საქართველოს სამოქალაქო საპროცესო...

Tengiz liluaSvilivaleri xrustali

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

saproceso kodeqsis

k o m e n t a r i

miRebulia 1997 wlis 14 noembers.amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan.

(2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT)

meore gadamuSavebuli da Sesworebuli gamocema

gamomcemloba `samarTali~

Tbilisi 2007

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

II

komentari moamzades:Tengiz liluaSvilma, valeri xrustalma

© Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali© gamomcemloba `samarTali~

ISBN 978-99940-807-3-1

III

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

winaTqma

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, ro-melic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, agebulia dis-poziciurobisa da SejibrebiTobis principebis sru-li gaTvaliswinebiT da Seicavs iseT normebsac, rom-lebic adre moqmed samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsTanSedarebiT gansxvavebulad awesrigeben ama Tu im sap-roceso moqmedebas, samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvasTandakavSirebiT wamoWril saproceso urTierTobebs. amaxali normebis WeSmariti azrisa da Sinaarsis gark-vevaSi daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, jer kidev kodeq-sis amoqmedebis sawyis etapze gamoica Tengiz lilu-aSvilis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `samoqalaqosaqmeTa warmoeba sasamarTloSi~, aseve Tengiz lilu-aSvilis da valeri xrustalis praqtikuli saxelmZR-vanelo ̀ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqti-ka udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dad-genis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqsis 310-316-e muxlebis komentari~, romlebicsamoqalaqo procesis calkeuli institutebis mixed-viT komentars warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, samo-qalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gamoyenebis praqtikamgviCvena muxlobrivi komentaris SemuSavebisa da ga-mocemis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba.

komentarze muSaobis dros erT-erTi yvelaze rTu-li problema, romelic avtorebis winaSe idga, esaa imsakiTxebis rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad gan-sazRvra, romlebic SeiZleba wamoiWras ama Tu im mux-lis gamoyenebisas. yvelaze qmediTi daxmareba am prob-lemis daZlevaSi SeeZlo sasamarTlo praqtikas, rom-lis monacemebs iTvaliswineben avtorebi. amasTan er-Tad, cxovrebam SeiZleba iseTi sakiTxebic wamoWras,

pirveli gamocemis


IV

romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.yoveli SeniSvna, winadadeba Tu rekomendacia, romleb-sac mkiTxveli mogvawvdis, dagvexmareba Semdgomi ga-mocemis momzadebisas da avtorebis mier didi madli-erebiT iqneba miRebuli.

wigni gaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTleebisaTvis,advokatebisaTvis, iuridiuli umaRlesi saswavleb-lebis studentebisaTvis, aspirantebisa da pedago-gebisaTvis, agreTve, samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebiTdainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.

V


meore gamocemis winaTqma

am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise dididroa gasuli, magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSiSetanili iqna mravali cvlileba da damateba. escvlilebebi da damatebebi ganpirobebuli iyoZiriTadad calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTaSesrulebisa da, mTlianad, samoqalaqo saqmissasamarTloSi warmoebis gamartivebiT, xarveziTkanonmdeblobaSi, romelic gamovlinda samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsis normaTa praqtikuladgamoyenebis procesSi, cvlilebebiT sasamarTlosistemaSi, kerZod saolqo sasamarTloebis gauqmebiTda raionuli sasamarTloebis gamsxvilebiT,magistrati mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis SemoRebiT. rigSemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Setaniliiqna principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi, rogoricaamagaliTad sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sruliadaxali wanamZRvrebis sakanonmdeblo wesiTdamkvidreba, cvlilebebi kerZo saCivris ganxilviswesebSi da a.S. cvlilebebi Seexo aramarto calkeulmuxlebs da am muxlebiT damkvidrebul debulebebs.kodeqsSi Sevida axali Tavebi, rogoricaa „Tavi XLI1,dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena” da Tavi XLIV1.„warmoeba reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris anadamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa dasaxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT”. samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos isic, rom zogierTicvlileba da damateba ar iyo yovelmxriv da

srulyofilad gaazrebuli proeqtis avtorebis mier,

razec naTlad metyvelebs kanonmdeblisdausrulebeli zrunva kvlav Seitanos cvlileba da


VI

damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxanganicades aseTi cvlileba. am komentaris avtorebs miaCniaT, rom SeiZleba arces komentari aRmoCndes mTlad unaklo da uxarvezo,magram darwmunebuli varT, igi garkveul daxmarebasaRmouCens sasamarTlos da sxva praqtikuldawesebulebaTa muSakebs samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqsis calkeuli normebisa da debulebebis azrisada Sinaarsis sworad gagebaSi. gamovTqvamT imeds, rom mkiTxveli mogvawvdis TavisSeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs, rac did daxmarebasgagviwevs Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da

madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli avtorebis mier.

VII


Sinaarsi

pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IVmeore gamocemis winaTqma .................................................... VI

Sinaarsi ............................................................................ VIII-XXIX

wigni pirvelizogadi debulebani .................................................... 1

kari pirvelisasamarTlo ....................................................................... 1

T a v i IsamarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani ........1muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero ................................................................. 1muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva ................................. 3muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi .............................................. 3muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi .................................................. 7muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasa- marTlos mier moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis sawyisebze ................................................................................9muxli 6. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi damorCileba ................................................. 10muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis analogia ................................. 13muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqarTvelos saxeliT 16muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis saqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebis ena ...................................................... 16muxli 10. sasamrTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba 20

T a v i IIuwyebrivi qvemdebareoba ........................................ 22muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba sasamarTloebisadmi ......................................................... 22muxli 12. davis gadacema gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis 24

T a v i IIIgansjadoba ..................................................................... 27


VIII

muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi .......................................................... 27muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi ................................................................................... 29muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba ........................................................... 32muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba ....................................... 36muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili (qonebrivi gansjadoba) ................................................... 39muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba .................................................. 40muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis gansjadoba ....................................... 41muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis arCeviT ................................ 42muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb ................................. 43muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis dacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva ................................................................................. 45muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi sasamarTlosaTvis ....... 46muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis dauSvebloba ................ 48

T a v i IVsasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba ........... 49muxli 25. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba .......................................... 49muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi. .................................................................... 50muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi .................................................................. 53muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba ................................................... 55muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT monawileobis dauSvebloba ........................................... 56muxli 30. sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis daSvebis akrZalva ............................................................... 57muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva safuZvlebi ................ 58muxli 32. TviTacileba ........................................................................ 61muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb ...................... 61muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis gadawyvetis wesi ............. 63muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acilebis safuZveli ........................................ 68muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................................................................... 69

T a v i Vprocesis xarjebi ........................................................ 70muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra .......................................................... 70muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi ................................................................ 71muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ............................................ 72

IX


muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76muxli 41. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi ......................... 78muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra .................. 81muxli 43. amoRebulia .......................................................................... 82muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ....... 82muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxebi ...................... 84muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba ................................................................87muxli 47. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mier .............................. 92muxli 48. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobis Semcireba ........................................................... 94muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis Semcireba .................... 95muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba .......................................................................... 97muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalis moZebna ................................... 98muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo xarjebis winaswari Setana ...................................................................................... 99muxli 53.sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris100muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba sarCelze uaris Tqmisa da morigebisas ....................................... 103muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvis sasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba ....................................................................... 104muxli 56. amoRebulia ........................................................................ 105

T a v i VIsaproceso uzrunvelyofa ................................... 106muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia ........................................... 106muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna .......................... 108

T a v i VIIsaproceso vadebi ...................................................... 110muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ............... 110muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla ......................................... 112muxli 61. saproceso vadis damTavreba ..................................... 114muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba ........................................... 115muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlis Sedegebi .......................... 116muxli 64. saproceso vadis gagrZeleba ..................................... 117muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena ............................................. 118muxli 66. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb .. 119muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis forma da Sinaarsi ........................................................... 120


X

muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva .............................................................................. 120muxli 69. saproceso vadis aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba ...................... 121

T a v i VIIIsasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba ........ 122muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba ............................................................ 122muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba ......................................... 125muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebis Sinaarsi .................................... 127muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebis gagzavna .................................... 128muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi ... 132muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ...................................... 134muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis warmoebis dros .......... 135muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba TanamonawilisaTvis ................... 136muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis daudgenloba ........... 137 uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro komentaris avtorTa rekomendaciebi ............ 138-141

kari meoremxareebi .......................................................................... 142

T a v i IXmxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da

qmedunarianoba ................................................... 142muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi ................................. 142muxli 80. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba ......... 144muxli 81. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba ............... 146muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba dacvaze ....................... 149muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxaris saproceso warmomadgeneli procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli) ............................. 149muxli 83. mxareTa saproceso uflebebi .................................... 152muxli 831 mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba ...................155muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis Secvla ............................. 157muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis Secvla ................................ 160

T a v i Xsaproceso Tanamonawileoba .............................. 162muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi ................................. 162muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi ................... 166

T a v i XImesame pirebi ................................................................ 168

XI


muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT ........................................................................... 168muxli 89. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe ............................................................. 170muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT ....................................................................... 173muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso uflebebi ....................... 175muxli 92. saproceso uflebamonacvleoba ............................... 175

T a v i XIIwarmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi ..................... 182muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ........ 182muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 184muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 186muxli 96. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis gaformeba .. 186muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati .................... 190muxli 98. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ........................... 191muxli 99. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta marwmuneblis mier .......................................................... 194muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari Tavis uflebamosilebaze .....................................................195muxli 101. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi ..................................... 196

kari mesamesasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi .............................. 200

T a v i XIIImtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba ...... 200muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba ....................................................................... 200muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba ...................................... 204muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTa miuRebloba .................................. 205muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ......................................... 207muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas ... 209muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani ............................................. 211muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi ............ 213

T a v i XIVmtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa ...................... 215muxli 109. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................. 215


XII

muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde ........................................................... 216muxli 111. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 217muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 218muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................ 220muxli 114. specialistis monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis dros ............................................... 221muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi .......................................................... 222muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna 223muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi uzrunvelyofa .............................................................. 224muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebis wesi .................................... 225muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotanili ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 226

T a v i XVadgilze daTvaliereba ......................................... 227muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba ............................................... 227muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb .............................................. 228muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba ......................... 230muxli 123. specialistis monawileoba adgilze daTvalierebaSi .............................................................. 230muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile pirTa ufleba- movaleobebi ..................................................................... 231muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis Sinaarsi ................................ 232muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva .............................................................................. 233

T a v i XVImxareTa axsna-ganmarteba ..................................... 234muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba ......................... 234muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 236muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsna- ganmartebis miReba ....................................................... 238muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi ............................... 239muxli 131. aRiareba ............................................................................ 240

XIII


muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba mxaris mier ...................... 243

T a v i XVIIwerilobiTi mtkicebuleba .................................. 245muxli 134. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis wesi ................................................................ 245muxli 135. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena .. 247muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgenis savaldebulooba ...................................... 248muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb .................. 251muxli 138. werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris wardgena da maTi daTvaliereba Senaxvis adgilze .............. 254muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva da dabruneba .............. 254

T a v i XVIIImowmeTa Gveneba .......................................................... 256muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba .......................................................... 256muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed ................................................................................ 257muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba ................ 258muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad ........................... 259muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebis micemaze ............................................................ 261muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba .......................................................... 262muxli 146. mowmis ufleba ................................................................ 263muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze ............... 264muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva ............................................................. 265muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba .................................................................. 267muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba ................... 268muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze ................................. 269muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva ......................... 269muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba .......................................... 270

T a v i XIXnivTieri mtkicebuleba ......................................... 274muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani, maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi ................................................................. 274muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac unda waredginos nivTieri mtkicebuleba ................................................ 275muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba 276


XIV

muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze uaris Tqma .................................................. 278muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ...................... 279muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvaliereba ................................................................. 280muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva ........................... 281muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dabruneba .................... 282

T a v i XXeqspertis daskvna ..................................................... 284muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna .................................................. 284muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ............ 286muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertis daniSvna ................................. 288muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebis adgili ............................... 289muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebis wesi specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ....................................... 289muxli 167. eqspertizis Catareba arasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ............................................................... 290muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi da movaleobebi ................... 291muxli 169. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segroveba ...................................................... 294muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma da Sinaarsi ................ 295muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnis Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvis micemis wesi .................................................. 297muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba .................................... 298muxli 173. damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna .............................................................................. 299muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebis dabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis ......................................................... 300muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis mier ................................... 301muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo ............................................... 302

wigni meoresaqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciissasamarTloSi ............................................................. 304

kari meoTxesasarCelo warmoeba ................................................. 304

T a v i XXIsaqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT ...... 304muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra .................................................................. 304muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi ........................................................ 305

XV


muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli ..................................................... 310muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 312muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa ........................................................................... 313muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis vada .............................................................. 317muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis ....................... 318muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineha da sarCelis ukan dabruneba ......................................................................... 320muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma ................................ 321muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 326

T a v i XXIISegebebuli sarGeli ................................................. 329muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra ................................... 329muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi .............. 331muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo ................................................................... 334

T a v i XXIIIsarGelis uzrunvelyofa ....................................... 335muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb . 335muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde ......................... 338muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ...................................... 339muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ..... 340muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba ........................................................................ 342muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis Secvla meoriT .............................................................................. 343muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 344muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ........................ 346muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi ............. 350muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba .................................................................... 353muxli 1991. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba ................................................... 356


XVI

T a v i XXIVsaqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavarsxdomaze gansaxilvelad ...................................... 358muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani ........................................... 358muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi mopasuxisadmi ............ 360muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis ............................................................ 362muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle saqmis momzadebis mizniT ........................................... 364muxli 204. specialistis mowveva ................................................. 367muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvna ........................... 369muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba ....................................................... 370muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb ........................................................... 371muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 373muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta da sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis momzadebis dros ............................................................ 374

T a v i XXVsasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma ............................. 376muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis dawyeba ................ 376muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebaTa savaldebulooba ................................... 378muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba ............................................................ 379muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba .. 386muxli 214. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da acilebis uflebis ganmarteba ................................. 387muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva ............................................................................ 389muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba da gagrZeleba .......... 393muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba ........................................... 396muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva ........................................................ 399muxli 218. moqmedeba romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa morigebis mizniT ......................................... 401muxli 219. axal garemoebebze miTiTeba .................................... 402muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba gamocxadebuli pirisagan ........................................................................... 403muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi ....................................................... 404muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 405muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba .................. 405

XVII


muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi ........................ 407muxli 225. warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ........... 408muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis damTavreba ............ 409muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba .......................................................... 410muxli 228. replika ............................................................................. 411

T a v i XXVIdauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ............................ 413muxli 229. mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba ................................ 413muxli 230. mopasuxis gamoucxadebloba .................................... 415muxli 231. orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba .............................. 418muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxaris uari monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi ...... 419muxli 233. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSvebloba .............................................. 420muxli 234. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............ 422muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis gagzavna ............................ 423muxli 236. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ...... 423muxli 237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada ..................................................................................... 424muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi .......................................................... 424muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba saCivris miRebis Semdeg ................................................................................. 426muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba ................................................ 427muxli 241. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi ...................................................................... 430muxli 242. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ..... 431

T a v i XXVIIsasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .............................. 432muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba .......................................... 432muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda gadawydes gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros .......................... 433muxli 245. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba .................................. 434muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetileba ............. 436muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibeba ............................... 437muxli 248. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis farglebi ........ 438muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ......................................... 439muxli 250. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba ................................................................... 443muxli 251. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis gansazRvra. aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa .............. 444


XVIII

muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ............................. 444muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis mikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb .................... 445muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas ................. 446muxli 255. gadawyvetileba saxelmwifo organoebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb ...... 447muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime mosarCelis sasargeblod an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg 449muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gadadeba ................. 450muxli 258. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 453muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis gagzavna mxareebisaTvis ................................................................ 453muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi usworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuli Secdomebis gasworeba .................... 454muxli 261. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba ..................................... 455muxli 262. gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba .................................... 459muxli 263. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba an ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla ................................................................................ 461

T a v i XXVIIIsasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieriZala. gadawyvetilebis dauyovneblivaRsruleba ..................................................................... 464muxli 264. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla ................................................................................ 464muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla ........................................................ 466muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi ............................................................. 467muxli 267. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba ............ 468muxli 2671. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis wesi ............................................................ 469muxli 2672. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba ......................................................................... 470muxli 268. dauyovnebliv aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi ......................................................... 472muxli 269. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ..... 475

XIX


muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ................................................ 476muxli 271. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa . 476

T a v i XXIXsaqmis warmoebis damTavrebagadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSe................ 478muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta ......................................... 478muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 481muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 482muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ........................ 483muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................ 486muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis dadgena sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis dros ............................... 487muxli 278. ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiT wardgena .................................................. 487

T a v i XXXsaqmis warmoebis SeGereba .................................... 488muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba ............................................................................ 488muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba ........................................................................ 491muxli 281. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebi ........................ 493muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 495muxli 283. saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ...................................... 495

T a v i XXXIsasamarTlo ganGineba ............................................ 497muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana ..................................................... 497muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi ...................................................... 500muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis 501

T a v i XXXIIsasamarTlo oqmi ....................................................... 502muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulooba ........................... 502muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi ................................................................ 503muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa da gaformebis wesi ...................... 505muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerili oqmi ............................... 507muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan dakavSirebiT ........... 507


XX

kari mexuTegamartivebuli warmoeba ....................................... 509

T a v i XXXIIITamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZrulisarGelebis ganxilva ................................................ 509muxli 292. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 509muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena ...................................................... 510muxli 294. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 511muxli 295. vada uwyebis Cabarebidan sasamarTlo sxdomamde ......................................................................... 511muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi ............................................................. 512muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma ........................................................................ 513muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvris dauSvebloba ........................... 513muxli 299. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis daTqma .............. 514muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba ..................................... 515muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoeba ...... 516

T a v i XXXIVdavalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmisganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 518muxli 302. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 518muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 519muxli 304. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 522muxli 305. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ............................. 522muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba ......................................................... 523muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli (protesti) .......................... 525muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT ................................................................................... 526muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba ............................... 528

T a v i XXXIVI

lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSilizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmisganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 529muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba ................................................................... 529muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ............................................................................. 530

XXI


muxli 309 3. gansjadoba .................................................................... 531muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datoveba .......................... 532muxli 309 5. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ......................... 533muxli 309 6. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba .. 534muxli 309 7. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gasaCivreba ................................................. 534

kari meeqvseudavo warmoeba .......................................................... 536

T a v i XXXVzogadi debulebani .................................................. 536muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli saqmeebi .................................................. 536muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilva ........... 537

T a v i XXXVIiuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebisdadgena ........................................................................... 540muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier gansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................ 540muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi .................... 544muxli 3131. administraciuli organos pasuxismgebloba .. 547muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 548muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 549muxli 316. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................. 550

T a v i XXXVIImoqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakarguladaRiareba da moqalaqis gardacvliladgamocxadeba ................................................................. 553muxli 317. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 553muxli 318. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 554


XXII

muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 555muxli 320. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 556muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi .............................................................................. 557

T a v i XXXVIIImoqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad daqmeduunarod aRiareba ........................................... 559muxli 322. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 559muxli 323. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 561muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT ........................... 562muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 563muxli 326. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo ..................................................................................... 565muxli 327. SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba ........................ 566

T a v i XXXIXdakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlofasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasianqaRaldze uflebis aRdgena ................................ 568muxli 328. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 568muxli 329. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 570muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 571muxli 331. publikacia ...................................................................... 572muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis gancxadeba ............................. 573muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ...... 573muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna gansaxilvelad .............................. 575muxli 335. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo ..................................................................................... 576muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba aRZras sarCeli qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb .................... 576

T a v i XLLqonebis upatronod cnoba .................................... 578muxli 337. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 578muxli 338. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 578muxli 339. publikacia ...................................................................... 579

XXIII


muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT dacva .................................................................................. 580muxli 341. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 581

T a v i XLLIsawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebuliamuxli 342-348 amoRebulia .......................................................... 583

T a v i XLLIISvilad ayvana .............................................................. 583muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb ....................... 583muxli 350. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 584muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ................................. 586

T a v i XLLII1

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena ............ 588muxli 3511. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis wesi ...... 588muxli 3512. gancxadebis Setana gansjad sasamarTloSi ...... 588muxli 3513. gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 590muxli 3514. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ..................................... 592muxli 3515. sasamarTlos ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ...................................... 595muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba .................................................................. 597

kari meSvidesaojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidanwarmoSobili da reketuli qonebisCamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvisgadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebisganxilvis Taviseburebani ...................................... 598

T a v i XLLIIIsaojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvisTaviseburebani .....................................................................598muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero ........................................................ 598muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba .......................... 598muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos iniciativiT ...................................................................... 599


XXIV

muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba ................. 600muxli 356. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb ...................... 602

T a v i XLLIV

amoRebulia.............................................. 603

T a v i XLLIV1

warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaroswevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebisCamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvisgadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ............................... 604muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba .................................................. 604muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketulil an qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze .............................................................................. 607muxli 3563. qonebis cnoba reketulad, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba .......................................... 610muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba .......................................... 614muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeb- lad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi ........................... 615muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ................................ 618

wigni mesamesasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTagasaCivreba ................................................................... 620

kari merveapelacia ......................................................................... 620

T a v i XLLVapelaciis dasaSveboba .......................................... 620muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris Setana ..................................... 620muxli 365. saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba ......................... 622muxli 366. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba .............................. 624muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic SeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana .............................................................. 626muxli 368. saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ................................ 627

XXV


muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada ........................ 632muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma ................. 634muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi .. 635

T a v i XLLVIsaqmis warmoeba saapelaciosasamarTloSi ............................................................. 636muxli 372. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 636muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ............................ 636muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .. 640muxli 375. saapelacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi .................... 642muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 644muxli 377. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 645muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma ......................... 648muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ........................... 649muxli 380. axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi ........................ 652muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 654muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva .................................... 655muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 656

T a v i XLLVIIsaapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba . 659muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 659muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ....................... 660muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ........ 662muxli 387. mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi ................... 664muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna ................................................ 666muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............................................................................. 667muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sinaarsi . 670

kari mecxrekasacia ............................................................................ 673

T a v i XLLVIIIkasaciis dasaSveboba .............................................. 673muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 673muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis ............................. 683muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba ................................................................... 687


XXVI

muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi .............................. 688muxli 394. sakasacio saCivris absoluturi safuZvlebi .. 692muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 698muxli 396. sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi .................................... 699muxli 397. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada ............................ 704muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavna sakasacio sasamarTloSi ...... 707

T a v i XLLIXsaqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi ... 708muxli 399. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 708muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze ............. 709muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba ...... 710muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi ....................... 712muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 713muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 714muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari .............................. 718muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 719muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli ........................ 720muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 724

T a v i LLsakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba .... 728muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 728muxli 410. uari sakasacio saCivarze ......................................... 729muxli 411. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ............ 730muxli 412. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ............................................. 731muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba ................................................. 734

kari meaTekerZo saCivari ............................................................ 735

T a v i LLIkerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilviswesi .................................................................................... 735muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana ................................................. 735muxli 415. kerZo saCivris forma .................................................. 736muxli 416. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada .................................... 737muxli 417. kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ......................... 738muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis Sedegi ................................ 738muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo saCivris Taobaze ............ 739

XXVII


muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi ................................ 741

kari meTerTmetesaqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ................................. 743

T a v i LLIIgancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebisSesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi ........................... 743muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi .................... 743muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb .............................................. 745muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ..................... 748muxli 424. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 751muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi ........................................... 753muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada .......................................... 753muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................... 757muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis ganxilvisagan ................................................................. 759muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .................... 760muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 761muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva .............................................................. 763muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba .................................... 763

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavalida daskvniTi debulebani ..................................... 765muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba ........................................................................ 765muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa ...... 765muxli 435. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi ............................................................ 765muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde sasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidev daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva ... 766muxli 437. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 767muxli 438. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 768muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloTa gansjadoba ......................................... 768


XXVIII

muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqo procesSi .................................................. 768muxli 441. ................................................................................................ 769muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaze warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis ganxilva ...... 769muxli 443. saapelacio saCivris ganxilva erTpirovnulad...................................................................770

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saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

wigni pirveli

zogadi debulebani

kari pirveli

sasamarTlo

T a v i I

samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani

muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero

1. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi sa-moqalaqo saqmeebs ganixilaven am kodeqsiTdadgenili wesebis mixedviT.2. samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba xorci-

eldeba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, rom-lebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeu-li saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis ansasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisdros.

1. pirveli muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sa-moqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogadwess, romlis Tanaxmad aseT saqmeebs saerTo sasamarT-loebi ganixilaven. saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebriviqvemdebareobis sakiTxi ufro konkretulad Camoyali-bebulia me-11 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

aqve gansazRvrulia samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarT-loSi ganxilvis wesi _ saerTo sasamarTloebma saqmeTaganxilvis dros unda ixelmZRvanelon mxolod samo-qalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiT.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa gan-xilvis esa Tu is wesi gansazRvros sxva romelime ka-nonma, maT Soris samoqalaqo kodeqsma, sagadasaxadokodeqsma, Sromis kodeqsma da a. S. Tu es wesebi ar See-sabameba an ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo saproceso ko-


2

deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebu-li, maSin gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiTgansazRvruli wesebi.

_ sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon isic,rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 pun-qtis Sesabamisad, Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsisesa Tu is norma ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos saerTa-Soriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, maSin gamoiye-neba am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT Tu SeTanxmebiTgansazRvruli wesi.

2. pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqa-laqo saproceso kodeqsis moqmedebas droSi. aq dam-kvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad samoqalaqosaproceso kanons ukuqceviTi Zala ar aqvs.

es imas niSnavs, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoebasasamarTloSi xorcieldeba im saproceso kanonmdeb-lobis mixedviT, romelic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis,calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Tu ga-dawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. igive principi dam-kvidrebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis garda-mavali debulebebis 435-e muxliT.

_ praqtikuli daskvna, romelic am principidan ga-momdinareobs, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: Tu sarCelis aR-Zvra moxda da saqmis warmoeba gaixsna axali samoqala-qo saproceso kanonis amoqmedebamde, xolo Semdeg mi-Rebul iqna axali kanoni (kodeqsi), sasamarTlom undagamoiyenos es axali kanoni (kodeqsi), damoukideb-lad imisa, saqmis warmoebis gaxsna da, SeiZleba, am saq-mis ganxilvac daiwyo Tu ara Zveli saproceso kanonm-deblobis moqmedebis pirobebSi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi is saproceso moqmedeba, romelicSesrulda Zveli kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad,CaiTvleba marTlzomierad (Sesrulebulad) da am moq-medebis ganmeorebiT Sesruleba axali kanoniT dadge-nili wesiT _ dauSvebelia. xolo iseTi saproceso moq-medebebi, romlebic axali kanonmdeblobis amoqmede-bis pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes, Sesruldeba ara

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Zveli, aramed am axali kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesa-bamisad.

muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva

1. yoveli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofiliauflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva. saqmisganxilvas sasamarTlo Seudgeba im pirisgancxadebiT, romelic mimarTavs mas Tavisiuflebis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli in-teresebis dasacavad.2. gancxadebis miRebasa da saqmis ganxil-

vaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxo-lod am kodeqsiT dadgenili safuZvlebiTada wesiT.

1. me-2 muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia pi-ris umniSvnelovanesi ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlosTavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dacvis miz-niT (sarCelis ufleba saproceso samarTlebriviTvalsazrisiT). sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, namdvilad darR-veulia Tu ara piris ufleba da marTla aucilebeliaTu ara am uflebis dacva _ es aris sakiTxi, romelicunda gairkves saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad _ sasamarTlogadawyvetilebiT.

2. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs uari uTxras pirs sar-Celis (gancxadebis) miRebaze da ganxilvaze, e. i. ufle-bis dacvaze, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebu-li SemTxvevebisa (180-e, 185-e da 186-e muxlebi).

muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi

1. mxareebi iwyeben saqmis warmoebas sasa-marTloSi, am kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli we-sebis Sesabamisad, sarCelis an gancxadebisSetanis gziT. isini gansazRvraven davis


4

sagans da TviTonve iReben gadawyvetile-bas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb.2. mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba mo-

rigebiT daamTavron. mosarCeles SeuZliauari Tqvas sarCelze, xolo mopasuxes _cnos sarCeli.

1. dispoziciurobis principi samoqalaqo saproce-so samarTalSi niSnavs mxareTa Tavisuflebas gankar-gon TavianTi materialuri da saproceso uflebe-bi. am principebzea agebuli samoqalaqo saproceso ka-nonmdebloba. uflebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi mimar-Tva TviT dainteresebuli piris neba-survilzea da-mokidebuli. misi nebis gareSe aravis ar aqvs uflebamimarTos sasamarTlos. marTalia pirs SeuZlia awar-moos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlismeSveobiT, magram es arafers ar cvlis: piri TviToniRebs gadawyvetilebas aRZras sarCeli sasamarTlo-Si, magram praqtikulad sarCelis aRZvra, aseve mTlia-nad saqmis warmoeba mas SeuZlia miandos warmomadge-nels (93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda iyos weri-lobiTi formiT da unda pasuxobdes kanoniT gaTvalis-winebul moTxovnebs (178-e da 303-e muxlebi).

_ mxareebis mier davis sagnis gansazRvra _ dispo-ziciurobis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa. esimas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs gascdessasarCelo moTxovnis farglebs, Secvalos sarCelissagani an safuZveli, gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovnisodenoba. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs agreTve miakuT-vnos mxares Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT is, rac mas ar uT-xovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda (248-e muxli).

2. saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi mxare-Ta Soris warmoSobili dava gadawydeba aramarto iu-ridiulad, aramed faqtobrivad, maSin, rodesac Tudava sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gadaiWra, es marTa-lia aris am davis iuridiuli gadawyveta, magram faq-

5


tobrivad dava mxareebs Soris SeiZleba gagrZeldesda kidev ufro gamwvavdes. amitom, sasamarTlom yo-velTvis unda ecados, rom mxareTa Soris wamoWrilidava morigebiT daamTavros (205-e da 218-e muxlebi).

_ saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT mo-sarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma _ esaa materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqti, ise rogorc,vTqvaT, sakuTari nivTis gaCuqeba. sarCelze uarisTqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiTac, rom mosarCelesasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis procesSi darwmunde-ba Tavisi moTxovnis usafuZvlobaSi da a.S.

_ ra motiviTac ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli mosar-Celis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, mas ukavSirdeba me-tad seriozuli Sedegebi _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,ris Sedegadac mas samudamod erTmeva ufleba kvlavaRZras igive sarCeli sasamarTloSi imave mopasuxis mi-marT (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili). ganCinebaze saqmis war-moebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-tana. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa mori-gebis Tu sarCelze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi warmoebs54-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ sarCelze uaris Tqmisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sar-Celis gamoxmoba anu ukan gaTxova mosarCelis mier,rasac arc ise iSviaTad aqvs adgili praqtikaSi (831-emuxli).

sarCelis (gancxadebis) gamoxmobis dros mosarCe-le uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze, aramed mas ametapze ar surs am sarCelis sasamarTloSi ganxil-va. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoebis Sewy-veta 272-e muxlis ̀ g~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze dauSve-belia, radgan am safuZvliT saqmis warmoebis SewyvetaarTmevs mosarCeles uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamar-Tlos igive sarCeliT.1

_ sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis) uflebas ko-

1 aseTi, savsebiT swori da iuridiulad dasabuTebuli poziciaCamoayaliba sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis 24.IV.2002 wlis gan-CinebaSi. ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #7, gv. 1139.


6

deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamom-dinareobda am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan,romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve iReben gadawy-vetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb damaTve unda SeeZloT miiRon gadawyvetileba Setani-li sarCelis ukan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. saprocesokodeqss daemata 831 muxli, romlis Tanaxmad sarCelisgamoxmoba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, dasaSvebiamxolod mopasuxis TanxmobiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-Si sasamarTlom unda ganixilos sarCeli saerTo wesiT.

_ sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misimosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo xar-jebi, rac gaweuli iyo sarCelis gamoxmobamde, unda dae-kisros mosarCeles. cxadia, rom mosarCeles kvlav SeuZ-lia mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT 278-e muxlissafuZvelze (ix. 831 da 278-e muxlebis komentari).

_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobac warmoadgensdispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,kerZod, mopasuxis mier Tavisi materialur-samarT-lebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqts.

_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayo-filebis Sesaxeb. Tu mopasuxem sarCeli cno saqmis mom-zadebis stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac werilobiT acnoba sa-samarTlos (201-e da 205-e muxlebi), maSin sasamarTloniSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da gamoaqvs gadawyve-tileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (208-e mux-lis me-3 nawili). mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-kolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

Tu mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas adgili hqondasaqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, am SemTxveva-Sic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelisdakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

_ sarCelis cnoba (aRiareba) unda ganvasxvavoTfaqtis aRiarebisagan, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 131-emuxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

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sarCelis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRaramowmebs da afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.Tavis gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Se-saxeb igi afuZnebs mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas.

sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba unda moxdes 53-emuxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi

1. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs Sejib-rebiTobis safuZvelze. mxareebi sargeb-loben Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleb-lobebiT, daasabuTon TavianTi moTxovne-bi, uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxarismier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebe-bi Tu mtkicebulebebi. mxareebi TviTonvegansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi undadaedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an ro-meli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadas-turebuli es faqtebi.2. saqmis garemoebaTa gasarkvevad sasa-

marTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT mi-marTos am kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebul Ro-nisZiebebs.

samoqalaqo procesSi cnobilia faqtebis dadgeni-sa da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis garkvevis ori Zi-riTadi meTodi: pirveli _ esaa samZebro anu inkvizi-ciuri meTodi, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ver das-jerdeba mxareTa mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebsda TviTonaa valdebuli Tavisi iniciativiT Sekribosmtkicebulebebi, gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, miiRosyvela zoma mxareTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis da-sadgenad. es meTodi daedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos1964 wlis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqss. meore _ esaaSejibrebiTobis meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs mxare-Ta aqtiurobas da romlis mixedviT mtkicebis sagnis


8

gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkice-bis tvirTi mTlianad ekisreba mxareebs. sasamarTlosaqtivoba, misi iniciativiT mtkicebis procesSi CarevadasaSvebia im zomiT da farglebSi, rac gaTvaliswine-bulia am kodeqsiT. am meTodzea agebuli saqarTvelosaxali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.

1. SejibrebiToba niSnavs modave mxareTa Tanabar Se-saZleblobas gankargon faqtiuri garemoebebis dadge-nis saproceso saSualebebi, agreTve mxareTa uflebas,miuTiTon faqtebze TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageb-lis dasasabuTeblad (`faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi~) dawarmoadginon mtkicebulebebi am faqtebis dadasture-ba-damtkicebisaTvis (`faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi~).sasamarTlo SeboWilia aramarto mxareTa sasarCelomoTxovnis Tu Sesageblis farglebiT (248-e muxli), ara-med mxareTa miTiTebiT Tu romeli faqtebi unda dae-dos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs, an romeli mtkicebu-lebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi.

2. me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia sasamarTlosiniciativaze mtkicebis procesSi. magram sasamarTlosSeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa im farglebSi, ra farg-lebSic amas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvalis-winebs. magaliTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazosmxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT(103-e da 203-e muxli); sasamarTlos mixedulebazea da-mokidebuli romeli mtkicebuleba miiRos da romeliar miiRos (104-e muxli); sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciati-viT SeuZlia daadginos agreTve nivTieri da werilo-biTi mtkicebulebis adgilze daTvaliereba (120-e mux-li), daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli) da a. S.

kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisgarda (magaliTad, 350-e muxlis me-3 nawili) mtkicebu-lebaTa Segroveba mxareTa Suamdgomlobis gareSe Se-iZleba gaxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) acilebis sa-fuZveli (31-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ d~ qvepunqti).

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muxli 5. marTlmsajulebisganxorcieleba mxolodsasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTaTanasworobis sawyisebze

marTlmsajulebas samoqalaqo saqmeebzeaxorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlo kanonisada sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanas-worobis sawyisebze.

me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagandamoukidebeli principi: a) marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier; b) kanonis wina-Se yvela piris Tanasworoba; g) sasamarTlos winaSeyvela piris Tanasworoba.

_ saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlis Tanaxmad,sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitu-cio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadge-nili sxva formebis meSveobiT. amave konstituciis 83-e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmsajulebas axorcielebensaerTo sasamarTloebi.

amrigad, marTlmsajuleba ganekuTvneba gansakuT-rebul saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaTa kategorias, ro-melic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod saerTo sasa-marTloebma. Tavis mxriv, marTlmsajulebis ganxorci-eleba samoqalaqo saqmeebze niSnavs imas, rom sasamar-Tlom ganuxrelad unda ixelmZRvanelos saqmeTa gan-xilvis im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia samoqalaqosaproceso kanonmdeblobiT. samoqalaqo saqmeTa gan-xilva am wesebis ugulebelyofiT an am wesebidan arse-biTi gadaxveviT aRar iqneba marTlmsajuleba.

_ me-5 muxliT damkvidrebulia meore mniSvnelova-ni principi _ kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba.saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yve-la adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad ra-sisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politi-kuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da


10

socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi dawodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa.

kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi warmoadgenssocialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da politikuricxovrebis sferoebSi saerTo Tanasworobis konkre-tul gamovlinebas. kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba niSnavsimas, rom kanonis esa Tu is danawesi erTnairad undaiqnes gamoyenebuli da Sefardebuli mxareebis mimarT,damoukideblad imisa, Tu vin gvevlineba mxared _ fi-zikuri piri, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piri.

_ me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia kidev erTi principi_ sasamarTlos winaSe mxareTa Tanasworoba.

es principi gulisxmobs, jer erTi, imas rom mxare-ebs samoqalaqo procesSi ufleba aqvT mousminon, Turas amboben maT winaaRmdeg, meore, maT ufleba aqvTTviTon iqnan mosmenilni imis Sesaxeb, risi Tqmac un-daT rogorc mowinaaRmdege mxaris misamarTiT, ise Ta-visi Tavis dasacavad.

mxareTa sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis princi-pi niSnavs agreTve imasac, rom saqmis ganxilvis pro-cesSi orive mxares hqondes erTnairi saproceso uf-lebebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasa-buTeblad (83-e muxli).

muxli 6. mosamarTleTadamoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmidamorCileba

1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damouki-debelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTve-los konstituciasa da kanons. raime zemoq-medeba mosamarTleze an Careva mis saqmiano-baSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenismizniT akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT.2. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos

azriT, kanoni, romelic am saqmisaTvis un-da iqnes gamoyenebuli, ar Seesabameba an

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ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, sasamarTloSeaCerebs saqmis ganxilvas am sakiTxze sa-konstitucio sasamarTlos mier gadawyve-tilebis miRebamde, ris Semdegac saqmis gan-xilva ganaxldeba.3. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos

azriT, kanons ar Seesabameba kanonqvemde-bare normatiuli aqti, romlis Semowmebacar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kom-petenciaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawy-vetilebas kanonis mixedviT.

1. me-6 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime mniSvne-lovani principi da debuleba, romelTa Soris aRsaniS-navia principi, romlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damou-kidebelia da emorCileba kanons.

mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba sasamarTlo xeli-suflebis damoukideblobis umniSvnelovanesi elemen-tia. amitom sasamarTlos damoukidebel xelisufle-bad Camoyalibebis interesebi moiTxoven mosamarTle-Ta damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofas.

mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebs gan-amtkicebs saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelosorganuli kanoni ̀ saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, sa-qarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi da sxvanormatiuli aqtebi. aseTi garantiebis ricxvs ganekuT-vneba magaliTad saqarTvelos konstituciiT damkvid-rebuli debulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad: a) aravis araqvs ufleba mosTxovos mosamarTles angariSi konk-retul saqmeze; b) baTilia yvela aqti, romelic zRu-davs mosamarTleTa damoukideblobas; g) sasamarTlogadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZliamxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT; d)mosamarTlis Camocileba saqmis ganxilvisagan, Tanam-debobidan misi vadamde gaTavisufleba an sxva Tanam-debobaze gadayvana daiSveba mxolod kanoniT gansaz-


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Rvrul SemTxvevebSi (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxli).

_ mosamarTlis damoukideblobisa da misi kanoni-sadmi damorCilebis principis dedaazri mdgomareobsimaSi, rom aravis ar aqvs ufleba Caerios sasamarTlossaqmianobaSi mis mier konkretul saqmeTa ganxilva-ga-dawyvetis dros. arcerT saxelmwifo organizacias, sa-jaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, arcerT Ta-namdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvs raime miTiTeba miscessasamarTlos imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gadawyvitos mankonkretuli saqme.

2. me-6 muxlis me-2 nawilSi Camoyalibebulia kons-tituciis uzenaesoba sxva kanonebTan mimarTebaSi.

a) sasamarTlo xelisuflebas sakonstitucio kon-trolis formiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlo. mxolod sakonstitucio sasamar-Tlos SeuZlia daadginos Seesabameba Tu ara, an ufrometic, ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara esa Tu is kanoni konsti-tucias.

b) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba Tu ara kanoni kon-stitucias, SeiZleba wamoiWras rogorc saqmis momza-debis stadiaze, ise am saqmis Ria sasamarTlo sxdoma-ze ganxilvis dros. nebismier stadiaze sasamarTlomunda SeaCeros saqmis ganxilva an calkeuli saproce-so moqmedebis Sesruleba da mimarTos sakonstituciosasamarTlos (279-e muxlis ̀ e~ qvepunqti).

g) sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvisformas gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni ̀ saqarTve-los sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~. am kanonisme-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kanonebis Tu sxvanormatiuli aqtebis saqarTvelos konstituciasTanSesabamisobis sakiTxs ganixilavs sakonstitucio sa-samarTlo sakonstitucio sarCelis an wardginebis sa-fuZvelze.

amrigad, saerTo sasamarTloebma unda gamoitanon gan-Cineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb (282-e muxli)da mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarTlos konstituci-

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uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis kon-stituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.

saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeCerdeba sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. ase-Ti gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg saqmis warmoeba ga-naxldeba (283-e muxli).

3. me-6 muxlis me-3 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTikanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis konstitu-ciasTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitu-cio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tvi-Ton saerTo sasamarTlo gadawyvets am sakiTxs da TuCaTvlis, rom normatiuli aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis (da ara mis Seusa-bamo normatiuli aqtis) safuZvelze.

magaliTad, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTve-los samTavrobo dawesebulebis, umaRlesi saxelmwi-fo organos xelmZRvanelis da a. S. administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtebis kanonierebis Semowmeba ar Se-dis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamgeblobaSi (saqar-Tvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-6muxli). amitom, Tu aseTi aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,sasamarTlo samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetisdros ixelmZRvanelebs kanoniT. sakonstitucio sasa-marTlosaTvis mimarTva aseT SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia.

muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlisanalogia

1. Tu ar arsebobs sadavo urTierTobismomwesrigebeli kanoni, sasamarTlo iyenebskanons, romelic awesrigebs msgavs urT-ierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu ase-Ti kanonic ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo em-yareba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogadprincipebs (samarTlis analogia).2. Tu ar arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso

norma, romelic aregulirebs sasamarTlo


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warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTo-bas, sasamarTlo iyenebs saproceso samarT-lis im normas, romelic awesrigebs msgavsurTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo TuaseTi normac ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo em-yareba samoqalaqo saproceso samarTliszogad principebs (samarTlis analogia).

1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawiligansazRvravs materialuri samarTlis analogiisgamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. mxedvelobaSiamaterialuri samarTlis nebismieri dargi, romlisgamoyenebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvassasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.SeiZleba mxolod sadavo iyos sakiTxi Tu ramdenaddasaSvebia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis miermaterialuri samarTlisa da materialursamarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) analogiiT gamoyenebisgansazRvra, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos samoqalaqokodeqsis me-5 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlisa dakanonis analogias. mxedvelobaSia agreTve misaRebi isgaremoeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-3nawili krZalavs specialuri urTierTobismomwesrigebeli normebis (sagamonakliso normebis)analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.2

2. me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqosaproceso kanonmdeblobisa da samoqalaqo saprocesosamarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSixorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiTdadgenili wesiT. magram ise rogorc sxva kanonebi,romlebic adamianTa urTierTobis sxvadasxvasferoebs aregulireben, samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqsic SeiZleba Seicavdes xarvezs. dauSvebelia

2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli. Tb, 1999, gv.35.

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uari saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, miT ufro,roca aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebaze damokidebuliamxaris interesebis dacva, im motiviT, rom samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs aseTi moqmedebisSesrulebas da wess. amitom sasamarTlom undagamoiyenos kanoni (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsisnorma), romelic analogiuri saproceso moqmedebisSesrulebas iTvaliswinebs da daukavSiros mas isSedegebi, romelsac analogiuri saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebas ukavSirebs kanoni. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme gveqneba kanonisanalogiasTan. magram Tu kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebisSesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, imis gamo, rom aseTi kanonicar arsebobs, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes samarTlis,kerZod samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis analogia. samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba marTalia rTulia,radgan igi gulisxmobs samarTlis zogadi principebiTxelmZRvanelobis aucileblobas, magram Zalzedsainteresoa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlogvevlineba aramarto rogorc samarTalSemfardebeli,aramed garkveulwilad, rogorc samarTalSemoqmedic,radgan qmnis saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis wessmocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi. samarTlisa da kanonis analogia xSirad gamxdarasamoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi arsebuli xarvezisSevsebis safuZveli. sakmarisia davasaxeloTmosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba, romlis Sesaxebnorma (831-e muxli) daemata samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqss agreTve sarCelis uzrunvelyofazeuarisTqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba (197-emuxli), rac adre kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiTxdeboda. rogorc kanonis, ise samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebazedmiwevniT naTlad da gasagebad unda iyosmotivirebuli gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).


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muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotanasaqarTvelos saxeliT

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqvssaqarTvelos saxeliT.

sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT ori saxis dadgenileba: ga-dawyvetileba da ganCineba. sasamarTlos dadgenile-ba, romliTac arsebiTad wydeba saqme, gamodis gadawy-vetilebis saxiT (243-e muxlis pirveli nawili), xolosasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTadar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT (284-e muxli).

_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba marTlmsajulebis um-niSvnelovanesi aqtia, romelmac unda daicvas darRve-uli an sadavod gamxdari ufleba, kanoniT gaTvaliswi-nebuli interesi. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT xdebasaqmeze dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis sabolooSefaseba kanonebis safuZvelze. swored amitom, gadaw-yvetileba gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT, romelic Tvi-Ton iZens kanonis Zalas da Tu nebayoflobiT ar iqnebaSesrulebuli, aRsruldeba iZulebis ZaliT.

_ praqtikaSi am muxlis Sinaarsi gagebulia farTodda gadawyvetilebaSi gulisxmoben ganCinebebsac, ami-tom, ganCinebebic, gansakuTrebiT roca isini gamoaqvTzemdgom sasamarTloebs, gamodis saqarTvelos saxe-liT. garda gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebebisa, sasa-marTloebs gamoaqvT gadaxdis brZaneba (306-e muxli),droebiTi gankarguleba (355-e muxli). samoqalaqo sap-roceso kanonmdebloba ar moiTxovs am dokumentebisgamotanas sasamarTlos mier saqarTvelos saxeliT.

muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesissaqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebisena

1. sasamarTloSi yvela saqme ganixilebaRia sxdomaze, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba

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saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis intere-sebs. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvadasaSvebia agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-liswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi, mxaris mo-tivirebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze.2. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvaSi

monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomad-genlebi, xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi-_ mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi daTarjimnebi.3. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebu-li ganCineba.4. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxel-

mwifo enaze. saxelmwifo enis armcodne pirsmieCineba Tarjimani.

1. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da ̀ sa-erTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organu-li kanonis me-12 muxlis Sesabamisad samoqalaqo sap-roceso kodeqsis me-9 muxlma daamkvidra saqmis gan-xilvis saqveynoobis principi.

_ saqveynoobis principi niSnavs konkretul samo-qalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos Ria sxdomebzemxareebisa da sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pir-Ta daswrebiT;

_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelosorganuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabami-sad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaRebis,audio da video Canaweris akrZalva daiSveba mxolodsasamarTlos motivirebuli ganCinebiT. aseTi akrZal-va SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxareTa Suamdgom-lobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT;

_ sajaroobis principis darRveva aris gadawyveti-lebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (ix. 394-e mux-lis ̀ d~ qvepunqtis komentari). sajaroobis principisdarRvevasTan gveqneba saqme, rodesac sasamarTlos ar


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daudgenia saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilva, magrammoqalaqeebs, romlebsac surdaT daswrebodnen am saq-mis ganxilvas, ar uSvebdnen sasamarTlo sxdomis dar-bazSi.

amrigad, Tu sasamarTlos ar miuRia gadawyvetile-ba daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magramfaqtobrivad sxdoma daxurulad mimdinareobda _ essajaroobis principis darRvevis erT-erTi gavrcele-buli SemTxvevaa, romelic gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasiwvevs;

_ kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sajaroobis prin-cipis SezRudvis SesaZleblobas, magaliTad, me-9 mux-lis Tanaxmad, saqme daxurul sxdomaze unda iqnes gan-xiluli, Tu es aucilebelia saxelmwifo saidumloe-bis dacvis interesebisaTvis. 351-e muxlis Tanaxmad ga-dawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sajarod ar ga-mocxaddeba. TviTon Svilad ayvanis sakiTxic SeiZle-ba ganxilul iqnes daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze (350-e muxlis mesame nawili ); sasamarTlom SeiZleba daad-ginos daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva Tu es auci-lebelia mxareTa intimuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobe-bis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis Sesabami-sad, yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi Canawe-ri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis teqni-kuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSualebiT miRe-buli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. es imas niSnavs, romdaxuruli sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gaimarTos ase-Ti mimowerisa Tu Canawerebis saidumloebis dacvis miz-niT, Tu Sesabamisi mxare Suamdgomlobs amis Sesaxeb.

2. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sasamarT-los SeuZlia daxuros sxdoma mTlianad an nawilob-riv. sasamarTlos aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-tana ar SeiZleba.

rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas mxaris Suamd-gomlobiT sxdomis daxurvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, arc

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aseTi ganCinebis gamotanas da, bunebrivia, arc mis ga-saCivrebas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvalis-winebs. Tu miuxedavad amisa, aseTi ganCineba iqneba ga-motanili, arc aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanaar SeiZleba.

3. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da ̀ sa-erTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organu-li kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod.

am muxlebis azri ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqossasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, miRebuli saqmis daxu-rul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sedegad, yovelTvis unda ga-mocxaddes saqveynod. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebadaxurul sxdomaze unda gamocxaddes, Tu misi saja-rod gamocxadebiT saqveynod gaxdeba cnobili yove-live, ris gamoc saqmis ganxilva daixura, agreTve, ro-ca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs (351-e muxlis pirveli naw-ili ).

4. me-9 muxlis me-4 nawili, saqarTvelos konstitu-ciis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, amkvidrebs princips,romlis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba sa-xelmwifo enaze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qar-Tuli, xolo afxazeTSi agreTve afxazuri.

es imas niSnavs, rom afxazeTSi samarTalwarmoeba Se-iZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc qarTul, ise afxazurenaze.

samarTalwarmoebis enis armcodne pirs mieCinebaTarjimani, romlis meSveobiT mas SeuZlia srulad ga-naxorcielos yvela is ufleba, rac mas aqvs miniWebu-li samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT.

Tarjimnis funqcia ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mosamar-Tlem, sxdomis mdivanma an saqmeSi monawile romelimesxva pirma.


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muxli 10. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi, dadgenilebe-bi), agreTve Tavisi uflebamosilebis gan-saxorcieleblad sasamarTlos mier aRZru-li moTxovnebi da gankargulebebi saval-debuloa saqarTvelos mTel teritoriazeyvela saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi Tu kerZosawarmosaTvis, dawesebulebisaTvis, orga-nizaciisaTvis, Tanamdebobis pirisa Tu mo-qalaqisaTvis da isini unda Sesruldes.

_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebuloobagamomdinareobs saqarTvelos konstituciis 52-e da`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos orga-nuli kanonis me-4 muxlebidan.

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-baTa (ganCinebaTa) savaldebulooba efuZneba kanonissavaldebuloobas, romlis safuZvelzec es gadawyve-tilebaa gamotanili.

gadawyvetilebis savaldebulooba niSnavs imas,rom:

a) es gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gauqmdes an Seic-valos romelime saxelmwifo organos, adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis organos, sajaro Tu kerZo iuri-diuli piris da nebismieri Tanamdebobis piris mier. amorganoebsa da pirebs ufleba ara aqvT sasamarTlo ga-dawyvetilebisagan gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba mi-iRon saqmeze.

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmeba, Secvla anmaTi aRsrulebis, SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarT-los kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT (sa-qarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxli);

b) saxelmwifo Tu nebismieri sxva organo da Tanam-debobis piri valdebuli arian yovelnairad Seuwyon

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xeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebas, sa-samarTlo aRmasruleblis moTxovnebi, mimarTuli ka-nonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisa-ken, savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis;

g) saxelmwifo Tu sxva organoebi da Tanamdebobispirebi valdebuli arian Seasrulon Sesabamisi moqme-debani im uflebaTa gaformebis Tu registraciis miz-niT, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ga-dawyvetilebiT;

d) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa kanonieri Zala damaTi savaldebulooba SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolodim pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen ganxilvaSi,an ufro zustad, romlebic mowveuli iyvnen am saqmisganxilvaSi. amitom, gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mxa-ris mimarT, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba saqmisganxilvis Sesaxeb, an romelic saerTod ar iyo CarTu-li am saqmeSi, aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolu-turi safuZveli (394-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti ).

_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom aseT pi-rebs SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyveti-leba zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciebSi, miuxedavadimisa, rom isini saerTod ar iyvnen Cabmuli procesSimxareebad an Tumca iyvnen Cabmuli, magram ar iyvnenmowveuli saqmis ganxilvaSi. Tu aseTi gadawyvetilebaSevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin maT SeuZliaT mimarTonsasamarTlos gancxadebiT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb(422-e muxlis ̀ b~ da „g“ qvepunqtebi).


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T a v i II

uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba

muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebisuwyebrivi daqvemdebarebasasamarTloebisadmi

1. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiTdadgenili wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saq-meebs darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uf-lebis, agreTve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuliinteresebis dacvis Sesaxeb, kerZod:a) samoqalaqo, saojaxo, Sromis, saadgil-

mamulo, bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebi-sa da garemos dacvis urTierTobebidanwarmoSobil davebs moqalaqeebs, moqalaqe-ebsa da iuridiul pirebs, agreTve iuri-diul pirebs Soris;b) (amoRebulia)g) (amoRebulia)d) (amoRebulia)e) saqmeebs sazogadoebriv da religiur

organizaciebs Soris davis Sesaxeb;v) udavo warmoebis saqmeebs.z) saqmeebs reketuli qonebis CamorTme-

visa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTandakavSirebiT.2. kanoniT, sasamarTloebs SeiZleba da-

eqvemdebaros sxva kategoriis saqmeTa gan-xilvac.3. zemoT CamoTvlil saqmeebs sasamarT-

loebi ganixilaven, Tu maTi ganxilva, ka-nonis Tanaxmad, sxva organos kompetencia-Si ar Sedis.4. sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saqmeebs,

romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidan

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gamomdinareobs, agreTve im saqmeebs, rom-lebSic monawileoben ucxo qveynis moqa-laqeebi, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi, sa-warmoebi da organizaciebi.

nebismieri organo, romelic Seiqmna da arsebobs amaTu im saxelmwifoSi, valdebulia imoqmedos Tavisi uf-lebamosilebis farglebSi da ar gascdes am farglebs.rogorc ki romelime organo gascdeba Tavisi ufleba-mosilebis farglebs, igi iWreba sxva organos kompe-tenciaSi, e. i. iRebs Tavis Tavze iseTi sakiTxis gadaW-ris uflebamosilebas, romelic mas ki ara, sxva orga-nos aqvs mikuTvnebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, uwyebri-vi qvemdebareoba _ esaa im uflebamosilebaTa er-Toblioba da farglebi, romelic ama Tu im organosaqvs gansazRvruli.

1. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva orga-nos, zustad aqvs gansazRvruli uflebamosilebaTasfero da farglebi da igi bunebrivia ar SeiZleba gas-cdes am sferosa da farglebs. am mosazrebiTaa ganpi-robebuli 272-e muxlis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad sa-samarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu saqmear unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, romkanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompeten-ciaSi Sedis.

2. amrigad, sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareo-ba (kompetencia, iurisdiqcia) kanoniT gansazRv-rul im uflebamosilebaTa erTobliobaa, romel-Ta farglebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos da ga-nixilos saqmeebi;

_ sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowme-ba SeuZliaT saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTlo-ebs Tavisi iniciativiT (377-e muxlis me-4 nawili da404-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom gadawyvetilebisgamotana saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivadar eqvemdebareba, aris am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis


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absoluturi (udavo) safuZveli (394-e muxlis `g~qvepunqti).

3. me-11 muxli Seicavs im urTierTobebis mxolodsanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebidanac warmoSobil da-vebs ganixilavs sasamarTlo. aseT CamonaTvals SeicavsagreTve saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso ko-deqsis me-2 muxli.3

es CamonaTvali marTalia farToa, magram araa amom-wuravi. kriteriumi unda iyos erTi _ yovel daintere-sebul pirs unda hqondes SesaZlebloba mimarTos sa-samarTlos Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tu es uflebasamarTliT regulirebuli urTierTobidan gamomdina-reobs, damoukideblad imisa, samarTlis romeli dar-giT regulirdeba urTierToba, saidanac es sadavo uf-leba warmoiSva. eWvs gareSea, rom es kriteriumi damk-vidrebulia konstituciis 42-e muxliT, romlis Tanax-mad, `yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa daTavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos~ darom ̀ dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~.

4. me-11 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo-ebi ganixilaven saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlebriviurTierTobebidan warmoSobil davebs. saqarTvelossasamarTloebis saerTaSoriso kompetenciis (gansja-dobis) SemTxvevebs, agreTve saqarTvelos sasamarT-loebis gansakuTrebul saerTaSoriso kompetenciasgansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni ̀ saerTaSoriso ker-Zo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (me-8-20 muxlebi).

muxli 12. davis gadacemagansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis

qonebrivi dava, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, Se-iZleba gadaeces gansaxilvelad arbitraJs.

3. maia vaCaZe, inga Todria, paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv 15.

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1997 wlis 17 aprils miRebul iqna saqarTvelos ka-noni `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~. am kanonis pirvelimuxlis Tanaxmad, pirebs Soris wamoWrili samoqala-qo dava maTive SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba gansaxilveladgadaeces mudmivmoqmed an am davisaTvis sagangebodSeqmnil droebiT kerZo arbitraJs. aseTi SeTanaxmebaideba werilobiTi formiT.

`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonispirveli muxli ar Seesabameba samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqsis me-12 muxls, romlis Tanaxmad kerZo arbit-raJs SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mxolod `qo-nebrivi dava~. samoqalaqo dava ufro farToa, vidreqonebrivi dava. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsispirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, ̀ es kodeqsi awesrigebs pir-Ta Tanasworobaze damyarebul kerZo xasiaTis qoneb-riv, saojaxo da pirad urTierTobebs~.

amrigad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 mux-lis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen mxolodqonebrivi xasiaTis davebisa da ara mTlianad yovelg-vari samoqalaqo davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Se-saxeb.

_ kolizia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqssa da ̀ ker-Zo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons Soris undagadawydes samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis sasargeb-lod, vinaidan igi aris specialuri kanoni, romelicgansazRvravs samoqalaqo davebis gansjadobasa da gan-xilvis wesebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa SeTanxme-bas araqonebrivi xasiaTis davebis arbitraJSi ganxil-vis Sesaxeb, ar aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebuloZala da aseTi dava SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom,miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara mxareTa saarbitra-Jo SeTanxmeba.

sxva mxriv, mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba qoneb-rivi davebis arbitraJis mier ganxilvis Sesaxeb, saval-debuloa sasamarTlosaTvis da man ar unda miiRos sar-Celi gansaxilvelad Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba arsebobs (186-


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e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu igi SecdomiTaa mi-Rebuli _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272 -e muxlis ̀ v~qvepunqti).

_ Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmeba qonebrivi da-vis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb dadebulia sa-moqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis fargleb-Si, am SeTanxmebis calmxrivad moSla dauSvebelia. mxa-reebs SeuZliaT mxolod aseve urTierTSeTanxmebiTSecvalon TavianTi pirvandeli SeTanxmeba da davisgansaxilvelad mimarTon sasamarTlos, rac agreTve we-rilobiT unda gaformdes;

aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda miiRos sarCe-li gansaxilvelad (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli).

_ saarbitraJo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saval-debuloa mxareebisaTvis da igi SeiZleba aRsruldesiZulebiTi wesiT (`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtis ̀ z~qvepunqti).

_ saarbitraJo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivronsasamarTloSi mxareebma (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos kanonis 43-e da 44-e muxlebi).

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T a v i III

gansjadoba

muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqosaqmeebi

1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveliinstanciiT ganixilavs sasamarTlosadmiuwyebrivad daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqosaqmeebs.2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Se-

madgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magist-rati mosamarTle, romelic ganixilavs amkodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebulsaqmeebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlossamoqmedo teritoriaze arsebul adminis-traciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi.3. im administraciul-teritoriul er-

TeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistratimosamarTle, agreTve misi aryofnis SemTx-vevaSi, am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli saqmeebi SeiZleba ganixilosraionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mo-samarTlem.4. Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSire-

buli ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna,romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba mag-istrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, saqmesganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarT-los sxva mosamarTle.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblo-ba erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sasamarTlos uwye-briv qvemdebareobas (saqveuwyebobas) da gansjadobas.sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTx-


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vaze: ganekuTvneba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarT-loebs, Sedis Tu ara am saqmis ganxilva saerTo sasa-marTloebis kompetenciaSi (iurisdiqciaSi). mas Semdeg,rac es sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydeba, wamoiWreba me-ore sakiTxi: romelma sasamarTlom unda ganixilosuwyebrivad saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi daqvemde-barebuli konkretuli samoqalaqo saqme. am kiTxvazepasuxis gasacemad arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso sa-marTlis meore instituti, romelsac gansjadobaewodeba. 1. me-13 muxlis pirveli nawilis TanaxmadsasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivad qvemdebare saqmeebspirveli instanciiT ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTloebi. Sesabamisad gansjadoba awesrigebssaqmeebis ganawilebis sakiTxs calkeuli raionuli(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mixedviT (me-15-24-emuxlebi). Tu sasamarTlom ganixila aragansjadi saqme, amsaqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmebayovelTvis araa dasaSvebi. magaliTad, Tu ar ariskanoniT dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadisasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT daadginonurTierTSeTanxmebiT sasamarTlos gansjadoba (21-emuxli). aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadigaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mopasuxe amiswinaaRmdegi ar aris da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRosaragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi (21-emuxli). 2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSiSeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelicmoqmedebs am raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosteritoriaze misTvis gankuTvnil administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi magistratimosamarTle ganixilavs me-14 muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli kategoriis saqmeebs. 3. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqme (me-14muxli) SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)

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sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosadministraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebsmagistrati mosamarTle, an ama Tu im mizezis gamo(Svebuleba, avadmyofoba) igi ar imyofeba Tavissamoqmedo teritoriaze. 4. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos amsasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna.garda amisa Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenimeerTgvarovani da erTmaneTTan samarTlebrivaddakavSirebuli saqme, sasamarTlos SeuZlia TavisiiniciativiT, an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos essaqmeebi (182-e muxli). me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili krZalavs magistratimosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvas, Tu amgaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erT-erTi mainc arganekuTvneba mis gansjadobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmemTlianad unda ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem.

muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTagansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi

magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli in-stanciiT ganixilaven Semdeg saqmeebs:a) qonebriv davebs, Tu sarCelis fasi ar

aRemateba 2000 lars;b) udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebis

saqmeebs, garda Svilad ayvanis, agreTvegamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis da qonebisupatronod cnobis saqmeebisa, Tu moTxov-nis an qonebis Rirebuleba aRemateba 2000larsK;g) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan

gamomdinare davebs, garda Svilad ayvanis,mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis, mamobisdadgenis da ganqorwinebis saqmeebisa, Tu


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meuRleebs Soris arsebobs dava bavSvismikuTvnebis Taobazed) amoRebulia (13.07.2006 #3435)

me-14 muxli amomwuravad gansazRvravs magistratmosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebs. es imas niSnavs, romgarda am muxlSi miTiTebuli saqmeebisa, maT ar Seu-ZliaT ganixilon sxva saqmeebi. magistrat mosamarTlesufleba ara aqvs gaafarTovos an Sewyvitos kanoniTgansazRvruli misTvis gansjadi saqmeebis wre. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia: a) sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT aRZruli nebismieriqonebrivi dava, Tu sarCelis fasi ar aRemateba 2000lars. sarCelis fass anu davis sagnis fass miuTiTebsmosarCele. mosamarTles mxolod im SemTxvevaSiSeuZlia gansazRvros davis sagnis Rirebuleba, TumosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi aSkarad arSeesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas. davissagnis fasis gansazRvra xdeba me-40 da 41-e muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT. araqonebrivi davebi, Tu isini ar gamomdinareobenam muxlis „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuliurTierTobebidan, magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadiaraa. b) me-14 muxlis „b” qvepunqtis azrisa da SinaarsismixedviT magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia: 1. udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli nebismierisaqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk meeqvse karSi (310-emuxli), garda Svilad ayvanisa (349-e-351-e muxlebi daqonebis upatronod cnobisa (337-e-341-e muxlebi), Tuam qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars. 2. gamartivebuli wesiT gansaxilveli nebismierisaqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk mexuTe karSi (292-e-3097-e muxlebi) garda davalianebis gadaxdevinebis

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Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, Tu gadaxdevinebis SesaxebmoTxovnis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars. g) magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia saojaxosamarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinarenebismieri dava, garda saqmeebisa: 1. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb. rogorc vxedavT arcudavo warmoebis wesiT (ix. zemoT „b” qvepunqtiskomentari) da arc sadavo anu sasarCelo warmoebiswesiT Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva ar Sedismagistrat mosamarTleTa kompetenciaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom Svilad ayvana kidev erTxelaamoxseniebuli 312-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtSi, magram aqmxedvelobaSia ara Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva,aramed Svilad ayvanis registraciis faqtisdadgena, anu iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac Svilad ayvanashqonda adgili, magram am faqtis registraciis dadgenasxva gziT SeuZlebelia, radgan aseTi registraciismasalebi ama Tu im mizeziT ganadgurebulia. Sviladayvanis registraciis faqtis dadgena magistratmosamarTlis mier kanoniT pirdapir araa akrZaluli,rac imas niSnavs, rom magistrat mosamarTles SeuZliaam faqtis dadgena. 2. mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb, rasaciTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1205-e muxli4. 3. mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo kodeqsis1190-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad SviliswarmoSoba dauqorwinebeli mSoblebisagan dgindebasamoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriulsamsaxurSi mSoblebis mier erToblivi gancxadebisSetaniT. amave muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, Tuarsebobs mSobelTa erToblivi gancxadeba mamobaSeiZleba dadgindes sasamarTlos wesiT, romelsacganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo.

________________________ 4 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe. t. I.


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4. ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb saqmeebs, romlebsacganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo. ganqorwinebis saqmeebs ganixilavs magistratimosamarTle mxolod erTi pirobiT Tu gansaqorwinebelmeuRleebs Soris ar arsebobs dava bavSvis mikuTvnebisTaobaze. rac Seexeba saqmeebs qorwinebis baTilad cnobisSesaxeb, isini SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod raionulma(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebma.

muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba

1. sasamarTlos sarCeli waredgineba mo-pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. sar-Celi iuridiuli piris mimarT sasamarT-los waredgineba iuridiuli piris adgil-samyoflis mixedviT. arasasarCelo warmoe-bis dros gansjadoba ganisazRvreba im pi-ris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rom-lis winaaRmdegac mimarTulia gancxadeba(saCivari).11 . sarCelebi (gancxadebebi) am kodeqsis

me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebzesasamarTloSi Seitaneba magistrati mosa-marTlis samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT,xolo im administraciul-teritoriulerTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistratimosamarTle - raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-marTloSi.2. Tu mopasuxes ar aqvs sacxovrebeli

adgili, sarCeli ganixileba sasamarTloSisaqarTvelos teritoriaze misi adgilsam-yoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu mopasuxis ad-gilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin sarCeli Se-

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iZleba aRiZras misi ukanaskneli sacxovre-beli adgilis mixedviT.

1. me-15 muxli gansazRvravs teritoriuli gansja-dobis saerTo wess. am saerTo wesis mixedviT xdeba ne-bismieri sarCelis (gancxadebis) aRZvra sasamarTlo-Si, Tu kanonmdeblobiT sxva ram araa dadgenili. gamo-naklisebs am saerTo wesidan samoqalaqo saproceso ko-deqsis me-16-24-e muxlebi warmoadgenen, romlebic gan-sjadobis sakiTxebs awesrigeben.

a) fizikur pirebs SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime sac-xovrebeli bina Tu saxli, xolo aqedan gamomdinareramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili. amitom SeiZleba wa-moiWras sakiTxi: romeli adgili iTvleba mopasuxissacxovrebel adgilad?

samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, ̀ fizi-kuri piris sacxovrebel adgilad miiCneva adgili, ro-melsac igi Cveulebriv sacxovrebel adgilad irCevs.pirs SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgi-li~. amJamad saqarTveloSi Caweris nacvlad SemoRebu-lia registracia. es imas niSnavs, rom fizikuri pirismimarT sarCeli aRiZvreba sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sa-registracio aRricxvis adgilis mixedviT.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sasamarTlo ar axdens mo-pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis dadgenas. mopasuxissacxovrebeli adgilis miTiTebis movaleoba ekis-reba TviTon mosarCeles (ix. 178-e muxlis komenta-ri). sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras arasrulwlovnebis mi-marTac. ̀ arasrulwlovanis sacxovrebel adgilad iT-vleba mSoblis uflebis mqone mSoblebis sacxovrebe-li adgili~ (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 naw-ili). es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelebi arasrulwlovne-bis mimarT unda aRiZras sasamarTloSi kanonieri war-momadgenlebis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, Tun-dac arasrulwlovnebi sxvagan cxovrobdnen. rac See-xeba araqmedunarianad an SezRudulqmedunarianad


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aRiarebul pirebs, sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras maTisacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

rac Seexeba iseT pirebs, romlebic ixdian sasjelsan imyofebian sagamoZiebo izolaciaSi, sarCelebi maTmimarT aRiZvris maTi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgi-lis mixedviT an qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT;

b) sarCelebi iuridiuli pirebis mimarT sasamar-Tlos waredgineba am iuridiuli pirebis adgilsamyo-flis mixedviT.

gansjadobis am wesebzea agebuli samoqalaqo kodeq-sisa da ̀ mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesa-bamisi normebi. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 31-emuxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, kavSiris registracii-saTvis aucilebeli masalebi waredgineba kavSiris ad-gilsamyoflis mixedviT arsebul sasamarTlos. amavekodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Ta-naxmad, kavSiris Sesaxeb wesdeba unda Seicavdes ad-gilsamyofels (iuridiul misamarTs). es imas niSnavs,rom sarCelebi kavSiris (fondis) mimarT waredginebasasamarTlos maTive wesdebaSi miTiTebuli misamarTismixedviT.5 igive wesia damkvidrebuli `mewarmeTa Se-saxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxliT. am muxlis Ta-naxmad gancxadeba reestrSi registraciis Sesaxeb Se-itaneba sazogadoebis iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT,romelic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli sazoga-doebis wesdebaSi;6

g) sasarCelo warmoebis gverdiT samoqalaqo sapro-ceso kodeqsi awesrigebs udavo warmoebas da gamarti-vebul warmoebas. udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloganixilavs saqmeebs saerTo wesebiT (ix. 311-e muxli).amasTan erTad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi adgensgamonaklisebs am saerTo wesebidan. magaliTad, ganc-xadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgenis Se-

5. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli,Tb., 1999, gv. 72.6. l. Wanturia, T.niniZe, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis komentari,g-ba „samarTali“, Tb., 2002, gv.81.

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saxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis sacxov-rebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo gancxadeba moqalaqisSezRudulqmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebisSesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxov-rebeli adgilis mixedviT (322-e muxli). 2. me-15 muxlis 11 nawili gansazRvravs magistratmosamarTleTa teritoriuli gansjadobis sakiTxs:magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebze sarCelebida gancxadebebi Seitaneba magistrat mosamarTlissamoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT. magaliTad, magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedoteritoriaa vanis raioni, xolo mosarCele(ganmcxadebeli) cxovrobs am raionis teritoriaze. mansarCeli unda Seitanos magistrat mosamarTlissaxelze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vanis administraciulteritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistratimosamarTle - sarCeli (gancxadeba) Setanili unda iqnessamtrediis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi,romelsac ganixilavs am sasamarTlos mosamarTle.saqmis gadacema gansaxilvelad im administraciulteritoriuli erTeulidan, sadac ar moqmedebsmagistrati mosamarTle am raionis (qalaqis) sxvaadministraciul teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedimagistrati mosamarTlisaTvis - kanoniTgaTvaliswinebuli araa. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeebsganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosmosamarTle.

3. me-15 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-bas iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxes ara aqvs sac-xovrebeli adgili. amasTan, erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebsmopasuxis ̀ sacxovrebel adgils~ da mis ̀ adgilsamyo-fels~. sacxovrebel adgilad miCneul unda iqnes mo-pasuxis registraciis adgili, magram Tu aseTi adgilicnobili araa, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sa-samarTloSi mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. cxa-dia, mxedvelobaSia ara misi moklevadiani yofna ama Tuim adgilas, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi droiT misi yof-na am adgilas, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tuim samuSaos SesrulebiT, xangrZlivi mivlinebiT, mkur-


36

nalobiT da a. S. sakiTxi, Tu drois ra monakveTia sakma-risi, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli _damokidebulia TviTon sasamarTlos mixedulebaze.yvela SemTxvevaSi, es vada ar unda iyos samoqalaqosaqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis orTvian vadaze meti.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloSi gansjado-bis wesebis dacviT saqmis warmoebis gaxsnis Semdegmopasuxem Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, magram esver gaxdeba gansjadobis Secvlisa da sxva sasamarT-losaTvis am saqmis gadacemis safuZveli ( 22-e mux-li).

muxli 16. gansakuTrebuligansjadoba

1. sarCeli ramdenime mopasuxis mimarTsasamarTlos waredgineba erT-erTi mopa-suxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.2. xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCe-

lebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekru-lebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im adgilismixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Ses-rulebuliyo.3. sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs iu-

ridiuli piris filialis saqmianobidan, sa-samarTlos waredgineba filialis adgilm-debareobis mixedviT.4. sarCelebi kanonismier an anderZismier

memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarT-los waredgineba mamkvidreblis gardacva-lebamde misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixed-viT. Tu mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos moqa-laqea, magram gardacvalebis momentisTvisigi sazRvargareT cxovrobda, sasamarTloSisarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras saqarTveloSi misi

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ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis an sam-kvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.

1. me-16 muxlis pirveli nawili, uwinares yovlisa,iTvaliswinebs mosarCelis interesebs _ uadvilebs massaqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, roca aRZravs sarCelsramdenime mopasuxis mimarT. ramdenime mopasuxis mi-marT sarCelis aRZvra ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyossxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, mosarCelis qonebas anjanmrTelobas erTad miayena ziani ramdenime pirma,romlebic sxvadasxva raionis (qalaqis) teritoriazecxovroben. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi mo-sarCeles SeuZlia airCios sasamarTlo erT-erTi mo-pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

_ gansjadoba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT gansxvavdeba alternatiuli gansja-dobisagan. alternatiuli gansjadobis dros mosarCe-les SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi mopasuxissacxovrebeli adgilis, misi adgilmdebareobis an misiqonebis mdebareobis mixedviT, xolo gansjadoba me-16 muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT uflebas aZlevsmosarCeles airCios sasamarTlo mxolod erT-erTi mo-pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar cvlisteritoriuli gansjadobis zogad princips.

2. xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdi-nare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba isadgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswine-buli. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 362-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TuSesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin undavixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebaTa urTierTobis ar-siT. magaliTad, nagebobis remontis valdebulebis Ses-rulebis adgili iqneba is adgili, sadac es nageboba mde-bareobs. Tu Sesrulebis adgili arc TviTon xelSek-rulebidan da arc misi Sesrulebis arsidan ar gamom-dinareobs, maSin xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgiliindividualurad gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi iq-neba is adgili, sadac es sagani imyofeboda xelSekru-


38

lebis dadebis momentisaTvis, gvareobiT gansazRvru-li sagnis SemTxvevaSi _ adgili, sadac imyofeba mova-lis sawarmo, xolo Tu aseTi ar aris, maSin misi sacxov-rebeli adgili (iuridiuli misamarTi).7 magaliTad, aga-ris Saqris sawarmos warmomadgenlobam dado xelSek-ruleba q. foTSi Saqris garkveuli raodenobis miwo-debis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebiTi valdebulebis Sesru-lebis adgilad, Tu es ar aris gansazRvruli TviTonxelSekrulebaSi, unda CaiTvalos adgili, sadac mde-bareobs agaris Saqris sawarmo. es imas niSnavs, rom sar-Celi unda aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romlis terito-riaze mdebareobs movale sawarmo, anu agaris Saqrissawarmo.

3. me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-bas iuridiuli piris filialis adgilmdebareobis mi-xedviT. iuridiuli piris filiali gancalkevebuliqvedanayofia, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli pirisadgilsamyoflis gareT da axorcielebs im iuridiulipiris funqciebs, romlis qvedanayofic is aris (sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 28-e muxli).

_ imisaTvis, rom sarCeli aRiZras iuridiuli pirisfilialis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, savaldebuloaerTi piroba: sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes iuri-diuli piris filialis (da ara TviTon iuridiulipiris) saqmianobidan.

4. nebismieri sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs ka-nonismieri an anderZismieri memkvidreobidan, wared-gineba sasamarTlos im sacxovrebeli adgilis mixed-viT, sadac cxovrobda mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebam-de. me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-bas im SemTxvevaSic, roca mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelosmoqalaqe iyo da gardacvalebis momentisaTvis igi saz-RvargareT cxovrobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs

7. z. axvlediani, valdebulebiTi samarTali, meore gamocema, Tb., 1999, gv. 46-47.

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alternatiul gansjadobas: sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZrassasamarTloSi mamkvidreblis ukanaskneli sacxovre-beli adgilis, an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflismixedviT.

muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxismimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi araqvs sacxovrebeli adgili(qonebrivi gansjadoba)

sarCeli im mopasuxis mimarT, romelsacsaqarTveloSi ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgi-li, sasamarTlos SeiZleba waredginos mo-pasuxis qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT,xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia ra-ime nivTiT, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras amnivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.

_ me-17 muxli gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTx-vevisaTvis, rodesac mopasuxes saqarTveloSi ar aqvssacxovrebeli adgili. aq igulisxmeba mopasuxe, rome-lic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, Tumca ar aqvs sacxovre-beli adgili.

amrigad, sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT, romelic saqar-Tvelos moqalaqea, magram saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sac-xovrebeli adgili, SeiZleba aRiZras aseTi mopasuxisqonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu moTxov-na uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT _ am nivTis adgil-samyoflis mixedviT.

_ moTxovnis raime nivTiT uzrunvelyofaSi aq uwi-nares yovlisa igulisxmeba materialur-samarTlebri-vi uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi, magaliTad, girao daipoTeka,8 magram ar aris gamoricxuli jer araRZruli

8. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.193.


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sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisad sarCelis aR-vZra aseTi mopasuxis yadaRadadebuli qonebis adgil-samyoflis mixedviT (192-e muxli).

muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba

1. sarCeli sakuTrebis uflebis, qonebisuflebrivi datvirTvis an aseTi datvirT-visagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, agreTve qo-nebis gayofasTan, ganawilebasa da flo-basTan dakavSirebuli sarCeli, Tu davaexeba uZrav nivTebze, maT Soris, miwis nak-veTze uflebas, SeiZleba Setanil iqnessasamarTloSi nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mi-xedviT.2. nivTobriv gansjadobas ganekuTvneba

sarCeli, romelic mimarTulia uZravi niv-Tis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg,agreTve sarCeli, romelic aRZrulia uZ-ravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRa-urebis gamo.

me-18 muxli Seicavs im sarCelebis amomwurav Camo-naTvals, romlebic SeiZleba aRiZras nivTebis adgil-samyoflis mixedviT. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSiamxolod uZravi nivTebi, maT Soris miwis nakveTi.

1. me-18 muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs aq CamoT-vlili sarCelebis nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviTaRZvris SesaZleblobas. es imas niSnavs, rom es sarCe-lebi SeiZleba aRiZras agreTve saerTo gansjadobis,e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis (adgilsamyof-lis) mixedviT, mosarCelis arCeviT.

2. nivTobrivi gansjadobis wesiT, e. i. nivTebis ad-gilsamyoflis mixedviT, SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli uZ-ravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg, ma-galiTad, sarCeli sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan niv-Tis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, sarCeli mesakuTris mier uf-

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lebis borotad gamoyenebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, sarCe-li uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebisSesaxeb.

muxli 19. ojaxuri davebisgansjadoba

1. sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, qorwi-nebis baTilad cnobis, agreTve qorwinebisarsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesa-xeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSimeuRleebis erToblivi sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT. Tu sarCelis Setanis dro-isaTvis aseTi adgili ar arsebobs, maSinsarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes mopasuxissacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tumas ar gaaCnia sacxovrebeli adgili saqar-TveloSi, maSin saqmes ganixilavs sasamarT-lo mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-xedviT.2. Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben aras-

rulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis ga-mocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sac-xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saqme SeiZle-ba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarT-loSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.3. amoRebulia4. sarCeli mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb Se-

iZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi bav-Svis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.5. sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Se-

saxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarT-loSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilismixedviT.

1. me-19 muxli uflebas aZlevs mosarCeles gadaux-vios me-15 muxliT gansazRvrul saerTo gansjadobis


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wess, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli sasamarTlos waredgi-neba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saer-To gansjadobis wesidan aseTi gadaxvevis SesaZleblo-ba zogjer gamowveulia mosarCelisaTvis SeRavaTianipirobebis SeqmniT, bavSvis interesebiT, sxva raionSian qalaqSi gamgzavrebis siZneleebiT da a. S.

2. swored am mosazrebebiTaa nakarnaxevi me-19 mux-lis meore nawilSi Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis Ta-naxmad sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, baTilad cnobis,agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dad-genis Sesaxeb, Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mopa-suxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, magram Tu mo-sarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, saq-me SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTlo-Si misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aseTi saqme gairCes sasamar-TloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,unda arsebobdes mosarCelis werilobiTi Txovna sa-samarTlosadmi imis Sesaxeb, rom masTan cxovrobenarasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxa-debas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilismixedviT, ris gamoc iTxovs saqmis ganxilvas sasamar-TloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

3. aseTive mosazrebebiTaa ganpirobebuli me-19 mux-lis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mamobisdadgenisa da alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCe-lebis aRZvris SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad bavSvisa damosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ararTmevs uflebas mosarCeles aRZras sarCeli saerTogansjadobis mixedviT, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT.

muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelisarCeviT

sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba, Tu saqme

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ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ekuTv-nis mosarCeles.

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac samoqalaqo saproce-so kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleb-lobas ramdenime sasamarTloSi, maSin mosarCeles Se-uZlia TviTon airCios aseTi sasamarTlo. magaliTad,sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZlebawardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi, rogorc mopasuxis, isemosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. romel sa-samarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem, damokidebulia misarCevanze.

muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobisSesaxeb

1. Tu ar aris dadgenili erTmniSvnelov-nad gansjadi sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebsSeuZliaT SeTanxmebis gziT daadginon sa-samarTlos gansjadoba. SeTanxmeba form-deba werilobiT.2. aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gan-

sjadi gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu mopasuxewinaaRmdegi ar aris, rom saqme ganixilosaragansjadma sasamarTlom da Tanaxmaa mo-nawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, amas-Tan, Tu mopasuxe warmodgenili iqneba ad-vokatiT an miecema ganmarteba sasamarT-los aragansjadobisa da misi Sedegebis,agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvswamoayenos Sesagebeli aragansjadobis wi-naaRmdeg. sasamarTlos mier mopasuxisaT-vis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb undaaRiniSnos sasamarTlo oqmSi.

