas, romelsac isini jer kidev Zv. w.

VIII saukunidan moyolebuli “kolxidas” uwodeben.

kolxuri oqros samkauli, romelmac antikur

samyaroSi daimkvidra sakuTari adgili berZnuli,

aqemeniduri (sparsuli), etruskuli da skviTuri

samkaulis gverdiT, xolo dRes, msoflios wamyvan

muzeumebSi organizebuli gamofenebis cikliT

milionobiT mnaxvels gaacno saqarTvelo rogorc

oqros sawmisis qveyana, mxolod erT-erTi etapia

qarTuli oqromWedlobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi.

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis simon

janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos muzeumSi 2011

wels gaixsna ukanaskneli wlebis aRmoCenebiT

gamdidrebuli da ganaxlebuli mudmivmoqmedi

gamofena “arqeologiuri saganZuri”, sadac

mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili

da rac mTavaria, umeteswilad adgilobrivad

damzadebuli oqrosa da vercxlis samkauliT,

agreTve sxva ZvirfaseulobiT warmodgenilia

qarTuli oqromWedlobis ganviTarebis gza Zv. w. III

aTaswleulidan - ax. w. IV saukunemde.

saqarTvelo ara mxolod oqromWedlobis mdidari

tradiciebis mqone qveyanaa, aramed oqros samTo

wesiT mopovebis uZveles keradaa miCneuli.

qvemo qarTlSi, adgil saydrisSi gamovlenili

oqros maRaroebi, romlebic iqve aRmoCenili

qvis iaraRebisa da keramikis safuZvelze Zv. w.

IV aTaswleulis dasasruliTa da III aTaswleulis

dasawyisiT TariRdeba, naxevari aTaswleuliT

win uswrebs egviptis aRmosavleT udabnos oqros

maRaroebs.

didi raodenobiT oqrosa da vercxlis samkaulis

sxvadasxva formebi - yelsabamebi, sakinZebi,

samajurebi, sasafeTqle xviebi, beWdebi _

saqarTvelos teritoriaze pirvelad Zv. w. III

aTaswelulis meore naxevridan Cndeba da isini ukve

gamoirCeva rogorc teqnikuri, aseve mxatvruli

Sesrulebis maRali doniT. maTze gamoyenebuli

ornamentuli saxeebi mzis simbolikas ukavSirdeba.

Tavad oqroc mziur liTonadaa miCneuli astralur

religiebSi. oqrosa da vercxlis samkauli,

agreTve oqromWedlobis sxva nimuSebi yvelaze

naTlad metyvelebs im erTi piris maRal socialur

statusze, romelsac gansakuTrebuli pativiT

uzarmazar yorRanul samarxSi krZalavdnen.

dakrZalvis am wesis gamo ewoda “didi yorRanebis

kultura” Zv. w. III aTaswleulis meore naxevarsa da

Zv. w. II aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebul kulturas.

saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili oqros uZvelesi

samkauli garkveul msgavsebas avlens uris, uruqis,

trois, mikenis cnobil nimuSebTan, Tumca zusti

paralelebi mas arsad eZebneba.

qarTuli oqromWedlobis aRorZinebis xanaa Zv.

w. VIII-VI saukuneebi, roca Zvirfasi liTonebisgan

damzadebuli samkauli saqarTvelos vrcel

teritoriaze dasturdeba. oqros da vercxlis

mxatvruli damuSavebis wamyvani xerxia granulacia.

am epoqaSi iRebs saTaves tipiuri kolxuri diadema

da sxivana sayureebi, romlebmac ganviTarebis

umaRles safexurs antikur xanaSi miaRwia.

Gold Bracelets, Vani, mid-5th century B.C.

85

Gold Temple Ornaments, Vani, second half of 4th century B.C.

86

Bracelet (gold, almandine, lapis lazuli, malachite), Armaziskhevi, Mtskheta, 3rd -4th centuries A.D.

Necklace (gold, garnets, turquoise), Armaziskhevi, Mtskheta, 2nd century A.D.

kolxeTis samefos politikur-administraciuli

centrebis - sairxisa da vanis Zv. w. V-IV

saukuneebis samarxebSi adgilobrivi

oqormWedlobis nimuSebi aTasobiTaa aRmoCenili.

ara mxolod raodenobiT, aramed mxatvruli

RirebulebiT kolxuri oqros samkauli cxadyofs,

Tu ratom ixsenieba berZnul wyaroebSi

simdidriT ganTqmuli qalaqebis mikenis, sardisa

da babilonis msgavsad kolxeTi epiTetiT -

“oqromravali”.

tradiciebi, romelTa safuZvelze saqarTvelos

teritoriaze saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

iqmneboda oqros samkauli, Tavs iCens iberiul

oqromWedlobaSi. Zv. w. III saukuneSi Seqmnilma

qarTlis samefom _ iberiam, rogorc mas

berZnul-romauli werilobiTi wyaroebi

moixsenieben, gansakuTrebul politikur da

ekonomikur Zlierebas ax. w. II - III saukuneebSi

miaRwia. warCinebulTa samarxebSi aRmoCenili

oqromWedlobis nimuSebi naTlad asaxavs

qarTlis samefos aRmavlobas, romlis erT-erTi

ganmsazRvreli faqtori mxatvruli xelosnobis

sxvadasxva dargebis, maT Soris, oqromWedlobis

dawinureba gaxda. gare samyarosTan, kerZod

iranTan da romTan mWidro kulturuli

urTierTobebis fonze iberielma ostatebma

ganaviTares feradi qvebiT morTuli samkaulis

sakuTari stili, romelic male gavrcelda

saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze.

87