1. gansjadobis ori saxis Secvla ar SeiZleba mxare-Ta SeTanxmebiT. esaa gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba da


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gvareobiTi gansjadoba. gansakuTrebuli gansjadobaCamoyalibebulia me-16 muxlSi, xolo gvareobiTi gans-jadoba me-13 da me-14 muxlebSi, agreTve saqarTvelosadministraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-5 da me-6 mux-lebSi. gvareobiTi gansjadoba _ esaa samoqalaqo da ad-ministraciul saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis(rgolis) sasamarTloebs Soris: magaliTad, raionulisasamarTlos gansjad saqmeebs ver ganixilavs magist-rati mosamarTle (me-13 da me-14 muxlebi)

mxareTa SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb werilobiTunda Camoyalibdes an TviTon mxareTa mier dadebulwerilobiT garigebaSi (magaliTad, werilobiT gafor-mebuli qiravnobis xelSekrulebaSi), an specialuradgansjadobis Sesaxeb dadebul SeTanxmebaSi. Tu mxare-Ta werilobiTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqosaqme ganixila aragansjadma sasamarTlom, maSin mxa-res erTmeva ufleba daasabuTos Tavisi saCivari zem-dgom sasamarTloSi aragansjadobis meSveobiT da mo-iTxovos gadawvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmeba im mo-tiviT, rom saqme aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixila.

2. 21-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, aragansjadisasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes mxareTa winas-wari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSec, oRond ami-saTvis aucilebelia ramdenime pirobis arseboba. es pi-robebia:

a) mopasuxe Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos aragansja-di sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi da aseTi misiTanxmoba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi;

b) mopasuxe warmodgenilia advokatiT, xolo, Tu masar yavs advokati, maSin mieca ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb,rom aragansjadobis motiviT gadawyvetilebis gasaCiv-reba ar iqneba gaziarebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlos mi-er, Tu is ar gamoiyenebs Tavis uflebas ganucxadosprotesti aragansjad sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilviswinaaRmdeg;

g) mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesa-xeb unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos oqmSi.

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_ amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aragansjadma sasamarT-lom ganixilos saqme, aucilebelia mxareTa winaswariwerilobiTi SeTanxmeba, rac sarCelis aRZvras unda us-wrebdes win da aseTi SeTanxmeba unda daerTos sar-Cels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebsmis aragansjad sarCels (186-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti).magram Tu aragansjadobis sakiTxi gairkveva mogviane-biT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis Tu misi arsebiTad ganxil-vis etapze, maSin sasamarTlom unda imsjelos 21-e mux-lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviTsaqmis ganxilvis SesaZleblobaze. Tu aseTi pirobebiar arsebobs da amitom saqmis ganxilva dauSvebelia,sasamarTlom saqme gansjad sasamarTlos unda gadas-ces (23-e muxli).

muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebisdacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva

sasamarTlom gansjadobis wesebis dacviTTavis warmoebaSi miRebuli saqme unda ga-nixilos da arsebiTad gadawyvitos, Tun-dac es saqme SemdgomSi sxva sasamarTlosgansjadi gaxdes.

_ 22-e muxlis ZiriTadi azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rommTavaria sarCeli miRebul iqnes sasamarTlos mier gan-sjadobis wesebis dacviT. sarCelis warmoebaSi sworadmiRebis Semdeg SeiZleba Seicvalos pirobebi da igi uk-ve sxva sasamarTlos gansjadi gaxdes, magram es ar Se-iZleba gaxdes am sxva sasamarTlosaTvis saqmis gada-cemis safuZveli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqmis gan-xilva Zlier gaWianurdeboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ram-denjer Seicvleba gansjadobis pirobebi da saWiro gax-deba erTidan meoreSi, meoredan mesameSi da a. S. daus-ruleblad saqmis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi gadacema.

radgan sarCeli Tavdapirvelad miRebuli iyo gans-


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jadobis wesebis dacviT, sasamarTlom igi TviTonveunda ganixilos.

muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadisasamarTlosaTvis

1. sasamarTlo saqmes gansaxilvelad sxvasasamarTlos gadascems, Tu:a) mopasuxe, romlis sacxovrebeli adgi-

lic winaT ar iyo cnobili, moiTxovs, romsaqme gadaeces sasamarTlos Tavisi sacxov-rebeli adgilis mixedviT;b) erTi an ramdenime mosamarTlis acile-

bis gamo amave sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeliamaTi Secvla.2. Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gans-

jadia, igi gadaecema sasamarTlos mosar-Celis arCeviT.3. saqmis sxva sasamarTloSi gadacemis Se-

saxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-melic ar gasaCivrdeba.

1. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs iseTi SemTx-vevebis CamonaTvals, rodesac sasamarTlos SeuZliasaqme gansaxilvelad sxva sasamarTlos gadasces. maga-liTad, imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili mopasuxis ad-gilsamyofeli, sarCeli aRiZra misi ukanaskneli sac-xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rogorc amas iTvaliswi-nebs me-15 muxlis meore nawili (ix. am muxlis komenta-ri). Semdeg, rodesac mopasuxisaTvis cnobili gaxda,rom mis winaaRmdeg sarCelia aRZruli misi ukanaskne-li sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, moiTxova saqmisgadacema sasamarTlosaTvis Tavisi amJamindeli sac-xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

sasamarTlom unda daakmayofilos es moTxovna, mag-ram, Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs saqmis gadacemas _ sa-samarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme da gamoitanos ga-

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dawyvetileba, rac ver gaxdeba am gadawyvetilebis ga-uqmebis safuZveli. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom saq-me gadasces sxva sasamarTlos mopasuxis amJamindelisacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saWiroa TviT am mo-pasuxis Txovna amis Sesaxeb.

_ 23-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs saqmis sa-samarTlosaTvis gadacemis iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesacsaqme gansjadobis wesebis sruli dacviTaa miRebuli,magram mosamarTlis (mosamarTleebis) acilebis gamo,SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla amave sasamarTloSi. saqmisganxilva acilebuli mosamarTlis monawileobiT undaSefasdes rogorc saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos araka-nonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunq-ti), rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi(udavo) safuZvelia, amitom, saqme unda gadaeces sxvasasamarTlos im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gansazRv-rulia 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebiT (ix. am muxle-bis komentari).

2. 23-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs alter-natiuli gansjadobis SemTxvevebi, e. i. SemTxvevebi,rodesac saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia. me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlosgansjadia, sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba aqvs mosarCe-les. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saqme, romelic 23-e mux-liT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sxva sasamarTlosunda gadaeces, ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ma-Sin gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes mosarCelis survili.nebismier sxva SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxs Tu romel sasamar-Tlos gadaeces saqme _ wyvets sasamrTlos Tavmjdo-mare (34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebi).

3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis sxva sasamarTlo-ze gansaxilvelad gadacema xdeba 23-e muxlis ̀ a~ qve-punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT, maSin TviTonam sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba amis Sesaxeb.

magram, Tu saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gadacema xde-ba am muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-


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vliT, maSin ganCineba aseTi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 34-e mux-lis me-3 da me-5 nawilebis Tanaxmad, gamoaqvs Sesabami-si sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (ix. am muxlis komenta-ri).

aq miTiTebul ganCinebebze kerZo saCivris Setanaar SeiZleba.

muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davisdauSvebloba

erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi gadagzav-nil saqmes warmoebaSi gansaxilvelad iRebsis sasamarTlo, romelsac igi gadaegzavna.dava sasamarTloebs Soris gansjadobis Se-saxeb ar daiSveba.

_ es muxli, uwinares yovlisa, mimarTulia saqmisganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebisaken, erTi sa-samarTlodan meoreSi dausruleblad saqmeTa gadag-zavnis winaaRmdeg. amitom, sasamarTlom, romelsac ga-daegzavna saqme, unda miiRos da ganixilos igi, miuxe-davad imisa, sworad moxda saqmis gadagzavna Tu ara.amasTan erTad, kanoni ar gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas,rom sasamarTlom acnobos zemdgom sasamarTlos daS-vebuli Secdomebisa Tu saqmeTa gadagzavnis aramarT-lzomierebaze, raTa miRebul iqnes zomebi momavalSianalogiuri Secdomebis aRmofxvrisaTvis.

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T a v i IV

sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba

muxli 25. sasamarTlosSemadgenloba

1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi pirveli instanci-iT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, asevemagistrati mosamarTleebis mier ganixilebaerTpirovnulad.2. amoRebulia3. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva saapel-

acio wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlismier.4. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva sakasacio

wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis mier,garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqmes ganix-ilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlosSemadgenlobas raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebisada magistrati mosamarTleebis mier saqmeTa ganxilvisdros. rogorc wesi es sasamarTloebi saqmeebsganixilaven erTpirovnulad - erTi mosamarTlismagistrati (mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT. gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens 26-emuxlis pirveli nawili, romelic garkveuli pirobebisarsebobisas iTvaliswinebs raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlos mier saqmis pirveli instanciT ganxilvisSesaZleblobas sasamarTlos kolegiuri (samimosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT (ix. 26-e muxliskomentari). 2. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saapelaciowesiT saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos kolegiuri - samimosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.


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gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dadgenilia 443-emuxliT, romlis Tanaxmad 2008 wlis 1 ianvramdeSetanil saapelacio saCivars me-14 muxliTgansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv samarTlebrivdavaze, romlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10 000 lars,aseve, SromiT davebze erTpirovnulad ganixilavssaapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatismosamarTle. amrigad, am muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgeniligamonaklisi moqmedebs 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde. amisSemdeg yvela saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavssami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. 3. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sakasaciosasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTloskolegiuri - sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. gamonaklisi am mxriv dadgenilia saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis mimarT. didipalata warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos, romelicsaqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiTda „saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb”saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad (ix. 3911-emuxlis komentari), 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.

muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTulikategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raionul (sa-qalaqo) sasamarTloSi aris mosamarTleTasakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri Semadgen-lobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirov-nulad saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles Se-uZlia daadginos saqmis kolegiuri gan-xilva sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Tu:a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gan-

sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlopraqtikisaTvis;b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi

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TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli sirTuliTxasiaTdeba.2. motivirebuli ganCineba saqmis sasa-

marTlos kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT gan-xilvis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs mTa-var sxdomaze am saqmis ganxilvis dawyebam-de. ganCineba gadaecema sasamarTlos Tavm-jdomares, romelic gansazRvravs kolegi-ur Semadgenlobas am saqmis ganmxilveliTavdapirveli mosamarTlis aucilebeli mo-nawileobiT.3. amoRebulia4. amoRebulia

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs gamonakliss sa-erTo wesidan, romelic dadgenilia ̀ saerTo sasamar-Tloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-15 punqtiT da am kodeqsis 25-e muxlis pirveli nawi-liT, romelTa Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxil-va raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi xorcieldebaerTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier.

_ gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dasaSvebia mxolodam muxlis pirveli nawiliT zustad gansazRvruli pi-robis arsebobisas.

a) gansakuTrebuli praqtikuli mniSvneloba SeiZle-ba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magali-Tad, analogiuri saqme jer ar yofila ganxiluli sasa-marTloebSi, anu ar arsebobs araviTari praqtika ase-Ti saqmeebis ganxilvisa, an kidev, sxvanairi iuridiu-li Sefaseba unda mieces saqmis garemoebebs, vidre esdRemde iyo miRebuli da a. S.

b) saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule SeiZleba ganpi-robebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, sa-samarTlos mier gamosayenebeli norma axleburad dasruliad gansxvavebulad awesrigebs sadavo urTier-Tobas, vidre adre moqmedi kanonmdebloba, an kidev,kanonis azrisa da Sinaarsis sworad da amomwuravad


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amoxsna da gageba rTulia da moiTxovs samarTlis sxva-dasxva institutebis codnas da sxva.

_ Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom kolegiurad saq-mis ganxilvas aqvs ara formaluri, aramed arsebiTimniSvneloba, rac mosamarTlis maRali profesionalo-biTa da misi specializaciiT ganisazRvreba, maSin un-da gavakeToT daskvna, rom kolegia unda Sedges im mo-samarTleebisagan, romlebsac aqvT samoqalaqo saqme-Ta (farTo gagebiT) ganxilvis gamocdileba, kargad ic-noben Sesabamis kanonmdeblobasa da misi gamoyenebispraqtikas. amitom, Tu es piroba ar arsebobs, umjobe-sia saqme ganixilos erTpirovnulad mosamarTlem.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, jer-erTi, gansazRvravs Turomel etapze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes ganCineba saq-mis kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. es eta-pia saqmis momzadebis stadia, e. i. mTavar sasamarTlosxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis daniSvnamde. Tu mosamarT-lem daniSna mTavari sxdoma, daiwyo saqmis ganxilva, mankidec unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi. saqmis gan-xilvis gadadeba an SeCereba im motiviT, rom igi ganixi-los sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam, kanoniTaraa gaTvaliswinebuli. meore, mosamarTlis ganCinebasaqmis kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ganxil-vis Sesaxeb motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) unda iyos,e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ratom eniWeba amsaqmis ganxilvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba an rafaqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli misi sirTule.

_ sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia uari Tqvaskolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvaze imis ga-mo, rom mosamarTlis ganCineba araa dasabuTebuli dadamajerebeli an imis gamo, rom am sasamarTloSi araaSesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone mosamarTleTa sakmari-si raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxil-visaTvis. mosamarTlis ganCinebis miRebaze uaris Tqmi-sa da saqmis erTpirovnulad ganxilvisaTvis ukan dab-runebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia

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gamoitanos ganCineba an Semoifarglos Sesabamisi war-weriT (rezoluciiT) ganCinebaze.

muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlosmier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi

1. Tu saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlo axor-cielebs kolegiurad, am saqmis ganxilvas-Tan dakavSirebiT wamoWrili yvela sakiTxiunda gadawydes xmebis umravlesobiT. arcerT mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs Tavi Se-ikavos romelime sakiTxis gadawyvetisagan.2. mosamarTles, romelic pirveli ins-

tanciis, saapelacio instanciisa da sakasa-cio instanciis sasamarTloebis mier ga-dawyvetilebis, ganCinebisa Tu dadgenile-bis gamotanisas ar eTanxmeba umravleso-bas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Ta-visi gansxvavebuli azri, ris Sesaxebac ec-nobebaT mxareebs gadawyvetilebis gamoc-xadebis dros.3. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,

magram sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi misiSinaarsi ar gamocxaddeba.

1. 27-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi Camoyalibebulia orifundamenturi debuleba: pirveli _ mosamarTleTasruli damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, hqondesTavisi sakuTari azri saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-rebiT wamoWril yvela sakiTxze da meore _ arcerTmosamarTles, romelic Tanamdebobrivad mowode-bulia ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba, uflebaara aqvs uari Tqvas an Tavi Seikavos im saqmeze ga-dawyvetilebis miRebaSi, romlis ganxilvaSic monawi-leobda. gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis Sekavebaunda Sefasdes, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cielebaze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosamarTlis mier Ta-


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visi Tanamdebobrivi funqciis Sesrulebaze uarisTqma, aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT, maT SorisTanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebiT.

imisaTvis, rom miRebul iqnes gadawyvetileba (gan-Cineba), ar aris aucilebeli, rom am gadawyvetilebismiRebaSi monawile yvela mosamarTles erTnairi mosaz-reba hqondes. es SezRudavda mosamarTlis fundamen-tur uflebas, iqonios Tavisi mixeduleba saqmis gan-xilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril ama Tu im sakiTxze.amitom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miReba xdebaxmebis umravlesobiT.

_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Se-saxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesacsaqmis ganmxilvel samive mosamarTles gansxvavebu-li azri aqvs. aseTi viTareba Teoriulad araa gamo-ricxuli, Tumca praqtikulad Znelad warmosadgenia.gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uaris Tqmas im motiviT, romsaqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTleebi ver SeTanxmdnen amaTu im sakiTxze, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvsgadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis _ kanonmdebloba ariTvaliswinebs. gamosavali aseTi viTarebidan SeiZle-ba erTi iyos: kolegiis Tavmjdomare, rogorc wesi, xmasaZlevs bolos da is unda miemxros im mosamarTles,romlis Sexedulebac ufro axlosaa mis poziciasTan.es SesaZleblobas miscems sasamarTlos miiRos gadaw-yvetileba xmebis umravlesobiT.

2. 27-e muxlis me-2 nawili naTlad da garkveuladmiuTiTebs, jer-erTi, imaze, rom gansxvavebuli azriSeiZleba Camoayalibos mosamarTlem, rogorc pirve-li instanciiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, isemosamarTlem saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT saqmis gan-xilva-gadawyvetis dros. meorec, werilobiTi formiTgansxvavebuli azris Camoyalibeba dasaSvebia aramar-to gadawyvetilebis, aramed ganCinebis gamotanisdrosac.

_ gansxvavebuli azri unda gaformdes werilobiTaraugvianes motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoya-

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libebisa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba 27-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom gans-xvavebuli azris Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxareebs `ga-dawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros~. mxedvelobaSia mo-tivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram araagamoricxuli gansxvavebuli azri gaformdes werilo-biT da ecnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs gadawyvetilebissarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis drosac. sasamar-Tloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is, rom gansxva-vebuli azri arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi we-rilobiTaa Camoyalibebuli.

3. mxareebs ecnobebaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, rom ar-sebobs gansxvavebuli azri. misi Sinaarsi ar SeiZlebagamocxaddes (wakiTxul iqnes) sasamarTlo sxdomisdarbazSi. igi unda Caidos konvertSi da daerTos saq-mes. cxadia, rom mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs uf-leba aqvT gaecnon gansxvavebul azrs. es ufleba pir-dapir gamomdinareobs 83-e da 98-e muxlebis analizi-dan, romelTa Tanaxmad mxareebs da maT warmomadgen-lebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, e.i. masa-lebs, romlebic saqmeSia (ix. am muxlebis komentari),maT Soris gansxvavebul azrs.

muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba

mosamarTleebs ufleba ar aqvT gaaxmau-ron msjeloba, romelic maT hqondaT TaT-biris dros.

TaTbiris saidumloeba uzrunvelyofs mosamarT-lis Tavisuflebas mSvidad da yovelgvari SeboWilo-bis gareSe gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba, rogorc cal-keuli sakiTxebis, ise gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Se-saxeb saerTod. saqme isaa, rom gadawyvetileba (ganCi-neba) sasamarTlom unda warmoadginos, rogorc mosa-marTleTa erTsulovani mixeduleba, rasac didi mniS-


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vneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) avtori-tetis ganmtkicebisaTvis.

muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSimosamarTlis ganmeorebiTmonawileobis dauSvebloba

1. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saq-mis pirveli instanciiT ganxilvaSi, ver mi-iRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSisaapelacio instanciis an/da sakasacio in-stanciis sasamarTloSi.2. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda

saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sa-samarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas amsaqmis ganxilvaSi pirveli instanciis an/dasakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.3. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda

saqmis ganxilvaSi sakasacio instanciis sa-samarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas amsaqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sa-samarTloSi an/da pirveli instanciis sa-samarTloSi.

1. 29-e muxli emyareba erT metad gonivrul prin-cips: gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis Tu dasabuTebu-lobis Semowmeba ar SeiZleba miendos im mosamarTles,romelmac es gadawyvetileba gamoitana.

am muxlis analizis, misi azrisa da Sinaarsis safuZ-velze SeiZleba CamovayaliboT Semdegi Sinaarsis praq-tikuli wesi: erTi da igive mosamarTle ver miiRebsmonawileobas erTi da igive saqmis sxvadasxva ins-tanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas.

aseT ganmartebas aZlevs am muxls sakasacio sasa-marTlo, romelmac Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi miuTi-Ta, rom ̀ mosamarTles ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaSi mo-

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nawileoba, Tu igi am saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobdasxva instanciis da ara imave instanciis sasamarTloSi.9

2. amasTan erTad, 29-e muxli ar gamoricxavs da, ma-Sasadame, uSvebs saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganme-orebiT monawileobas Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

a) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda pir-veli instanciis sasamarTloSi, igi SeiZleba ganixilosimave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurmaSemadgenlobam, romlis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ga-uqmda;

b) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda saa-pelacio sasamarTloSi sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, igiSeiZleba ganixilos imave saapelacio palatam (mosamar-TleTa igive Semadgenlobam), romlis gadawyvetilebacam saqmeze gauqmda;

g) Tu saapelacio palatis gadawyvetileba (ganCine-ba) kvlav gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT, saqme SeiZlebakvlav ganixilos imave sakasacio palatam, romelmac ad-re es saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daabruna saapela-cio sasamarTloSi.

muxli 30. sasamarTlosSemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebisdaSvebis akrZalva

samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarT-los SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba Sediod-nen pirebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo na-Tesavebi arian, xolo Tu maT Soris aseTinaTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini unda Ca-moacilon saqmis ganxilvas.

_ sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba iyvnenmosamarTleebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesave-bi arian. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sasamarTlos Semad-genlobaSi aseTi naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini Ca-

9 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #1, gv. 53.


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mocilebuli unda iqnen saqmis ganxilvidan. es SeiZle-ba moxdes TviTacilebiT an mxaris gancxadebiT acile-bis Sesaxeb.

_ 30-e muxli ar Seicavs miTiTebas imaze, Tu rogorinaTesaoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlo naTesaur urTier-Tobad. amitom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 31-e muxlis me-2nawilSi miTiTebuli naTesavebis CamonaTvali (ix. ammuxlis komentari).

_ Tu miuxedavad kanonismieri akrZalvisa, sasamar-Tlos SemadgenlobaSi, romelmac ganixila da gadawy-vita saqme, aRmoCndnen axlo naTesavebi, es SeiZlebagaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli 394-emuxlis `a~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari), radgan saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakano-nierma Semadgenlobam.

muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxvasafuZvlebi

1. mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba ganixilossaqme an monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxil-vaSi, Tu is:a) am saqmeSi TviTon warmoadgens mxares,

an mas ama Tu im mxaresTan saerTo uflebe-bi an valdebulebebi akavSirebs;b) am saqmis adrindel ganxilvaSi monawi-

leobda mowmed, eqspertad, specialistad,Tarjimnad, warmomadgenlad an sasamarT-lo sxdomis mdivnad;g) mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesa-

via;d) piradad, pirdapir an arapirdapir da-

interesebulia saqmis SedegiT, an Tu arissxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic eWvs iwvevsmis miukerZoeblobaSi.2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ g~ qvepun-

qtis Tanaxmad, naTesavebad iTvlebian:

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a) meuRle;b) daniSnuli;g) pirdapiri xazis naTesavebi;d) da-Zma;e) disSvilebi da ZmisSvilebi;v) mSoblebis da-Zmebi;z) danaTesavebulebi (moyvrebi);T) pirebi, romlebic xangrZlivi drois

ganmavlobaSi ojaxuri urTierTobiT ari-an dakavSirebulni.

1. 31-e muxlSi CamoTvlili acilebis safuZvlebi saq-mis miukerZoeblad ganxilvis interesebiTaa nakarna-xevi. amitom, Tu arsebobs mosamarTlis acilebis erT-erTi safuZveli, romelic am muxlSia miTiTebuli, mo-samarTles ekrZaleba ganixilos saqme an monawileobamiiRos mis ganxilvaSi da acilebul unda iqnes. winaaR-mdeg SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis(ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli.

a) mosamarTles ekrZaleba SeiTavsos mxarisa da mo-samarTlis funqcia, e. i. mas ar SeuZlia iyos mosamarT-le sakuTar saqmeze, romlis erT-erT mxaresTan masakavSirebs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi. maga-liTad, sadavo qoneba (davis sagani) aris saerTo (Tana-ziari an wiladi) sakuTrebis obieqti, xolo mosamarT-le misi erT-erTi TanamesakuTrea, an kidev igi soli-daruli valdebulebis erT-erTi subieqtia da a. S.

b) mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mowmis, eqs-pertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis, warmomadgenlis ansasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis funqcia. amitom, mosamar-Tle acilebul unda iqnes, Tu igi adre am saqmeSi mona-wileobda am saxiT, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi undamiiRos monawileoba aq CamoTvlili romelime subieq-tis saxiT. ufro metic, mosamarTle acilebul undaiqnes im SemTxvevaSic, roca ar aris ganzraxuli, romigi mowmed daikiTxos, magram man uSualod dainaxa mo-pasuxis mier mosarCelis qonebisaTvis zianis miyene-


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bis faqti, an kidev, eswreboda mxareTa mier garigebisdadebis faqts da a. S., e. i. nebiT Tu uneblieT gaxdaiseTi faqtis mowme, romelsac am saqmis gadawyveti-saTvis aqvs mniSvneloba;

g) mosamarTlis acilebis erT-erTi safuZvelia mi-si naTesaoba mxaresTan an mis warmomadgenelTan. na-Tesavebis CamonaTvals Seicavs am muxlis me-2 nawili.Tu mosamarTlis naTesaoba mxaris an misi warmomadgen-lis mimarT am CamonaTvalidan erT-erTs Seesabameba,maSin igi Camocilebul unda iqnes saqmis ganxilvidan;

d) zogad SefasebiT msjelobaTa kategorias gane-kuTvneba ̀ d~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli acilebis safuZ-veli. amitom, am safuZvliT acilebis gancxadebisasmxare valdebulia miuTiTos iseT konkretul faqtob-riv garemoebebze, romlebic miuTiTeben imaze, rom mo-samarTle marTla dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT.cxadia, rom mosamarTlem yvelaze ukeT icis, marTladainteresebulia Tu ara igi saqmis SedegiT. amas aqvsmniSvneloba, magram ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvnelobaacilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis. es imas niSnavs,rom Tu mxare iseT konkretul faqtebze miuTiTebs,romlebic TavisTavad badeben eWvs mosamarTlis miu-kerZoeblobaSi, mosamarTle unda Camocildes saqmisganxilvas, Tumca igi Sinaganad sulac ar fiqrobs saq-mis mikerZoebulad gadawyvetas. mosamarTlis ganwyo-bas, mis Sinagan fsiqologiur mdgomareobas ar aqvsgadamwyveti mniSvneloba.

2. 31-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili naTesavebiswre sakmaod farToa, xolo ̀ z~ da ̀ T~ qvepunqtebSi mi-TiTebuli pirebis naTesaoba moiTxovs mosamarTlismxriv dakonkretebas. magaliTad, SeiZleba Tu ara mo-samarTlis acilebas safuZvlad daedos is faqti, rommisi Svili, meuRle Tu mSobeli aris erT-erTi mxarisnaTlia? am da sxva analogiur SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlemunda ixelmZRvanelos moyvrobis tradiciuli gagebiTda ise miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis Taobaze.

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muxli 32. TviTacileba

acilebis safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosa-marTle valdebulia ganacxados TviTaci-leba. TviTacilebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles(sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs ganCineba, romel-Sic unda mieTiTos TviTacilebis safuZve-li.

_ unda ganvasxvavoT acilebis ori saxe: TviTaci-leba da acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT. gansxvavebaisaa, rom TviTacileba xdeba TviTon mosamarTlis ini-ciativiT, xolo acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT _ es iq-neba acileba mxareTa iniciativiT.

saerTo am ori saxis acilebas Soris isaa, rom ro-gorc TviTacileba, ise acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT,unda emyarebodes im safuZvlebs, romlebsac iTvalis-winebs kanoni, kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeq-sis Sesabamisi normebi (29-31-e muxlebi).

_ TviTacileba, ise rogorc mxareTa gancxadeba aci-lebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos. dausabuTebeliTviTacileba SeiZleba TviTon gaxdes sxvadasxvagva-ri eWvebis sababi, rogorc mxareebis, ise am saqmis gan-xilviT dainteresebuli pirebisa da zemdgomi sasamar-Tlo instanciebisaTvis.

_ Tu TviTacileba ganacxada kolegiuri Semadgen-lobis erT-erTma mosamarTlem, misi acilebis sakiTxsgadawyveten sxva mosamarTleebi (ix. 34-e muxlis me-4nawilis komentari).

_ erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlisTviTacilebis SemTxvevaSi acilebis sakiTxs wyvetsTviT es mosamarTle (34-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadebaacilebis Sesaxeb

mxareebs SeuZliaT werilobiT ganacxa-


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don acileba. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxebmotivirebul unda iqnes da gakeTdes saq-mis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvismomzadebis dros. acilebis Taobaze Semd-gomi gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod im SemT-xvevaSi, Tu acilebis safuZveli im piri-saTvis, romelic acilebas moiTxovs, cno-bili gaxda an warmoiSva mTavari sxdomisdawyebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxa-deba acilebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia mxareTapaeqrobamde.

_ 33-e muxli calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom gancxadebaacilebis Sesaxeb wardgenil unda iqnes werilobiTiformiT. mxedvelobaSia acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebisSetana saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. magram, Tu am mux-liT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi acilebis gancxade-ba gakeTda saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, maSin aseTigancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTlo sxdo-mis oqmSi.

_ gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos motivire-buli. es imas niSnavs, rom gancxadebaSi, sul erTia, we-rilobiT iqneba es gakeTebuli Tu zepirad, miTiTebu-li unda iyos safuZvelze, romelic kanonis Tanaxmadiwvevs acilebas (29-31-e muxlebi). aramotivirebuligancxadeba ar SeiZleba dakmayofilebul iqnes.

_ 33-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebis uflebaze ganac-xadon acileba, magram mxedvelobaSia ara marto uSua-lod mxareebi, aramed mesame pirebi damoukidebelimoTxovniT, agreTve mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moT-xovnis gareSe (91-e muxli).

_ 33-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianure-bis mcdelobis winaaRmdeg erT metad efeqtur me-qanizms: acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Setanil unda iq-nes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sasamarTlos mTavarsxdomaze anu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros acilebisTaobaze gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod erTi pirobiT _

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Tu acilebis safuZveli cnobili gaxda ganmcxadebli-saTvis mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. am pirobassasamarTloebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mi-aqcion da ganuxrelad gaataron cxovrebaSi kanonis esmoTxovna, radgan igi jer-erTi, emsaxureba moqalaqe-Ta aRzrdas kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativis-cemis suliskveTebiT da meore, Tavidan icilebs saq-mis ganxilvis usafuZvlod gaWianurebas.

amitom, acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semomtanmapirma unda warudginos sasamarTlos damajerebelimtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom acilebis safuZvelimisTvis cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva saqmis zepir gan-xilvaze mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. mxolod amfaqtis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarT-los ̀ dauSvas gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb~ da ganixi-los igi. cxadia, rom acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daS-veba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom gancxadebuli aci-leba dakmayofildeba. Tu gansaxilvelad daSvebuligancxadebis ganxilvis dros aRmoCndeba, rom ar arse-bobs acilebis safuZveli _ sasamarTlo gamoitans gan-Cinebas acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebisgadawyvetis wesi

1. acilebis gancxadebis Semdeg sasamarT-lom (mosamarTlem) SeiZleba mousminos mxa-reebs, agreTve im pirs, romlis mimarTacganacxades acileba.2. acilebis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets

adgilze moTaTbirebiT an saTaTbiro oTax-Si.3. Tu acileba ganucxades mosamarTles,

romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saq-mes, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviT es mosa-marTle. acilebis miRebis an TviTacilebisSemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems


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sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic masgansaxilvelad gadascems sxva mosamarTles.Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi araris samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sxvamosamarTle, maSin sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-mare saqmes ugzavnis saapelacio sasamarT-los Tavmjdomares sxva raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.4. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri Se-

madgenlobis erT-erT mosamarTles, am mo-samarTlis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvetensxva darCenili mosamarTleebi asacilebe-li mosamarTlis dauswreblad. mosamarT-lis acilebis winaaRmdeg an aseTi acile-bis mxardasaWerad xmebis Tanabari raode-nobis dros mosamarTle acilebulad iTv-leba. aseT SemTxvevaSi igi unda Seicvalossxva mosamarTliT.5. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri

sasamarTlos mTel Semdagenlobas an misumravlesobas, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets amavesasamarTlos sruli Semadgenloba xmebisumravlesobiT. kolegiuri sasamarTlosmTeli Semadgenlobis an misi umravleso-bis acilebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gadaecemaamave sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelicsaqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems kolegiurisasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlobas.6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos pa-

latis an saapelacio sasamarTlos palatismTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSisaqme gadaecema Sesabamisi sasamarTlosTavmjdomares, romelic mas kanoniT dad-genili wesiT gansaxilvelad gadascems sxvaSemadgenlobas. Tu saapelacio sasamarT-loSi acilebis miRebisas an am kodeqsis29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb-

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Si SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Se-madgenlobis Seqmna, saqme egzavneba saqarTve-los uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaressxva saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gada-sacemad.

1. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnessasamarTloSi saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, xolo ka-noniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis arsebobisas _ sasa-marTlos mTavar sxdomazec (ix. 33-e muxlis komenta-ri). Tu aseTi piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo saer-Tod ar ganixilavs saqmis momzadebis damTavrebisSemdgom gancxadebul acilebas. rodesac gancxade-ba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanilia saqmis momzadebis sta-diaze, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos mousminos Tuara mxareebs, anu TviTon ganmcxadebels da mowinaaR-mdege mxares. Tu sasamarTlo an saqmis erTpirovnu-lad ganmxilveli mosamarTle Tvlis, rom mxareTa mos-mena saWiroa, is niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da mo-ismens mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareTa gamoucxdeblo-ba mosamzadebel sxdomaze ver daabrkolebs sakiTxisgadawyvetas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamo-aqvs ganCineba acilebis Sesaxeb an acilebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb.

Tu acileba gancxadebulia mTavar sxdomaze da igidasaSvebia 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maSin sasamarTlom un-da mousminos mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, rom-lebic eswrebian am sxdomas.

piri, romelsac ganucxades acileba, ar aris valde-buli misces raime ganmarteba mis mimarT gancxadebu-li acilebis Taobaze, magram Tu aseTi survili aqvs,sasamarTlom unda mousminos mas. mxedvelobaSia ise-Ti SemTxveva, rodesac acileba ganucxades kolegiu-ri sasamarTlos mosamarTles an sxva pirs (eqsperts,Tarjimans, sxdomis mdivans, specialists). Tu acile-ba ganucxades erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamar-Tles, maSin is araviTar ganmartebas acilebis Sesaxeb


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aravis ar aZlevs. misi pozicia aisaxeba ganCinebaSi,romelsac igi miiRebs gancxadebuli acilebis Taoba-ze.

2. acilebis sakiTxi, damoukideblad imisagan, Tu vismimarT ganacxades acileba, SeiZleba gadawyvitos sa-samarTlom rogorc adgilze moTaTbirebiT, ise saTaT-biro oTaxSi. igive unda iTqvas erTpirovnulad saqmisgamrCev mosamarTleze. masac SeuZlia saTaTbiro oTax-Si gausvlelad gamoitanos ganCineba acilebis Taoba-ze, rac Seitaneba oqmSi (ix. 284-e muxlis komentari),Tu es sakiTxi sasamarTlo sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli.

3. 34-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs erTpirov-nulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis acilebis anTviTacilebis wess, romlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetile-bas TviTacilebis Sesaxeb iRebs TviTon mosamarTle.sanam am sakiTxs gadawyvetdes, mosamarTles, Tu es massaWirod miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da mousmi-nos maT, roca acilebis sakiTxi dasmulia saqmis winas-wari momzadebis stadiaze, magram Tu es sakiTxi daisvamosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, maSin mosamarTlesSeuZlia mousminos am sxdomaze gamocxadebul mxare-ebs.

amrigad, acilebis sakiTxebze mxareTa mosmena damaTi mosazrebebis gageba araa aucilebeli da saval-debulo. yvelaferi damokidebulia mosamarTlis mi-xedulebaze.

yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca mosamarTlem miiRo acile-ba (TviTacileba), igi saqmes warudgens am sasamarTlosTavmjdomares, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad ga-dascems samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sxva mosamarT-les. aq mxedvelobaSia mosamarTleTa specializacia,romelic damkvidrebulia ̀ saerTo sasamarTloebis Se-saxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-151 muxliT.

4. kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganmxilveli sa-samarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis acilebis SemTx-vevaSi, rac xorcieldeba am muxlis me-4 nawiliT dad-genili wesiT, igi am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris meS-

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veobiT unda Seicvalos amave sasamarTlos sxva mosa-marTliT.

kolegiuri sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlisacilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten danarCeni mosamarTle-ebi, asacilebeli mosamarTlis gareSe, magram winaswar,e. i. acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetamde, SeiZleba mous-minon, rogorc am asacilebel mosamarTles, ise mxare-ebs.

5. kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis umravle-sobis an mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi,saqme gadaecema im sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, rome-lic saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Semadgenlobas gadas-cems.

magram, Tu am sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia mosamar-TleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, an imis gamo, romar aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba, an kidev,29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mizezis gamo (ix. am mux-lis komentari), maSin saqme unda gadaegzavnos Sesaba-mis saapelacio sasamarTlos saqmis sxva sasamarTlo-saTvis gadasacemad.

6. 34-e muxlis me-6 nawili iTvaliswinebs SesabamisisasamarTloebis palatebis, e. i. saapelacio sasamarT-loebis mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi amsasamarTloebis TavmjdomareTa meSveobiT palatissxva SemadgenlobisaTvis saqmis gadacemis wess. magramTu es SeuZlebelia, maSin saqme unda gadaeces saqarT-velos uzenaes sasamarTlos, romelic am saqmes gansa-xilvelad sxva Sesabamis sasamarTlos gadascems. maga-liTad, Tu acilebul iqna quTaisis saapelacio pala-tis mTeli Semadgenloba, maSin am sasamarTlos Tavmj-domare saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems saapelacio pa-latis sxva Semadgenlobas, magram Tu es SeuZlebelia,saqme unda gadaegzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamar-Tlos. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare am saqmesgansaxilvelad gadaugzavnis sxva saapelacio sasa-marTlos.

saqmis gadacema erTi sasamarTlos Semadgenlobi-


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dan amave sasamarTlos sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis, an er-Ti sasamarTlodan meore sasamarTloSi, warmoebs gan-Cinebis safuZvelze, romelsac iRebs erTpirovnuladsasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.

7. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca aci-leba ganucxades mTlianad sasamarTlos (magaliTad,Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, quTaisis saapela-cio sasamarTlos).

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblo-ba iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa acilebas da ara ama Tuim raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio Tu saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos acilebas. amitom, saqarTvelossasamarTlo sistemis romelime rgolis mimarT ganc-xadebuli acileba dauSvebelia da ar unda iqnes ganxi-luli.

muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis,specialistis, sxdomis mdivnisacilebis safuZveli

eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdo-mis mdivnis acileba dasaSvebia 31-e muxlispirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-vliT.

_ eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi, specialistebi da sxdo-mis mdivnebi, marTalia, asruleben sxvadasxva rols,magram isini yvelani mowodebuli arian xeli Seuwyonsaqmis sworad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. swored imi-tom, rom isini asruleben mniSvnelovan rols, kanoniiTvaliswinebs maTi acilebis SesaZleblobas.

_ maTi acilebis safuZveli igivea, rac mosamarTlisacilebis safuZveli (31-e muxli), magram SeiZleba mi-TiTebul iqnes sxva safuZvelic. magaliTad, Tu mxareacxadebs, rom eqsperti arakompetenturia da amas sa-Tanadod da damajereblad adasturebs, SeiZleba igiacilebul iqnes am safuZvliTac.

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_ eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomismdivnis acilebis wesi ZiriTadad ar gansxvavdeba mo-samarTleTa acilebis wesisagan. acilebis sakiTxswyvets sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) asacilebeli pirisada mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg an uamisod.

muxli 36. acilebis SesaxebsasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba

acilebis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCinebaSeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawy-vetilebasTan erTad, 377-e da 404-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT.

acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia ori gansx-vavebuli Sinaarsis ganCinebis gamotana: acilebaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb da acilebis dakmayofilebis Sesa-xeb.

arcerTi es ganCineba ar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ker-Zo saCivriT, e. i. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan da-moukideblad (ix. 377-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 404-emuxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).


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T a v i V

procesis xarjebi

muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra

1. procesis xarjebs Seadgens sasamarTloxarjebi da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi.2. sasamarTlo xarjebs Seadgens saxelm-

wifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-rebuli xarjebi. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakav-Sirebuli xarjebis gaangariSebis wesi damaTi odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelosprezidentis brZanebulebiT.3. sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs warmoad-

gens advokatisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, da-karguli xelfasi (ganacduri), mtkicebule-baTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebi,agreTve mxareTa sxva aucilebeli xarjebi.

1. procesis xarjebis cnebis Sinaarsi moicavs sasa-marTlo xarjebs da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs.

2. sasamarTlo xarjebi, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba saxel-mwifo baJisagan da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-li xarjebisagan.

_ saxelmwifo baJi _ esaa saqarTvelos biujetSisavaldebulo Senatani, romelsac ixdian fizikuri daiuridiuli pirebi saxelmwifos mier maTi interesebisSesabamisi iuridiuli moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvisda saTanado sabuTebis gacemisaTvis (`saxelmwifo ba-Jis Sesaxeb~ kanonis pirveli muxli). am ganmartebis Se-sabamisad saxelmwifo baJi sasamarTloSi _ esaa mxare-ebis, mesame pirebis damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ganm-cxadeblebis Senatanebi, rasac isini ixdian sasamarT-loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis, kanoniT gansazRvruliodenobiTa da wesiT (39-e muxli).

_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _es aris xarjebi, romlebic gadaxdil unda iqnes calke-

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uli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, agreTveim pirebisaTvis, romlebic exmarebian sasamarTlos mar-Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi (44-e muxli). gansxva-veba saxelmwifo baJsa da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-rebul xarjebs Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom, saxelm-wifo baJi _ es aris savaldebulo gadasaxadi sasamar-TloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis an calkeuli saprocesomoqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, rac winaswar gansazRv-rulia kanoniT (38-39-e muxlebi). saqmis ganxilvasTandakavSirebuli xarjebi _ esaa xarjebi, romlebic undaaunazRauron im pirebs, romlebic daxmarebas uweven sa-samarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi _ mow-meebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da a. S. (44-e muxli).

3. rogorc wesi, sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebis ode-noba ganisazRvreba faqtobrivad gaweuli danaxarje-biT, amitom dainteresebulma mxarem sasamarTlos un-da warudginos faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis odeno-bis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ver SeZlebs daakisros Sesa-bamis mxares am xarjebis anazRaurebis movaleoba.

muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi

saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebssaxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos ka-noniT dadgenili wesiT:a) sarCelze, agreTve gancxadebaze ga-

martivebuli wesiT gadaxdis brZanebis mi-Rebis Sesaxeb da gancxadebaze lizingissagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingissagnis dabrunebis Taobaze;b) Segebebul sarCelze;g) mesame piris sarCelebze, romelic damo-

ukidebel moTxovnebs acxadebs davis saganze;d) gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa

aRZvris Sesaxeb:e) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi da


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administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTo-bebidan warmoSobili davebis Sesaxeb;v) saapelacio saCivarze;z) sakasacio saCivarze;T) kerZo saCivarze.i) gancxadebaze sarCelis uzrunvelyofis

Sesaxeb;k) gancxadebaze axlad aRmoCenil garemoe-

baTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis angadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

38-e muxli Seicavs im moqmedebaTa amomwurav Camo-naTvals, romlebisTvisac gadaixdevineba saxelmwifobaJi. ̀ saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonisme-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo baJi gadaixdebaerovnuli valutiT bankebSi dadgenili formis qviT-ris gacemiT; baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-li xarjebi gadaxdil unda iqnes winaswar _ ama Tu imsaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebamde (sarCelis an gan-cxadebis Setanamde, saCivris Setanamde da a. S.), Tumxare kanoniT (46-e muxli) an sasamarTlos mier (47-emuxli) ganTavisuflebuli ar aris sasamarTlo xarje-bis gadaxdisagan (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba

1. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens:a) am kodeqsis 38-e muxlis `a~, `b~, `g~

da `e~,„ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulSemTxvevebSi - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3procents, magram aranakleb 100 larisa;b) saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,

saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sa-gnis Rirebulebis 4 procents, magramaranakleb 150 larisaK;_

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g) sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnisRirebulebis 5 procents, magram aranak-leb 300 larisa;d) kerZo saCivarze - 50 lars;e) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-

adebaze, agreTve saCivarze - Tu ganmcxade-beli fizikuri piria - 50 lars, xolo Tugamcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 150 lars;v) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo

saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancx-adebaze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria- 100 lars, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iu-ridiuli piria - 300 lars;z) gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesax-

eb gancxadebaze - 50 lars;T) araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, saa-

pelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesa-bamisad 150 da 300 lars;i) dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenas-

Tan dakavSirebiT warmoSobil davaze, rocasaqmis masalebi mxaris braliT daikarga -100 lars;k) Tamasuqis an Cekis Taobaze sarCelze -

100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivre-bze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars;l) udavo warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars,

saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Se-sabamisad 100 da 300 lars.2. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeze

saxelmwifo baJis odenoba yvela instanciissasamarTloSi Seadgens am muxlis pirvelinawiliT dadgenili odenobis naxevars.3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ar unda

aRematebodes 50 000 lars.


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I . saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisaskanonmdebeli xelmZRvanelobs ori erTmaneTisagangansxvavebuli kriteriumiT. erT-erTi aseTikriteriumia procentuli Tanafardoba sarCelis(davis sagnis) fasTan mimarTebaSi. 1. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenobaSeadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3 - procents,magram Tu es sami procenti 100 larze naklebia, maSinmosarCele valdebulia gadaixados 100 lari. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesigaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi kategoriis saqmeebze:

1) nebismier sarCelze, romelicaRZrulia qonebriv samarTlebrividavis Taobaze;

2) gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiTgadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb;

3) gancxadebaze lizingis sagnisdabrunebis Taobaze;

4) Segebebul sarCelze;5) mesame piris sarCelze, romelic

damoukidebel moTxovnas acxadebsdavis saganze;

6) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivida administraciul-samarTlebriviurTierTobebidan warmoSobilidavebis Sesaxeb.

2. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnisRirebulebis 4-procents, magram Tu es oTxi procenti150 larze naklebia maSin 150 lars: nebismieri saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Sorissaapelacio saCivrisaTvis raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlos ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva mxaressaqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze (ix. 430-e muxlis me-2nawilis komentari). sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan isgaremoeba, rom saapelacio saCivarze davis sagnisRirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu

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gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT SecvlazeSeaqvs saCivari mxares (ix. 365-e muxlis komentari).3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnisRirebulebis 5-procents, magram aranakleb 300 lars: nebismieri sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Sorissakasacio saCivrisaTvis saapelacio sasamarTlosganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb (ix. 430-e muxlis komentari). sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is,rom sakasacio saCivarze davis sagnis RirebulebaganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuligadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivarimxares (ix. 391-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). I I. meore kriteriumi, romliTac xelmZRvanelobskanonmdebeli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas- esaa myarad gansazRvruli Tanxis odenoba, romelicunda gadaixados mxarem ama Tu im kategoriis saqmeze. aRsaniSnavia, rom baJis odenoba sxvadasxvakategoriis saqmeze sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,nebismier kerZo saCivarze es Tanxa Seadgens 50 lars,araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, xolo, Tu araqonebrivdavaze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setaniliiqneba saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJisodenoba Seadgens Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars, udavowarmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars, magram Tu udavo warmoebissaqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili iqnebasaapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis odenobaSeadgens Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars da a.S. (ix. ammuxlis „d-l” qvepunqtebi). I I I. 39-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifobaJis odenobas magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadsaqmeebze. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebiCamoTvlilia me-14 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). imismixedviT, Tu saqmeTa romel kategorias ganekuTvnebaes saqme saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens im Tanxisnaxevars, rasac gadaixdida mxare es saqme rom raionuli(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi yofiliyo. igive wesiT


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ganisazRvreba baJis odenoba Tu mxares Seaqvs saapelacio(sakasacio) saCivari magistrati mosamarTlis miergamotanil gadawyvetilebaze. amasTan, magistratimosamarTlis gansjad saqmeTa ganxilvisas saxelmwifobaJis odenoba naxevrdeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu saqmesixilavs aramagistrati (raionuli sasamarTlos sxva)mosamarTle. magaliTad, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSiaRZrul sarCelzed baJis odenoba Seadgens sarCelissagnis Rirebulebis 3-procents, magistratimosamarTlis gansjad sarCelze baJis odenoba Seadgensam sarCelis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 1,5 procents.aseve, Tu raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebazeSetanili saapelacio saCivarze baJis odenoba udrisdavis sagnis 4-procents, magistrati mosamarTlisgansjad saqmeze Setanil saapelacio saCivarze baJisodenoba udris davis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 2procents da a.S. I V. 39-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifobaJis maqsimalur odenobas - 50 000 lars. es imas niSnavs,rom SeiZleba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan procentuligaangariSebis mixedviT baJis odenoba 100,000 da meticiyos, magram 50 000 larze mets mxare ar gadaixdis.

muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba

1. davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCe-le. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasiaSkarad ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis re-alur Rirebulebas, davis sagnis fass gan-sazRvravs mosamarTle sadavo qonebis sa-bazro Rirebulebis mixedviT.2. Tu erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva

moTxovnaa Camoyalibebuli, maSin es moT-xovnebi unda Sejamdes da amis Semdeg ga-nisazRvros sadavo sagnis Rirebuleba.3. sadavo sagnis Sefasebisas mxedveloba-

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Si miiReba im dros arsebuli fasebi, ro-desac Setanil iqna sarCeli, xolo gadaw-yvetilebis gasaCivrebisas - _ saCivris Set-anis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi.

1. davis sagnis (sarCelis sagnis) Rirebulebis gan-sazRvris movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles. es imas niS-navs, rom mosarCelem Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTiTosdavis sagnis fasze. es pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuliagreTve 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ T~ qvepunqtiT(ix. am muxlis komentari). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCe-le ar Seasrulebs am movaleobas, e. i. ar miuTiTebs da-vis sagnis fasze, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovossarCeli umoZraod (185-e muxli).

_ mosamarTles, romelmac unda gadawyvitos sakiT-xi sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb, ufleba aqvs Seamowmos,Seesabameba Tu ara mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli sar-Celis fasi mis namdvil Rirebulebas. Tu mosamarTlemiva im daskvnamde, rom mosarCelis mier miTiTebulifasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazroRirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem undagansazRvros. Tu davis sagnis (sadavo qonebis) namdviliRirebulebis gansazRvra mosamarTlisTvisac Znelia, masSeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).

2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs erT sar-CelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnis gaerTianebas(182-e muxli). es sxvadasxva moTxovnebi cal-calke kiar unda Sefasdes, aramed unda ganisazRvros gaerTia-nebuli moTxovnebis fasi, e. i. unda Sejamdes ara cal-calke Sefasebuli moTxovnebis fasi, aramed Sejame-buli moTxovnebis fasi, ris Sedegad miviRebT am moT-xovnebis saerTo fass.

es wesi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasa-marTloSi Semosulia ramdenime erTgvarovani saqme dasasamarTlom mizanSewonilad cno maTi gaerTianebaerT warmoebad (182-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT SemTx-


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vevaSi gaerTianebuli sarCelebis Sefaseba cal-calkeunda moxdes.

3. me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs, romsadavo sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelo-baSi miiReba fasebi, romlebic arsebobs sarCelis (ker-Zo saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris) Setanisas.

muxli 41. davis sagnis fasisgansazRvris wesi

davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba:a) fuladi gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCe-

lisa _- gadasaxdeli TanxiT;b) nivTis (qonebis) gadacemis an miwodeb-

is Sesaxeb sarCelisa - am nivTis (qonebis)sabazro RirebulebiT;g) alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sar-

Celisa _- erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasax-deli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;d) vadiani gasacemisa da gadasaxdelis

Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ araumetes sami wlisganmavlobaSi gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tan-xebis erTobliobiT;e) uvado an samudamo (gardacvalebam-

de) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sesaxeb sar-Celisa - sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gasacemian gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;v) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Semcirebis

anda gadidebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - im Tanx-iT, romliTac mcirdeba anda diddeba gasa-cemi an gadasaxdeli, magram ara umeteserTi wlis ganmavlobaSi;z) qonebis qiravnobis xelSekrulebis va-

damde moSlis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - _ darCenilivadiT, magram ara umetes sami wlis ganmav-lobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;T) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sewyvetis

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Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ ara umetes sami wlisganmavlobaSi darCenili gasacemi an gada-saxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;i) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebis cno-

bis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - uZravi nivTis sa-bazro RirebulebiT;k) 4 000 lariT, Tu qonebriv-samarT-

lebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an sx-vagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra.2. Tu araqonebriv davasTan erTad ganix-

ileba misgan warmoSobili qonebriv-samarT-lebrivi dava, davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvre-ba ufro maRali Rirebulebis moTxovnismixedviT.

1. 41-e muxli Seicavs davis sagnis fasis gansazRvriszogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad qonebriv davebSi davissagnis fasi ganisazRvreba gadasaxdeli TanxiT, rocamosarCele garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdas moiTxovsmopasuxisagan, an nivTis RirebulebiT, rocamosarCele Tavisi sarCeliT nivTis gadacemas anmiwodebas moiTxovs. 2. am zogadi wesidan daSvebulia garkveuligamonaklisebi. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCelialimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb TveSi 20 larisodenobiT, magram es 20 lari unda gadamravldes 12Tveze da miviRebT 240 lars (wlis ganmavlobaSigadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobas). am 240 laridanunda moxdes baJis odenobis gansazRvra, analogiuriwesiT xdeba sarCelis fasis gansazRvra zogierT sxvaSemTxvevaSi (ix. am muxlis „e” qvepunqti). 3. yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, romsarCelis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas unda Sefasdesmxolod sadavo qoneba, e.i. davis sagani. magaliTad, TusarCeli aRZrulia qonebidan wilis gamoyofis Sesaxebunda ganisazRvros am wilis fasi da amis mixedviT


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ganisazRvros saxelmwifo baJis odenoba. aseve, Tusaapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari moiTxovsmikuTvnebuli Tanxis gazrdas, sarCelis fasi iqneba imTanxis odenoba, ra odenobiTac is moiTxovsgasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli Tanxisgazrdas. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom nawilobrivdaakmayofila sarCeli 10,000 laris odenobiT, xolonawilobriv uari uTxra mis dakmayofilebaze 20,000laris odenobiT, rac mxarem gaasaCivra, maSinsaapelacio saCivris fasi iqneba 20 000 lari. 3. dava SeiZleba gamoiwvios 41-e muxlis pirvelinawilis „k” qvepunqtiT ganmtkicebulma debulebam,romlis Tanaxmad davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba 4 000lariT, Tu qonebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa ansxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra. saqme isaa, rom davis sagnis fasis miTiTeba -mosarCelis movaleobaa. es movaleoba pirdapiraagaTvaliswinebuli 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „v”qvepunqtiT, Tu mosarCele ar Seavsebs am xarvezsmosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSimiRebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi mosarCelisaTvisdabrunebis Sesaxeb. (ix. 178-e da 185-e muxlebiskomentari). mosamarTles mxolod erTi ram SeuZlia:Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli davis sagnis fasi arSeesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazroRirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem undagansazRvros, Tu saWiroa, specialistis monawileobiT(ix. me-40 muxlis komentari). magram, Tu mosamarTlemver SeZlo davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra, man undaixelmZRvanelos davis sagnis im fasiT, romelzecmiuTiTebs mosarCele Tavis sarCelSi. 4. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi 2006wlis 13 ivliss Setanili cvlilebebisa da damatebebisSedegad amoRebul iqna 43-e muxli, romelicaraqonebriv davebSi sarCelis (davis sagnis) fasisgansazRvris wess adgenda. amis nacvlad SemoRebul

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iqna araqonebriv davebSi saxelmwifo baJis (da aradavis sagnis) mtkiced gansazRvruli odenoba (ix. 39-emuxlis „T” qvepunqti). amitom, kolizia araqonebrivdavis sagnis Rirebulebasa da qonebrivi davisRirebulebas Soris aRar unda warmoiSvas.

muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra

Tu sarCelis aRZvris momentSi SeuZlebe-lia davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gan-sazRvra, saxelmwifo baJis odenobas winas-war gansazRvravs mosamarTle, Semdeg kixdeba damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetadgadaxdilis ukan dabruneba saqmis gadawyve-tisas dadgenili sarCelis fasis Sesabamisad.

_ sarCelis aRZvris dros yovelTvis ar aris SesaZ-lebeli davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRv-ra, amitom kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas winas-war, daaxloebiT mainc ganisazRvros baJis odenoba (daara sagnis Rirebuleba), xolo Semdeg ki SeiZleba mox-des damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilisukan dabruneba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganisazRvrasarCelis fasi sabolood.

_ mosarCeles SeuZlia, mas Semdeg rac man aRZra sar-Celi, gaadidos Tavisi sasarCelo moTxovna an Secva-los sarCelis sagani (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sasarCe-lo moTxovnis gadidebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisad un-da moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba, xolo Tu sarCe-lis sagnis Secvla iwvevs davis sagnis gadidebas, am Sem-TxvevaSic unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba. mag-ram Tu moxda sasarCelo moTxovnis Semcireba an TusarCelis sagnis Secvlam gamoiwvia aseTi Semcireba, ma-Sin Sesabamisad unda moxdes baJis Semcirebac, e. i. zed-metad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba. damatebiTi gadax-


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devineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba Se-iZleba moxdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT.

muxli 43. amoRebulia

muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTandakavSirebuli xarjebi

saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xar-jebia:a) mowmeebis, specialistebisa da eqsper-

tebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi;b) Tarjimnad mowveuli pirebisaTvis mi-

sacemi Tanxebi;g) adgilobriv daTvalierebaze gaweuli

xarjebi;d) mopasuxis moZebnis xarjebi;e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-

lebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi;v) advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan

gadaxdili Tanxebi.z) specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi

sasamarTlo eqspertizis Catarebis xarjebi

1. 44-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSire-buli xarjebis amomwurav CamonaTvals. saqmis ganxil-vasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi saxelmwifo baJTan er-Tad Seadgens maT erTobliobaSi sasamarTlo xarjebs.yvela sxva xarjebi aris sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi(37-e muxlis me-3 naw.) 2. xarjebi, romlebic unda mieceT mowmeebs,eqspertebs, specialistebs da TarjimnebsgaTvaliswinebulia 45-e muxliT. rac Seexeba adgilze daTvalierebas, sasamarTlomunda gansazRvros am xarjebis odenoba da daakisrosmisi gadaxda erT-erT an orive mxares, imisda mixedviT

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erT-erTi mxaris Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT warmoebsdaTvaliereba (ix. 126-e muxlis komentari). 3. mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas iTvaliswinebs 3566-emuxlis pirveli nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). gardaamisa, „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTveloskanonis 30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs movalis Zebnas saqmeebzealimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiTan janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalissikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an roca igispecialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas. aseTSemTxvevebSi mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiisorganoebis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb. 4. gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebac dakavSirebuliagarkveul xarjebTan, es xarjebi gaTvaliswinebulia„saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis39-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad aRsrulebasTandakavSirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba: 1. im pirebisaTvisasanazRaurebeli Tanxebi, romelTa mowvevacaucilebeli iyo karebis an sacavis gaxsnisaTvis; 2.nivTebis Sesanaxad gadasaxdeli Tanxebi; 3. xarjebi,romlebic warmoiSva sajaro vaWrobis gamocxadebisas; 4.xarjebi, romlebic warmoiSva movalis dakavebiT; 5.auqcionis Catarebis xarjebi. mopasuxis moZebnisa da gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaurebawarmoebs am kodeqsis 51-e muxliT, agreTve„saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis38-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 51-e muxlis komentari). 5. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebsmiekuTvneba advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodangadaxdili Tanxebi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 47-e muxlisme-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). 6. specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaTa kategoriasmiekuTvnebian kerZo specialuri saeqspertodawesebulebebi da saxelmwifo specialurisaeqsperto dawesebulebebi. am dawesebulebaTa


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eqspertebis mier gaweuli SromisaTvis dasasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebisanazRaurebis wess gansazRvravs 45-e muxlis pirvelida me-2 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis,specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvisgadasaxdeli Tanxebi

1. mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,Tarjimnebs aunazRaurdebaT sasamarTlo-Si gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli mgzavrobi-sa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebisxarjebi da miecemaT dRiuri Tanxa. amasTan,kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebule-bebi (damoukidebeli eqspertebi), special-istebi, Tarjimnebi iReben gasamrjelosdadebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze sasa-marTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSao-saTvis. anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvri-sas mxedvelobaSi miiReba dro, romelicmaT unda moaxmaron sasamarTlos davalebisSesrulebas, masalebi, romlebic saWiroiqneba am movaleobis saTanadod Sesruleb-isaTvis da sxva.2. saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto

dawesebulebisaTvis sasamarTlo-saeqpertomomsaxurebis (specialistis, Tarjimnis)anazRaurebas axorcielebs eqspertizisdamniSvneli organo (Tanamdebobis piri),saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenilinormebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad, imSemTxvevebis garda, rodesac aRniSnulimomsaxurebis gaweva warmoebs saxelmwifoan sxva saxsrebidan gamoyofili programu-li dafinansebis farglebSi.3. muSakebs, romlebic mowmeebad arian

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dabarebulni sasamarTloSi, samuSao ad-gilze unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi. mow-meebs, romlebic ar arian SromiT urTier-TobaSi, samuSaodan an Cveulebrivi saqmia-nobidan mocdenisaTvis eZlevaT gasamrje-lo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa daSromis anazRaurebis minimaluri odenobisgaTvaliswinebiT.

1. am muxlSi CamoTvlil yvela pirs, mowmeebs,eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs, romlebicmowodebuli arian daexmaron sasamarTlosmarTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, ekuTvniTanazRaureba mgzavrobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli sadgomisdaqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis im odenobiT, racgansazRvrulia TiToeuli am miznisaTvis SesabamisitarifebiT qveynis SigniT mivlinebisaTvis, xolo TuaseTi tarifebi ar arsebobs maSin faqtiurad gaweulixarjebisaTvis, rac unda dadasturdes SesabamisidokumentebiT sasamarTlosaTvis wardgeniT. 2. garda am xarjebisa eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi daspecialistebi damatebiT iReben gasamrjelossasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis.am gasamrjelos miRebis odenoba, safuZveli da wesigansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu romeli saeqspertodawesebulebis TanamSromelia eqsperti (Tarjimani,specialisti). 3. Tu eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) kerZospecialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebisTanamSromelia, romelsac am muxlis me-2 nawili„damoukidebel eqsperts” uwodebs, maSin isinigasamrjelos iReben im odenobiT, rac gansazRvruliamaTsa da sasamarTlos Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT. 45-e muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs zogad kriteriums,romlis safuZvelze sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros imgasamrjelos odenoba, romelic unda mieces eqsperts,specialists, Tarjimans. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad


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eqspertis gasamrjelos odenobis gansazRvrisassasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos dro, romelicman, agreTve Tarjimanma, specialistma unda moaxmaronsasamarTlos davalebis Sesrulebas, masalebi,romlebic saWiro iqneba am movaleobis Sesasrulebladan romlebic unda gaanalizos eqspertma da a.S. 4. sxva wesiT iRebs gasamrjelos eqsperti, (Tarjimani,specialisti), romelic saxelmwifo specialurisaeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia. anazRaurebasaxorcielebs eqspertizis damniSvneli organo an amorganos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, magaliTad,sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), prokuratura (prokurori,gamomZiebeli) da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi anazRaurebisodenobis gansazRvra warmoebs saqarTvelos mTavrobismier dadgenili normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad.10

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifo specialurisaeqsperto dawesebuleba saeqsperto an sxvagvarmomsaxurebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo an sxvasaxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebisfarglebSi, maSin eqspertizis damniSvneli organoTavisufldeba yovelgvari anazRaurebisagan, risSesaxebac unda ecnobos am organos (Tanamdebobis pirs). 45-e muxlis me-2 nawilis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviTsaxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperti(Tarjimani, specialisti) gasamrjelos iRebs arauSualod eqspertizis damniSnavi organosagan, aramedsaxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebisagan, romelsacSesabamisi tarifebis mixedviT gadaericxeba Tanxa. 5. Tu mowmeebad gamosaZaxebeli pirebi umuSevrebiarian, maT garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuliTanxebisa, eZlevaT agreTve gasamrjelo faqtobrivaddaxarjuli droisa da Sromis anazRaurebis imminimaluri odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, racdadgenilia oficialurad mTeli qveynis masStabiT.

10 ix. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2005 wlis 11 martis dadgenileba„sasamarTlo-saeqsperto momsaxurebis tarifebis damtkicebisSesaxeb“

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muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba

1. saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sa-samarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisuf-ldebian:a) mosarCeleebi - alimentis gadaxdevi-

nebis sarCelebze;b) mosarCeleebi _- dasaxiCrebiT an janm-

rTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCe-nalis sikvdiliT miyenebuli zianis anaz-Raurebis sarCelebze;g) mosarCeleebi -_ danaSauliT miyenebu-

li materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis sar-Celebze;d) mxareebi - ukanono msjavrdebis, sisx-

lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod mi-cemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebad dapatimrebisukanonod gamoyenebis an gamasworebel sa-muSaoTa saxiT administraciuli saxdelisukanonod dadebis Sedegad moqalaqisaTvismiyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebasTan da-kavSirebul sarCelebze;e) mosarCeleebi - arasrulwlovanTa ufle-

bebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze;v) mxareebi, romlebic arian socialurad

daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian baza-Si registrirebuli pirebi, rac dasturde-ba socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTaerTian bazaSi registraciis mowmobiT;z) mxareebi - winaswari (Sualeduri) gad-

wyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wese-biT gasaCivrebisas.2. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iq-

nes saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblodsasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan mxare-Ta gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic.


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1. im SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvali, romlebsac Seicavs46-e muxli, ar aris amomwuravi, radgan am muxlis miermeore nawilis Tanaxmad, kanonmdeblobiT SeiZlebagaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetissasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagangaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic. 2. „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonisme-5 muxli afarTovebs im pirTa wres, romlebicTavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan.amitom, mizanSewonilad vcaniT mTlianadgadmogvetana Sesabamisi amonaridi „saxelmwifobaJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonidan: 1. saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebzesaxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian: a) fizikuri pirebi - sarCelebze xelfasisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb da sxva moTxovnebze SromisanazRaurebis Taobaze, romlebic gamomdinareobsSromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan; b) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze, romlebicgamomdinareobs saavtoro, agreTve aRmoCenis,gamogonebis, racionalizatoruli winadadebebisa dasamrewvelo nimuSebis uflebebidan; g) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze alimentebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; d) fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi - maTze imdokumentebis gacemisaTvis, romlebic dakavSirebuliasisxlis samarTlisa da alimentis saqmeebTan; e) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,romelic miyenebulia dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxvadazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT; v) fizikuri pirebi - sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTandakavSirebul sakasacio saCivrebze danaSaulisSedegad miyenebuli materialuri zaralis amoRebissisworis Sesaxeb; z) socialuri dazRvevis organoebi da socialuriuzrunvelyofis organoebi regresul sarCelebze zianismimyeneblis mier dazaralebulze gacemuli daxmarebis

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an pensiis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, xolo socialuriuzrunvelyofis organoebi - agreTve sarCelebzearasworad miRebuli daxmarebebisa da pensiebis Sesaxeb; T) mosarCele - danaSauliT miyenebuli materialurizaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sarCelze; i) mxareebi - sakasacio saCivrebze ganqorwinebissaqmeebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; k) Sinagan saqmeTa organoebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi -sarCelebze im pirebis ZebnasTan dakavSirebulixarjebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavs aridebenalimentebisa da sxva msgavsi Tanxebis gadaxdas; l) saxelmwifo safinanso-sakredito, sagadasaxado,sabaJo da sxva makontrolebeli organoebi, rogorcmosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi - sarCelebzegadasaxadebis, mosakreblebis, saxelmwifo baJisa dasxva aucilebeli gadasaxdelebis biujetSi gadaxdisada biujetidan Tanxebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, agreTvegansakuTrebuli warmoebis saqmeebze; m) invalidebi, invalidTa sazogadoebriviorganizaciebi, maTi dawesebulebebi, saswavlo-sawarmooorganizaciebi da gaerTianebebi - yvela sarCelze; m1) socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTianbazaSi registrirebuli piri, rac dasturdeba socialuraddaucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi, registraciismowmobiT; n) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze istoriuli, mxatvrulida sxva faseulobis ukanono mflobelobidangamoTxovis Sesaxeb; o) mxareebi - sarCelebze materialuri zaralisanazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebulia fizikuripiris ukanonod gasamarTlebis, misi sisxlis samarTlispasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebissaxiT ukanonod dapatimrebis an dapatimrebis saxiTadministraciuli saxdelis ukanonod dadebis Sedegad; p) iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da ltolvilebi- saCivrebze maTi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirad daltolvilad arcnobis Sesaxeb;


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J) saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis saministro, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe -sarCelebze garemos gaWuWyianebisa da garemos dacviskanonmdeblobis sxva darRvevebis SedegadsaxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zaralis asanazRaurebladbiujetSi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; r) veteranebi, romlebmac „omisa da SeiaraRebuliZalebis veteranebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonismoTxovnaTa dasacavad mimarTes sasamarTlos; s) saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobissaministro - saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebasTandakavSirebul sadavo sakiTxebze; t) sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento, rogorcmosarCele an mopasuxe - sarCelze miwis dacvis wesebisSeusruleblobisa da miwis kanonmdeblobis sxvadarRvevebis Sedegad saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebulizianis asanazRaureblad biujetSi Tanxebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; u) dawesebulebebi (organizaciebi) romelTa xarjebifinansdeba mxolod saxelmwifo biujetidan - yvelasaqmeze; f) arqiteqturul-samSeneblo inspeqciebi, rogorcmosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi, saqarTveloskanonmdeblobiT maT kompetencias mikuTvnebulsakiTxebze; q) mSobeli an arasrulwlovanis kanonieriwarmomadgeneli, rogorc mosarCele - sarCelzearasrulwlovnis uflebebis darRvevis an misTvismiyenebuli qonebrivi Tu moraluri zianisanazRaurebis Taobaze; R) saqarTvelos erovnuli banki - yvela sarCelze. y) likvidaciaSi myofi komerciuli bankebi daarasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebi-sakreditokavSirebi - komerciuli bankebisa da arasabankosadepozito dawesebulebebis - sakreditokavSirebisaTvis daufaravi sesxebis, sesxebis

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procentebisa da sxva debitoruli davalianebebisdabrunebaze aRZrul yvela sarCelze; S) saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia- „fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb” saqarTveloskanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi; C) mosarCele - ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebissaxelmwifosTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb aRZrulsarCelebze; c) mosarCele - Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono dadausabuTebeli qonebisa da reketuli qonebissaxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze aRZrulsarCelebze; Z) saqarTvelos Tavisufali vaWrobisa dakonkurenciis saagento, rogorc mosarCele anmopasuxe - sarCelze Tavisufali vaWrobisa dakonkurenciis kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTadarRvevebis Taobaze; w) saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, rogorcmosarCele - normatiul aqtebTan dakavSirebulsadavo sakiTxebze. 2. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSisaerTo sasamarTloebis mier Setanil konstituciurwardginebaze saxelmwifo baJi ar gadaixdevineba”. 3. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „a” qvepunqtisa da„saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-5muxlis „g” punqtis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi alimentisgadaxdevinebis sarCelebze. es imas niSnavs, rom, TumosarCele moiTxovs alimentis moculobis Semcirebas,aseTi mosarCeleebi gadaixdian saxelmwifo baJs, magramTu isini moiTxoven alimentis gadaxdevinebas an misimoculobis gazrdas - aseTi mosarCelenigaTavisuflebulni arian baJis gadaxdisagan. 46-e muxlis„g” qvepunqtisa da „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb”saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli nawilis „T” qvepunqtisTanaxmad, sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisaganTavisufldebian mosarCeleebi danaSauliT miyenebuli


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zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze, magram aqmxedvelobaSia danaSauli, romelic dadasturebuliakanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT, romliTac mopasuxeaRiarebulia damnaSaved. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloxarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi,magram ara mopasuxeebi, romlebic aRiarebuli ariandamnaSaveebad. analogiurad, 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis„d” qvepunqtis gamoyenebisas saWiroa, rom arsebobdesSesabamisi kompetenturi organos, kerZod sasamarTlosdadgenileba (ganaCeni, ganCineba), romliTac piricnobilia ukanonod msjavrdebulad, sisxlis samarTlispasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemulad, administraciulisasjelis ukanonod dadebulad da a.S. 4. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidangamomdinare mosarCeleebi am muxlSi CamoTvlilSemTxvevebSi Tavisufldebian ara sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdisagan saerTod, aramed sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdisagan saxelmwifo biujetSi. es imas niSnavs,rom isini ar arian gaTavisuflebuli iseTixarjebisagan, romlebic maT unda gadaixadon erT-erTimxaris sasargeblod.

muxli 47. sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebasasamarTlos mier

1. sasamarTlos, moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgo-mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia mTlia-nad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos igi sa-xelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamar-Tlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan.2. Tu mxares ar SeuZlia advokatis xar-

jebis anazRaureba, sasamarTlos uflebaaqvs am mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelzemoiwvios advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, Tugansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sir-Tulis gamo advokatis monawileoba am saq-

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mis ganxilvaSi mizanSewonilia. aseT SemT-xvevaSi advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas sax-elmwifo biujetidan davis sagnis Rirebu-lebis 4 procentamde odenobiT. araqone-brivi davis dros gansaxilveli saqmis mniS-vnelobisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiTadvokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifobiujetidan 2000 laramde odenobiT.3. erTi mxaris gaTavisufleba sasamarT-

lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan meore mxarissasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis valdebu-lebebze gavlenas ar axdens.

1. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan sasamarTlomSeiZleba gaaTavisuflos mxolod fizikuri da ara iu-ridiuli piri. iuridiuli piris mimarT dasaSvebia mxo-lod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba an maTiodenobis Semcireba (48-49-e muxlebi).

fizikuri piris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagangaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlommxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ori garemoeba: pirveli _moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas araqvs saSualeba gadaixados sasamarTlo xarjebi. am ga-remoebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba TviTon am fi-zikur pirs, da meore, gaTavisufleba SeiZleba mxo-lod iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romle-bic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amitom, mxa-re ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes iseTi sasamarTlo xar-jebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic erT-erTi mxaris sasar-geblod unda gadaixados.

2. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis mowvevisaTvis sa-Wiroa Semdegi pirobebis erTdroulad arseboba:

a) saqmis masalebidan unda Candes, rom mas ar SeuZ-lia misi qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo advokatis xar-jebis anazRaureba.

b) gansaxilveli saqme imdenad mniSvnelovani da rTu-lia, rom Zneli iqneba daicvas mxarem Tavisi uflebebi.


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3. Tu sasamarTlom sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdi-sagan gaaTavisufla erT-erTi mxare, es cxadia ar aTa-visuflebs meore mxares aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan.meore mxare valdebulia gaiRos yvela is xarji, rasacis gaiRebda, rom erT-erTi mxare ar yofiliyo gaTavi-suflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. 53-e muxlis ko-mentari).

muxli 48. sasamarTlo xarjebisgadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobisSemcireba

sasamarTlos, mxareTa qonebrivi mdgoma-reobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZlia erT anorive mxares gadaudos saxelmwifo biuje-tis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis ga-daxda, anda Seamciros am xarjebis odenoba.

_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gaTavisuflebasTanerTad (47-e muxli) samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iT-valiswinebs: a) sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadade-bas; da b) sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcirebas.ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlos SeuZlia erTdroulad Seam-ciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba da gadaudos mx-ares am Semcirebuli xarjebis gadaxda. TiToeuli amsakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobserTi kriteriumiT _ mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobiT.

_ sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcireba yovel-Tvis ar aris damokidebuli sasamarTlos mixeduleba-ze. arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretulisafuZvlebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamar-Tlo valdebulia Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis ode-noba (49-e muxli).

_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebis, Tu ma-Ti odenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba, romelic ar saCivrdeba.

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muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobisSemcireba

1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mo-sarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxecnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,saxelmwifo baJis odenoba naxevrdeba.2. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomamde

mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxecnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelm-wifo baJis gadaxdisagan.3. Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma an sarCelis

cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexeba,saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis valdebuleba gan-isazRvreba darCenili nawilis Sesabamisad.4. saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebSi

saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan mTlianadgaTavisufleba an saxelmwifo baJis ode-nobis ganaxevreba xdeba am muxliT dadge-nili wesiT, mxolod am instanciebisaTvisgansazRvruli saxelmwifo baJis odenobisfarglebSi.

1. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqma, mopasuxismier sarCelis cnoba, mxareTa morigeba warmoadgensdispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,am principis praqtikul realizacias. kanonmdebeli yovelnairad cdilobs waaxalisosmxareTa aseTi moqmedeba, radgan igi xels uwyobsprocesis ekonomiis principis moTxovnaTaganxorcielebas, saqmis gadawyvetis daCqarebas,procesis xarjebis Semcirebas da a.S. swored aRniSnuli mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli ammuxlis pirveli nawiliT damkvidrebuli debuleba,romlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba


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naxevrdeba, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelzemopasuxe cnobs sarCels, an mxareebi morigdebian. magram romeli mxare ixdis im ganaxevrebulsaxelmwifo baJs? es sakiTxi mowesrigebulia 54-e muxliT, romlisTanaxmad Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze baJisnaxevars gadaixdis TviT es mosarCele, xolo, Tumopasuxem cno sarCeli baJis am naxevars mopasuxegadaixdis. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi morigdebian baJis naxevrisgadaxda ganawildeba orive mxares Soris, magram Tumxareebma TviTon gaiTvaliswines baJis gadaxdisganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs gadawyvets maTiSeTanxmebis Sesabamisad (54-e muxlis me-2 naw.) 2. mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifobaJis gadaxdisagan, Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCeliscnoba an mxareTa morigeba ganxorcielda sasamarTlosmTavar sxdomamde. 3. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCelze uaris Tqma ansarCelis cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexos.aseT SemTxvevaSi baJis odenoba ganisazRvreba davissagnis im nawilis fasis mixedviT, romelzec uars arambobs mosarCele, an ar cnobs mopasuxe. 5. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,agreTve mxareTa morigebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlosgamoaqvs ganCineba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb(ix. 272-e muxlis komentari), romelzec SeiZleba kerZosaCivris Setana. am ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo baJisganaxevrebis, Tu misgan mTlianad gaTavisuflebisSesaxeb, imis mixedviT, Tu romel etapze TqvamosarCelem uari sarCelze an romel etapzemorigdnen mxareebi. mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSisasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelisdakmayoflebis Sesaxeb (ix. 208-e muxlis me-3 nawiliskomentari).

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6) sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an mxareTamorigeba dasaSvebia saapelacio da sakasacioinstanciis sasamarTloebSic. magram saxelmwifo baJisganaxevreba an misi gadaxdisagan mTlianadgaTavisufleba SeiZleba Seexos mxolod saapelaciosaCivrisaTvis an sakasacio saCivrisaTvis Setanilsaxelmwifo baJs. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo baJisodenoba, romelic Setanilia pirveli instanciiTsaqmis ganxilvisaTvis ucvleli rCeba.

muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiTgamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba

Tu adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba am sasa-marTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis far-glebs gareT, sasamarTlos an mosamarTles,romelic aseT daTvalierebas awarmoebs, au-nazRaurdeba mgzavrobasTan, binis daqira-vebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, agreTvemiecema dRiuri Tanxa.

_ 50-e muxli iTvaliswinebs adgilze daTvaliere-biT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaurebis dasaSvebobas,Tu aseTi daTvaliereba xdeba ̀ sasamarTlos terito-riuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT.~ aq igulisxmebaiseTi viTareba, rodesac teritoriuli gansjadobisgareTa farglebi, sadac unda moxdes adgilze daTva-liereba, imdenad daSorebulia daTvalierebis Camta-rebeli sasamarTlos gansjadobis teritoriidan, romsaWiro xdeba damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba mgzavrobi-saTvis, binis daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis.

_ adgilze daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xar-jebis dafarvis wesi Camoyalibebulia 126-e muxlSi.

mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisa da kvebisaT-vis anazRaurebis odenoba unda ganisazRvros saqarT-velos teritoriaze samivlinebo xarjebisaTvis dad-


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genili tarifebis mixedviT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arse-bobs _ faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis mixedviT.

muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalismoZebna

mopasuxis moZebna, roca es gaTvaliswine-bulia kanoniT, warmoebs saxelmwifo biu-jetis xarjze da gadaxdeba, Sesabamisad,mopasuxes _- saxelmwifo biujetis sasar-geblod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis ga-motanis Semdeg, xolo movales -_ gadawyve-tilebis aRsrulebis dros. movales gadax-deba agreTve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi.

mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadeba gaTvaliswinebulia 3566

muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad reketiris, qurduli samyaroswevris, maTi ojaxis wevrisa da maTTan dakavSirebul pir-Ta mimarT SesaZlebelia gamocxaddes Zebna.

rac Seexeba movalis Zebnas _ es gaTvaliswinebuliasaqarTvelos kanoniT ̀ saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesa-xeb~. am kanonis 30-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmeebze ali-mentis gadaxdevinebis, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT an janm-rTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalissikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, an roca igispecialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas,mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis organoebismeSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb.

amrigad, movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb ganCineba gamoaqvsmosamarTles (sasamarTlos) aRmasruleblis an kredi-toris Suamdgomlobis (gancxadebis) safuZvelze.

_ Zebna warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze, mag-ram ZebnisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, mas Semdeg, rac war-modgenili iqneba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesaba-misi ganyofilebis angariSi (gancxadeba) movalis Zeb-

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naze gaweuli xarjebis Sesaxeb, daekisreba movales ga-dawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros.

ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis movalisaTvisdakisrebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sa-samarTlo xarjebis gamo gamotanil yovelgvar ganCi-nebaze, maT Soris ganCinebaze movalisaTvis Zebnis xar-jebis dakisrebis gamo SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana(56-e muxli).

muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTloxarjebis winaswari Setana

sasamarTlo xarjebi (saxelmwifo baJi dasaqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarje-bi), kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisgarda, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelmacSesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-ba moiTxova. Tu aseTi moqmedebis SesrulebasasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin es Tanxaorive mxares Seaqvs Tanabarwilad.

_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis sa-xeebs gansazRvravs 44-e muxli, xolo saxelmwifo ba-Jis odenobas _ 39-e muxli.

iseT sasamarTlo xarjebs, rogoricaa mowmee-bisaTvis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misa-cemi Tanxebi, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis xarjebswinaswar ixdis mxare, romelmac Sesabamisi Suamdgom-lobiT mimarTa sasamarTlos. Tu aseTi Suamdgomlo-biT orive mxarem mimarTa an Tu aseTi saproceso moq-medebis Sesruleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, ma-Sin xarjebs orive mxare ixdis Tanabarwilad.

gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens mopasuxis da mo-valis moZebnis xarjebi, romelic mxares Seaqvs mas Sem-deg, roca Zebna Catarda da ganisazRvra danaxarjebisodenoba, rac daixarja am mizniT.

_ rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise sxva saxis sasamar-


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Tlo xarjebis winaswar Setanisagan mxare Tavisufl-deba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi kanonis Tanaxmadan sasamarTlos mier gaTavisuflebulia aseTi xarje-bis gadaxdisagan (46-47-e muxlebi), an Tu mxares sasa-marTlom gadaudo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli).

muxli 53. sasamarTlo xarjebisganawileba mxareTa Soris

1. im mxaris mier gaRebuli xarjebis ga-daxda, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamota-nili gadawyvetileba, ekisreba meore mxa-res, Tundac es mxare gaTavisuflebuli iyossaxelmwifo biujetSi sasamarTlo xarje-bis gadaxdisagan. Tu sarCeli dakmayofile-bulia nawilobriv, maSin mosarCeles am mux-lSi aRniSnuli Tanxa miekuTvneba sarCelisim moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebu-li, xolo - mopasuxes _ sarCelis moTxovna-Ta im nawilis proporciulad, romelzedacmosarCeles uari eTqva. im mxaris warmomad-genlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweul xarjebs, rom-lis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadaw-yvetileba, sasamarTlo daakisrebs meore mxa-res gonivrul farglebSi, magram ara ume-tes am kodeqsis 47-e muxlis me-2 nawiliTgaTvaliswinebuli odenobisa.2. am muxlSi aRniSnuli wesebi Seexeba

agreTve sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebas,romlebic gaswies mxareebma saqmis saapela-cio da sakasacio instanciebSi warmoebisas.3. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT-

lo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitansaxal gadawyvetilebas, igi Sesabamisad Sec-vlis sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebasac.4. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT-

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lo daabrunebs saqmes xelaxla gansaxilve-lad, mTeli sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac ga-weulia am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSire-biT, sarCelis aRZvridan dawyebuli, undaSejamdes da Semdeg ganawildes mxareTaSoris am muxlis mixedviT.

1. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel azustebswess, romlis Tanaxmad esa Tu is mxare SeiZleba gaTavi-sufldes mxolod im sasamarTlo xarjebidan, romlebicsaxelmwifo biujetSi unda iqnes Setanili. magram mxarear SeiZleba gaTavisufldes xarjebisagan, romlebic mo-winaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod unda iqnes gadaxdili.amrigad, Tu mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJi da sa-samarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba misi sarCelis dak-mayofilebis Sesaxeb, maSin am xarjebis gadaxda im ode-nobiT, rac mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJis saxiT(agreTve sxva xarjebi), daekisreba mopasuxes mosarCe-lis sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebuliaTu ara igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarT-lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxa-reTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba, erTi mxa-ris mier gaweuli xarjebis meore mxareze gadakisrebaunda moxdes sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, ro-melic daakmayofila an romelzec uari uTxra sasamarT-lom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.

53-e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo abzaci gansazR-vravs warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xar-jebis anazRaurebas, roca gadawyvetileba gamotani-lia im mxaris sasargeblod, romelmac aseTi xarjebigawia. am SemTxvevaSac moqmedebs wesi, romlis Tanax-mad, Tu sarCeli mTlianad ki ara, nawilobriv iqna dak-mayofilebuli, maSin warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvisgaweuli xarjebi daekisreba meore mxares im moTxov-nis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-biT iqna dakmayofilebuli.

kanoni gansazRvravs mxaris mier warmomadgenlis


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daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis im odenobis maqsi-mums, romelic SeiZleba gadaekisros meore mxares: da-vis sagnis Rirebulebis 4% (47 muxlis me-2 nawili). ammaqsimumis farglebSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZliaTavisi SexedulebiT, gonivrul farglebSi gansazRv-ros daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenoba, ro-melic meore mxares unda daekisros.

warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebisodenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi qmnis am odenobis xe-lovnurad gazrdis dabrkolebas, rac saboloo anga-riSSi icavs im mxaris interesebs, romelsac am xarje-bis anazRaureba unda gadaekisros.

2. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis igive wesebi ga-moiyeneba saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloSi imSemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamar-Tlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal ga-dawyvetilebas. maSin mas evaleba TviTonve SecvalossasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebac. mxedvelobaSia aramarto saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaTvis gadaxdi-li baJi, aramed xarjebi, romlebic gaiRes mxareebmaqvemdgom instanciebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas.

4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasaciosasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abru-nebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad, maSin sasamarTlo, ro-melsac saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda, xe-laxla gaanawilebs sasamarTlo xarjebs, imis Sesabami-sad, Tu rogor gadawyvetilebas gamoitans saqmis xe-laxla ganxilvis Sedegad. xelaxla gadanawileba moi-cavs sasamarTlo xarjebs mTlianad, rac gaweulia sar-Celis aRZvridan saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad mi-Rebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.

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muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa daadvokatis daxmarebis gamogadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawilebasarCelze uaris Tqmisa damorigebisas

1. Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,mis mier gaweul xarjebs mopasuxe ar aanaz-Raurebs, magram Tu mosarCelem mxari ardauWira Tavis moTxovnas imis gamo, rommopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igisarCelis aRZvris Semdeg, maSin mosarCelisTxovniT sasamarTlo mopasuxes daakisrebsmosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebisa da ad-vokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli yvelaxarjis anazRaurebas.2. Tu mxareebma morigebis dros TviTon

gaiTvaliswines sasamarTlo xarjebisa daadvokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli xar-jebis ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sa-kiTxs wyvets maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad.

1. sarCelze uaris Tqma SeiZleba sxvadasxva moti-viT iyos ganpirobebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi aseTi ua-ris Sedegad mopasuxes ar ekisreba im xarjebis anazRa-ureba, romelic mosarCelem gaswia. erTaderTi SemTx-veva, rodesac mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros mosarCe-lis mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba, esaa mosarCe-lis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma im motiviT, rom mopasu-xem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi sarCelis aRZvrisSemdeg. magram aq aucilebelia erTi piroba _ mosarCe-lis Txovna, rom es xarjebi da advokatis daxmarebisgamo gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba daekisros mopa-suxes. Tu aseTi Txovna ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo Ta-visi iniciativiT amas ver gaakeTebs.

2. mxareTa morigebis SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT er-TmaneTSi SeTanxmdnen sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile-


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bis wesze, rac savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. Tu mxa-reebi ar SeTanxmebulan, maSin sasamarTlom TviTon Ta-visi iniciativiT unda gaanawilos mxareTa Soris sasa-marTlo xarjebi. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes mi-Rebuli 49-e muxlis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ 54-e muxlSi laparakia advokatis daxmarebis gamogaweul xarjebze, magram aucileblad unda vigulisx-moT ara marto advokati, aramed sxva warmomadgenle-bic, romlebic mindobilobis safuZvelze fasian dax-marebas uweven mxares.

3. sarCelze uaris Tqmisa Tu mxareTa morigebis ga-mo, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (272-e da 273-e mux-lebi), romelSic unda Caiweros, Tu romel mxares raxarjebi da ra odenobiT unda daekisros.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxarem mimarTos sasamar-Tlos xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb mas Semdeg, rocasasamarTlom ukve gamoitana ganCineba, romelSic ara-feria naTqvami xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. maSinsxva gza ar aris, sasamarTlom 261-e muxlis analogiiTunda gamoitanos damatebiTi ganCineba da gansazRv-ros Tu romelma mxarem ra xarjebi unda gaswios.

muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvissasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba

1. sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTandakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi da saxelm-wifo baJi, romelTa gadaxdisagan gaTavi-suflebuli iyo mosarCele, gadaxdeba mo-pasuxes biujetis Semosavlis sasargeblod,moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, ro-melic dakmayofilebulia.2. sarCelze uaris Tqmisas sasamarTlos

mier gaweuli xarjebi gadaxdeba mosarCe-les saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod. TusarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, xo-lo mopasuxe gaTavisuflebulia sasamarT-

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lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasamarTlos miersaqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweulixarjebi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeb-lod gadaxdeba mosarCeles, romelic araris gaTavisuflebuli sasamarTlo xarje-bis gadaxdisagan, sasarCelo moTxovnaTa imnawilis proporciulad, romlis dakmayo-filebazec mas uari eTqva.3. Tu orive mxare gaTavisuflebulia sa-

samarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, maSin sasa-marTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-rebiT gaweul xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo.

1. 55-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi kanonmdebeli gulisx-mobs ori saxis xarjebs: pirveli _ esaa sasamarTlos mieruSualod gaweuli xarji, rac dakavSirebulia saqmis gan-xilvasTan da rac gaiRo sasamarTlom imis gamo, rom mxa-re, romelsac igi unda gaeRo, gaTavisuflebuli iyo ase-Ti xarjebisagan da meore _ saxelmwifo baJi, romlis ga-daxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele. am xarjebisgadaxda daekisreba mopasuxes mxolod moTxovnaTa im na-wilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia.

2. 55-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar SeiZleba miviCnioT ro-gorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, rac imas niSnavs, romsasamarTlos mier gaweuli xarjebi mosarCeles gadax-deba saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu igi araa gaTavisuflebuli xarjebisgadaxdisagan.

sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan orive mxaris gaTa-visuflebis SemTxvevaSi am xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs.



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T a v i VI

saproceso uzrunvelyofa

muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia

1. Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-TxvevebSi mxares daekisra im zaralis anaz-Raurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZ-leba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesa-bamisi saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT,Tu mxareebi sxva rameze ar SeTanxmebulan,man aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda ganaxorcie-los fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebissaqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWossaerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-pozito angariSze Setanis gziT, racsaqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixed-viT misaRebia garantiis uzrunvelsayofad.2. sasamarTlom SeiZleba SeRavaTiani pi-

robebiT dauSvas uzrunvelyofis sxva sa-Sualeba, kerZod, romelime sakredito da-wesebulebis mier gacemuli Tavdeboba.

1. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi agebulia mxareTaTanasworobis principze. am principis erT-erTi gamov-linebaa orive urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris inte-resebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. magaliTad, mosarCelisinteresebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia mi-iRos ganCineba sarCelis da maT Soris, jer kidev araR-Zruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 191-eda 192-e muxlebi), agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-bis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 271-e muxli). ssk-is 199-e muxli iTvaliswinebs im zaralis anazRaure-bas, rac mxarem ganicada uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebisgatarebiT.

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_ amave dros, 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvalis-winebs mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebs da mxares, ro-melmac aseTi uzrunvelyofa moiTxova, Tavis mxriv,SeiZleba daekisros im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrun-velyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdegemxarem. uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebad miCne-ulia fuladi an fasiani qaRaldebis dadeba, rac undaganxorcieldes saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sa-bWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-pozito angariSze S etaniT.

2. 57-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piri, romlisTxovniTac Sesrulda esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba,magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis gadadeba da a. S., SeiZleba gaaTavisuflossasamarTlom fuladi Tanxebis Tu fasiani qaRaldebisdadebis movaleobisagan, Tu mis mier warmodgenili iq-neba uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba. ssk-is 57-e mux-lis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia aseT ̀ sxva saSuale-baze~, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mi-er gacemul Tavdebobaze, magram sasamarTlos SeuZliauzrunvelyofis garantiad gamoiyenos samoqalaqo ko-deqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebic. aq erTiramaa misaRebi mxedvelobaSi _ uzrunvelyofis ra sa-Sualebac ar unda gamoiyenos sasamarTlom, man es un-da gaaformos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. maga-liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 892-e muxlis Tanaxmad,Tavdebobis namdvilobisaTvis saWiroa Tavdebis weri-lobiTi gancxadeba da Tavdebis pasuxismgeblobis ra-odenobrivad gansazRvruli maqsimaluri Tanxis miTi-Teba.

_ SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSe) ganaxorcielos uzrun-velyofis garantia?

57-e muxlis pirveli nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs,rom mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos wi-naSe iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Taoba-ze, romliTac mowinaaRmdege mxares SeiZleba miadges


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ziani, _ ar SeuZlia Semoifarglos mxolod aseTi moT-xovniT. man imavdroulad unda SesTavazos sasamar-Tlos garantia, romelic Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofsim zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem Se-iZleba ganicados am saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-biT, vTqvaT _ sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.

amrigad, aq sasamarTlos iniciativis sakiTxi ardgas. mxare, romelic moiTxovs magaliTad, sarCelisuzrunvelyofas, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu ras sTa-vazobs igi sasamarTlos da cxadia _ mowinaaRmdegemxares im zaralis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic am mo-winaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados.

ra Tqma unda, Tu mxare am movaleobas ar asru-lebs _ sasamarTlom unda Seaxsenos mas Seasrulos esmovaleoba, magram Tu mxare amas ar akeTebs, sasamarT-lom ar unda daakmayofilos misi Txovna saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebaze.

saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze Suamdgomlo-bis aRmZvreli mxaris aseTi movaleoba moixsneba mxo-lod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi TviTon ̀ SeTanxmdnensxva rameze~.

muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlismoxsna

Tu moixsneba safuZveli, romlis gamocganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, maSin is mxa-re, romlis sasargeblodac moxda aseTiuzrunvelyofa, valdebulia daabrunos uz-runvelyofis garantia.

_ uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna gulisxmobs imgaremoebebis aRmofxvras, ris gamoc sasamarTlom mii-Ro ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelia am sarCelze moma-valSi misaRebi gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis garTu-leba an aseTi aRsrulebis SeuZlebloba (191-e mux-

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li). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu miRebul iqna gadawyveti-leba im piris winaaRmdeg, vinc moiTxova sarCelis uz-runvelyofa, an kidev, Tu miRebul iqna misTvis xel-sayreli gadawyvetileba, romelic ukve aRsrulda, ma-Sin moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis auci-lebloba (safuZveli). aseve, Tu mxarem moiTxova miswinaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisgadadeba (SeCereba), ris gamoc meore mxarem moiTxovagadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebiT gamowveulizaralis anazRaurebisaTvis uzrunvelyofis garantiada es moTxovna daakmayofila sasamarTlom, maSin Tugadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba gauqmdeba, mo-ixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis safuZveli.igive iTqmis gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bis daSvebisas am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxve-vaSi misi aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelsayofad mi-Rebul garantiaze (268-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moixsneba safuZve-li, ris gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, mxarem,Tu mas hqonda gadacemuli uzrunvelyofis garantia(magaliTad, raime nivTi), an sasamarTlom, Tu aseTi ga-rantia imyofeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesisabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-pozito angariSze - unda daabrunos igi.

uzrunvelyofis garantiis dabruneba SeiZleba gan-xorcieldes rogorc mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvel-ze, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT, ris Sesaxebac sasamar-Tlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.


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T a v i VII

saproceso vadebi

muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebisSesrulebis vada

1. saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kano-niT dadgenil vadaSi.2. Tu saproceso vada kanoniT ar aris

dadgenili, mas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.saproceso vadis xangrZlivobis gansazRv-risas sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos imsaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SesaZ-lebloba, risTvisac es vada dainiSna.3. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ga-

nixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan araugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTulikategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamar-Tlos gadawyvetilebiT es vada SeiZlebagagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda ali-mentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an jan-mrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve mar-Cenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anaz-Raurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan da„sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisaswarmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb“saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare moTx-ovnis Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, romlebic ganxi-lul unda iqnes araugvianes 1 Tvisa.

1. saproceso vadebi ori saxisaa: kanonismieri vade-bi da sasamarTlo vadebi.

a) kanonismieri vadebi _ vadebi, romlebic kanoni-Taa dadgenili. es imas niSnavs, rom saproceso moqme-deba am kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi unda Sesruldes. ma-galiTad, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada aris erTi

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Tve ( 369-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio saCi-vari erT TveSi unda iqnes Setanili.

b) sasamarTlosmieri vadebi _ esaa vadebi, romle-bic sasamarTlos mieraa gansazRvruli. sasamarTlosSeuZlia gansazRvros ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebisSesrulebisaTvis vada mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ase-Ti vada araa dadgenili kanoniT. magaliTad, Tu sarCe-li xarveziania, sasamarTlo miscems vadas mosarCelesam xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). cxadia, rom am va-das gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.

vadis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom TviTon unda ga-iangariSos Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba saproceso moq-medebis Sesrulebas da amis mixedviT daniSnos vada.

2. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs pirveliinstanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebs.samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vada am sasamarTloebSiaris 2 Tve. mxolod gansakuTrebiT rTul saqmeebze esvada SeiZleba gagrZeldes 5 Tvemde.

konkretuli saqmis ganxilvis orTviani vadis gagr-Zelebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTon am saqmis ganmxilvelisasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelsac amis Sesaxeb ga-moaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebu-li unda iyos, Tu raSi gamoixateba gansaxilveli saq-mis gansakuTrebuli sirTule da ra droiT gagrZel-da misi ganxilva. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanaar SeiZleba.

_ aseTi ganCineba mosamarTles gamoaqvs saqmis mom-zadebis stadiaze da ara mas Semdeg, roca gavida sar-Celis warmoebaSi miRebidan ori an xuTi Tve, rogorcamas zogjer praqtikaSi aqvs adgili e.i. roca ukve ga-dis an gavida saqmis ganxilvis kanoniT dadgenili vade-bi.

_ saqmis sirTule SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,rom masSi monawileoben an monawileoba unda miiRon

TanamosarCeleebma, Tanamopasuxeebma, mesame pirebmadamoukidebeli moTxovniT an mis gareSe, SemotaniliaSegebebuli sarCeli da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom


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saqmeSi ar iyos monawile pirTa simravle, magram igirTulia faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT(magaliTad, misaRebia dokumentebi ucxo qveynidan,dasakiTxia mowme, romelic sxva qalaqSi an sxva qveya-naSi cxovrobs, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT gasaana-lizebelia kanonis Tu samarTlis analogiis gamoyene-bis sakiTxi da a. S.).

59-e muxlis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dauSvebe-lia gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebis kategorias miva-kuTvnoT saqmeebi mxolod imitom, rom ar dagverRvessaqmeTa ganxilvis vadebi.

3. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili Seicavs im kategoriissaqmeTa CamonaTvals, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnenaraugvianes 1 Tvisa. es aris kanonis kategoriuli moT-xovna da am vadebis darRveva dauSvebelia.

muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla

1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vadaganisazRvreba zusti kalendaruli Tari-RiT, im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelicaucileblad unda dadges, an drois monak-veTiT. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi moqmedeba Se-iZleba Sesruldes drois mTeli monakve-Tis ganmavlobaSi.2. wlebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaT-

vleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im ka-lendaruli TariRis an im movlenis dad-gomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansaz-Rvrulia misi dasawyisi.

1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada SeiZlebaganisazRvros:

a) zusti kalendaruli TariRiT. magaliTad, Tu sa-samarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba gadaudos mxares sa-samarTlo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli), maSin sasamar-Tlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos zusti kalen-

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daruli TariRi (mag., 2004 wlis 5 seqtembramde), ro-demdec gadaedo am xarjebis gadaxda.

b) im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic unda dadges.magaliTad, Tu saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia imis gamo,rom jer unda gadawydes sxva saqme, romelic sxva sasa-marTloSi ganixileba, maSin am saqmis warmoeba SeiZle-ba ganaxldes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca kanonier Zala-Si Seva sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (279-e da281-e muxlebi).

g) drois monakveTiT. magaliTad, gancxadebis Seta-na axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxle-bis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg (426-e muxlisme-4 nawili).

2. Zalian didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imiszustad gansazRvras, Tu saidan iwyeba saproceso va-dis dena. magaliTad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada aris12 dRe. magram saidan daiwyeba am 12 dRiani vadis ga-moTvla?

am 12 dRiani vadis dasawyisia ganCinebis gadacemismomenti, xolo Tu am ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswre-boda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, ma-Sin vadis dasawyisia misi gamocxadebis momenti (416-emuxli). am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCiv-ris Setanis 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla unda daiwyosSesabamisad ganCinebis gadacemis meore (Semdgomi)dRidan an am ganCinebis gamocxadebis meore dRidan. e.i. Tu ganCineba gadaeca mxares 10 noembers, am ganCine-bis gasaCivrebis vadis dena daiwyeba 11 noembridan dadamTavrdeba 22 noembers. am wesiT unda moxdes vade-bis gamoTvla, roca vadebi ganisazRvreba wlebiT, Tve-ebiT, an dReebiT.


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muxli 61. saproceso vadisdamTavreba

1. wlebiT gamosaTvleli vada damTavrde-ba vadis ukanaskneli wlis Sesabamis Tvesada ricxvSi. TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadagasulad CaiTvleba vadis ukanaskneli TvisSesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. Tu TveebiTgamosaTvleli vadis ukanasknel Tves saTa-nado ricxvi ara aqvs, maSin vada damTavre-bulad CaiTvleba am Tvis ukanasknel dRes.2. Tu vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva

uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavre-bis dRed CaiTvleba misi momdevno pirvelisamuSao dRe.3. saproceso moqmedeba, romlis Sesasru-

lebladac dadgenilia vada, SeiZleba Ses-ruldes vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTxsaaTamde. Tu saCivari, sabuTebi an fuladiTanxa fostas an telegrafs Cahbarda va-dis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx saaTamde,vada gasulad ar CaiTvleba.

1. 61-e muxli gansazRvravs wlebiTa da TveebiT ga-mosaTvleli vadis damTavrebis erTian wess. am wesisTanaxmad, saproceso vada mTvardeba wlis an Tvis bo-lo dRes. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cno-bisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis war-moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSve-belia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5wlis Semdeg ( 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili).

2. saproceso vadis dena ganuwyvetliv mimdinare-obs. es imas niSnavs, rom arasamuSao dReebisa Tu dRe-saswaulebis gamokleba ar xdeba. garda amisa, Tu vadaiwyeba arasamuSao dRes, vadis denac am dRidan iwyeba,magram Tu vada gadis arasamuSao dRes, maSin vadis dam-Tvarebis dRed iTvleba am arasamuSao Tu sadResaswa-ulo dRis Semdgomi momdevno samuSao dRe.

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3. vadis ukanaskneli dRe gasulad iTvleba am bolodRis 24-saaTis Semdeg. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sapro-ceso moqmedeba Sesrulda saproceso vadis ukanask-neli dRis 24 saaTamde, saproceso moqmedeba vadaSiSesrulebulad iTvleba. magaliTad, saapelacio saCi-vari Cabarda fostas vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaT-ze. saCivari iTvleba vadaSi Setanilad.

muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba

yvela daumTavrebeli saproceso vada Se-Cerdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebiT. vade-bis SeCereba daiwyeba im garemoebaTa war-moSobis dRidan, romlebic safuZvlad da-edo warmoebis SeCerebas. warmoebis ganax-lebis dRidan saproceso vadis dena ganax-ldeba.

_ saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia kanoniT gaT-valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi. magaliTad, 279-e da 280-e muxlebi iTvaliswineben saqmis warmoebis SeCerebissafuZvlebs.

_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba saqmis war-moebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, am muxlebiT gaTvaliswine-buli erT-erTi safuZvliT, maSin SeCerdeba daumTav-rebeli saproceso vadis denac, magram am vadis denaSeCerdeba ara im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom gamoitanaganCineba, aramed im dRidan, roca warmoiSva warmoe-bis SeCerebis safuZveli.

_ rodis ganaxldeba saproceso vadis dena?saproceso vadis dena kvlav ganaxldeba mxolod mas

Semdeg, roca aRmoifxvreba garemoeba, romelic safuZ-vlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. magaliTad, sasamar-Tlom SeaCera saqmis warmoeba imis gamo, rom mxare im-yofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi. rogorcki es mxare dabrundeba mivlinebidan, saproceso va-dis dena daiwyeba, oRond amisaTvis sasamarTlom un-


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da miiRos ganCineba SeCerebuli saqmis warmoebis ga-naxlebis Sesaxeb. swored am ganCinebis miRebidan ga-naxldeba saproceso vadis denac.

_ amrigad, saproceso vadis dena SeCerdeba im dro-idan, roca warmoiSva saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis sa-fuZveli, da ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan, xolo saproceso va-dis dena ganaxldeba ara im droidan, roca warmoiSvawarmoebis ganaxlebis safuZveli, aramed im droidan,roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ga-naxlebis Sesaxeb.

muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlisSedegebi

saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis ufle-ba gaqarwyldeba kanoniT dadgenili an sa-samarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gasvlisSemdeg. saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Se-tanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg,ganuxilvelad darCeba.

_ ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvisvadebi dadgenilia aramarto mxareebisaTvis, aramedsasamarTlosTvisac. vadebi SeiZleba gansazRvros sa-samarTlom saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis, maga-liTad, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis war-modgenisaTvis im piris mier, visTanac isini inaxeba.

imis mixedviT, Tu vin gauSva saproceso vada, am va-dis gaSvebis Sedegebic sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,Tu sasamarTlom gauSva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvisvada, igi mainc valdebulia ganixilos es saqme, Tu pir-ma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar warmoadginawerilobiTi Tu nivTieri masalebi, romlebic masTaninaxeba, igi mainc valdebulia es gaakeTos da a. S.

_ magram, Tu mxarem kanoniT an sasamarTlos mierdaniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba,

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maSin igi kargavs am moqmedebis Sesrulebis uflebas.magaliTad, Tu mxarem kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi ar gaa-saCivra sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, igi kargavs amuflebas da gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.

_ saproceso vadebis gagrZeleba (ssk 64-e muxli) anaRdgena (ssk 65-e muxli) dasaSvebia, oRond kanoniTgaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT.

_ 63-e muxli Seicavs erT metad mniSvnelovan debu-lebas, romlis Tanaxmad saCivari an sabuTebi, romle-bic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg, ganu-xilvelad darCeba. kanonis es danawesi mniSvnelova-nia im TvalsazrisiTac, rom xels uwyobs mxareebSi TusaqmeSi monawile sxva pirebSi kanonisadmi da sasamar-Tlosadmi pativiscemis ganwyobis Camoyalibebas, maT-Si disciplinisa da organizebulobis aRzrdas.

muxli 64. saproceso vadisgagrZeleba

sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vada sasa-marTlom SeiZleba gaagrZelos mxareTaTxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT.

_ 64-e muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs im samoqalaqo sap-roceso vadis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba, romelic sa-samarTlos mieraa daniSnuli. kanonismieri saprocesovadebis aRdgenas awesrigebs ssk 65-e muxli.

_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba da-saSvebia rogorc dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, isesasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxaris Suamdgomloba,saproceso vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuliunda iyos, kerZod, miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezi, risgamoc saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba ver xerxdebadaniSnul vadaSi.

_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZelebisdros ar unda gamoviyenoT kanonismieri vadis aRdge-


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nisaTvis dadgenili wesi (ssk 66-e muxli), rogorc amaszogjer aqvs adgili sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.11

_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli saproceso vadis gag-rZelebis an aseT gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu aseTi ganCineba ararsebobs, vada ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos gagrZelebulad.saproceso vadis gagrZelebisa Tu aseTis gagrZeleba-ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze ker-Zo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.

muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena

saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis ka-noniT gansazRvruli vada, Tu kanoniT sxvaram ar aris dadgenili, SeiZleba aRadgi-nos sasamarTlom, Tu cnobs, rom saproce-so moqmedebis Seusrulebloba sapatio mi-zeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad CaiTvlebaam kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi mi-TiTebuli garemoebebi.

_ saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis sasamar-Tlos mier daniSnuli vadebis mimarT ssk iyenebs ter-mins ̀ vadis gagrZeleba~, xolo kanonismieri saproce-so vadebis mimarT _ termins `vadis aRdgena~. marTa-lia, vadis gagrZelebis Tu vadis aRdgenis SemTxveva-Si erTsa da igive Sedegs vaRwevT, kerZod, saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebis vada gadaiweva ufro Sors, mag-ram aseT terminologiur gansxvavebas aqvs garkveulisafuZveli: sasamarTlo ver Secvlis an ver gaagrZe-lebs kanonismier vadebs, mas SeuZlia mxolod aRadgi-nos es vada (66-e muxli).

_ kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgena sasamarT-los iniciativiT dauSvebelia. kanonismieri saproce-so vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeiZleba mi-

11 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #2, 2003, gv. 273-274..

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marTon mxareebma (66-e da 67-e muxlebi). uari kanonis-mieri saproceso vadis aRdgenaze SeiZleba gaasaCiv-ron mxareebma (68-e muxli).

_ kanonismieri vadis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu ka-noni TviTon krZalavs amas (magaliTad, ssk 369-e, 397-eda 416-e muxlebi), magram, Tu es akrZaluli araa sasa-marTlos SeuZlia aRadginos vada, Tu am vadis gaSvebasapatio mizeziT moxda (ix. 215-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 66. gancxadeba saprocesovadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb

1. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenisSesaxeb Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romel-Sic unda Sesrulebuliyo saproceso mo-qmedeba. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs am gancx-adebas, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso vadis gaS-veba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezadCaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.

mxare, romelic moiTxovs kanonismieri saprocesovadis aRdgenas, valdebulia miuTiTos da daadastur-os garemoebebi, romelTa mizeziT ver Seasrula sapro-ceso moqmedeba. mizezi, ris gamoc mxarem droulad verSeasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba, SeiZleba sx-vadasxvagvari iyos: xangrZlivi samsaxurebrivi miv-lineba, avadmyofoba, Setyobinebis dagvianebiT miRe-ba da a.S. (ix. 67-e da 215-e muxlebis komentari)

kanonismieri vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-lo niSnavs axal vadas saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-lebisaTvis.


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muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenisSesaxeb gancxadebis forma daSinaarsi

gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Se-saxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiT.masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezebi, rom-lebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebisvadaze Seusrulebloba, agreTve maTi da-madasturebeli mtkicebulebebi.

_ gansxvavebiT sasamarTlosmieri saproceso vade-bis gagrZelebisa, kanonismieri saproceso vadebis aR-dgenis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta sakmaod detalu-rad wesrigdeba kanoniT. am wesis dacva savaldebuloa.gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom mxaris werilobiT ganc-xadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos aramarto im mizezeb-ze, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis Se-usrulebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi, ara-med mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am mi-zezebs. magaliTad, Tu mxare miuTiTebs iseT mizezze,rogoricaa avadmyofoba an mivlineba, man unda warmo-adginos amis dasadastureblad Sesabamisi cnobebi. sa-patio mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) mTli-anad ekisreba ganmcxadebels, e. i. pirs, vinc moiTxovsvadis aRdgenas. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, CaiTvalos Tu araganmcxadeblis mier dadasturebuli mizezi sapatiod,damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.

muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenisSesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva

1. gancxadebas vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ga-nixilavs sasamarTlo mxareTaTvis Seutyo-bineblad.2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdge-

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naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. 68-e muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs vadis aRdge-nis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvis SesaZleblobas mxa-reTaTvis Seutyobineblad, magram ar krZalavs, rom amgancxadebis ganxilva moxdes mxareTa SetyobinebiT,Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia.

2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdgenisa Tu ase-Tis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamo-aqvs ganCineba. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxo-lod sasamarTlos im ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eT-qva ganmcxadebels saproceso vadis aRdgenaze.

muxli 69. saproceso vadisaRgenasTan dakavSirebulisasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba

saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ganc-xadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xar-jebs gaiRebs mxare, romelmac drouladver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. gardaiseTi SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseTi Seus-rulebloba mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziTmoxda.

_ 69-e muxli naTlad da kategoriulad miuTiTebs, romxarjebs, rac dakavSirebulia saproceso vadis aRdgenisSesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan, gaiRebs ganmcxadebe-li, e. i. mxare, romelmac kanoniT an sasamarTlos mierdaniSnul vadaSi ver Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moq-medeba. am xarjebis gadaxdis gadakisreba mowinaaRmde-ge mxareze dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesacsaproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba am mowinaaRmde-ge mxaris mizeziT moxda. am mizezis damtkicebis tvirTiswored ganmcxadebels, e. i. im mxares ekisreba, romelicsaproceso vadis aRdgenas moiTxovs.


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T a v i VIII

sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba

muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba

1. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasa-marTlo uwyebiT ecnobebaT sasamarTlosxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmede-bis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. uwyebamxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvisCabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu igi CabardebaerT-erT maTgans an am kodeqsis 74-e mux-liT gaTvaliswinebul subieqtebs. warmo-madgeneli valdebulia uwyebis CabarebisSesaxeb acnobos mxares. sasamarTlo uwye-biT sasamarTloSi ibareben agreTve mow-meebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tar-jimnebs.2. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasa-

marTlo uwyeba unda CabardeT im varau-diT, rom maT\ hqondeT sasamarTloSi dro-ulad gamocxadebisa da saqmis momzadebi-saTvis gonivruli vada.3. mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, agreTve

mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi daTarjimnebi SeiZleba daibaron telefono-gramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli fostiT,faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT. teqnikuri sa-SualebebiT dabarebisas mieTiTeba am kod-eqsis 72-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sak-iTxebi. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebisSesaxeb dgeba aqti. aqts adgens sasamarT-los Sesabamisi moxele.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlouwyeba aris is ZiriTadi saproceso dokumenti, romlis

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meSveobiTac mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebsecnobebaT aramarto sasamarTlo sxdomis, aramed,agreTve, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis (magaliTad,adgilze daTvalierebis, mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis da sxva) Sesrulebis dro daadgili.uwyeba egzavneba rogorc mxares, ise miswarmomadgenels. 70-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs agreTve Turodis CaiTvleba uwyeba CabarebuladmxareebisaTvis da maTi warmomadgenlebisaTvis. am muxlis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT mxarisaTvisda misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba CabarebuladCaiTvleba: a) Tu uwyeba gaegzavna, rogorc mxares, asevewarmomadgenels da es uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT maTgans,e.i. an mxares uSualod, an mis warmomadgenels. es imasniSnavs, rom Tu uwyeba Cabarda mxares, man amis Sesaxebunda acnobos mis warmomadgenels, xolo Tu uwyebaCabarda warmomadgenels, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobosTavis warmomdgens (mxares). aRsaniSnavia, rom warmomadgenlis mimarT 70-e muxliakeTebs specialur daTqmas, romlis Tanaxmad„warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis CabarebisSesaxeb acnobos mxares”, Tumca aseTi valdebulebanagulisxmevia mxaris mimarTac. b) mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyebaCabarebulad iTvleba agreTve, Tu igi Cabarda impirebs, romlebic CamoTvlilia 74-e muxlSi, kerZod,mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis srulwlovanwevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias (ix. am muxliskomentari). sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabarebis aseTi wesisSemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebulpraqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens sasarCelogancxadebaSi, agreTve mopasuxis mier sarCelzegamogzavnil werilobiT pasuxSi (SesagebelSi) zustimiTiTeba warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da misi misamarTis


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Sesaxeb, Tu ra Tqma unda, mxares yavs warmomadgeneli(ix. 178-e da 201-e muxlebis komentari). - mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTloacnobebs (atyobinebs) sasamarTlo sxdomis ansaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros da adgils. esimas niSnavs, rom isini ar arian iuridiuladvaldebulni gamocxaddnen sasamarTlo sxdomaze, anmonawileoba miiRon saproceso moqmedebisSesrulebaSi. amasTan erTad, maTi gamoucxadeblobaver daabrkolebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebasan saqmis ganxilvas, Tu maT uwyeba gaegzavnaT kanoniTdadgenili wesiT. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebisgamoucxadeblobas SeiZleba moyves mxolodaraxelsayreli Sedegebi maTTvis. swored amitom,gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze miTiTebuli unda iyosuwyebaSi (72-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „z” qvepunqti). - rac Seexeba mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,Tarjimnebs, maT sasamarTlo ubralod ki ar acnobebs(atyobinebs), aramed ibarebs, rac imas niSnavs, romisini valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen, xologamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi maT daekisrebaTkanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ix. 145-eda 168-e muxlebis komentari). - rac Seexeba sasamarTlos, mas evaleba Seatyobinosmxares da mis warmomadgenels sasamarTlos sxdomisTu calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis droda adgili. aseTi Setyobinebis gareSe sasamarTlo verCaatarebs da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas - es iqneba amgadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)safuZveli. 2. 70-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar gansazRvravs drois imzust monakveTs, romlis ganmavlobaSic mxareebsa damaT warmomadgenlebs unda CabardeT uwyeba. amsakiTxis gadawyveta mindobili aqvs sasamarTlos,oRond man unda ixelmZRvanelos im zogadikriteriumiT, romelic aqaa Camoyalibebuli, kerZod:uwyeba maT unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom sakmao

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dro hqondeT sasamarTloSi drouladgamocxadebisaTvis da saqmisaTvis mosamzadeblad.rogorc Cans, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saidanunda Camovides mxare, misi warmomadgeneli, ramdenidro dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom moemzados sasamarTlosxdomaze gamosasvlelad, saqmeSi damatebiTimasalebis gasacnobad, romlebsac igi adre, anu amsaqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar gacnobia da a.S. 3. 70-e muxlis me-3 nawili uSvebs mxareTa, maTwarmomadgenelTa, mowmeebis, eqspertebis,specialistebis, Tarjimnebis Setyobinebasa dagamoZaxebas telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronulifostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT, romlebic TavisiSinaarsiT unda pasuxobdnen 72-e muxlis moTxovnebs. teqnikuri saSualebiT gagzvnili sasamarTlo uwyebisCabareba unda dadasturdes 73-e muxlis me-2 nawiliTdadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari)12.

muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebisCabareba

sasamarTlo uwyeba dasabarebel pirs un-da Cabardes mxaris mier miTiTebuli misa-marTis mixedviT. Tu moqalaqe ar cxovrobsam misamarTze, uwyeba gaigzavneba alter-natiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgi-lis mixedviT.

_ mopasuxis dasaxeleba, agreTve misi misamarTis mi-TiTeba aris mosarCelis movaleoba (178-e muxlis ̀ d~qvepunqti). mxareebs evalebaT agreTve miuTiTon impirTa misamarTebi, romelTa gamoZaxebaze Suamdgom-loben sasamarTlos winaSe (magaliTad, ssk 140-e mux-li). aseTi misamarTis miTiTebis gareSe sasamarTloumoZraod datovebs sarCels (ssk 185-e muxli) an ki-

12 „uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebisa da drois Sesaxeb“ - ix. am Tavis danarTi, gv. 139.


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dev, ar daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mowmi-sa Tu sxva piris gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.

_ Tu aRmoCndeba, rom sasamarTloSi dasabarebelipiri ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad miTiTebul misamarT-ze, gamosavali erTia, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternati-uli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT. ase-Ti misamarTisa Tu samuSao adgilis Sesaxebac sasamar-Tlos unda acnobos mxarem.

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT iseTi cnebebi,rogoricaa ̀ faqtobrivad arcxovreba~ da ̀ saerTod ar-cxovreba~. faqtobrivad arcxovrebaSi unda vigulisx-moT is, rom piri cxovrobda aq, magram sxvadasxva mize-zebis gamo faqtobrivad aq aRar cxovrobs. magram Tupiri arasdros aq ar cxovrobda, iTvleba, rom arc faq-tobrivad da arc iuridiulad igi mxaris mier miTiTe-bul misamarTze ar cxovrobs da arc ucxovria. aseT Sem-TxvevebSi, rodesac es exeba mopasuxes, sakiTxi Semdeg-nairad SeiZleba gadawydes: mopasuxis dasaxelebis damisi misamarTis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba mosar-Celes (178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sarCelis miRebisdros sasamarTlo ar amowmebs, marTla cxovrobs Tu aramopasuxe am sarCelSi miTiTebul misamarTze. sarCeliswarmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba gairkves, rom si-namdvileSi mopasuxe aramarto ar cxovrobs faqtobri-vad, aramed arc arasdros ar ucxovria am misamarTze.amasTan erTad, arc misi amJamindeli Tu yofili samu-Sao adgilia cnobili, romlis mixedviTac SeiZlebodauwyebis gagzavna. sxva sityvebiT, Tu mopasuxis adgil-samyofeli ucnobia sasamarTlo ugzavnis Sesabamis or-ganos anda gamoitans ganCinebas sajaro SetyobinebisSesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT (78-e muxlis pirvelinawili ). ufro martivad gadawydeba es sakiTxi mowmee-bis, mxaris mier dasaxelebuli eqspertebis, specialis-tebis mimarT. Tu mxareebis mier miTiTebul misamarT-ze es pirebi ar cxovroben _ isini ver iqnebian gamoZaxe-buli da dakiTxuli, xolo saqme gadawydeba mopovebu-li da am saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.

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muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebisSinaarsi

1. uwyeba unda Seicavdes:a) sasamarTlos saxelwodebasa da zust

misamarTs;b) miTiTebas droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb,

xolo Tu uwyeba egzavneba warmomadgenels,- agreTve miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom igivaldebulia acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxares,romlis warmomadgenelic aris;g) saqmis dasaxelebas, romlis gamoc iba-

reben ama Tu im pirs, da miTiTebas davissagnis Sesaxeb;d) sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli piris vi-

naobas, agreTve imas, Tu ra statusiT arisigi dabarebuli, da miTiTebas arasapatiomizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi mismimarT gamosayenebeli zomebis Sesaxeb;e) winadadebas mxareebis mimarT, warmoad-

ginon maTTan arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba;v) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom adresa-

tis aryofnisas uwyebis mimRebi piri val-debulia pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave Ca-abaros uwyeba adresats;z) miTiTebas gamoucxadeblobis Sedegeb-

ze da valdebulebas, acnobos sasamarT-los gamoucxadeblobis mizezebi.2. sasamarTlo uwyebasTan erTad mosamarT-

le mopasuxes ugzavnis sasarCelo gancxade-basa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs. uwye-basTan erTad mosamarTle mosarCeles ugzav-nis mopasuxis werilobiTi gancxadebis asls,Tu aseTi Semovida sasamarTloSi uwyebis gag-zavnis droisaTvis. sasamarTloSi Semosuliyvela werilobiTi dokumentis asli SeiZlebagaegzavnos mxareebs mas Semdegac, roca uwyebaukve gagzavnilia.


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1. mxareebs _ mosarCelesa da mopasuxes uwyeba undagaegzavnoT dadgenili formis mixedviT, romelic zus-tad asaxavs 72-e muxlis Sinaarss. aseve, dadgeniliformis mixedviT unda gaegzavnoT uwyeba procesissxva monawileebs, rogoricaa mowmeebi, eqspertebi, spe-cialistebi da a. S. didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvssizustes anu uwyebaSi imis garkveviT miTiTebas, Tura saxiTaa (statusiTaa) dabarebuli sasamarTloSiadresati. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, Turamdenad sworadaa Sevsebuli sasamarTlo uwyebisformulari sasamarTlo Sesabamisi moxelis mier (sx-domis mdivani an mosamarTlis TanaSemwe).

2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sagangebo mniSv-nelobas aniWebs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxil-visaTvis momzadebas. swored saqmis momzadebis miz-niT sasamarTlom jer kidev mTvari sxdomis daniSvnam-de unda gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da masze Tan-darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, xolo mosarCeles mo-pasuxis mier warmodgenili Sesageblisa Tu sxva weri-lobiTi masalebis aslebi (201-e da 202-e muxlebi). mxo-lod mas Semdeg, roca Segrovilia yvela werilobiTimasala, roca werilobiTi Sejibreba damTavrebulia,sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma, anu ze-piri sxdoma, zepiri Sejibreba (207-e muxli). aqedan ga-momdinare, cxadia, rom sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomisdaniSvnis droisa da adgilis Setyobinebis mizniT uw-yebis gagzavnisas aRar iqneba imis aucilebloba, mxa-reebs gaegzavnoT werilobiTi masalebis aslebi. maTSeiZleba gaegzavnoT uwyebasTan erTad mxolod immasalis aslebi, romlebic ver iqna gadagzavnili adre.

muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebisgagzavna

1. sasamarTlo uwyeba igzavneba fostiTan kurieris meSveobiT, agreTve am kodeq-sis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-

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uli teqnikuri saSualebebiT. 2. teqnikuri saSualebebiT gagzavnili

sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba dasturdeba:a) telefonogramis SemTxvevaSi - tele-

fonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb SedgeniliaqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba telefonogra-mis gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro;b) depeSis SemTxvevaSi - depeSis Cabareb-

is Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT;g) eleqtronuli fostis an faqsis SemTx-

vevaSi - Sesabamisi teqnikuri saSualebiTmowodebuli dadasturebiT.3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-

ul SemTxvevaSi uwyeba igzavneba asevefostiT an kurieris meSveobiT.4. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili

wesiT dadasturebisas sasamarTlo uwyebaCabarebulad iTvleba.5. adresatisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis

Cabarebis dro aRiniSneba mis meore egzem-plarze, romelic sasamarTlos undadaubrundes. teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-enebisas uwyebis gadacemis dro aRiniSnebaam kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliTgaTvaliswinebul aqtSi.6. mosamarTles SeuZlia mxaris TanxmobiT

xelze misces mas sasamarTlo uwyeba Sesa-tyobinebeli an gamosaZaxebeli pirisaTvisCasabareblad. piri, romelsac mosamarTlemdaavala uwyebis mitana, valdebulia sasa-marTlos daubrunos misi meore egzemplariuwyebis miRebaze adresatis xelmoweriT.7. Tu mxareebs, maT warmomadgenlebs,

agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialisteb-sa da Tarjimnebs am kodeqsiT dadgeniliwesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis ancalkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis


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dro da adgili, mosamarTles SeuZlia aRniS-nuli pirebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebisCabareba ganCinebiT daavalos adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis orga-nos an saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa samin-istros teritoriuli organoebis saubnosamsaxurebs (ubnis inspeqtorebs). adgilo-brivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobisorgano anda ubnis inspeqtorebi valdebu-li arian ganCinebiT dadgenil vadaSi uzrun-velyon mxareebisaTvis, maTi warmomdagen-lebisaTvis, agreTve mowmeebisaTvis,eqspertebisaTvis, specialistebisa da Tar-jimnebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabare-ba da misi Cabarebis, Cabarebis SeuZle-blobis mizezebis an Cabarebaze uaris Tq-mis Sesaxeb acnobon mosamarTles.8. fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT mo-

qalaqisaTvis gagzavnili sasamarTlo uw-yeba mas unda Cahbardes piradad, xolomoqalaqis samuSao adgilze, aseve orga-nizaciisaTvis gagzavnili uwyeba unda Cah-bardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebisstruqturul erTeuls anda pirs, xoloaseTis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - organizaci-is Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs, romelicuwyebas adresats gadascems. am nawiliTgaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi uwyebisCabareba dasturdeba uwyebis meore eg-zemplarze uwyebis mimRebis xelmoweriT.

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna fostiTan kurieris meSveobiT, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvlebaTu am uwyebis meore egzemplarze, romelzec xelsawers adresati, aRniSnulia misi Cabarebis dro, igidabrunda sasamarTloSi da Cakerebulia saqmeSi.uwyebis meore egzemplars, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul

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SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba xels awerdes sxva piric (ix. 74-emuxlis komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSic uwyebaCabarebulad iTvleba. 2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavnateqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT, uwyebaCabarebulad iTvleba, Tu arsebobs Sesabamisadtelefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb aqti, depeSisCabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobineba,eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT miwodebulisdadastureba (ix. am muxlis me-4 nawili). amasTan erTad, ar SeiZleba mxedvelobidan gauSvaTam muxlis me-5 nawilis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadteqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebisgadacemis dro aRiniSneba am kodeqsis 70-e muxlisme-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi, romelsac adgenssasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele, romelmac es aqti undagadasces mosamarTles (TanaSemwes), romelic amzadebssaqmes da romelmac unda ganixilos es saqme. rogorc vxedavT, erT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba CabarebuladiTvleba, rodesac igi Cabardeba uSualod adresats an74-e muxlSi dasaxelebul pirs, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi,kerZod teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas -gadacemis drois dadasturebiT. am sakiTxis aseTnairad gadawyvetam praqtikaSiSeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi, kerZod sasamarTloSigamosaZaxebelma pirma SeiZleba ganacxados, rom misTvisar gadauciaT arc telefonograma, arc depeSa da arcfaqsiT Setyobineba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom faqsis aneleqtronuli fostis meSveobiT mxareTa gamoZaxebaunda moxdes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare TviTonafiqsirebs, rom mas gaaCnia sacxovrebel binaSi ansamuSao adgilze dasaxelebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi,uTiTebs Sesabamis misamarTs da gamoxatavs mzadyofnasaseTi saxis urTierTobaze. mizanSewonili SeiZlebaiyos, rom praqtikam SeimuSaos wesi, romlis Tanaxmaddamoukideblad imisa, Tu ra saSualebiT gaigzavnauwyeba (Setyobineba), igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu


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Cabarda uSualod adresats an, misi aryofnisSemTxvevaSi, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSaoadgilis administracias. Tu uwyeba igzavneba moqalaqissamuSao adgilze an egzavneba organizacias, igi undaCabardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebisstruqturul erTeuls an kidev Sesabamis uflebamosilpirs, romelic uwyebas adresats gadascems (73-e muxlisme-8 nawili). 3. uwyebis gagzavna SeiZleba mxaris meSveobiTac, TusasamarTloSi gamocxadebuli mxare Tanaxmaa meoremxares an sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebel nebismier pirswauRos da Caabaros uwyeba. sasamarTlom aseTSemTxvevaSi unda gaafrTxilos mxare, rom igivaldebulia daabrunos uwyebis meore egzemplariadresatis xelmoweriT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi uwyebaCabarebulad ar CaiTvleba. 4. 73-e muxlis me-7 nawili uSvebs SesaZleblobas, romuwyebis Cabareba sasamarTlom daavalos adgilobrivTviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, andaubnis inspeqtors, aseTi davaleba dasaSvebia iseTSemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebs mowmeebs, eqspertebs,specialistebs, Tarjimnebs „am kodeqsiT dadgeniliwesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeulisaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili”. aRniSnuli organoebisaTvis da Sss ubnisinspeqtorebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebis davalebismisacemad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba.

muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatisaryofnis SemTxvevaSi

1. Tu sasamarTlo uwyebis CambarebelmasasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebeli moqalaqe vernaxa sacxovrebel an samuSao adgilze, igiuwyebas abarebs masTan mcxovreb ojaxisromelime srulwlovan wevrs an samuSaoadgilis administracias am kodeqsis 73-e

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muxlis me-8 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.uwyebis mimRebi valdebulia uwyebis me-ore egzemplarze aRniSnos Tavisi saxeli,gvari, adresatTan damokidebuleba andakavebuli Tanamdeboba. uwyebis mimRebivaldebulia uwyeba dauyovnebliv Caabarosadresats. Cabarebad CaiTvleba rogorcuwyebis piradad gadacema, aseve uwyebismimRebis mier adresatisTvis uwyebis Si-naarsis cnobeba.2. adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi sasa-

marTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma uwyebis me-ore egzemplarze unda aRniSnos, sad ariswasuli adresati da rodis varaudoben misdabrunebas.

1. 74-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs adresa-tis moklevadian gasvlas sacxovrebeli an samuSao ad-gilidan, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva mi-zezebiT. aseTi moklevadiani aryofnis SemTxvevisTvi-saa gaTvaliswinebuli 74-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaT-valiswinebuli uwyebis Cabarebis wesi. am wesis dacviTCabarebuli uwyeba iTvleba Cabarebulad, Tumca araa ga-moricxuli, rom adresatma ver miiRos uwyeba im ubra-lo mizezis gamo, rom am uwyebis mimReb pirs gadaaviwy-da an sxva mizeziT ver moaxerxa misi gadacema adresa-tisaTvis. cxadia, rom adresatma unda daadasturos sa-samarTlos winaSe, rom misTvis uwyeba ar gadauciaT.

2. 74-e muxlis me-2 nawili awesrigebs iseT SemTxve-vebs, rodesac adresati marTalia droebiT, magram wa-sulia im dasaxlebuli punqtidan (qalaqidan, raioni-dan, soflidan), sadac igi mudmivad cxovrobs an muSa-obs. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyebis meore (sasamarTloSi da-sabrunebel) egzemplarze unda aRiniSnos, sad aris wa-suli adresati da rodis moelian mis dabrunebas..

_ sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT samarTlianad mi-aqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom adresatis droe-


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biT wasvla sacxovrebeli adgilidan ar niSnavs mis mi-er sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas; amitom, sasamar-Tlo movale iyo adresatisaTvis uwyeba gaegzavna arassk 76-e muxlis, aramed `amave kodeqsis 74-e muxlismoTxovnaTa dacviT, rac ar gaakeTa da riTac dairRvamiTiTebuli norma. aRniSnuli darRveva ki, amave ko-deqsis 394-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqtiT ganCinebis gauqme-bis absoluturi safuZvelia~.13

muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma

Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebismiRebaze, misi mimtani piri saTanado aR-niSvnas akeTebs uwyebaze, romelic sasa-marTlos ubrundeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi uw-yeba Cabarebulad iTvleba da sasamarTlosSeuZlia ganixilos saqme.

_ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba ar SeiZleba da-mokidebuli iyos mxaris da, miT umetes, saqmeSi mona-wile nebismieri sxva piris neba-survilze. amitom, Tuadresati marTalia imyofeba adgilze, magram uars am-bobs uwyebis miRebaze, rac unda aRiniSnos am uwyebismeore egzemplarze, es ver SeuSlis xels marTlmsa-julebis ganxorcielebas, sasamarTlo sxdomis Cata-rebas, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas.

aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba aqe-dan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. es Sedegebi kisxvadasxvaa imis mixedviT, Tu vin aris adresati: mxa-re, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti Tu Tarjimani. maga-liTad, Tu mopasuxem uari Tqva uwyebis miRebaze daarc mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadda, mis mimarT SeiZlebagamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (ssk 230-e muxli), Tu mowmed dabarebulma pirma uari ganacxa-da uwyebis miRebaze da arc gamocxadda sasamarTlo-

13 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #3, 2000, gv. 102-103

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Si, mas daekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxis-mgebloba (ssk 145-e muxli) da a.S.

muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmiswarmoebis dros

mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi movaleniarian acnobon sasamarTlos saqmis warmoebisganmavlobaSi TavianTi misamarTis Secvlis Se-saxeb. aseTi cnobis uqonlobisas uwyeba gaig-zavneba sasamarTlosaTvis cnobil ukanasknelmisamarTze da Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tundacadresati am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes.

_ Tu mxareebma da maTma warmomdgenlebma ar acno-bes sasamarTlos TavianTi misamarTis Secvlisa da axa-li misamarTis Sesaxeb, amas SeiZleba moyves maTTvisaraxelsayreli Sedegi. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo uw-yebas gaagzavnis misTvis cnobil ukanasknel misamarT-ze da igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tundac adresatiam misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes. radgan uwyeba Caba-rebulad CaiTvleba, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilossaqme da gamoitanos im mxarisaTvis araxelsayreli da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic ar gamocxadda.is garemoeba, rom mas uwyeba ar Cabarebia, radgan igigaigzavna Zvel misamarTze, xolo man ki Seicvala misa-marTi, ver CaiTvleba gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mi-zezad da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis sa-fuZvlad. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasa-cio palata ganuxrelad icavs am muxlis danawess.14

76-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebze da maT warmomad-genlebze, magram analogiiT es wesi SeiZleba gavavr-celoT procesis sxva monawileebzec, kerZod, mowme-ebze. mxare, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac isini procesSimonawileoben, valdebulia acnobos sasamarTlos maT

14 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #2, gv. 244


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mier misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb (140-e muxlis me-3 na-wili). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gadawydeba maTiCvenebis (daskvnis) gareSe saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.

muxli 77. uwyebis CabarebaTanamonawilisaTvis

Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindo-bili aqvs erT-erT Tanamonawiles, uwyebaCahbardeba mas, romelic valdebulia amisTaobaze acnobos sxva Tanamonawileebs. uw-yebis Cabareba im TanamonawilisaTvis, ro-melsac mindobili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, niS-navs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela Tanamonawi-lisaTvis.

_ Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon, rac unda gaformdes ka-noniT dadgenili wesiT (87-e muxli). Tu Tanamonawile-ebma gamoiyenes es ufleba da saqmis warmoeba dadgeni-li wesiT miandes erT-erT Tanamonawiles, maSin uwye-ba unda gaegzavnos mxolod mas. aseT SemTxvevaSi uw-yeba Cabarebulad iTvleba yvela TanamonawilisaTvis.

_ saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Tanamonawili-saTvis ar arTmevs uflebas sxva Tanamonawileebs miiRonmonawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, magram saqmis ganxilvisaTu saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis droisa da adgi-lis Sesaxeb am sxva Tanamonawileebs unda acnobos im Ta-namonawilem, romelsac miandes saqmis warmoeba.

_ Tu ̀ mindobilma~ Tanamonawilem ar Seasrula Ta-visi movaleoba da ar acnoba sxva Tanamonawileebs amaTu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa da, maT So-ris, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, es vergaxdeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZ-veli, radgan uwyebis Cabareba ̀ mindobili~ Tanamona-wilisaTvis ̀ niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela Tanamo-nawilisaTvis~.

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muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflisdaudgenloba

1. Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucno-bia, sasamarTlo uwyebas abarebs adgilo-brivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobisorganos anda gamoaqvs ganCineba sajaroSetyobinebis Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveo-biT.2. werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili sajaro

Setyobineba unda gaikras sasamarTlos gancx-adebebis dafaze. igi unda Seicavdes imdokumentebis ZiriTad monacemebze miTiTe-bas, romlebsac unda gaecnos mopasuxe.3>. mosarCele uflebamosilia sasamarT-

los ganCinebis safuZvelze Tavisi xarje-biT ganaxorcielos sajaro Setyobinebapublikaciis meSveobiT.4. sasamarTlo uwyeba mopasuxisaTvis

Cabarebulad iTvleba adgilobrivi TviTm-marTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organosTvismisi gadacemidan anda publikaciidan erTiTvis vadaSi. es vada sasamarTlom SeiZlebagaagrZelos ara umetes erTi Tvis vadiT.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis praqtikuli gamoyenebissirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxisadgilsamyofeli ucnobia romel adgilobrivTviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos SeiZlebaCabardes uwyeba aseTi mopasuxisaTvis gadasacemad.amave muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad SemoRebuliaCveni procesisaTvis sruliad axali, magram uaRresadmniSvnelovani wesi „sajaro Setyobineba publikaciismeSveobiT”. 2. sajaro Setyobineba unda Sedges werilobiTiformiT da gaikras sasamarTlo gancxadebebis dafaze.


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werilobiT Sedgenil sajaro SetyobinebaSi, garda 78-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT miTiTebuli monacemebisa, undaaRiniSnos, rom mopasuxis winaaRmdeg aRZruliasarCeli, rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi daimis Sesaxeb, rom ver moxerxda mopasuxis faqtiuriadgilsamyofelis dadgena. aqve unda mieTiTosagreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddebagancxadebaSi miTiTebul vadaze an ar acnobebs sasa-marTlos Tavis adgilsamyofels, saqme ganxiluliiqneba mis dauswreblad. 3. sasamarTlom mosarCelis SuamdgomlobiT SeiZlebadaadginos Tavisi ganCinebiT, rom sajaro Setyobinebaganaxorcielos publikaciis meSveobiT. xarjebisgadaxda unda daekisros mosarCeles. garda zemoTmiTiTebuli monacemebisa sajaro publikaciaSimiTiTebuli unda iyos, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxad-deba sasamarTloSi da ar acnobebs mas Tavis adgil-samyofels publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi, miswinaaRmdeg gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeligadawyvetileba. sajaro publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT mizan-Sewonilad unda CaiTvalos erT-erTi romelimegazeTis SerCeva, romelSic gamoqveyndeba saqmeTaganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari informacia,romelic saWirod miaCnia saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs.

uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro

mxarebisaTvis da saqmeSi monawile sxvadainteresebuli pirebisaTvis uwyebis CabarebuladCaTvlis mniSvnelobis gansamartavad sakmarisi iqnebamxolod mis erT aspeqtze miTiTeba: sasamarTlo verganixilavs saqmes Tu mxares ar Cabarda uwyebakanoniT dadgenili wesiT, xolo Tu maincganixilavs - es iqneba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisudavo safuZveli.

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d a s t u r d e b auwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba

dasturdeba: mxaris anwarmomadgenlis xelmowe-riT uwyebis meore egzem-plarze romelic CaekerebasaqmeSi (70-e muxli).

dasturdeba: warmomad-genlis xelmoweriT uwye-bis me-2 egzemplarze,romelic Caekereba saqmeSi(70-e muxlis pirvelinawili)

dasturdeba: ojaxis srul-wlovani wevris xelmoweriTuwyebis me-2 egzemplarze,romelic Caekereba saqmeSi. (74-e muxli spirveli nawili ).

1. Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT-erTs: an mxares an mis war-momadgenels ( mxarem undaacnobos Tavis warmomad-genels, warmomadgenelmaunda acnobos mxares).

2. Tu uwyeba Cabarda war-momadgenels (romelic va-ldebulia amis Sesaxeb ac-nobos mxares an Tavis war-momdgens) 70-e muxlispirveli nawili.

3. Tu uwyeba Cabarda adre-satis ojaxis srul-wlovanwevrs, roca adre-sati arimyofeba adgilze, 74-emuxlis pirveli nawili.

uwyebis gagzavna warmoebs aramarto iseTi tradiciulisaSualebebiT, rogoricaa fosta da kurieri, aramedTanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiTac.amitom, uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro(momenti) gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu ra saSualebiTgaigzavna es uwyeba. amas isic emateba, rom esgansxvavebuloba Camoyalibebulia sxvadasxva muxlebSi.yovelive amis gamo, uwyebis adresatisaTvisCabarebulad CaTvlis zustad da SeucdomladgansazRvra dakavSirebulia garkveul sirTuleebTan. es danarTi Sedgenilia 73-e, 74-e da 75-e muxlebisanalizis safuZvelze da misi mizania gauadvilosmosamarTleebs am rTuli da praqtikuli Tval-sazrisiT udidesi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebSi garkveva.

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4. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)telefonogramiT gadaica,misi gadacemis dawyebisa dadasrulebis droidan.( 73-emuxlis, me-2 nawilis, „a“qvepunqti).

5. Tu depeSa Cabarda adre-sats an misi ojaxis srul-wlovan wevrs. (73-e muxlisme-2 nawilis, „b“ qvepunqti).

6. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)eleqtronuli fostiT anfaqsiT gadaica. (73-e muxl-is me-2 nawilis „g“qvepunqti).

7. Tu erT-erTma mxarem,romelmac ikisra movale-oba Caabaros uwyeba meoremxares, gadasca es uwyeba ammeore mxares (73-e muxlisme-6 nawili).

8. Tu fostiT an kurierismeSveobiT gagzavnili uwyebaCabarda moqalaqes (adresats)(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).

9. Tu uwyeba Cabarda kanc-elarias, sxva aseTive stru-qturul erTeuls an organi-zaciis Sesabamis ufleba-mosil pirs, romlebic uwyebas

dasturdeba: telefonogramisgadacemis Sesaxeb SedgeniliaqtiT, romelSic mieTiTebatelefonogramis gadacemisdawyebisa da dasrulebis dro(73-e muxlis „a“ qvepunqti ). esaqti Caekereba saqmeSi.

dasturdeba: depeSis Caba-rebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Se-tyobinebiT (73-e muxlis me-2nawilis „b“ qvepunqti).

dasturdeba: uwyebis (Setyo-binebis) Cabarebis Sesaxebeleqtronuli fostiT anfaqsiT mowodebuli infor-maciiT, rac Caekereba saqmeSi(73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „g“qvepunqti).

dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze adresatisxelmoweriT, romelic undadaubrundes sasamarTlosda Caekeros saqmeSi (73-emuxlis me-6 nawili).

dasturdeba: adresatis xel-moweriT uwyebis me-2 egzempla-rze, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).

dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-2egzempliariT, romelsac xelsawers kancelariis an aseTivedaniSnulebis struqturulierTeulis an kidev am organi-zaciis Sesabamisi uflebamosilipiri, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).

adresats gadascemen. (73-emuxlis me-8 nawili).

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10. Tu adgilobrivi TviT-marTvelobis an mmarTve-lobis organom, an kidevubnis inspeqtorebma uwyebaCaabares adresats (73-emuxlis me-7 nawili).

11. Tu adresatis aryofnisSemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabardaojaxis srulwlovan wevrsan samuSao adgilis adminis-tracias (74-e muxlis pirv-eli nawili).

12. Tu publikaciidan gavidaerTi Tve, roca mopasuxisadgilsamyofeli daudge-nelia, (78-e muxlis me-4nawili).

13. Tu adresatma uari gana-cxada uwyebis miRebaze(75-e muxli).

14. Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT-erTTanamonawiles, romelsac min-dolbili aqvs saqmis warmoeba,uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvlebayvela TanamonawilisaTvis (77-e muxli).

dasturdeba: adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis an mmar-Tvelobis organos Sesabami-si Tanamdebobis piris, ankidev, ubnis inspeqtorismier xelmowerili uwyebisme-2 egzemplariT, romelicCaekereba saqmeSi (73-emuxlis me-7 nawili).

dasturdeba: uwyebis me-2egzemplarze, uwyebismimRebis xelmoweriTa davinaobis aRniSvniT (74-emuxlis nawili pirveli).

dasturdeba: Sesabamisi pub-likaciiT, romelic Caeke-reba saqmeSi (78-e muxlis me-4 nawili).

dasturdeba: uwyebaze Sesaba-misi aRniSvniT , romelic undadabrundes sasamarTloSi daCaekeros saqmeSi (75-e muxli).

dasturdeba: im uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze xelmowe-riT, romelic CabardaTanamonawiles (77-e muxli).


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kari meore

m x a r e e b i

T a v i IX

mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba daqmedunarianoba

muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqoprocesSi

1. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas Seudgebadainteresebuli pirebis gancxadebiT. mxa-reebad sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovidnenfizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi.2. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi

mxareebad SeiZleba iyvnen organizaciebi,romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi.

1. 79-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs rogorcganmcxadeblebs, romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli inte-resi daadasturon sasamarTlos meSveobiT raime, ma-galiTad, iuridiuli faqti (ssk 310-e da 312-e mux-lebi), ise modave mxareebs sasarCelo warmoebisdros. udavo warmoebis dros, xolo zogierT SemTx-vevaSi, saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis dros, yovel-Tvis gvyavs erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, sasarCelowarmoebis dros gvyavs ori, Tavisi interesebiT ur-TierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi _ mosarCele da mo-pasuxe.

mosarCele aris piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli Ta-visi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dasacavad. aqe-dan gamomdinare, mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba piri, ro-

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melmac aRZra sarCeli sxva piris dasacavad. amitom,mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba warmomadgeneli, romelicmimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sxva pirTa uflebe-bis dasacavad.

mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxa-debiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mosar-Celem unda daasaxelos mopasuxe _ es misi movaleo-baa (ssk 178-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti). sxva sakiTxia, mar-Tla unda agos Tu ara mosarCelis mier mopasuxed da-saxelebulma pirma pasuxi, e. i. marTla aris Tu ara espiri is, vinc daarRvia mosarCelis ufleba. es gairkve-va procesis bolos _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.magram Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier mopasuxis da-saxeleba aris saWiro da aucilebeli, raTa sasamarT-lom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli.

2. mxareebad sasamarTloSi _ mosarCeled da mopa-suxed, SeiZleba gamovidnen fizikuri da iuridiu-li pirebi. swored esenia samarTlis saerTod da ker-Zod, saproceso samarTlis subieqtebi.

SeiZleba Tu ara mxareebad (mosarCeled da mopasu-xed) mogvevlinon organizaciebi, romlebic ar arianiuridiuli pirebi?

79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, organizaciebi,romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, SeiZleba gamo-vidnen samoqalaqo procesSi mxareebad, oRond erTipirobiT, Tu amas iTvaliswinebs, uSvebs kanoni ama Tuim konkretuli organizaciis mimarT. magaliTad, samo-qalaqo kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, araregistri-rebuli kavSiri ar aris iuridiuli piri, magram igi Se-iZleba warmodgenili iyos sasamarTloSi da sasamarT-losgareSe urTierTobebSi Tavisi wevrebiT an saami-sod uflebamosili pirebiT.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarT-velos kanonis 25-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesaxeb, rom-lis Tanaxmad, ̀ Tu registraciamde sazogadoebis sa-xeliT raime moqmedeba ganxorcielda, am moqmedebisSemsruleblebi da damfuZneblebi pasuxs ageben per-


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sonalurad, rogorc solidaruli movaleebi am moqme-debidan warmoSobili yvela valdebulebisaTvis. es pa-suxismgebloba ZalaSi rCeba sazogadoebis registra-ciis Semdegac~.

did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens im sawarmoebisada sazogadoebebis mdgomareoba, romlebic adre iyv-nen registrirebuli, magram Semdgom, kanonis moTxov-naTa Sesabamisad, unda gaevloT xelaxali registra-cia, xolo Tu kanoniT daTqmul vadaSi isini ar gaivli-an registracias, maSin maTi registracia gauqmebuladiTvleba. registraciis gauqmeba ki niSnavs imas, rom essawarmo (sazogadoeba) aRaraa iuridiuli piri.

magram niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom am sawarmos (sazo-gadoebis) mimarT ar SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli an es sa-warmo TviTon ver gamova mosarCeled?

ara, ar niSnavs!saqme isaa, rom aseT sawarmoebs (sazogadoebebs) ar

SeiZleba ar hqondeT mravalgvari iuridiuli kavSire-bi samarTlis sxva subieqtebTanac. am kavSirurTier-Tobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba warmoiSvas sxvadasxvaxasiaTis davebi, romlebic sasamarTlom unda gadawy-vitos. amitom isini SeiZleba mogvevlinon mxareebadprocesSi, Tumca aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalon iuridiulpirebad, radgan ar gauvliaT xelaxali registracia.sxva sakiTxia, rom aseTi organizaciebisa da maTi wev-rebis pasuxismgebloba gansxvavdeba im iuridiuli pi-rebis pasuxismgeblobisagan, romlebic mxolod Tavi-si qonebiT ageben pasuxs, magram miuxedavad amisa, isi-ni SeiZleba gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi.

muxli 80. samoqalaqo saprocesouflebaunarianoba

1. saqarTvelos yvela fizikuri da iuri-diuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, hqondessamoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da mova-leobebi (saproceso uflebaunarianoba).

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2. fizikuri piris saproceso uflebau-narianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momenti-dan da Sewydeba misi gardacvalebiT.3. iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba

warmoiSoba registraciis momentidan daSewydeba misi likvidaciis registraciis mo-mentidan.

1. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba _ arispiris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari hqondessamoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi.

2. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba dakav-Sirebulia samoqalaqo materialur uflebaunariano-basTan, magram Tavisi SinaarsiTa da warmoSobis momen-tiT SeiZleba ar daemTxvnen zogjer erTmaneTs, maga-liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad,`memkvidred yofnis ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTana-ve; am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabade-baze~.

amrigad, memkvidreobis materialur-samarTlebri-vi ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave, magram samoqa-laqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi, rac dakav-Sirebulia memkvidreobasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSvasmxolod dabadebis momentidan.

ramdenadac fizikuri pirebis saproceso ufleba-unarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da arcam uflebaunarianobis SezRudva daiSveba, sasamarT-los ar sWirdeba imis Semowmeba, aRWurvilia Tu ara mxa-re _ fizikuri piri saproceso uflebaunarianobiT.

3. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirebs, maT saproceso uf-lebaunarianobas da qmedunarianobas erTmaneTisaganarc ki ansxvaveben im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isiniwarmoiSoba da Sewydeba erTdroulad _ registra-ciis momentidan da am registraciis gauqmebis momen-tidan.

amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos iuridiuli pi-ris uflebaunarianoba, rac imavdroulad iuridiuli


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piris qmedunarianobis Semowmebasac niSnavs. Tu aseTiSemowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom iuridiuli piriaraa registrirebuli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxrasmas sarCelis miRebaze (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawi-lis `v~ qvepunqti), garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, rocakanoni uSvebs araiuridiuli piris samoqalaqo proces-Si mxared monawileobis SesaZleblobas (ssk 79-e mux-lis me-2 nawili).

muxli 81. samoqalaqo saprocesoqmedunarianoba

1. yvela srulwlovani fizikuri piri daiuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, Ta-visi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarT-loSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulossaproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalossaqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels (saproce-so qmedunarianoba).2. fizikur pirTa sruli saproceso qme-

dunarianoba warmoiSoba 18 wlis asakidan(srulwlovanebidan), xolo iuridiuli pi-ris qmedunarianoba _ misi registraciis mo-mentidan. qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTvepiri, romelic iqorwinebs 18 wlis asakismiRwevamde.3. 7-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovanTa,

agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiare-bul moqalaqeTa uflebebsa da kanoniT da-cul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTimSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi,amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebulia aseTsaqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic.4. Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWe-

buli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideb-lad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvril-mani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da a.S.,

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mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad da-icvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTva-liswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele,mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZ-lia arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT anTavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi ka-nonieri warmomadgenelic.5. mcirewlovanTa uflebebs, agreTve qme-

duunarod cnobil moqalaqeTa uflebebsada kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarT-loSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgen-lebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an meurveebi.kanonieri warmomadgenlis SuamdgomlobiTsasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmeSi Caabas mci-rewlovanic.6. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-

liswinebul SemTxvevaSi meurveobisa damzrunvelobis organoebi uflebamosilniarian mimarTon sasamarTlos arasrulwlo-vnis uflebebis dacvis mizniT.

1. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba _ esaa pi-ris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari Tavisi moq-medebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uf-lebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreT-ve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels.

2. gansxvavebiT fizikur pirTa saproceso ufleba-unarianobisagan, maTi saproceso qmedunarianoba war-moiSoba srulwlovanebidan (18 wlis asakidan), xoloiuridiul pirTa qmedunarianoba _ registraciis mo-mentidan, e. i. iuridiuli piris saproceso uflebau-narianobisa da qmedunarianobis warmoSobis momentiemTxveva erTmaneTs.

ufro adre fizikuri piri SeiZleba gaxdes proce-sualurad qmedunariani, Tu igi iqorwinebs kanoniTdadgenili wesiT 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde.

amrigad, sasamarTlom, Tu arsebobs eWvis safuZ-


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veli, SeiZleba mosTxovos fizikur pirs misi asakis da-madasturebeli dokumentebis wardgena, xolo iuri-diul pirs _ misi registraciis damadasturebeli do-kumentis wardgena.

3. arasrulwlovnebi (7-dan 18 wlamde), agreTve Sez-Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi sapro-ceso qmedunarianobis TvalasazrisiT gaTanabrebule-bi arian: maT uflebebs icaven maTi kanonieri warmo-madgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi.

SeuZlia Tu ara arasrulwlovans piradad daicvassasamarTloSi Tavisi ufleba, iyos mosarCele da mopa-suxe? diax, SeuZlia, Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT mi-niWebuli aqvs ufleba TviTon damoukideblad gankar-gos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebogarigebani, miniWebuli aqvs sawarmos damoukidebladgaZRolis ufleba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 65-e mux-li).

4. saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalsazrisiT gaTa-nabrebulebi arian mcirewlovnebi da qmeduunarodaRiarebuli moqalaqeebi _ maT ar gaaCniaT saprocesoqmedunarianoba. amitom, maT uflebebs sasamarTloSimxolod maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, e. i. mSoble-bi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi icaven.

magram Tu maT ar hyavT kanonieri warmomadgeneli?maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos ssk 82-e muxli

da dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ix. ammuxlis komentari).

5. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesacsrulwlovani piri (rogorc wesi, mopasuxe) araa sasa-marTlos mier aRiarebuli qmeduunarod (ssk 322-e mux-li), magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavismoqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasusto-bis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moiwvi-os am piris mSobeli, Svili, meuRle da CarTos igi saq-meSi, rogorc kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu masar hyavs aseTi warmomadgeneli _ dauniSnos mas sapro-ceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).

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muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis uflebadacvaze

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvalis-winebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 14wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasa-marTlos Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieriinteresebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlo niSnavs saproceso warmomadgenelsda ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mo-sarCeles ufleba aqvs ar daeTanxmos Tavissaproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon da-icvas sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valde-bulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisada mzrunvelobis organoebi.

_ Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sasa-marTlos mimarTavs arasrulwlovani, maT Soris 14 wlisasaks miRweuli, (ix. 81-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT pirebssasamarTlo dauniSnavs saproceso warmomadgenlebs TumaT ar yavT kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (mSoblebi, mS-vileblebi, mzrunvelebi ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).yvela SemTxvevaSi es muxli iTvaliswinebs meurveobisada mzrunvelobis organoebis Cabmas saqmeSi.

muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxarissaproceso warmomadgeneliprocesSi (saproceso mzrunveli)

1. Tu sarCeli Setanilia qmeduunaro mxariswinaaRmdeg, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieriwarmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom mosarCelisgancxadebis safuZvelze unda daniSnos sap-roceso warmomadgeneli da ganixilos saq-me, Tu misi ganuxilveloba zianiT emuqre-ba mosarCeles.2. Tu saqmis warmoebis dros gairkveva,


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rom sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosar-Celis mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieriwarmomadgeneli, maSin saqmis ganxilvis ga-Wianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, kanonie-ri warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde SeiZlebamosarCeles dauniSnon saproceso warmo-madgeneli.

82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis,rom sasamarTlom dauniSnos qmeduunaro mxares sap-roceso warmomadgeneli (saproceso mzrunveli) da ga-nixilos saqme, saWiroa sami pirobis erTdroulad ar-seboba: pirveli _ piri unda iyos qmeduunaro. qmedu-unarod iTvleba piri 7-dan 18 wlamde (garda kanoniTgaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa) asakis, agreTveqmeduunarod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiare-buli srulwlovani piri. meore _ mosarCelis Suamd-gomloba mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlisdaniSvnis Sesaxeb da mesame _ am saqmis ganuxilvelo-bam SeiZleba ziani miayenos mosarCeles.

Tu yvela es piroba arsebobs, sasamarTlo daniSnavssaproceso warmomadgenels, raTa daculi iqnes qmedu-unaro mopasuxis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi.

_ amasTan erTad, praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imisSesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saproceso warmomadgenelidaeniSnos iseT pirs, romelic srulwlovania, araa aRi-arebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuri-diulad qmedunariania, magram aSkarad ver uwevs an-gariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis anWkuasustobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadge-neli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis sa-xiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva iseTi piris saxiT, ro-melsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaropiris interesebi sasamarTloSi.

_ arasrulwlovans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-

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ba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli, roca mas arhyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli.

1. mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniS-vnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli gan-Cineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Seta-na. Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis pirobebiar arsebobs, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mis da-niSvnaze uaris Tqmisa da sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-tovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis analogiiT, romelzec Se-iZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

2. Tu sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mi-er, romelsac ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, maSinmas SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli.

magram am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxiimis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, ro-desac mosarCele srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sa-samarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qme-dunariania, magram faqtobrivad aSkarad ver uwevsangariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis ga-mo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.

_ aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmo-madgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuR-lis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva nebismieri iseTipiris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobri-vad qmeduunaro piris interesebi.

_ saproceso warmomadgenels, ise rogorc kanonierwarmomadgenels, SeuZlia saqme awarmoos sasamarTlo-Si warmomadgenlis (advokatis) meSveobiT.

_ mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis da-niSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-melzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. mosarCe-lisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnaze uarisTqmis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sar-Celis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis`a~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).


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muxli 83. mxareTa saprocesouflebebi

1. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari sapro-ceso uflebebiT. maT ufleba aqvT gaecnonsaqmis masalebs, gaakeTon amonawerebi ammasalebidan, gadaiRon aslebi, ganacxadonacilebani, waradginon mtkicebulebani, mo-nawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokv-levaSi, SekiTxvebi dausvan mowmeebs, eqs-pertebs, specialistebs, ganacxadon sasa-marTlos winaSe Suamdgomlobebi, miscen sa-samarTlos zepiri da werilobiTi axsna-ganmarteba, waradginon TavianTi daskvnebida gamoTqvan mosazrebebi saqmis ganxilvisdros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, uaryonmeore mxaris Suamdgomlobebi, daskvnebida mosazrebebi, gaasaCivron sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi, isargeb-lon am kodeqsiT maTTvis miniWebuli sxvauflebebiT.2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswa-

ri sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebisdamTavrebamde Secvalos sarCelis safuZve-li an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCe-lo moTxovnebis odenoba, ris Sesaxebac sa-samarTlo valdebulia acnobos mopasuxes.3. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvi-

saTvis momzadebis Semdeg sarCelis safuZ-vlis an sagnis Secvla dasaSvebia mxolodmopasuxis winaswari TanxmobiT. aseTi Tan-xmobis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes SeuZlia mo-iTxovos sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxvadroisaTvis.4. sarCelis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba mo-

sarCelis mier sarCelSi miTiTebuli gare-moebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba da da-

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mateba, agreTve sasarCelo moTxovnebis ode-nobis Semcireba, an erTi nivTis nacvladmeore nivTis mikuTvneba misTvis, anda amnivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba.

1. 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens samoqa-laqo procesis fundamenturi principebis _ Sejibre-biTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis konkre-tul gamovlinebas. cxadia, rom sasamarTloebma sagan-gebo yuradReba unda miaqcion mxareTa aq CamoTvliliuflebebis dacvas, imas, rom mxareebma SeZlon am uf-lebaTa realizacia procesis ama Tu im stadiaze.

2. 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili warmoadgens dispozici-urobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, romlisTanaxmad, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelissafuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelomoTxovnis odenoba.

_ sarCelis safuZveli esaa im faqtebis erTobli-oba, romlebic asabuTeben, amarTleben faqtobrivadmosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas. aqedan gamomdina-re, sarCelis safuZvlis Secvla niSnavs im faqtobrivigaremoebebis Secvlas, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo Tav-dapirvelad mosarCelis mier Tavis sarCelSi. magali-Tad, mosarCele moiTxovda mopasuxis (damqiraveblis)binidan gamosaxlebas im safuZvliT, rom bina sWirde-boda mas Tavisi axlo naTesavebisaTvis. Semdgom mosar-Celem Secvala sarCelis safuZveli da moiTxova gamo-saxleba im safuZvliT, rom mopasuxe ukve sam Tvezemetia ar ixdis binis qiras.

_ sarCelis sagani _ esaa mosarClis moTxovnis Si-naarsi, is Tu ra moqmedebis Sesrulebas moiTxovs mo-sarCele mopasuxisagan (binis gaTavisuflebas, raimenivTis gadacemas, valis dabrunebas, zianis anazRau-rebas, ama Tu im uflebis an samarTlebrivi urTierTo-bis aRiarebas da a. S.).

_ sarCelis sagnis Secvlam, ise rogorc sasarCelomoTxovnis gadidebam, SeiZleba gamoiwvios davis sag-


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nis gazrda, romelzec damokidebulia saxelmwifo ba-Jis odenoba (39-e muxli). sarCelis sagnis Secvlas anmoTxovnis gadidebas kanoni ar ukavSirebs davis sagnisfasis gazrdis gamo baJis damatebiT winaswar gadaxdas.mosarCeles unda daevalos baJis damatebiT gadaxda,magram gadauxdeloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxil-vas. sasamarTlo xarjebis da maT Soris damatebiT sa-xelmwifo baJis gadaxdis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sa-kiTxi sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros Tavis gadawyve-tilebaSi (249-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am gadawyvetile-biT unda moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetadgadaxdilis ukan dabruneba, Tu mosarCele amcirebs Ta-vis sasarCelo moTxovnas (42-e muxli).

_ mopasuxe, romelsac egzavneba sarCelis asli, yo-velTvis emzadeba am sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. ami-tom, mas unda ecnobos droulad Tu mosarCele cv-lis sarCelis safuZvels an sagans, raTa mopasuxem SeZ-los moemzados am Secvlili sarCelisagan Tavdacvi-saTvis. kanonis am danawesis Seusrulebloba sasamar-Tlos mxriv iqneboda mopasuxis mniSvnelovani sapro-ceso uflebis darRveva, rac yovlad dauSvebelia.

3. 83-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu proce-sis romel stadiaze SeuZlia mosarCeles sarCelissafuZvlis an sagnis Secvla _ esaa saqmis winaswarisasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia. am sta-diaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZ-veli an sagani ise, rom winaswar ar miiRos Tanxmoba mo-pasuxisagan.

Tu sarCelis Secvlas mosarCele apirebs saqmis mTa-var (zepir) sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mo-pasuxis Tanxmoba aseT Secvlaze, ris Sesaxebac miTi-Tebulia agreTve ssk 224-e muxlSi. Tu mopasuxe Tanax-ma iqneba aseT Secvlaze, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovossasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis, raTamoemzados Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.magram Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs sxdomis gadadebas,saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba.

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4. rac Seeexeba mosarCelis uflebas gaadidos an Se-amciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, magaliTad,10000 laris nacvlad moiTxovos 20000 lari, an piri-qiT, 5000 lari, agreTve moiTxovos erTi nivTis nacv-lad meore nivTis mikuTvneba an am nivTis Rirebule-bis anazRaureba (magaliTad, moiTxovda avtomanqanismikuTvnebas da SemdgomSi avtomanqana Secvala roia-liT, an avtomanqanis Rirebulebis mikuTvnebiT) _ esar iqneba sarCelis sagnis Secvla. amitom, mosarCeleses SeuZlia gaakeTos procesis nebismier stadiaze damopasuxis Tanxmoba amisaTvis saWiro araa.

sarCelis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis Secvlad ar Ca-iTvleba agreTve sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebisdazusteba, dakonkreteba, damateba. es imas niSnavs,rom sarCelis faqtobrivi safuZveli ucvleli rCeba,xdeba mxolod am faqtobrivi safuZvlis dazusteba-dakonkreteba an damateba axali faqtebiT, ise rom aricvleba sarCelis Tavdapirveli faqtobrivi safuZv-lis azri da Sinaarsi.

muxli 831. mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba

1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs gamoixmos sar-Celi ise, rom uari ar Tqvas Tavis moTxovnaze. sarCelis gamoxmoba saqmis mTavarsxdomaze ganxilvis dros dasaSvebia mopa-suxis TanxmobiT. Tu mopasuxe ar aris Tanaxma,sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvi-tos saqme2. Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCe-

lis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gancxadebas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misi mosarCeli-saTvis dabrunebis Taobaze, amasTanave,mosarCeles daubrundeba mis mier gada-xdili saxelmwifo baJi.„


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1. 831 muxlis pirvelil nawili naTlad da garkveviTganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan mosarCelis mier sar-Celze uarisTqmas, romelsac ukavSirdeba seriozu-li praqtikuli Sedegebi (ix.272-e muxlis „g“ qvepunq-tis komentari) da mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamox-mobas. sarCelis gamoxmoba niSnavs imas, rom mosarCeleuars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze (sasarCelo moTx-ovnaze), aramed mas aRar surs am etapze mis mier Se-motanili sarCelis ganxilva. kanoni ar moiTxovs mo-sarCelisagan imis dasabuTebas (motivivrebas) Tu ra-tom gadaifiqra mosarCelem sarCelis amJamad ganxil-va. maSasadame, sasamarTlom ar unda moTxovos mas ase-Ti dasabuTeba: ise rogorc sarCelis aRZvra sasamarT-loSi, sarCelis gamoxmobac, anu ukan gamotana, dispoz-iciurobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa.

amasTan erTad, ise rogorc yovelTvis, kanoni icavsmopasuxis interesebs, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom TusarCelis gamoxmoba xdeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,mopasuxis Tanxmoba araa saWiro, magram, Tu sarCelisgamoxmobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba keTdeba sasamarTlosmTavar sxdomaze, maSin aucilebelia mopasuxis Tanx-moba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mopasuxes surs erTxelda samudamod gadawydes mis winaaRmdeg aRZruli sar-Celis bedi da amitom araa Tanaxma ukan gaiTxovos sar-Celi mosarCelem, romelsac SeuZlia SemdgomSi kvlavaRZras igive sarCeli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxrasmosarCeles sarCelis gamoxmobaze da ganixilos dagadawyvitos es sarCeli arsebiTad. sarCelis gamox-mobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-Cineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.

2. ganCineba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic,rodesac igi akmayofilebs mosarCelis gancxadebasgamoxmobis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sar-Cels ganuxilvelad tovebs da ukan ubrunebs mas amsarCels, masze darTul dokumentebs, agreTve mosar-Celis mier gadaxdil saxelmwifo baJs.

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am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (276-e muxli).

sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba imis gamo, rommosarCelem ukan gaiTxova sarCeli, uflebas ar arT-mevs mas kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli.

muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelisSecvla

1. sasamarTlo, romelic saqmis ganxilvisdros daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia araim piris mier, romelsac moTxovnis uflebaaqvs, SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT saqmisSeuwyvetlad Secvalos Tavdapirveli mo-sarCele saTanado mosarCeliT.2. Tu aseTi Tanxmobis miuxedavad, saTa-

nado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma SecvalosarasaTanado mosarCele, sasamarTlo saqmiswarmoebas Sewyvets im motiviT, rom arasa-Tanado mxarem uari Tqva mis mier aRZrulsarCelze.3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris

Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT,es ukanaskneli SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi me-same pirad, romelic ganacxadebs damouki-debel moTxovnas davis saganze, ris Sesa-xebac sasamarTlo acnobebs am pirs. Tu espiri Tanaxmaa Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad,sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uarsetyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelzemisi dausabuTeblobis gamo, xolo mesamepirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCe-lis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saer-To safuZvelze.4. Tu mesame pirad saqmeSi Casabmelad

navaraudevi saTanado mosarCele uars it-yvis Caebas am saqmeSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi


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gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanadomosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze.

1. es danawesi efuZneba saproceso ekonomiis prin-cips. arasaTanado mosarCeled iTvleba iseTi piri, ro-melsac ar aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. imis gasarkvevad,aqvs Tu ara pirs, romelmac sarCeli aRZra, moTxovnisufleba, unda mivmarToT materialur samarTals. ma-galiTad, nivTis ukan dabruneba mflobels SeiZlebamosTxovos mesakuTrem (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-emuxli). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu vindikaciuri sarCeli,e. i. sarCeli ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxo-vis Sesaxeb, aRZra ara am nivTis mesakuTrem, aramed mis-ma ojaxis wevrma, vTqvaT Svilma, maSin es Svili iqnebaarasaTanado mosarCele, radgan samoqalaqo kanonm-deblobiT aseTi moTxovnis ufleba mesakuTres aqvs.igive SeiZleba iTqvas garigebis baTilad cnobis moT-xovnis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 81-emuxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, ̀ Tu piri garigebisdadebis mizniT moatyues, igi uflebamosilia moiTxo-vos am garigebis baTiloba~. cxadia, rom saTanado mo-sarCele iqneba am SemTxvevaSi is piri, romelic moat-yues, e. i. visTanac motyuebiT dades garigeba.

amrigad, aris Tu ara sarCelis aRmZvreli piri saTa-nado mosarCele, ganisazRvreba materialur-samarT-lebrivi normebis safuZvelze.

_ arasaTanado mosarCelisagan unda ganvasxvavoTsarCelis aRZvraze arauflebamosili piri. ssk 93-emuxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saq-me awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda gaformdes ka-noniT gansazRvruli wesiT. Tu piri aRZravs sarCelssxva piris uflebis dasacavad, magram misi warmomad-genlobiTi uflebamosileba ar iqneba gaformebuli ka-noniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli), maSin Cven saq-me gvaqvs arauflebamosil pirTan.

amrigad, arasaTanado mosarCele _ esaa piri, romel-

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mac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumcaar aqvs am sarCeliT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis ufle-ba, anu ar aqvs materialur-samarTlebrivi interesiam saqmeSi. arauflebamosili piri _ esaa piri, romel-mac aRZra sarCeli sxvisi uflebis dasacavad, magramar aqvs am sxva piris mier saTanado wesiT gaformebu-li uflebamosileba. Tu sarCeli dainteresebuli pi-ris saxeliT Seitana iseTma pirma, romelsac ar aqvsuflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze, maSin sasamarTloar miiRebs sarCels (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis`z~ qvepunqti).

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia arasa-Tanado mosarCelis mier, sasamarTlo uars ver etyvismas sarCelis miRebaze. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxoloddaayenos Tavisi iniciativiT sakiTxi arasaTanado mo-sarCelis saTanadoTi Secvlis Sesaxeb.

2. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa SeicvalossaTanadoTi, es imas niSnavs, rom man uari Tqva mis mieraRZrul sarCelze. amitom, Tu saTanado mosarCele araris Tanaxma Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele _ sa-samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewy-vetis Sesaxeb (ssk 272-e muxlis ̀ g~ qvepunqti).

magram Tu saTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa SecvalosarasaTanado mosarCele, maSin saqmis warmoeba ar Sewy-deba da sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas arasaTanadomosarCelis saTanado mosarCeliT Secvlis Sesaxeb, ga-nixilavs saqmes saTanado mosarCelis mimarT da gamoi-tans gadawyvetilebas mis mimarT.

3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Seic-valos saTanado mosarCeliT, maSin am saTanado mosar-Celes SeuZlia Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukide-beli moTxovniT. saTanado mosarCelis mesame piradsaqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis Sem-TxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. mesame pi-rad saqmeSi Cabmul saTanado mosarCeles ar sWirdebasarCelis aRZvra, rogorc amas ssk 88-e muxli iTvalis-winebs, radgan arasaTanado mosarCelis mier aRZruli


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sarCeli ganixileba mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTa-nado mosarCelis mimarTebidanac. sasamarTlo TavisigadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCe-les sarCelis dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom mas araqvs moTxovnis ufleba, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cab-muli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayo-filebs saerTo safuZvelze.

muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxisSecvla

Tu saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo daad-gens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piriswinaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sar-Celze, mas SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiTSecvalos Tavdapirveli mopasuxe saTanadomopasuxiT. Tu mosarCele ar aris TanaxmaTavdapirveli mopasuxis saTanado mopasu-xiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawy-vetilebiT uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCe-lis dakmayofilebaze.

_ mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxa-debiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mopasu-xis dasaxelebis uflebamosileba da movaleobac mo-sarCeles aqvs. es kargad Cans ssk 178-e muxlis Sinaar-sidanac. am muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ b~ qvepunqtis Ta-naxmad, sarCelSi aRniSnuli unda iyos mopasuxis gva-ri, saxeli (saxelwodeba) da misamarTi, telefoni, faq-si da a.S.

praqtikaSi zogjer adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs, rode-sac sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romel-mac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze. magaliTad, sarCeli va-lis dabrunebis Sesaxeb aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRm-deg, romelsac mosarCelem sesxis saxiT gadasca gark-veuli Tanxa, aramed am msesxeblis mamis mimarT, sarCe-li arasrulwlovani SviliSvilis rCenisaTvis aRZru-

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lia papis (babuis) mimarT, maSin, rodesac mas SeuZliasarCo miiRos Tavisi mSoblebisagan, kerZod, mamisagan,romelsac sakmao saxsrebi da kargi xelfasi aqvs da a. S.

_ sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs ar miiRos sarCeli immotiviT, rom igi aRZrulia arasaTanado mopasuxis mi-marT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod daayenos sakiTxiarasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT SecvlisSesaxeb. aseTi Secvla SeiZleba moxdes mxolod mosar-Celis TanxmobiT.

_ Tu mosarCele araa Tanaxma arasaTanado mopasu-xis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo ganixi-lavs saqmes da uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dak-mayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.

_ arasaTanado mxaris (mosarCelis, mopasuxis) Sec-vla mizanSewonilia moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadia-ze, kerZod, mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram, Tu arasa-Tanado mxaris Secvlis sakiTxi wamoiWra sasamarTlosmTavar sxdomaze, maSin aseTi Secvla aq unda moxdes,rasac SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis ga-dadeba moyves .

erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma ga-dawyvetileba im motiviT, rom zianis anazRaureba da-ekisra pirs, romelic arc mosarCelis mier iyo dasaxe-lebuli mopasuxed da arc sasamarTlos mier yofiladaSvebuli rogorc saTanado mopasuxe, nacvlad mo-sarCelis mier dasaxelebuli arasaTanado mopasuxisa.sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT sworad miiCnia, romuxeSadaa darRveuli ssk 85-e muxlis moTxovnebi, rad-gan dauSvebelia saqmeSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis ga-reSe mesame pirad Cabmul pirs daekisros zianis anaz-Raureba, ise rom igi ar iyo CarTuli procesSi 85-e mux-lis Sesabamisad.15

15 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #10, gv.479


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T a v i X

saproceso Tanamonawileoba

muxli 86. TanamonawileobissafuZvlebi

1. sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes er-Tad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramde-nime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, Tu:a) sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo

ufleba;b) sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs

erTi da imave safuZvlebidan;g) sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania,

miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu aramaTi safuZveli da sagani.2. TiToeuli mosarCele an mopasuxe meo-

re mxaris mimarT procesSi gamodis damou-kideblad.

1. Tanamonawileoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTi mo-sarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaR-mdeg, ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels erTi mo-pasuxis winaaRmdeg da ramdenime mosarCele aRZravssarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. erT mxare-ze monawile Tanamonawileebis interesebi ar SeiZlebaewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, e. i. TanamosarCelee-bis interesebi, iseve rogorc Tanamopasuxeebis inte-resebi, ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs.amiT Tanamonawileoba gansxvavdeba mesame pirisa-gan, romelic aRZravs sarCels damoukidebeli moT-xovniT davis saganze.

_ Tanamonawileobis mizania saqmis ganxilvisa da ga-dawyvetis daCqareba, xarjebis Semcireba, erTmaneTissawinaaRmdego an Seusabamo gadawyvetilebaTa gamota-nis Tavidan acileba.

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am mizniT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganxorciel-des momzadebis stadiaze. kerZod, 182-e muxlis me-4nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramde-nime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTandakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxva-dasxva mxareebi monawileoben, sasamarTlos SeuZliamxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi calkewarmoebad, Tu amas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-rad ganxilva.

saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTianebis iniciativiTSeiZleba gamovides mosamarTlec (sasamarTloc) imTvalsazrisiT, rom urCios mxares daTanxmdes aseT ga-erTianebaze.

_ Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo dafakultaturi (ara aucilebeli).

_ Tanamonawileoba savaldebuloa, Tu materia-lur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, Se-uZlebelia am urTierTobis yvela subieqtis monawi-leobis gareSe saqmis ganxilva. magaliTad, saerTo sa-kuTrebis uflebis („a“ qvepunqti) erT-erTma monawi-lem moiTxova wilis gamoyofa. saqmeSi Cabmuli undaiqnes yvela mesakuTre: yovelTvis, roca dava exeba sa-ziaro sagans, saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saziaro uf-lebis yvela mesakuTre; Tu saqme exeba binidan gamo-saxlebas (binis gaTavisuflebas), maSin am saqmeSi Cab-muli unda iqnen am binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri da a. S.

savaldebulo Tanamonawileobisas, Tu yvela Tana-monawile ar iqneba Cabmuli saqmeSi da sasamarTlo isegamoitans gadawyvetilebas, maSin am gadawyvetilebisaRsruleba ver moxerxdeba, radgan misi kanonieri Za-la vrceldeba mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawi-leobdnen saqmeSi. amitom, Tu sarCeli araa aRZrulisaerTo uflebis yvela Tanamonawilis an saerTo val-debulebis mqone yvela piris mimarT, maSin sasamarT-lom unda Caabas isini saqmeSi Tavisi iniciativiT.

_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeuZliaTu ara sasamarTlos savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis


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dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, ro-ca ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (Tanamosar-Cele an Tanamopasuxe), an gamocxadda ara yvela, ara-med erT-erTi maTgani.

Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda arcerTiTanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), rom-lebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili we-siT, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyveti-lebas (229-e da 230-e muxlebi).

Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT-erTi Ta-namonawile, vTqvaT TanamosarCele, sasamarTlom un-da gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivigadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.

savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTiTanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamo-nawilis gamocxadebas, Tu yvela Tanamonawiles gaeg-zavna Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.

_ Tu arcerTi mxare, e. i. arcerTi TanamosarCele daarcerTi Tanamopasuxe ar gamocxadda sasamarTlos Se-uZlia sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (231-e muxli).

_ arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawile-oba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom ̀ sasarCelomoTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebi-dan~ („b“ qvepunqti ), an kidev imiT, rom ̀ sasarCelo moT-xovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarova-nia Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani“ („g“ qvepunqti).

magaliTad, Tu piris qonebas ziani miayena ramdeni-me pirma, dazaralebuls SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras ro-gorc calkeuli zianis mimyeneblis, ise yvelas mimarTerTad. aseve, TiToeul muSa-mosamsaxures SeuZliacal-calke aRZras sarCeli administraciis mimarTxelfasis miRebis Taobaze, magram maT SeuZliaT gaa-erTianon TavianTi erTgvarovani moTxovnebi erT sar-CelSi.

Tanamonawileoba aseT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebuliasaqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebiT, ag-reTve, saproceso ekonomiis principis moTxovnebiT.

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ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi es mizani SeiZleba veriqnes realizebuli. maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ramde-nime mosarCelis an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT ward-genili moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos er-Ti an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

_ Tanamonawileobisagan unda ganvasxvavoT ramde-nime sasarCelo moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianebaerTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tanamonawileoba _ esaris sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, xolo ram-denime moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba erTsa daimave mopasuxis mimarT _ sarCelebis obieqturi ga-erTianeba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moT-xovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdeni-me moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi SeuZlia Tu ara sasa-marTlos arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamona-wileobis dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyve-tileba, Tu ar gamocxadda arcerTi an gamocxadda mxo-lod erT-erTi Tanamonawile.

aseTi Tanamonawileobis dros, Tu ar gamocxaddaerT mxareze monawile arcerTi Tanamonawile, sasamar-Tlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-ba yvela gamoucxadebel mxareTa sawinaaRmdegod (ssk229-230-e muxlebi). magram, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomazegamocxadda erT mxareze monawile mxolod erTi an ram-denime Tanamonawile, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ga-moitanos Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba mxolod gamoc-xadebuli Tanamonawilis mimarT da dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetileba gamoucxadebel TanamonawileTa mimarT.

_ arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros TiToe-ul Tanamonawiles SeeZlo aReZra damoukidebeli sar-Celi calke aRebuli mopasuxis mimarT. aqedan gamom-dinare, arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba ar niSnavs yvelaTanamonawilis gamocxadebas. amitom, aseT SemTxve-vaSi gamoucxadeblobas unda moyves is Sedegi, rasackanoni ukavSirebs mxaris gamoucxadeblobas saerTod.


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2. procesSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis damoukideb-lad gamosvla imas niSnavs, rom mis mier ama Tu im sap-roceso moqmedebis Seusruleblobas ar SeuZlia rai-me ziani miayenos sxva Tanamonawiles an zegavlena mo-axdinos sxva Tanamonawileebze. magaliTad, erTi Ta-namonawilis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, an sarCeliscnoba ar niSnavs sarCelze uaris Tqmas an sarCeliscnobas sxva Tanamonawileebis mier.

sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas im mosarCe-lis mimarT, romelmac uari Tqva sarCelze da sxvebismimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. aseve sasamarT-lo daakmayofilebs sarCels im mopasuxis mimarT, ro-melmac cno sarCeli, xolo sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebssaqmis ganxilvas.

muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi

1. Tanamonawileni sargebloben yvela imsaproceso uflebiT, romlebic am kodeqsisTanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs.2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis war-

moeba erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon, gardaim SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tanamonawile aras-rulwlovania, anda mas hyavs meurve anmzrunveli.3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Ta-

namonawilisaTvis unda gaformdes 96-e mux-liT dadgenili wesiT.

1. Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasu-xeebi) arian mxareebi, romlebic icaven TavianT ufle-bebs da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul interesebs. amitom,isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT, ra uflebebicaqvT mxareebs (ssk 83-e muxli).

2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba sasa-marTloSi erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon. aseT Sem-

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TxvevaSi Tanamonawile or funqcias asrulebs: is arismxare, romelic icavs Tavis uflebebs da, imavdrou-lad is aris warmomadgeneli sxva Tanamonawileebisa.am ori funqciis (mxare, warmomadgeneli) SeTavseba da-saSvebia mxolod Tanamonawileobis dros.

3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Tanamonawi-lisaTvis aucileblad unda gaformdes kanoniT dad-genili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli). magaliTad, moqalaqeTamier gacemuli mindobiloba unda damowmdes sanota-ro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swav-lobs marwmunebeli.

Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmiswarmoeba sxva Tanamonawileebis mier, Tavis mxriv, arekrZaleba aiyvanos advokati.

_ mcdaria da ar Seesabameba kanons iseTi praqtika,rodesac TanamonawileTa warmomadgenlad daSvebis sa-kiTxs am warmomadgenlis sityvieri gancxadebis safuZ-velze wyvets sasamarTlo.


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T a v i XI

mesame pirebi

muxli 88. mesame pirebidamoukidebeli sasarCelomoTxovniT

1. TiToeul dainteresebul pirs, romel-ic acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davissaganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia aRZrassarCeli orive an erT-erTi mxaris mimarTmxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde (mesame pire-bi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT).mesame piris sarCelis miReba da ganxilvawarmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT. mesamepirisa da Tavdapirveli mosarCelis sarCe-lis gadawyveta xdeba erTdroulad.2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCe-

lo moTxovniT sargebloben mosarCelis yve-la uflebiT da maT ekisrebaT misi yvelamovaleoba.

1. zogjer samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesirTuldeba imis gamo rom procesSi Semodis piri, rom-lis interesebi ar emTxveva arc mosarCelisa da arcmopasuxis interesebs.

amrigad, mesame piri es iseTi piria, romelic Se-modis mxareTa Soris ukve dawyebul procesSi Tavi-si sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad,romlebic aramarto ar emTxveva, aramed piriqiT, ewi-naaRmdegeba kidec mxareebis (mosarCelis, mopasuxis)interesebs. swored amitom, isini ar SeiZleba CaebanprocesSi Tanamonawileebad (ssk 86-e muxli).

_ mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT sasa-marTlos unda mimarTon sarCeliT. imisaTvis, rom sa-samarTlom miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli, is unda

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akmayofilebdes yvela im moTxovnas, rac waeyenebasarCelebs saerTod (ssk 178-e muxli).

amave dros, mesame piris sarCels waeyeneba dama-tebiTi moTxovnebi, kerZod, igi mimarTuli unda iyosdavis saganze an mis nawilze.

_ mesame piris sarCelis aRZvra da miReba warmoebsim wesebis dacviT, romlebiTac gaTvaliswinebulia sa-erTod sarCelebis miReba (ssk177-187-e muxlebi). ga-monaklisi am wesebidan SeiZleba iyos gansjadoba: me-same pirs SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli damoukidebeli moT-xovniT davis saganze im sasamarTloSi, sadac es davaganixileba.

aqedan gamomdinare, mesame pirad damoukidebelimoTxovniT ver CaiTvleba iseTi piri, romelic sasa-marTlom CaTvala aseTad am piris zepiri Tu werilo-biTi Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da am piris mier sar-Celis aRZvris gareSe.

_ mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-niT SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli mxareTa paeqrobis daw-yebamde.

cxadia, mesame piris mier sarCelis aRZvra gamoiw-vevs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebasa da mis gaWianurebas,magram aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mesamepirma SeiZleba dagvianebiT Seityos sasamarTloSimimdinare davisa da am davis sagnis Sesaxeb, magram, Tupiri ama Tu im statusiT (vTqvaT, mesame pirad damou-kidebeli moTxovnis gareSe), monawileobs saqmis gan-xilvaSi, romelic isedac TveobiT Wianurdeba da bo-los, maSin rodesac saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvamTavrdeba da sasamarTlo unda gavides gadawyvetile-bis gamosatanad, Tu igi warudgens sasamarTlos sar-Cels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze, undamiiRos Tu ara sasamarTlom sarCeli aseTi mesame pi-risgan?

sasamarTlo mowodebulia ebrZolos arakeTil-sindisierebas da saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebismcdelobas, _ visganac ar unda momdinareobdes igi,


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miT umetes, rom mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras damouki-debeli sarCeli sxva dros da wina procesSi monawilenebismieri mxaris winaaRmdeg..

_ saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebi mowode-bulni arian ganixilon saCivrebi. amasTan erTad, isiniamowmeben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebebs, Sesabami-sad, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk377-e da 404-e muxlebi).

amrigad, aRniSnuli sasamarTloebi ganixilaven sa-Civrebs gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic gamotaniliaqvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier iq aRZrulsarCelebze (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi) da ara sarCe-lebs. mesame piris sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniTaris Cveulebrivi sarCeli da aseTi sarCeliT saape-lacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi mimarTva dauSve-belia.

2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-niT arian igive mosarCeleebi da isini sargebloben yve-la im uflebebiT, ra uflebiTac sargebloben mosar-Celeebi saerTod (ssk 83-e muxli).

muxli 89. mesame pirebidamoukidebeli sasarCelomoTxovnis gareSe

yovel dainteresebul pirs, romelic aracxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis sa-ganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia mimarTossasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igisaqmeSi mesame pirad mosarCelis an mopasu-xis mxareze, radgan sasamarTlo gadawyve-tilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia SemdgomSi gav-lena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movale-obebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. mesame pi-rad daSvebis sakiTxs mxareTa mosazrebe-bis gaTvaliswinebiT wyvets sasamarTlo.

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sasamarTlo praqtikaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli sa-xelmwifo qonebis marTvis organoebis, meriebis, gam-geobebis, sxvadasxva inspeqciebis, notariusebis da a.S. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi damoukidebeli moT-xovnis gareSe mesame pirebad Cabma. xSiria SemTxveve-bi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier ar aris dasabuTebu-li da motivirebuli, is Tu romeli mxaris dasaxmareb-lad Caebnen aRniSnuli subieqtebi procesSi an ra mo-sazrebiT da romeli kanoniT xelmZRvanelobda sasa-marTlo, maTi saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamo-tanisas

_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebadsaqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom un-da ixelmZRvanelos ssk 89-e muxlis moTxovnebiT, rom-lis Tanaxmad, aseTi mesame pirebis Cabma saqmeSi da-saSvebia, Tu maT gaaCniaT iuridiuli interesi, e. i.Tu ̀ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZliaSemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da mova-leobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~.

_ sasamarTlom TviTon unda ganWvritos, aqvs Tu araaseT mesame pirs iuridiuli interesi, e. i. moaxdensTu ara am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba gavle-nas mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze ̀ erT-erTi mxarismimarT~.

am saqmeSi sasamarTlos daexmareba kanonic. magali-Tad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 706-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TutvirTis dakargvis an dazianebis gamo zianis anazRau-reba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, maSin mas SeuZ-lia aRZras regresuli (ukumoTxovnis) sarCeli sxva ga-damzidvelebis mimarT. rogorc vxedavT, aseT saqme-ze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, romliTac zianis anaz-Raureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, SeuZlia gav-lena moaxdinos sxva gadamzidvelis movaleobebze,kerZod, aunazRauros wagebul gadamzidvels is, racmas daekisra mosarCelis sasargeblod, amitom, es ̀ sxvagadamzidveli~ dainteresebulia Caebas procesSi me-same pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, raTa da-


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exmaros gadamzidvels moigos procesi, riTac Tavidanaicdens mis winaaRmdeg regresuli sarCelis aRZvras.

_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli (wi-naswargadamwyveti) Zala sxva sarCelebis ganxilvisasganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Cabmuli iyo Tu ara mesa-me piri saqmis ganxilvaSi.

amitom, damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pi-ris saqmeSi CabmiT dainteresebuli unda iyos rogorcuSualod mxare, ise mis mxareze monawile mesame piri.

_ regresuli moTxovnis wayenebis saSiSroeba, mar-Talia, mesame pirisaTvis aris iuridiuli interesiswarmoSobis ZiriTadi, magram ara erTaderTi safuZve-li.

magaliTad, praqtika dasaSvebad Tvlis da vfiqrobTgamarTlebulia saqmeSi mesame pirad im bavSvis mSob-lis Cabma, romelic adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebissafuZvelze iRebs aliments, radgan am mSoblis sxvaqorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis sasargeblod alimen-tis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebam SeiZleba gamoiwviospirveli gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvruli alimentisodenobis Semcireba.

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mesame pire-bi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe da Tanamonawi-leebi. Tanamonawileobis kanoniT gansazRvruli sa-fuZvlebi iseTia, rom Tanamonawileebi yovelTvis upi-rispirdebian erTmaneTs _ TanamosarCleebi Tanamopa-suxeebs da piriqiT. rac SeexebaT mesame pirebs damou-kidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, isini materialur-samar-Tlebriv urTierTobaSi arian mxolod im pirTan, rom-lis mxarezec gamodian procesSi da aranairi samarT-lebrivi urTierToba mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan ar akav-SirebT.

_ mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe Se-iZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli piri.

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muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSierT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT

1. mesame piri damoukidebeli sasarCelomoTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmul iqneserT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT, risTvisac igimimarTavs sasamarTlos motivirebuli gan-cxadebiT. aseTi gancxadeba sasamarTlo ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanamde SeiZleba ga-keTdes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiriformiT. zepiri gancxadeba Seitaneba sasa-marTlo sxdomis oqmSi. mxareTa mosazre-bebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo gamoi-tans ganCinebas mesame piris saqmeSi mona-wileobisaTvis Cabmis an aseT Cabmaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb.2. mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Se-

saxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba gasaCivrdebagadawyvetilebasTan erTad.

1. mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe Se-iZleba Cabmuli iqnes saqmeSi rogorc uSualod am me-same piris (ssk 89-e muxli), ise mosarCelis, mopasuxis,damoukidebeli moTxovnis mqone mesame piris inicia-tiviT.

_ sasamarTlos iniciativiT aseTi mesame pirebis saq-meSi Cabmas moqmedi ssk ar iTvaliswinebs, magram sasa-marTlos SeuZlia jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadi-aze winadadeba misces mxareebs droulad ganacxadonTu vin SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damouki-debeli moTxovnis gareSe (ssk 201-e da 203-e muxlebi).

_ gancxadeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe me-same piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, imis da miuxedavadwerilobiTi Tu zepiri formiTaa igi wardgenili, undaiyos motivirebuli, e. i. miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZ-veli, ris gamoc ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs mesame pirissaqmeSi Cabmas. es imas niSnavs, rom masSi miTiTebuli


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unda iyos Tu konkretulad ra gavlena SeiZleba moax-dinos mesame piris uflebebze da movaleobebze am saq-meze gamotanilma gadawyvetilebam (ssk 89-e muxli). sa-samarTlom ar unda dauSvas mesame piris procesSiCabma saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.

_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saq-meSi Cabmis sakiTxze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasiRebs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba mox-des Semdegnairad: Tu gancxadeba mesame piris saqmeSiCabmis Sesaxeb Semotanilia am saqmis momzadebis sta-diaze, maSin es gancxadeba gadaegzavneba mxares (mxa-reebs), romelsac daeniSneba Sesabamisi vada am sakiTx-ze misi werilobiTi mosazrebis wardgenisaTvis. mxa-ris mier am vadaSi werilobiTi mosazrebis warudgen-loba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier konkretulsakiTxis gadawyvetas. Tu gancxadeba Semotanilia sa-samarTlo sxdomaze, maSin mxareTa mosazrebebis mos-mena xdeba imave sxdomaze.

2. damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirissaqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivi-rebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, ag-reTve, Tu vis (mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis) mxareze xde-ba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma.

aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba._ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saq-

meSi Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvsmotivirebuli ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba gasa-Civrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.

damoukideblad imisa, mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxismxareze xdeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesa-me piris saqmeSi Cabma, yovlad dauSvebelia gadawyve-tileba mosarCelis nacvlad am mesame piris sasargeb-lod iqnes gamotanili, an mas daekisros pasuxismgeb-loba mopasuxis nacvlad. amitom, principuli mniSv-neloba aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos miTiTebas erT-erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom piri ar yofila Cabmuli

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saqmeSi mopasuxed, xolo gadawyvetilebiT igi mopasu-xed iqna miCneuli riTac uxeSad dairRva am piris uf-lebebi, ris gamoc gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes.16

muxli 91. mesame pirebis saprocesouflebebi

mesame pirebi, romlebic ar acxadeben da-moukidebel moTxovnebs davis saganze, sar-gebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiTda maT ekisrebaT mxareTa saproceso mova-leobebi, garda uflebisa, gaadidon an Se-amciron sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, Sec-valon sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, cnonsarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze an morigd-nen, aRZran Segebebuli sarCeli, moiTxo-von sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis iZulebi-Ti aRsruleba.

mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe sar-gebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT, romlebic Ca-moTvlilia ssk 83-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).amasTan erTad, ssk 91-e muxli Seicavs mxaris im ufle-bamosilebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebiTac ver isargeb-lebs mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.aseT mesame pirs ar SeuZlia, agreTve, gaasaCivros sa-samarTlos gadawyvetilebebi saapelacio an sakasaciowesiT (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi). agreTve SeitanoskerZo saCivari (ssk 414-e muxli).

muxli 92. saprocesouflebamonacvleoba

1. sadavo an sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-biT dadgenili samarTlebrivi urTierTo-

16 ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #10, 2000, gv. 478-479.


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bidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvlis SemTxvevaSi(moqalaqis gardacvaleba, iuridiuli pi-ris reorganizacia, moTxovnis daTmoba, va-lis gadacema da sxva) sasamarTlo dauS-vebs am mxaris Secvlas misi uflebamonac-vliT. uflebamonacvleoba SesaZlebeliaprocesis yovel stadiaze.2. uflebamonacvlisaTvis procesSi mis

daSvebamde Sesasrulebeli yvela moqmede-ba savaldebuloa im odenobiT, rac saval-debulo iqneboda im pirisaTvis, romelicman Secvala.3. uflebamonacvleobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-

marTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas 279-emuxlis Sesabamisad.4. uflebamonacvliT Secvlis an aseT Secv-

laze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia ara saqmidanerT-erTi mxaris gasvla (magaliTad, arasaTanado mxa-re gavida saqmidan da mis nacvlad Semovida saTanadomxare), aramed samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvla.

_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvlebi (anusadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gasvlis SemT-xvevebi) miTiTebulia ssk 92-e muxlSi. aseTi safuZv-lebia:

a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba. magaliTad, sk 1306-emuxlis Tanaxmad, gardacvlili piris qonebis gadasv-la sxva pirebze xorcieldeba kanoniT an anderZiT.

b) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia. iuridiulipiris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa, ga-moyofa, gardaqmna) gaTvaliswinebulia ̀ mewarmeTa Se-saxeb~ kanonis me-14 muxliTa da sk 39-e muxliT.

g) moTxovnis daTmoba. gaTvaliswinebulia sk 199-emuxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, garkveuli pirobebis arse-

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bobisas moTxovnis mflobels (kreditors) SeuZliamoTxovna mesame pirs dauTmos. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tav-dapirveli mflobelis adgils ikavebs is piri, romel-sac moTxovna dauTmes.

Sesabamisad, saproceso uflebamonacvlis adgils,nacvlad Tavdapirveli mflobel-mosarClisa, daika-vebs piri, romelsac am Tavdapirvelma mflobel-mo-sarClem dauTmo moTxovna.

d) valis gadacema. valis gadacema (gadakisreba)gaTvaliswinebulia sk 203-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad,moTxovnis mflobelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT va-li SeiZleba Tavis Tavze aiRos mesame pirmac. aseT Sem-TxvevaSi piri, romelmac Tavis Tavze aiRo vali, daika-vebs Tavdapirveli movalis adgils. es imas niSnavs, romTu Tavdapirveli movale gvevlineba saqmeSi mopasu-xed, valis gadakisrebis SemTxvevaSi mis saproceso uf-lebamonacvled mogvevlineba piri, romelsac gadaeca(gadaekisra) vali.

es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. magaliTad, ufle-bamonacvleobis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas sa-davo nivTis gasxvisebis (gayidvis) SemTxvevaSi.

_ uflebamonacvleoba gansxvavdeba procesSi ara-saTanado mxaris Secvlisagan: arasaTanado mxare _ esiseTi piria, romelic ar aris sadavo samarTlebriviurTierTobis subieqti. amitom, mas ara aqvs moTxov-nis ufleba, agreTve man ar unda agos pasuxi mis mimarTaRZrul moTxovnaze. uflebamonacvleobis dros ki pi-riqiT xdeba: Tavdapirveli mxare iyo saTanado mxare,radgan igi iyo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtida mxolod imis Sedegad, rom misi adgili am samarT-lebriv urTierTobaSi daikava (kanoniT dadgenili sa-fuZvlebiTa da wesiT) sxva pirma, Sesabamisad, es sxvapiri ikavebs mis adgils samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoe-baSi (saproceso uflebamonacvleoba).

_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia uf-lebamonacvleoba materialur samarTalSi, rode-sac materialuri samarTlis normebis mixedviT, dasaS-


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vebia samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi uflebebisa da mo-valeobebis subieqtebis Secvla, rodesac axali subi-eqti mTlianad an nawilobriv iRebs Tavis Tavze Tavi-si winamorbedis uflebebs an movaleobebs.

Tu uflebamonacvleoba materialuri samarT-lis mixedviT dauSvebelia, maSin dauSvebelia sap-roceso uflebamonacvleobac. magaliTad, Tu gar-daicvala piri, romelic samuSaoze aRdgenas moiTxov-da, saqmis warmoeba Sewydeba, radgan dauSvebelia amuflebis sxva pirze gadasvla. aseve, dauSvebelia ali-mentis gadaxdevinebis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirzeda a. S. magaliTad, sk 453-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movalisgardacvaleba iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Ses-ruleba SeuZlebelia misi piradi monawileobis gare-Se. aseve, kreditoris gardacvalebac iwvevs valdebu-lebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyopiradad kreditorisaTvis.

_ saproceso uflebamonacvleoba dasaSvebia pro-cesis nebismier stadiaze, kerZod:

a) sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan gadawyvetilebisgamotanamde;

b) gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis kanonier Zala-Si Sesvlamde;

g) gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan misaRsrulebamde.

2. uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia moiTxovos im sap-roceso moqmedebis xelmeored (ganmeorebiT) Sesru-leba, romelic misma winamorbedma Seasrula. magali-Tad, mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos mowmeTa ganmeorebiTgamoZaxeba da dakiTxva, agreTve, saproceso vadis Ta-vidan aTvla, Tu es vada gaSvebuli iyo jer kidev misiwinamorbedis sicocxleSi an iuridiuli piris reorga-nizaciamde. magaliTad, Tu uflebamonacvleoba war-moiSva gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sem-deg, e. i. winamorbedis gardacvalebamde an iuridiulipiris reorganizaciamde, maSin uflebamonacvles arSeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu uf-

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lebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamota-nisTanave, magram mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, uf-lebamonacvles SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetile-ba (ganCineba).

_ uflebamonacvlis winamorbedis mier Sesrulebu-li yvela saproceso moqmedeba iTvleba Sesrulebu-lad uflebamonacvlis mier. magaliTad, Tu misma wina-morbedma Secvala sarCelis sagani da nacvlad mopasu-xis binidan gamosaxlebisa, misgan moiTxova binis qirisgadaxda, uflebamonacvle ver ityvis uars aseT Secv-laze, magram, Tu mis winamorbeds aqvs ufleba uariTqvas mis mier Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebaze,maSin aseTive ufleba aqvs uflebamonacvlesac. maga-liTad, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia uari Tqvas winamor-bedis mier Setanil saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarze,radgan winamorbedsac hqonda aseTi ufleba (ssk 378-emuxli).

3. Tu uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba warmoiS-va gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde(saqmis pirvel, saape-lacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi ganxilvis dros), ma-Sin sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (ssk279-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), ris Sesaxebac sasamarT-los gamoaqvs ganCineba. am ganCinebaSi sasamarTlom un-da miuTiTos, rom saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia ufle-bamonacvlis dadgenamde, magram uflebamonacvlisdadgeniT yovelTvis ver moxdeba SeCerebuli saqmisganaxleba.

_ kerZod, Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mosarCelis ufleba-monacvles, maSin man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos gan-cxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi rogorc mosarCe-lis uflebamonacvle. manve unda warudginos sasamar-Tlos uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli mtkice-bulebebi (samkvidro mowmoba, moTxovnis daTmobis Se-saxeb xelSekruleba, valis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb xel-Sekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis damadas-turebeli dokumentebi da a. S).

_ Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mopasuxes, maSin mosarCelem


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an TviTon mopasuxis uflebamonacvlem unda mimarTossasamarTlos Sesabamisi gancxadebiT. maT sasamarTlosunda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasture-beli sabuTebi. Tu mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli mo-pasuxis uflebamonacvle uaryofs Tavis uflebamonac-vleobas, man es uaryofa unda daadasturos.

_ apelantis Tu kasatoris uflebamonacvlis dasa-xelebiT da SeCerebuli saapelacio Tu sakasacio war-moebis ganaxlebiT SeiZleba dainteresebuli iyos mo-winaaRmdege (saapelacio Tu sakasacio mopasuxe) mxa-rec. magaliTad, mosarCelem moigo procesi da mas mie-kuTvna is sikeTe, rasac moiTxovda (raime nivTi, fu-ladi Tanxa, binaSi Sesaxleba da a. S.). mopasuxem Seita-na saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, magram sanam sasa-marTlo am saCivars ganixilavda, apelanti (kasatori)gardaicvala. imis gamo, rom am SemTxvevaSi saCivariaris faqtobrivad da iuridiulad sruliad uperspeq-tivo, apelantis (kasatoris) uflebamonacvle saer-Tod ar aris dainteresebuli ganaxldes saqmis ganxil-va. is mxolod cdilobs, rom gaWianurdes am saqmis sa-boloo gadawyveta. mowinaaRmdege mxare ki piriqiT _dainteresebulia am saqmis ganxilviTa da gadawyveti-lebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvliT. amitom, apelantis Tukasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxare TviTon atyobinebs sa-apelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlos, rom man ganaaxlosSeCerebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoeba, vinaidanukve gamovlinda uflebamonacvle.

_ Tu uflebamonacvled gvevlineba ramdenime pi-ri, maSin yoveli maTgani unda iqnen saqmeSi Cabmuli.

_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis Semdeg, sasamarTlomunda ganaaxlos saqme, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs ganCi-neba. man unda acnobos uflebamonacvles saqmis gan-xilvis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos im Sedegebze, rac SeiZle-ba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas.

_ SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxlebis Semdeg, saqmis gan-xilva Tavidan ar daiwyeba, aramed gagrZeldeba imetapidan, romel etapzec SeCerda misi warmoeba.

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_ gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba uf-lebamonacvleze, magram Tu uflebamonacvleoba war-moiSva am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisSemdeg _ aRsrulebis stadiaze, maSin es sakiTxi SeiZ-leba mogvardes gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis wesiT(ssk 262-e muxli).

_ uflebamonacvleobis dadgenamde saqmis warmoe-bis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZle-ba kerZo saCivris Setana (ssk 282-e muxli).

_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis gamo saqmis warmoe-bis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze kerZosaCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.

rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas ulebamonacv-liT mxaris Secvlaze an aseT Secvlaze uarisTqmisSesaxeb - masze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.


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T a v i XII

warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi

muxli 93. saqmis warmoebawarmomadgenlis meSveobiT

1. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoonsasamarTloSi piradad, xolo iuridiul pi-rebs an sxva organizaciebs _ im Tanamdebo-bis piris meSveobiT, romelsac wesdebiT andebulebiT SeuZlia am iuridiuli pirisaTu organizaciis saxeliT imoqmedos.2. mxareebs SeuZliaT agreTve saqme awar-

moon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveo-biT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSve-obiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTo-nac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi.

1. ssk 93-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebuliaprincipi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmeawarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad anu warmomadgenlisgareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqosaproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs warmo-madgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoebis savaldebu-lobas.

fizikuri piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, Tu mas arhyavs warmomadgeneli.

aseve, iuridiuli piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes,rodesac saqmes awarmoebs kanoniT an wesdebiT am iu-ridiuli piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiTaRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri. magaliTad, mewarmeTaSesaxeb kanonis 56.3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ̀ saaqcio sazo-gadoebas sasamarTloSi da sxva urTierTobebSi warmo-adgenen direqtorebi~. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTx-vevebSi iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirebi (kanoniT gaT-valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi sxva organizaciebic) sa-

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samarTloSi saqmes awarmoeben piradad warmomadgen-lis gareSe.

2. ssk 93-e muxlis meore nawiliT ganmtkicebuliaprincipi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmeawarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.

_ warmomadgeneli _ es aris piri, romelic marw-muneblis saxeliT da misi interesebis Sesabamisadasrulebs sasamarTloSi yvela im saproceso moqme-debas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da marw-muneblis mier gacemuli mindobilobiT.

_ warmomadgenloba daiSveba uklebliv yvela saq-meze, romelic sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba uwyebri-vad, agreTve, yvela saxis (sasarCelo, gamartivebuli,udavo) samarTalwarmoebis da administraciul-samar-Tlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis gan-xilvisas.

_ warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoeba SeuZ-liaT mxareebs _ mosarCeles, mopasuxes, mesame pirsdamoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve, mesame pirs da-moukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.

mxareebSi igulisxmeba ara marto fizikuri, aramediuridiuli pirebi da organizaciebi, romlebic Tumcaar arian iuridiuli pirebi, magram kanoniT gaTvalis-winebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT gamovidnen mxareebadprocesSi (ssk 79-e muxli).

aqedan gamomdinare, iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirimxolod maSin awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis meSve-obiT, rodesac am iuridiuli piris mindobilobiT saq-mis warmoeba mindobili aqvs advokats an sxva pirs (ma-galiTad, organizaciis TanamSromels), romelsac Se-uZlia ssk 94-e muxlis Tanaxmad awarmoos sxvisi saqmesasamarTloSi (ssk 94-e muxli).


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muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZlebaiyvnen warmomadgenlebadsasamarTloSi

sasamarTloSi mxareebis warmomadgenle-bad SeiZleba iyvnen:a) advokatebi;b) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos,

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis anmmarTvelobis organos, organizaciebisTanamSromlebi - am organoebisa da orga-nizaciebis saqmeebze;g) erT-erTi Tanamonawile danarCen Tana-

monawileTa davalebiT;d) sxva qmedunariani pirebi - mxolod

pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.

1. ssk 94-e muxli Seicavs im pirTa CamonaTvals, rom-lebic SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad sasamar-TloSi. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelaferi, rac warmomad-genlis uflebamosilebis moculobas gansazRvravs,mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlSi CamoTvlil nebismierwarmomadgenelze (ssk 98-e muxli).

_ advokatebad iwodebian pirebi, romlebic gawev-rianebuli arian advokatTa asociaciaSi, Seyvanili ari-an advokatTa erTian siaSi, dadebuli aqvT fici advo-katTa asociaciis aRmasrulebeli sabWos winaSe da mi-Rebuli aqvT saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis dama-dasturebeli mowmoba (`advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-los kanonis me-13 muxli).

_ organizaciebis warmomadgenlebad xSirad ga-modian am organizaciebis iuristebi, Tumca aseT war-momadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis nebis-mieri TanamSromeli. organizaciis warmomadgenlobi-Ti uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piris-gan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, direqtori anerT-erTi damfuZnebeli partniori da a. S. (ssk 93-e mux-

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li), organizaciis TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT mindobi-loba, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos am organizaci-is warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilipiris an organos mier (ssk 96-e muxli).

_ Tanamonawile SeiZleba iyos sxva TanamonawileTawarmomadgeneli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobsam sxva (danarCen) TanamonawileTa Tanxmoba amis Sesa-xeb (ssk 86-e muxli), rac gaformebuli da dadasture-bulia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli).

_ fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris warmomadgenladpirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovidesnebismieri qmedunariani piri. garda qmedunarianobi-sa, aq raime sxva moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar arises imas niSnavs, rom ar moiTxoveba umaRlesi iuridiu-li ganaTlebac ki, rac esoden aucilebelia marwmuneb-lis kanonieri interesebis warmatebulad dacvisaT-vis.

qmedunarianad iTvleba yoveli piri, romelic ka-noniT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebuli ar aris qmeduuna-rod sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyve-tilebiT (ssk 322 da 326-e muxlebi).

_ amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauS-vas piri warmomadgenlad, Tu miiCnevs, rom mas argaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom daicvasmxaris uflebebi (ssk 97-e muxli). aseT `sakmaris mo-nacemebSi,~ sxvadasxva garemoebebTan erTad, igulis-xmeba, agreTve, warmomadgenlad arCeuli piris fsi-qikuri mdgomareoba, romelic marTalia ar aris aRia-rebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSka-raa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas daar Seswevs unari gaiTvaliswinos am moqmedebis SesaZ-lo Sedegebi.


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muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic arSeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebadsasamarTloSi

sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlebad ar Se-iZleba iyvnen mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli daprokurori, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesacisini procesSi gamodian mSoblebad (mSvi-leblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad anSesabamisi organos warmomadgenlebad.

_ es muxli Seicavs im pirTa amomwurav CamonaTvals,romlebic ar SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebadsasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenlisa damosamarTlis, warmomadgenlisa da prokuroris, agreT-ve, warmomadgenlisa da gamomZieblis funqciebis Se-Tavseba ar SeiZleba.

_ es muxli aseve amomwuravad gansazRvravs iseT Sem-Txvevebs, rodesac masSi CamoTvlili pirebi SeiZleba,rogorc gamonaklisi, gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad.kerZod, mosamarTle SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi sasa-marTlos warmomadgenlad, roca es sasamarTlo pro-cesSi gamodis mxared, prokurori an gamomZiebeli Se-iZleba gamovides Tavisi prokuraturis an momkvleviorganos warmomadgenlad, roca es prokuratura anmomkvlevi organo procesSi gamodis mxared.

_ kanonier warmomadgenlebad, e. i. mSoblebad (mSvi-leblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad, aRniSnuli pi-rebi SeiZleba gamovidnen nebismier SemTxvevaSi.

_ mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis warmo-madgenlad ardaSvebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.

muxli 96. warmomadgenlisuflebamosilebis gaformeba

1. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda

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Camoyalibdes kanonis Sesabamisad gacemulda gaformebul mindobilobaSi. moqalaqe-Ta mier gacemuli mindobilobebi unda da-mowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaci-is mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marw-munebeli, stacionaruli samkurnalo da-wesebulebis administraciis mier, sadac mo-qalaqe samkurnalod imyofeba, Sesabamisisamxedro nawilis mier, Tu mindobilobassamxedro mosamsaxure gascems. sapatimroSimyofi piris mier gacemul mindobilobasdaamowmebs Sesabamisi sapatimro adgilisadministracia.2. mindobilobas organizaciis saxeliT

gascems Sesabamisi organizaciis xelmZRva-neli an sxva uflebamosili piri.3. advokatis uflebamosileba dastur-

deba „advokatTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kano-niT dadgenili wesiT.

ssk 96-e muxli kategoriulad moiTxovs warmomad-genlis uflebamosilebis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ga-formebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu warmomadgenlis uf-lebamosileba ar aris gaformebuli am wesis dacviT,sasamarTlo ar dauSvebs mas warmomadgenlad.

1. ssk 96-e muxlis pirveli nawili amomwuravad gan-sazRvravs, Tu romel organos da ra pirobebis arsebo-bisas SeuZlia daamowmos mindobiloba sasamarTloSisaqmis warmoebaze. cxadia, es ar arTmevs mxares ufle-bas sanotaro wesiT daamowmos mindobiloba nebismierpirobebsa da SemTxvevaSi.

mindobiloba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebaze SeuZ-lia gasces rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro iuridiul pirsada organizacias. mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli unda iyosim piris Tanamdeboba, saxeli da gvari, romelmac daa-mowma mindobiloba, agreTve, misi xelmowera da min-


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dobilobaze dasmuli unda iyos Sesabamisi organiza-ciis beWedi.

2. mxareebad procesSi SeiZleba gamovidnen rogorcfizikuri, ise iuridiuli pirebi (organizaciebi). ssk96-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi SemT-xvevebi, rodesac mxared gvevlineba organizacia daigi mindobilobas gascems swored am organizaciis sa-xeliT da misi saqmis sawarmoeblad sasamarTloSi.

_ mindobilobis gareSe sasamarTloSi SeiZleba ga-movides organizaciis Tanamdebobis piri, romelic ka-noniT Tu wesdebiT aRWurvilia warmomadgenlobiTiuflebamosilebiT. magaliTad, ̀ mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ ka-nonis 56.3 muxlis Tanaxmad, saaqcio sazogadoebas sa-samarTloSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi. es imas niS-navs, rom, Tu mxared sasamarTloSi gvevlineba saaq-cio sazogadoeba, maSin mis direqtors ar sWirdeba spe-cialuri mindobiloba. sakmarisia man sasamarTlos wa-rudginos misi direqtorobis damadasturebeli doku-menti. Tu iuridiul pirs hyavs ara erTi, aramed ram-denime direqtori an xelmZRvaneli, romlebic aRWur-vili arian erTnairi da Tanabari warmomadgenlobiTiuflebamosilebiT da maT Soris ar aris gamijnuli uf-lebamosilebebi, maSin isini valdebulni arian gascenspecialuri uflebamosileba erT-erT maTganze, TusurT, rom warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba amerT-erTma maTganma ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi.

_ Tu iuridiuli piris wesdebis Tanaxmad, warmomad-genlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilia erT-erTixelmZRvaneli piri (erT-erTi partniori, erT-erTi di-reqtori, roca ramdenime direqtoria), sasamarTlosunda waredginos dokumenti, romelic adasturebs ampiris uflebamosilebas sasamarTloSi warmomadgen-lobaze. aseT dokumentad SeiZleba gamodges wesdebi-dan amonaweri.

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT kanoniT an wes-debiT warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWur-

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vili pirisa da iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) Tanam-Sromlis warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi.

iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) uflebebis dasaca-vad sasamarTloSi xSirad gamodian am organizacie-bis iuristebi da sxva TanamSromlebi. maT unda wa-rudginon sasamarTlos mindobiloba am organizaciissaxeliT, romelsac gascems warmomadgenlobiTi ufle-bamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri, xolo misiararsebobisas _ kolegiuri organo, romelic aseTi uf-lebamosilebiTaa aRWurvili kanoniT an wesdebiT.

3. rac Seexeba advokatis, e. i. im piris uflebamosi-lebas, romelsac ̀ advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-noni uwodebs advokats, igi SeiZleba gaformdes im we-siT, romelsac iTvaliswinebs es kanoni. aRniSnuli ka-nonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, advokatma sasamarTlosunda warudginos saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis da-madasturebeli mowmoba, agreTve, klientis mier mas-ze gacemuli dokumenti _ mindobiloba an orderi.

_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra Semdegi sakiTxi:SeuZlia Tu ara mxares sasamarTlos winaSe Tavisi ze-piri gancxadebiTa da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi misiSetaniT daadasturos warmomadgenlis uflebamosi-leba?

am kiTxvaze uaryofiTad unda vupasuxoT. saqarT-velos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba yvelaSemTxvevaSi moiTxovs saTanadod gaformebul mindo-bilobas.

_ sasamarTlom yovelTvis yuradRebiT unda Seamow-mos, ramdenad sworad da kanonis moTxovnaTa dacvi-Taa Sedgenili da gaformebuli mindobiloba. araswo-rad Sedgenili mindobiloba SeiZleba gaxdes calke-ul saproceso moqmedebaTa da gadawyvetilebaTa ga-uqmebis safuZveli.


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muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piriswarmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelicar aris advokati

1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas impiris procesSi warmomadgenlad daSveba-ze, romelic ar aris advokati, Tu miiC-nevs, rom am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia sakma-risi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom warmoadgi-nos mxare da daicvas misi uflebebi.2. is moqmedebebi, romlebic saproceso

warmomadgenelma gadayenebamde awarmova,ZalaSi rCeba.3. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze im piris war-

momadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesax-eb, romelic ar aris advokati, SeiZlebakerZo saCivris Setana.

1. am muxliT dadgenili wesi emsaxureba mxaris uf-lebis realurad dacvis interesebs: Tu sasamarTlo-saTvis aSkaraa, rom mxaris mier warmomadgenlad Ser-Ceuli piri ver daicavs mis uflebebs, mas SeuZlia ua-ri Tqvas am piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze.

aseTi uaris Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,rom warmomadgenels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi codna da ga-mocdileba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisaTvis, an ki-dev imiT, rom igi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZv-lebiT, gamoyvanilia advokatTa erTiani siidan mis mi-marT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis gamo, an imisgamo, rom igi ar akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs,rac gaTvaliswinebulia `advokatTa Sesaxeb~ kanonisme-10 da me-14 muxlebiT.

ssk 97-e muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi hyavsmxolod iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar arian advokatebi,radgan igulisxmeba, rom advokatebs gaaCniaT sakma-risi monacemebi awarmoon saqme sasamarTloSi da da-icvan mxaris uflebebi.

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2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmomadgenlis arako-mpetenturoba gairkva mas Semdeg, roca man ukve Seas-rula garkveuli saproceso moqmedebebi, es Sesrule-buli moqmedebebi ZalaSi rCeba am warmomadgenlis daS-vebaze uarisTqmis Semdegac.

3. aseTi ganCineba sasamarTlom SeiZleba miiRos ma-Sinve, rogorc ki mas waredgineba piris warmomadgen-lobiTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli dokumen-ti, agreTve saqmis warmoebis nebismier stadiaze. aR-niSnuli ganCineba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Set-yobinebis gareSe, xolo Tu aseTi ganCineba miRebuliasasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin igi unda aisaxos sxdomisoqmSi.

aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxares, visiuflebamosilebiTac gamodioda gadayenebuli warmo-madgeneli, agreTve, TviT gadayenebul warmomadge-nelsac.

amave ganCinebiT mxares unda ganemartos, rom masSeuZlia TviTon awarmoos saqme, an miandos saqmis war-moeba sxva warmomadgenels, risTvisac sasamarTlouniSnavs mas vadas da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi ariqneba mis mier SerCeuli warmomadgeneli, sasamarT-lo gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas.17

piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesa-xeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZle-ba kerZo saCivris Setana

muxli 98. warmomadgenlisuflebamosileba

1. uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi saqmiswarmoebis Sesaxeb uflebas aZlevs warmo-madgenels marwmuneblis saxeliT Seasru-los yvela saproceso moqmedeba, garda

17 ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 16Tebervlis gadawyvetileba.


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sarCelis aRZvrisa, arbitraJisaTvis saqmisgadacemisa, sasarCelo moTxovnaze mTli-anad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmisa, sarCeliscnobisa, sarCelis sagnis Secvlisa, morige-bisa, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-bisa, saaRsrulebo furclis gadasaxdevine-blad wardgenisa, mikuTvnebuli qonebis anfulis miRebisa, warmomadgenlis uflebam-osileba am muxlSi aRniSnuli TiToeulimoqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis specialuradunda iqnes aRniSnuli marwmuneblis miergacemul mindobilobaSi.2. mxaris mier uflebamosil pirs SeuZ-

lia calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Ses-ruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis Tana-Semwes.

1. ssk 98-e muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTaamomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesrulebis ufle-bac ara aqvs warmomadgenels specialuri mindobilo-bis gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels mindo-bilobaSi specialuri miTiTebis gareSe SeuZlia Seas-rulos yvela sxva saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Ses-ruleba SeuZlia TviTon marwmunebels (ssk 83-e mux-lis pirveli nawili).

maSasadame, warmomadgenloba avtomaturad, e. i.specialuri miTiTebis gareSe, aniWebs uflebas war-momadgenels Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba,garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili moqmede-bebisa, romelebic ukavSirdeba marwmuneblis mier mi-si materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvas(dispoziciurobis principi) da amitom, maT Sesaxebspecialurad unda iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, Tu warmomadgenelma specialu-ri mindobilobis gareSe Seasrula iseTi saprocesomoqmedeba, romelic amgvar mindobilobas moiTxovs,aseTi moqmedeba araviTar samarlebriv Sedegs ar war-

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moSobs. magaliTad, Tu warmomadgenelma cno sarCeli,an uari Tqva masze, an kidev Tu saqme daamTavra mori-gebiT da a. S. misi aseTi moqmedeba ar warmoSobs raimeSedegs, xolo Tu sasamarTlom mas aseTi Sedegi dau-kavSira, aseTi sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba (ganCineba)usaTuod unda gauqmdes dainteresebuli piris moT-xovniT. praqtikaSi zogjer gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rode-sac warmomadgeneli saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT asa-Civrebs gadawyvetilebas, Tumca mindobilobaSi ar arismiTiTebuli misi aseTi uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb.

aseTi saCivari, rogorc dauSvebeli, ganuxilveladunda datovos Sesabamisma sasamarTlom, Tu warmomad-genels ar mieca vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. aRsaniSna-via isic, rom aseTi arauflebamosili piris mier saCiv-ris Setana avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs gasaCivrebis va-dis denas.

nebismieri instanciis sasamarTlom zedmiwevniT yu-radRebiT unda Seamowmos warmomadgenlis uflebamo-silebis farglebi.

2. ssk 98-e muxlis meore nawili uflebas aniWebs war-momadgenels calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-leba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes.

am uflebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, warmomadge-nelma aucileblad unda misces mindobiloba sxvaadvokats im saproceso moqmedebaze miTiTebiT, ro-melic man unda Seasrulos. aseTi mindobiloba iqne-ba safuZveli sasamarTlosaTvis, raTa dauSvas igi aR-niSnuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad.

ssk 98-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia calkeul sap-roceso moqmedebaze da ara saqmis warmoebaze mTlia-nad. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels SeuZlia mian-dos sxva advokats calkeuli saproceso moqmedebisSesruleba gonivrul farglebSi da saamisod Sesabami-si safuZvlis (magaliTad, avadmyofoba, mivlineba, sxvasaqmeze gadaudebeli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-ba da a. S.) arsebobisas.

advokatis TanaSemweze calkeuli saproceso moq-


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medebis Sesrulebis gadandoba dasaSvebia mxolod impirobiT, Tu realurad iqneba SemoRebuli aseTi Ta-namdeboba.

muxli 99. warmomadgenlisuflebamosilebis Sewyvetamarwmuneblis mier

marwmunebels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmo-ebis yvela stadiaze gaauqmos Tavis miergacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos war-momadgenlis uflebamosileba, ris Sesaxe-bac igi werilobiT acnobebs sasamarTlosada warmomadgenels. mxaris winadadebiT war-momadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta arwarmoadgens saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tusaqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZvels. uf-lebamosilebaSewyvetili warmomadgenlis mi-er kanonis Sesabamisad Sesrulebuli yve-la saproceso moqmedeba inarCunebs mniSv-nelobas.

1. marwmunebels SeuZlia motivirebis gareSe gaa-uqmos mis mier gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitoswarmomadgenlis uflebamosileba. marwmunebels aseTSemTxvevaSi evaleba erTaderTi ram _ werilobiT ac-nobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos da warmomadgenels.im momentidan, roca sasamarTlos werilobiT ecnobawarmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb,sasamarTlo aRar dauSvebs mas saproceso moqmedeba-Ta Sesasruleblad. Tu aseTi gancxadeba mxarem gaake-Ta saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSines gancxadeba Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi, razec xeli un-da moaweros ganmcxadebelma.

amrigad, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba Sewyve-tilad iTvleba, roca mxare werilobiT mimarTavs

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sasamarTlos, an roca aseTi gancxadeba gakeTdebasasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze.

_ aRniSnul uflebas mxare ver gamoiyenebs saqmisganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. swored am mosazre-biT xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac miuTi-Tebs, rom mxaris iniciativiT warmomadgenlis ufle-bamosilebis Sewyveta ver gaxdeba saqmis warmoebis Se-Cerebisa Tu saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli,e. i. saqmis warmoeba da misi ganxilva unda gagrZeldesda sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos mxaris Suamd-gomloba SeCerebisa Tu gadadebis Sesaxeb (Tu aRiZv-reba aseTi Suamdgomloba ). Tu mxares surs aiyvanossxva warmomadgeneli, man droulad da yovelgvari ga-Wianurebis gareSe unda gaakeTos es.

_ marwmuneblis mier warmomadgenlis uflebamosi-lebis Sewyveta (iseve rogorc saqmis warmoeba warmo-madgenlis meSveobiT) aris mxaris sruli ufleba da sa-samarTlom yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos misi gan-cxadeba amis Taobaze. warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufle-ba gaaprotestos marwmuneblis aseTi moqmedeba.

muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uariTavis uflebamosilebaze

warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs saqmis war-moebis yvela stadiaze uari Tqvas Tavisuflebamosilebaze, ris Sesaxebac drou-lad unda acnobos rogorc sasamarTlos,ise mis marwmunebels, raTa am ukanasknelmaSeZlos TviTon miiRos monawileoba pro-cesSi da aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli.amis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo daniS-navs dros, roca warmomadgenels uflebaaqvs Sewyvitos procesSi monawileoba.

warmomadgenels iseve rogorc marwmunebels, uf-leba aqvs calmxrivad da motivirebis gareSe mimar-


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Tos sasamarTlos da marwmunebels werilobiTi ganc-xadebiT Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.aseTi uari mas SeuZlia ganacxados sasamarTlos sxdo-mazec, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi.

_ Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gan-cxadebis Setana, an sasamarTlos mosamzadebel TumTavar sxdomaze aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba jer ki-dev ar niSnavs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sew-yvetas. marTalia, aseTi gancxadeba yovelTvis unda da-akmayofilos sasamarTlom, radgan ar SeiZleba vaiZu-loT piri gaswios warmomadgenloba, magram dros, ro-ca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSimonawileoba,niSnavs sasamarTlo. dros sasamrTloniSnavs im varaudiT, rom marwmunebelma TviTon mi-iRos monawileoba procesSi an aiyvanos axali war-momadgeneli.

iseTi SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, roca marwmune-beli uars ambobs warmomadgenelze, rac ver gaxdebasaqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, Tu warmomad-genlis mier uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmas adgiliaqvs sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, SeiZleba saWirogaxdes aRniSnuli sxdomis gadadeba im droiT, rac sa-Wiro iqneba axali warmomadgenlis asayvanad, Tu amisSesaxeb survils gamoTqvams marwmunebeli da Tu amdrois manZilze igi ar aiyvans axal warmomadgenels,sasamarTlos SeuZlia CaTvalos, rom marwmunebeli(mxare) TviTon, piradad awarmoebs saqmes warmomad-genlis gareSe da ganixilos saqme saerTo wesiT.

muxli 101. kanonieriwarmomadgenlebi

1. qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve Sez-Ruduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqisuflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebssasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvi-leblebi, meurveebi da mzrunvelebi, rom-

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lebic warudgenen sasamarTlos TavianTiuflebamosilebis damadasturebel doku-mentebs.2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi warmosad-

gen pirTa saxeliT asruleben yvela sap-roceso moqmedebas, romelTa Sesrulebisuflebac mikuTvnebuli aqvT warmomdgenTkanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebiT.3. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileob-

des kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ugzoukvloddakargulad cnobili moqalaqe, mis warmo-madgenlad monawileobs piri, romelsac ga-daeca samarTavad ugzoukvlod dakargulipiris qoneba.4. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileob-

des gardacvlilis an kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT gardacvlilad cnobili piris memk-vidre, Tu memkvidreoba aravis miuRia, mem-kvidris warmomadgenlad gamodis samkvid-ro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniS-nuli piri.5. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxve-

vebSi kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaTsasamarTloSi saqmis warmoeba miandon ad-vokats, rac ar arTmevs uflebas kanonierwarmomadgenels TviTonac miiRos monawi-leoba saqmeSi.

yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia sap-roceso uflebaunarianobiT, e. i. unariT hqondes sap-roceso uflebebi da movaleobebi. magram yvela pirsar gaaCnia unari, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sa-samarTloSi Tavisi uflebebi, maT Soris, daavalos saq-mis warmoeba warmomadgenels, e. i. yvela pirs ar gaaC-nia saproceso qmedunarianoba.

imis Taobaze, Tu vis SeuZlia gamovides sasamarT-loSi aseTi pirebis warmomadgenlebad, izruna TviTon


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kanonmdebelma. swored amitom ewodeba aseT warmo-madgenlebs kanonieri, kanonismieri warmomadgenlebi.

1. romeli pirebi ganekuTvnebian qmeduunaro, ag-reTve, SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone pirebs? amkiTxvaze pasuxs Seicavs ssk 81-e muxli (ix. am muxliskomentari).

kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uflebamosilebis spe-cialuri gaformeba ar aris saWiro. maT sasamarTlosunda warudginon imis damadasturebeli dokumenti,rom isini arian kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, kerZod,pasporti, romelSic aris Sesabamisi Canaweri SvilebisSesaxeb, mcirewlovanis Tu arasrulwlovanis dabade-bis mowmoba, Svilad ayvanis mowmoba, meurveobis Tumzrunvelobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. araregistri-rebul qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis kanonieri war-momadgeneli iqneba bavSvis deda, Tu mamoba araa dad-genili, magram Tu mamoba dadgenilia, maSin kanonierwarmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides erT-erTi mSobe-li.

2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi sargebloben farTosaproceso uflebebiT. kanonieri warmomadgenloba,avtomaturad, specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe,aniWebs maT uflebas cnon sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCel-ze, daamTavron saqme morigebiT, gaasaCivron sasamar-Tlo gadawyvetileba, moiTxovon gadawyvetilebisiZulebiTi aRsruleba da a. S.

amasTan erTad, kanoni Seicavs SezRudvebsac. maga-liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1294-e muxlis Tanaxmad,meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos winaswari Tan-xmobis gareSe meurves ufleba ara aqvs sameurveo pi-ris saxeliT dados garigeba, xolo mzrunvels _ samz-runvelo piris saxeliT daTanxmdes garigebis dadeba-ze, romelic Seexeba qonebis gasxvisebas, dagiravebas,Txovebas, sameurveo an samzrunvelo piris kuTvniluflebebze uaris Tqmas da a. S.

am mxriv, mTel rig SezRudvebs Seicavs samoqalaqokodeqsis 1296-e da 1297-e muxlebi.

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aq miTiTebuli muxlebis analizidan SeiZleba gava-keToT daskvna, rom sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos me-urvisa da mzrunvelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, sar-Celis cnoba an saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, Tu amisSesaxeb ar arsebobs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis or-ganoebis winaswari Tanxmoba, gamoxatuli werilobiTiformiT.

kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebisfarglebs gareT, rac qmeduunaro da SezRudulqme-dunariani pirebis interesebis dacvisTvisaa gaTva-liswinebuli, kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT Se-asrulon yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesru-lebis ufleba aqvT maT warmomdgenT.

3. ssk 101-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gansazRv-rulia, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT warmomadgenle-bad monawileobdnen procesSi pirebi, romlebsac sa-marTavad gadaecaT ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli pirebisqoneba (ssk 320-e muxlis pirveli nawili), agreTve, sam-kvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli pi-rebi.

4. marTalia, ssk 101-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT,kanonier warmomadgenels SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba sa-samarTloSi miandos advokats, magram am muxliT dad-genili wesi unda gavigoT ufro farTod da aRvniSnoT,rom mas SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba, garda advokatisa, mi-andos nebismier pirs, romelic SeiZleba gamovidesprocesSi warmomadgenlad (ssk 94-e muxli).

_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs,rodesac sarCeli aRiZvris qmeduunaro piris winaaRm-deg an qmeduunaro piris mier, romelsac ara hyavs ka-nonieri warmomadgeneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-los TviTon SeuZlia daniSnos droebiTi saprocesowarmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).


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kari mesame

sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi

T a v i XIII

mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba

muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi.mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba

1. TiToeulma mxarem unda daamtkicosgaremoebani, romlebzedac igi amyarebs TavismoTxovnebsa da Sesagebels.2. am garemoebaTa damtkiceba SeiZleba

TviT mxareTa (mesame pirTa) axsna-ganmar-tebiT, mowmeTa CvenebiT, werilobiTi TunivTieri mtkicebulebebiTa da eqspertTadaskvnebiT.3. saqmis garemoebebi, romlebic kanonis

Tanaxmad unda dadasturdes garkveuli sa-xis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadas-turdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT.

1. ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs, Turomeli garemoebebi unda damtkicdes samoqalaqosaqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis mizniT (mtkicebis sa-gani) da vin, e. i. romelma mxarem unda daamtkicos esgaremoebebi (mtkicebis tvirTi).

_ mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvrisaTvis gadamwyvetimniSvneloba aqvs sarCels da mopasuxis Sesagebels:mtkicebis sagans Seadgenen faqtebi, romlebzec mo-sarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT sasarCelo moT-xovnebsa da sarCelis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Sesage-bels. kidev ufro mkafiod es pozicia gamokveTilia

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ssk me-4 muxlis pirvel nawilSi romlis Tanaxmad, mxa-reebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi un-da daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtki-cebulebebiT unda dadasturdes es faqtebi (ix. am mux-lis komentari).

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxareebma TavianTi moT-xovnebisa Tu Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miuTiToniseT faqtebsa da garemoebebze, romlebsac sinamdvi-leSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT maTi dasabu-TebisaTvis. magaliTad, mosarCele, romelic moiTxovsmopasuxisagan sesxis saxiT gacemuli Tanxis ukan dab-runebas, am moTxovnas asabuTebs aramarto imiT, romman sesxis saxiT namdvilad gadasca garkveuli Tanxamopasuxes, romlis dabrunebis vada ukve dadga, ara-med imiTac, rom am sesxis dabrunebas misTvis aqvs gan-sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, radgan aRmoCnda mZime eko-nomikur mdgomareobaSi, ris dasadasturebladac igiSuamdgomlobs sasamrTlos winaSe dakiTxon mowmeebi.valdebulebis Sesruleba ar aris damokidebuli kre-ditoris ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. valdebuleba un-da Sesruldes, Tu igi namdvilad arsebobs, miuxeda-vad kreditoris ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa. amitom,aseTi faqtis damtkicebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba.

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna: sa-samarTlom konkretul saqmeze mtkicebis sagnis gan-sazRvris dros unda ixelmZRvanelos mxareTa miersarCelisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miTiTebu-li faqtebiT, magram Tu am faqtebs Soris aris iseTifaqtebi, romlebsac kanonis Tanaxmad ara aqvT raimemniSvneloba am moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis dasabuTe-bisaTvis, e. i. iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxov-nebs, sasamarTlom ar unda Seitanos aseTi faqtebimtkicebis saganSi da ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebimaT dasadastureblad.

_ ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs mxareTaSoris mtkicebis tvirTis (movaleobis) ganawilebiszogad wess: mosarCelem unda daamtkicos garemoebe-


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bi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas, xolo mo-pasuxem _ garemoebebi, romlebzec igi amyarebs TavisSesagebels.

amrigad, mtkicebis tvirTi erTnairad ekisreba mxa-reebs da es tvirTi Tanabrad nawildeba maT Soris.xSirad, miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelma mxarem ro-meli faqtebi unda daamtkicos, gansazRvravs materi-alur-samarTlebrivi normebi.

magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlis pir-veli nawilis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflo-beli aris misi mesakuTre. Tu aramflobelma mesakuT-rem aRZra vindikaciuri sarCeli mflobelis mimarTnivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda daamtkicos,rom igi aris sadavo nivTis mesakuTre, e. i. am faqtismtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mosarCeles, radgan mopa-suxe ivaraudeba mesakuTred. magram, Tu mosarCelemdaamtkica Tavisi sakuTreba sadavo nivTze, maSin mo-pasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom igi flobs sadavo nivTskanonis safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT gaT-valiswinebuli prezumfciis (varaudis) saprocesomniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba mxareTa Soris mtki-cebis tvirTis ganawilebiT. mtkicebis tvirTis mxare-Ta Soris ganawileba materialuri samarTlis sxvadas-xva institutebidan gamomdinare sarCelebSi, pirda-pir an arapirdapir regulirdeba kanoniT, rac saSua-lebas miscems sasamarTlos zustad gansazRvros, Turomeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba sarCelis safuZvelSiSemaval faqtebs, romlebic mosarCelem unda daamt-kicos da romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba Sesageblis sa-fuZvels, romlebic mopasuxem unda daamtkicos.

magaliTad, mosarCele mopasuxisagan moiTxovs gar-kveuli Tanxis dakisrebas im safuZvliT, rom man ses-xad gadasca mas es Tanxa da dadga misi dabrunebis dro,magram mopasuxe ar abrunebs Tanxas. mosarCelem undadaamtkicos sesxis micemis faqti, sesxis dabrunebisvadis dadgomis faqti, magram igi ar aris valdebuli,daadasturos mtkicebulebebiT (daamtkicos), rom mo-

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pasuxes ar daubrunebia vali. valis dabrunebis faqti,Tu mopasuxe am faqtze amyarebs Tavis Sesagebels, un-da daadasturos mopasuxem. mas ekisreba am faqtis, ansxva iseTi faqtebis dadasturebis tvirTi, romleb-sac SeuZliaT gaaqarwylon mosarCelis moTxovnis sa-fuZvlianoba. es imas niSnavs, rom faqtebis miTiTebistvirTi da am faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZlebaar daemTxves erTmaneTs.

2. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili amomwuravad gansaz-Rvravs mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) wres.saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqonefaqtebis dasadastureblad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iq-nes aq miTiTebuli mtkicebis nebismieri saSualeba,garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli gamonakli-si SemTxvevebisa.

3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawili amkvidrebs mtkice-bulebaTa dasaSvebobis princips, romlis Tanaxmad, ka-noniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, ama Tu im faqtis da-sadastureblad daiSveba ara nebismieri mtkicebule-ba, romelic miTiTebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawil-Si, aramed mxolod zogierTi maTgani. magaliTad, sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e muxlis Tanaxmad, uZravi niv-Tis SesaZenad aucilebelia sanotaro wesiT damowme-buli sabuTi da SemZenis registracia sajaro reest-rSi. aqedan gamomdinare, uZravi nivTis SeZenis faqtisdadasturebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes mxo-lod werilobiTi mtkicebuleba. amave kodeqsis 593-emuxlis Tanaxmad, miwis ijaris xelSekruleba unda da-idos werilobiTi formiT. Tu es forma ar aris dacu-li, maSin ivaraudeba, rom xelSekruleba dadebuliaganusazRvreli vadiT. aqedan gamomdinare, mxarem, ro-melic miuTiTebs, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia gar-kveuli vadiT, sasamarTlos unda warudginos werilo-biTi xelSekruleba. sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT amfaqtis dadastureba dauSvebelia.


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muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTaSegroveba

1. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warud-genen mxareebi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Ses-Tavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebi-Ti mtkicebulebebi.2. Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver

SeZles mtkicebulebebis uSualod miRebada sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa Suamd-gomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon ga-moiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, visTanac undaiyos isini.3. kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkice-

bulebebs iuridiuli Zala ara aqvT.

1. faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisre-baT mxareebs. am tvirTisagan gasaTavisufleblad mxa-reebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon mtkicebulebe-bi, romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli iqneba faqtisdadastureba da romlebsac sasamarTlo utyuarad dasarwmunod miiCnevs.

ssk 103-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs metad mniS-vnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlosSeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebi-Ti mtkicebulebebi, ra Tqma unda, Tu maT aseTi mtki-cebulebebi gaaCniaT. sasamarTlos mxridan aseTi Se-Tavazeba unda emsaxurebodes simarTlis garkvevas daar unda keTdebodes romelime mxarisaTvis daxmare-bis aRmoCenis mizniT (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawi-li).

2. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom TviTon gamoiTxovosmtkicebuleba, aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdrouladarseboba: a) mxareebma TviTon ver SeZles mtkicebu-lebis miReba ama Tu im pirisagan, sul erTia, fizikuripiri iqneba is Tu iuridiuli. magaliTad, miuxedavadaraerTgzis mcdelobisa, mxarem ver miiRo werilobi-

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Ti masalebi ama Tu im saministrodan; b) mxareebma mi-marTes sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom man gamoi-yenos Tavisi avtoriteti da TviTon gamoiTxovos esmtkicebulebebi.

cxadia, rom mxare, romelic aseTi SuamdgomlobiTmimarTavs sasamarTlos, valdebulia miuTiTos, Tukonkretulad romeli faqtis dadasturebisaTvissWirdeba mas es mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxli).

3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili mtki-cebulebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli da mtkice-bis damoukidebeli saSualebebia. kanoni zustad daamomwuravad gansazRvravs maTi miRebis, Segrovebi-sa da Semowmebis wesebs. sasamarTlo valdebulia zus-tad daicvas es wesebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mtki-cebulebas ar SeiZleba raime mniSvneloba mieniWos _igi ver iqneba gamoyenebuli rogorc mtkicebuleba.

magaliTad, mowme unda gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos saq-mis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (ssk 145-e muxli), mag-ram Tu mowme dakiTxa TviTon dainteresebulma mxa-rem an misma warmomadgenelma da dakiTxvis masalebiwarudgines sasamarTlos, es iqneba kanonis darRve-viT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, romelic ar unda mi-iRos da Seafasos sasamarTlom.

muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTamiuRebloba

1. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs, ar gamoiTxovsan saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs, rom-lebsac saqmisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvT.2. mtkicebulebaTa miuReblobis, gamoT-

xovaze uaris Tqmis an saqmidan maTi amo-Rebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs moti-virebuli ganCineba, romelic calke ar ga-saCivrdeba. magram SeiZleba gasaCivrdesgadawyvetilebasTan erTad.


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1. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT saqme-ebs, romlebic gadatvirTulia iseTi masalebiT, rom-lebsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis araviTari mniSvne-loba ara aqvT. es drois unayofod xarjvaa da sakmaodarTulebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa dasabuTebu-lobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas zemdgomi sasamarT-lo instanciebis mier.

sasamarTlom unda miiRos mxolod iseTi mtkicebu-leba, romelic saqmes exeba da romelsac SeuZlia daa-dasturos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba.

_ mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis kon-kretuli gamovlinebaa wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, werilo-biTi sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZ-vreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoe-bis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT (ssk 134-e mux-lis me-3 nawili). igive wesia Camoyalibebuli sxva saxismtkicebulebaTa mimarT (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mtkicebule-baTa gankuTvnadoba da mtkicebulebaTa utyaroba(sarwmunooba). mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba uz-runvelyofs saWiro da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-ne mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas, zedmeti da gamousa-degari mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze da Semowmebazedrois fuWad xarjvis Tavidan acilebas. gankuTvnadiamxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic mimarTuliasaqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebisdadasturebisaken. sxva sakiTxia, rom gankuTvnadi dasworad miRebuli mtkicebuleba SemdgomSi Semowmebi-sa da Sefasebis Sedegad ar aRmoCnda utyuari da sarw-muno. aseT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo ver daeyrd-noba ara imitom, rom isini ar aris gankuTvnadi, aramedimitom, rom isini ar aris sarwmuno da utyuari.

_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmidan amoiRos SecdomiTmiRebuli aragankuTvnadi mtkicebuleba, magram is veramoiRebs saqmidan iseT mtkicebulebas, romelic gan-kuTvnadia, magram ar aris sarwmuno.

2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi mtkicebulebis miReba-

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ze an gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an kidev, SecdomiT mi-Rebuli mtkicebulebis saqmidan amoRebis Sesaxeb, mi-TiTebuli unda iyos faqtze (faqtebze), romlis dasa-dasturebladac es mtkicebulebaa wardgenili da ro-melsac am saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis aranairimniSvneloba ara aqvs. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ar mii-Ro an saqmidan amoiRo mravalricxovani cnobebi, re-komendaciebi da daxasiaTebebi, romlebic marTaliadadebiTad axasiaTeben mxaris pirovnebas, magram ara-viTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT im sakiTxis gadasawyve-tad, unda daekisros Tu ara am mxares valis gadaxda,zianis anazRaureba da a. S. mowinaaRmdege mxaris sa-sargeblod.

muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba

1. sasamarTlosaTvis araviTar mtkicebu-lebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala.2. sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebulebebs

Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic unda em-yarebodes sasamarTlo sxdomaze maT yo-velmxriv, srul da obieqtur ganxilvas,ris Sedegadac mas gamoaqvs daskvna saqmi-saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis ar-sebobis an ararsebobis Sesaxeb.3. mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad

udevs sasamarTlos Sinagan rwmenas, undaaisaxos gadawyvetilebaSi.

1. mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) saxee-bi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenos sasamarTlom saqmi-saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad,amomwuravadaa gansazRvruli kanoniT (ssk 102-e mux-lis me-2 nawili). arcerT mtkicebulebas ar gaaCnia ra-ime upiratesoba sxva mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT. ar-cerT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs, agreTve, winaswar dad-genili Zala sasamarTlosaTvis. erTmaneTisagan unda


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ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba da maTi wi-naswar dadgenili Zala. dasaSveboba niSnavs mxolodimas, rom ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSvebaara yvela, aramed mxolod zogierTi mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxlis pirveli nawili). winaswar dadgenili Za-la ki niSnavs imas, rom ama Tu im mtkicebulebis mniSv-neloba winaswaraa gansazRvruli da misi Zala da mniS-vneloba sasamarTlos Sefasebaze ar aris damokidebu-li. cxadia, aseTi ram dauSvebelia, radgan igi mTlia-nad SeuTavsebelia mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali Se-fasebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principTan. aqe-dan gamomdinare, dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba SeiZlebauaryos sasamarTlom, rogorc arasarwmuno.

2. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo afasebs Tavisi Sina-gani rwmeniT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom saqmeSimonawile pirebs ar SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mo-sazrebebi maT Sesaxeb. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinare-obs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze da aqedan gamomdina-re, mxareebs ufleba aqvT uaryon an gaaqarwylon meo-re mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebiTu mtkicebulebebi (ssk me-4 muxli). saqmeSi arsebulimtkicebulebebis sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis,maTi utyuarobisa Tu siyalbis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi Se-iZleba gamoTqvan aramarto mxareebma, aramed mesamepirebmac damoukidebeli moTxovniT an aseTi moTxov-nis gareSe, agreTve, warmomadgenlebma, specialisteb-ma da eqspertebma, Tu isini monawileoben procesSi.

saqmeSi monawile pirTa mosazrebebi, mniSvnelova-nia sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic sabolood afasebswarmodgenil mtkicebulebebs.

_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens oriTvalsazrisiT: _ maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmuno-obis TvalsazrisiT da imisda mixedviT Tu saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romelfaqts adasturebs es mtkicebuleba.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mosamarTlis SinaganirwmeniT ar niSnavs sruliad uangariSgebo daskvne-

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bis gakeTebis uflebas. sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyve-tilebaSi unda miuTiTos mosazrebaze, ris gamoc manzogierTi mtkicebuleba cno utyuarad, xolo sxvebi _arasarwmunod (ssk 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).

sakasacio sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis auq-mebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu masSi ar aris miTiTebuli ramosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, roca saq-meSi arsebuli mtkicebuleba Seafasa ase da ara sxvana-irad.18

muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic arsaWiroeben mtkicebas

mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebuleba-Ta warmodgenisagan iseTi faqtebis dasa-dastureblad, romlebsac Tumca emyarebamaTi moTxovnebi, Tu Sesagebeli, magram dam-tkicebas ar saWiroeben. esenia:a) faqtebi, romlebsac sasamarTlo sayo-

velTaod cnobilad miiCnevs;b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT

samoqalaqo saqmeze sasamarTlos kanonierZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxvasamoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive mxa-reebi monawileoben;g) faqtebi imis Sesaxeb, hqonda Tu ara

moqmedebas adgili da Caidina Tu ara esmoqmedeba am pirma, rac dadgenilia sisx-lis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili, kano-nier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCe-niT, roca saqmes ixilavs sasamarTlo impiris moqmedebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebriviSedegebis Sesaxeb, vis mimarTac gamotani-lia ganaCeni.

18 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #8, gv.358, agreTve, gv.365


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1. mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yoveli faqti, e. i. faq-tebi, romlebic asabuTeben mosarCelis moTxovnas damopasuxis Sesagebels, unda damtkicdes, dadasturdes.gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens zogierTi faqti, ro-melic Tumca Sedis mtkicebis saganSi, radgan asabuTebs,amarTlebs faqtobrivad mosarCelis moTxovnas an mo-pasuxis Sesagebels, magram garkveuli mosazrebebis ga-mo ar saWiroebs damtkicebas da amitom, mxareebi Tavi-sufldebian mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisagan.

aseTi faqtebis wres ganekuTvneba:a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi. ar aris aucile-

beli, rom faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb mTel-ma kacobriobam icodes. faqti SeiZleba cnobili iyosmTeli qveynis, qalaqis an raionis masStabiT, magaliTad,miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, omi da a. S. mTavaria, rom faqtisSesaxeb icodes aramarto saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamar-Tlom, aramed adamianTa farTo wremac, raTa zemdgomiinstanciis sasamarTlos SeeZlos faqtis sayovelTaodcnobilad aRiarebis sisworis Semowmeba.

faqti SeiZleba sayovelTaod cnobilad da maSasa-dame, dadgenilad CaTvalos zemdgomi instanciis sa-samarTlomac, romelic ganixilavs saCivars qvemdgo-mi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze, rome-lic emyareba sayovelTaod cnobil faqts.

b) preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi iseTi faq-tebia, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi SesulisasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, oRond erTi aucilebe-li pirobiT _ sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igivepirebi, e. i. igive mosarCele, igive mopasuxe, an igivemesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT monawileobs.aqedan gamomdinare, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc sxva pi-ria, gadawyvetilebas ar SeiZleba hqondes preiudici-uli Zala da am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebiver daedeba safuZvlad sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadaw-yvetilebas. es imas niSnavs, rom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi-ve faqtebi, rac dadgenilia sxva saqmeze adre gamota-

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nili gadawyvetilebiT, xelmeored unda dadgindes dadadasturdes.

gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli Zalis Sesaxeb pir-dapiraa miTiTebuli ssk 246-e da 266-e muxlebSi.

sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawy-vetilebas, Tu sasamarTlom ssk 106-e muxlis `b~qvepunqtis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod damtkicebu-lad ar CaTvala faqtebi, romlebic kanonier ZalaSi Se-suli gadawyvetilebiTaa dadgenili sxva saqmeze, ro-melSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.19

g) damtkicebas ar saWiroebs sisxlis samarTlis saq-meze gamotanili ganaCeniT dadgenili Semdegi faqtebi:

1. hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili, magaliTad,xanZars da 2. Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba im pirma,romlis mimarT aRZrulia samoqalaqo saqme (magaliTad,xanZriT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb) davis mimarTac gamotanili iyo ganaCeni.

faqtebs, romlebic dadgenilia ara ganaCeniT, ara-med sagamoZiebo organoebis Tu administraciuli aq-tebiT, ara aqvT preiudiciuli Zala da isini samoqala-qo saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenili unda iqnes saer-To wesiT.

muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani

1. Tu mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarT-los mier gamosaTxovi an Sesamowmebelimtkicebulebebi sxva qalaqSi an raionSiada maTi warmodgena Tu Semowmeba saqmisganmxilvel sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli anZnelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dasabuTebu-li ganCinebiT mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba(Semowmeba) daavalos im sasamarTlos, rom-lisTvisac teritoriulad es ufro mosa-xerxebelia.

19 ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003,#10,gv.1718


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2. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlo ganCinebaSi mokled unda Camoya-libdes gansaxilveli saqmis Sinaarsi, da-sadgeni garemoeba da mtkicebulebani, rom-lebic unda Seagrovos (Seamowmos) dava-lebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom, agreT-ve davalebis Sesrulebis vada.3. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCine-

bis Sesruleba savaldebuloa da igi undaSesruldes daniSnul vadaSi.

1. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZlebagamotanil iqnes mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad ar-sebobisas: a) mtkicebuleba, romlis gamoTxovis SesaxebSuamdgomlobs mxare, sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da b) misiwarmodgena (gadmogzavna) Znelia an SeuZlebelia.

sasamarTlo davalebiT SeiZleba moxdes: a) mtkice-bulebaTa Segroveba saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo-saTvis maTi Semdgomi gadmogzavnis mizniT (magaliTad,mowmis dakiTxva, mxareebisgan an mesame pirebisagan ax-sna-ganmartebis miReba da a. S.); b) mtkicebulebaTa Se-mowmeba, kerZod, maTi adgilze daTvaliereba.

2. ssk 107-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs dava-lebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis Sinaarss, magramimisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria davalebis xasiaTi, gan-CinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sxva damatebiTi gare-moebebic. magaliTad, Tu mxarisagan misaRebia axsna-ganmarteba, sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miu-TiTos misi misamarTi, Tu mowmea dasakiTxi, miTiTebu-li unda iqnes misi misamarTi, xolo Tu Casatarebeliaadgilze daTvaliereba, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli undaiyos mxareTa misamarTebi da a. S.

amrigad, ganCineba sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxebunda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, rac SeiZleba saWi-ro gaxdes davalebis Sesasruleblad. mxedvelobaSiamisaRebi is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo davalebis drossaproceso moqmedebas asrulebs ara is sasamarTlo,

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romelic ixilavs saqmes, aramed sxva sasamarTlo. sx-vagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saproceso moqmedeba, Tu arse-bobs amis realuri SesaZlebloba, unda Sesruldes ise-ve, rogorc mas Seasrulebda saqmis ganmxilveli sasa-marTlo (ssk 108-e muxli).

sasamarTlo davalebiT Sesasrulebeli saprocesomoqmedeba unda Sesruldes davalebis mimcemi sasamar-Tlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. vada ki unda iyos goniv-rulad gansazRvruli _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu raxasiaTisaa Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba.

3. marTalia, davalebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa,magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTlo ama Tu immizezis gamo ver Seasrulebs am davalebas, an Seasru-lebs, magram ara im vadaSi, romelic dauniSna mas dava-lebis mimcemma sasamarTlom.

Tu sasamarTlo daniSnul droSi an saerTod ver as-rulebs davalebas, amis Sesaxeb man droulad unda ac-nobos davalebis mimcem sasamarTlos, romelic an sxvasasamarTlos daavalebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-lebas, an TviTon Seasrulebs mas.

muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebisSesrulebis wesi

1. sasamarTlo davalebas mosamarTle as-rulebs erTpirovnulad.2. davalebis Sesrulebis dros Sekrebi-

li yvela masala dauyovnebliv unda gaeg-zavnos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. TusasamarTlo davalebiT unda moxdes ad-gilze daTvaliereba, davalebis Semsrule-beli mosamarTle acnobebs mxareebs ad-gilze daTvalierebis drosa da adgils,magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-kolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.3. Tu mxareebi an mowmeebi, romlebmac

axsna-ganmartebebi an Cvenebebi misces da-


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valebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles, gamoc-xaddebian saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlo-Si, isini axsna-ganmartebebsa da Cvenebebsmiscemen saerTo wesiT.

1. ssk 108-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasamarTlo da-valebis Sesrulebis wesi. mxolod adgilze daTvalie-rebis dros evaleba davalebis Semsrulebel mosamar-Tles acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs. sxva saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebis dros, magaliTad, mowmis da-kiTxvisas, ssk 108-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs mxareTaSetyobinebas. miuxedavad amisa, sasurvelia, rom da-valebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom yvela saproce-so moqmedeba Seasrulos saproceso kanonmdeblobiTdadgenili wesiT, ra Tqma unda, Tu amis realuri Se-saZlebloba arsebobs.

davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom mxareebis,mowmeebis, mesame pirebis, specialistebis Tu eqsper-tebis gamoZaxeba unda awarmoos sasamarTlo uwyebiT,ssk 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad.

2. davalebis mimcemma, anu saqmis ganmxilvelma sa-samarTlom saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSv-nis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda acnobos impirebsac, romlebmac ukve misces Cveneba Tu axsna-gan-marteba davalebis Semsrulebel sasamarTlos. amis au-cilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maT SeuZliaT ax-sna-ganmarteba da Cveneba miscen ganmeorebiT da saer-To wesis dacviT.

3. sasamarTlo davalebis micema sazRvargareTisqveynebis sasamarTloebisaTvis wesrigdeba `saerTa-Soriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kano-nis 62-64-e muxlebiT.

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T a v i XIV

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa

muxli 109. SuamdgomlobamtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb

1. im pirs, romelsac safuZveli aqvs ifiq-ros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTawardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebeli an Zneligaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos ammtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa.2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da-

saSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec.

1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda ganvasxva-voT sarCelis uzrunvelyofisagan. sarCelis uzrun-velyofis mizania momavali gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-bis uzrunvelyofa (ssk 191-e muxli), mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis mizani ki saqmis sworad gadawyveti-saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis uzrun-velyofaa.

_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucileblobaSeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli(mag. mowmis xangrZlivi vadiT wasvla mivlinebaSi an sa-muSaod sxva qveyanaSi), romlebic miTiTebuli undaiyos dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebaSi (ssk 112-emuxlis ̀ g~ qvepunqti).

_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gansxvavdeba sa-samarTlo davalebisagan. sasamarTlo davalebiT xde-ba mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTx-vevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semowmeba saqmis ganm-xilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia (ssk 107-e muxli).

sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT SeiZleba moxdes mtki-cebulebaTa uzrunvelyofac.


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_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes saq-mis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ar-sebiTad ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebu-lia Seamowmos da Seafasos mtkicebulebebi, Tumca araris gamoricxuli mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiT-xi (ssk 111-e muxli), rac sasamarTlom unda ganixilosda gadawyvitos ssk 215-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT(ix. am muxlis komentari).

2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdessasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainteresebulpirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos im sasamarTlos,romlis teritoriazec unda Sesruldes saprocesomoqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT, anu im sasamarT-los, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba uzrunvelsayo-fi mtkicebuleba (ssk 110-e muxli).

muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmisaRZvramde

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas sasamar-TloSi saqmis aRZvramde axdens im raionis(qalaqis) mosamarTle an magistrati mosa-marTle, romlis teritoriazedac undaSesruldes saproceso moqmedeba uzrunve-lyofis mizniT (mowmis dakiTxva, nivTiermtkicebulebaTa daTaliereba da a.S.)

Tu sarCeli aRZrulia sasamarTloSi, maSin dainte-resebulma pirma mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Se-saxeb SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos saqmis ganmxil-vel sasamarTlos, romelic TviTon Seasrulebs Sesa-bamis saproceso moqmedebas, an kanoniT gaTvaliswine-bul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT daavalebs sxva sasamarT-los Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba (ssk 107-e muxli).

magram, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa undamoxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainte-

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resebul pirs SeuZlia mimarTos im raionis (qalaqis)sa-samarTlos an am raionis (qalaqis) magistrat mosamar-Tles, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec unda moxdessaproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba (mag. mowmis dakiTx-va, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.). sarCelis aRZvrisSemdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sek-rebili masalebi gadaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sa-samarTlos (ssk 116-e muxli). gadagzavna SeiZleba mox-des rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlosiniciativiTac.

muxli 111. gancxadebamtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb

1. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-yofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba we-rilobiTi formiT. aseTi gancxadebis ze-piri formiT wardgena dasaSvebia sasamar-TloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesa-

xeb zepiri gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamd-gomloba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomisoqmSi.

1. Tu dainteresebuli piri Suamdgomlobs sasamar-Tlos winaSe mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taoba-ze jer kidev sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, cxadia,rom man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos werilobiTi ganc-xadebiT. man werilobiTi gancxadebiT unda mimarTossasamarTlos maSinac, rodesac uzrunvelyofis Tao-baze sakiTxi aRiZvris saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.

_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxa-debiT mxarem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos saqmis mom-zadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisdros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos mxa-ris mier wardgenili da sasamarTlos mier Sekrebili


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yvela mtkicebuleba, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rommTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi.

2. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rommxareebma mtkicebulebebi unda warudginon sasamar-Tlos jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 200-203-e muxlebi). dagvianebiT wardgenili mtkicebule-bebi da aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos SeuZ-lia ar miiRos da ar daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdina-re, sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mxaris mier zepiradgancxadebuli Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrun-velyofis Sesaxeb, marTalia, Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi,magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos es Su-amdgomloba (ssk 215-e muxli). sasamarTlos mosamza-debel sxdomaze mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Se-saxeb gancxadebuli zepiri Suamdgomlobac Seitanebaam sxdomis oqmSi.

muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebisSinaarsi

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebrogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiTgancxadebul SuamdgomlobaSi unda aisa-xos:a) mtkicebulebani, romelTa uzrunvel-

yofac aucilebelia;b) garemoebani, romelTa dasadastureb-

ladac saWiroa es mtkicebulebani;g) mizezebi, romlebmac aiZula ganmcxa-

debeli miemarTa SuamdgomlobiT mtkice-bulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb;d) mowinaaRmdege mxaris gvari, saxeli da

misamarTi, Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Setanilia sasamar-TloSi saqmis aRZvramde da ganmcxadebelma

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icis, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos mowinaaRmdegemxare.

1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romelsac unda Sei-cavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri ganc-xadeba (Suamdgomloba), gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, ra formiTac ar unda iyos igigakeTebuli, motivirebuli unda iyos, raTa sasamar-Tlos SeeZlos gadawyvitos uzrunvelsayofi mtkice-bulebis dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis sakiTxi (ssk102-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 104-e muxli).

kerZod, ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos: ara martomtkicebulebaze, romlis uzrunvelyofasac igi moiT-xovs aramed sad imyofeba an mdebareobs es mtkicebu-leba.

mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxova saerTod da miT ufro,mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod impirobiT, Tu am mtkicebulebiT SeiZleba dadasturdessaqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoeba, e. i.garemoeba, romelic asabuTebs mosarCelis moTxovnasan mopasuxis Sesagebels.

aqedan gamomdinare, im garemoebaze miTiTeba, rom-lis dasadastureblad saWiroa uzrunvelyofa, warmo-adgens gancxadebis ganxilvis winapirobas.

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasru-lebeli RonisZiebebis gasatareblad ar kmara mxolodis, rom mtkicebulebas mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis.aucilebelia, agreTve, arsebobdes realuri saSiSro-eba imisa, rom am mtkicebulebis mogvianebiT wardge-na an gamoyeneba Zneli an SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Tu ase-Ti saSiSroeba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlom uari undaTqvas mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze.

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasru-lebeli saproceso moqmedeba unda ganxorcieldes sa-moqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili we-siT (ssk 113-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

zogjer, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb sa-


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samarTlom unda Seatyobinos mxareebs. swored amito-maa, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareebida maTi misamarTebi, magram Tu uzrunvelyofa sarCe-lis aRZvramde unda ganxorcieldes, maSin gancxade-baSi miTiTebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi mxare da misi mi-samarTi, romlis winaaRmdegac mosarCele apirebs sar-Celis aRZvras.

_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamar-Tlom SeiZleba Seasrulos sxvadasxva moqmedeba, ker-Zod, dakiTxos mowme, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkice-buleba, daniSnos eqsperti da sxva. yvela es saproce-so moqmedeba unda Sesruldes kanoniT dadgenili we-siT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mowmis dakiTxvisaT-vis, adgilze daTvalierebisaTvis, eqspertis daniSv-nisaTvis da a. S. (ssk 113-e muxli), garda im gamonakli-sebisa, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 116-e muxliT (ix. ammuxlis komentari).

_ xarjebi, rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa uz-runvelsayofad, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelic amasmoiTxovs (ssk 52-e da 118-e muxlebi).

_ Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moT-xovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 185-e muxlis analo-giiT misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad.cxadia, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gamoiyenos kano-nis analogia da gamoitanos ganCineba mtkicebulebisuzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ssk 119-e mux-li).

muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCinebamtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb

1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesa-xeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-melSic miuTiTebs misi warmoebis wessa dasaSualebebze.

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2. saproceso moqmedeba, rac saWiroa mtki-cebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, unda Ses-ruldes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.

1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCi-nebaSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos im saproceso moq-medebaze, romelic unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, dai-kiTxos mowme, miRebuli iqnes axsna-ganmarteba mopa-suxisagan, dainiSnos eqspertiza, Catardes daTvalie-reba, mowveul iqnes specialisti (ssk 123-e muxli) daa. S.

2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCi-nebaSi miTiTebuli moqmedeba, magaliTad, mowmis da-kiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, werilobiTi Tu nivTie-ri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba unda Sesruldesise, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is Sesabamisi mux-lebi gamonaklisebis garda, rac gaTvaliswinebulia114-e 116-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

muxli 114. specialistismonawileoba mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis dros

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad ama Tuim saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis drossasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialis-ti 204-e muxliT dadgenili wesiTa dasafuZvlebiT.

_ imisda mixedviT, Tu konkretulad romeli sapro-ceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes, sasamarTlos SeuZ-lia moiwvios specialisti.

_ specialisti ver Secvlis sasamarTlos (mosamar-Tles). igi damoukideblad araviTar saproceso moqme-debas ar asrulebs. mas SeuZlia mxolod monawileobamiiRos mosamarTlis mier Catarebul saproceso moq-medebaSi _ misces mas konsultaciebi Tavisi specialu-


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ri codnis Sesabamisad da aRmouCinos mas daxmarebasaproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi (ix.ssk 204-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 115. mxareTa monawileobamtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi

1. mxareebs ecnobebaT mtkicebulebaTa uz-runvelyofis dro da adgili, magram maTigamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs uzrun-velyofis mizniT Sesabamisi saproceso moq-medebis Sesrulebas.2. gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi mtkicebule-

baTa uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxare-TaTvis Seutyobinebladac.

1. damoukideblad imisa, Tu romeli konkretulisaproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT xdeba mtkicebule-baTa uzrunvelyofa (ssk 113-e muxli), mxareebs undaecnoboT aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgi-li.

Setyobineba unda moxdes uwyebiT, romelic mxare-ebs egzavnebaT ssk 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiTda masSi unda aRiniSnos saproceso moqmedebis xasia-Ti da mizani.

2. mxareTaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba aRar ar-sebobs, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gadaude-belia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebu-lebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi.

_ gadaudebeli SeiZleba iyos iseTi SemTxveva, ro-desac uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs malfuWebadi nivTi-eri mtkicebulebebi, mowmis mZime daavadebiT gamow-veuli krizisuli mdgomareoba da sxva.

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muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebilimasalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna

1. oqmebi da mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-yofis wesiT Sekrebili yvela masala gaeg-zavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa mox-

da sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, uzrun-velyofis dros Sedgenili oqmi da sxvamasalebi Seinaxeba sasamarTloSi, romle-bic Semdgom, mxareTa TxovniT an TviT sa-samarTlos iniciativiT, gadaegzavneba imsasamarTlos, romelic ganixilavs saqmes.

1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesru-lebuli saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, ag-reTve, miRebuli Sedegebi unda aisaxos Sesabamis oqm-Si. uzrunvelyofis dros SeiZleba Sedges naxazebi,moxdes fotografireba, amoRebul iqnes nimuSebi daa. S. yvela es masala da maT Soris oqmi, unda gadaecessaqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos). aseTigadacema (gadagzavna) SeiZleba moxdes mxaris Suamd-gomlobiT an TviT mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) inicia-tiviT.

2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba moxdessasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde (ssk 109-e muxlis me-2nawili). saqmis aRZvramde mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-yofas axdens is sasamarTlo, romlis teritoriazecimyofeba (mdebareobs) uzrunvelsayofi werilobiTiTu nivTieri mtkicebuleba. am dros Sedgenili oqmebida sxva masalebi dainteresebul mxares ki ar unda ga-daeces, aramed Senaxuli unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,romelmac uzrunvelyofa moaxdina.

_ sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras sxva sasamarTloSi gan-sjadobis wesebis dacviT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, sasamarT-lom, romelmac uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi gaatara


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da romelTanac inaxeba Sesabamisi oqmebi da sxva masa-lebi, unda gadaugzavnos (gadasces) isini saqmis ganm-xilvel sasamarTlos. aseTi gadagzavna SeiZleba mox-des dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, agreTve.TviT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos iniciativiT.

muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTaganmeorebiTi an damatebiTiuzrunvelyofa

1. mxareebs, imisgan damoukideblad, mona-wileobdnen Tu ara isini mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofaSi, ufleba aqvT gamoTqvanTavianTi mosazrebebi da miuTiTon im xar-vezebze, romlebsac, maTi azriT, adgilihqonda uzrunvelyofis dros.2. saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlos

SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa dama-tebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.

1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvTprocesis nebismier stadiaze gaecnon mtkicebuleba-Ta uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebil masalebs da ga-moTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am masalebisa da saer-Tod, uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproce-so moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

2. mxareTa dasabuTebuli SeniSvnebi im xarvezebisSesaxeb, romlebic Tan axlda uzrunvelyofis mizniTSesrulebul saproceso moqmedebas (magaliTad, mow-mes ar dausves SekiTxva, romlis garkvevasac arsebiTimniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis) SeiZleba gaxdes mtki-cebulebaTa damatebiTi uzrunvelyofis safuZveli.

_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebuleba-Ta damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa TavisiiniciativiTac.

_ mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uz-runvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine-

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ba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra sakiTxebiadamatebiT gasarkvevi, an ra mizeziTaa ganpirobebu-li mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.

_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebisanazRaurebis wesi

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gawe-ul xarjebs gadaixdis piri, romelmac iSu-amdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe aseTi uz-runvelyofis Sesaxeb. mowinaaRmdege mxa-res ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mtkicebuleba-Ta uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobisaTvis mismier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba. sabo-lood am xarjebis ganawileba moxdeba sa-samarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad gadawy-vetisas.

1. rogorc wesi, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da-kavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan. xarjebis odenobaSeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva imisda mixedviT, Tu ra xasi-aTis saproceso moqmedebaa Sesasrulebeli. aq igulis-xmeba mgzavrobis xarjebi, fotogadaRebebisa da naxa-zebis Sedgenis xarjebi, specialistisaTvis misacemiTanxebi da sxva. mowinaaRmdege mxares aunazRaurdebamtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobasTandakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.

_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xar-jebis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs sasamarTlo,romelic SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes zusti. sabolood da-zustebuli xarjebi ganisazRvreba uzrunvelyofisRonisZiebebis Catarebis Semdeg. am xarjebis da, saer-Tod, sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Sorisunda moxdes ssk 53-e muxlis Sesabamisad _ saqmis arse-biTad gadawyvetisas.


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muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTauzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotaniliganCinebis gasaCivreba

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis SesaxebsasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar da-iSveba. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofazeuaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZlebakerZo saCivris Setana.

mxolod mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba ker-Zo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

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T a v i XV

adgilze daTvaliereba

muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTimtkicebulebebis adgilzedaTvaliereba

sasamarTlos, mxareTa moTxovniT an Tavi-si iniciativiT, SeuZlia daadginos im niv-Tieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis ad-gilze daTvaliereba da gamokvleva, ro-melTa wardgenac sasamarTloSi ama Tu immizezis gamo SeuZlebelia.

_ SeiZleba moxdes mxolod nivTieri an werilobiTimtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da mxolodim SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena Zne-lia an SeuZlebeli (ssk 138-e da 159-e muxlebi). sasa-marTloSi mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis SeuZlebloba ansiZnele SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpiro-bebuli. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli naTesebis da-zianebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. cxa-dia, rom sasamarTloSi miwis nakveTis wardgena, romel-zec ganlagebulia naTesebi, SeuZlebelia. an kidev, Tudasadgenia didi odenobiT tvirTis dazianebis faqti,romlis sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia da dakavSire-bulia did xarjebTan. igive SeiZleba iTqvas werilo-biT mtkicebulebebzec, Tu maTi raodenoba Zalian di-dia, maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena gamoiwvevs sawarmosmuSaobis CaSlas, magaliTad, rodesac SesamowmebeliasabuRaltro wignebi da a. S.

_ adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba moxdes rogorcmxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciati-viT.

_ mxareTa Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) adgilze daT-valierebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi


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miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra mizezebiTaa ganpirobe-buli adgilze daTvalierebis aucilebloba.

_ saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mom-zadebisa da am saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidanacilebis mizniT, adgilze daTvaliereba unda moxdessaqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 203-e muxlis pirvelinawilis ̀ e~ qvepunqti). mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZ-ruli Suamdgomlobebi adgilze daTvalierebis Sesa-xeb sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos, Tu ar arse-bobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc droulad ar iqna aseTiSuamdgomloba aRZruli (ssk 215-e muxli).

_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Tu mis Catare-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-neba (121-e muxli).

muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCinebaadgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb

1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic mi-TiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebisa dagamokvlevis sagani, agreTve daTvalierebisdro da adgili. am ganCinebis gasaCivrebaar daiSveba.2. mxareebsa da maTs warmomadgenlebs ec-

nobebaT adgilze daTvalierebis dro daadgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba verdaabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.3. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi adgilze

daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad Se-iZleba gamoiZaxon mowmeebi.

1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb, damoukidebladimisa, mxareTa TxovniT Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiTxdeba es, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis Si-naarsi gansazRvrulia am muxlis pirveli nawiliT.

_ ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb miRe-

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buli unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, raTa Ta-vidan iqnes acilebuli saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba(ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~ qvepunqti). ad-gilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb mxareTa mier dagviane-biT aRZrul Suamdgomlobas sasamarTlo ar daakmayo-filebs, Tu ar arsebobs aseTi dagvianebis sapatio mi-zezi (ssk 215-e muxli).

_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos mier mTavar sxdomaze gamotanili ganCinebaimaze miuTiTebs, rom saqme Tavis droze ar iyo srul-yofilad momzadebuli.

2. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis monawileo-bas mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvalierebaSi udavodaqvs garkveuli mniSvneloba: maT SeuZliaT mosamarT-lis yuradReba miaqcion dasaTvalierebeli nivTebisTu werilobiTi masalebis ama Tu im mxaresa da Tvise-baze. maT monawileobas mniSvneloba aqvs, agreTve ad-gilze daTvalierebis srulyofilad Catarebis dama-jereblobisaTvis. amitom, kanoniT dadgenili wesiTSetyobinebis gagzavna saWiroa. daTvaliereba auci-lebelia Sedges da igi ar unda gadaidos, Tu aseTiSetyobinebis miuxedavad, mxareebi da maTi warmomad-genlebi ar gamocxaddnen daTvalierebaSi monawileo-bis misaRebad.

3. mowmeebis gamoZaxeba daTvalierebaSi monawile-obis misaRebad SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, TumaT SeuZliaT raime daxmareba gauwion mosamarTlesdaTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. magaliTad,mowmeebad dasaxelebul pirebs, romlebic eswrebod-nen an TviTon uSualod monawileobdnen avtotrans-portiT gadmogzavnili tvirTis gadmozidvaSi, SeuZ-liaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion imas, Tu rogoriyo ganlagebuli es tvirTi da saidan SeiZleboda mom-xdariyo maTi dazianeba.

4. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar daiSveba. ad-gilze daTvalierebis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb


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sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-tana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebisCatareba

adgilze daTvalierebas awarmoebs saqmisganmxilveli mosamarTle. Tu saqmes sasa-marTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba ixilavs,adgilze daTvalierebis movaleoba, am sa-samarTlos Tavmjdomaris gadawyvetilebiT,SeiZleba daekisros mis erT-erT wevrs.

Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenlobaixilavs, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba SeiZlebadaevalos kolegiis erT-erT mosamarTles, am kolegi-is Tavmjdomaris davalebiT, romelic mxedvelobaSiiRebs kolegiis mosazrebas. aseTi davaleba SeiZlebamomdinareobdes kolegiidanac. sakiTxebi, romlebicSeiZleba gadawydes mosamarTlis (am SemTxvevaSi _ ko-legiis Tavmjdomaris) mier erTpirovnulad, SeiZlebagadawydes, agreTve, sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgen-lobis mierac.

muxli 123. specialistismonawileoba adgilzedaTvalierebaSi

1. adgilze daTvalierebaSi monawileobismisaRebad sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwviosspecialisti 204-e muxliT gansazRvrulisafuZvlebiTa da wesiT.2. specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamar-

Tlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis gasaCiv-reba ar daiSveba.

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1. specialisti ar aris eqsperti (ssk 163-e muxli) daigi ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar wers daskvnas, romel-sac eqneboda mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba. specialis-tis ZiriTadi da mTavari funqciaa daxmareba aRmouCi-nos mosamarTles daTvalierebis srulyofilad Cata-rebaSi, mosamarTlis yuradReba miapyros ama Tu im ga-remoebaze, Seadginos naxazebi, moaxdinos fotogada-Rebebi da a. S. (ssk 204-e muxli). misi rCevebi da kon-sultaciebi Seitaneba daTvalierebis oqmSi, romelicgamoyenebuli iqneba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-vis dros rogorc mtkicebuleba.

2. ganCineba specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb SeiZle-ba gamoitanos erTpirovnulad im mosamarTlem, rome-lic atarebs, an romelsac mindobili aqvs daTvalie-rebis Catareba. mxareebs ar erTmevaT ufleba iSuamd-gomlon specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb, magram am sa-kiTxs sabolood wyvets mosamarTle, romelmac Tvi-Ton unda gansazRvros sWirdeba specialistis daxma-reba Tu ara.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, specialistis mowvevis TuaseT mowvevaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-Cinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.

_ specialistis mowveva dakavSirebulia garkveulxarjebTan (ssk 45-e muxli), romlebic unda aanazRau-ros orive mxarem, Tu igi sasamarTlos iniciativiT iyomowveuli, an im mxarem, visi iniciativiTac iyo special-isti mowveuli (ssk52-e muxli).

muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawilepirTa ufleba-movaleobebi

daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebs, mow-meebsa da specialistebs ufleba aqvT mo-samarTlis yuradReba miaqcion ama Tu imgaremoebas, romelsac, maTi azriT, aqvs mniS-vneloba daTvalierebis srulyofilad Ca-


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satareblad, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-ne garemoebaTa dasadgenad.

_ daTvalierebaSi monawileoba SeiZleba miiRon mxo-lod im pirebma, romlebic mowveuli arian sasamarTlosmier kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 70-78-e muxlebi). sa-samarTlo uwyebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvaliere-bis adgili, sadac unda gamocxaddes mowveuli piri dagamocxadebis dro (dRe, Tve, ricxvi da saaTi).

_ daTvalierebis dawyebis win sasamarTlom unda ga-numartos mowveul pirebs mizani, risTvisac isini ari-an mowveuli, agreTve, maTi uflebebi.

muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmisSinaarsi

1. daTvalierebis dros unda Sedges oqmi(daTvalierebis oqmi), romelSic unda aRi-niSnos:a) daTvalierebis adgili da obieqtebi;b) daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebi, mow-

meebi, specialistebi;g) daTvalierebaSi monawile pirebis mo-

sazrebebi, maTi SeniSvnebi;d) daTvalierebisa da gamokvlevis Sede-

gebi.2. oqms SeiZleba daerTos daTvalierebis

dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli gegmebi,naxazebi, suraTebi da a. S.

1. daTvalierebis oqmi aris mtkicebis saSualeba(mtkicebuleba). amitom, oqmis srulyofilad Sedge-nas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. misi Si-naarsi zustad unda Seesabamebodes ssk 125-e muxlismoTxovnebs.

_ daTvalierebis SedegebSi igulisxmeba faqtebi dagaremoebebi, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvs mocemuli

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konkretuli saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis da romlebicdadgenilad (dadasturebulad) CaTvala sasamarTlomadgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis safuZvelze.

_ daTvalierebis Sedegad dadgenili faqtebi, ise-ve rogorc nebismieri mtkicebulebiT dadgenili faq-tebi, SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebas.

2. daTvalierebis dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuligegmebis, naxazebis, fotosuraTebis da a. S. oqmze dar-Tvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs am oqmiT dadgenili faq-tebis utyuarobisa da damajereblobisaTvis.

muxli 126. daTvalierebasTandakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva

Tu daTvaliereba dakavSirebulia xar-jebTan, mxarem, romelic Suamdgomlobs sa-samarTlos winaSe daTvalierebis Sesaxeb,winaswar unda Seitanos Sesabamisi Tanxa.Tu adgilze daTvaliereba sasamarTlos ini-ciativiT xdeba, es xarjebi orive mxaremunda dafaros.

_ mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxare-ebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudgi-non sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi. mxareTa mier ward-genil mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba, Semowmeba da Se-faseba evaleba sasamarTlos.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mxare miuTiTebs mtkice-bulebebze, romelTa sasamarTloSi wardgena SeuZle-beli an Znelia, sasamarTlom adgilze unda daaTvali-eros da Seamowmos isini. Tu mxare winaswar ver ixdissaamiso xarjebs, sasamarTlom mainc unda daaTvalie-ros mtkicebulebebi da Semdeg gadawyvitos xarjebisganawilebis sakiTxi.


234

T a v i XVI

mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba

muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebismiReba

1. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemo-ebebis dadgenis procesi iwyeba mxareTa (me-same pirTa, TanamonawileTa, kanonismier war-momadgenelTa) axsna-ganmartebis miRebiT:mxareebi iZlevian axsna-ganmartebebs maT-Tvis cnobili da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobismqone garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.2. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxa-

res SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdegemxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxvauadgiloa an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxu-reba saqmis garemoebebis gamokvlevasa dadadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT anTavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTiSekiTxva. SekiTxvis CaTvla Seusabamod anuadgilod da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosa-marTles erTpirovnulad, xolo roca saq-mes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, maSin _sxdomis Tavmjdomares.

1. mxare _ es aris piri, romelic sadavo samarTleb-rivi urTierTobis uSualo monawilea. amitom, man yve-laze kargad unda icodes im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, rom-lebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis. am mosazrebiTxelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac mxareTa ax-sna-ganmartebas Tvlis mtkicebis erT-erT damou-kidebel da mniSvnelovan wyarod (ssk 102-e muxlisme _ 2 nawili).

_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis is nawili, romelic moTxovnis Camoyali-bebas, dazustebas, Tu dakonkretebas emsaxureba da

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axsna-ganmartebis is nawili, romelic saqmis faqtob-riv garemoebebs Seexeba. mtkicebulebas warmoadgensmxaris axsna-ganmartebis mxolod is nawili, romelicsaqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqonegaremoebebis arseboba _ ararsebobas adasturebs. imi-sda miuxedavad, Tu ra formiTaa warmodgenili mxare-Ta axsna-ganmarteba _ werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiT,mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs axsna-ganmartebismxolod im nawils, romelic Seicavs miTiTebebs faq-tebis Sesaxeb.

_ mxare aris dainteresebuli piri da misi Cvenebafaqtebis Sesaxeb am interesiT iqneba ganpirobebuli.aseTi viTareba sasamarTlos avalebs gansakuTrebuliyuradRebiT Seafasos mxaris axsna _ ganmarteba. mxa-ris yoveli ganmarteba faqtebis Sesaxeb, romelic ga-keTebulia mis sasargeblod, magaliTad, mopasuxis gan-marteba imis Sesaxeb, rom man Seasrula valdebulebamosarCelis winaSe, marTalia, aris mtkicebuleba, mag-ram igi arasakmarisi mtkicebulebaa, romelic moiT-xovs dadasturebas sxva mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT.rac Seexeba mxaris axsna _ ganmartebas faqtis Sesaxeb,romelic gakeTebulia mis sazianod da mowinaRmdegemxaris sasargeblod (aRiareba) _ is ukve aris sakma-risi mtkicebuleba da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sa-samarTlo gadawyvetilebas (ssk 131-e muxli).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTloebSi far-Todaa gavrcelebuli praqtika, romlis mixedviT, axs-na _ ganmartebas saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Se-saxeb iZleva ara uSualod mxare, romelic eswreba saq-mis ganxilvas, aramed misi warmomadgeneli, rac ar Se-esabameba kanons.

warmomadgenels aqvs farTo saproceso uflebebi, masSeuZlia gaanalizos saqmis masalebi, gamoTqvas Tavisi mo-sazrebebi saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis utyuaro-bis Sesaxeb, agreTve, imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli kanoni un-da iqnes gamoyenebuli da rogori gadawyvetileba undaiqnes gamotanili da a. S. (ssk 98-e muxli). magram, mas ar


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SeuZlia Seasrulos mxaris, rogorc mtkicebulebis wya-ros funqcia, iseve rogorc ar SeuZlia Seasrulos mow-mis funqcia. ufro metic, igi ar SeiZleba daikiTxos ro-gorc mowme iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTviscnobili gaxda warmomadgenelis movaleobis Sesrule-basTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 141-e muxli).

2. mxaris mier axsna _ ganmartebis micemis Semdeg,mas SeiZleba SekiTxvebi misces mowinaaRmdege mxarem.SekiTxvis micema dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos (mo-samarTlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaris) ne-barTviT. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos evaleba ganux-relad daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis ssk 127 _ e muxlismeore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, kerZod, ar da-uSvas SekiTxvebis micema misi nebarTvis gareSe da mox-snas nebismieri SekiTxva, Tu igi ar emsaxureba saqmisfaqtobrivi garemoebis garkvevas.

am wesis daucveloba zogjer iwvevs dausrulebel Se-kiTxvebs, saqmis ganxilvis uzomod gaWianurebas da ar-cTu iSviaTad, urTierTSeuracxyofas. sasamarTlomunda uxelmZRvanelos sxdomas da misi nebarTvis gare-Se ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema, xolo Tu aseTiSekiTxva mainc misces mxareebma erTmaneTs, sasamarTlomdauyovnebliv unda aRkveTos maTi aseTi moqmedeba.

muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi mis-ces mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saq-mis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqonegaremoebebis srulad da zustad gansazR-vras, maTs dasadastureblad mtkicebule-baTa gamovlenas da sasamarTloSi wardge-nas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas.

1. ssk 128-e muxli Seicavs sakmaod naTel kriteriu-mebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra sakiTxebis gasarkvevad undamieces SekiTxvebi mxareebs. es sakiTxebia: a) mtkice-

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bis sagnis anu im garemoebebis srulad da zustad gan-sazRvra, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyare-ben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. marTalia, mxa-reebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi un-da daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels,magram, Tu mxareebi miuTiTeben iseT garemoebebze,romlebic iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs(Sesagebels), sasamarTlom dro ar unda dakargos ase-Ti garemoebebis dadgenisaTvis. mtkicebis sagani sa-bolood unda dazustdes da dakonkretdes mxareTaaxsna-ganmartebebisa da maTTvis SekiTxvebis micemismeSveobiT; b) yvela im mtkicebulebis gamovlena, rom-lebic, marTalia ar aris wardgenili sasamarTloSi,magram romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndeT mxareebs, agreT-ve, wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da gan-kuTvnadobis (mniSvnelobis) sakiTxebis garkveva, ase-ve is, aris Tu ara mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yvela ga-remoebis dasadastureblad wardgenili Sesabamisimtkicebuleba da romeli mxarea valdebuli aseTimtkicebuleba waradginos; g) ramdenad sarwmuno dautyuaria wardgenili mtkicebulebebi.

sasamarTlom mxareTa winaSe SeiZleba dasvas sxvasakiTxebic, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis (ssk 218-e muxli).

_ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio pa-lata did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sasamarTloebis mieram muxliT miniWebuli uflebis efeqtianad gamoyene-bis aucileblobas da auqmebs gadawyvetilebas dausa-buTeblobis motiviT, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, romsasamarTloebma ar dausves Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi mxa-reebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobdnen rogorc saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebe-bis (mtkicebis sagnis) srulad da zustad gansazRvras,ise Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamovlenas20.



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muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac arSeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba

ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba:a) iseTi pirisagan, romelsac Tavisi fi-

zikuri naklis an fsiqikuri aSlilobisgamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas faqtebida misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba;b) sasuliero pirisagan iseTi garemoeba-

Ta Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsare-bis dros;g) Tanamdebobis pirisagan iseT garemoe-

bebze, romelTa Sesaxeb saidumloebis dacvacmis samsaxurebriv movaleobaSi Sedis, Tuigi ganTavisuflebuli ar aris aseTi sai-dumloebis dacvisagan.

a) sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebs afasebs Tavisi Sina-gani rwmeniT, maTi utyuarobisa da sarwmunoobis Tval-sazrisiT. amitom, drois unayofod xarjva iqnebodamxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtis Se-saxeb, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, magramromlis swored aRqma da swori Cvenebis micema mas arSeuZlia. magaliTad, Tu mxare aris brma, mas ar SeeZloswored aReqva iseTi faqti, romlis aRqma mxolodmxedvelobiT SeiZleboda. aseve, Tu mxare aris yru-munji, ar SeiZleba misgan miviRoT Cveneba iseTi faq-tis Sesaxeb, romlis aRqma smenas moiTxovs da a. S.

b) mxaris mier aRsarebis dros ama Tu im faqtis gan-doba da misi monanieba dakargavda yovelgvar azrs, TuSesaZlebeli da dasaSvebi iqneboda misi gaxmaureba. ami-tom, sasuliero pirisagan ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmarte-bis miReba iseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaan-dves aRsarebis dros, Tu es piri gvevlineba mxared.igi ar SeiZleba aseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb mowmedac dai-kiTxos (ssk 141-e muxli). sxva mxriv, am mimarTebiT ara-viTari SezRudva ar arsebobs da sasuliero pirisagan,

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iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva pirisagan, SeiZleba axs-na-ganmartebis miReba, roca igi mxared gvevlineba saq-meSi.

saidumloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rig-Si, gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac Sei-cavs saqarTvelos kanoni ̀ saxelmwifo saidumloebisSesaxeb~, romelic aregulirebs informaciis saxelm-wifo saidumloebad miCnevasTan, mis gasaidumloebasada dacvasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTo-bebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTierTobebis,dazvervis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesri-gis dacvis sferoebSi. es kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu raxasiaTis informacia ganekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidum-loebas da ra xasiaTis informacia ar miiCneva saxelm-wifo saidumloebad (am kanonis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi).

saidumloebis dacvis valdebulebebs Seicavs sxvakanonebic. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-los kanonis me-18.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, `sazogadoebisorganoebis sxdomaTa Sinaarsi da Sedegebi konfidenci-aluria, Tu ki es Sedegebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqvey-nebas, an Tu sazogadoebis wesdeba sxva rames ar iTva-liswinebs~.

`notariatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 mux-lis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad, `notariusi movalea saidum-lod Seinaxos cnobebi, romelic misTvis cnobili gax-da samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. es mo-valeoba ZalaSi rCeba notariusis samsaxuridan gaTa-visuflebis Semdegac~.

saidumloebis dacvis valdebuleba SeiZleba gaT-valiswinebuli iyos sxva kanonebiTac.

muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miRebaerT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobisSemTxvevaSi

sasamarTlo sxdomaze erT-erTi mxarisgamoucxadebloba an gamocxadebuli mxa-


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ris uari, misces sasamarTlos axsna-gan-marteba, ver daabrkolebs meore mxarisganaseTi axsna-ganmartebis miRebis SesaZleb-lobas.

_ mxare ar aris valdebuli sasamarTlos misces axs-na-ganmarteba. mas SeuZlia saerTod ar gamocxaddessasamarTlo sxdomaze, an gamocxaddes, magram uari ga-nacxados rogorc axsna-ganmartebis micemaze, ise sa-erTod, saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze (ssk 232-e mux-li). erT-erTi mxaris aseTi umoqmedeba araviTar gav-lenas ar axdens meore mxaris saproceso uflebebze,romelsac sruli ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos aseT piro-bebSic misces axsna-ganmarteba da Seasrulos nebismi-eri saproceso moqmedeba _ aRZras sasamarTlos wina-Se sxvadasxva xasiaTis Suamdgomlobebi, maT Soris, da-uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb im mxa-ris winaaRmdeg, romelic ar gamocxadda, an gamocxad-da, magram monawileobas ar iRebs saqmis ganxilvaSi (ssk232-e muxli).

muxli 131. aRiareba

erTi mxaris mier iseTi garemoebis arse-bobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRia-reba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebsTavis moTxovnebsa Tu Sesagebels, sasamar-Tlom SeiZleba sakmaris mtkicebulebad CaT-valos da safuZvlad daudos sasamarTlogadawyvetilebas.

1. faqtis aRiareba _ es aris mxareTa axsna-ganmar-tebis erT-erTi saxesxvaoba _ mtkicebuleba, romel-sac zogjer mtkicebulebaTa mefesac ki uwodeben.aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis Tavisebureba imaSimdgomareobs, rom am mtkicebulebiT xdeba iseTi faq-tis dadastureba, romelzec meore (mowinaaRmdege)

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mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas an Sesagebels. maSasa-dame, faqts, romelic unda daedasturebina erT mxa-res, adasturebs misi mowinaaRmdege mxare. sworedamitom, aRiareba, rogorc mtkicebuleba, iTvleba ut-yuar mtkicebulebad, radgan igi gakeTebulia mowina-aRmdege mxaris sasargeblod da amRiareblis inte-resebis sawinaaRmdegod.

_ `rac Seexeba valis odenobis sakiTxs _ naTqvamiasakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ m.z-ia-nis mier 7000 amerikuli dolaris sesxebis faqts, aR-niSnuli dadasturebulia mis mier micemuli axsna-gan-martebiT. ssk 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, erTi mxarismier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadas-tureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebsTavis moTxovnas da Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZle-ba sakmao mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad da-udos gadawyvetilebas~.21

_ faqtis aRiareba unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelisaRiarebisagan (me 3-e da 208-e muxlebi). sarCelis aRi-areba _ es aris mxaris mier Tavisi uflebis gankargvisaqti. sarCelis aRiarebis dros, amRiarebeli mxarecnobs sasarCelo moTxovnis marTlzomierebas da aseTSemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba, Semowmeba daSefaseba aRar aris saWiro. mopasuxe acxadebs, romcnobs sarCels da valdebulia daakmayofilos mosar-Celis moTxovnebi.

faqtis aRiarebis dros ki mxare cnobs mxolod ro-melime faqtobriv garemoebas, magram ara sarCels. ma-galiTad, mopasuxem cno, rom man marTlac aiRo sesximosarCelisagan, magram daabruna vali, an Seasrula mo-sarCelis sasargeblod samuSao, romlis Rirebulebaunda CaiTvalos valSi da a.S.



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muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma

saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoe-bis arsebobis an ararsebobis aRiarebamxares SeuZlia rogorc zepiri, ise weri-lobiTi formiT, saqmis winaswari sasamar-Tlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis an am saq-mis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros.Tu aRiareba warmodgenilia werilobiTiformiT, igi daerTvis saqmes. zepirad ga-keTebuli aRiareba Seitaneba sasamarTlosxdomis oqmSi.

_ ssk 132-e muxliT gansazRvrulia aRiarebis, ro-gorc mtkicebulebis, forma. aseTi aRiareba mxares Se-uZlia gaakeTos werilobiTi an zepiri formiT. faqtisaRiarebis Sesaxeb mxarem SeiZleba werilobiT Camoaya-libos Tavis SesagebelSi (ssk 201-e muxli), an kidev,mopasuxis Sesagebelze mosarCelis werilobiT pasux-Si (ssk 202-e muxli). cxadia, rom mxares aseTi werilo-biTi aRiareba SeuZlia gaakeTos calke werilobiT gan-cxadebaSi.

_ zepiri formiT mxaris mier faqtis aRiareba SeiZ-leba gakeTdes mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, ima-ve sxdomis oqmSi misi SetaniT.

_ faqtis aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saSualebis, wyaro SeiZleba iyosuSualod mxare. amitom, warmomadgenels (advokats) arSeuZlia faqtis aRiareba. warmomadgenelma SeiZlebagamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saqmeSi arsebul mtkice-bulebaTa sarwmunoobisa da utyuarobis Sesaxeb, mag-ram Caenacvlos mxares, rogorc mtkicebis saSualeba-Ta wyaros _ mas ar SeuZlia. marwmunebels, Tu amis sur-vili da neba aqvs, TviTon SeuZlia cnos, aRiaros saqmi-saTvis mniSvnelobis esa Tu is garemoeba, im formiT, racam muxliTaa gansazRvruli. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mxa-res ar surs, an ar SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saqmis

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zepir ganxilvaSi, mas SeuZlia werilobiTi formiT wa-rudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi aRiareba faqtis Sesaxeb.

muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwylebamxaris mier

1. mxares SeuZlia sasamarTlos mier ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanamde gaaqarwylos(uaryos) Tavisi aRiareba, Tu daamtkicebs,rom es aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi daganpirobebuli iyo iseTi garemoebiT, ro-melic cnobili gaxda misTvis aRiarebisSemdeg, anda masze fsiqikuri Tu fizikurizemoqmedebiT, romelic gamoricxavda misTavisufal nebas.2. aRiarebis uaryofa sasamarTlom unda

daasabuTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi.

1. mxares, romelmac aRiara saqmisaTvis mniSvnelo-bis mqone esa Tu is faqti (garemoeba), ufleba aqvs Sem-dgom gaaqarwylos (uaryos) es aRiareba oRond kanonigansazRvravs amisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. es piro-bebia: a) aRiarebis gaqarwyleba gadawyvetilebis gamo-tanamde. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg sasamarT-lo, bunebrivia, veRarc ganixilavs aRiarebis gaqarwy-lebis sakiTxs da veRarc Secvlis Tavis gadawyveti-lebas. es imas ar niSnavs, rom saapelacio sasamarTlo-Si aRar SeiZleba aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxi dais-vas. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos es sa-kiTxi, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyveti-lebis gamotanamde iqneba dayenebuli mxaris mier 380-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT. b) mxarem, romelic mo-iTxovs mis mier gakeTebuli aRiarebis gaqarwylebas,unda daamtkicos (damtkicebis tvirTi) Semdegi faq-tebi: 1) aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi; magaliTad,gamnaTxovrebelma aRZra sarCeli mopasuxis mimarTnaTxovari nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. mopasuxem


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(monaTxovrem) aRiara, rom man marTla inaTxovra sada-vo nivTi, magram uvadod da amitom araa valdebuli da-ubrunos igi mosarCeles. Semdeg mopasuxem ganacxada,rom faqtis aseTi aRiareba iyo Secdoma, radgan man niv-Ti saCuqrad momca da ara naTxovrobiT. Secdoma ga-mowveuli iyo misi iuridiuli gaunaTleblobiT; 2) masdaemuqra mowinaaRmdege mxare samsaxuridan daTxov-niT an mis Sesaxeb iseTi cnobebis gavrcelebiT, rome-lic laxavs mis pativsa da Rirsebas (fsiqikuri zemoq-medeba); 3) mas scemes da daemuqrnen fizikuri ganad-gurebiT (fizikuri zemoqmedeba).

amrigad, faqtis aRiareba unda gamoxatavdes amRia-reblis Tavisufal nebas da Tu amRiarebeli daamtki-cebs, rom aseTi neba sinamdvileSi gamoricxuli iyo _aRiareba gaqarwyldeba.

2. sasamarTlo ver Semoifargleba mxolod imaze mi-TiTebiT, rom mxarem uaryo Tavisi aRiareba. man TavisgadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos, Tu ratom, am mux-lis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli romeli garemoebis sa-fuZvelze uaryo mxaris aRiareba.

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T a v i XVII

werilobiTi mtkicebuleba

muxli 134. werilobiTimtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgeniswesi

1. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs warmoad-gens aqtebi, sabuTebi, saqmiani da piradixasiaTis werilebi, romlebic Seicavs cno-bebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan garemoebaTaSesaxeb.2. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs sasamarT-

los warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem verSeZlo werilobiTi mtkicebulebaTa miRebaim pirisagan, visTanac es mtkicebulebebiimyofeba, mas SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasa-marTlos winaSe, raTa sasamarTlom gamo-iTxovos isini.3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxo-

vis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli pi-ri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu saqmis ramniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZle-ba am mtkicebulebiT da ras efuZneba misivaraudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTi-Tebuli piris xelTaa.4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxo-

vaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasa-buTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calkear gasaCivrdeba.

1. werilobiTia mtkicebuleba, romelic werilobi-Ti niSnebis gamoyenebiT Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvismniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis Sesaxeb. amiT igi gan-sxvavdeba nivTieri mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebicTavisi TvisebiT an xarisxiT Seicaven aseT cnobebs(154-e muxli).


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werilobiTi mtkicebuleba sxvadasxva saxisa da sxva-dasxva formis SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad: a) saqmiani Tupiradi werilebi, xelwerilebi da ubralo werilobiTiformiT Sedgenili dokumentebi; b) oficialuri for-misa da Sinaarsis aqtebi (magaliTad, dabadebis mowmo-ba, qorwinebis mowmoba da a. S.); g) notarialurad da-mowmebuli xelSekrulebebi da a.S.

2. damtkicebis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs (102-emuxli). am zogadi principidan gamomdinare, werilo-biTi mtkicebulebebi TviTon mxareebma unda warud-ginos sasamarTlos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxaremver miiRo werilobiTi masalebi fizikuri Tu iuridi-uli pirisagan, an ama Tu im saministrosagan, mas SeuZ-lia mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT (gancxade-biT), rom gamoiTxovos es werilobiTi masalebi. aseTSuamdgomlobebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom miuxe-davad araerTgzis mcdelobisa man ver miiRo es weri-lobiTi masalebi.

_ Suamdgomloba werilobiTi masalebis gamoTxovisSesaxeb unda aRiZras saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, rad-gan momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, sasamarTlom Se-iZleba ar daakmayofilos igi (215-e muxli).

3. 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili warmoadgens 104-e mux-liT damkvidrebul mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobisprincipis dakonkretebas, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarT-lom ar unda miiRos da ar unda gamoiTxovos iseTi mtki-cebuleba, romelsac ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.

mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvnelobaTu igi araa mimarTuli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaT-vis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis dadasturebisaken.amitom evaleba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs miuTi-Tos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba gamosaT-xovi werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT.

_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuliunda iyos: a) organo an piri, romelic valdebulia war-moadginos werilobiTi masalebi; b) am werilobiTi ma-

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salebis individualuri (ganmasxvavebeli) niSnebi; g)gadmogzavnis vada. es ganCineba SeiZleba xelze miecesdainteresebul mxares, rac daaCqarebda am masalebisgadmogzavnas. werilobiTi masalebi sasamarTlom un-da moiTxovos dednis saxiT (135-e muxli).

4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uarisTqmis ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes imiT, rom gare-moebas, romlis dadasturebac unda SuamdgomlobisaRmZvrel pirs, ar aqvs raime mniSvneloba saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis, an kidev, Suamdgomloba weri-lobiTi mtkicebulebebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sapatiomizezis gareSe aRZrulia saqmis momzadebis damTav-rebis Semdeg mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod am sxdomisdawyebis win (215-e muxli).

muxli 135. werilobiTimtkicebulebis dednis wardgena

werilobiTi mtkicebuleba, rogorc wesi,wardgenil unda iqnes dednis saxiT. Tuwardgenilia sabuTis asli, sasamarTlos,mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi inicia-tiviT, SeuZlia moiTxovos dednis wardge-na. piri SeiZleba ganTavisufldes dedniswardgenisagan mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tudaamtkicebs, rom aseTi sabuTis wardgenagarkveuli mizeziT, romelsac sasamarTlosafuZvlianad miiCnevs, SeuZlebelia. sabu-Tis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvne-lobis miniWeba damokidebulia sasamarT-los Sexedulebaze.

1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac teqnikis ganviTarebammiaRwia arnaxul masStabebs da dokumentis gayalbebaTiTqmis araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens. werilobi-Ti sabuTebis dednis saxiT warmodgenas sasamarTloSigansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos.


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_ imisaTvis, rom mxare dedani sabuTis wardgenis mo-valeobisagan ganTavisufldes, man unda daamtkicos,rom dedani sabuTi ganadgurda xanZrisagan, raime sti-qiuri movlenisagan da sxva.

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, mieniWos Tu ara sabuTis aslebsmtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia sasamar-Tlos mixedulebaze, romelmac am sakiTxis gadawyve-tis dros mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos mxareTa mosaz-rebebi.

amrigad, sabuTis aslis mtkicebulebad gamoyenebaar ikrZaleba, magram rogorc sworad miuTiTa saqarT-velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam ̀ sasamar-Tlos mixeduleba, romlis safuZvelzec sabuTis aslseniWeba mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba, unda iyos dasa-buTebuli, xolo mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvladudevs sasamarTlos mixedulebas, unda iyos asaxuligadawyvetilebaSi.22

_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis aslisaTvis mtkice-bulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavsimas, rom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faq-ti dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaiTvalos. sa-samarTlo afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs maTerTobliobaSi da Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ise rogorcdednis saxiT warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, ma-Ti aslebic sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos, rogorc ara-sarwmuno, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba saqmeSi arsebulsxva mtkicebulebebs.

muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTviswerilobiTi mtkicebulebebiswardgenis savaldebulooba

1. gamoTxovil werilobiT mtkicebule-bebs moqalaqeebi da iuridiuli pirebi ga-


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daugzavnian sasamarTlos daniSnul vada-Si. Tu maT ar SeuZliaT am vadaSi warad-ginon es sabuTebi, isini valdebulni arianacnobon sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb mizeze-bis miTiTebiT.2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTx-

vevaSi, rodesac werilobiTi mtkicebuleb-is wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxov-na arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasa-marTlo moqalaqes an sawarmos, dawesebuleb-is, organizaciis xelmZRvanels anda Sesa-bamis Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT.3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqala-

qes an Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs sasamar-Tlos mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi mtki-cebulebis wardgenis movaleobisagan.4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ganmeore-

biT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-lo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli ja-rimis xuTmagi odenobiT.5. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ward-

genaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobserT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rommtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlosSeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesax-eb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTa-visuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisa-gan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda dae-dasturebina da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisrosmxares, romelic uars ambobs werilobiTimtkicebulebis wardgenaze.

1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismie-ri Tanamdebobis piri, valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasa-marTlos mis mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi sabuTebi Tusxva masalebi amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.


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2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sanqcias aR-niSnuli movaleobis SeusruleblobisaTvis.

werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba ariTvleba Sesrulebulad da am muxliT gaTvaliswine-buli sanqcia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdeg Sem-TxvevebSi:

a) Tu pirma, romlisganac sasamarTlom gamoiTxovamtkicebuleba, ar gadaugzavna daniSnul vadaSi Seat-yobina sasamarTlos am vadaSi werilobiTi mtkicebule-bebis gadaugzavnelobis mizezebis Sesaxeb;

b) Tu Setyobineba marTalia gadaugzavna sasamarT-los, magram sasamarTlom arasapatiod miiCnia aseTi ma-salebis warudgenloba (mizezebi ris gamoc isini ariqnen wardgenilni).

3. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris),an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzav-na sasamarTlos gamoTxovili werilobiTi masalebi, ami-tom, sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkviosSesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs mi-uZRvis brali gamoTxovili masalebis gadaugzavnelo-baSi. amis garkvevisaTvis unda gaugzavnos SekiTxva or-ganizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelisaganacar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSu-alod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb.

_ ganCineba unda Seicavdes miTiTebas, rom ganmeo-rebiT werilobiTi masalebis warudgenlobis SemTxve-vaSi piri dajarimdeba xuTmagi odenobiT.

4. am muxlis me-5 nawils mxedvelobaSi yavs mxolodmxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukide-beli moTxovniT. Tu aseTi piri, sul erTia fizikuri,Tu iuridiuli piria igi, ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebu-leba masTan inaxeba, magram uars ambobs arasapatiomizeziT mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos,romelmac gamoiTxova es werilobiTi mtkicebuleba,SeuZlia ivaraudos faqti damtkicebulad werilobi-Ti mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRm-Zvreli piris sasargeblod da am varaudis gaqarwyle-

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bis mizniT mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, ro-melic uars ambobs mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi.

muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTissiyalbis Sesaxeb

1. mxares ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswarisasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis sta-diaze ganacxados, rom wardgenili sabuTiyalbia. aseTi gancxadeba mas SeuZlia gaa-keTos agreTve saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomazeganxilvis drosac, Tu es sabuTi wardge-nil iqna am sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an adrewardgenili sabuTis siyalbe misTvis cno-bili gaxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze.2. mtkicebulebis warmdgen mxares Seu-

Zlia sTxovos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebe-bidan sadavo sabuTis amoricxva da saqmisgadawyveta saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkice-bulebebis safuZvelze. aseTi Txovnisararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Seamow-mebs sabuTis namdvilobas, risTvisac Seu-Zlia daniSnos eqspertiza, moiTxovos dam-atebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena angamoiTxovos sxva mtkicebulebebi.3. Tu sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde,

rom wardgenili sabuTi yalbia, mas mtki-cebulebidan gamoricxavs.4. wardgenil werilobiT mtkicebuleba-

Ta namdvilobis Semowmeba SeiZleba sasa-marTlos iniciativiT.5. Tu dadasturebulia wardgenili sa-

buTis siyalbe, sasamarTlo gamoitans da-sabuTebul ganCinebas da am dokuments mi-si siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebu-lebebiT gadascems sagamoZiebo organoebs.


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1. sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTebadasaSvebia mxolod saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. mxo-lod or SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia mxares siyalbis Sesaxebgancxadeba gaakeTos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazepirveli, roca werilobiTi sabuTi wardgenili iqnamTavar sxdomaze da, cxadia, amitom gamoricxuli iyoam sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba mom-zadebis stadiaze da meore, roca sabuTis siyalbemisTvis cnobili gaxda swored am sxdomaze, rac manunda daudasturos sasamarTlos. Tu arcerT SemTx-vevas ar aqvs adgili, maSin sasamarTlo ar ganixilavssabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebas, ris Sesaxebacgamoitans ganCinebas, romelzec saCivris Setana ar Se-iZleba.

2. sabuTis siyalbis damtkicebis tvirTi ar ekisre-ba mxares, romelmac gaakeTa gancxadeba aseTi siyal-bis Sesaxeb. piriqiT, mxarem, romelmac es sabuTi war-moadgina, mas ekisreba am sabuTis namdvilobis damt-kicebis tvirTi. es imas niSnavs, rom werilobiTi sabu-Tis namdvilobis varaudi (prezumfcia) gaqarwyldebamowinaaRmdege mxaris ubralo gancxadebiT, rom igiyalbia.

_ sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi moixs-neba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare moiTxovs mis amo-ricxvas saqmis masalebidan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-lom unda amoricxos es sabuTi mtkicebulebebidan.mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba aseT amoricxvazesaWiro araa. magram, Tu mxare ar moiTxovs amas maSinsabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi ar moixsne-ba da unda Semowmdes da dadasturdes es namdvilobaam muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.

3. sabuTi unda amoiricxos mtkicebulebidan im Sem-TxvevaSic, roca misi namdviloba ver dadasturda dasasamarTlom CaTvala, rom igi yalbia.

4. sasamarTlo afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebu-lebebs uwinares yovlisa im TvalsazrisiT, ramdenadsarwmuno da utyuaria es mtkicebulebebi. ra Tqma un-

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da, mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gamoT-qvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am TvalsazrisiT. magrammtkicebulebaTa saboloo Sefaseba sasamarTlos pre-rogativaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sasamarTlos eWviepareba romelime mtkicebulebis namdvilobaSi, mas Se-uZlia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da saSualebebiT, maTSoris eqspertizis saSualebiT, Tavisi iniciativiTSeamowmos mtkicebuleba.

5. me-5 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas imisSesaxeb, rom sadavo sabuTis siyalbis dadasturebisSemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom gamoitanos motivirebuliganCineba da dokumenti, misi siyalbis damadasture-beli mtkicebulebebiT gadasces sagamoZiebo organo-ebs.

_ sasamarTlos ganCineba aris mxolod sisxlis sa-marTlis saqmis aRZvris safuZveli. am ganCinebas araqvs preiudiciuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gan-mxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis da arc sagamoZiebo orga-noebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sagamoZiebo organo-ebma da sisxlis samarTlis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlomSeiZleba sul sxva gadawyvetileba miiRon, vidre sa-moqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ganCinebi-Taa gansazRvruli.

_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mtkicebule-bis saxiT warmodgenili dokumentis siyalbis sa-kiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta, rac mimarTulia am do-kumentis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis gaqarwyle-bisaken da sarCelebi dokumentebis siyalbis dad-genis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxilvis Sedegad sasamar-Tlos gamoaqvs ara ganCineba, aramed gadawyvetile-ba (180-e muxli).


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muxli 138. werilobiTmtkicebulebaTa amonaweriswardgena da maTi daTvalierebaSenaxvis adgilze

sasamarTloSi sabuTebis wardgenis siZne-lisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiTxovos sa-Tanado wesiT Semowmebuli amonawerebiswardgena an moaxdinos werilobiT mtkice-bulebaTa daTvaliereba da gamokvleva ma-Ti Senaxvis adgilze.

1. damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisreba mxare-ebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudgi-non mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos, magram Tu sabuTe-bis simravlisa da gadatanis TvalsazrisiT es Znelia,sasamarTlo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze SeiZleba dak-mayofildes am sabuTebis saTanadod damowmebuli as-lebis warmodgeniT. Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba dadamowmeba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan _ es xarjebi un-da gaiRos mxareebma, Tu damowmebuli amonawerebis ga-keTeba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba. magram, Tu ase-Ti amonawerebis gakeTeba romelime mxaris iniciati-viT xdeba, maSin xarjebi winaswar unda gaiRos am mxa-rem.

_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba da ga-mokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze xdeba 120-126-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxvada dabruneba

saqmeSi arsebuli dedani sabuTebi sasa-marTloSi erTad inaxeba. aseTi sabuTebi,maTi warmdgenis TxovniT, SeiZleba daub-rundes masve, magram saqmeSi unda darCes

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mosamarTlis mier Semowmebuli dedanisabuTebis aslebi.

- am muxlSi laparakia mxolod dedani sabuTebisdabrunebaze, romlebic SeiZleba daubrundes amsabuTebis warmdgens mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanon-ier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.

- aseTi sabuTebi SeiZleba daubrundes maT warmomd-gen pirs gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde an mis kanonierZalaSi Sesvlamdec, Tu maTi dabrunebiT ziani ar mi-adgeba saqmis ganxilvisa da miRebuli gadawyvetileb-is zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier Semowme-bis interesebs.

_ Tu dedani sabuTebi ubrundeba maT warmdgens, sa-samarTlo valdebulia gadaiRos aslebi, daamowmosisini mosamarTlem da Seinaxos sasamarTloSi (daur-Tos saqmes). dedani sabuTebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzeckerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.


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T a v i XVIII

mowmeTa Gveneba

muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba

1. mowmed SeiZleba iyos yoveli piri, rom-lisTvisac cnobilia raime garemoeba saq-mis Sesaxeb.2. mowme SeiZleba gamocxaddes sasamarT-

loSi dainteresebuli mxaris meSveobiT.3. mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasa-

marTlos winaSe ama Tu im piris mowmeddaSvebisa da dakiTxvis, agreTve misi sasa-marTlos meSveobiT gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb,valdebulia miuTiTos misi saxeli, gvarida sacxovrebeli adgili, agreTve is, TusaqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ra garemoe-bis dadastureba SeuZlia mowmes.4. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas ga-

moZaxebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze an ar gamo-iZaxos igi, Tu cnobs, rom garemoebebs,romelTa dasadasturebladac iZaxeben mow-mes, ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmis ar-sebiTad gadawyvetisaTvis.

1. zogadi principis Tanaxmad mowmed SeiZleba iyosnebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamar-Tlos cnobebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.

gamonaklisebs am zogadi wesidan gansazRvravs ka-noni, romlis Tanaxmad pirma SeiZleba icodes saqmisgaremoebis Sesaxeb, magram miuxedavad amisa ar SeiZ-leba, gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis saxiT(141-e muxli).

2. mowme SeiZleba daasaxelos mxarem. sasamarTlos(mosamarTles) ar SeuZlia TviTon daasaxelos mowme,gamouZaxos da dakiTxos igi.

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mowmis dasaxeleba mxares SeuZlia saqmis momzade-bis stadiaze (201-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ̀ v~ qvepunqti).

_ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod sa-samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod misi dawyebiswin, mowmis dasaxeleba da Suamdgomloba misi gamoZa-xebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares ar hqonda sapa-tio mizezi, ris gamoc ver SeZlo misi droulad dasa-xeleba (215-e muxli).

3. mowmis dasaxelebis droisaTvis sasamarTlom un-da icodes mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnebisa da Sesa-geblis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, aqedan gamomdinare,sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqci-os imas, Tu romeli faqtis dadasturebis mizniT Suam-dgomlobs mxare mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis Se-saxeb. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom am faqts ara aqvs saqmis ga-dawyvetisaTvis raime mniSvneloba, sasamarTlom uariunda uTxras mxares mowmis gamoZaxebaze.

_ mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec arSeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (104-e muxli).

_ mowmis gamoZaxeba warmoebs 70-e -78-e muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT.

muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic arSeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed

mowmed yvela SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZlebagamoZaxebul da dakiTxul iqnes:a) piri, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri an

fsiqikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia sworedaRiqvas faqtebi da misces maT Sesaxeb swo-ri Cveneba;b) sasuliero piri _ im garemoebaTa Sesa-

xeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros;g) warmomadgenlebi samoqalaqo saqmeebsa

da damcvelebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeeb-ze _ iseT garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, rom-


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lebic maTTvis cnobili gaxda maT mierwarmomadgenlis an damcvelis movaleobisSesrulebisas.

141-e muxlis ̀ a~ da ̀ b~qvepunqtebis mimarT unda iT-qvas igive, rac ukve iTqva 129-e muxlis komentirebi-sas.

g) warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris advokatebi (damcve-lebi), damoukideblad imisa, sisxlis Tu samoqalaqosaqmeebze gamodiodnen isini, ar SeiZleba mowmed iq-nen dakiTxuli mxolod iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, ro-melic cnobili gaxda maTTvis TavianTi profesiulisaqmianobis Sesrulebis wyalobiT. rac Seexeba sxvafaqtebs da garemoebebs, isini SeiZleba dakiTxul iq-nen rogorc mowmeebi, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi ver ga-movlen mxaris warmomadgenlad procesSi. mowmisa dawarmomadgenlis (advokatis) funqciis SeTavseba ar Se-iZleba.

muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uarisTqmis ufleba

1. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebaaqvT:a) mxareTa meuRleebs;b) axlo naTesavebs _ Svilebs, SviliSvi-

lebs, Zmebs, debs, mSoblebs, mSvileblebs,Svilobilebs, mzrunvelebs, meurveebs, be-biebs, papebs;g) pirebs, romlebic TavianTi samsaxu-

rebrivi mdgomareobis gamo valdebulni ari-an daicvan saidumloeba, Tu isini ganTavi-suflebulni ar arian am movaleobisagan.2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma dasaSve-

bia, Tu Cvenebis micema gamoiwvevs mowmisan misi axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlissa-marTlebrivi devnis dawyebas an miayenebsmaT qonebriv zians

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1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxad-des sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. am valde-bulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia pa-suxismgebloba (145-e muxli).

aseTi valdebulebisagan Tavisufldebian pirebi,romlebisTvisac Tumca cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvne-lobis mqone garemoebebi, magram ganekuTvnebian im pir-Ta kategorias, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis pir-vel nawilSi, maT Soris pirebi, romlebic valdebuliarian daicvan saidumloeba (ix. 129-e muxlis ̀ g~ qvepun-qtis komentari).

2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil pirebs uf-leba aqvT uari Tqvan Cvenebis micemaze mxolod im pi-robiT, Tu es gamoiwvevs mis an axlo naTesavis mimarTsisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvras, an miayenebs maT qo-nebriv zians. magaliTad, axlo naTesav mowmes uflebaaqvs ar misces Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom xanZari gamow-veuli iyo misi mSoblis uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, ra-sac moyva mosarCelis qonebis ganadgureba da a. S. mag-ram Tu mowmes SeuZlia daadasturos nasyidobis, qi-ravnobis, sesxis da a. S. xelSekruleba _ es ar SeiZlebaganvixiloT rogorc qonebrivi zianis miyeneba misi ax-lo naTesavisaTvis, amitom, aseTi garemoebebis Sesa-xeb mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba (143-e muxlis ̀ a~qvepunqti).

_ Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma damajereblad undadaasabuTos mowmem (144-e muxli).

muxli 143. Cvenebis micemisvaldebuleba Cvenebis micemazeuaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad

Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebismiuxedavad piri valdebulia misces Cvene-ba, Tu:a) saWiroa dadasturdes garigeba, rom-


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lis dadebisas igi miwveuli iyo mowmed;b) gasarkvevia ojaxis wevris dabadebis,

daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi;g) ama Tu im samarTlebrivi urTierTobe-

bis damyarebisas igi moqmedebda, rogorcerT-erTi mxaris warmomadgeneli.

1. es muxli Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis amomwuravCamonaTvals, rodesac Tumca arsebobs Cvenebis mice-maze uaris Tqmis ufleba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 142-e muxliT, magram miuxedavad amisa piri valdebuliamisces Cveneba.

aseTi SemTxvevebia:a) roca saWiroa dadasturdes iseTi garigeba, rom-

lis dadebisas piri miwveuli iyo mowmed.`sanotaro moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb~

instruqciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, mowmeTa daswrebasavaldebuloa, Tu dasamowmebelia aqti, romlis erT-erTi monawile aris yru-munji, yru, brma, werakiTxvisarmcodne. mowmeTa daswreba savaldebuloa im SemTx-vevaSic, roca daswrebas moiTxovs notariusi an sano-taro aqtis romelime monawile. imave muxliT gansazR-vrulia, Tu vin ar SeiZleba iyos mowme. instruqciis25-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ d~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad,sanotaro aqtSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli ̀ sa-notaro aqtis yvela monawilis (maT Soris mowmis, Tar-jimnis) saxeli, gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, sac-xovrebeli adgili da sxva~.

_ amrigad, sasamarTloSi dasadasturebeli garige-ba unda Seicavdes cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin eswre-boda am garigebis dadebisas mowmed. es pirebi valde-buli arian gamocxaddnen sasamarTloSi da miscen Cve-neba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca aqvT ufleba ar miscenCveneba sasamarTlos (142-e muxli).

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Cvenebis micemaze ua-ris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri marTalia nebiT Tu uneb-lieT eswreboda garigebis dadebas, magram ara rogorc

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mowme da, amitom, igi arcaa moxseniebuli am garigebaSirogorc mowme. aseT SemTxvevaSi es piri, romelic sar-geblobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, araavaldebuli misces Cveneba, radgan igi ar iyo mowveulirogorc mowme. amitom, sasamarTlosaTvis Cvenebis mi-cema am piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli.

b) roca saWiroa gairkves ojaxis wevris dabadebis,daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi.

es qvepunqti Seicavs im faqtiuri garemoebebis amom-wurav CamonaTvals, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis da-dasturebis mizniT SeiZleba daikiTxos Cvenebis mice-maze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri (142-e muxli).

g) roca piri moqmedebda rogorc warmomadgeneli.samoqalaqo kodeqsis 103-e muxlis Tanaxmad ̀ garigebaSeiZleba daidos warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, andawarmoiSoba davalebis (mindobiloba) safuZvelze~.

kanonieri warmomadgenlis mowmed dakiTxvis sakiT-xi ar dgas maSin, roca isini qmeduunaro an SezRudulqmedunarianobis mqone piris uflebebs TviTon icaven.aseT SemTxvevaSi isini gvevlineba mxareebad da maT-gan SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba (101-e muxli).

magram, roca garigebas debs warmomadgeneli dava-lebis (mindobilobis) safuZvelze, maSin es warmomad-geneli kidec rom sargeblobdes Cvenebis micemaze ua-ris Tqmis uflebiT, mainc valdebulia misces CvenebasasamarTlos am garigebis dadebasTan dakavSirebul sa-kiTxebze.

muxli 144. mowmis movaleobadaasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebismicemaze

mowmem, romelic uars ambobs Cvenebis mi-cemaze, unda daasabuTos es uari. sakiTxiimis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara mowmes ufleba,uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, saboloodgadawydeba sasamarTlos mier.


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1. piris gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvsar misces Cveneba ar kmara. man unda daasabuTos (daa-dasturos), rom aseTi ufleba aqvs. Cvenebis micemazeuaris Tqmis uflebis dadastureba- damtkicebis tvir-Ti ekisreba pirs, romelic aseT uflebaze akeTebs gan-cxadebas. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dasaxelebuli piriacxadebs, rom igi romelime mxaris axlo naTesavia, un-da warmoudginos sasamarTlos amis damadasturebelidokumenti (142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ b~ qvepunq-ti), an kidev, daasabuTos, rom Cvenebis micema konkre-tuli faqtis mimarT gamoiwvevs uSualod mis an misiaxlo naTesavi mxaris mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasu-xismgeblobas da a. S. (142-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

2. Tu ramdenad SeZlo mowmed dasaxelebulma pirmadaemtkicebina da damajereblad daedasturebina Ta-visi ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, saboloodafasebs da wyvets sasamarTlo.

mowmed dasaxelebuli piris Cvenebis micemisagan ga-Tavisuflebis, an aseT gaTavisuflebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec arSeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba

1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebuliagamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swo-ri Cveneba. mowmis sasamarTloSi arasapa-tio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxveva-Si igi dajarimdeba 50 lariT. sasamarT-lom SeiZleba daadginos mowmis iZulebiTimoyvana.2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da gan-

zrax araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis mow-mes SeiZleba daekisros sisxlis samarTlispasuxismgebloba.

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1. mowmed dabarebul pirs, agreTve mowmed dasaxe-lebul pirs, romelsac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ar aqvsufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze (144-e muxli),ekisreba ori saxis movaleoba: a) gamocxaddes sasamar-TloSi daniSnul dros da b) misces swori Cveneba.

2. am movaleobaTa Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia aramarto samoqalaqo saproceso sanqciiT, aramed sisx-lis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT, rac gaTvaliswine-bulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-eda 371-e muxlebiT.

muxli 146. mowmis ufleba

1. mowmes ufleba aqvs moiTxovos sasa-marTloSi gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebulixarjebis anazRaureba kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT.2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daavalos mxa-

res, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac gamoZaxe-bulia mowme, winaswar gadaixados mowmissasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvas-Tan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. aseT SemTxve-vaSi mowmes gamoiZaxebs sasamarTlo mas Sem-deg, rac mxare Seasrulebs aRniSnuli xar-jebis gadaxdis movaleobas.

1. mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da mis sasamarTloSi gamoc-xadebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebis anazRau-rebas iTvaliswinebs 45-e muxlis pirveli da me-3 nawi-lebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

2. Tu mowme mimarTavs sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT,rom mas es xarjebi winaswar gadauxadon da sasamarT-lo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, maSin mas gamoaqvs gan-Cineba aseTi xarjebis im mxarisagan winaswari gadaxdisSesaxeb, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe ammowmis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.

Tu mxarem ar gadaixada ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli xar-


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jebi daniSnul vadaSi, maSin sasamarTlo ar gamoiZaxebsmowmes an gamoiZaxebs, oRond im pirobiT, Tu es ar ga-moiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas da mTavarisxdomis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas.

mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da dakiTxvasTan dakavSire-buli xarjebis dagvianebiT gadaxda ar SeiZleba gamo-yenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.

muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva misadgilsamyofelze

mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs Ria sasamarT-lo sxdomaze. mowme SeiZleba daikiTxosmis adgilsamyofelze, Tu:a) avadmyofobis, moxucebulobis, invali-

dobis an sxva sapatio mizeziT mas ar Se-uZlia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi;b) saqmis garemoebaTa mixedviT misi ad-

gilze dakiTxva ufro mizanSewonilia.g) dakiTxul unda iqnes ramdenime mowme,

romlebic erT adgilas cxovroben da maTisasamarTloSi gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva da-kavSirebuli iqneboda did xarjebTan;d) sxva SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos Sexe-

dulebisamebr.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs mowmis dakiTxvis or ad-gilmdebareobas: pirveli _ mowme unda daikiTxos sa-samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze. es imas niSnavs, rom mow-me ar SeiZleba daikiTxos saqmis winaswari momzadebiswesiT da meore _ mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos misi faq-tobrivi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT am muxlis ̀ a~, ̀ b~da ̀ g~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. amSemTxvevebis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi da sasamar-Tlos SeuZlia mowmis dakiTxva misi adgilsamyofelismixedviT, Tu es ufro mizanSewonilia.

_ mowmis misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTx-

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vis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSicgarda Cveulebrivi rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli undaiyos misi dakiTxvis adgili (misamarTi) da dro.

_ mowmis dakiTxva unda moxdes kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT (148-e muxli), romelic kerZod, iTvaliswinebsmxareebis mier mowmisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis ufle-bas. amitom, mowmis adgilze dakiTxvis Sesaxeb auci-leblad unda ecnobos mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadeblo-ba mowmis dakiTxvas ver daabrkolebs.

_ ganCineba mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT da-kiTxvis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.

muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva

1. yoveli mowme calke unda daikiTxos.mowmeebi, romlebsac jer ar miuciaT Cve-neba, ar unda iyvnen sasamarTlo sxdomisdarbazSi. dakiTxuli mowmeebi rCebian sa-samarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi saqmis gan-xilvis damTavrebamde da ar SeuZliaT ga-vidnen darbazidan sasamarTlos nebarTvisgareSe.2. mowmis dakiTxva iwyeba misi pirovnebis

garkveviT (saxeli, gvari, sacxovrebeli dasaqmianobis adgili da a. S.). amis SemdegsasamarTlo arkvevs mowmis damokidebule-bas saqmeSi monawile pirebTan da winada-debiT mimarTavs mas acnobos sasamarTlosyvelaferi, rac misTvis piradad cnobiliasaqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.3. mowme Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmos-

cems yovelives, rac man icis am garemoeba-Ta Sesaxeb. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZlebamieces mas SekiTxvebi.4. pirvelad SekiTxvas aZlevs mxare, rom-

lis iniciativiTac daibares mowme an mxa-ris warmomadgeneli, Semdeg _ mowinaaRmde-


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ge mxare an misi warmomadgeneli, konkre-tuli SekiTxvis micemis mizanSewonilobissakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo.5. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxva misces

mowmes dakiTxvis yvela momentSi.

1. mowmeTa calke dakiTxvis mniSvneloba SeiZlebamdgomareobdes imaSi, rom ar moaxdinon gavlena erT-maneTze Cvenebis micemisas. dakiTxuli mowmis sxdo-mis damTavrebamde darbazSi yofnas ki SeiZleba is mniS-vneloba hqondes, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes misi gan-meorebiT dakiTxva an sxva mowmeebTan dapirispireba(149-e muxli).

2. mowmis pirovnebis garkveva aucilebelia ara mxo-lod imisaTvis, rom icodes sasamarTlom da mxareebmavis dakiTxvas apireben, aramed SeimuSaos am mowmis da-kiTxvis taqtika. mowmis damokidebulebis garkvevasmxareebTan (megobroba, daintereseba saqmis SedegiTda a. S.) aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis mniSvneloba misi Cve-nebis Sefasebis dros. dakiTxvis dawyebis win sasamar-Tlo afrTxilebs mowmes araswori Cvenebis micemisaT-vis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. aseTi gafrTxileba Se-dis oqmSi, razec xels awers mowme.

3. mowmis dakiTxvis dawyeba SekiTxvebis micemiT da-uSvebelia. SekiTxvebi mowmes SeiZleba mieces mxolodmas Semdeg, rodesac Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscemsyvelafers, rac icis saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.

SekiTxvebis micemis aucilebloba ganpirobebuliaimiT, rom Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmocemuli Cveneba,rogorc wesi, araa yovelTvis sruli. am xarvezis Sev-sebas da Cvenebis dakonkretebas emsaxureba SekiTx-vebis micema. sasamarTlom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar un-da dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema mowmisaTvis, sanam igiar daamTavrebs Txrobas.

4. sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda daicvas SekiTx-vebis micemis rigiToba, romelic dadgenilia am mux-lis me-4 nawiliT. amasTan erTad, Tu mxaris mier mowmi-

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saTvis dasmuli SekiTxva ar emsaxureba saqmisaTvismniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis garkvevas, sasamarT-lom unda moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva (221-e muxli).

5. SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba mo-samarTleze. mas SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowmes nebis-mier dros, maT Soris pirvelma.

muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiTdakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba

sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamdgom-lobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT meored da-kiTxos mowme, agreTve moaxdinos mowmeTadapirispireba maTs CvenebaSi winaaRmdego-baTa gasarkvevad.

1. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis aucilebloba xSirad gan-pirobebulia imiT, rom mowmis Cveneba SeusabamobaSiaan ewinaaRmdegeba sxva mowmeTa Cvenebas an, saerTod,saqmeSi arsebul masalebs. sasamarTlo am Seusabamo-bis moxsnis mizniT iRebs ganCinebas mowmis ganmeore-biT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. igive garemoebiTaa ganpirobe-buli mowmeTa dapirispirebac, ris Sesaxebac sasamar-Tlo iRebs agreTve ganCinebas.

mowmeTa ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebisSesaxeb SeiZleba iSuamdgomlos mxareebmac.

ise rogorc mowmis dakiTxva, ganmeorebiT dakiTxvada mowmeTa dapirispireba SeiZleba moxdes (Tu amis au-cileblobaa) erT-erTi mowmis adgilsamyofelis mi-xedviT.

2. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis miz-nidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom winaswar unda gansaz-Rvros aseTi dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis taqtika dawesi. mowmeebs mizanSewonilia winaswar ganemartos gan-meorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis mizani. mowme-ebs unda mieces winadadeba miscen Cveneba im erTi daigive garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis mimarT maTi pirvel-


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dawyebiTi Cveneba ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amis Sem-deg maT SeiZleba dausvan SekiTxvebi im rigis mixed-viT, romelic gansazRvrulia 148-e muxliT.

3. sasamarTlos ganCineba mowmis ganmeorebiT da-kiTxvisa Tu dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, an aseT saproce-so moqmedebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.

muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiTsargebloba

mowme Cvenebas aZlevs zepirad, magram masSeuZlia isargeblos CanawerebiT, Tu misiCveneba dakavSirebulia raime cifrobrivan sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan.es Canawerebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT ansasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba daer-Tos saqmes.

_ damoukideblad imisa, mowmis dakiTxva warmoebssasamarTlo davalebis wesiT, misi adgilsamyofelismixedviT, Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze _ mowmeyovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepirad. mas SeuZlia mxo-lod isargeblos CanawerebiT da im pirobiT, Tu es Ca-nawerebi dakavSirebulia cifrobriv an sxva Znelad da-samaxsovrebel cnobebTan (magaliTad, man unda miscescnobebi, Tu konkretulad vin monawileobda an eswre-boda sazogadoebis krebas da am krebis romelma mona-wilem sinamdvileSi ra mosazreba gamoTqva da a. S.).

_ CanawerebiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT,rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, romlis Tanaxmadmowme yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepiri formiT. Ca-nawerebiT sargebloba ar niSnavs Cvenebis werilobiTiformiT gadmocemas. sasamarTlom unda aRkveTos we-rilobiTi CanawerebiT sargebloba Tu es Canawerebi arSeesabameba 150-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebs,e.i. ar ganekuTvneba cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasa-maxsovrebel gaangariSebebsa da cnobebs.

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mowmis mier Cvenebis zepirad micema qmnis STabeW-dilebas, rom mowme iZleva faqtis Sesaxeb iseT infor-macias, rac man uSualod aRiqva da ara iseT Cvenebas,romelic mxaris SegonebiTaa nakarnaxevi.

muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmisdakiTxvaze

mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas im mowmis da-kiTxvaze, romlis gamoZaxebasa da dakiTx-vaze TviTon iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos wi-naSe. meore mxares SeuZlia iSuamdgomlossasamarTlos winaSe, rom gamocxadebulimowme dakiTxul iqnes, xolo Tu dakiTxvadawyebulia _ gagrZeldes. aseT SemTxvevaSimowme unda daikiTxos.

1. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlo-bas mis mier dasaxelebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu mowinaaRm-dege mxare Tanaxma iqneba amaze. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-vaSi mowme unda daikiTxos.

muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmisdakiTxva

1. 14 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvisas,xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT _ 14-dan18 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvis drosac,SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, auci-leblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvionagreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebian mzrunvelebi. aRniSnul pirebs, sasamar-Tlos nebarTviT, SeuZliaT miscen mowmesSekiTxvebi.2. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es aucile-

belia swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis misa-


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Rebad, arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvisdros sasamarTlos winadadebiT sxdomis dar-bazidan SeiZleba romelime mxaris gayvana.sxdomis darbazSi am mxaris dabrunebis Sem-deg mas unda ecnobos arasrulwlovani mow-mis Cveneba da mieces SesaZlebloba daus-vas mowmes SekiTxvebi.3. mowme, romelsac 16 weli ar Sesrule-

bia, dakiTxvis Semdeg tovebs sasamarTlosxdomis darbazs, garda im SemTxvevisa, ro-desac sasamarTlo aucileblad miiCnevs ammowmis darCenas sxdomis darbazSi.

1. 152-e muxliT gansazRvruli wesebis dacva aras-rulwlovani mowmeebis dakiTxvis dros, rogoricaa pe-dagogis mowveva (rogorc savaldebulo), agreTve au-cileblobis SemTxvevaSi kanonieri warmomadgenlis(mSoblebis, mSvileblebis, meurveebis, mzrunvelebis)mowveva, sxdomis darbazidan romelime mxaris gayvanada a. S. ganpirobebulia erTi umTavresi mizniT _ aras-rulwlovani mowmisagan Tavisufali, swori da gul-wrfeli Cvenebis miRebiT.

amitom, am muxliT dadgenili wesebi ganuxrelad un-da Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier.

muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba

1. mowmis mier ficis dadeba SeiZlebamoxdes mxolod maSin, Tu mis Cvenebas ga-damwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxareTa SoriswamoWrili davis gadawyvetisaTvis da sa-samarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.2. ficis dadeba xdeba dakiTxvis Semdeg.3. fics ar deben 16 wels miuRweveli

pirebi.4. ficis dadebis win sasamarTlom unda

auxsnas mowmes ficis mniSvnelobisa da wi-

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naswarganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbiCvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis sa-marTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.5. religiuri mniSvnelobis mqone ficis

dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mi-marTavs mowmes:`daificeT yovlisSemZle da yovlismcodne

RmerTis winaSe, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiTTqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagi-malavT~.amaze mowme upasuxebs:`vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli!~6. arareligiuri mniSvnelobis mqone fi-

ci daideba Semdegnairad:mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:`daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT

TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagi-malavT~.mowme upasuxebs:`vficav~.7. Tu mowme acxadebs, rom igi Tavisi

rwmenisa Tu sxva mosazrebaTa gamo uarsambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin man TavisiCveneba unda misces ficis Semcvleli da-dasturebiT. aseTi dadastureba Semdegna-irad xorcieldeba:mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:`adasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe

pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT, rom TqvenTqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagi-malavT?~.mowme upasuxebs: `diax, vadastureb~.

1. ficis dadeba mowmis mier SeiZleba moxdes ro-gorc TviT mowmis iniciativiT, ise mxaris Suamdgom-lobiT da sasamarTlos iniciativiT.

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, imisaTvis rom mowmes mieces


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ficis dadebis SesaZlebloba ori garemoebis erTd-roulad arsebobaa aucilebeli: erTi _ mowmis Cve-nebas unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba davis ga-dawyvetisaTvis, magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebazea damo-kidebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba, an mis dakmayofi-lebaze uaris Tqma da meore _ ficis dadebas sasamar-Tlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. magaliTad, mowmis Cve-nebas imis Sesaxeb, rom misi TandaswrebiT mopasuxemmiuTvala sesxad aRebuli Tanxa mosarCeles, aqvs ga-damwyveti mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. amitom, Tu sasa-marTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, am mowmes SeiZle-ba mosTxovos ficis dadeba.

2. fsiqologiis mecnierebis monacemebiT TviTonfaqti piris mowmis saxiT sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisaSTamagonebel zegavlenas axdens am pirze. miT umetesaseTi zegavlena Zlierdeba, roca mowmes afrTxile-ben sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. mag-ram, roca mas RmerTis winaSec aficeben, ar aris gamo-ricxuli aseTma pirma saerTod ganacxados, rom ara-feri saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar icis da amitomverc miscems maT Sesaxeb raime Cvenebas. amitom, ficisdadebis momenti, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewoniladCaTvlis, unda moxdes mxolod Cvenebis micemis Sem-deg da im wesiT, rogorc es am muxlis me-5 nawilSia Ca-moyalibebuli.

3. religiuri, Tu arareligiuri ficis dadeba (me-5da me-6 punqtebi) an kidev Tavisi rwmenis gamo, ficisdadebaze uarisTqma (me-7 nawili), ar aTavisuflebssasamarTlos Seafasos mowmis Cveneba Tavisi Sinaga-ni rwmeniT. ficiT dadasturebuli mowmis Cveneba sa-samarTlom SeiZleba sarwmunod miiCnios. swored am mo-sazrebiT SeiZleboda exelmZRvanela kanonmdebels,rodesac am muxlis me-4 nawiliT miuTiTa imis Sesaxeb,rom sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis dadebiswin ̀ winaswar ganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cve-nebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-mgeblobis Sesaxeb~.

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amrigad, kanonmdebeli ar gamoricxavs yalbi Cvene-bis ficis meSveobiT dadasturebis SesaZleblobas. esimas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda Seafasos mowmisCveneba misi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT yvela SemTx-vevaSi, gamonaklisis gareSe.


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T a v i XIX

nivTieri mtkicebuleba

muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani,maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi

1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebia is nivTebi,romlebic Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Ta-visi arsebobiT warmoadgenen saqmisaTvismniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenissaSualebas.2. nivTier mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos

warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlonivTieri mtkicebulebis miReba im pirisa-gan, visac xelTa aqvs igi, mxares SeuZliaiSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe misi ga-moTxovis Sesaxeb.3. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Se-

saxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri val-debulia aRniSnos, saqmis ra mniSvnelovanigaremoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebu-lebiT, aRweros es nivTi da miuTiTos, rasefuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebulebamis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze

uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTosTavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasa-Civrdeba.

1. 154-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia nivTierimtkicebulebis cnebis gansazRvreba. Tu werilobiTimtkicebuleba werilobiTi niSnebisa da cifrebis ga-moyenebiT gvawvdis cnobebs (maTi amokiTxvis saSuale-biT) faqtebis Sesaxeb (134-e muxli), nivTieri mtkice-bulebebi aseT cnobebs gvawvdis Tavisi xarisxiT, Tvi-sebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT. magaliTad, sadavoa gada-

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cemuli nivTis xarisxi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 488-e mux-li). am SemTxvevaSi es nivTi aris nivTieri mtkicebu-leba. an kidev, romelime dokumentze amoSlilia (ga-dafxekilia) xelmowera. am SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtki-cebuleba iqneba es dokumenti da a. S.

2. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dam-tkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Se-sasruleblad mxareebma unda waradginon mtkicebule-bebi. aqedan gamomdinare, nivTieri mtkicebulebebiswardgenis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs. mxarem SeiZle-ba sTxovos sasamarTlos TviTon gamoiTxovos nivTie-ri mtkicebuleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man uSua-lod ver SeZlo misi miReba im pirisagan, romelTanaces mtkicebulebebi inaxeba.

3. ise rogorc yvela sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa sa-samarTloSi wardgenis dros, mxare romelic Txovs sa-samarTlos miiRos misgan nivTieri mtkicebuleba, angamoiTxovos igi, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu saqmisaT-vis mniSvnelobis romeli garemoebis dadastureba Se-iZleba am mtkicebulebiT. es aris mtkicebulebaTagankuTvnadobis (104-e muxli) principis erT-erTikonkretuli gamovlineba.

Tu garemoebas (faqts), romlis dasadasturebladacmxare Suamdgomlobs nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoT-xovaze, ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis, sasamarTlomuari unda Tqvas mis gamoTxovaze.

4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxova-ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine-ba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba (104-emuxli).

muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsacunda waredginos nivTierimtkicebuleba

gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba fi-zikurma da iuridiulma pirebma unda ga-


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daugzavnon uSualod sasamarTlos daniS-nul vadaSi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia agreTvenivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Su-amdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs misces ufle-ba miiRos sabuTi sasamarTloSi warsadge-nad.

_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuliunda iyos nivTebis dasaxeleba da misi sasamarTloSiwardgenis vada.

mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoTxovili nivTieri mtki-cebuleba unda gadaegzavnos uSualod im sasamarTlos,romelmac igi gamoiTxova. Tu es SesaZlebelia da sasa-marTlos dasaSvebad miaCnia, mas SeuZlia gamoTxovilinivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebis ufleba misces mis ga-moTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs am mtkice-bulebis sasamarTloSi Semdgomi warmodgenis mizniT.

_ Tu fizikuri an iuridiuli piri sasamarTlos mi-er daniSnul vadaSi ver asrulebs davalebas, man undaSeatyobinos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos. winaaRmdeg Sem-TxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis fizikur pirsan iuridiuli piris Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs, visibraliTac ar gadaigzavna gamoTxovili nivTieri mtki-cebuleba. dajarimeba arc pirveladi da arc ganmeo-rebiTi ar aTavisuflebs pirs nivTieri mtkicebule-bis sasamarTloSi wardgenisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-samarTlom unda mimarTos iuridiuli piris zemdgomorganos an TviTon iZulebiTi wesiT (policiis daxma-rebiT) amoiRos es mtkicebulebebi. (ix. 156-e muxliskomentari

muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebiswardgenis movaleoba

1. fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirebi val-debulni arian sasamarTlos acnobon imis

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Sesaxeb, rom ara aqvT saSualeba waradgi-non gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebulebaan waradginon igi sasamarTlos mier da-niSnul vadaSi.2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTx-

vevaSi, rodesac nivTieri mtkicebulebiswardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovnaarasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasa-marTlo Sesabamis fizikur an iuridiulipiris Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 la-riT.3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqala-

qes an saTanado Tanamdebobis pirs sasa-marTlos mier gamoTxovili nivTis wardge-nis movaleobisagan.4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT

warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aja-rimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimisxuTmagi odenobiT.

1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismi-eri Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia gadaugzavnos sa-samarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebu-leba amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.

_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniS-nos gamosaTxovi nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmasxvave-beli niSnebi, agreTve dro, romlis ganmavlobaSiac isi-ni wardgenili unda iqnes sasamarTloSi, gafrTxilebaimis Sesaxeb, rom droulad acnobon sasamarTlos maTiwarudgenlobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos mi-TiTeba, rom Tu sasamarTlos moTxovna nivTis wardge-nis Sesaxeb ar Sesruldeba iseTi mizeziT, romelsacsasamarTlo arasapatiod miiCnevs _ Sesabamisi piri da-jarimdeba 50 lariT, xolo am mtkicebulebis ganmeo-rebiT warudgenlobisaTvis _ pirveli jarimis xuTma-gi odenobiT.


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2. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris)an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzav-na sasamarTlos gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba.

_ sasamarTlom jer kidev dajarimebamde Tavisi ini-ciativiT unda gaarkvios Sesabamisi organizaciis ro-meli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovilimasalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amisaTvis is gadaugzav-nis SekiTxvas organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xel-mZRvanelidanac ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamo-aqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarime-bis Sesaxeb.

3. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ganmeorebiT daja-rimebis Semdegac ar iqneba gadmogzavnili, maSin sasa-marTlo amoiRebs maT policiis meSveobiT, an moaxdensmaT daTvalierebas adgilze (159-e muxli).

muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTierimtkicebulebis wardgenaze uarisTqma

Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenazearasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs erT-erTimxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom mtkice-buleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos SeuZliamtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgo-mlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos imfaqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic ammtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina, daaseTi tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelicuars ambobs mis xelT arsebuli nivTierimtkicebulebis wardgenaze.

_ 157-e muxls mxedvelobaSi yavs mxare _ mosarCe-le, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.Tu aseTi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar uaryofs, romnivTieri mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram arasapa-tio mizeziT uars ambobs warudginos igi sasamarTlos,

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maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ivaraudos damtkicebu-lad is faqti, romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Su-amdgomlobda mis gamoTxovas da am varaudis gasaqar-wyleblad mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares,romelic uars ambobs am nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasa-marTloSi wardgenaze.

muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTaSemowmeba

1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi waredginebamxareebs (warmomadgenlebs). maT SeuZliaTgaecnon daTvalierebis oqmebs. mxareebs Se-uZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi amnivTier mtkicebulebaTa Tu maTi daTva-lierebis oqmebis Sesaxeb.2. mxareebs mTavar sxdomaze SeuZliaT

iSuamdgomlon sasamarTlos winaSe, nivTi-er mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis mizniT da-niSnos eqspertiza, Tu aseTi Suamdgomlo-ba sapatio mizeziT ar iyo maT mier aRZru-li saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sapatiomizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e mux-lis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.3. eqspertizis daniSvna nivTier mtkice-

bulebaTa gamokvlevis mizniT sasamarTlosSeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac.

1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini ar erTvis saq-mes, rac xSirad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis xa-siaTis, Sinaarsis Tu moculobis gamo, SeiZleba uSua-lod daaTvalieros mxarem maTi Senaxvis mdebareobisadgilze, Tu igi ar monawileobda maT daTvaliereba-Si, roca amas sasamarTlo awarmoebda, agreTve gaec-nos daTvalierebis oqmebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mo-sazrebebi.

2. yovelgvari Suamdgomloba da maT Soris mxareTa


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Suamdgomloba nivTieri mtkicebulebis SemowmebismizniT eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRiZ-ras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.mogvianebiT aseTi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba ganixilossasamarTlom mxolod sapatio mizezis arsebobisas(215-e muxli).

3. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba sasamarTlos prero-gativaa. cxadia, rom Tu Semowmeba specialur codnasmoiTxovs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza(162-e muxli).

muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTaadgilze daTvaliereba

Tu nivTier mtkicebulebaTa sasamarT-loSi wardgena Zneli an SeuZlebelia, sa-samarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa TxovniT anTavisi iniciativiT, daadginos maTi adgil-ze daTvaliereba, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvsganCineba. Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarT-lo ixilavs, adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZ-leba miendos erT-erT mosamarTles. ad-gilze daTvaliereba xdeba XV TavSi dad-genili wesebiT.

_ adgilze nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliere-ba mimdinareobs ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili we-siT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

damatebiT aq SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom malfuWeba-di produqtebis daTvaliereba dauyovnebliv warmo-ebs, ris Semdeg isini ubrundeba mis mflobels. maTidabrunebis Sesaxeb unda Sedges aqti, romelic rCebasaqmeSi. Tu maTi dabruneba mflobelisaTvis an im pi-risaTvis, visganac isini amoiRo sasamarTlom, ama Tuim mizeziT SeuZlebelia, maSin unda moxdes maTi rea-lizacia sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis meSveobiT. rea-

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lizaciiT miRebuli Tanxebi Cairicxeba sasamarTlossadepozito angariSze.

_ daTvalierebis Sedegad Sedgenili oqmi warmoad-gens mtkicebulebas, romelSiac aisaxeba daTvaliere-bis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli faqtobrivigaremoebebi, maTi xarisxi, Tvisebebi da a. S. oqms TanerTvis mosamarTlis an daTvalierebaSi monawile spe-cialistis mier Sedgenili sqemebi, naxazebi, fotoebida sxva.

muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTaSenaxva

1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi inaxeba saq-meSi an sagangebo aRweris siiT CabardebasasamarTlos nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Se-sanax kameraSi.2. nivTebi, romelTa sasamarTloSi mita-

na SeuZlebelia, adgilze inaxeba. isini daw-vrilebiT unda iqnes aRwerili, xolo sa-Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ fotografirebulic.3. sasamarTlo iRebs RonisZiebebs nivTe-

bis ucvlel mdgomareobaSi Sesanaxad.

1. saqmeSi SeiZleba Senaxul iqnes mcire moculobisnivTieri mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Caideba konver-tSi an paketSi da Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu maTi moculobaamis saSualebas ar iZleva, isini Cabardeba sasamarT-los Sesanax kameras, risTvisac praqtikulad gamoiye-neba seifebi, karadebi da a. S. Sesanaxad Cabarebuli niv-Tebis sia daerTvis saqmes.

2. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis ara marto mocu-loba, aramed maTi raodenobac ar iZleva, maTi sasamar-TloSi motanisa da Senaxvis saSualebas isini unda aRi-weros da Seinaxos maTi mdebareobis adgilze. maTi aR-werilobiTi dokumentebi, xolo saWiroebis SemTxve-vaSi, fotoebic daerTvis saqmes.


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3. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi maT Sesanaxad,xolo Tu es SeuZlebelia moaxdens maT realizaciasda Semosul Tanxas Caricxavs sasamarTlos sadepozi-to angariSze. Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT es mizan-Sewonilia, nivTebis daTvalirebis Semdeg isini SeiZ-leba daubrundes mis mflobels.

muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTadabruneba

1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonierZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, nivTieri mtkicebu-leba daubrundeba mis warmdgen pirs angadaecema im pirs, romelsac sasamarTlommiakuTvna ufleba am nivTze.2. nivTebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos

moqalaqeTa mflobelobaSi, gadaecema sa-Tanado saxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebule-bas an organizacias.3. calkeul SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkice-

bulebebi sasamarTlos mier maTi Semowme-bisa da gamokvlevis Semdeg SeiZleba saqmisdamTavrebamde daubrundes mis warmdgenpirs, Tu ukanaskneli amas Suamdgomlobsda Tu am Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaSeiZleba saqmis ganxilvisaTvis zianis miu-yeneblad.

1. rogorc wesi, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis dabru-neba xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac gadawyveti-leba Seva kanonier ZalaSi. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ise-Ti nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos moqalaqeTamflobelobaSi. Tu iseTi nivTebia, romlebic ar SeiZ-leba iyos maT mflobelobaSi, an SeiZleba, magram ami-saTvis specialuri nebarTvaa saWiro, maSin es nivTebigadaecema Sesabamis organoebs. magaliTad, Tu nivTie-ri mtkicebulebebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sanadi-

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ro Tofi, romelzec specialuri nebarTva mxares argaaCnda, igi gadaecema policiis organoebs.

_ rogorc gamonaklisi, nivTebi SeiZleba daubrun-des mis warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesvlamde ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobi-sas: pirveli _ Tu aris nivTieri mtkicebulebebismflobelis an warmomadgenlis Suamdgomloba da meo-re _ Tu sasamarTlos azriT nivTebis dabruneba ar ewi-naaRmdegeba saqmis ganxilvis interess.


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T a v i XX

eqspertis daskvna

muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna

1. Tu saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiTwamoiWra sakiTxi, romlis ganmartebac moiTx-ovs specialur codnas, sasamarTlos mxa-reTa TxovniT SeuZlia daniSnos eqsperti-za saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, xolosaqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas eqsper-tiza SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saq-mis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxarisaTvis aseTigaremoeba obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqne-boda cnobili da aseTi safuZveli war-moiSva am sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatiomizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi gancx-adebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis warmodgenasaqmis momzadebis stadiaze.2. sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis nebismi-

er stadiaze SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTdaniSnos eqspertiza.

1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeiZleba wam-oiWras iseTi sakiTxebi da Segvxvdes iseTi garemoebe-bi, romelTa garkveva da dadgena Cveulebrivi me-TodebiT da cnobili saSualebebiT SeuZlebeli aR-moCndes. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis dididaxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia sasamarTlo eqspertizas.samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, spe-cialuri codna - es iseTi codnaa, romelic scildebasamarTlebrivi codnis, im wesebisa da normebis far-glebs, romlebic asaxaven sazogadoebis moralur Tusxva Sexedulebas da rwmenas. aqedan gamomdinare, arSeiZleba eqspertiza dainiSnos samarTlis sakiTxebze

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an iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic moralur SefasebasmoiTxoven.

eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTaSuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mx-areTa Suamdgomloba cxadia, araa savaldeblo sasa-marTlosaTvis, mas SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, TusakiTxis garkveva, faqtis dadgena marTlac special-ur codnas moiTxovs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlom uari unda Tqvas eqspertizis daniSvnaze.

eqspertizis daniSvna iseTi sakiTxis gasarkvevad,romelic ar moiTxovs specialur codnas, aris kanonisazrisa da Sinaarsis uxeSi darRveva, principuladdauSvebelia da faqtiurad warmoadgens sasamarTlofunqciis eqspertze delegirebis SeniRbul formas.

162-e muxli gansazRvravs eqspertizis daniSvnisstadias, anu saqmis warmoebis etaps, roca SeiZlebaeqspertizis daniSvna. es etapia saqmis momzadebisstadia. es imas niSnavs, rom Suamdgomlobebi eqsper-tizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareebs SeuZliaT aRZransaqmis momzadebis stadiis damTavrebamde (ix.207-emuxlis komentari).mxaris Suamdgomloba da eqspert-izis daniSvna sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dasaSve-bia mxolod or SemTxvevaSi a) Tu iseTi garemoebisSesaxeb, romlis dadgena specialur codnas moiTx-ovs, dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda mTa-var sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisas, magaliTad, mowi-naaRmdege mxarem konkretuli garemoebis Sesaxeb(vTqvaT, misi saxeliT dokumentze Sesrulebuli xe-lmowera sinamdvileSi mas ar ekuTvnis) sakiTxi wamoW-ra mTavar sxdomaze, an aseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, mis-Tvis cnobili iyo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, magramavadmyofobis, xangrZlivi mivlinebis Tu sxva obieq-turi mizezebis gamo man ver SeZlo Sesabamisi Sua-mdgomlobis aRZvra sasamarTlos winaSe.

unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertizis daniSvnis aseTiwesi emsaxureba saqmis droulad ganxilvasa dagadawyvetas, warmoadgens saqmis ganxilvis gaWia-


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nurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtian saSualebasda sasamarTloebma ganuxrelad unda Seasrulonam muxlis moTxovnebi.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili uflebas aniWebs sasamarT-los procesis nebismier stadiaze daniSnos eqsperti-za Tavisi iniciativiT.

muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizisdaniSvnis Sesaxeb

1. eqpertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarT-los gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRi-niSnos, Tu ra sakiTxebzea saWiro eqsper-tis daskvna, vin dainiSna eqspertad da ramasalebi waredgina eqsperts gamosakvle-vad. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi eqsperti-zis Casatareblad sasamarTlo niSnavs ram-denime eqsperts.2. eqspertebis SerCevis dros sasamarT-

lo iTvaliswinebs mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxa-reebs ufleba aqvT SesTavazon sasamarT-los eqspertad dasaniSni piris kandida-turebi. sabolood sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb,Tu vis miendos eqspertizis Catareba, wyvetssasamarTlo. mxareebs ufleba aqvT acile-ba miscen eqsperts 35-e muxliT dadgenilisafuZvliT.3. mxareebs ufleba aqvT agreTve warudgi-

non sasamarTlos kiTxvebi, romlebic undaganmartos eqspertma. sabolood im sakiTxTawres, romlebzedac saWiroa eqspertis dask-vna, gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. es ukanaskne-li valdebulia daasabuTos mxareTa mierwamoyenebuli sakiTxebis uaryofa.

1. ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, garda285-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa unda

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aRiniSnos: a) specialuri saeqsperto dawesebuleba,romelsac miendo eqspertizis Catareba (166-e muxli);b) eqspertad daniSnuli piris vinaoba, Tu eqspertizatardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawe-sebulebaSi (167-e muxli); g) im faqtebis zusti da sru-li CamonaTvali, romelTa arsebobis Tu ararsebobisSesaxeb saWiroa eqspertis daskvna. es faqtebi SeiZle-ba iyos mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtebi, anu iuri-diuli faqtebi, romlebzec mxareebi amyareben Tavi-anT moTxovnebs da Sesagebels, agreTve mtkicebule-biTi faqtebi; d) im masalebis CamonaTvali, romlebicwaredgina eqsperts gamosarkvevad. eqspertizis Cata-rebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segrovebisas sasamarT-lo xelmZRvanelobs 169-e muxlis moTxovnebiT.

2. eqspertiza unda dainiSnos saqmis momzadebisstadiaze (103-e muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqti). mogvianebiT, e.i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca ukve da-niSnulia sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma, am mTavar sxdo-maze mxareTa Suamdgomlobas eqspertizis daniSvnisSesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs mxolod im pirobiT, TuaseTi Suamdgomlobis droulad aRZvra maT ver SeZ-les sapatio mizeziT. mxareTa Suamdgomlobis uflebamimarTon sasamarTlos eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxebar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis ga-Wianurebis mizniT.

miuxedavad imisa, saqmis warmoebis romel stadia-ze iniSneba eqspertiza, sasamarTlo yovelTvis atyo-binebs mxareebs amis Sesaxeb, raTa maT SeZlon im uf-lebaTa realizacia, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia ammuxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT. maTi gamoucxadebloba verdaabrkolebs eqspertizis daniSvnas.

3. am muxlis mesame nawili iTvaliswinebs sasamarT-los valdebulebas gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCine-ba, rodesac igi uaryofs mxareTa mier SemoTavazebulsakiTxebs. aseTive ganCineba sasamarTlom unda gamoi-tanos maSinac, roca igi uars eubneba mxares daniSnoseqspertiza.


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orive SemTxvevaSi ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdesimiT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTa garkvevas eqspertizismeSveobiT moiTxoven mxareebi, sinamdvileSi ar saWi-roeben specialur codnas, an kidev, es sakiTxebi gark-veulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT.

_ ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlom SeiZleba daniSnos dro, romlis ganmavlo-baSic eqspertma unda warmoadginos daskvna. Tu aseTidrois daniSvna eqspertizis sirTulis gamo SeuZle-belia, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba eq-spertis daskvnis miRebamde (281-e muxli).

muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertisdaniSvna

ramdenime eqspertis daniSvnisas maT uf-leba aqvT erTmaneTTan iTaTbiron. Tu eq-spertebi daadgebian saerTo azrs, yvelanixels aweren erT daskvnas. eqsperti, rome-lic ar eTanxmeba danarCen eqspertebs, ad-gens calke daskvnas.

Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT im sakiTxebis gark-veva, romlebic dasmulia ganCinebaSi, saWiroebs spe-cialur codnas mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, iginiSnavs ramdenime eqsperts (kompleqsuri eqsperti-za). es eqspertebi iZlevian saerTo daskvnas, Tu isinierTnairad fiqroben am sakiTxze. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-vaSi, maT SeuZliaT miscen TavianTi (calke) daskvna,romlebic mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia(mtkicebulebebia), sasamarTlo afasebs am daskvnebsrogorc damoukidebel mtkicebulebebs Tavisi Sina-gani rwmeniT, magram SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTieqspertiza (173-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

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muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebisadgili

eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTloSi an misgareT, Tu es aucilebelia gamokvlevisxasiaTis an imis gamo, rom gamokvlevissagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebe-li an Znelia.

rogorc wesi, eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTlos ga-reT, magram es gamowveulia ara marto imiT, rom gamokv-levis sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Zne-lia, aramed umetesad imis gamo, rom gamokvlevisaTvissaWiro mowyobilobebisa da nivTierebebis gamoyenebasasamarTlos SenobaSi rTulia an SeuZlebelia.

muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebiswesi specialur saeqspertodawesebulebaSi

1. Tu eqspertizis warmoeba mindobiliaqvs specialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto da-wesebulebis eqsperts, sasamarTlo ugzav-nis am dawesebulebas Tavis ganCinebas eqs-pertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, agreTve eqs-pertizis CatarebisaTvis aucilebel masa-lebs.2. sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg

saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli eq-spertizis Catarebas miandobs am dawese-bulebis erT an ramdenime TanamSromels.3. sasamarTlos davalebiT saeqsperto da-

wesebulebis xelmZRvaneli ganumartavs Ta-namSromlebs, romlebsac miendoT eqsper-tizis Catareba, eqspertis ufleba-mova-leobebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e mux-liT, agreTve daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmi-


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saTvis Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbidaskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas, racgaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-marTlis kodeqsiT. amis Sesaxeb maT Camo-erTmevaT xelwerili, romelic eqspertisdaskvnasTan erTad gadaegzavneba sasamar-Tlos.

1. rodesac eqspertiza unda Catardes specialursasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, eqsperts niS-navs ara sasamarTlo, aramed am specialuri saeqsper-to dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli. amitom, sasamarTloTavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, yvelamasalebTan erTad ugzavnis am dawesebulebis xelmZ-Rvanels, romelic Tavis mxriv eqspertizis Catarebasmiandobs Tavisi dawesebulebis erT-erT an ramdenimeeqsperts.

2. sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZR-vaneli Tavis mxriv asrulebs yvela im moqmedebas, ra-sac Seasrulebda mosamarTle, mas rom eqsperti dae-niSna uSualod, kerZod, afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblo-bis Sesaxeb Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis,ganumartavs mas eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs (168-e muxli) da a. S.

3. mxares, mas Semdeg, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda Tuvis miendo eqspertizis Catareba, SeuZlia sasamarT-los meSveobiT ganucxados acileba am eqsperts. aci-lebis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo (34-e da 35-e mux-lebi).

muxli 167. eqspertizis Catarebaarasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi

Tu eqspertiza tardeba araspecialur sa-samarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, Se-sabamis pirs eqspertad niSnavs TviTon sa-samarTlo. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis

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Sesaxeb da yvela masala, rac aucilebeliaeqspertizis Casatareblad, eqspertad da-niSnul pirs uSualod sasamarTlom undagadasces. ganCinebis gadacemisas sasamarT-lo amowmebs eqspertis pirovnebas, mis spe-cialobasa da kompetenturobas, ganumar-tavs eqsperts mis ufleba-movaleobebs, racgaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, da afr-Txilebs eqsperts daskvnis micemaze uarisTqmisaTvis, Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebu-lad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxism-geblobis Sesaxeb, rac gaTvaliswinebuliasaqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT.yovelive es aRiniSneba sasamarTlos ganCi-nebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, racdamowmdeba eqspertis xelmoweriT.

1. Tu eqspertiza ar tardeba specialur sasamarT-lo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, maSin eqsperts uSua-lod sasamarTlo niSnavs (162-163-e muxlebi) da saWiromasalebsac ganCinebasTan erTad uSualod sasamarT-lo gadascems eqsperts. ganCinebisa da masze darTulisabuTebis uSualod eqpertisaTvis gadacemasTan er-Tad mosamarTle kidev erTxel amowmebs mis pirovne-bas, specialobas da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs masuflebebsa da movaleobebs da afrTxilebs pasuxism-geblobis Sesaxeb, rac unda aRiniSnos ganCinebaSi eqs-pertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb da xeli moaweros eqsper-tad daniSnulma pirma.

muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi damovaleobebi

1. eqspertad daniSnuli piri valdebuliagamocxaddes sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisTa-nave da misces obieqturi daskvna mis wina-Se dasmul kiTxvebze.


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2. Tu eqsperti arasapatio mizeziT argamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, Tavs aaridebsdaskvnis micemas an Segnebulad miscems yalbdaskvnas, mis mimarT gamoiyeneba saqarTve-los sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTva-liswinebuli RonisZiebebi.3. eqsperts ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas das-

kvnis micemaze, Tu misTvis gadacemuli ma-salebi sakmarisi ar aris, an Tu mas araaqvs saTanado codna dakisrebuli movale-obis Sesasruleblad. eqsperti movalea aR-niSnuli safuZvlebiT daskvnis micemaze uaridawvrilebiT daasabuTos.4. Tu eqspertizis Catarebisas eqsperti

gamoarkvevs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqoneiseT garemoebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac maskiTxvebi ar hqonda dasmuli, eqsperts uf-leba aqvs daskvnaSi miuTiTos am garemoe-bebze.5. eqspertizasTan dakavSirebuli gare-

moebebis gamosakvlevad eqsperts uflebaaqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileobamiiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, dausvas mxareebsda mowmeebs SekiTxvebi, miiRos monawileo-ba mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebasa da Se-mowmebaSi, agreTve sTxovos sasamarTlosmisTvis damatebiTi masalebis wardgena.

1. eqsperti valdebulia ara marto werilobiTi das-kvna misces, aramed gamocxaddes sasamarTlo sxdoma-ze, Tu es sasamarTlos saWirod miaCnia da pasuxi gas-ces mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze. kiTxvebi eqspertssasamarTlo sxdomaze SeiZleba dausvas aramarto mo-samarTlem, aramed mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenleb-ma. am movaleobebis Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia pa-suxismgeblobis RonisZiebebiT, rac miTiTebulia ammuxlis me-2 nawilSi.

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2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sisxlis sa-marTlis pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebs, romelTamixedviT eqsperts SeiZleba daekisros aseTi pasux-ismgebloba, magram saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 370-e muxli iTvaliswinebs eqspertis pasux-ismgeblobas yalbi daskvnis an Cvenebis micemisaTvis.

3. piris eqspertad daniSvnamde sasamarTlo arkvevsam piris specialobas da kompetenturobas, magram Se-iZleba misi arakompetenturoba gamovlindes mogvia-nebiT _ eqspertizis Catarebis procesSi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi mas ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskv-nis micemaze. daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebamas aqvs maSinac, roca misTvis gadacemuli masalebiaraa sakmarisi amisaTvis.

_ orive aseT SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba daskv-nis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis gamoricxulia, magrameqspertma werilobiT unda Seadginos uari da dawvri-lebiT daasabuTos am uaris Tqma. eqspertis werilo-biT Sedgenili uari daskvnis micemaze droulad undagadaeces sasamarTlos.

4. faqtiuri garemoebebis an sakiTxebis wres, romel-Ta Sesaxeb daskvna unda misces eqspertma _ gansazRv-ravs sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniS-vnis Sesaxeb (163-e muxli). eqsperti valdebulia mis-ces daskvna am faqtebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, magrameqsperts SeuZlia gascdes sasamarTlos mier ganCine-baSi dasmuli sakiTxebis wres da misces Tavisi daskvnaiseT faqtebze da sakiTxebze, romelTa Sesaxeb mas arhqonda kiTxvebi dasmuli, magram gamokvlevis Sedege-bi iZleva am sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis saSualebas, ra-sac SeiZleba hqondes misi azriT mniSvneloba saqmi-saTvis.

5. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs ag-rovebs sasamarTlo (169-e muxli). magram sasamarTlomSeiZleba ar mianiWos mniSvneloba da ar gadaugzavnoseqsperts yvela is masala, romelic saWiroa misTvis.amitom, eqsperts eniWeba farTo uflebebi, romlebic


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miTiTebulia am muxlis me-5 nawilSi. Tu is aRmoaCensmasalebs, romlebic saWiroa srulyofili daskvnisaT-vis, man unda sTxovos sasamarTlos gadasces es masa-lebi. mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZlia eqs-perts miiRos misTvis saWiro masalebi.

muxli 169. eqspertizisCatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebisSegroveba

1. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro ma-salebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi.eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro masale-bis wres gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, rome-lic iTvaliswinebs rogorc mxareebis, iseeqspertad daniSnuli piris mosazrebebs.2. Tu eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro

masalebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia mow-mis dakiTxva, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoi-Zaxos da dakiTxos igi eqspertis monawi-leobiT. mxareebs ecnobebaT amis Sesaxeb,magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-kolebs mowmis dakiTxvas. am wesiT dakiT-xuli mowme ar Tavisufldeba sasamarTlosxdomaze gamocxadebisagan da saqmis gan-xilvis dros ganmeorebiTi dakiTxvisagan.3. mowmis dakiTxvis Sesaxeb Sedgeba oqmi,

romelic daerTvis saqmes.

1. eqspertizis masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo. am ma-salebis xasiaTsa da moculobas gansazRvravs sasamar-Tlo, romelsac SuZlia gaiTvaliswinos mxareebisa daTviT eqspertis mosazrebebi. Tu es masalebi ar aRmoC-nda sakmarisi, eqsperts SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlosdamatebiTi masalebis wardgena da miuTiTos kidec amdamatebiTi masalebis xasiaTze. eqsperts SeuZlia mii-

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Ros damatebiTi masalebi mxolod da mxolod sasamar-Tlos meSveobiT da daxmarebiT.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs uSualobis princi-pidan gadaxvevis erT-erT gamonaklis SemTxvevas daigi ganpirobebulia eqspertizis droulad CatarebisinteresebiT. am interesebidan gamomdinare, kanonmde-belma dasaSvebad CaTvala mowmis dakiTxva ara sasamar-Tlos mTavar sxdomaze, aramed manamde da eqsperti-zisaTvis masalebis Segrovebis daCqarebisaTvis.

amasTan erTad, igive mowme SeiZleba gamoZaxebulida dakiTxuli iqnes sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, Cve-nebis ganmeorebiT micemis mizniT.

3. eqspertizisaTvis yvela saWiro masalebis Segro-vebis mizniT mowmis dakiTxva mimdinareobs dakiTxviswesebis dacviT, xolo dakiTxvis oqmi daerTvis saqmes.

muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis formada Sinaarsi

1. eqsperti daskvnas iZleva werilobiTiformiT. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs misceseqsperts winadadeba, rom man zepiri gan-marteba misces sasamarTlos Tavisi daskv-nis Sesaxeb. zepiri ganmarteba SeitanebasasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waekiTxeba eqs-perts romelic, xels awers mas.2. eqspertis daskvna unda Seicavdes war-

moebuli gamokvlevis werilobiT aRweras,gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebul daskvnebsada dasabuTebul pasuxebs sasamarTlos mi-er dasmul kiTxvebze.

1. eqspertis daskvna _ specialuri codniT aRWur-vili piris mier Catarebuli gamokvlevis (eqspertizis)Sedegia. amitom, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom sasamarT-los, romelmac es daskvna unda Seafasos, SeiZleba das-Wirdes misi ganmarteba. eqsperti Tavis daskvnas


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yovelTvis ayalibebs werilobiTi formiT, magram amdaskvnis ganmarteba man unda misces sasamarTlos ze-piri formiT, sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavarsxdomaze. zepiri ganmartebis dros eqsperts SeiZle-ba SekiTxvebi dausvan mxareebma da maTma warmomadgen-lebma (83-e da 171-e muxlebi).

2. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gansaz-Rvravs amomwuravad yvela im rekvizits, romelsac un-da Seicavdes eqspertis werilobiTi daskvna. specia-lurma sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebebma Sei-muSava aseTi rekvizitebi.

eqspertis daskvna, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda Sedge-bodes Sesavali, gamokvleviTi da daskvniTi nawilebi-sagan. SesavalSi unda mieTiTos sasamarTlo, romel-mac daniSna eqspertiza, cnobebi eqspertizis Sesaxeb,saeqsperto masalebis Semosvlis TariRi da am masale-bis dasaxeleba, im faqtebis da sakiTxebis wre, romle-bic unda gadawyvitos eqspertma. gamokvleviT nawil-Si unda mieTiTos gamokvlevis meTodi (eqsperimenti,SedarebiTi, qimiuri da a. S.) da teqnikuri saSualebe-bi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma gamokvlevis Cata-rebis mizniT. daskvniTi nawili, unda Seicavdes pasu-xebs mis winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, im faqte-bis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic aintere-sebs sasamarTlos.

daskvniTi nawili SeiZleba Seicavdes pasuxebs iseTsakiTxebzec, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlos mier das-muli eqspertis winaSe, magram eqspertis Sexedule-biT maT SeiZleba hqondeT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.

eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos kategoriuli, ro-ca eqsperti erTmniSvnelovnad (calsaxad) pasuxobsmis winaSe dasmul sakiTxze, savaraudo, roca eqsper-ti ar gamoricxavs sakiTxis sxvanairad gadawyvetis Se-saZleblobas da, bolos, sakiTxis gadawyvetis SeuZ-leblobis Sesaxeb.

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muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnisSemowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvismicemis wesi

1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs Se-uZliaT gaecnon eqspertis daskvnas. maTiveTxovniT eqspertis daskvna gamoqveyndebasasamarTlos sxdomaze. mxareebs SeuZliaTgamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba, xolo dask-vnis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis mizniT eqs-perts SeiZleba mieces SekiTxvebi.2. eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba is piri,

romlis TxovniTac dainiSna eqsperti, damisi warmomadgeneli. sasamarTlos inicia-tiviT daniSnul eqsperts pirvelad ekiT-xeba mosamarTle. mosamarTles SeuZlia Se-kiTxvebi dausvas eqsperts misi dakiTxvisyovel momentSi.

1. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom eqspertis daskvnis Semow-mebiT iwyeba eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba. mxareebi damaTi warmomadgenlebi eqspertis daskvnis SemowmebismizniT jer mas adareben saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebu-lebebs. aseTi Sedarebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ram-denad Seesabameba da ra TanafardobaSia eqspertisdaskvna saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan. Tu eqs-pertis daskvna upirispirdeba sxva mtkicebulebebs,gansakuTrebiT ki iseT mtkicebulebebs, romlis ut-yuaroba ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, maSin ukve wamoiWrebamravali sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba gairkves eqsper-tisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemiT. eqspertis winaSe SeiZ-leba daisvas sakiTxi misi daskvnis ganmartebis Sesa-xeb da imis Taobaze, Tu ra meTodis gamoyenebiT gaake-Ta man aseTi daskvna.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs eqspertisaT-vis SekiTxvebis micemis rigiTobas. es rigiToba unda


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daicvas sasamarTlom, romelsac SeuZlia SekiTxvebimisces eqsperts misi dakiTxvis nebismier etapze.

muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnisSefaseba

eqspertis daskvna sasamarTlosaTvis sa-valdebulo ar aris da misi Sefaseba xdeba105-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT, magram sa-samarTlos uari daskvnis miRebaze dasa-buTebul unda iqnes saqmeze gamotanilgadawyvetilebaSi an ganCinebaSi.

1. eqspertis daskvna warmoadgens damoukidebelmtkicebis saSualebas (mtkicebulebas). maSasadame, igiSeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobismqone garemoebebis dasadgenad, magram vidre am miz-niT iqnebodes gamoyenebuli, eqspertis daskvna undaSeafasos sasamarTlom Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT (105-emuxli).

_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworisa da dasabuTebulo-bis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis daniSvnisa daCatarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva. amitom, sa-samarTlom unda Seamowmos xom ar iyo es forma darR-veuli.

_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworis mniSvnelovani garan-tiaa eqspertis mecnieruli kompetenturoba. amitomsasamarTlom kidev erTxel unda Seamowmos misi kom-petenturoba.

_ xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertis daskv-nis uaryofis sababi SeiZleba gaxdes saproceso for-mis ara yovelgvari darRveva, aramed misi iseTi dar-Rveva, romelsac SeeZlo gavlena moexdina eqspertisdaskvnis sisworeze da dasabuTebulobaze. magaliTad,Tu aRmoCndeba, rom daskvna Seadgina eqspertma, ro-melic dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an arakompe-tenturma pirma, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanado speci-

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aluri codna da gamocdileba, an kidev, eqspertma ga-moikvlia arasaTanado da uxarisxo obieqti da a. S. ma-Sin eqspertis daskvna ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorcswori da dasabuTebuli.

2. eqspertis daniSvna da Catarebis saproceso for-mis (wesis) dacva jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom eqsper-tis daskvna dasabuTebulia. eqspertis daskvnis Sefa-sebisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seafasos is wanamZRvre-bi, faqtobrivi da mecnieruli monacemebi, romlebicsafuZvlad udevs am daskvnas.

aseTi Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia mosamarTlisaTvis,vinaidan igi araa aRWurvili im specialuri codniT,romliTac aRWurvilia Sesafasebeli daskvnis avtori_ eqsperti.

amitom, Tu eqspertis daskvna winaaRmdegobaSia saq-meSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebTan da am winaaRmde-gobis moxsna sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar ZaluZs,maSin mas SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza(173-e muxli).

_ iseve, rogorc saqmeSi arsebuli nebismieri mtki-cebulebis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi (249-e muxlis me-4 na-wili), eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis drosac sasamarT-lom unda daasabuTos Tu ratom uaryo igi.

muxli 173. damatebiTi daganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna

1. Tu eqspertizis daskvna ar aris srulian gaurkvevelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia da-niSnos damatebiTi eqspertiza.2. Tu sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba eqspertis

daskvnas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, agreTve,Tu ramdenime eqspertis daskvna ewinaaRm-degeba erTmaneTs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia da-niSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza da misiCatareba daavalos sxva eqsperts an eqs-pertebs.


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1. damatebiTi eqspertiza unda ganvasxvavoT gan-meorebiTi eqspertizisagan: damatebiTi eqspertizadainiSneba Tu eqspertma ar upasuxa yvela kiTxvaze,romelic mis winaSe iyo dasmuli, agreTve Tu daskvnagaurkvevelia da am gaurkvevlobis moxsna eqspertisdaxmarebiT ver moxerxda.

_ gansxvavebiT, ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisa, dama-tebiTi eqspertiza unda miendos im eqsperts, romel-mac Seadgina da gadmougzavna sasamarTlos daskvna.

2. ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza, romlis Catareba un-da miendos sxva eqsperts, SeiZleba dainiSnos or SemT-xvevaSi, pirveli, roca sasamarTlos azriT eqspertisdaskvna araa dasabuTebuli da meore, roca eqsperte-bis daskvna ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs, mxedveloba-Sia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac eqspertizis daskvnamindobili hqonda ramdenime eqsperts, romlebic areTanxmebian erTmaneTs da amitom Seadgines cal-calkedaskvnebi (164-e muxli), an kidev, miRebuli iqna ganmeo-rebiT daniSnuli eqspertis daskvna, romelic ewinaaR-mdegeba pirveladi eqspertis daskvnas.

muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebisdabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis

eqsperti movalea daubrunos sasamarT-los eqspertizisaTvis gamoyenebuli yvelamasala da dokumenti, Tu sasamarTlo amasmoiTxovs.

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi nivTieriTu werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi ubrundeba mis warmom-dgens (139-e da 161-e muxlebi). amdenad, masalebi, rom-lebic gamoiyena eqspertma, da romlebic unda daub-rundes mxareebs, eqsperti valdebulia daubrunos sa-samarTlos.

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muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertismier

eqspertizis Catarebamde an mis Semdegeqsperti debs fics. ficis Sinaarsi gani-sazRvreba imiT, rom eqsperti atarebs eq-spertizas sakuTari codnisa da sindisisSesabamisad. Tu eqsperts dadebuli aqvssaerTo fici analogiuri eqspertizis Ca-tarebasTan dakavSirebiT, maSin sakmarisiamiTiTeba am ficze. masze SeiZleba mieTi-Tos eqspertis daskvnaSic.

_ eqspertis mier ficis dadebis dros, e. i. rodisdados eqspertma fici _ eqspertizis Catarebamde Tumis Semdeg _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. sasamarTlomSeiZleba gamoiyenos mowmis mier ficis dadebis praq-tika da SeiZleba eqspertma fici dados daskvnis mice-mis Semdeg (153-emuxlis me-2 nawili).

_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia eqspertis ficis Si-naarsi, romlis mixedviT eqspertis fici ase gamoiyu-reba: `vficav, Cavatare (an Cavataro) eqspertiza Cemicodnisa da sindisis Sesabamisad~.

_ specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebule-bis eqspertebs SeiZleba micemuli hqondeT saerTofici, ris gamoc aRaraa saWiro yoveli calkeuli eqs-pertizis Catarebisas dadon fici;

_ Tu eqspertizis Catareba miendo arasaeqspertodawesebulebis TanamSromels, maSin man SeiZleba da-dos fici mowmis analogiurad (153-e muxlis me-4- 7 na-wilebi). Tu am muxlis analogiiT vixelmZRvanelebT,maSin eqspertis mier religiuri mniSvnelobis ficisdadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs eq-sperts: ̀ daificeT yovlisSemZle RmerTis winaSe, romTqven Tqveni codnisa da sindisis safuZvelze miscemTsasamarTlos daskvnas~.


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amaze eqsperti upasuxebs: ̀ vficav, RmerTi iyos Ce-mi mfarveli~.

_ arareligiuri ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle mi-marTavs eqsperts: ̀ daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli Segne-biT, codniTa da sindisiT mieciT daskvna~.

eqsperti pasuxobs: ̀ vficav~.Tu eqsperti uars ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin mo-

samarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: ̀ adasturebT Tu ara sa-samarTlos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT,rom Tqven mieciT daskvna Tqveni codnisa da rwmenismixedviT~.

eqsperti pasuxobs: ̀ diax, vadastureb~.

muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo

1. sasamarTlos davalebiT SesrulebulisamuSaosaTvis, agreTve sasamarTloSi ga-mocxadebisaTvis mgzavrobisa da sacxovre-beli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da dRi-uri Tanxa miecemaT eqspertebs 45-e mux-liT dadgenili wesiT.2. Tu eqspertis azriT, sasamarTlos mi-

er winaswar gansazRvruli xarjebi sagrZ-noblad gaizrdeba davis sagnis Rirebule-basTan SedarebiT, an didad gadaaWarbebswinaswar ganasazRvrul xarjebs, eqspertivaldebulia droulad acnobos amis Sesa-xeb sasamarTlos.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs eqsper-tisaTvis ori saxis anazRaurebas: pirveli _ sasamar-Tlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis da meo-re _ mgzavrobis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebisxarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa.

_ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSao-saTvis eqsperti miiRebs anazRaurebas, Tu igi araa spe-cialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis Ta-

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namSromeli. anazRaurebis odenoba aseT SemTxvevaSiganisazRvreba 45-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari), e. i. Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTis da sir-Tulis mixedviT, romelic sabolood, mxareTa mosaz-rebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlosa da eqspertsSoris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT unda ganisazRvros.

_ rac Seexeba meore saxis xarjebs, rac eqspertissasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli,isini yovelTvis unda aunazRaurdes eqsperts im ta-rifebis mixedviT, romlebic Sesabamisi normatiuli ma-saliTaa gansazRvruli.

2. winaswar zustad imis gansazRvra, Tu ra xarjeb-Tan iqneba dakavSirebuli eqspertizis Catareba, miTumetes Tu saqme gvaqvs rTul bioqimiur gamokvleveb-Tan da rTuli da ZviradRirebuli masalebisa da teq-nikis gamoyenebasTan, SeuZlebelia. amitom, eqspertsevaleba droulad acnobos sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb.saqme isaa, rom eqspertizis xarjebs ixdis mxare, ro-melmac iSuamdgomla eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb,an orive mxare, Tu misi daniSvna sasamarTlos inicia-tiviT moxda (52-e muxli). igulisxmeba, rom Tu aseTixarjebi didad gadaaWarbebs winaswar gansazRvrulsda davis sagnis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi aRarc kiRirs misi Catareba, sasamarTlom mxareebTan SeTanx-mebiT SeiZleba uari Tqvas mis Catarebaze.


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wigni meore

saqmeebis warmoeba pirveliinstanciis sasamarTloSi

kari meoTxe

sasarCelo warmoeba

T a v i XXI

saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT

muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra

1. saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSiaRiZvreba sarCeliT, xolo am kodeqsiT gaT-valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi -_ gancxadebiT.2. sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda

iyos werilobiTi formiT da upasuxebdesam kodeqsiT dadgenil moTxovnebs.

pirs, romelsac miaCnia, rom misi ufleba darRveu-lia an sadavodaa gamxdari, SeuZlia moiTxovos am uf-lebis dacva sasamarTlos meSveobiT. samoqalaqo sap-roceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sa-xis samarTalwarmoebas, rogoricaa: a) sasarCelo war-moeba; b) udavo warmoeba; g) gamartivebuli warmoeba.

1. 177-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs am sa-marTalwarmoebaTa aRZvras, anu darRveuli (sadavo)uflebis dacvis formebs, rogoricaa sarCeli da ganc-xadeba.

sarCelis meSveobiT aRiZvris sasarCelo warmoeba(kari meoTxe 177-291-e muxlebi), gancxadebis meSveo-biT aRiZvris udavo warmoeba (kari meeqvse, 310-356-emuxlebi) da gamartivebuli warmoeba (302-3097-e mux-lebi).

2. samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisa da uflebis dacvis

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am formebs (sarCels, gancxadebas) aqvT bevri saerTo,magram maT aqvT Tavisi specifikac. saerTo ki maT So-ris isaa, rom rogorc sarCeli, ise gancxadeba Sedgeni-li unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da pasuxobdnen ka-noniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, romlebic bevrrameSi erTmaneTs emTxveva.

muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi

1. sarCelSi unda aRiniSnos:a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelSic Se-

aqvT sarCeli;b) mosarCelis warmomadgenlis (Tu sar-

Celi Seaqvs warmomadgenels), mopasuxis,mowmis, aseve sxdomaze mosawvevi sxva pirissaxeli, gvari (saxelwodeba), misamarTi, aseve,arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, samuSao adgilismisamarTi, telefoni, maT Soris, mobil-uri, eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi;g) mosarCelis moTxovna;d) garemoebebi, romlebzedac mosarCele

amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebs;e) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs

am garemoebebs;v) sarCelis fasi;z) sarCelisTvis darTuli sabuTebis nusxa;T) am kodeqsis 180-e muxliT gaTval-

iswinebuli iuridiuli interesi, TuaRZrulia aRiarebiTi sarCeli.2. sarCelSi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes ag-

reTve mosarCelis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb,rom:a) sasamarTlom daavalos mopasuxes im

mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena, romlebic mas-Tan inaxeba da romlebzedac mosarCeleamyarebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnebs;b) sasamarTlom misces miTiTeba Sesabamis


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dawesebulebebs, raTa maT warudginon sa-samarTlos yvela is werilobiTi Tu nivTi-eri sabuTi da masala, romlebsac SeuZli-aT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli ga-remoebebi da romelTa gacemaze aramarT-lzomierad uTxres uari mosarCeles;g) sasamarTlom droulad Seatyobinos

da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoiZaxos mow-meebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturonsarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi.3. sarCels xels awers mosarCele an misi

uflebamosili warmomadgeneli.

es muxli sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSiCamoTvlilia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda pasuxobdessarCeli (sarCelis savaldebulo rekvizitebi), meo-re nawilSi miTiTebulia moTxovnebze, romlebsac sar-Celi SeiZleba arc ki pasuxobdes (arasavaldebulorekvizitebi), xolo mesame nawili gansazRvravs Tu visSeuZlia moaweros xeli sarCels, rac agreTve savalde-buloa.

1. im moTxovnebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlo-Si yoveli formiT mimarTvisaTvis, gansakuTrebul yu-radRebas imsaxurebs am muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ b~, ̀ g~,`d~ da ̀ e~ qvepunqtebi.

_ `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuliunda iyos ara marto mosarCelisa da mopasuxis vinaobada misamarTebi, aramed sasamarTloSi mosawvevi nebis-mieri piris vinaoba da misamarTebi, agreTve maTi tele-foni (mobiluri), eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi. am punq-tis Tanaxmad mosarCelis warmomadgenlis vinaoba damisamarTi miTiTebuli unda iyos sarCelSi, Tu masSeaqvs es sarCeli, magram 70-e muxlis pirveli nawilisanalizi (ix. am muxlis komentari) safuZvels gvaZlevsgavakeToT daskvna, rom warmomadgenlis vinaobisa damisamarTis miTiTeba sarCelSi yovelTvis aucilebe-

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lia, Tu, ra Tqma unda, mosarCeles am droisaTvis yavswarmomadgeneli.

„g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli undaiyos mosarCelis moTxovna, anu sarCelis sagani. esuaRresad mniSvnelovani da principuli xasiaTis moTx-ovnaa. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo ixilavs sarCels dagamoaqvs gadawyvetileba swored am sasarCelo moTx-ovnis farglebSi, romlebsac sasamarTlo verc Secv-lis da verc gaafarTovebs. dispoziciurobis prin-cipidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebis Secvlisan gafarToebis ufleba mxolod mosarCeles aqvs.

aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad, garkveviTda amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu rasmoiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan. Tu es moTxov-na araa srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli, maSin sasa-marTlom unda misces mosarCeles vada xarvezisSesavsebad.

„d“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuliunda iyos garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebsTavis moTxovnas. es garemoebebi TavianT er-TobliobaSi Seadgenen mtkicebis sagans. sasamarT-lo aqac SeboWilia. SejibrebiTobis principidan gamom-dinare mxareebma TviTon unda gansazRvron Tu rome-li faqtebi daudon safuZvlad TavianT moTxovnebs daSesagebels (ix. me-4 muxlis komentari). sasarCelomoTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelSi miTiTebulifaqtebi warmoadgenen im iuridiul faqtebs, romlebicqmnian sarCelis safuZvels. mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba,Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlom unda awarmoos sar-CelSi miTiTebuli faqtiuri garemoebebis mimarT. sasa-marTlos SeuZlia ar Sekribos mtkicebulebebi iseTifaqtebis mimarT, romlebzec marTalia miuTiTebs mo-sarCele, magram maT ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis (ix. 104-e muxlis komentari).

aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad da garkveviTunda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebzec mo-sarCele afuZnebs Tavis moTxovnebs, winaaRmdeg


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SemTxvevaSi mas unda mieces vada xarvezis Sesavsebad(185-e muxli).

„e“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli undaiyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadastu-ron mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebu-li faqtebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom undamisces vada mosarCeles xarvezis Sesavsebad 185-e mux-lis Sesabamisad.

xarvezad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom sarCels arerTvis mtkicebulebebi, mtkicebulebebis TandarTvasarCelze sasurvelia, magram araa savaldebulo, damt-kicebis movaleoba (mtkicebis tvirTi)warmoiSveba sar-Celis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg. amiT sasarCelo war-moeba gansxvavdeba udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebi-sagan, romlis dros gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodesmtkicebulebebi (ix. 303-e, 313-e da 315-e muxlebis ko-mentari).

mosarCeles ar evaleba sadavo samarTlebrivi urT-ierTobis iuridiuli kvalifikacia, es imas niSnavs, rommosarCele araa valdebuli miuTiTos sarCelSi kanon-ebze da iuridiulad daasabuTos Tavisi sasarCelomoTxovna.

am muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad mosarCelevaldebulia miuTiTos sarCelis fasi anu davis sagnisRirebuleba. mosarCeles aseTi movaleoba ganmtkice-bulia agreTve me-40 muxliT. Tu mosarCelis mier mi-TiTebuli fasis odenoba saeWvoa, mosamarTle gan-sazRvravs mis odenobas. davis sagnis RirebulebisgansazRvris wesebi Camoyalibebulia me-40-41-e mux-lebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

am muxlis „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul movale-obas zogjer ar asruleben mosarCeleebi, e.i. sarCel-Si ar uTiTeben TandarTuli sabuTebis nusxas, raczogjer seriozuli gaugebrobis mizezi xdeba, kerZodzogjer mosarCele acxadebs rom man sarCelTan erTadwarmoadgina sabuTi, romelic ratomRac araa saqmeSi.aseTi da sxva gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT

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sarCelSi yovelTvis unda mieTiTos im sabuTebze, rom-lebic mas erTvis. es saSualebas miscems mosamarTlesSeamowmos nusxis sisrule da siswore, xolo Tu essaWiroa misces vada mosarCeles Seavsos an daazustoses nusxa.

iuridiuli interesi aRiarebiTi sarCelis aRZvriswinapirobaa. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu mosa-rCeles ar aqvs aseTi sarCelis aRZvris interesi. amit-om, „T“ qvepunqti avaldebulebs mosarCeles miuTiTosmis mier aRZrul aRiarebiT sarCelSi aseT iuridiulinteresze. Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, iuridiuli in-teresi aris ara sarCelis Sinaarsis sakiTxi, aramed amsarCelis aRZvris, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis wina-piroba. iuridiuli interesis raobis Sesaxeb ix. 180-emuxlis komentari.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebissarCelSi Camoyalibeba marTalia Zalze sasurvelia daudavod Seuwyobs xels saqmis droulad ganxilvas, ma-gram araa savaldebulo. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac sarCe-li iqneba miRebuli warmoebaSi, sasamarTlom undadaavalos mosarCeles jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze,droulad aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamisi Sua-mdgomlobebi (203-e da 206-e muxlebi).

3. sasamarTloSi sarCeli mosarCelis saxeliTSeiZleba Seitanos misma warmomadgenelma, magramerTi savaldebulo pirobiT, Tu am warmomadgenelsgaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix.98-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTulisabuTebis aslebi

sarCeli da TandarTuli sabuTebi sasa-marTlos unda waredginos imdeni asliT,ramdenic mopasuxea. sarCels unda erTo-des agreTve saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis da-madasturebeli dokumentebi.


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_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis igi unda pasu-xobdes ara marto im moTxovnebs, romlebic Camoyali-bebulia 178-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, aramed warmod-genili iyos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea da erT-vodes baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti.

_ sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs miiRos sarCeli war-moebaSi baJis winaswari gadaxdis gareSe (185-e muxli),magram mas SeuZlia gaaTavisuflos gadaxdisagan, gada-uvados, ganuwilvados gadaxda, Seumciros baJis ode-noba (46-e-49-e muxlebi). amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom un-da gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba.

muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli

sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras uflebisa TusamarTlebrivi urTierTobebis arseboba-ararsebobis dadgenis, dokumentebis namd-vilobis aRiarebis an dokumentebis siyal-bis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu mosarCeles aqvsimis iuridiuli interesi, rom aseTi aRia-reba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT moxdes.

_ sarCeli sami saxisaa: mikuTvnebiTi anu aRsrule-biTi sarCelebi, gardaqmniTi sarCelebi da aRiarebiTianu dadgeniTi sarCelebi. aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZle-ba iyos rogorc dadebiTi (magaliTad, sarCeli qirav-nobiTi urTierTobis arsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb), iseuaryofiTi (magaliTad, nasyidobis xelSekrulebis ba-Tilad cnobis Sesaxeb).

aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba mxolod im moTxovna-Ta arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic miTiTebu-lia am muxlSi.

_ aRiarebiTi sarCelebi yovelTvis gulisxmoben mo-dave mxareebs. amitom, aseT sarCelebSi yovelTvisgvyavs ori modave mxare _ mosarCele da mopasuxe, ri-Tac igi gansxvavdeba udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiu-li faqtis dadgenisagan.

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_ aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebisaTvis saWiroa yvelais dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi winapirobebi, romlebic mi-TiTebulia 178-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ amasTan erTad, aRiarebiT sarCels waeyeneba ki-dev erTi damatebiTi winapiroba _ iuridiuli inte-resi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobs sarCelis aRZv-ris yvela winapiroba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia178-e muxliT, magram ar arsebobs iuridiuli inte-resi, mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas aRiarebiTi sar-Celis miRebaze da ganxilvaze.

gansxvavebiT mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCele-bisa, romlebic mimarTulia darRveuli uflebis dac-visaken, aRiarebiTi sarCelebis dros mosarCelis uf-leba jer kidev araa darRveuli, magram arsebobs misimomavalSi darRvevis saSiSroeba, radgan viRaca eda-veba mas am uflebaSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli interesis arsebo-bisaTvis, romelic warmoadgens aRiarebiTi sarCelismiRebisa da ganxilvis winapirobas _ saWiroa:

1. arsebobdes dava mxareTa Soris uflebisa Tu sa-marTlebrivi urTierTobis Sesaxeb, e.i. mopasuxe undaecilebodes (edavebodes) mosarCeles uflebaSi (maga-liTad, sakuTrebis uflebaSi, moTxovnis uflebaSi daa.S.);

2. aseTi dava unda qmnides am uflebis momavalSidarRvevis realur saSiSroebas;

3. aRiarebiTi sarCelis gadawyveta, davis gadawy-vetis saukeTeso saSualeba unda iyos, anu am gadawy-vetilebas sruliad garkveuli sargebloba unda moh-qondes mosarCelisaTvis; is unda qmnides uflebis TuurTierTobis gansazRvrulobas, rac dairRva mxareTaSoris wamoWrili davis gamo;

4. aRiarebiTi sarCeli dauSvebelia, Tu ukve SesaZ-lebelia sarCeli TviT valdebulebis Sesrulebis Ta-obaze, e.i. Tu SesaZlebelia aRiZras mikuTvnebiTi (aR-srulebiTi) sarCeli.


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muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebismomavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb

sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Ses-rulebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, Tu:a) sasarCelo moTxovna ar aris damokide-

buli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesruleba-ze da misi Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSire-bulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan;b) viTarebis mixedviT gamarTlebulia SiSi

imis Taobaze, rom movale Tavs aaridebsvaldebulebis droulad Sesrulebas.

_ valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb sar-Celebis miRebis winapirobebi, garda 178-e muxlSi mi-TiTebuli sarCelis uflebis winapirobebisa, damate-biT gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis ̀ a~ da ̀ b~ qvepunqte-biT. sakiTxi exeba sarCels iseTi valdebulebis Sesa-xeb, romlis Sesrulebis vada jer ar damdgara da maSa-sadame ar arsebobs sarCelis ufleba anu sarCelis dak-mayofilebis ufleba materialur samarTlebriviTvalsazrisiT.

_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos aseTi sarCe-li warmoebaSi, masSi, garda 178-e muxliT gaTvaliswi-nebuli rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos damate-biT, jer erTi _ imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar arisdamokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesruleba-ze, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlis Ta-naxmad ̀ im pirs, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ... Se-uZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis Sesrulebaze sapasu-xo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde ...~ meore _ valde-bulebis Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalenda-ruli dRis dadgomasTan. saqme isaa, rom Tu valdebu-lebis SesrulebisaTvis araa gansazRvruli dro, maSinkreditors nebismier dros SeuZlia moiTxovos misiSesruleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 365-e muxli) da aqe-dan gamomdinare, valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrule-

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bis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris saWiroeba ar arsebobs.mesame _ adgili aqvs iseT garemoebebs (viTarebas), rom-lebic iZlevian imis varaudis safuZvels, rom movaleTavs aaridebs an saerTod ver SeZlebs valdebulebisTavis droze Sesrulebas.

_ mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is mdgomareoba, rom val-debulebis vadamde Sesrulebis moTxovna saerTod da-uSvebelia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 366-e muxli). kredi-tors SeuZlia moiTxovos valdebulebis dauyovneblivSesruleba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca misi Sesrulebi-saTvis dadgenilia dro da es dro jer ar damdgara ̀ Tumovale gadaxdisuunaro gaxda, an Sepirebuli uzrun-velyofa Seamcira, anda igi saerTod ver warmoadgina(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 367-e muxli).

ssk 181-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs arc valdebule-bis vadamde Sesrulebas da arc valdebulebis dauyov-nebliv Sesrulebas. es muxli garkveuli pirobebis ar-sebobisas dasaSvebad Tvlis mxolod sarCelebs val-debulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.

muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelomoTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa

1. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi ga-aerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ram-denime moTxovna erTi da imave mopasuxismimarT, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa daimave safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi,Tu _- ara.2. sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosa-

marTles SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxov-nebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi anramdenime moTxovna, Tu cnobs, rom moT-xovnaTa gancalkevebuli garCeva ufro mi-zanSewonilia.3. ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdeni-

me mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovne-


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bis miRebisas, sasarCelo gancxadebis mim-Reb mosamarTles SeuZlia calke warmoe-bad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna,Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebu-li ganxilva ufro mizanSewonilia.4. Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdeni-

me erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erT-maneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSicerTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxare monawi-leobs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ini-ciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaer-Tianos es saqmeebi erT warmoebad erTadganxilvisaTvis, Tu aseT gaerTianebas Sed-egad mohyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-rad ganxilva. mosamarTle, romelsac mima-rTes saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb Suamdgo-mlobiT, Tavis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmesTanaerTianebs Tavis warmoebaSive an sxva mo-samarTlis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmes, risTaobazedac gamoaqvs motivirebuli gan-Cineba.

1. gansxvavebiT sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTiane-bisa, romelic warmoSobs Tanamonawileobas, am muxlispirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs sarCelebis obieqtu-ri gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas e. i. ramdenime sasar-Celo moTxovnis gaerTianebas erTi da imave mopasuxismimarT.

am uflebis realizacia, e.i. ramdenime sasarCelomoTxovnvis gaerTianeba dasaSvebia: a) Tu yvela moTx-ovna cal-calke aRebuli am sasamarTlos gansja-dia. es imas niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba iseTi moTxovneb-is gaerTianeba, romlebic sxvadasxva sasamarTlos gan-sjadia. (magaliTad, erTi moTxovna quTaisis sasamarT-los gansjadia, xolo sxvebi samtrediis sasamarTlosgansjadia da a.S.)

es wesi ar vrceldeba magistrati mosamarTlis gan-

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sjad saqmeebze, romelic am raionis (qalaqis) admin-istraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedebs. amissafuZvels gvaZlevs me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili, romlisTanaxmad Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuliramdenime moTxovna, romelTagan erT-erTi arganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes,am saqmes ganixilavs raionuli sasamarTlos sxva mosa-marTle; b) Tu sarCeli aRZrulia erTi da imave mo-pasuxis mimarT. Tu sarCeli aRiZvris ramdenime mosa-rCelis mier, an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, maSingveqneba sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, anu Tan-amonawileoba da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom undaixelmZRvanelos 86-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

ar aris aucilebeli, rom es gaerTianebuli sxva-dasxva moTxovna erTsa da imave safuZvels, anu erTsada imave faqtobriv garemoebebs emyarebodes. magali-Tad, erT sarCelSi S eiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaer-Tianeba, rogoricaa sesxad micemuli Tanxis dabrune-ba, binis qiris gadaxdevineba, ijaris xelSekrulebisbaTilad cnoba, zianis anazRaureba da a.S. yvela esmoTxovna sxvadasxva faqtobriv da samarTlebrivsafuZvlebs emyareba, magram maTi gaerTianeba dasaS-vebia zemoT miTiTebuli pirobebis dacviT.

2. Cveni ssk-si upiratesobas aniWebs mxareTa ufle-bebis realur dacvas, saqmis sworad da swrafadgadawyvetis interesebs. am interesebiTaa ganpirobe-buli am muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, romsasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamoyosgaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erTi an ramdenimemoTxovna, Tu es misi azriT xels Seuwyobs am moTx-ovnebis sworad da swrafad ganxilvas.

moTxovnebis calke warmoebad (calke warmoebebad)gamoyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

3. 86-e muxli uflebas aZlevs pirebs gaerTiandnenam muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas da


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ise aRZran sarCeli erTi an ramdenime mopasuxiswinaaRmdeg (sarCelebis subieqturi SeerTeba).

182-e muxlis me-3 nawili uflebas aZlevs sasamarT-los Tavisi iniciativiT, mxareebTan winaswari SeT-anxmebis gareSe calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ram-denime moTxovna. gamoyofis safuZveli aqac saproce-so samarTlebrivi xasiaTisaa: saqmeTa ufro swrafi daswori ganxilva -gadawyveta.

moTxovnaTa calke warmoebad gamoyofis SemTxveva-Sic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar Sei-Zleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

4. am muxlis me-4 nawili ki piriqiT iTvaliswinebsam sasamarTloSi aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelebiserT warmoebad gaerTianebas. mniSvneloba ar aqvserTi da igive mxareebi monawileoben Tu ara am saqmeSi.

sasamarTloSi ukve aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelisgaerTianeba erT warmoebad SesaZlebelia ori pirobiserTdroulad arsebobisas: a) Tu gasaerTianebelisaqmeebi erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneT-Tan dakavSirebulia. magaliTad, aRZrulia ramdenimesxvadasxva sarCeli warmoebaSi momxdari avariis Sede-gad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb; b) saqme-Ta gaerTianebas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-rad ganxilva.

erTgvarovania samarTlebrivad saqmeebi Tu ara - esobieqturi niSania da damokidebulia gaerTianebulisaqmeebis xasiaTze da Sinaarsze, magaliTad, Tu ram-denime muSa-mosamsaxurem aRZra sarCeli samuSaozeaRdgenis Sesaxeb, romlebic Statebis Semcirebis gamodaiTxova sawarmos administraciam - es sarCelebi erT-gvarovania da maTi gaerTianebac mizanSewonili iqne-ba. magram, Tu amave administracias sxva muSa-mosamsax-ureTa mimarT aRZruli aqvs sarCeli miyenebuli zianisanazRaurebis Sesaxeb yvela am sarCelis erTad gaer-Tianeba dauSvebelia, radgan isini araa erTmaneTTandakavSirebuli samarTlebrivad da araa erTgvarovani.

mosamarTles SeuZlia gaaerTianos (Tavisi inicia-

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tiviT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT) mxolod mis warmoe-baSi arsebuli, agreTve amave sasamarTlos sxva mosa-marTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebi, ris Sesaxebac mas ga-moaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sxva mosamarTlesTanarsebuli saqmeebis gaerTianebisas mizanSewonili iqne-ba mosamarTlem saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCineb-is gamotanamde winaswar moeTaTbiros sxva mosamar-Tles, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am sasamarTlosTavmjdomares.

saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo sa-Civris Setana ar SeiZleba.

muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis vada

mosamarTle valdebulia sarCelis Caba-rebidan xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi gamoita-nos ganCineba am sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.sarCeli miRebulad miiCneva misi miRebisSesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis dRidan, xo-lo, Tu aRniSnul vadaSi ganCineba gamota-nili ar iqneba, maSin -_ am vadis gasvlisSemdeg.

_ xuTdRiani vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mo-samarTles Cabarda (gadaeca) sarCeli.

xuTi dRe aris vada, romlis ganmavlobaSi mosamar-Tlem an unda miiRos ganCineba misTvis gadacemuli sar-Celis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu aseTi xarvezi ga-aCnia mas (185-e muxli), an miiRos ganCineba sarCeliswarmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.

_ Tu arcerTi es ganCineba miRebuli araa mosamarT-lis mier, maSin sarCeli iTvleba miRebulad da undadaiwyos misi ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadeba ise,rogorc es ganxorcildeboda am sarCelis warmoebaSimiRebis Sesaxeb ganCineba rom yofiliyo gamotanili.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseT sarCels aRmoaCn-


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des xarvezi. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi mis ga-mosasworeblad, magram Tu mosarCele amas ar akeTebs,magaliTad, ar ixdis saxelmwifo baJs, sasamarTlom ma-inc unda moamzados da ganixilos sarCeli, radgan igimiRebulad iTvleba. is, risi gamosworebac mosamarT-lem ver SeZlo momzadebis stadiaze, SeiZleba gamos-wordes am sarCelis mimarT sasamarTlos mier gamota-nili gadawyvetilebiT (magaliTad, daakisros Sesaba-mis mxares baJis gadaxda).

_ 183-e muxlis umTavresi mizani da daniSnulebamdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTloebi gansakuTrebu-li yuradRebiT moeqcnen da droulad Seiswavlon,Seamowmon da gadawyviton sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-bis sakiTxi.

muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTulidokumentebis aslebis gadagzavnamopasuxisaTvis

1. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTloganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg an aseTi ganCi-nebis gamotanis vadis gasvlis Semdeg (amkodeqsis 183-e muxli) mosamarTle valde-bulia gasces gankarguleba am sarCelisada TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis mo-pasuxisaTvis am kodeqsis 201-emuxliTdadgenili wesiT gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.2. sarCelis sasamarTlo warmoebaSi mi-

Rebis Semdeg mxareTa Soris wamoWrili da-va ar SeiZleba romelime sxva sasamarTloman organom ganixilos. amasTan, mxareebs arerTmevaT ufleba gayidon an sxva gziTgaasxvison davis sagani, anda daTmon Tavi-anTi moTxovna.3. amoRebulia.

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1. sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba mosamar-Tlis mier Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg, risT-visac mas eZleva xuTi dRis vada, xolo Tu man am vadaSiganCineba ar miiRo _ xuTi dRis vadis gasvlis Semdeg(183-e muxli).

_ sarCelis da masze darTuli dokumentebis asle-bis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnas sasamarTlo awarmoebs201-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komen-tari). gankarguleba gadagzavnis Sesaxeb unda aisaxosganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.

_ sarCelis da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis mo-pasuxisaTvis gadagzavna unda moxdes dauyovneblivsarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg.

2. me-2 nawilSi xazgasmulia marTlmsajulebis we-siT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis upiratesoba sxvawesiT saqmis ganxilvasTan SedarebiT. amitom, Tu sar-Celi miRebulia warmoebaSi sasamarTlos mier, sxva ara-sasamarTlo organos am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyvetaar SeuZlia, xolo Tu mainc moxdeba es, maSin saqme, e. i.dava mxareTa Soris gadawyvetilad CaiTvleba ise, ro-gorc es sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa gansazRvru-li.

_ rac Seexeba am davis sxva sasamarTlos mier gan-xilvas, roca sarCeli erTdrouladaa Sesuli or an metsasamarTloSi, rac alternatiuli gansjadobis drosSeiZleba moxdes, kolizia gadaWrilia imis mixedviT,Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre Sevida es sarCe-li. vadis gamoTvla unda moxdes imis mixedviT, Tu ro-mel sasamarTloSi ufro adre miiRes ganCineba sarCe-lis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romeli dRidan iT-vleba igi miRebulad, roca aseTi ganCineba ratomRacar iyo gamotanili (183-e muxli).

3. yovelTvis, roca araa gatarebuli sarCelis uz-runvelyofis RonisZiebebi, mxareebs ufleba aqvT ga-yidon, gaaCuqon davis sagani, an daTmon moTxovna.

aseT SemTxvevaSi am mxaris nacvlad saqmeSi Caebme-ba uflebamonacvle (ix. 92-e muxlis komentari).


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muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCinebada sarCelis ukan dabruneba

Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom sarCeliSetanilia am kodeqsis 178-e da 179-e mux-lebSi miTiTebuli pirobebis darRveviT an/da saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili an/da saqmeSi ar aris warmomadgenlis ufle-bamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, igigamoitans xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCinebas damosarCeles dauniSnavs vadas mis Sesavse-bad. Tu mosarCele daniSnul vadaSi SeavsebsganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamar-Tle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis war-moebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb; winaaRmdeg SemTx-vevaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebassarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisada misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesax-eb, razedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Set-ana. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTx-vevaSi saxelmwifo baJi eqvemdebareba mTli-anad dabrunebas.

_ mosamarTle, sarCelis misTvis Cabarebidan xuTidRis ganmavlobaSi, yuradRebiT unda gaecnos sarCelsim TvalsazrisiT, pasuxobs Tu ara igi 178-e da 179-emuxlebis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlebis komentari). TuaRmoCndeba, rom igi ar pasuxobs romelime am moTxov-nas, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas xarvezis Sevse-bis Sesaxeb, romelSic amomwuravad unda iyos miTi-Tebuli Tu ra xarvezi (xarvezebi) gaaCnia am sarCelsda ra vadaSi unda aRmoifxvras es xarvezi. xarvezisSevsebisaTvis vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo imis mi-xedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis moqmedeba unda Seasrulos mo-sarCelem da ra vada iqneba amisaTvis saWiro.

- ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb mosamarTlesgamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca sarCeli Seaqvs da masze

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xels awers mosarCelis warmomadgeneli, Tumca mas argaaCnia amisaTvis specialuri uflebamosileba (ix.98-eda 178-e muxlebis komentari).

_ ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb unda Cabar-des mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

_ rogorc ki xarvezis Sevsebis vada amoiwureba, Tuxarvezi am vadaSi ar iyo Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoi-tans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmisa (186-e muxlis „T“ qvepunqti) da misi mosarCeli-saTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba, sarCeli da mas-ze TandarTuli masalebi unda Cabardes da daubrun-des mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

_ am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 416-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos kerZo saCivari amganCinebaze, magram mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmisganaxleba, rogorc zogjer amas adgili aqvs praqtika-Si. Tu ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uar-isTqmis Sesaxeb gauqmdeba, sasamarTlo gamoitans gan-Cinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis (da ara saqmis ga-naxlebis) Sesaxeb.

_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sem-TxvevaSi, mosarCeles ubrundeba saxelmwifo baJic,Tu igi Setanili iyo.

muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uarisTqma

1. mosamarTle ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu:a) sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo

uwyebas;b) arsebobs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

an ganCineba mosarCelis mier sarCelze ua-ris Tqmis, mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobisan mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb;g) am an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSia

saqme davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave


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saganze da imave safuZvliT;d) mxareebs dadebuli aqvT xelSekrule-

ba, rom maT Soris dava gadasawyvetad ga-daeces kerZo arbitraJs;e) saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris;v) sarCeli Seitana qmeduunaro pirma;z) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT ganc-

xadeba Seitana pirma, romelsac ara aqvsuflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze.T) mosarCelem ar Seavso sasamarTlos

mier miTiTebuli sarCelis xarvezi (am kod-eqsis 185-e muxli).2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis „e“, „z“„

da „T“ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulisafuZvlebiT mosamarTlis uari gancxadeb-is miRebaze xels ar uSlis, ganmeorebiTmimarTon sasamarTlos imave sarCeliT, Tuacilebeli iqneba daSvebuli darRveva.

1. sarCeli SeiZleba pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,rac gaTvaliswinebulia 178-e, 179-e da 185-e muxlebiT,magram igi SeiZleba mainc ar miiRos sasamarTlom, rad-gan ar arsebobs sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebi. es wa-namZRvrebi miTiTebulia am muxlSi.

a) saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareo-ba (sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba) zogadad gansazRvru-lia me-11 muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarT-lo ver ganixilavs sarCels, Tu misi ganxilva ar SedissasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom misi ganxilva ar eq-vemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad.

Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo aseTi sarCeli,magram SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom ar unda mieRo arasaq-veuwyebobis gamo, maSin igive sasamarTlo gamoitans me-ore ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272-

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e muxli), ise rom arc ki gaauqmebs Tavis TavdapirvelganCinebas sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.

b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia imave sarCelze,e. i. davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da ima-ve safuZvliT. igi efuZneba akrZalvas, romlis mixed-viT gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdegmxareebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon sasamarT-loSi igive sarCeli (266-e muxli).

_ igive Sedegebi ukavSirdeba sasamarTlo ganCine-bas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rommosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, mopasuxem cno sarCe-li, an kidev, mxareebi morigdnen.

Tu es sakiTxi gairkva mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlommiiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, mosamarTle Sewyvets saq-mis warmoebas ssk 272-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis Sesaba-misad (ix. am muxlis komentari).

g) ar SeiZleba erTi da igive sarCeli erTdrouladganixilebodes imave sasamarTloSi sxva mosamarTlisan sxva Semadgenlobis mier, an sxva sasamarTloSi. er-Ti da igive sarCelis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi ganxil-vis SesaZleblobis daSveba niSnavs erTsa da imave saq-meze sxvadasxva Sinaarsis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-bis arsebobis daSvebas: erTma sasamarTlom SeiZlebagamoitanos gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebisSesaxeb, xolo meorem _ sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.cxadia, rom am gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba SeuZle-beli iqneba.

_ Tu or an met sasamarTloSi Setanilia erTi da igi-ve sarCeli, saqme unda ganixilos im sasamarTlom, ro-melmac yvelaze adre miiRo ganCineba sarCelis war-moebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romelSic igi ufro adremiRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).

Tu sasamarTlom yovelive amis Sesaxeb Seityo arasarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis etapze, aramed misi mi-Rebis Semdeg, maSin gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ga-


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nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis ̀ e~ qvepun-qtis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari).

d) mxareTa Soris dadebul SeTanxmebas davis kerZoarbitraJisaTvis (samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis) ga-dacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala, rogorc TviTonmxareebisaTvis, ise sasamarTlosaTvis. amitom, aseTiSeTanxmebis (xelSekrulebis) arsebobisas sasamarT-los ufleba ar aqvs miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli, xo-lo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba(272-e muxlis ̀ v~ qvepunqti).

_ mxareebs, cxadia, SeuZliaT gaauqmon TavianTi Se-Tanxmeba axali SeTanxmebiT, uari Tqvan davis kerZoarbitraJSi ganxilvaze da am davis ganxilva kvlav sa-erTo sasamarTlos dauqvemdebaron, magram yovelivees mxareebma werilobiT unda gaaformon da ise warud-ginon sasamarTlos.

e) gansjadoba gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze: romeli sa-samarTlos gansaxilvelia sarCeli. samoqalaqo sapro-ceso kodeqsis me-13-24-e muxlebi awesrigeben gansja-dobas. principi aseTia: saqme unda ganixilos gansjad-ma sasamarTlom. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sarCeli aRZ-rulia aragansjad sasamarTloSi, am sasamarTlos Se-uZlia ar miiRos igi gansaxilvelad.

_ amasTan erTad, gansjadobis darRveva ar warmo-adgens gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvels. garkve-uli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTloSeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes Tu arsebobs amis TaobazemxareTa SeTanxmeba, an Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi araa,rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom (21-emuxli). gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zemdgomi ins-tanciis sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gansjadobaara Tavisi iniciativiT, aramed mxaris TxovniT da impirobiT, Tu gansjadobis Semowmebis sakiTxi jer ki-dev pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvisas iyo mopa-suxis mier dayenebuli (377-e muxli).

v) qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia aseTad (322-e mux-

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li). Tu sasamarTlom aseTi pirisagan miiRo sarCeli,mas SeuZlia datovos igi ganuxilvelad, magram SeuZ-lia ganixilos igi da saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri war-momadgeneli, xolo Tu aseTi ar yavs dauniSnos mas sap-roceso warmomadgeneli (82-e da 275-e muxlebi).

z) mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSipiradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT (93-e muxli).

_ dainteresebul pirad iTvleba is piri, romlis uf-lebis dasacavadac warmomadgenels Seaqvs sarCeli. ga-dawyvetilebas sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis SesaxebiReben TviTon dainteresebuli pirebi (mxareebi). es ma-Ti fundamenturi uflebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, pirs,romelsac Seaqvs sarCeli sxva piris uflebis dasaca-vad (warmomadgeneli) saTanadod, e. i. kanonis moTxov-naTa dacviT unda hqondes gaformebuli specialuriuflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix. 98-e muxlis komentari).

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT ̀ piri, romel-sac ar aqvs uflebamosileba sxva piris uflebis dasa-cavad sarCelis aRZvraze da arasaTanado mxare, ker-Zod, arasaTanado mosarCele. arasaTanado mosarCe-le _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlossarCeliT Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca ufle-ba, romlis dacvasac igi moiTxovs, sinamdvileSi ekuT-vnis ara mas, aramed sxvas. es is SemTxvevaa, romelsacSeiZleba vuwodoT Secdoma uflebaSi. rac Seexebaarauflebamosil pirs _ es iseTi piria, romelic aRZ-ravs sarCels ara Tavisi, aramed sxva piris uflebisdasacavad. kanons es savsebiT dasaSvebad miaCnia, mag-ram moiTxovs aseTi uflebamosilebis saTanadod ga-formebas (98-e muxli).

T) sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRe-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb im SemTxvevaSic, rodesacmosarCele ar Seavsebs sasamarTlos mier miTiTebulxarvezs daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 185-e muxlis komentari).

2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili sarCelisuflebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi wanamZRvrebis arse-bobis Tu ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles gamo-


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aqvs ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.Tu sarCelis miRebaze uari eTqva am muxlis ̀ a~, ̀ b~ da`d~ punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, maSinmosarCeles ar SeuZlia kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlosigive sarCeliT. uaris Tqma sarCelis miRebaze am mux-liT gaTvalisiwinebuli nebismieri sxva safuZvliTxels ar uSlis mosarCeles kvlav mimarTos sasamarT-los igive sarCeliT, Tu isini acilebuli iqneba.

_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCineba-ze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (187-e muxli).

_ Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli, rome-lic ar unda mieRo da sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvre-bis arseboba-ararseboba gamovlinda mas Semdeg, rocasarCeli warmoebaSi iqna miRebuli, kanoni TviTon gan-sazRvravs am Secdomis gamosworebis saSualebebs: imismixedviT, Tu romeli winamZRvari arsebobs, mosamar-Tle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb, an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb(ix. 187-e muxlis komentari).

sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mosar-Celes ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.

muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelismiRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb

1. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SesaxebmosamarTle gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCi-nebas. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmamotivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli amsasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, mosamarT-le valdebulia miuTiTos Tavis ganCineba-Si, Tu romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mo-sarCelem. ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos ag-reTve, Tu rogor unda iqnes acilebulisaqmis aRZvris damabrkolebeli garemoeba-ni.2. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb

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mosamarTlis ganCineba Cabardeba mosarCe-les, romelsac imavdroulad ubrundebamis mier Setanili sabuTebi. Tu sarCelismiRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamov-lindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisSemdeg, maSin imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria essafuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmiswarmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad da-tovebs (am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e mux-lebi).3. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb

ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma niSnavs uflebis dac-vaze da saerTod, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba-ze uaris Tqmas. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri rCeba samarT-lebrivi dacvis miRma. cxadia, rom sarCelis miRebazeuaris Tqmas sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliTunda moekidos.

1. SemTxveviTi araa is, rom am muxlis pirveli nawilimoiTxovs sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mo-tivirebas (dasabuTebas). am ganCinebis motivireba ki Se-saZlebelia 186-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis ufle-bis wanamZRvrebis arsebobiT an ararsebobiT, rac naT-lad da zustad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli ganCinebaSi.

_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCineba-Si imaze miTiTeba, Tu rogor iqnes acilebuli is winam-ZRvrebi, ris gamoc aseTi ganCineba iqna gamotanili, ammuxlis kategoriuli moTxovnaa, Tumca zogjer es Se-uZlebelia. magaliTad, Tu ganCineba sarCelis miReba-ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb motivirebulia imiT, rom es sar-Celi ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad, an ki-dev, arsebobs am sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetile-ba imave mxareebs Soris, maSin wanamZRvrebis Tavidanacileba SeuZlebelia. magram, Tu ganCineba motivire-bulia imiT, rom sarCeli Seitana arauflebamosilmapirma, an araqmedunarianma pirma da a. S. maSin sasamar-


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Tlom unda miuTiTos, rom uflebamosilebis saTana-dod gaformebis Semdeg warmomadgenels kvlav SeuZ-lia Seitanos igive sarCeli, an kidev, qmeduunaros ka-nonier warmomadgenels, an TviTon mas, Tu sasamarT-los mier is qmedunarianad iqneba kvlav aRiarebuli(327-e muxli).

2. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SesaxebmosarCeles unda Cabardes 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgeni-li wesiT.

_ mas ubrundeba agreTve sabuTebi, romlebic TanerTvoda sarCels, magram ara sasarCelo gancxadeba,romelic ganCinebasTan erTad rCeba saqmeSi. gamonak-liss am mxriv warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-baze uarisTqma xarvezis Seuvseblobis gamo. aseTSemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba sarCelic (ix. 185-e muxli). masve ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelm-wifo baJic. mniSvnelovania aqve aRiniSnos, rom TusarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlin-deba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imismixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sew-yvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad da-tovebs (ix. am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi.)

3. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilvaxdeba 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

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T a v i XXII

Segebebuli sarGeli

muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelisaRZvra

1. mopasuxes ufleba aqvs misTvis sarCe-lis aslis Cabarebis dRidan saqmis zepiriganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis dam-Tavrebamde aRZras mosarCelis mimarT Se-gebebuli sarCeli pirvandel sarCelTan er-Tad gansaxilvelad.2. am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes

SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasa-marTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu saqmiszepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzade-bis damTavrebamde Segebebuli sarCeliswardgena ver moxda sapatio mizeziT. sap-atio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-emuxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoe-bebi.

Segebuli sarCeli SesagebelTan (SepasuxebasTan)erTad mopasuxis sarCelisagan Tavdacvis erT-erTi sa-Sualebaa. Segebebuli sarCeli gansxvavdeba Sesagebli-sagan: mopasuxis Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) yovelTvis mi-marTulia sarCelis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli dasabu-Tebulobis gaqarwylebisaken. Segebebuli sarCeliczogjer igive mizansac SeiZleba isaxavdes, magram zog-jer piriqiT, igi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir ZiriTadisarCelis aRiarebasac niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac Se-gebebuli sarCeli mimarTulia ZiriTadi sasarCelomoTxovnis CasaTvlelad, mopasuxe ar uaryofs am moT-xovnis dasabuTebulobas; misi mizania mxolod is, romsasamarTlom es Segebebuli moTxovna CauTvalos mo-sarCeles mis ZiriTad moTxovnaSi. garda amisa, Segebe-


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buli sarCeliT mopasuxe ara marto icavs Tavs ZiriTa-di sarCelisagan, aramed imavdroulad icavs Tavis pi-rad uflebasac.

praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca yovel-gvari dasabuTebis gareSe gadawyvetilebiT uari eTq-va mopasuxes Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebaze,sakasacio sasamarTlom araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom sasa-marTlom unda imsjelos am sarCelebis safuZvliano-bis Sesaxeb da gamoitanos maT mimarT motivirebuligadawyvetileba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba ssk394-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze misi gauqme-bis absoluturi safuZveli.23

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs vadas,romlis ganmavlobaSic mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Se-gebebuli sarCeli. es vada emTxveva saqmis momzadebisdamTavrebis vadas.

_ saqmis momzadeba damTavrebulad iTvleba im mo-mentidan, roca mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saq-mis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli).

2. am ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZ-lia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqro-bis dawyebamde, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Tavis droze (ix.am muxlis pirveli nawili) igi ver aRiZra sapatio mi-zeziT. mizezis sapatioba, amrigad, aris ara Segebebu-li sarCelis miRebis (189-e muxli), aramed misi aRZv-ris winapiroba. aris Tu ara Segebebuli sarCelis dro-ulad aRuZvrelobis mizezi sapatio _ gadawyvets sa-samarTlo. (ix. 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).paeqrobis dawyebis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZ-vra dauSvebelia.

23 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2001,#6,gv. 564.

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muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelismiRebis pirobebi

1. Segebebuli sarCelis wardgena SeiZle-ba sarCelis wardgenis Sesaxeb arsebuliwesebis dacviT.2. miiRebs Segebebul sarCels, Tu:a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimar-

Tulia pirvandeli moTxovnis CasaTvlelad;b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba

mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoricxavs pir-vandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZ-leblobas;g) Segebebul sarCelsa da pirvandel sar-

Cels Soris aris urTierTkavSiri da maTierTad ganxilvis Sedegad aRZruli davaufro swrafad da sworad gadawydeba.3. pirvandeli da Segebebuli sarCelis

erTad ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs erToblivi gadawyvetileba, garda245-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswne-buli SemTxvevebisa.

1. Segebebuli sarCeli _ Cveulebrivi sarCelia. Se-gebebuli mas imitom ewodeba, rom igi aRiZvris sxva Zi-riTadi (Tavdapirveli) sarCelis gamo, Tumca rom araes ZiriTadi sarCeli, igi SeiZleba aRZruliyo rogorcdamoukidebeli da ZiriTadi sarCeli.

_ amitom, Segebebul sarCels waeyeneba igive moT-xovnebi, rac nebismier sxva sarCels. kerZod, misi Si-naarsi unda Seesabamebodes 178-e da 179-e muxlis moT-xovnebs, agreTve unda pasuxobdes 186-e muxlis moT-xovnebs, garda am muxlis `e~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebulipirobisa gansjadobis Sesaxeb, radgan Segebebuli sar-Celi SeiZleba aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romelic ixi-lavs Tavdapirvel sarCels.

2. garda sarCelis dasaSvebobisa da sarCelis miRe-


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bis saerTo pirobebisa, Segebebuli sarCeli unda pa-suxobdes am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebul specia-lur (damatebiT) pirobebs. es pirobebia:

a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pir-vandeli sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad.

_ magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli zaralis anazRau-rebis Sesaxeb 1000 laris odenobiT. mopasuxem aRZraSegebebuli sarCeli da moiTxova mosarCelisagan 800laris gadaxdevineba, rac mas sesxis saxiT hqonda ga-cemuli mosarCelisaTvis. amasTan erTad, mopasuxemsTxova sasamarTlos CauTvalos aRniSnuli 800 larizaralis anazRaurebaSi da daakisros mas 200 laris mo-sarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda.

valdebulebis Sewyveta CaTvliT gaTvaliswinebu-lia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 442-e muxliT.24

b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad annawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakma-yofilebis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad, aRZrulia sar-Celi binis damqiraveblis binidan gamosaxlebis Sesa-xeb, im motiviT, rom igi uars ambobs gadaixados qira.mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli, raTa igi cnon sa-davo binis mesakuTred (an TanamesakuTred). cxadia,rom Tu Segebebuli sarCeli dakmayofildeba da mopa-suxe cnobili iqneba binis mesakuTred, maSin gamoiric-xeba pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofileba.

g) Segebebul da pirvandel sarCelebs Soris arisurTierTkavSiri.

_ magaliTad, nivTis mimbarebelma aRZra sarCeli amnivTis Semnaxvelis mimarT Sesanaxad mibarebuli niv-Tis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. Semnaxvelma Tavis mxrivaRZra Segebebuli sarCeli SenaxvisaTvis gaweuli xar-jebis 1000 laris odenobiT nivTis mimbarebelze da-kisrebis Sesaxeb (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 776-e muxli). aqurTierTkavSiri pirvandel sarCelsa da SegebebulisarCels Soris aSkaraa.

24 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,Tb.,2001,gv.544

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_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelisumoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb, an kidev, ganCinebaze Se-gebebuli sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZ-leba Setanil iqnes kerZo saCivari.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRniSnuli ganCinebebi ga-motanilia dagvianebiT aRZruli Segebebuli sarCele-bis mimarT (magaliTad, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-vis dros) _ es ver gaxdeba saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasa-marTlos mTavari sxdomis gadadebis sababi. sasamarT-lom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanosgadawyvetileba, xolo Tu Semotanili iyo kerZo saCi-vari, igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gasaCivrebul sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.

sasamarTloebma ar unda dauSvan, rom Segebebu-li sarCelebi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvisgaWianurebis mizniT.

_ rac Seexeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, e. i. dro-ulad aRZrul Segebebul sarCelebze gamotanil gan-Cinebebze Semotanil kerZo saCivrebs, isini ganxilulunda iqnes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (414-420-e muxle-bi).

3. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mTavarimizania maTi erTad ganxilva da erToblivad gadawyve-ta. magram SeiZleba ise moxdes, rom, yvelaferi gar-kveulia erT-erTis mimarT, magram araa garkveuli me-oris mimarT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZliagamoitanos ara erToblivi, aramed gadawyvetile-ba erT-erTis mimarT romelic mzadaa gadawyvetile-bis gamosatanad (245-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac man undamiuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi. erT-erT saqmeze sa-kasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im moti-viT, rom ̀ sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba mxolodZiriTadi sarCelis mimarT da araferi Tqva SegebebulsarCelze, riTac daarRvia ssk 189-e muxli~.25

25susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.564.


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muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebaSegebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo

1. Tu Segebebuli sarCeli aRZruli damiRebulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis dam-Tavrebis Semdeg, mosarCelis TxovniT ansasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba am saq-mis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba.2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebiT gamowveuli

xarjebi daekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac dag-vianebiT aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.

1. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia saqmis wi-naswari momzadebis damTavrebamde, e. i, saqmis mTavarsxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde. amvadis gasvlis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra da-saSvebia mxolod im pirobiT Tu es vada sapatio mize-ziT iyo gaSvebuli (188-e muxli). Tu am moTxovnaTagaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlom miiRo Segebebuli sar-Celi saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. masSemdeg, roca miRebulia ganCineba saqmis mTavar sxdo-maze daniSvnis Sesaxeb, an saqmis mTavar sxdomaze gan-xilvis dros, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gadados am saqmisganxilva sxva droisaTvis. gadadeba SeiZleba moxdesim motiviT, rom saWiroa Segebebuli sarCelis gansa-xilvelad momzadeba, magram Tu Tavdapirveli mosar-Cele ar moiTxovs gadadebas da arc sasamarTlos miaC-nia aucileblad _ saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba ar gadai-dos.

2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba SeiZleba dakavSirebu-li iyos garkveul xarjebTan, romlebic gamowveuliamowmeTa ganmeorebiT gamoZaxebiT, axali mowmeebismowveviT, axali mtkicebulebebis gamoTxoviT, Tar-jimnis ganmeorebiT mowveviT da a. S.

yvela am xarjis dafarvis movaleoba daekisreba mo-pasuxes, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man dagvianebiTaRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.

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T a v i XXIII

sarGelis uzrunvelyofa

muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

1. mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarT-los sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-adebiT, romelic unda Seicavdes miTiTebasim garemoebebze, romelTa gamoc uzrunve-lyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebsan SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aR-srulebas da Sesabamis dasabuTebas, Tuuzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZiebis gatarebamiaCnia mosarCeles aucileblad. Tu sasa-marTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi,rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuReblobagaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadaw-yvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs gan-Cineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.2. gancxadebas, romliTac piri iTxovs

uZrav qonebaze yadaRis dadebas, unda daer-Tos cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabam-isi dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeba uZravqonebaze mopasuxis sakuTrebis ufleba.3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

gancxadebas ar axlavs am muxlis me-2nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli cnoba sajaroreestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, andasaxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Taoba-ze da ganmcxadebels aZlevs vadas mis Sesav-sebad. daniSnul vadaSi xarvezis Seuvse-blobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi gan-CinebiT gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs,rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.


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1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa esaa gadawyvetilebisrealurad aRsrulebisaTvis mosalodneli dabrkole-bis Tavidan acileba, mopasuxis mier Tavisi qonebis anfuladi saxsrebis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvisgziT.

sarCelis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos iniciati-viT dauSvebelia. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyo-fis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos ara marto mosarCelem,aramed mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ag-reTve mopasuxem , Tu man aRZra Segebebuli sarCelida moiTxovs mis uzrunvelyofas.

gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, gar-da yvela sxva saxis gancxadebisaTvis saWiro rekvizi-tebisa, unda Seicavdes miTiTebas: a) im faqtobriv ga-remoebebze, romelTa gamo uzrunvelyofis RonisZi-ebebis miuRebloba gaarTulebs an SeuZlebels gaxdisgadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas; b) miTiTebas mowinaaR-mdege mxaris im qonebaze an fulad saxsrebze (anga-riSebze bankSi da sxva), romelTa mimarT unda moxdesuzrunvelyofa ; g) miTiTebas uzrunvelyofis Ro-nisZiebebze, romlis gatarebac ganmcxadebels miaCniaaucileblad.

sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvely-ofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli,wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesa-bamisad (ix. 198-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aqedan ga-momdinare, mosamarTlem unda ganixilos mxolodmosarCelis mier miTiTebuli uzrunvelyofisRonisZiebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. Tu aseTiganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom es RonisZiebaver uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb arkmayofildeba.

2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba gatardes imqonebaze, romelic ekuTvnis mopasuxes. am muxlis me-2nawili gansazRvravs mtkicebulebebs, romelTa meSve-obiT SeiZleba mopasuxis sakuTrebis uflebis dadas-

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tureba mxolod mis uZrav qonebaze. mopasuxis sxvaqonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis dadasturebisaTvismtkicebulebaTa saxeebi winaswar gansazRvruli araa,rac imas niSnavs, rom SeiZleba nebismieri mtkice-bulebis gamoyeneba.

sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is gare-moeba, rom „uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa registraciisSesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis me-4 nawi-lis Tanaxmad „amonaweri sajaro reestridan ZalaSiagacemis momentidan 10 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi“. amvadiT unda ganisazRvros sajaro reestris mier gacemu-li cnobis Zalac, Tu aseTi cnoba iyo warmodgenili.

3. am muxlis me-3 nawili moiTxovs, rom Tu sakiTxiexeba mopasuxis uZrav qonebaze uzrunvelyofisRonisZiebis gatarebas, maSin gancxadebas aucilebladunda daerTos am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli mt-kicebulebebi, Tu es mtkicebulebebi ar erTvis gancx-adebas, an Tu saxelmwifo baJi araa gadaxdili, sasa-marTlo uniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels Seavsosxarvezi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gancxadebas ganuxil-velad datovebs.

SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi ra saxelmwifo baJi ig-ulisxmeba aq: saxelmwifo baJi, romelsac mosarCeleixdis winaswar sarCelis ganxilvisaTvis (38-e muxlis„a“ qvepunqti), Tu damatebiT kidev gancxadebisaTvissarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.

SeiZleboda gvefiqra da ufro swori iqnebodaTu praqtika am gziT wavidoda, rom aq mxedveloba-Sia jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze ba-Jis gadaxda (192-e muxli), romlis odenoba Sead-gens 50 lars (39-e muxlis „e“ qvepunqti). saqme isaa,rom Tu sarCeli aRZrulia da warmoebaSia miRebu-li, amisaTvis mosarCele winaswar ixdis baJs. amsarCelis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT calkeulisaproceso moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis, maTSoris sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mosarCelebaJs aRar unda ixdides.


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191-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, agreTve momdevno mux-lebSi miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganCinebaTa „sa-CivriT gasaCivrebaze“, an „saCivris Setanaze“. raaris es saCivris axali saxe Tu igive kerZo saCivari?amis Sesaxeb ixileT 197-e da 1971 muxlebis komentari.

muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis SesaxebsasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde

1. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi SeiZlebaSetanil iqnes sasamarTloSi sarCelis aR-Zvramde.2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebuli gancxadebis sasamarTlos mierdakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sar-Celis SetanisaTvis daniSnavs gonivrulvadas, magram aranakleb 5 da ara umetes10 dRisa ganCinebis mxarisTvis Cabarebismomentidan. Tu sasamarTlos mier daniS-nul vadaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebgancxadebis Semtani piri ar aRZravs sar-Cels, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT anmowinaaRmdege mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZ-velze gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis uzrun-velsayofad mis mier miRebuli RonisZiebe-bis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

1. jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesa-xeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSimxolod ̀ gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi~.

_ gadaudebeli SemTxveva SeiZleba sxvadasxva ga-remoebiT iyos gamowveuli (qonebis mosalodneli ga-yidva, gaCuqeba, xSirad fiqtiuri gasxviseba, gadamal-va da a. S.), magram ra garemoebiTac ar unda iyos gamow-

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veuli, ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos jer ar aRZ-ruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gadaudebloba.

2. jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas Tavi-si iniciativiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs gonivrul vadas,romlis ganmavlobaSic, Tu ganmcxadebeli ar aRZravssarCels, gamotanili iqneba ganCineba sarCelis uzrun-velyofis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gonivruli vadis farglebi gan-sazRvra TviTon kanonmdebelma (aranakleb 5 da arau-metes 10 dRisa). sasamarTlos SeuZlia am farglebSigansazRvros im sarCelis Setanis vada, romelic misaRZvramde iyo uzrunvelyofili.

_ ganCinebaSi jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvel-yofis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos ara marto imis Sesaxeb,rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmdeba, Tu am gan-CinebiT daniSnul vadaSi sarCeli ar iqneba aRZruli,aramed imis Sesaxebac, rom ganmcxadebels daevalebaim zaralis anazRaureba, rac miadga mowinaaRmdege mxa-res uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT (199-emuxlis me-2 nawili).

muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi

gancxadebas sarCelis uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb gadawyvets am sarCelis ganmxilve-li sasamarTlo gancxadebis Setanidan erTidRis vadaSi, mopasuxisTvis Seutyobineblad.

sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, SeiZleba iTqvas, swrafi(daCqarebuli) procesia. mosamarTles, mowinaaRmdegemxaris mowvevisa da monawileobis gareSe gamoaqvs gan-Cineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. aseve swra-fad da dauyovnebliv, e. i. misi gamotanisTanave ganCi-neba, Tu am ganCinebiT dadginda sarCelis uzrunvely-ofa, unda Cabardes (gaegzavnos) mowinaaRmdege mxa-res, raTa man SeZlos gaasaCivros igi, an moiTxovos sxvasaproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba.


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muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic undaupasuxebdes ganCinebisaTvis 285-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da romelSicunda mieTiTos, uzrunvelyofis romelikonkretuli RonisZieba SearCia sasamarT-lom.2. sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamota-

nil ganCinebaze mopasuxes SeuZlia Seita-nos saCivari, romelic unda Seicavdes:a) sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotani-

li ganCinebis zust dasaxelebas;b) miTiTebas, Tu ra zomiT unda gauqmdes

an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Se-saxeb;g) garemoebebs, romelTa gamoc unda ga-

uqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvel-yofis Sesaxeb.3. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-

marTlo ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Sead-gens xuT dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba arSeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uz-runvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mopasuxi-saTvis gadacemis momentidan.4. saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs uzrun-

velyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsrulebas,magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia garkveuli dro-iT SeaCeros aRsruleba an gaauqmos uzrun-velyofisaTvis ukve miRebuli RonisZiebebi.5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-

adebis daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrun-velyofaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze. sasamarT-losTvis imave saganze da imave safuZvliT

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xelmeored mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi miiRebaganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datove-bis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.

1. garda saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Sei-cavdes ganCineba (285-e muxli), ganCineba sarCelis uz-runvelyofis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) uzrunvelyo-fis romeli konkretuli RonisZieba gaatara sasamar-Tlom (198-e muxli); b) im qonebis adgilmdebareobas daindividualur niSnebs, romelTa mimarTac gatardaRonisZieba; g) TiToeuli nivTis srul da zust saxel-wodebas, maT wonas, parametrebs da a. S.

_ ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda SeicavdesmiTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi dauyonebliv unda aR-sruldes, agreTve gasaCivrebis vadas (195-e muxli).

2. saCivari uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sasamarTlo gan-Cinebis gauqmebis Tu Secvlis Sesaxeb, garda yvela ase-Ti saCivris saerTo rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes imgaremoebebze miTiTebas, romelTa safuZvelzec undagauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba. am garemoebaTa damt-kicebis tvirTi ekisreba momCivans.

3. vinaidan, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saq-mis warmoeba daCqarebuli warmoebaa (193-e muxli), ammuxlis me-3 nawilic iTvaliswinebs saCivris SetanisSemoklebul xuTdRian vadas, maSin rodesac kerZo sa-Civris Setanis saerTo vadaa 12 dRe (416-e muxli). esvada iwyeba ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tueswreboda mowinaaRmdege mxare, an im droidan, rocamopasuxes (mowinaaRmdege mxares) Cabarda ganCineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

4. saCivris Setana avtomaturad ar aCerebs uzrun-velyofis RonisZiebis gatarebas. sasamarTlos momCi-vanis gancxadebiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba uz-runvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an misi gatarebisSeCerebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv am ganCinebazec SeiZle-ba saCivris Setana (197-e muxli).

uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis (moxsnis) Se-


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saxeb ganCineba sasamarTlom mxareTa TxovniT an Tavi-si iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos Sesabamis maregist-rirebel organoebs im SezRudvebis moxsnis mizniT,rac uzrunvelyofis gauqmebuli RonisZiebiT iyo gaT-valiswinebuli.

5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis SesaxebsasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mxares ufle-ba ar aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos imave saganze daimave safuZvliT, xolo Tu mimarTavs sasamarTlo gam-oitans ganCinebas gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datoveb-is Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana.

muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba

sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos ganCinebis aRsruleba dauyovneb-liv xorcieldeba, sasamarTlo gadawyveti-lebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT.

_ ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb mar-Talia dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, magram es imasar niSnavs, rom igi dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier Zala-Si. miuxedavad am ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uzrun-velyofis RonisZiebebisa, misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba 5dReSi mopasuxisaTvis am ganCinebis gadacemis dRidan,rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia 194-e muxlis me-3 nawi-liT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ radgan uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsru-leba warmoebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dad-genili wesiT, sasamarTlom unda gasces saaRsrulebofurceli misi gamotanisTanave. saaRsrulebo furce-li ganCinebasTan erTad gadaecema mxares saaRsrule-bo biuroSi warsadgenad.

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muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiserTi saxis Secvla meoriT

1. mxareTa TxovniT dasaSvebia sarCelisuzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvla.2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis

meoriT Secvlis sakiTxis ganxilva dasaSve-bia saqmis yvela stadiaze, ris SesaxebacecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxa-debloba ver daabrkolebs am sakiTxis ga-dawyvetas.3. fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesa-

xeb sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas mopasuxesSeuZlia miRebul uzrunvelyofis Ronis-ZiebaTa nacvlad mosarCelis mier moTxov-nili Tanxa Seitanos sasamarTlos sadepo-zito angariSze.

1. gancxadebiT sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi sa-xis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia mi-marTos rogorc mosarCelem, ise mopasuxem. magaliTad,sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlomgamoiyena yadaRa. dainteresebulma mxarem moiTxovamisi Secvla garkveuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZal-viT (magaliTad, binis gaqiravebis) am binaSi saremon-to samuSaoebis Catarebis akrZalva da a. S.).

2. gancxadeba uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Sec-vlis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze,magram es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom es wesi gamoye-nebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. ami-tom, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gansaxilvelad aseTigancxadebebi, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo aR-Zruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (215-e muxli).

3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe mxare SeitanssasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze Tanxas im odeno-biT, ra odenobiTac aRZrulia sarCeli (an jer araRZ-


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ruli sarCeli), sasamarTlom unda Secvalos uzrun-velyofis mis mier miRebuli RonisZieba.

muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofisSesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba

1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tq-mis, sarCelis uzrunvelyfois gauqmebis ansarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis me-oriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebazeSeiZleba saCivris Setana. ganCinebis gasa-Civrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadisgagrZeleba ar SeiZleba da misi dena iwye-ba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gan-Cinebis mxarisTvis gadacemis momentidan.2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an

sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis me-oriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebazesaCivris Setana SeaCerebs am ganCinebisaRsrulebas.

1. 197-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs im gan-CinebaTa wres, romlebzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana,vadas romlis ganmavlobaSiac SeiZleba am saCivris Set-ana da moments, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada. gasa-Civrebis vada am muxlis Tanaxmad iwyeba im momentidan,rodesac mxares gadaeca ganCineba sarCelis uzrunve-lyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ganCineba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an ganCineba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb.

marTalia 197-e muxlSi amis Sesaxeb araa miTiTebu-li, magram rogorc es dadgenilia sasamarTlo gadaw-yvetilebaTa gasaCivrebisa (369-e muxlis me-2 nawili)da kerZo saCivris Setanis vadebis mimarT (416-e mux-li), Tu zemoT miTiTebuli ganCinebebis gamocxadebaseswreboda gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone piri, maSin maTigasaCivrebis vada (da ara am vadis dena ix. me-60 muxli)iwyeba am ganCinebebis gamocxadebis dRidan.

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2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasa-Civreba avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aR-srulebas (194-e muxlis me-4 nawili), magram sarCelisuzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an erTi saxis meoriT Secv-lis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze saCivris Setana avtomaturadSeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas, ris Sesaxebac sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba („ganCineba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Taobaze gamot-anili ganCinebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb“), racdauyonebliv unda ecnobos saaRsrulebo oganoebs,Tu isini ukve Seudgnen gauqmebuli (Secvlili) gan-Cinebis aRsrulebas. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCineba sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Sesaxeb Sei-Zleba aRsruldes mis kanonieri ZalaSi Sesvlis an sa-Civris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg.

XXII I Tavi, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofaseZRvneba, kerZod 191-e muxlis me-3 nawili, 194-e mux-lis me-2, me-4 da me-5 nawilebi, 197-e muxli, 1971 muxliiTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi ganCinebebis gasaCivrebas arakerZo saCivriT, aramed am ganCinebebis „saCivriT gasa-Civrebas“, „saCivris Setanas“ da a.S.

aseTma siaxlem ar unda gamoiwvios raime praqtiku-li gaugebroba: saCivars mxolod imitom ewodeboda daewodeba „kerZo“, rom sasamarTlos mier ganCinebisformiT gamotanili dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdessasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis formiT miRebulidadgenilebisagan gancalkevebiT da misgan damoukide-blad. sxva aranairi datvirTva sityva „kerZos“, romel-ic win uswrebs sityva „saCivars“ (kerZo saCivari) - araqvs.

magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebida praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, romsarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT miRebulganCinebebze Setanili saCivrebis ganxilvisaTviskanonmdebelma mTlianad SeinarCuna is wesi, romelicarsebobda kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis, xolo ker-Zo saCivrebis ganxilvis wesebSi Seitana cvlilebebi.


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amJamad, kerZo saCivars veRar ganixilavs gasaCivre-buli ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo da igi saqmesTanerTad dauyonebliv unda gadaegzavnos zemdgom sasa-marTlos (ix. 1971-e da 417-e muxlebis komentari).

muxli 1971. sasamarTlos miersaCivris warmoebaSi miReba daganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmismasalebis gadagzavna zemdgomsasamarTloSi

1. sasamarTlo saCivars warmoebaSi iRebsSesabamisi instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis amkodeqsiT gaTaliswinebuli wesebis Tanaxmad.

2. Tu sasamarTlo saCivars dasaSvebadda dasabuTebulad miiCnevs, igi akmayofilebsmas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saCivari saqmismasalebTan erTad sasamarTlo ganCinebissafuZvelze gaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarT-los ganCinebis miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.

3. saCivris ganxilvis vada ar unda aRemate-bodes misi warmoebaSi miRebidan 20 dRes.

4. zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSisaCivari ganixileba am kodeqsis 419-e da420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.

1. am muxlSi pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sarCelisuzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil gan-Cinebebze Setanili saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis wess:Tu aseTi saCivari Sedis pirveli instanciis sasamarT-loSi, maSin es sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,rac am sasamarTlosaTvis aris dadgenili, Tu saCivariSedis saapelacio an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo-Si, maSin es sasamarTloebi am saCivris warmoebaSimiRebis dros xelmZRvaneloben im wesebiT, romlebicam sasamarTloebisaTvis aris gansazRvruli.

amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom saapelacio da

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sakasacio instanciebSi saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebispirobebi da wesebi gacilebiT ufro metsa da rTulmoTxovnebs Seicavs, vidre es moeTxoveba ganCinebe-bze Setanil saCivrebs. amitom, aseTi saCivrebis dasaS-vebobisa da w armoebaSi miRebisas sasamarTloebma undaSeamowmon: a) pasuxobs Tu ara saCivris Sinaarsi 194-emuxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnebs; b) Seitana Tu ara sa-Civari uflebamosilma pirma (414-e muxlis me-2 naw.)g)daculia Tu ara saCivris Setanis vada (194-e muxlisme-3 nawili); d) iTvaliswinebs Tu ara kanoni gasaCivre-buli ganCinebis gasaCivrebas (197-e muxli); e) gada-xdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi (38-e muxlis „T“ punqtida 39-e muxlis „d“ punqti).

saCivris dasaSvebobisa da warmoebaSi miRebis ispirobebi, romlebic Seuferebeli da Seusabamoa aseTisaCivrisaTvis, magaliTad, 391-e muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli kasaciis dasaSvebobis pirobebi, ar SeiZle-ba gamoyenebuli iqnes saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebi-saTvis.

am muxlis me-2 nawili sityva-sityviT gadmotaniliiqna 417-e muxlidan, rasac aqvs principuli mniSvnelo-ba, saqme isaa, rom 2006 wlis 13 ivlisamde 417-e muxliTdamkvidrebuli da Cveni Rrma rwmeniT praqtikuliTvalsazrisiT metad moxerxebuli da mosawoni wesivrceldeboda yvela kerZo saCivarze. amJamad ki es wesiSeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod sarCelis uzrunvely-ofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze saCivrebis ganx-ilvis dros.

SeuZlebelia avxsnaT am uaRresad mniSvnelovanipraqtikuli sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgomis logika. igiar SeiZleba emsaxurebodes kerZo saCivrebis daCqare-bulad ganxilvis interesebs.

sxva sakiTxia, rom am normatiul debulebas praq-tikaSi ar an ver iyenebdnen. magram amis gamo misi erTiadgilidan meoreSi gadatana da moqmedebis sferosSekveca (mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze


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gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebze gavr-celeba), cxadia arafers ar mogvcems.26

rogoria am debulebis arsi?2. saCivari Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,

romlis ganCineba@ saCivrdeba. gasaCivrebuli ganCineb-is gamomtan sasamarTlos mxolod erTi uflebam-osileba aqvs - daakmayofilos saCivari. magram, Tu sa-Civari ar daiSveba, vTqvaT imis gamo, rom igi Semot-anilia vadis darRvviT an kidev, imis gamo, rom Seta-nilia araflebamosili piris mier da a.S. an, TumcadasaSvebia, magram araa dasabuTebuli - maSin sasamarT-lo valdebulia gamoitanos ganCineba „saCivrissaqmesTan erTad zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnisSesaxeb“, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, rom sasamarT-lom (mosamarTlem) ganixila es saCivari da uari uTxramis dakmayofilebaze dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblo-bis gamo.

aseTi ganCineba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zemdgom-ma sasamarTlom TviTon ganixilos rogorc am saCivrisdasaSvebobis, ise misi dasabuTebulobis sakiTxi da mi-iRos Tavisi saboloo gadawyvetileba.

rac Seexeba qvemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCinebas sa-Civris zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb, amganCinebis arc gauqmebisa da arc ZalaSi datovebisaucilebloba ar arsebobs. zemdgomi sasamarTlo ix-ilavs mxolod saCivars, romlis dakmayofilebazecdauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo uari Tqvaqvemdgomma sasamarTlom.

26 imis gamo, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiTdamkvidrebuli esa Tu is wesi ar gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi, dauSvebeliaam wesis gauqmeba. Tu saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi gonivrulia, miRebulunda iqnas zomebi, rom es wesebi dainergos.saqarTvelos pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi samoqalaqo saqmeTaganxilvis praqtikis analizma gviCvena, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTaganxilvis is modeli, romelic ssk-iT aris damkvidrebuli, verdainerga, magram amis safuZvelze aravis ar mouTxovia am kodeqsisgauqmeba.ix. T.liluaSvili. samoqalaqo procesis sakiTxebi saqarTvelossasamarTloebis praqtikaSi. naw. I. Tb. 2002 w. gv.12

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3. 1971-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saCivrisganxilvis vadas (20 dRe). es vada iwyeba saCivris war-moebaSi miRebidan.

romeli sasamarTlo iRebs saCivars warmoebaSi?gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos

SeuZlia miiRos ori saxis gadawyvetileba: erTi - daak-mayofilos saCivari, Tu igi dasaSvebi da dasabuTe-bulia da meore - gadaagzavnos saCivari zemdgom sasa-marTloSi, Tu igi araa dasaSvebi an dasabuTebuli. esimas niSnavs, rom Tu saCivari araa dasaSvebi da amit-om warmoebaSi misaRebi, man saCivari unda gadaagza-vnos zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic am sakiTxzeiRebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas. amrigad, SeiZlebadavaskvnaT: saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxswyvets ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanisasamarTlo, aramed zemdgomi sasamarTlo. saCivrisganxilvis 20 dRiani vadac aqedan, e.i. zemdgomi sasa-marTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidanunda daiwyos.

saCivris ganxilvis 20 dRiani vada imaze migvaniS-nebs, rom gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtanma sasa-marTloebma rac SeiZleba swrafad unda miiRon gan-Cineba am saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb an misizemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.

4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs zemdgom sasa-marTlo instanciaSi saCivris ganxilvis wess. kerZod,ganCinebas saCivris Taobaze iRebs zemdgomi sasamarT-lo. es ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvisgareSe, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos sa-Civris zepiri ganxilvac (ix. 419-e muxlis komentari).

zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris ganxilvis Sed-egad miRebuli ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba.


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muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi

1. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uz-runvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iq-nes gamoyenebuli, wyvets sasamarTlo mo-sarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebe-

bi SeiZleba iyos:a) yadaRis dadeba qonebaze, fasian qaRal-

debsa Tu fulad saxsrebze, romlebic mopa-suxes ekuTvnis da aris masTan an sxva pirTan;b) mopasuxisaTvis garkveuli moqmedebis

Sesrulebis akrZalva;g) mopasuxis davaldebuleba gadasces mis

mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi sasamarT-lo aRmasrulebels sekvestris (qonebis iZu-lebiTi marTva) saxiT;d) sxva pirebisaTvis akrZalva imisa, rom

mopasuxes gadascen qoneba an Seasrulonmis mimarT raime valdebuleba;e) yadaRisagan qonebis gaTavisuflebis Se-

saxeb sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi qonebisrealizaciis SeCereba;v) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, ad-

gilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTve-lobis organos, organizaciis an Tanamdebo-bis piris sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCereba;z) amoRebuliaT) amoRebulia3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxva

RonisZiebebic, Tu es aucilebelia sarCe-lis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. aucileblobisSemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis ramdenime saxe.

1. am muxlSi CamoTvlilia sarCelis uzrunvelyo-

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fis RonisZiebaTa saxeebi, romelic araa amomwuravi. ka-nonmdebels ar SeeZlo mieTiTebina Tu romel konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi romeli RonisZieba unda gamoeyene-bina sasamarTlos. es sakiTxi TviTon sasamarTlom un-da gadawyvitos imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sasarCelomoTxovnis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi an TviTon mosarCe-lis winadadeba. (ix. 191-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ko-mentari). magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli nivTis ga-moTxovis Sesaxeb, am sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad sa-samarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos yadaRa, romelic Se-uzRudavs mopasuxes misi gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCu-qebis, gaqiravebis da a. S.) uflebamosilebas.

magram, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia raime nawarmoebis (ga-mogonebis) Tanaavtorad cnobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyo-fis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos amnawarmoebis gamoqveynebis (danergvis) akrZalva.

2. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneben yada-Ras. yadaRa _ esaa qonebis aRwera da am qonebis gankar-gvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis, ijariT gacemisda a. S.) akrZalva.

_ yadaRa SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara marto qo-nebriv, aramed araqonebriv davebSic. magaliTad, mo-raluri zianis anazRaurebis dros, romelic ar gane-kuTvneba qonebriv davebs, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekis-ros fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevineba mosarCelis sasar-geblod, ris uzrunvelsayofodac mis qonebas SeiZle-ba daedos yadaRa.

b) es qvepunqti ar Seicavs konkretul miTiTebas TuraSi SeiZleba gamoixatos moqmedebis akrZalva. praq-tikaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia SemTxveva, rodesac mo-pasuxes ekrZaleba Seasrulos, xolo Tu dawyebuliagaagrZelos mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoe-bi, raime produqciis gamoSveba da sxva. sarCelis uz-runvelyofis am saxis (moqmedebis akrZalvis) gamoye-neba mTlianad damokidebulia sarCelis xasiaTze, ima-ze Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele.

g) sekvestri anu qonebis iZulebiTi marTva gaT-


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valiswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 310-e muxliT. ammuxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos niv-Tis iZulebiTi marTva (sekvestri) mosarCelis gancxa-debis safuZvelze.27

`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-nonis 79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, `mmarTveliar SeiZleba iyos sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli, kredi-tori an gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos wev-ri, an am pirebis naTesavi~.

aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis ̀ g~ qvepunqtis miTi-Teba, rom mopasuxem gadasces mis mflobelobaSi arse-buli nivTi, ̀ sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris(qonebis iZulebiTi marTvis) saxiT~ unda gavigoT ararogorc am qonebis samarTavad gadacema, aramed ro-gorc gadacema imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos (organi-zacia gaukeTos) am qonebis gadacema (Cabareba) im piri-saTvis, romelic sasamarTlom daniSna mmarTvelad.

d) Tu aRmoCndeba, rom mopasuxis qoneba imyofebasxva pirTan an am sxva pirs ekisreba romelime kanon-ieri safuZvliT (xelSekrulebiT, sasamarTlo gadaw-yvetilebiT da sxva) qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gada-cema mopasuxisaTvis, mas SeiZleba aekrZalos mopasux-is sasargeblod Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesruleba, san-am ar gairkveva sarCelis bedi.

e) ̀ saaRsrulebo warmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-nonis 32-e muxli iTvaliswinebs yadaRisagan qonebis gan-Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas.am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlos SeuZ-lia daadginos sadavo qonebis realizaciis SeCereba.

v) am qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sadavo aqtismoqmedebis SeCereba warmoebs administraciuli sap-roceso kodeqsis 29-30-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.28

27 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.318

28 ix. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, gv.158-170

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2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis aq CamoTvlili Ronis-Ziebebis wre sakmaod farToa, magram araa amomwuravida sasamarTlos SeuZlia sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyene-bac an erTdroulad ramdenime RonisZiebis gatareba.

muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiTgamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba

1. Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelisuzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiTmopasuxes SeiZleba miadges zarali, masSeuZlia gamoiyenos sarCelis uzrunvely-ofis RonisZieba da imavdroulad mosTxo-vos pirs, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlossarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, meoremxarisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRau-rebis uzrunvelyofa. uzrunvelyofis ga-rantia sasamarTlom SeiZleba aseve gam-oiyenos mowinaaRmdege mxaris gancxadebissafuZvelze.2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebul SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac mi-marTa sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvely-ofis Sesaxeb, valdebulia 7 dRis vadaSiganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodne-li zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa.winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo dauy-ovnebliv gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelisuzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesax-eb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamoy-

enebuli RonisZiebebi gaumarTlebeli ga-modga imis gamo, rom mosarCeles uari eT-qva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba Sevida ka-nonier ZalaSi, anda imis gamo, rom sasamar-Tlom 192-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabami-sad gaauqma sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Ro-


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nisZieba, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeb-lodac moxda uzrunvelyofa, valdebuliaaunazRauros meore mxares zarali, romel-ic mas miadga sarCelis uzrunvelsayofadgamoyenebuli RonisZiebis Sedegad.

1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebamSeiZleba garkveuli ziani miayenos mopasuxes, kanoniicavs aramarto mosarCelis, aramed mopasuxis intere-sebsac. amitom, pirs, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyo-fas moiTxovs, SeiZleba daekisros im mosalodnelizianis (zaralis) anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, rac Sei-Zleba miadges mopasuxes sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.

mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebisuzrunvelyofa SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mo-pasuxis SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativ-iTac. amasTan, mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebisuzrunvelyofa unda gatardes „imavdroulad“ sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebasTan er-Tad. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCinebaSi sarCelis uzrunve-lyofis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve imisSesaxeb, Tu ra moqmedebis Sesruleba daekisra mosar-Celes (magaliTad, fuladi Tanxis dadeba da sxva) mopa-suxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrun-velsayofad. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosalodnelizianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sakiTxiganxiluli da gadawyvetili iqnes mogvianebiT, maSinsaWiro iqneba amis Sesaxeb calke ganCinebis miReba.

am muxlis pirvel nawilSi laparakia mosalodnelzianze. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sarCelis uzrunvel-sayofad SerCeulia iseTi RonisZieba, romelic ar mi-ayenebs zians mopasuxes, maSin, cxadia, moixsneba sak-iTxi zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebac(magaliTad, mopasuxes ar ekrZaleba isargeblosnivTiT, gaaqiraos da miiRos sargebeli amisaTvis, ma-gram mas ekrZaleba mxolod gaasxvisos es nivTi saqmissasamarTloSi gadawyvetamde).

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2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs vadas (7 dRe),romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCelem unda ganaxorcie-los mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaureb-is uzrunvelyofa. aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes57-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT fuladi Tanxisan fasiani qaRaldebis saerTo sasamarTloebis depar-tamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, an,kidev TavdebobiT. (ix. 57-e muxlis komentari).

mosarCelis mier uzrunvelyofis ganuxorciele-blobas 7 dRian vadaSi, ukavSirdeba seriozuli Sede-gi, kerZod: sasamarTlom dauyonebliv unda gam-oitanos ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofisRonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. aseTi gauqmeba SeiZle-ba ganxorcieldes sasamarTlos iniciativiT, an dain-teresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT.

3. Tu mosarCeles uari eTqva uzrunvelyofil sar-Celze, an gauqmda jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvel-yofa imis gamo, rom pirma ar aRZra sarCeli sasamarT-los mier daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 192-e muxlis komentari),an, kidev, mas uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetilebaSevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin mosarCelem undaaunazRauros ziani mopasuxes, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.

sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT miyenebuli zianisanazRaurebis Taobaze mopasuxem unda mimarTos sasa-marTlos sarCeliT. masve ekisreba damdgari zianisda misi odenobis damtkicebis tvirTi.

faqtiurad, mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianisanazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa - esaa im sarCelisuzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba aRZras mopasux-em mosarCelis winaaRmdeg, romlis sarCelis uzrun-velyofis gamo mas miadga ziani.

Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs zianis anazRaurebas, anmoiTxovs, magram ver daamtkicebs zianis faqts da misodenobas, ris gamoc sasamarTlo uars etyvis mas sar-Celis dakmayofilebaze, maSin Tavdapirvel mosarCe-les daubrundeba is Tanxa (fasiani qaRaldebi), racman Seitana uzrunvelyofis garantiis saxiT, an gauqm-


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deba sakredito dawesebulebis Tavdeboba, Tu aseTiiyo daSvebuli.

muxli 1991. sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofisRonisZiebis gauqmeba

sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis,sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis an saq-mis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT (ganCinebiT)auqmebs am sarCelTan dakavSirebiT gamoy-enebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas, racsaCivrdeba am gadawyvetilebis (ganCineb-is) gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT.

am muxlSi laparakia sam sasamarTlo dadgenileba-ze, romlebiTac, Tu isini iqneba miRebuli, sasamarT-lom imavdroulad, e.i. ise, rom ar daelodos maT kanon-ier ZalaSi Sesvlas, unda gaauqmos sarCelis uzrunve-lyofis RonisZieba. es dadgenilebebia sasamarTlogadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uarisTq-mis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebisSewyvetis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelisganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. esaa kanonis kate-goriuli moTxovna, romelic unda ganaxorcielos sasa-marTlom Tavisi iniciativiT. mopasuxis gancxadeba amisSesaxeb araa saWiro.

praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is gare-moebac, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofile-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, agreTve zemod dasaxelebu-li ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetileb-isa da ganCinebebis gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadge-nili wesiT.

es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dak-mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romliTac agreTve

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gauqmda am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba - Sei-Zleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT; asevesasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb (272-e muxli), romliTac agreTve gauqmda sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasa-Civrdes kerZo saCivriT (274-e muxli), xolo sasamarT-los ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisSesaxeb (275-e muxli), romliTac gauqmda sarCelisuzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdeskerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).

rogorc vxedavT, Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebisgauqmeba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an gan-CinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganux-ilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, maSin es gadawyvetilebada ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes Sesabamisad saa-pelacio (sakasacio) saCivriT da kerZo saCivriT, ma-gram Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdebamopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze da sasamarTlosganCinebiT, maSin es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sa-CivriT (197-e muxli).

uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmebulad CaiTvle-ba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac kanonier ZalaSi Sevagadawyvetileba (ganCineba), romliTac igi gauqmda.


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T a v i XXIV

saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazegansaxilvelad

muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani

1. Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebis Sem-deg saqme mosamarTlis gansaxilvelia, saq-mes amzadebs mosamarTle, xolo Tu am ko-deqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saq-me kolegiurma sasamarTlom unda ganixi-los, maSin saqmes am sasamarTlos erT-er-Ti wevri amzadebs, raTa daCqardes misiganxilva da SesaZlebeli gaxdes erT sasa-marTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis damTavreba dasaqmis sworad gadawyveta.2. mosamarTlis davalebiT saqme sasamar-

Tlo ganxilvisaTvis SeiZleba moamzadosmosamarTlis TanaSemwem.

1. saqmis momzadeba SeiZleba daiwyos sarCelis (gan-cxadebis) warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg (183-e muxli) da-uyovnebliv. saqmis momzadebis dawyebis Sesaxeb miTi-Tebuli unda iyos ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi mi-Rebis Sesaxeb.

_ saqmes yovelTvis amzadebs mosamarTle erTpi-rovnulad, damoukideblad imisa, kolegiuri sasamar-Tlo ganixilavs am saqmes, Tu mosamarTle erTpirov-nulad.

_ samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZle-ba or mTavar etapad davyoT. pirveli etapi _ saqmismomzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilve-lad, romelsac sxvanairad SeiZleba ewodos mxareTawerilobiTi Sejibreba. meore etapi _ saqmis ganxilvamTavar sxdomaze, romelsac SeiZleba ewodos mxareTazepiri Sejibreba.

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_ momzadebis etapi unda gaiaros uklebliv yvelasaqmem, damoukideblad imisa, rTulia Tu martivi essaqme, xolo momzadebis mizniT unda Sesruldes yve-la saproceso moqmedeba, romelic gaTvaliswinebuliaam TaviT.

_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze im saproceso moq-medebaTa Sesrulebis gadatana, romelic unda Sesru-lebuliyo saqmis momzadebis etapze dauSvebelia, gar-da kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisada pirobebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mTavar sxdoma-ze saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba xdeba iseTi saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebis motiviT (magaliTad, damate-biTi mtkicebulebebis wardgena, Segebebuli sarCelismiReba, mesame pirebisa Tu Tanamonawileebis Cabma, ad-gilze daTvaliereba da a. S.), romlebic SeiZleboda daunda Sesrulebuliyo momzadebis etapze _ es imas niS-navs, rom saqme ar iyo saTanadod momzadebuli.

momzadebis etapze sasamarTlom sabolood undadaazustos da gansazRvros garemoebebi, romlebzecmxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels(mtkicebis sagani), mtkicebulebebi, romelTa saSuale-biT mxareebs surT am garemoebebis damtkiceba (dadas-tureba), materialur-samarTlebirvi norma (kanoni),romlis gamoyenebiTac unda moxdes dadasturebuligaremoebebis iuridiuli Sefaseba (kvalifikacia) dabolos, am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis winaswari (arasa-boloo) proeqti.

yovelive es SeiZleba warmatebiT ganxorcieldes,Tu sasamarTlo ganuxrelad ixelmZRvanelebs im nor-mebis danawesiT, romlebic saqmis momzadebas awesri-gebs.

2. `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelosorganuli kanonis 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax-mad ̀ mosamarTlis TanaSemwe ... amzadebs saqmeebs sasa-marTlos sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, mosamarTlis da-valebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebulsxva movaleobebs~.


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mosamarTlis TanaSemwes SeuZlia mniSvnelovani ro-li Seasrulos saqmis momzadebaSi, yvela im saprocesomoqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, romlebic xels Seuwyobenam saqmis sworad da droulad gadawyvetas.

_ mosamarTlis TanaSemwes, Tu mas daevaleba saqmismomzadeba, SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mxareTa morigebi-saTvis, daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, miiRos ganCi-nebebi, romelTa gamotana dasaSvebia am sxdomaze (208-209-e muxlebi) da a. S.

_ TanaSemwis saqmianobas xelmZRvanelobs mosamar-Tle.

muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebimopasuxisadmi

1. saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mom-zadebis mizniT mosamarTle:a) gadaugzavnis mopasuxes sarCelisa (gan-

cxadebis) da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-li sabuTebis aslebs;b) dauniSnavs mopasuxes vadas werilobiT

Seadginos Tavisi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) sar-Celsa da masSi dasmul sakiTxebze, agreTveTavisi mosazrebebi sarCelze darTuli sa-buTebis Sesaxeb da warudginos isini sasa-marTlos.2. mopasuxis werilobiT pasuxSi miTiTe-

buli unda iyos:a) cnobs Tu ara mopasuxe sarCels;b) Tu sarCels ara cnobs, ra konkretul

garemoebebs emyareba misi Sesagebeli sar-Celis winaaRmdeg;g) ra mtkicebulebebiT SeiZleba damt-

kicdes es garemoebebi;d) ra saproceso saSualebebiT apirebs

mopasuxe sarCelisagan Tavis dacvas, ker-Zod, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis

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aRZvras, xom ar uaryofs sarCelis dasaS-vebobas, xom ar eqneba acileba sasamarT-los an mosamarTlis mimarT da a. S.;e) vin SeiZleba Caebas procesSi Tanamo-

nawileebad an mesame pirebad;v) romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli

sasamarTlo sxdomaze.

a) sasamarTlom sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisTanaveunda daiwyos misi momzadeba, risTvisac igi iRebs gan-Cinebas sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis asle-bis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. mopasuxes un-da gadaegzavnos yvela metnaklebad mniSvnelovani we-rilobiTi masala, romelic Semovida sasamarTloSimogvianebiT, e.i mas Semdeg, rac miRebuli da gadagzav-nili iqna aRniSnuli ganCineba.

b) mopasuxis mier werilobiTi pasuxis Sedgenisa damisi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vadas niSnavs mosamarT-le. am vadis gansazRvrisas mosamarTlem mxedveloba-Si unda miiRos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi gan-xilvis saerTo vada (59-e muxli) da sarCelis Sinaarsi-dan gamomdinare, dro, romelic saWiro iqneba masze pa-suxis gasacemad (werilobiTi Sesageblis Sesadgenad).

2. am muxlis meore nawili Seicavs im sakiTxebis Ca-monaTvals, romlebzec pasuxis gacema savaldebu-loa mopasuxisaTvis. cxadia, mopasuxes SeuZlia ar Se-moifarglos am sakiTxebiT da Tavisi iniciativiT das-vas da pasuxi gasces iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ariyo sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmuli. Tavis mxriv, sa-samarTloc araa SeboWili 201-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi mi-TiTebuli sakiTxebiT da SeuZlia gaafarTovos im sa-kiTxTa wre, romlebzec mizanSewonilia pasuxi gascesmopasuxem.

_ im ukiduresad iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saq-mis masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos es mizanSe-wonilad miaCnia, mopasuxes SeiZleba mieces damatebi-Ti, magram Semoklebuli vada mis mier arasrulyofi-


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lad Sedgenili werilobiTi Sesageblis xarvezis Se-savsebad, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom mas-Si araa pasuxi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmul yvelakiTxvaze, an es pasuxebi bundovania ( 203-e muxlis pir-veli nawili).

_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis sasamarT-los mier daniSnul vadaSi warudgenloba arTmevs masuflebas Seasrulos es moqmedeba dagvianebiT _ saq-mis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (206-e da 215-e mux-lebi), ris Sesaxebac gafrTxilebas unda Seicavdes gan-Cineba. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warmoadgina Sesa-gebeli, an warmoadgina magram ar gasca pasuxi kiTxva-ze, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras, xomar eqneba acileba mosamarTlis mimarT, an kidev, rome-li mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTloSi da a.S. maSin saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg sasamar-Tlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos misi Suamdgomlobe-bi am sakiTxebze (33-e, 188-e 215-e muxlebi).

muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTipasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis

1. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxisa da mas-ze darTuli sabuTebis aslebi unda gada-egzavnos mosarCeles.2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs warudginos

mosamarTles damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,agreTve werilobiT acnobos mas Tavisi mo-sazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxisTaobaze misi miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.

1. sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebisgadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis saSualebas aZlevs mopasu-xes icodes ras moiTxovs misgan mosarCele, ra konkre-tul garemoebebs emyareba misi moTxovna da romelimtkicebulebebiT apirebs am garemoebebis dadasture-

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bas. amrigad, mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZleblobasarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.

_ mxareTa Tanasworobis principidan gamomdinare,mosarCelesac aqvs sruli ufleba icodes, Tu romelisaproceso meqanizmebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe.swored am mosazrebiTaa nakarnaxevi am muxlis pirve-li nawilis kategoriuli moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rommopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) da maszedarTuli sabuTebis aslebi gadaegzavnos mosarCeles.

_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis warud-genloba sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi arRvevsmxareTa Tanasworobis princips, kerZod, araTanabarmdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosarCeles: mopasuxem Seit-yo yvelaferi da aqvs sruli SesaZlebloba kargad mo-emzados TavdacvisaTvis, mosarCelem ki ar icis rasapirebs an ra saSualebebis gamoyenebiT apirebs Tav-dacvas mopasuxe.

_ swored mxareTa aseTi araTanasworobis damkvid-rebis Tavidan acilebas emsaxureba danawesebi, romle-bic ganmtkicebulia 206-e, 215-e da 219-e muxlebiT daromelTa saerTo azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dagvia-nebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi, an warmodgenilifaqtebi da mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia sa-erTod ar gaiziaros da ar miiRos.

2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs vadas, rom-lis ganmavlobaSic mosarCeles SeuZlia, Tu amas is sa-Wirod Tvlis, warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi weri-lobiTi formiT Sedgenili mosazrebebi mopasuxis we-rilobiT Sesagebelze da im sabuTebze, romlebic er-Tvis am Sesagebels. am vadaSi mas SeuZlia warudginossasamarTlos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. ise rogorcmopasuxes, am SesaZleblobaTa gamouyenebloba mo-sarCelesac arTmevs uflebas dagvianebiT, e. i. saq-mis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, warudginos sa-samarTlos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi (206-emuxli).


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muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsacasrulebs mosamarTle saqmismomzadebis mizniT

1. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-visaTvis saqmis mosamzadeblad mosamarT-les SeuZlia:a) daavalos mxareebs Seavson, xolo saWi-

roebis SemTxvevaSi ganmarton maT mier war-modgenili werilobiTi masalebi, winadade-ba misces maT warmoadginon saqmisaTvis mniS-vnelobis mqone nivTebi Tu dokumentebi;b) gamoiTxovos mxareTa TxovniT mtkice-

bulebani sxvadasxva dawesebulebebidan Tumoqalaqeebisagan, romelTa miRebac Tavadmxareebma ver SeZles;g) gadawyvitos sasamarTlo procesSi me-

same pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis daSve-bis sakiTxi;d) Seamowmos mtkicebulebebi, Tu es sa-

samarTloSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisasZneli iqneba an gaaWianurebs saqmis gan-xilvas;e) Caataros adgilze daTvaliereba;v) misces sasamarTlo davalebebi;z) moaxdinos sarCelis uzrunvelyofa;T) daniSnos eqspertiza, gadawyvitos

eqspertis mowvevis sakiTxi;i) gadawyvitos specialistis mowvevis sa-

kiTxi;k) daibaros mowmeebi, agreTve eqspertebi

da specialistebi sasamarTlo sxdomis dRi-saTvis.2. mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva moqmedebe-

bis Sesrulebac, romlebic xels SeuwyobensasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilve-lad saqmis momzadebas.

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1. es muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa araa-momwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesruleba, saqmis xa-siaTisa da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili daaucilebelia am saqmis saTanadod momzadebis mizniT.

_ 203-e muxlis adresatia mosamarTle. aq CamoTv-lili saproceso moqmedebebi mosamarTlem unda Seas-rulos. saqme isaa, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsimarTalia agebulia SejibrebiTobis principze, magramigi Seicavs samZebro principis elementebsac, oRondimis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar Seilaxos romeli-me mxaris interesebi. sasamarTlos iniciativa mxolodkanonis farglebSia dasaSvebi (me-4 muxli).

a) mxareebis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masale-bi, magaliTad,

mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli, mosarCelis we-rilobiTi mosazrebebi am Sesagebelze (202-e muxli),nivTieri Tu werilobiTi sabuTebi, gancxadebebi, Su-adgomlobebi da a. S. SeiZleba ar iyos srulyofiladSedgenili an, saerTod, ar iyos warmodgenili.

sasamarTlos SeuZlia winadadeba misces mxareebsSeavson yvela naklovanebebi da xarvezebi, risTvisacdaniSnavs vadas.

b) mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxare-ebi (103-e muxli). sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TviTon, Ta-visi iniciativiT, daiwyos mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba.mas SeuZlia gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi fizikuriTu iuridiuli pirebidan mxolod mxareTa TxovniT,romlebmac TviTon, uSualod es ver SeZles ama Tu immizezis gamo (134-e muxlis me-2 nawili 154-e muxlis me-2 nawili);

g) saqmis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT sasurvelia,rom damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebisada Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi sasamarTlos wi-naSe daisvas da momzadebis stadiaze gadawydes. am sa-kiTxebis gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlom unda ixelm-ZRvanelos 86-e da 89-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis ko-mentari).


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d) momzadebis stadiaze mosamarTles SeuZlia mi-iRos garkveuli zomebi mtkicebulebaTa SemowmebismizniT, kerZod daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, raTagamokiTxos mxareebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebuleba-Ta Sesaxeb, daniSnos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnoseqspertiza, daadginos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvely-ofa da a.S.

e) adgilze daTvaliereba, roca igi momzadebis sta-diaze xdeba da roca amis aucilebloba arsebobs (120-emuxli), saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos Tavidan ai-cilos saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba damisi gadawyvetis gaWianureba. adgilze daTvalierebaunda ganxorcieldes ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgeni-li wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

v) garkveuli, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebisarsebobisas (ix. 107-e muxlis komentari) mtkicebule-baTa Segroveba SeiZleba daevalos sxva raionis (qala-qis) sasamarTlos, ris Sesaxebac mosamarTles gamoaqvsganCineba. sasamarTlo davalebebis micema yvelazeufro mizanSewonilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,radgan mTavar sxdomaze aseTi davalebebis micemaueWvelad gamoiwvevs am sxdomis gadadebas da sabolooangariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas.

z) ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva Suamdgomlobebi, sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobac (ganc-xadeba) unda aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis mom-zadebis stadiaze. dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebisdamTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli) sarCelis uzrunvel-yofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba dasaSvebia, Tu igi ar iyoaRZruli Tavis droze sapatio mizeziT (215-e muxli).

sarCelis uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes ssk 191-199-emuxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komenta-ri).

T) eqspertizis daniSvna saqmis mTavar sxdomaze gan-xilvis dros yovelTvis iwvevs am saqmis ganxilvis sxvadroisaTvis gadadebas da saboloo angariSSi saqmis gan-xilvis gaWianurebas. amitom, Tu saqmis masalebidan ga-

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momdinare, saWiroa eqspertizis Catareba, igi unda da-iniSnos momzadebis stadiaze.

_ eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxare-Ta SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac,oRond ssk 162-176-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

i) specialisti araa eqsperti da igi ar wers daskv-nas. misi mosazrebebi, romlebic SeiZleba aisaxos oqm-Si, ar warmoadgens damoukidebel mtkicebulebas. masiwvevs sasamarTlo mxolod daxmarebis aRmosaCenad(204-e muxli).

k) mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis dabare-ba SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac mosamarTlesaqmes momzadebulad cnobs da daniSnavs mTavar sxdo-mas (207-e muxli). maTi dabareba SeiZleba moxdes kano-niT dadgenili wesiT (140-e, 168-e da 204-e muxlebi).

mowmis dakiTxva momzadebis stadiaze dasaSvebiamxolod ssk147-e, 107-e da 109-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswi-nebul SemTxvevebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

2. saqmis xasiaTidan da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Se-uZlebelia yvela im saproceso moqmedebis CamoTvla,romelTa Sesruleba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am saqmismomzadebisaTvis. amitom, am muxlis CamonaTvali araaamomwuravi da sasamarTlos sruli ufleba aqvs Seas-rulos sxva saproceso moqmedebac, Tu es misi azriT,saWiro da aucilebelia.

muxli 204. specialistis mowveva

1. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-lebisas (adgilze daTvaliereba, mowmeTadakiTxva, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa,gegmebisa da gaangariSebebis Sedgena da a.S.) sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specia-listi.2. specialistad mowveuli piri valde-

bulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, gauwiosmas konsultacia, aRmouCinos teqnikuri dax-mareba.


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3. specialistis zepiri konsultacia Se-itaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, xolomisi werilobiTi pasuxebi daerTvis saqmes.

specialisti Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobiTa daprocesSi monawileobis miznebiT gansxvavdeba eqsper-tisagan (162-e muxli). eqsperti damoukideblad ata-rebs eqspertizas (gamokvlevas), wers daskvnas sasamar-TlosaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, romelTa ganmar-teba specialur codnas moiTxovs da es daskvna warmo-adgens mtkicebis damoukidebel saSualebas (mtkice-bulebas), romelsac sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwme-niT afasebs.

specialisti ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar adgens das-kvnas da ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wyaros. misimizania daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles ama Tu imsaproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi.

1. 204-e muxlis pirveli nawili ar Seicavs im sapro-ceso moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTaSesrulebisas SeiZleba specialistis mowveva. igi Se-iZleba mowveul iqnes sxva saproceso moqmedebaTa Ses-rulebis drosac, rogoricaa magaliTad eqsperimentisCatareba, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva, nimuSebisaReba SedarebiTi gamokvlevebisaTvis da sxva.

2. specialisti valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarT-loSi da monawileoba miiRos saproceso moqmedebaTaSesrulebaSi, gamoiyenos Tavisi specialuri codnamtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da damagrebaSi, Seadgi-nos, Tu es saWiroa, naxazebi da gegmebi, moaxdinos fo-togadaRebebi da a. S. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroaarasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva, specialistad SeiZ-leba mowveuli iqnes pedagogi, romelsac SeuZlia Ta-visi rCevebiT daexmaros sasamarTlos aseTi mowmisa-gan gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebaSi (152-e muxli).

3. specialistis zepiri konsultaciebi SeitanebaoqmSi, xolo mis mier Sedgenili naxazebi, gaangariSe-bebi, fotoebi da sxva daerTvis saqmes da warmoadgens

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oqmis ganuyofel nawils, romelTa mniSvneloba mTli-anad amoiwureba oqmis mniSvnelobiT (287-e muxli).

specialists ufleba aqvs gaecnos im saproceso moq-medebis oqms, romelSic igi monawileobda, warmoadgi-nos Tavisi SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT, miuTiTos mis us-worobaze Tu usrulobaze.

muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomisdaniSvna

1. Tu warmodgenili werilobiTi masale-bi mosamarTles aZlevs varaudis safuZ-vels, rom mxareebma SeiZleba saqme mori-gebiT daamTavron, mopasuxem cnos sarCeli,an mosarCelem uari Tqvas sarCelze, ag-reTve, Tu, mosamarTlis azriT, sasamarT-lo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis saTanadod mom-zadebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, mxareTawerilobiTi masalebis miRebis Semdeg masSeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma.2. mxareTa SeTanxmebiT mosamzadebeli

sxdoma SeiZleba gadaizardos mTavar sx-domaSi

1. mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebisstadiis savaldebulo da aucilebeli elementi, mag-ram saqmis damTavreba mxareTa morigebis, mosarCelismier sarCelze uaris Tqmis an mopasuxis mier sarCeliscnobis safuZvelze dasaSvebia mxolod mosamzadebelsxdomaze, Tu yovelive es momzadebis stadiaze mox-da (208-e muxli).

mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos kideverTi mizniT _ Tu amas `saqmis saTanadod momzadebisinteresebi moiTxoven~.

_ magram ra mizniTac ar unda dainiSnos, mosamzade-bel sxdomaze sabolood unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmismomzadebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi, rogori-


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caa mxareebis mier damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis war-modgena, sasamarTlos mier mxareTa TxovniT am mtki-cebulebebis gamoTxova, mesame pirebisa da Tanamona-wileebis procesSi Cabma, adgilze daTvalierebis Ca-tareba, eqspertizis daniSvna, specialistis mowvevada a. S.

_ kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs da ar gulisxmobs mo-samzadebeli sxdomis gadadebas, ganmeorebiT daniS-vnas Tu mravaljer Catarebis SesaZleblobas. Tu mo-samzadebel sxdomaze mxareebs ganesazRvraT raimesaproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, es moqmedeba undaSesruldes sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. uki-dures SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba me-ored dainiSnos, Tu es aucilebelia, magaliTad, Tumxareebs miecaT maTive SuamdgomlobiT dro morige-bisaTvis.

_ mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadeba im motiviT, romerT-erTi an orive mxare ar gamocxadda, dauSvebelia.sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma im Sem-TxvevaSic ki, roca saqme faqtiurad ar aris momzade-buli mxareTa pasiurobis gamo (ix. 207-e muxlis komen-tari).

2. mosamzadebeli sxdomis „gadazrda“ mTavar sxdo-maSi SeiZleba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu amsxdomaze gamocxadda orive mxare da isini Suamdgom-loben sasamarTlos winaSe, rom man ganixilos da gada-wyvitos es saqme saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis mixedviT(ix. 209-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba

mxareebi movaleni arian saqmis momzade-bis mizniT Seasrulon mosamarTlis miTi-Tebebi. arasapatio mizeziT werilobiTimasalebis warudgenloba an sxva moqmedeb-is Seusrulebloba arTmevs mxares ufle-

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bas, Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba am saqmisarsebiTad ganxilvis dros.

_ samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba Seicavssaqmis ganxilivis gaWianurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis me-tad efeqtur saSualebebs (meqanizmebs). sasamarTlo-ebma gonivrulad, mtkiced da ganuxrelad unda gamoi-yenos es meqanizmebi.

_ erT-erTi aseTi saSualebaa am muxliT gaTvalis-winebuli sanqcia, romlis mixedviT Tu mxare saqmismomzadebis stadiaze ar Seasrulebs Sesabamis sapro-ceso moqmedebebs, ar aRZravs sasamarTlos winaSe Se-sabamis Suamdgomlobebs da a. S. maSin is kargavs ufle-bas Seasrulos aseTi moqmedebebi saqmis momzadebisdamTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), Tu maTi drouladSeusrulebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT,romelic sarwmunod unda iyos dadasturebuli Sesa-bamisi mxaris mier (215-e muxli).

_ mxaris gafrTxilebas am muxliT gaTvaliswinebu-li sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes sasa-marTlos ganCineba ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Ses-rulebis Sesaxeb.

muxli 207. ganCineba saqmissasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazeganxilvis Sesaxeb

mosamarTles, mas Semdeg, rac cnobs saq-mes sakmaod momzadebulad, gamoaqvs ganCi-neba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze misi ar-sebiTad ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. sasa-marTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisdRes sasamarTlo niSnavs im varaudiT, rommxareebs SesaZlebloba hqondeT moemzadonzepiri SejibrebisaTvis.


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_ saqmis momzadeba ar SeiZleba dausruleblad gag-rZeldes, igi unda damTavrdes gonivrul vadaSi, e. i.iseT vadaSi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes am saqmis ganxil-va da gadawyveta kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi (59-emuxlis me-3 nawili). mTavari sxdoma SeiZleba dainiS-nos Tu saqme momzadebulia.

_ magram rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo iseT SemT-xvevaSi, rodesac mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare (xSiradmopasuxe) ar aqtiurobs, ufro metic, Segnebulad cdi-lobs saqmis momzadebis, saboloo angariSSi ki, saqmisganxilvis gaWianurebas, ris gamoc saqme faqtiurad mo-umzadebelia, xolo saqmis ganxilvis vadebi iwureba?

SeiZleba Tu ara aseT pirobebSi mTavari sxdomisdaniSvna?

_ samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT,`saqmis sakmaod momzadebuloba~ ar niSnavs aucileb-lad am saqmis realurad momzadebas. igi SeiZleba ariyos momzadebuli imis gamo, rom mxareebi ar iCenen sak-mao interess am saqmisadmi, ar asruleben saWiro sap-roceso moqmedebas, magram saqme mainc momzadebu-lad unda CaiTvalos, Tu sasamarTlom TviTon Seas-rula yvela is saproceso moqmedeba, rac mas samsa-xurebrivad evaleboda da droulad gaafrTxila mxa-reebi saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis aucileblo-baze da maTi Seusruleblobis Sedegebze.

_ aseT pirobebSi sasamarTlos ara marto ar SeuZ-lia, aramed uflebac ar aqvs daelodos Tu rodis ine-bebs mxare Seasrulos esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.amitom mas gamoaqvs ganCineba saqmis momzadebis das-rulebisa da am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis da-niSvnis Sesaxeb.

_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisdaniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT mTavrdeba momzadebisetapi (werilobiTi Sejibreba) da iwyeba axali etapi _saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis (zepiri Se-jibrebis) etapi (210-e muxli).

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muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebisSewyvetis Sesaxeb

1. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCeleuars ityvis sarCelze, an mxareebi morig-debian, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebassaqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. morigebisSemTxvevaSi amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlodaamtkicebs morigebis pirobebs. igive wesigavrceldeba sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebis-mier stadiaze.2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta aRniSnuli

safuZvlebiT iwvevs Sedegebs, rac gaTva-liswinebulia 273-e muxliT.3. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe

cnobs sarCels, mosamarTle gamoitans ga-dawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Se-saxeb.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs mosarCe-lis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmas da mxareTa morigebasmosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram sarCelze uaris Tqmaan mxareTa morigeba SeiZleba moxdes jer kidev mosam-zadebeli sxdomis daniSvnamde, ris Sesaxebac mxare-ebma werilobiT acnobes mosamarTles. aseT SemTxve-vaSi mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebelisxdoma, daibaros mxareebi da gamoitanos ganCineba saq-mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. mxareTa gamoucxadeb-loba ver daabrkolebs ganCinebis miRebas. mTavarisxdomis daniSvna saWiro araa.

mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis gziT mx-areTa Soris dadebuli garigeba, romelic axleburadgansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs. morige-bis pirobebi ganisazRvreba TviT mxareebis mier. cxa-dia, rom saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT espirobebi gansxvavebuli iqneba. morigebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic detalurad da


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amomwuravad gansazRvravs morigebis pirobebs, e.i.imas, Tu romelma mxarem ra moqmedeba unda Seasrulosmeore mxaris sasargeblod.

2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi igive sar-CeliT sasamarTloSi mimarTva dauSvebelia (273-e mux-lis me-2 nawili).

3. saqmis momzadebis etapze (mosamzadebel sxdoma-ze an manamde) mopasuxem SeiZleba cnos sarCeli. aseTSemTxvevaSi mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosamarTles ga-moaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebisSesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis daniSvna aseTSemTxvevaSiac saWiro araa.

_ Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, mxareTa morigeba an sar-Celis cnoba moxda momzadebis etapis damTavrebis Sem-deg, e. i. mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCi-neba mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli),maSin Sesabamisi ganCinebebi da gadawyvetileba sasa-marTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos mTavar sxdomaze.

muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetada sarCelis (gancxadebis)ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmismomzadebis dros

272-e da 275-e muxlebis Sesabamisi qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisarsebobisas sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazesaqmis gansaxilvelad momzadebis dros saqmiswarmoeba mosamarTlem SeiZleba Sewyvitosan sarCeli (gancxadeba) ganuxilvelad da-tovos, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivi-rebuli ganCineba.

_ 272-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis ar-sebobisas mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli (186-emuxli), magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoeba-Si, rac saqmis momzadebis stadiaze gamovlinda, mas Se-

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uZlia miiRos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Se-saxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari). saqmis warmoebis Sew-yvetis mizniT mosamarTles, Tu igi amas mizanSewoni-lad CaTvlis, SeuZlia moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdo-ma, magram mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebssakiTxis gadawyvetas.

_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Se-iZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (274-e muxli).

_ ssk 275-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisarsebobisas, garda am muxlis ̀ g~ da ̀ d~ qvepunqtebiTgaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisa, mosamarTlem ar un-da miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCe-li warmoebaSi, rac gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis sta-diaze, mas SeuZlia ganuxilvelad datovos sarCeli.mosamzadebeli sxdomis mowveva am SemTxvevaSic araaaucilebeli, magram Tu mosamarTles mizanSewoniladmiaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios igi. mxareTa gamoucxadeb-loba sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver daabrkolebs.

_ mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis sta-diis savaldebulo elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, arcam sxdomaze mxareTa gamocxadeba SeiZleba CavTva-loT savaldebulod da davukavSiroT mas is Sede-gebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ga-moucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, ar SeiZlebadauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sarCelis ga-nuxilvelad datoveba, roca ar cxaddeba mosamzade-bel sxdomaze mosarCele da sarCelis ganuxilveladdatoveba, roca orive mxare ar cxaddeba. amitom, mo-samzadebel stadiaze an mosamzadebel sxdomaze sar-Celis ganuxilvelad datoveba ssk 275-e muxlis ̀ g~ da`d~ qvepunqtebis safuZvelze, romelic sasamarTlosmTavar sxdomas gulisxmobs, dauSvebelia, garda ise-Ti SemTxvevebisa, roca Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebo-bisas mosamzadebeli sxdoma „gadaizarda“ mTavar sx-domaSi (ix. 205-e muxlis komentari).


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T a v i XXV

sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma

muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavarisxdomis dawyeba

1. saqmis ganxilvisaTvis daniSnul dros sa-samarTlo Semodis sxdomis darbazSi. mosa-marTle, xolo Tu saqmes arCevs kolegiurisasamarTlo, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare,xsnis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomas da acxa-debs, Tu romeli saqme iqneba ganxiluli.2. sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivani moaxse-

nebs sasamarTlos, Tu gansaxilvel saqmezemowveul pirTagan vin gamocxadda, Cabar-daT Tu ara gamoucxadebel pirebs uwyebe-bi 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT dara cnobebi arsebobs maTi gamoucxadeblo-bis mizezebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo adgensgamocxadebulTa vinaobas, amowmebs warmo-madgenelTa uflebamosilebas, agreTveafrTxilebs procesis monawileebs da sx-domaze damswre pirebs wesrigis dacvismizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebis savaldebu-lobisa da sasamarTlos sxdomaze wesrigisdamrRvevis mimarT SesaZlo RonisZiebebisTaobaze. amis Semdeg mowmeebi tovebensxdomis darbazs.

samoqalaqo saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis mniSv-neloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi aris samoqalaqo saq-mis gadawyvetis aucilebeli da savaldebuli piroba.saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba ar SeiZleba am saqmismTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis, mxareTa zepiri SejibrebisgareSe, garda erTaderTi gamonaklisisa, rodesac mo-samzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels (208-e

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muxli). sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis aseTi mniSvnelo-bidan gamomdinare, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sak-maod detalurad gansazRvravs misi Catarebis wesebs.

_ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze Tanmimdevru-lad mimdinare ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba. pir-veli etapia_ sxdomis gaxsna.

1. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom sasamarT-lom zustad daicvas mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesa-xeb mxareTa da sxva pirTa gamoZaxebis uwyebaSi miTi-Tebuli dro (dRe, saaTi). sxdoma unda daiwyos im dResda im saaTze, rac uwyebaSi iyo miTiTebuli, xolo Tues ver xerxdeba, maSin mosamarTle an misi TanaSemwezustad am droisaTvis acnobebs mxareebs da sxva pi-rebs Tu ra mizeziT ar iwyeba procesi daniSnul drosda ramdeni SeiZleba daagviandes sxdomis gaxsnas.

2. jer kidev sxdomis dawyebis win (sanam sasamarT-lo (mosamarTle) Semova sxdomis darbazSi), sxdomismdivanma unda Seamowmos gamosaZaxebel pirTagan vingamocxadda da arkvevs gamoucxadeblobis mizezebs,kerZod, CabardaT Tu ara maT uwyeba da aris Tu arasaqmeSi cnoba amis Sesaxeb, xom ar aris warmodgeniliraime cnoba (magaliTad, avadmyofobis Sesaxeb) gamo-ucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da a. S.

_ gamocxadebulTa vinaobas adgens uSualod mosa-marTle. mxareTa da sxva pirTa (mowmis, eqspertis, Tar-jimnis) vinaobis dadgenis mizniT, Tu es aucilebelia,mosamarTles SeuZlia moiTxovos piradobis damadas-turebeli sabuTi. Tu saqmeSi monawileobs warmomad-geneli, misi uflebamosilebisa da am uflebamosile-baTa farglebis dadgenis mizniT mosamarTle unda ga-ecnos mindobilobas, Seamowmos misi gacemis wesi.

_ sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis uzrunvelyofi-saTvis didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba proce-sis monawileebisa da sxdomaze damswre pirebisgafrTxilebas. amisaTvis mosamarTlem unda gaacnosmaT kanonis danawesi, kerZod 211-e da 212-e muxlebisSinaarsi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).


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muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniTmosamarTlis miTiTebaTasavaldebulooba

mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, spe-cialistebi, Tarjimnebi agreTve sasamarT-los sxdomis darbazSi myofi yvela moqa-laqe valdebulia daicvas dadgenili wesida usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gan-kargulebas.

_ sasamarTlo sxdomas (sasamarTlo process) xelm-ZRvanelobs mosamarTle (kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tav-mjdomare). TavisTavad cxadia, rom wesrigi marTlmsa-julebis ganxorcielebis am damagvirgvinebel etapzeunda iyos sanimuSo, miT umetes, rom sxdomis mimdina-reobas da gansaxilveli sakiTxebis TanmimdevrobasgansazRvravs kodeqsi.

sasamarTlom sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos mxare-ebi, saqmeSi monawile pirebi da, saerTod, yvela, vinceswreba sxdomas, rom isini valdebulni arian usit-yvod da SekamaTebis gareSe daemorCilon mosamar-Tlis gankargulebas.

_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelosorganuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-4 nawilis TanaxmadsasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaReba, audioda videoCanaweris gakeTeba daSvebulia. magram Tu yo-velive es xels uSlis sxdomis muSaobas, procesis nor-malur warmarTvas, sasamarTlos, mxareTa TxovniT anTavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia akrZalos es Tavisi moti-virebuli ganCinebiT.

_ valdebuleba daicvas dadgenili wesi da usity-vod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas, exebasasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myof yvela pirs _ ga-monaklisis gareSe.

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muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigisdarRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba

1. sasamarTloSi wesrigis dacvas uzrun-velyofs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolosaqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uze-naesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadg-ile. sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wes-rigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sxdomis Tavmj-domare (mosamarTle), romelic uflebamo-silia sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirTaadgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SezRudos sx-domaze damswreTa raodenoba.2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mxareebs, rom

Tu isini TviTneburad miatoveben sxdomas,maT mimarT gamotanili iqneba dauswrebe-li gadawyvetileba.3. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis darRve-

vis, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis)gankargulebisadmi daumorCileblobis ansasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis SemTx-vevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles)adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankargulebaprocesis monawilis an/da sxdomaze dam-swris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darba-zidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb. Tu gaZevebuli pirikvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sasa-marTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mis gay-vanas sasamarTlodan, amasTanave, mis mimarTSeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli jarima an patimroba.4. Tu sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarT-

lis) gankarguleba gaZevebis Sesaxeb exebawarmomadgenels, saqmis mosmena gadaideba,garda im SemTxvevisa, roca saqmes Tavidanveawarmoebda ramdenime warmomadgeneli. ad-vokatis arasaTanado qcevis Sesaxeb sasa-


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marTlos gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba,romelic egzavneba advokatTa gaerTianebas.5. piri sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebulad

iTvleba imave instanciis sasamarTloSi amsaqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo ganx-ilvis dasrulebamde. mxaris motivirebuliSuamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlosxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) ufle-bamosilia gaZevebul pirs misces sxdomazedabrunebis SesaZlebloba.6. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis damr-

Rvev pirs, maT Soris, gaZevebul pirs, sx-domis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankar-gulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima 50-dan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac ga-icema saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu daja-rimebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigisdarRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamar-Tles) SeuZlia dauyovnebliv gazardosjarimis odenoba am nawiliT gansazRvrulfarglebSi.7. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze piris qmedeba

mimarTulia procesis CaSlisaken an igi gamox-atavs aSkara an/da uxeS upativcemulobassasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), procesis monaw-ilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris(mosamarTlis) miTiTebiT sasamarTlos man-daturi uzrunvelyofs piris dakavebas dadakavebis oqmis Sedgenas, amasTanave, sxdo-mis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) adgens mima-rTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas da ug-zavnis gankargulebis gamocemaze uflebam-osil sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). dakave-buli piri dauyonebliv, magram araugvianes24 saaTisa, unda waredginos im sasamarT-los (mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavnamimarTva da romelic uflebamosilia gam-

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oitanos gankarguleba am piris 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT patimrobis Sesaxeb. raion-ul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori daorze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba ga-moaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xoloTu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaris monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze,gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis mier gansazRvrulsxva mosamarTles. raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-marTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gan-karguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi raionuli(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. Tuam nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva moxdasaqmis magistrati mosamarTlis mier ganx-ilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionul(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, rom-lis SemadgenlobaSicaa es magistrati mo-samarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankar-guleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomar-es, xolo Tu darRveva moxda misi monawile-obiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankargulebagamoaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaris moadgiles an mis mier gansazRvrulsxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasa-marTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankar-guleba gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmj-domares. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-los did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas gan-karguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romel-ic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. dakave-buli piri, Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs,SeiZleba gadaeces policias. Tu dapatimre-bis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamotanil iqnaprocesis monawilis mimarT. sasamarTlo sx-doma SeiZleba gadaidos aRniSnuli vadiT.gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis safuZ-


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velze, dakavebuli piris wardgenidan dauy-onebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa.8. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevis, sasa-

marTlos mimarT upativcemulobis an sasa-marTlos normaluri funqcionirebisaTvisxelis SeSlis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos man-daturi uflebamosilia daakavos wesrigisdamrRvevi piri, ris Sesaxebac adgens dakave-bis oqms. sasamarTlos mandaturi valdebu-lia dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv, magramara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, warudginos imavesasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo saqarTve-los uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasa-marTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles. sasamarT-los Tavmjdomare, xolo saqarTvelos uze-naes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlosTavmjdomaris moadgile dakavebuli piriswardgenidan dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvi-anes 24 saaTisa, uflebamosilia damrRvevipiris mimarT gamoiyenos am muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli uflebamosilebani.9. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli daja-

rimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZeveb-is Sesaxeb gankarguleba miiReba zepirimosmenis gareSe da ar saCivrdeba.

10. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli patim-robis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarT-lo dakavebul pirs acnobebs saqmis ganx-ilvis drosa da adgils. mxaris gamoucxa-debloba ar iwvevs sxdomis gadadebas. saq-mis ganxilva iwyeba sasamarTlos Tavmjdomar-is (mosamarTlis) moxsenebiT, romelic acx-adebs, vis mimarT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyeneb-uli patimroba, saqmis ganxilvis monawilepirebs ganumartavs maT uflebebsa da mov-aleobebs, sajarod kiTxulobs wesrigis dar-Rvevis Taobaze Sedgenil mimarTvas da us-

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mens saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs.zepiri mosmenisas damrRvev pirs/mis damcv-els saSualeba eZleva, sasamarTlos warudg-inos sakuTari mosazrebebi da misces gan-martebebi dakavebis kanonierebisa da pa-suxismgeblobis zomis Taobaze. mxareTamosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares(mosamarTles) adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvsgankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.gankargulebis gamomtani sasamarTlo (mo-samarTle) gankargulebis asls dauyovneblivgadascems damrRvev pirs, aseve gankargulebisasls aRsasruleblad ugzavnis saqarTve-los Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs. dakavebisvada CaiTvleba patimrobis saerTo vadaSi.11. patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankar-

guleba dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi da igiSeiZleba gaasaCivros pirma, romlis mimarT-ac gamoyenebul iqna patimroba, saTanadowesiT misTvis gankargulebis aslis Cabare-bidan 48 saaTis vadaSi. Semosul saCivarssasamarTlo dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabam-is sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). pirveli in-stanciis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris an mo-samarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad sa-Civrdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaresTan. saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaris, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis an mosa-marTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrde-ba saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos admin-istraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa pa-latis TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzen-aesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgilisan palatis, garda didi palatisa, Tavmj-domaris gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrde-ba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-


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los did palataSi wesrigis darRvevis SesaxebmosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad sa-Civrdeba im mosamarTlesTan, romelic armonawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. saCivariganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe da misiganxilvis vada saCivris Setanidan 24 saaTsar unda aRematebodes.SeniSvna:jarimis nebayoflobiTi aRsrulebisaTvis

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilivadis gasvlis Semdeg, am muxlis safuZ-velze dajarimebul pirs jarimasTan er-Tad daericxeba sauravi:a) 150 laris odenobiT - 50-dan 250

laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi;b) 300 laris odenobiT - 250-dan 500

laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi„.

ssk 212-e muxli ganekuTvneba im muxlebis katego-rias, romlebSic yvelaze xSirad Sedis cvlilebebi dadamatebebi. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom 2006 wlis ivlisSi dadakemberSi orjer Sevida am muxlSi aseTi cvlileba.

kanonmdeblis mxriv am muxlisadmi aseTi didi in-teresi SeiZleba ori garemoebiT aixsnas: an es norma,miuxedavad masSi Setanili mravalricxovani cvlileb-isa, mainc ar aris srulyofili da amitom ver iZlevasasurvel efeqts, an sasamarTloebi jerovnad ver iy-eneben mas.

rogorc Cans, aucilebelia gairkves am normisaraefeqtianobis namdvili mizezebi, risTvisac saWiroiqneba ganzogaddes rogorc misi, ise masTan dakavSire-buli sxva muxlebis sasamarTloebis mier gamoyenebispraqtika.

amitom, komentaris avtorebma miiRes gadawyvetile-ba gaanalizon am TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlo praqtikada miRebuli Sedegebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebiTa dawinadadebebiT gamoaqveynon calke naSromis saxiT,

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rogorc es Tavis droze gakeTda iuridiuli faqtebisudavo warmoebis wesiT dadgenis praqtikis mimarT29.

amjerad ki, 212-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT mizanSe-wonilad migvaCnia sasamarTloebis yuradReba mivaq-cioT Semdeg garemoebaze:

1. 212-e muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisaganmijnavs sasamarTloSi wesrigs da sxdomis darbazSiwesrigs. aqve miTiTebulia, Tu romel mosamarTles(Tavmjdomares, moadgiles) evaleba wesrigis uzrun-velyofa sasamarTloSi anu sasamarTlos SenobaSi saer-Tod da romels sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.

2. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamot-anil iqnes mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareTviTneburad, e.i. sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) nebar-Tvis gareSe miatovebs sxdomas (me-2 nawili) magram araim SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare gaZevebuli iqna sxdo-mis darbazidan wesrigis darRvevis gamo. aseT SemTx-vevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetile-ba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.

3. gankarguleba procesis monawilis an sxdomazedamswre piris dajarimebis an sxdomidan gaZevebisSesaxeb gamoaqvs sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles).(me-3 nawili).

4. Tu sxdomidan gaaZeves mxaris warmomadgeneli (ad-vokati), sxdoma unda gadaidos, Tu Sesabamisi mxarisinteresebs erTdroulad ramdenime warmomadgeneliar awarmoebda. (me-4 nawili).

5. am muxlis me-7 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-vlebis arsebobisas, piri SeiZleba dapatimrebuliiqnes 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.

dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamoaqvs ara imsasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles),romelmac Seadgina mimarTva, aramed im sasamarTlos(mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna mimarTva. gankar-

29 T.liluaSvili, v. xrustali, saqarTvelos uzenaesisasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiulifaqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“, Tb. 2003.


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guleba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb SeuZlia gamoitanos amaveraionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem,xolo, im raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTimosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi sasa-marTlos Tavmjdomares (me-7 nawili).

6. am muxlis me-8 nawili gulisxmobs wesrigis dar-Rvevas ara sasamarTlo sxdomaze (me-7 nawili), aramedsasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom sxdomis gareTac -sasamarTlos SenobaSi, pirma SeiZleba Caidinos iseTimoqmedeba, romelic gamoxatavs sasamarTlos mimarTupativcemulobas an xels uSlis sasamarTlos nor-malur funqcionirebas. aseTi piris mimarTac SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnes patimroba 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.

7. patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas daculiunda iqnes am muxlis me-10 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuliwesebi.

8. gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxebdauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi, magram igi SeiZleba gasa-Civrdes im wesiT, rac dadgenilia 212-e muxlis me-11nawiliT.

muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba

1. sasamarTlo ganumartavs Tarjimans mismovaleobas, Targmnos im pirTa ganmarte-bebi, Cvenebebi, gancxadebebi, romlebic arfloben samarTalwarmoebis enas, xolo ampirebs uTargmnos ganmartebaTa, CvenebaTa,gancxadebaTa, sasamarTloSi gamoqveynebuldokumentTa Sinaarsi, agreTve sasamarT-los gankargulebebi, ganCinebebi da ga-dawyvetilebebi.2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs Tarjimans, rom

Segnebulad araswori TargmanisaTvis igipasuxs agebs sisxlis samarTlis wesiT.3. Tu Tarjimani ar gamocxaddeba sasa-

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marTloSi arasapatio mizeziT, an Tavs aa-ridebs movaleobis Sesrulebas, igi SeiZ-leba dajarimdes 50 lariT.

1. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo ena-ze, xolo Tu mxarem ar icis saxelmwifo ena, mas mieCi-neba Tarjimani (me-9 muxli). Tarjimani monawileobs saq-mis ganxilvaSi sasamarTlo sxdomis sawyisi etapidan,radgan mxarem unda icodes yvelaferi, rac xdeba sxdo-maze misi dawyebidan damTavrebamde.

_ mosamarTle ver Secvlis Tarjimans, e. i. man ki-dec rom icodes is ena, romelic icis mxarem, Tarjima-ni mainc unda iqnes mowveuli.

_ piris Tarjimnad mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs ganCineba mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswine-biT.

2. mosamarTle yovelTvis valdebulia gaafrTxi-los Tarjimani, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmnisaT-vis igi pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 370-e muxlis mixedviT.

3. Tarjimnis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobisaTvissisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba araa gaTvaliswi-nebuli, magram masze SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi zemoq-medebis RonisZiebis gatareba da dajarimeba 50 lariT.

_ TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobis gan-sazRvra xdeba 45-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxliskomentari). am Tanxis anazRaureba ki xdeba saxelmwi-fo biujetis xarjze (`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~kanonis me-10 muxli).

muxli 214. sasamarTloSemadgenlobis gamocxadeba daacilebis uflebis ganmarteba

Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) acxadebs sa-samarTlo Semadgenlobas, agreTve imas, Tuvin monawileobs eqspertad, specialistad,


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Tarjimnad, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad daganumartavs mxareebs, rom maT SeuZliaTganacxadon acileba, Tu aseTi acileba sa-patiod cnobili mizeziT ar iyo gancxade-buli saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, an Tusaqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle anda sxvasasamarTlo Semadgenloba da ara is, romel-ic cnobili iyo am saqmis sasamarTlo ganx-ilvisaTvis momzadebis dros.

_ acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dasaSvebia mxolodsaqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomazeganxilvis dros acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZlebaTu: a) arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc acileba ariyo gancxadebuli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, an b)saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle an sxva sasamarTlo Se-madgenloba.

_ mas Semdeg, rac gansazRvruli iqneba mosamarTle,romelmac erTpirovnulad unda ganixilos, an kolegi-is Semadgenloba, romelmac kolegiurad unda ganixi-los saqme, isini valdebulni arian awarmoon saqme samo-qalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.es imas niSnavs, rom mosamarTles SeuZlia ganacxadosTviTacileba. SeiZleba mxareebma ganacxadon acileba,magram Tu acileba an TviTacileba ar iqneba dakmayofi-lebuli an, saerTod, gancxadebuli, saqme swored im mo-samarTlem Tu sasamarTlos Semadgenlobam unda gani-xilos da gadawyvitos, visac es saqme gadaeca.

_ aravis aqvs ufleba, garda TviTacilebisa da aci-lebisa, sxva gziT Camoacilos mosamarTle saqmis gan-xilvas da Secvalos igi sxva mosamarTliT, Tu ara ise-Ti obieqturi garemoeba, rogoricaa misi avadmyofo-ba, gardacvaleba an sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelicar aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas Seasrulos Tavisisamsaxurebrivi movaleoba.

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muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobe-bisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva

1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Sua-mdgomloba sasamarTlos waredgineba weri-lobiTi formiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rode-sac mxare axali arsebiTi garemoebis safu-velze Suamdgomlobas daayenebs sasamarT-lo sxdomaze. Suamdgomloba unda iyosdasabuTebuli, masSi konkretulad undamieTiTos moTxovna da misi argumentacia,romelic unda Seexebodes mxolod im gar-moebebs, romlebsac uSualo kavSiri aqvsSuamdgomlobaSi dasmul moTxovnasTan. erT-gvarovani Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTloserTad waredgineba. Tu mosamarTle miiC-nevs, rom Suamdgomlobis dayeneba emsax-ureba procesis gaWianurebas, igi xsnis amSuamdgomlobas. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rommxare procesis gaWianurebis mizniT ayenebsSuamdgomlobebs, igi mxareebs arTmevs Sua-mdgomlobebis dayenebis uflebas da gada-dis saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg stadiaze.2. mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa Sua-

mdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi axal mtki-cebulebaTa warmodgenis an gamoTxovisSesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba ganixilosmxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmis mosamza-debel stadiaze mxares ar SeeZlo maTiwarmodgena, agreTve Tu maT Sesaxeb mis-Tvis obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqnebodacnobili da maTi warmodgenis safuZveli-warmoiSva mTavar sxdomaze, an Tu mxaremsapatio mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabam-isi Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebiswarmodgena saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze.aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva mxareTa


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TxovniT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT Sei-Zleba gadaidos.3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-

ul sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba mxaris mierSuamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodge-nis SeuZlebloba, rac gamowveulia avad-myofobiT, axlo nTesavis gardacvalebiTan sxva gansakuTrebuli obieqturi gare-moebiT, rac misgan damokidebeli mizeziTSeuZlebels xdis Suamdgomlobisa da gancx-adebis warmodgenas. avadmyofoba dadas-turebuli unda iqnes samedicino dawese-bulebis xelmZRvanelis mier xelmowerilidokumentiT, romelic pirdapir miuTiTebssasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebis Seu-Zleblobaze.

1. 215-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtiku-li sakiTxis gadawyvetas emsaxureba:

pirveli - Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos waredg-ineba werilobiTi formiT;

meore - Tu Suamdgomlobebi aRiZvris sasamarTlosxdomaze maSin isini SeiZleba waredginos sasamarT-los zepiri formiT, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi;

mesame - erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi SeiZlebaerTad waredginos sasamarTlos (rac ar gamoricxavsmaT gancalkevebiT wardgenasac). erTgvarovnad Sei-Zleba CaiTvalos Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic erTg-varovan faqtobriv an samarTlebriv safuZvlebs em-yareba. magaliTad, Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic mosa-marTlisa da eqspertis acilebas moiTxovs;

meoTxe - Suamdgomloba, damoukideblad imisa zepi-ri Tu werilobiTi formiTaa igi warmodgenili - das-abuTebuli (motivirebuli) unda iyos. masSi naTlad dagarkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli ras moiTxovs da rissafuZvelze moiTxovs.

magaliTad, Tu mxare Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT moiTx-

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ovs mosamarTlis acilebas, man unda miuTiTos faqto-brivi garemoebebi, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs ac-ilebas (29-e, 31-e muxlebi), Tu mxare Suamdgomlobsmowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze, man unda miuTiTosTu ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mas (140-e mux-li) da a.S.

mexuTe - sasamarTlom yovelTvis mtkiced daganuxrelad unda ebZrolos saqmis ganxilva-gadawyve-tis gaWianurebis mcdelobas. amitom, mxaris yovelg-vari Suamdgomloba, romelic mimarTulia saqmis ganx-ilvis gaWianurebisaken, sasamarTlom arc unda ganixi-los. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasa-marTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win mxare Suamdgo-mlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gadados saqmis ganx-ilva, raTa aiyvanos advokati (an mowmis saxiT gamouZa-xos ama Tu im pirs, an daniSnos eqspertiza da a.S.). ase-Ti Suamdgomlobebi aSkarad mimarTulia saqmis ganx-ilvis gaWianurebisaken, radgan aranairi axali garemoe-bebi ar warmoSobila da aseTi Suamdgomlobebis day-eneba mas SeeZlo jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze da,miT ufro, sasamarTlo sxdomis gaxsnis stadiaze.

2. 215-e muxlis me-2 nawili azrisa da Sinaarsis Tanax-mad sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dauSvebelia raimewerilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgena,raime Suamdgomlobebisa Tu gancxadebebis aRZvra, sar-Celis Secvla an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, mow-mis dasaxeleba da a.S.

magram, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseTi Suamdgom-lobebiT Tu gancxadebebiT mimarTva dasaSvebia mTa-vari sxdomis gaxsnis etapze (stadiaze), e.i. sanam sasa-marTlo gadavidodes saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvaze,sanam daiwyebodes sxdomis meore etapi - saqmis ganx-ilva (217-e muxli).

sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is gare-moebac, rom am etapzec, e.i. mTavari sxdomis gaxsnisetapzec, raime axali mtkicebulebebi, Suamdgomlobe-bi, gancxadebebi, SeiZleba miiRos da ganixilos sasa-


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marTlom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini warmodge-nili da aRZruli ar iyo am saqmis momzadebis stadiazesapatio mizeziT, romlis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisre-ba axali mtkicebulebebis warmomdgens Tu Suamdgom-lobebis aRmZvrel mxares; Tu es mxare ver daamtki-cebs sapatio mizezis arsebobas, sasamarTlo saerTodar miiRebs da ar ganixilavs am mxaris Suamdrgomlobebs.

axali mtkicebulebebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze,an gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis miRebaze, ganx-ilvaze an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmas ar SeiZle-ba moyves saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba. sasamarTlom undagaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadaw-yvetileba. mxares SeuZlia aseTi uaris Tqmis arama-rTlzomierebis Sesaxeb miuTiTos Tavis saapelacio(sakasacio) saCivarSi (377-e da 407-e muxlebi).

saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba gadaidos mxolod erTSemTxvevaSi Tu mxares hqonda sapatio mizezi, risgamoc droulad ver warmoadgina axali mtkice-bulebebi da ver aRZra Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi.

3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs sapatio mizezebissanimuSo da imavdroulad araamomwuravCamonaTvals, romlebsac SeeZloT dabrkoleba Seeqm-naT mxarisaTvis gancxadebebisa da SuamdgomlobebissasamarTlosaTvis droulad wardgenisaTvis. es mize-zebia: a) mxaris avadmyofoba, rac unda dadasturdessamedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis xelmower-ili dokumentiT da b) axlo naTesavis gardacvalebiT.

aq miTiTebulia agreTve sxva obieqtur garemoebe-bzec, romlebsac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT cnobili sti-qiuri movlenebi, xangrZlivi mivlineba, sasamarTlosreorganizacia da sxva, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli See-SalaT mxarisaTvis droulad waredgina sasamarTloSiSuamdgomlobebi, mtkicebulebebi, gancxadebebi.

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muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebada gagrZeleba

1. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebiamxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-vevebSi. saqmis ganxilva misi gadadebis Sem-TxvevaSi grZeldeba im stadiidan, romelze-dac igi gadaido. sasamarTlo agreTveuflebamosilia saqmis ganxilva gaagrZe-los im stadiidan, romelsac mizanSewoniladmiiCnevs.2. Tu mowme, eqsperti da specialisti ar

gamocxaddnen, sasamarTlos mxareTa azrismosmenis Semdeg gamoaqvs ganCineba sasa-marTlo ganxilvis gagrZelebisa da gamoucx-adebel pirTa mimarT zomebis miRebis ansasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb.sasamarTlo ganxilva grZeldeba, Tu aRniS-nul pirTa gamoucxadebloba xels ar uS-lis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srulda obieqtur gamokvlevas.3. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvis gadadebi-

sas daniSnavs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dResda amis Sesaxeb acnobebs sasamarTlo pro-cesze gamocxadebul pirebs, rasac isiniadastureben xelis moweriT. gamoucxadebelda saqmeSi axalCabmul pirebs axali sasa-marTlo sxdomis dRe ecnobebaT am kodeqsis70-e-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.4. mxareTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosa-

marTles SeZlia ganixilos saqme an/da mi-iRos gadawyvetileba arasamuSao dros, maTSoris, dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi.

1. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mo-mzadebis stadia arsebobs imisaTvis, rom ar gaxdessaWiro saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTvari sx-


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domis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da saqme ganxiluliqnes erT sxdomaze da, Tu SesaZlebelia, SesvenebisgareSe.

miuxedavad amisa, zogjer saWiro da mizanSewonilixdeba saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, roca amas iTval-iswinebs kanoni.

- am muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan mijnavssaqmis ganxilvis gadadebas da saqmis ganxilvis gagr-Zelebas.

saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba - esaa am saqmis ganxil-visaTvis axali sxdomis sxva droisaTvis daniSvna.aqedan gamomdinare, arasworia uwodoT saqmis ganxil-vis gadadeba (rogorc amas zogjer SevxvdebiT praq-tikaSi) iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac saqmis ganxilva erTdRes (erT sxdomaze) ver mTavrdeba da amitom gr-Zeldeba momdevno an sxva dRes. sinamdvileSi, es iqnebaara gadadeba, aramed saqmis ganxilvis gagrZeleba sxvadRes, an kidev Sesvenebis gamocxadeba sxva dromde.

saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia mxolod kano-niT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (190-e, 229-e, 233-eda sxva muxlebi), magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sxvaSemTxvevaSi gadadeba dauSvebelia. magaliTad, Tu mow-med dabarebuli piri ar gamocxadda sxdomaze, sasa-marTlos SeuZlia daadginos misi iZulebiTi moyvana(145-e muxli). cxadia, rom Tu sasamarTlom aseTi ga-dawyvetileba miiRo, man unda gadados saqmis ganxil-va sxva droisaTvis. aseve, Tu mesame pirma damoukide-beli moTxovniT aRZra sarCeli davis saganze, mxareTapaeqrobis dawyebis win (188-e muxli) da sasamarTlommiiRo warmoebaSi sarCeli, es SeiZleba gaxdes saqmisganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli da a.S.

_saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia rogorc mx-areTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT.cxadia, sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas saqmis ganxilvisgadadeba, Tu amas miznad aqvs saqmis ganxilvis gaWia-nureba.

- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT gada-

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debis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im stadi-idan, romelzec igi gadaido, magram sasamarTlosufleba eniWeba gadauxvios am wess da TviTon gan-sazRvros Tu romeli stadiidan gaagrZelos saqmisganxilva.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad mowmis, eqsper-tis, specialistis gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad, sasa-marTlos SeuZlia ar gadados am saqmis ganxilva da gam-oitanos gadawyvetileba mxolod erTi pirobiT: TumaTi gamoucxadebloba, xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoe-baTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas“. sa-kiTxi imis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Tu ara „saqmis garemoebaTayovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvleva“ mowmis,eqspertisa da specialistis gareSe - gadawyvets sasa-marTlo mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg.

3. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina saqmis ganxilvis gada-deba, igi valdebulia daniSnos dRe axali sxdomisaTvisimave ganCinebiT, romliTac am saqmis ganxilva gadaido.amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom maSinve unda acnobos sasa-marTloze gamocxadebul pirebs da afrTxilebs maTaxal daniSvnul sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis Sedegeb-is Sesaxeb danarCenebs ki acnobebs axali sxdomis dRisSesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

4. arasamuSao dros da, miT ufro, dasvenebisa dauqme dReebSi raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaprincipulad dauSvebelia, magram rogorc gamonakli-si es dasaSvebia mxolod orive mxaris TanxmobiT.

5. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlosgamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba Setanil iqnesoqmSi (284-e muxli). am saoqmo ganCinebaSi miTiTebuliunda iyos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, axa-li sxdomis Catarebis dRe da saaTi, axali saprocesomoqmedebaTa Sesrulebis dro, im pirTa xelmowerebi,romlebic eswrebian sxdomas da maTi gafrTxilebisSesaxeb gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Taobaze.

am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.


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muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba

1. saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosa-marTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, romelicunda emyarebodes mxareTa mier warmodge-nil masalebs, xolo Tu am saqmeze Catardamosamzadebeli sxdoma agreTve am sxdomismasalebsa da oqms. mosamarTlem unda Camo-ayalibos mosarCelis (ganmcxadeblis) moTx-ovnis arsi, faqtebi, romlebic safuZvladdaedo am moTxovnas, mopasuxis Sesagebeli,faqtebi, romlebzedac ar davoben mxareebi,da is faqtebic, romlebic sadavoa, agreTvemxareebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebule-bebi, romlebic daerTvis saqmes. mosamarT-lis mier saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg iwyebamxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.2. pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosar-

Celisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame pirisaxsna-ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misimoTxovna, ra garemoebebs emyareba igi dariT adasturebs am garemoebebs, kvlav uWersTu ara mxars am moTxovnas da uars xom arambobs sarCelze, xom ar surs saqmis morige-biT damTarveba da sxva.3. Semdeg sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa

da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi Sesage-beli, xom ar cnobs sarCels, an xom ar surssaqmis morigebiT damTavreba da sxva.

_ mas Semdeg, rac ganxiluli iqneba mxareTa da maTwarmomadgenelTa yvela Suamdgomloba, gancxadeba,mosazreba da sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom ararsebobs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, da-iwyeba meore etapi _ saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva.

- saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis

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moxsenebiT mosamarTlem saqmis masalebze dayrdno-biT unda Camoayalibos:

a) mosarCelis moTxovnis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi sasar-Celo gancxadebis mixedviT;

b) garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs Ta-vis moTxovnas (mtkicebis sagani);

g) mopasuxis Sesageblis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi;d) faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs mopasuxis

Sesagebels;e) faqtebi, romlebzec ar davoben mxareebi da

faqtebi, romlebic sadavoa;v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmodgenilia mxa-

reebis mier am sadavo faqtebis dasadastureblad;mosamarTlis moxsenebaSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos

sxva iseT garemoebebzec, romlebsac aqvT mniSvnelobaam saqmisaTvis da piradad mxareebisaTvis. magaliTad,Tu mopasuxem, miuxedavad sasamarTlos gafrTxilebi-sa, ar warmoadgina werilobiTi Sesagebeli (201-e mux-li) amis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas moxsenebaSi da a.S.

2. amis Semdeg sasamarTlo sityvas axsna-ganmarteb-isaTvis aZlevs mxareebs, pirvelad sityva eZleva mo-sarCeles da mis mxareze monawile mesame pirs, Semdegki sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa da mis mxarezemonawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs.

axsna-ganmartebis win mosamarTlem unda ganumartosmxareebs rom maT ar gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva mosa-marTlis mier, aramed aRniSnon Tu raime aqvT dasamate-beli an dasazustebeli da ramdenad sworad iyo gagebu-li da gadmocemuli maTi moTxovnisa da Sesageblis arsida Sinaarsi da, Tu es saWiroa, korektireba gaukeTon mo-samarTlis moxsenebas, moiTxovon misi dazusteba.

- mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba, mowmis Cvenebisagan gan-sxvavebiT, ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli - esaa mx-aris mosazreba, misi Sexeduleba saqmis arsze mTli-anad, romelic emyareba saqmeSi arsebul masalebs dakanons. meore - esaa mxaris Cveneba saqmisaTvis mniS-vnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis


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uSualo mxilveli (mowme) TviTonaa, an romlis Sesaxebcnobebi mas gaaCnia. am TvalsazrisiT mxaris axsna-gan-marteba Zalian hgavs mowmis Cvenebas da amitom igi,rogorc mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebis wyaro,Seuclelia, mis axsna-ganmartebas am nawilSi ver Secv-lis advokatic (127-e muxli).

- mosarCelem sagangebo yuradReba unda dauTmos imgaremoebebis dadasturebas, romlebsac emyareba. manunda miuTiTos, Tu romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs,an romel faqtebs aRiarebs, xolo romelsac ar aRiarebs,riT adasturebs mas. mis mxareze monawile mesame pirmayovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli mosarCeles procesismogebaSi, risTvisac man unda miuTiTos da daadasturosTavisi pozicia mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT.

3. igive wesiT unda Camoayalibos Tavisi axsna-gan-marteba mopasuxemac. Tu man werilobiT warudgina sasa-marTlos Tavisi Sesagebeli, maSin rac SeiZleba mokledunda Seexos am Sesagebels im TvalsazrisiT, Tu raimesworad ver gaigo mosamarTlem, agreTve miuTiTos rome-li faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs, romeli faqtebi SeiZle-ba CaiTvalos damtkicebulad da romeli ara da a.S.

mxareebs SeiZleba miscen SekiTxvebi 221-e muxliTdadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

4. mxareTa gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZleva maT war-momadgenlebs, pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosar-Celis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas, xolo Semdeg mopa-suxis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas. am warmomadgenel-Ta gamosvla unda efuZnebodes saqmis masalebs da mx-areTa mier zepirad gakeTebul axsna-ganmartebebs. maTgamosvlaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqmis sa-marTlebrivi analizi, im faqtebis iuridiuli Se-faseba, romlebic maTi azriT dadasturebulia saqme-Si arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. saqmis masalebisa dakanonmdeblobis analizis safuZvelze warmomadgen-lis (advokatis) mier warmoTqmuli mosazreba aris misidaskvna mTlianad saqmis an calkeuli saproceso mo-qmedebis Sesaxeb.

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muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTagansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebisganxilva

1. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samo-qalaqo saqmeebi ganixileba daCqarebuliwesiT.2. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva iwyeba mosa-

marTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, rac undaSeexebodes sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebs.saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTlesufleba aqvs mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi,romlebic xels Seuwyobs saqmisaTvis mniS-vnelovan faqtobriv garemoebaTa dadgenasda am garemoebebis damadasturebeli mt-kicebulebebis gamokvlevas. sasamarTlosnebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia Se-kiTxva dausvas mowinaaRmdege mxares damis warmomadgenels sadavo faqtobriv gare-moebebTan dakavSirebiT. mtkicebulebaTagamoqyeyneba ar aris savaldebulo. saqmisganxilva mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT dareplikiT.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, magistratmosamarTleTa gansjadi saqmeebi, - miuxedavad imi-sa, Tu romeli mosamarTle ixilavs mas - uSualod mag-istrati mosamarTle, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasa-marTlos sxva mosamarTle, roca ama Tu im adminis-traciul teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs mag-istrati mosamarTle, an misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi(me-13 muxlis me-3 naw.) - ganixileba „daCqarebuliwesiT“.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar ic-nobs da ar gansazRvravs „daCqarebulad“ saqmeTaganxilvis wesebs. amitom, am muxlis pirveli nawilisdanawesi unda gavigoT rogorc survili an mowode-


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ba, romelic kargi iqneba Tu gavrceldeba aramartomagistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeebze, aramedsaerTod yvela kategoriis saqmeebze da yvela in-stanciis sasamarTloebze.

sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa droulad („daCqarebu-lad“) ganxilvis erTaderTi garantiaa samoqalaqosaqmeTa sasamarTloSi warmoebis ssk-iT dadgeniliwesebis zustad da ganuxrelad dacva. amitom, sasa-marTloebma swored am wesebis dacviT saqmeTa ganx-ilvas unda miaqcion mTavari yuradReba.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili principulad ar gansxavde-ba 217-e muxliT gansazRvruli samoqalaqo saqmeTaganxilvis wesisagan. ori garemoeba iqcevs mxolodyuradRebas: erTi - saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamar-Tles SeuZlia mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, ise romjer ar mousminos maT axsna-ganmartebas, da meore -saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba ar arissavaldebulo.

amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos Semdegi:pirveli - sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoZaxeba warmoebsaxsna-ganmartebis misaRebad. sasamarTlo sxdomazegamocxadebul mxares sruli ufleba aqvs misces sasa-marTlos axsna-ganmarteba da aravis, maT Soris saqmisganmxilvel mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs waarTvas mx-ares es ufleba.

rac Seexeba mosamarTlis SekiTxvebs mxareebisad-mi, agreTve mxareTa SekiTxvebs erTmaneTis mimarT,aseT SekiTxvebs SeiZleba hqondeT erTaderTi mizaniSeavsos xarvezi, romelic yovelTvis axlavs Tavisu-fali TxrobiT mxaris an mowmis mier gadmocemul axs-na-ganmartebas da Cvenebas (ix. 222-e muxlis komentari).meore - saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyne-ba sasamarTlo sxdomaze araa savaldebulo arc magis-trati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebis da arc sxvakategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.

amasTan erTad, nebismieri „saqmis ganxilvamTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da replikiT“.

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muxli 218. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa morigebis mizniT

1. sasamarTlom yovelnairad unda Seuwy-os xeli da miiRos kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-uli yvela zoma, raTa mxareebma saqmemorigebiT daamTavron.2. mosamarTles SeuZlia miuTiTos davis

gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze da mxareebsSesTavazos morigebis pirobebi.

1. jer kidev saqmis mozadebis stadiaze mosamar-Tles evaleba miiRos yvela zoma mxareTa morigebi-saTvis, magram Tu es maSin ver moxerxda, man kvlav undamiiRos Sesabamisi zomebi maTi morigebisaTvis mTavarsxdomaze. mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobisgziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli g arigeba, romelic ax-leburad gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs.faqtiurad mxareTa morigebiT saqmis damTavreba niS-navs mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis TviT am mxareebismier gadawyvetas, rac yovelTvis da yvelgan iTvle-boda davis gadawyvetis yvelaze saukeTeso formad.saqme isaa, rom morigebiT saqmis damTavrebis SemTx-vevaSi xdeba davis (konfliqtis) aramarto iuridiu-lad, aramed faqtobrivadac gadawyveta, maSin rode-sac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT dava ki gadawydebaiuridiulad erTxel da samudamod, magram faqtiuradmxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava SeiZleba gagrZeldes dazogjer kidev ufro gamwvavdes, gansakuTrebiT rode-sac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba araa sakmaod das-abuTebuli da damajerebeli.

2. am muxlis meore nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs sasa-marTlos aqtiur rolze mxareTa morigebis mizniT. esimas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom damajereblad undaganumartos mxareebs saqmis morigebiT damTavrebisupiratesobaze, mizanSewonilobaze da misi orive mx-


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arisaTvis xelsayrelobaze. SesTavazos maT morige-bis pirobebi da amiT moaxdinos maTze saWiro zemo-qmedeba am TvalsazrisiT.

rac Seexeba davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo SedegebzemiTiTebas, aq mosamarTlem unda gamoiCinos gan-sakuTrebuli sifrTxile: mxare SeiZleba ar wavidesmorigebaze, Tu mosamarTlem ganacxada („miuTiTa“) romdava SeiZleba gadawydes ama Tu im mxaris sasargeblodan sarCeli SeiZleba dakmayofildes mTlianad an nawi-lobriv da da.S. arc morigebis win da arc morigebisSemdeg SeiZleba ar iyos mizanSewonili „davis gadaw-yvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTeba“.

muxli 219. axal garemoebebzemiTiTeba

1. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis drosmaT SeiZleba wamoayenon axali mosazrebe-bi, an miuTiTon axal garemoebebze, ro-melTa Sesaxebac ar yofila gancxadebulisaqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze an mxareTazepiri Sejibrebis dawyebamde.2. sasamarTlo gaiTvaliswinebs am axal

garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebs, Tu cnobs,rom maT Sesaxeb Tavis droze ar iyo gan-cxadebuli sapatio mizeziT da rom es armomxdara saqmis gaWianurebis mizniT. mo-winaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasa-marTlos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, raTamoemzados am axali garemoebebisa Tu mtki-cebulebebis gasaqarwyeblad.3. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi

sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 216-e muxliT.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili ar ukrZalavs mxareebswamoayenon mTavar sxdomaze TavianT axsna-ganmartebeb-Si axali mosazrebebi da miuTiTon axal garemoebebze.

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axali iqneba iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic adre ariyo gamoTqmuli da wamoyenebuli. magaliTad, Tu mo-pasuxem ar warudgina sasamarTlos werilobiTi Sesage-beli momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxli), es ar arTmevsmas uflebas zepiri formiT Camoayalibos Tavisi Sesa-gebeli mTavar sxdomaze, magram es ukve iqneba axali ga-remoebebi (mosazrebebi), romlebic adre ar iyo cnobi-li. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mosarCelezec, romelic Ta-vis zepir axsna-ganmartebaSi mTavar sxdomaze uTiTebsiseT axal garemoebebze da mtkicebulebebze, romle-bic ar iyo miTiTebuli misi sarCelis safuZvelSi an ki-dev, mis mier adre warmodgenil werilobiT masalebSi.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, romlis adresatia sasamar-Tlo, Seicavs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniS-vnelovan danawess: sasamarTlo ar gaiTvaliswinebs amaxal garemoebebs, ar miiRebs araviTar mtkicebule-bebs, angariSs ar gauwevs axal mosazrebebs, Tu isini sa-patio mizezis gareSe ar iyo warmodgenili Tavis dro-ze, e. i. am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. amrigad, mizezissapatioba, aris axlad wamoyenebuli garemoebebis, mtki-cebulebebis, mosazrebebis gansaxilvelad da gasaana-lizeblad daSvebis winapiroba, magram ara maTi gazia-rebis Tu dakmayofilebis safuZveli.

3. Tu sasamarTlo, sapatio mizezis arsebobis SemT-xvevaSi, dauSvebs gansaxilvelad am axal garemoebebsan miiRebs axal mtkicebulebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxa-res, romelsac miaCnia, rom am axali garemoebebisa damtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad dro sWirdeba, Se-uZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba 216-e mux-liT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miRebagamocxadebuli pirisagan

Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxaddebamxolod erTi mxare, sasamarTlo miiRebsaxsna-ganmartebas am erTi mxarisagan.


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_ gamocxadebuli mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis mi-Reba aramarto mizanSewonilia, aramed aucilebelic(130-e muxli).

praqtikulad araa gamoricxuli SemTxveva, rode-sac gamocxadebuli erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mosarCe-le, uars ityvis sarCelze, an kidev, mopasuxe _ cnobssarCels. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoita-nos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyve-tileba, romelic daefuZneba mopasuxis mier sarCeliscnobas, an kidev, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb, romelsac safuZvlad daedeba mosarCelis mi-er sarCelze uaris Tqma (272-e muxli ̀ g~ qvepunqti).

_ Tu gamocxadebuli mxare moiTxovs dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ga-moitanos igi 229-e da 230-e muxlebis Sesabamisad (ix.am muxlebis komentari).

muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi

sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxaresSeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege mxa-res da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxvauadgilo an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxure-ba saqmis garemoebis gamokvlevasa da dad-genas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an Ta-visi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTiSekiTxva. SekiTxvis Seusabamod an uadgi-lod miCneva da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosa-marTles erTpirovnulad, anda sasamarT-los _ kolegiurad, roca saqmes kolegiurisasamarTlo ganixilavs.

_ SekiTxva unda emsaxurebodes saqmisaTvis mniSv-nelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenas. Tu SekiTxva ammizans ar emsaxureba, uadgiloa, an arRvevs eTikis nor-mebs, mosamarTlem dauyovnebliv unda moxsnas aseTiSekiTxva.

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_ SekiTxvis moxsnis sakiTxi SeiZleba daayenos mxa-rem (warmomadgenelma). SekiTxva Tavisi iniciativiT(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSec) SeuZlia moxsnas mo-samarTlem, kolegiis Tavmjdomarem, an sasamarTloskolegiam erTmaneTTan moTaTbirebis Sedegad.

muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles, romelic erTpirovnulad ga-nixilavs saqmes, kolegiuri sasamarTlosTavmjdomaresa da mis nebismier wevrs uf-leba aqvT mxareebs miscen SekiTxvebi, rom-lebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyveti-saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa sru-lad da zustad gansazRvras, am garemoe-bebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa ga-movlenasa da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, ma-Ti utyuarobis gamorkvevas.

_ SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba sasa-marTloze. mosamarTles SeuZlia misces SekiTxva mxa-res nebismier dros, oRond mas Semdeg, roca mxare da-amTavrebs axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemas.

_ axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemis procesSi mosamarT-les SeuZlia mxares misces ara SekiTxva, aramed SeniSvnaimis Sesaxeb, rom man ilaparakos mxolod saqmis Sesaxebda Sewyvitos saubari iseT sakiTxebze da garemoebebze,romlebsac am saqmisaTvis raime mniSvneloba ar aqvT.

muxli 223. mxareTa SejibrebisxelmZRvaneloba

1. mxareTa Sejibrebas xelmZRvanelobs sa-samarTlo. igi xsnis, warmarTavs da wyvetsSejibrebas, sityvas aZlevs an sityvis uf-lebas arTmevs yvelas, vinc ar emorCilebamas; aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis zepiri


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ganxilvis interesebidan gamomdinare, si-tyvis dasrulebisaTvis mxares ganusazRvravsdros; iRebs gadawyvetilebebs zepiri Se-jibrebis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze daacxadebs am gadawyvetilebebs.2. sasamarTlo iRebs am kodeqsiT gaTva-

liswinebul zomebs, raTa saqme yovelmxriviqnes gamokvleuli, mxareTa paeqroba zed-metad ar gaWianurdes da ar garTuldesda saqmis ganxilva damTavrdes rac SeiZ-leba swrafad _ erT sasamarTlo sxdomazeda, Tu SesaZlebelia, _ Sesvenebis gareSe.

1. aramarto mxareTa Sejibrebas, aramed samoqala-qo saqmis warmoebas mTlianad xelmZRvanelobs sasa-marTlo. amisaTvis sasamarTlos aqvs erTi didi orien-tiri _ samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amom-wuravad gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis wess da maT So-ris mxareTa zepir Sejibrebas.

_ mxareebma jer kidev procesis sawyis etapze _ sar-Celis warmoebaSi miRebis momentidan, unda gaacnobi-eron, rom saqmis momzadebas (werilobiT Sejibrebas),mis ganxilvas (zepir Sejibrebas) da gadawyvetas xelm-ZRvanelobs sasamarTlo da, rom igi uflebas ver mis-cems Tavis Tavsa da miT umetes mxares, daarRvios saq-mis warmoebis kanoniT gansazRvruli wesebi.

_ mxareTa zepiri Sejibreba saqmis warmoebis yvela-ze rTuli nawilia. am dros sWirdeba sasamarTlos gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba da principuloba. sasamarTlomaraviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas mxareTa miermwvave da urTierTSeuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebi, man un-da Seawyvetinos sityva yvelas vinc ar emorCileba. ne-bismieri gadawyvetileba, romelsac igi miiRebs proce-sis msvlelobis dros, maSinve unda gamocxaddes.

- sityvis dasrulebisaTvis drois gansazRvris auci-lebloba (rac SeiZleba mTeli rigi gaugebrobebi moyves)ar warmoiSoba Tu sasamarTlo uflebas ar miscems mxa-

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reebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ilaparakon iseT sakiTx-ebze, romlebsac ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.

2. Tu saqme kargad iyo momzadebuli, rogorc amases kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs, Tu TviTon sasamarTlockargadaa momzadebuli da saqmis ganxilva zedmetadda usargeblod ar Wianurdeba _ sasamarTlos mTavarisxdoma da saqmis gadawyveta Zalian swrafad, Sesvene-bis gareSe unda damTavrdes.

muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelisSecvlisa da mopasuxis mierSegebebuli sarCelis aRZvris SesaxebsakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi

1. mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvlisaTu sagnis Secvlis an sasarCelo moTxovnisgadidebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZR-vanelobs 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.2. mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis

aRZvrisa da sasamarTlos mier misi miRebisSemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 188-190-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis sa-fuZveli an sagani, gaadidos Tavisi moTxovna saqmismomzadebis stadiaze. saqmis momzadebis stadia dam-Tavrebulad iTvleba mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarT-lo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis sasamarTlos mTavarsxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli).

_ mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg an uSualod mTa-var sxdomaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCeli,an gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovna, magram amisaTvis uk-ve saWiroa mopasuxis winaswari Tanxmoba (83-e muxlisme-3 nawili).

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, romel etapzec ar unda Secva-los mosarCelem sarCeli, mopasuxes winaswar unda ec-nobos, raTa igi moemzados Secvlili sarCelis wina-


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aRmdeg TavdacvisaTvis da miiRos gadawyvetileba aseTSecvlaze Tanxmobis Sesaxeb, roca amas kanoni iTvalis-winebs.

2. mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCelisaqmis momzadebis damTavrebamde, e.i. mTavari sxdo-mis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miRebamde (207-e mux-li).

_ am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZrasSegebebuli sarCeli, sasamarTlo paeqtrobis dawyebam-de (188-e muxli) Tu sasamarTlo sapatiod miiCnevs va-dis gaSvebas. sapatio mizezebis dadasturebis tvirTiekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac unda miuTiTos da daam-tkicos iseTi garemoebis arseboba, romelmac xeli Seu-Sala mas Tavis droze aReZra Segebebuli sarCeli.

_ amrigad, Segebebuli sarCelis Tavis droze aRuZ-vrelobis mizezis sapatiooba, aris am sarCelis dasaS-vebobis, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi piro-ba. sxva mxriv, igi unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,rac gaTvaliswinebulia 189-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari).

muxli 225. warmodgenilmtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba

mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmarte-bis mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlo am kode-qsiT dadgenili wesiT amowmebs warmodge-nil mtkicebulebebs. sasamarTlo am kode-qsis 104-e muxlis Sesabamisad saqmidan am-oiRebs mtkicebulebebs da saqmeSi war-modgenil im dokumentebs, romlebsac saqmi-saTvis ara aqvT mniSvneloba.

_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens oriTvalsazrisiT: erTi, ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuariawarmodgenili mtkicebuleba, da meore, ra daskvnebisgakeTeba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebebidan saqmisaTvis

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mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (saZiebeli faqtebis)arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb.

_ mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobisSemowmebis mizniT sasamarTlom uSualod unda mous-minos mxareebs, mesame pirebs, Tanamonawileebs, Sea-daros maTi axsna-ganmartebebi erTmaneTs. man uSua-lod unda dakiTxos da mousminos mowmeebs, daaTva-lieros nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, moaxdinos adgil-ze daTvaliereba, daniSnos eqspertiza, moiwvios spe-cialisti da a. S. yvela es moqmedeba sasamarTlom un-da Seasrulos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da, bolos,moaxdinos yvela Sekrebili masalis, saqmeSi arsebu-li yvela mtkicebulebis SedarebiTi gamokvleva. TuaseTi Sedarebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi ar-sebobs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mtkicebulebebi, sa-samarTlom unda aRmofxvras es winaaRmdegoba, risT-visac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes mxareebisgan ganmeore-biT axsna-ganmartebis miReba, mowmeTa ganmeorebiTdakiTxva, eqspertizis, maT Soris damatebiTi da gan-meorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna da a. S.

- Tu mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba - Sefasebis drosaRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi aris iseTi mtkicebulebebida masalebi, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ar aqvs mniSvnelo-ba, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT amoiRebs maT saqmi-dan 104-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari).

muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTaSemowmebis damTavreba

saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebisganxilvisa da Semowmebis Semdeg sasamarT-lo ekiTxeba mxareebsa da warmomadgenlebs,xom ar surT raime daumaton saqmis masa-lebs. Tu aseTi survili ar gamoiTqva, sa-samarTlo saqmis gamokvlevas damTavrebu-


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lad acxadebs, ris Semdegac iwyeba mxareTapaeqroba.

mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevisa da Semowmebis pro-cesSi aqtiurad monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmo-madgenlebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT da sruli uflebaaqvT aramarto SekiTxvebi miscen erTmaneTs, mowmeebs,eqspertebs, specialistebs, aramed gamoTqvan Tavian-Ti dasabuTebuli mosazreba saqmeSi arsebuli mtkice-bulebebis Sesaxeb, am mtkicebulebaTa utyuarobisa dasarwmunoobis Sesaxeb.

_ bolos, mas Semdeg, rac mxareTa monawileobiT ga-mokvleuli iqneba yvela warmodgenili mtkicebule-ba, sasamarTlo kvlav unda SeekiTxos mxareebs, xom arsurT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs, Tu maT araferiaqvT dasamatebeli, sasamarTlo gadadis mxareTa paeq-robaze.

_ am momentidan saqmis gamokvleva damTavrebuladiTvleba.

muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba

1. paeqroba Sedgeba mxareebisa da maTiwarmomadgenlebis sityvebisagan.2. pirvelad gamodian mosarCele da misi

warmomadgeneli. Semdeg _ mopasuxe da misiwarmomadgeneli, mesame piri, romelmac ga-nacxada dawyebul procesSi davis saganzedamoukidebeli moTxovna, da misi warmo-madgeneli gamodian mxareebis Semdeg. mesa-me piri, romelsac davis saganze damouki-debeli moTxovna ar ganucxadebia, da misiwarmomadgeneli gamodian im mosarCelis anmopasuxis Semdeg, romlis mxarezedac mesa-me piri monawileobs saqmeSi.

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paeqroba _ esaa Semajamebeli sityva. paeqrobaSi mo-nawileoba da maSasadame, Semajamebeli sityvis warmoT-qmis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, Tanamonawileebs, mesame pi-rebs damoukidebeli moTxovniT Tu mis gareSe, warmo-madgenlebs.

_ mopaeqre Tavis sityvaSi unda Seecados gaanali-zos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, aRniSnos saq-misaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebi(faqtebi) dasturdeba, am mtkicebulebebiT, romeligaremoebebi (faqtebi) ver dadasturda da romel mxa-res ekisreboda maTi dadasturebis (damtkicebis)tvirTi. mxares SeuZlia sabolood Camoayalibos Turomeli garemoebebi dadasturda mtkicebulebebismeSveobiT da romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuliam saqmis gadawyvetis dros.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs paeqrobaSi mo-nawileTa rigiTobas, romelic zustad unda daicvas sa-samarTlom.

_ paeqrobas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo, romel-mac ar unda dauSvas iseTi gamosvla, romelic scilde-ba paeqrobis mizans.

_ SekiTxvebi mopaeqris mimarT dauSvebelia.

muxli 228. replika

1. mas Semdeg, rac paeqrobis yoveli mona-wile warmoTqvams sityvas, maT SeuZliaTxelmeored gamovidnen warmoTqmul sity-vasTan dakavSirebiT. ukanaskneli replikisufleba yovelTvis ekuTvniT mopasuxes damis warmomadgenels.2. mxareTa paeqrobis Semdeg sasamarTlo

gadis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, ris Se-saxebac ucxadebs sxdomis darbazSi damsw-re pirebs.


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1. replika _ esaa xelmeored gamosvla, rac ganpi-robebulia paeqrobaSi monawile pirisaTvis pasuxisgacemis saWiroebiT.

_ replikis, anu sapasuxo gamosvlis rigiToba undaSeesabamebodes paeqrobaSi monawileobis rigiTobas(227-e muxlis me-2 nawili), oRond imis gaTvaliswine-biT, rom ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis aqvsmopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels.

_ replika _ esaa ufleba, romliTac SeuZliaT isar-geblon, magram SeuZliaT uari Tqvan masze.

2. paeqrobiT mTavrdeba mTavari sxdoma da sasa-marTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.

_ saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win sasamarTlom yo-velTvis unda gamoacxados, rom igi gadis gadawyve-tilebis gamosatanad.

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T a v i XXVI

dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba

muxli 229. mosarCelisgamoucxadebloba

1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze argamocxaddeba mosarCele, romelsac gaeg-zavna Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dad-genili wesiT, mopasuxis Suamdgomlobis sa-fuZvelze sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoita-nos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelisdakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.2. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs dauswrebeli

gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-tovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276-278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedege-bi. Tu mopasuxe sarCelis ganuxilveladdatovebis winaaRmdegia, sasamarTlo gada-debs saqmis ganxilvas. mosarCelis ganmeo-rebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyve-tilebas.

1. Tu sasamarTlos sxdomaze gamocxadda mopasuxe,magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlos SeuZ-lia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mosar-Celis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, magram, mxolod ori pi-robis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mopasuxeSuamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoita-nos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayo-filebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; meore _ ar arsebobs da-uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebe-li garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-emuxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).


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_ gamoucxadebeli mosarCelis winaaRmdeg dauswre-beli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros sasamarTlo arafasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs da arcmTlianad saqmes samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. masgamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dak-mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gamo-ucxadeblobis gamo da ara saqmis masalebis mixedviT.

2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis gamotanis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasa-marTlom unda gaarkvios Tanaxma iqneba Tu ara mopasu-xe rom sasamarTlom sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos.Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCine-bas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (275-emuxlis ̀ g~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu mopasuxe amis winaaRm-degia, maSin sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRva-nelobs ssk 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am mux-lis komentari).

_ Tu gadadebuli saqmis gansaxilvelad daniSnulsasamarTlos sxdomaze kvlav gamocxadda mopasuxe,magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlo gamoi-tans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayo-filebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, risTvisac mopasuxisTanxmoba saWiro aRar aris, magram dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetilebis gamotanis sxva pirobebi (233-e muxlis pir-veli nawili) saWiroa.

3. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesa-xeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis gamotanis TvalsazrisiT, rodesacsaqmeSi monawileobs ramdenime mosarCele an ramdeni-me mopasuxe da sxdomaze cxaddeba mxolod nawili.

_ Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosar-Celis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoad-gens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ a~qvepunqti), an, roca sarCeli wardgenilia ramdenimemopasuxis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, roca pasuxismgeb-loba solidarulia), e. i. roca Tanamonawileoba sa-

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valdebuloa, maSin ramdenime mosarCelidan erTis ga-mocxadeba an ramdenime mopasuxidan erT-erTis gamoc-xadeba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoi-tanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawy-vetileba. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTiTanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawi-lis gamocxadebas (ix. 86-e muxlis komentari).

_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva moT-xovna sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin gamocxade-buli mopasuxis mimarT gamotanili unda iqnes Cveu-lebrivi gadawyvetileba, xolo gamoucxadebeli mopa-suxis (mopasuxeebis) mimarT _ dauswrebeli gadawyve-tileba.

_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mo-sarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva mopasu-xis mimarT, maSin SeiZleba gamoucxadebel mosarCele-Ta Tu mopasuxeTa mimarT gamotanil iqnes dauswrebe-li gadawyvetileba, xolo gamocxadebulebis mimarT _Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba (ix. 182-e muxlis me-3 naw-ilis komentari).

muxli 230. mopasuxisgamoucxadebloba

1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze argamocxaddeba mopasuxe, romelsac gaegzav-na Setyobineba am kodeqsis 70-78-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT, da mosarCele Su-amdgomlobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebisgamotanaze, maSin sarCelSi miTiTebuli faq-tobrivi garemoebebi damtkicebulad iTv-leba.2. Tu sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi

iuridiulad amarTlebs sasarCelo moT-xovnas, sarCeli dakmayofildeba. winaaRm-deg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uars etyvismosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze.


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1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda mosarCele,magram ar gamocxadda mopasuxe, sasamarTlo gamoitansdauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofile-bis Sesaxeb sami pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas:pirveli _ mosarCele Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos wi-naSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-ba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb mopasuxis gamo-ucxadeblobis gamo; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebe-li gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli gare-moebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e muxlispirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da mesame _sarCelSi miTiTebuli da mopasuxis gamoucxadeblo-bis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iu-ridiulad amarTleben moTxovnas.

2. ise rogorc mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemT-xvevaSi (229-e muxli), mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobisSemTxvevaSic sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faq-tobrivi garemoebebi iTvleba damtkicebulad, magrammxolod es araa sakmarisi dauswrebeli gadawyveti-lebis gamotanisaTvis mosarCelis sasargeblod. ami-saTvis, agreTve saWiroa rom es damtkicebulad CaTv-lili faqtobrivi garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleb-des mosarCelis moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni ukavSirebdesim Sedegs, romlis dadgomac surs mosarCeles. Tu mo-pasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaT-vlili garemoebebi iuridiulad ar amarTleben mosar-Celis moTxovnas, maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoitanosara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyveti-leba, romliTac uari unda eTqvas sxdomaze gamocxa-debul mosarCeles sarCelze. magram, Tu aRniSnuligaremoebebi mosarCelis moTxovnas iuridiulad amar-Tleben, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyve-tilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovs mopasuxisa da misiojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxlebas im garemoebe-bis safuZvelze, rom man es bina SeiZina auqcionze, gax-da misi mesakuTre, rac registrirebulia sajaro re-

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estrSi, xolo am binis yofili mesakuTre aris mopasu-xe, romelmac dakarga biniT sargeblobis ufle-ba.magram winaaRmdegia gaaTavisuflos bina da Tanax-maa gadaixados binis qira. mosarCeles ki unda am binissastumrod gadakeTeba. mopasuxis mTavar sasamarTlosxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis gamo, yvela es faqtebidadasturebulad unda CaiTvalos, magram sasamarTlomes faqtebi unda Seafasos iuridiulad. samoqalaqo ko-deqsis 307-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad: ̀ axal Sem-Zenze sakuTrebis gadasvliT Zveli mesakuTre ganixi-leba damqiraveblad sabazro pirobebis Sesabamisad~.

amrigad, mosarCelis mier Tavisi moTxovnis dasasa-buTeblad sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebiver amarTleben iuridiulad am moTxovnas, amitom sa-samarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelisdakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT da es iqne-ba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyve-tileba, aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. sa-kasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovs sasamarTlo-ebisagan, raTa maT mtkiced daicvan 230-e muxlis me-2nawilis danawesi da kargad Seamowmon Tu ramdenadamarTleben iuridiulad sarCelSi miTiTebuli gare-moebebi mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas.30

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mopasuxis gamoucxadeb-lobis gamo sarCelSi miTiTebuli da damtkicebuladCaTvlili garemoebebi nawilobriv amarTleben, magramnawilobriv ar amarTleben iuridiulad mosarCelismoTxovnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamo-itanos erTi saproceso dokumenti _ ̀ gadawyvetile-ba _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~, romelSic aRniS-nuli iqneba, Tu ra nawilSi dakmayofilda mosarCelismoTxovna da ra nawilSi eTqva mas uari. moTxovnis isnawili, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mosarCe-les _ aisaxeba erTiani saproceso dokumentis im na-wilSi, romelsac ̀ gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba, xolo moT-

30 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#6, gv.550-551


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xovnis is nawili, romelic dakmayofilda _ aisaxeba amdokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac ̀ dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetileba~ ewodeba.

3. Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosar-Celis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgenssaerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqti), maSin am ram-denime mosarCelisagan erTis gamocxadebis SemTxveva-Sic (roca mopasuxe ar gamocxadda) gamotanili unda iq-nes erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela (da aramxolod erTi gamocxadebuli) mosarCelis sasargeblod.

_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mo-sarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva an erTimopasuxis mimarT, maSin Tu ar gamocxadda mopasuxe(mopasuxeebi), magram gamocxaddnen mosarCeleebi, ga-motanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvelamosarCelis sasargeblod, magram Tu gamocxadda erTi(an meti), magram ar gamocxaddnen sxvebi, maSin gamoc-xadebuli mosarCelis sasargeblod gamotanili iqne-ba dauswrebeli, xolo gamoucxadebeli mosarCelee-bis moTxovnebis mimarT SeiZleba sarCeli ganuxilve-lad darCes (231-e muxli).

muxli 231. orive mxarisgamoucxadebloba

Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadde-ba arc erTi mxare, romlebsac gaegzavnaTSetyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgeniliwesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sar-Celis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, ra-sac ukavSirdeba 276-e da 278-e muxlebiTgaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi.

_ orive mxaris mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamo-ucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-Cineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb,oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT: Tu mxareebs gaeg-

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zavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad dasaqmeSi aris amis damadasturebeli dokumenti.

_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSimosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia aRZras igive sarCeli saer-To wesis dacviT (278-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saq-mis ganaxleba, axali sarCelis aRZvris gareSe, rasaczogjer moiTxoven mxareebi, anu ganuxilvelad dato-vebuli sarCelis ̀ gacocxleba~, dauSvebelia.

_ ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesa-xeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).

muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomazegamocxadebuli mxaris uarimonawileoba miiRos saqmisganxilvaSi

gamoucxadeblad iTvleba mxare, romelic,Tumca sasamarTlo sxdomaze daniSnul drosgamocxadda, magram uars ambobs saqmis gan-xilvaSi monawileobaze.

_ praqtikaSi zogjer or gansxvavebul viTarebas-Tan gvaqvs saqme: pirveli _ rodesac mxare gamocxad-da, magram ara im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRossaqmis ganxilvaSi. am muxlis pirdapiri danawesis mi-xedviT, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoi-tanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba; da meore _ ro-desac mxare gamocxadda im ganzraxviT, rom monawile-oba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, daiwyo kidec monawile-oba, magram procesis ama Tu im etapze, datova sxdomaan imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom misi Suamdgomloba ardaakmayofila, an SeiZleba imis gamo, rom procesismsvlelobis mixedviT misi pozicia arc ise saimedo aR-moCnda. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanosdauswrebeli gadawyvetileba im mxaris winaaRmdeg,romelmac miatova sxdoma. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebaan saqmis masalebis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis gamota-


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na aseTi mxaris waxaliseba iqneboda, miT ufro, Tu saq-mis masalebi misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis ga-motanis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.

_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis win (217-e muxli) sasamar-Tlom unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, rom saqmis ganxilva-Si monawileobis miuRebloba an sxdomis mitoveba saqmisganxilvis nebismier etapze da sasamarTlos nebarTvisgareSe, miCneul iqneba rogorc gamoucxadebloba da ga-motanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.

muxli 233. sasamarTlosdauswrebeli gadawyvetilebisgamotanis dauSvebloba

sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-bis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu:a) gamoucxadebeli mxare mowveuli ar

iyo 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT;b) sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom

adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxvamovlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli See-SalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad ga-mocxadebisaTvis;g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar

ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Se-saxeb;d) ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris winapi-

robebi.2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~, `b~ da

`g~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi ga-remoebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo saqmis gan-xilvas sxva droisaTvis niSnavs, ris Sesaxebacatyobinebs gamoucxadebel mxares da saqmeSimonawile sxva pirebs, xolo ̀ d~„ qvepunqtSimiTiTebuli sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebisarsebobisas sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis war-moebas 272-e muxlis Sesabamisad.

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1. mxaris gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad sasamarT-lo ver gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, anudauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebeliaam muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili garemoebebisarsebobisas.

a) mowveulad iTvleba mxare, romelsac uwyeba gaeg-zavna da Cabarda 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saq-meSi unda iyos cnoba, rom mas am wesiT uwyeba Cabarda.ar aris aucilebeli, rom uwyeba Cabardes uSualod mxa-res. uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba maSinac, roca igi Ca-barda misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs, an samuSao adgi-lis administracias. (ix. 70-78-e muxlebis komentari).

b) dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSve-belia maSinac, roca uwyeba Tumca kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT gaigzavna da Cabarda mxares, magram sasamarTlo-saTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, rom-lebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxaris sasamarTloSidroulad gamocxadebisaTvis (miwisZvra, wyaldidobada a. S.). mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu romeli wyaroebidanmiiRo sasamarTlom es cnobebi (presa, radio, televi-zia an sxva nebismieri wyaro).

g) 201-e muxli avaldebulebs sasamarTlos drou-lad gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da TandarTulisabuTebis aslebi, agreTve yvela sxva masala, romelicSeicavs informacias im faqtiuri garemoebebis Se-saxeb, romlebic wamoyenebulia mis winaaRmdeg mo-sarCelis mier. Tavis mxriv sasamarTlos evaleba dro-ulad gadaugzavnos mosarCeles mopasuxis mier war-modgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli, TandarTuli sabu-Tis aslebi, Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. (203-e muxli).

_ ̀ droulad ecnobos~ imas niSnavs, rom mxarem ase-Ti informacia unda miiRos mTavar sxdomamde, ufrozustad, momzadebis stadiaze, xolo gamonaklis Sem-TxvevebSi am stadiis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e mux-li), magram im angariSiT, rom man SeZlos moemzados Ta-vis dasacavad. saqmeSi unda arsebobdes cnoba, Tu ro-dis gaegzavna mxares saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis


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Semcveli cnobebi da amis mixedviT mosamarTlem undagaakeTos daskvna droulobaze.

d) sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi CamoTvlilia 186-e muxlSi. Tu sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom SecdomiT miiRosarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo, radgan ar arsebobdamisi miRebis winapirobebi, maSin man unda gamoitanosara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCinebasaqmis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datove-bis Sesaxeb (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).

2. imis mixedviT, Tu ra garemoebiTaa ganpirobebulidauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSveblo-ba, am muxlis meore nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis ganxil-vis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas an saqmis warmoebis Sew-yvetas.

amasTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia ga-vakeToT Semdegi Sinaarsis daTqma: sarCelis aRZvriswinapirobebi miTiTebulia 186-e muxlSi, xolo aRiare-biTi sarCelis mimarT damatebiT 180-e muxlSi (ix. ammuxlebis komentari). Tu es winapirobebi ar arsebobs,sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu Sec-domiT miiRo, maSin _ imis mixedviT, romeli winapirobaar arsebobs _ unda Sewyvitos saqme an sarCeli ganu-xilvelad datovos (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).

aqedan gamomdinare, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobssarCelis aRZvris esa Tu is winapiroba, sasamarTlos Se-iZleba mouxdes ara marto saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,rogorc es miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramedsarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, imis mixedviT, TusarCelis aRZvris romeli winapiroba ar arsebobs.

muxli 234. dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi un-da Seesabamebodes 249-e muxlis moTxov-nebs samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebis ga-reSe.

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dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi mokled, magram naT-lad da garkveviT unda mieTiTos yvelafer imaze, racaucileblad unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebebSi saer-Tod, samotivacio nawilis gareSe (249-e muxli). Tu da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamodis mopasuxis gamouc-xadeblobis gamo, maSin dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSimiTiTebuli unda iyos kanonze (materialur-samarT-lebriv normaze), romlis safuZvelze sarCelSi mi-TiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben mosa-rCelis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslisgagzavna

mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasa-marTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawy-vetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRisganmavlobaSi.

_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis aslis gadagzavnawarmoebs 70-78-e muxlebis mixedviT. igi CabarebuladiTvleba miuxedavad imisa, uSualod xelze Cabarda mases gadawyvetileba, Tu igi Cabarda am muxlebiT gaTva-liswinebul pirebs. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxle-bis mixedviT dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis CabarebisSesaxeb.

muxli 236. dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba

mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasa-marTlo sxdomaze, ris gamoc mis winaaRm-deg gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyveti-leba, SeuZlia aseTi gadawyvetilebis ga-momtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos saCivaridauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisada saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.


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_ es muxli gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia gaasaCiv-ros dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da romel sasamarT-loSi SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis (mxedvelobaSia pir-veli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba) gasaCivreba.

_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCiv-ros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac is gamotanilia,xolo, Tu igi pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-baa, misi gasaCivreba unda moxdes im sasamarTloSi, ro-melmac is gamoitana.

muxli 237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-bis vadaa 10 dRe. am vadis gamoTvla iwyebaim dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda dausw-rebeli gadawyvetilebis asli. am vadis gas-vlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaSedis kanonier ZalaSi.

_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis 10dRiani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mxaresCabarda am gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-e muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebiTgaTvaliswinebuli wesiT misi Cabarebis Sesaxeb.

_ gasaCivrebis 10 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi daigi SeiZleba aRsruldes iZulebiTi wesiT.

muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi

1. saCivari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebisgadasinjvisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxebunda Seicavdes:a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac

gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba;b) saCivris Semtani piris dasaxelebas;

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g) garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben,rom sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeb-loba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT;d) saCivris Semtani piris Txovnas, Tu ra

farglebSi unda Seicvalos gadawyvetileba;e) saCivarze TandarTuli masalebis Ca-

monaTvals.2. saCivari, romelsac xels awers mxare

an misi warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos wa-redgineba imdeni aslis odenobiT, ramdenimxarec monawileobs saqmeSi.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs saCivrisSinaarss, moTxovnebs, romlebsac es saCivari unda pa-suxobdes.

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erTa-derT safuZvels warmoadgens im mizezis sapatioba,romelmac ganapiroba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba.cxadia, rom saCivarSi sagangebo yuradReba unda mieq-ces im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebic adasture-ben sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis mizezissapatiobas (magaliTad, ar iyo mowveuli 70-78-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT, adgili hqonda dauZlevel Za-las an sxva stiqiur movlenebs, droulad ar ecnobasaqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb da a. S.).

gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezis damtkicebistvirTi ekisreba momCivans. CaiTvalos Tu ara es mize-zi sapatiod sabolood wyvets sasamarTlo.

_ saCivris Semtanma pirma SeiZleba moiTxovos aramTlianad dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, ga-naxleba, Secvla, aramed mxolod misi nawilobriv gauq-meba an Secvla. amitom, SeiZleba momCivanis gamoucxa-debloba marTlac sapatio mizeziT iyo gamowveuli, mag-ram sasamarTlom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda ga-auqmos da saqme ganixilos mxolod im nawilSi, ra nawil-Siac amas momCivani moiTxovs. ise rogorc Cveulebrivi


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(saboloo) gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis dros, sasamar-Tlo am SemTxvevaSic ver gascdeba saCivris farglebs.

2. Tu saCivari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semo-aqvs ara mxares, aramed mis warmomadgenels (advokats),maSin am saCivars unda erTvodes specialuri ufleba-mosileba (98-e muxlis pirveli nawili).

_ Tu dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCi-vari ar pasuxobs am muxlSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, anar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi im odenobiT, racgaTvaliswinebulia kerZo saCivrisaTvis (39-e muxlis`d~ qvepunqti), sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas momCivansxarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iqnebaSevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivrismiRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo.am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (239-emuxlis me-3 nawili).

_ saCivris asli egzavnebaT mxareebs am saCivris daS-vebisa da gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebas-Tan erTad (ssk 239-e muxlis me-2 nawili)

muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedebasaCivris miRebis Semdeg

1. mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba, sakiTxs saCiv-ris miRebis Sesaxeb wyvets mxareTaTvis Se-utyobineblad.2. saCivris miRebis Taobaze mosamarTles

gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniS-nos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dRe, ris Se-saxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. sasamarTlosaseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana arSeiZleba.3. Tu saCivris miReba sasamarTlos ar

miaCnia dasaSvebad, mas gamoaqvs amis Sesa-xeb ganCineba, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZosaCivris Setana.

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dauswrebel gadawyvetilebebze saCivris miRebissakiTxs marTalia wyvets is mosamarTle, romelmac ga-moitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, magram es imasar niSnavs, rom Tu raime mizezis gamo es mosamarTlever ganixilavs saCivars (xangrZliv mivlinebaSia, ga-daiyvanes sxva sasamarTloSi, imyofeba samkurnalo da-wesebulebaSi da a. S.), am sasamarTlos sxva mosamarT-les ar SeuZlia misi ganxilva.

_ saCivris miReba-armiRebis (dasaSvebobis) sakiTxsmosamarTle wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. esaris mosamarTlis ufleba da ara movaleoba. es imas niS-navs, rom Tu saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia, masSeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da maTi monawileobiT ga-dawyvitos saCivris miRebis sakiTxi.

2. Tu saCivari dasaSvebia da misaRebia, mosamarT-les gamoaqvs ganCineba misi gansaxilvelad miRebisada ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. saCivris ganxil-va SeiZleba moxdes mxareTaTvis aucilebeli Setyobi-nebiT. Setyobineba maT 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili we-siT unda gaegzavnoT. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-tana ar daiSveba.

3. Tu mosamarTles saCivari ar miaCnia dasaSvebadimis gamo, rom gaSvebulia gasaCivrebis vada, ar Seavsoxarvezi, saCivari Semoitana arauflebamosilma pirmada a. S. mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris mi-Rebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo,romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba

1. saCivari ganixileba sasamarTlo sx-domaze. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba arabrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas. Tu saCivrisganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom dauswre-beli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes, sasa-marTlo ganCinebiT auqmebs dauswrebel


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gadawyvetilebas, ris Semdegac iwyeba sar-Celis ganxilva.2. Tu ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawy-

vetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, sasamarT-los gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris daukmayo-fileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyveti-lebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.3. sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris dak-

mayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebe-li gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebisTaobaze dauswrebel gadawyvetilebasTanerTad gasaCivrdeba saapelacio wesiT.4. gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveuli xar-

jebi daekisreba gamoucxadebel mxares imis-gan damoukideblad, gasaCivrebis Sedegadman saqme mTlianad moigo, Tu _ nawilobriv.

1. dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris gansaxil-velad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT daniSnul dRes (239-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gamarTul sxdomaze sasamarTloarkvevs hqonda Tu ara adgili garemoebebs, romleb-mac xeli SeuSales mxaris gamocxadebas sasamarTlo-Si, e. i. gamowveuli iyo Tu ara mxaris gamoucxadeblo-ba sapatio mizeziT (233-e da 241-e muxlebi). esaa am sa-samarTlo sxdomis gadasawyveti mTavari da ZiriTa-di sakiTxi. Tu aseTi garemoebebi dadasturdeba, da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmisganxilva unda ganaxldes (241-e muxli), ris SesaxebacsasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivr-deba. ise rogorc nebismieri sxva ganCineba, es ganCine-bac SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saTaTbiro oTaxSi gaus-vlelad da oqmSi SetaniT (284-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT sa-Civari, romelic miRebulia gansaxilvelad 239-e mux-lis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes mx-areTa (erT-erTis an orives) gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-vevaSic, magram es wesi ver gavrceldeba sarCelis ganx-

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ilvaze, e.i. Tu saCivris ganxilvaze ar gamocxadda erT-erTi an orive mxare, sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sar-Cels: isini xom mowveuli iyvnen saCivris da ara sarCe-lis ganxilvaze. garda amisa, saCivris dakmayofilebisada dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saq-mis ganxilva SeiZleba imave sxdomaze gagrZeldes, Tuam sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxareebi an erT-erTi mxa-re motivirebul uars ar acxadebs amis winaaRmdeg dasasamarTlos azriT Tu arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis yve-la piroba, kerZod, Tu saWiro araa mowmeebis, eqsper-tebis, specialistebis da a. S. mowveva da dakiTxva.

_ Tu saqmis ganxilva amave sxdomaze araa SesaZle-beli, sasamarTlo axlo momavalSi mTavar sxdomas da-niSnavs ris Sesaxebac iqve acnobebs mxareebs da afrT-xilebs maT gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, ra-sac oqmSi xelismoweriT adastureben mxareebi. mxares,an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs (mowmeebs, eqspertebs,specialistebs), romlebic am sxdomas ar eswrebodnen,sasamarTlo atyobinebs axali sxdomis Sesaxeb 70-78-emuxliT dadgenili wesiT. aseTi wesiT saqmis ganxil-vis Semdeg, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyve-tileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis an dakmayofile-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gasaCiv-rdes saapelacio wesiT.

2. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-bis gauqmebis Taobaze Semotanili saCivari araa dasa-buTebuli, e. i. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iyo gamow-veuli sapatio mizeziT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCi-nebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da da-uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.

3. rogorc ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ise axali gadawyvetileba SeiZle-ba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.

4. xarjebi, romlebic mxareebma gaswies dauswrebe-li gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, nawildeba mxareebsSoris 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari),e. i. Cveulebrivi wesiT.


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_ gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveul xarjebSi igulis-xmeba mxolod is xarjebi, rac gamowveulia dauswre-bel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris ganxilviT, am saCivrisganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCi-nebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebiT. am xarje-bis gadaxda daekisreba im mxares, visi gamoucxadeb-lobis gamoc iyo gamotanili gasaCivrebuli dauswre-beli gadawyvetileba. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba araqvs vis sasargeblod damTavrda dauswrebel gadawy-vetilebaze Setanili saCivris ganxilva.

muxli 241. dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis gauqmebissafuZvlebi

dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauq-mdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu ar-sebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-fuZvlebi, an Tu mxaris gamoucxadeblobagamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, rom-lis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis drozeecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs im garemoebaTa wres, ro-melTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi dauswrebeli gadawyve-tileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes.es garemoebebi miTiTebulia 233-e muxlis pirvel na-wilSi (ix. am muxlis komentari), magram am muxlis Camo-naTvali araa amomwuravi. momCivans SeuZlia miuTiTossxva iseT garemoebebze, magaliTad, satransportoSemTxvevaze (avtoavariaze), roca igi midioda sasamar-Tlo sxdomaze da, romlis Sesaxeb mas ar SeeZlo dro-ulad ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.

_ im garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi, romlebzecmiuTiTebs mxare Tavis saCivarSi, rogorc gamoucxadeb-lobis sapatio mizezze ekisreba momCivans. am garemoe-

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baTa Sefaseba im TvalsazrisiT Tu ramdenad sapatioagamoucxadebloba _ sasamarTlos uflebamosilebaa.

muxli 242. ganmeorebiTidauswrebeli gadawyvetileba

1. mxares ara aqvs ufleba, saCivari Seit-anos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-bis moTxovniT, Tu mis mimarT erTxel ukvegamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.2. sasamarTlos ganmeorebiT dauswrebel

gadawyvetilebaze SeiZleba mxolod saa-pelacio saCivris Setana.

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare ar gamocxaddebasasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec pirveli dauswre-beli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg ganixilebasaqme arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganmeorebi-Ti dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. ganmeorebiTi da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba aris gadawyvetileba, ro-melic meoredaa gamotanili erTi da igive piris da-uswreblobis gamo. amitom, dauswrebeli gadawyveti-leba, romelic Tumca meored gamoaqvs sasamarTlos,magram ara im piris mimarT viszec adre iyo gamotanilipirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba -ar iqneba gan-meorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da igi SeiZ-leba gasaCivrdes rogorc pirveli dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetileba.

2. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aRarSeiZleba gasaCivrdes mis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. igiSeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod saapelacio (366-e mux-li) an sakasacio wesiT (392-e muxli).


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T a v i XXVI I

sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba

muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba

1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos dad-genileba, romliTac saqme wydeba arsebi-Tad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetile-bis formiT.2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegi-

ur sasamarTlos, igi dadgenil unda iqnesxmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarT-les ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmismicemisagan. Tavmjdomare xmas aZlevs mosa-marTleebis Semdeg. mosamarTles, romelicar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia weri-lobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuliazri. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,magram sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi argamocxaddeba. mosamarTleebs ufleba araaqvT gaaxmauron TaTbiris dros gamarTu-li msjeloba.

1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ramdenime saxis dadgeni-leba, rogoricaa ganCineba, gadawyvetileba, gadaxdisbrZaneba, brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb.ganCineba _ esaa sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTacsaqme arsebiTad ar wydeba (284-e muxli). gadaxdisbrZaneba _ esaa davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxebsaqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlosdadgenileba, romelic avalebs mowinaaRmdege mxares(movales) gadaixados am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli Tanxa(303-e muxli). brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebisSesaxeb _ esaa saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebulisasamarTlos dadgenileba, lizingis sagnis gamcemis

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mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb(3096-e muxli).

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba _ esaa saqarTvelossaxeliT gamotanili sasamarTlos dadgenileba, rom-liTac saqme arsebiTad wydeba.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs kolegiuri sa-samarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis wess. gan-sxvavebuli azri, romelic aqvs kolegiuri sasamarT-los ama Tu im wevrs, ar gamocxaddeba, magram Tu igiwerilobiT iqneba Camoyalibebuli, daerTvis saqmes.gansxvavebuli azris werilobiT Camoyalibebis mova-leoba ar arsebobs. gansxvavebuli azris qona mosamar-Tlis uflebaa da ara movaleoba. radgan gansxvavebu-li azri daerTvis saqmes, misi gacnobis ufleba aqvTmxareebs, radgan maT ̀ aqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis ma-salebs~ (83-e muxli).

muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic undagadawydes gadawyvetilebisgamotanis dros

gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTloafasebs mtkicebulebebs, gansazRvravs, TusaqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone ro-meli garemoebebia dadgenili da romeli _daudgeneli, romeli kanoni unda iqnes ga-moyenebuli am saqmeze da dakmayofilebulunda iqnes Tu ara sarCeli.

_ jer kidev saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde da gadaw-yvetilebis gamotanamde sasamarTlos ukve aqvs Camo-yalibebuli Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebul mtki-cebulebaTa Sesaxeb, maT Sefasebas sasamarTlo iwyebsjer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da sasamarTlosxdomaze, sadac mxareebi zepirad ayalibeben TavianTmosazrebebs am mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb. miuxedavadamisa, sasamarTlo saTaTbiro oTaxSi kidev erTxel da


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sabolood afasebs mtkicebulebebs jer erTi, maTisarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT da me-ore, ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba maT safuZvelzemtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtobrivi garemoebebisarseboba _ ararsebobis Sesaxeb. swored aq, saTaTbirooTaxSi, gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis win, sasamarT-lom sabolood unda gaarkvios: a) saqmeSi arsebuli ro-meli mtkicebuleba unda CaiTvalos sarwmunod (ut-yuarad) da romeli ara; b) saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-ne romeli garemoeba (romelzec mxareebi amyareben Ta-vianT moTxovnasa da Sesagebels) iTvleba damtkice-bulad da romeli ara; g) romeli garemoebebis Sesaxebar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); d) romeli kano-ni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da dakmayofildes Tu arasarCeli. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba mxo-lod am sakiTxebis gadaWriT (249-e muxli), magram es isfundamenturi sakiTxebia, romelTa gadaWris gareSegadawyvetilebis gamotana SeuZlebelia.

_ amasTan erTad sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetile-biT pasuxi unda gasces sarCelSi wamoyenebul da ganxi-lul yvela moTxovnas. rogorc sasarCelo gancxadebi-dan da sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsidan irkveva _ naTqva-mia sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ mo-sarCele sasamarTloSi ayenebda or moTxovnas. saape-lacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba, magram axa-li gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros ar gadawyvita ori-ve moTxovna, riTac daarRvia ssk-is 244-e muxlis dana-wesi. ̀ saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dros saapelacio pala-tam unda imsjelos kasatoris orive moTxovnaze da ka-nonis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos dayenebuli sakiTxebi~.31

muxli 245. nawilobrivigadawyvetileba

1. Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebuli ram-

31 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #5,2001,gv.565

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denime moTxovnidan, agreTve ramdenime mo-sarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mi-marT wardgenili moTxovnebidan erT-erTigarkveulia da momzadebulia gadawyveti-lebis gamosatanad, sasamarTlos SeuZliamxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos nawilobrivigadawyvetileba am moTxovnis mimarT.2. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, dainte-

resebuli mxaris TxovniT, sasamarTlos Se-uZlia gamoitanos im SemTxvevaSic, rode-sac aRZruli iyo Segebebuli sarCeli, gar-kveulia da gadawyvetilebis gamosatanadmomzadebulia erT-erTi _ sarCeli an Sege-bebuli sarCeli.

1. a) mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianosam sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi daimave mopasuxis mimarT (182-e muxlis pirveli nawi-li).

Tu ramdenime moTxovnidan erT-erTi, an maTi nawi-li ukve garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad, sasamar-Tlos SeuZlia gamoitanos maT mimarT nawilobrivi ga-dawyvetileba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mxare Suamdgomlobsamis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia dainteresebuli mxare daara aucileblad orive mxare erTdroulad.

b) ramdenime mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCelierTi an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT (86-e muxli). Tu amramdenime mosarCelis moTxovnidan erT-erTi mosar-Celis moTxovna garkveulia da mzadaa gadawyvetile-bis gamosatanad _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos na-wilobrivi gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli mxarisSuamdgomlobiT am moTxovnis mimarT.

2. rogorc wesi, ZiriTad da Segebebul sarCelze ga-modis erTiani gadawyvetileba. es Segebebuli sarCe-lis aRZvris erT-erTi mizanicaa (188-e muxlis pirve-li nawili). magram Tu garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawy-vetad erT-erTi maTgani (ZiriTadi an Segebebuli), sa-


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samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba amerT-erTi sarCelis mimarT, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuliunda iyos am nawilobriv gadawyvetilebaSi. yvela Sem-TxvevaSi Segebebuli sarCelis uyuradRebod datove-ba, rogorc amis Sesaxeb miuTiTa sakasacio sasamarT-lom, yovlad dauSvebelia.32

muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri)gadawyvetileba

1. Tu sadavoa sasarCelo moTxovnis ro-gorc faqtobrivi safuZveli, aseve am moT-xovnis moculoba (odenoba), sasamarTlosSeuZlia gamoitanos winaswari gadawyveti-leba sasarCelo moTxovnis faqtobrivi sa-fuZvlis Sesaxeb.2. aseTi winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZ-

leba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT. kanoni-er ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mas eqneba prei-udiciuli Zala sasamarTlos meore gadaw-yvetilebisaTvis, romelic moTxovnis mo-culobas gansazRvravs.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, winaswari (Su-aleduri) ewodeba iseT gadawyvetilebas, romelic ga-modis sarCelis mxolod erT-erTi elementis, kerZod,misi safuZvlis mimarT. sarCelis safuZvelSi Sedianda mas qmnian garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba da rom-lebic faqtobrivad asabuTeben mis meore elements _sarCelis sagans anu sasarCelo moTxovnas.

_ aseTi winaswari gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeiZ-leba gamarTlebuli iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, ro-desac moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZveli dadgeniliada raime eWvs ar iwvevs, xolo TviTon moTxovnis mocu-lobis (odenobis) dadgena Tu gansazRvra dakavSire-

32 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#4, gv.382

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bulia mravalricxovan gaangariSebebTan, moTxovnilisagnebis moculobis, odenobisa da xarisxis gansazRv-rasTan da a. S.

2. winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdesara marto saapelacio wesiT, aramed sakasacio wesiTTu igi gamotanilia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier.aseT winaswar gadawyvetilebas, Tu igi Seva kanonierZalaSi, eqneba preiudiciuli Zala, meore, e. i. moT-xovnis moculobis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetilebisaT-vis. es imas niSnavs, rom winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawy-vetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi aRarsaWiroeben kvlav dadgenas da dadasturebas meore ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic moTxovnis mocu-lobas gansazRvravs.

muxli 247. gadawyvetilebisCamoyalibeba

1. gadawyvetilebas werilobiTi formiTCamoayalibebs mosamarTle.2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegi-

ur sasamarTlos, gadawyvetilebas Camoaya-libebs am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an erT-erTi mosamarTle da xels awers yvela mo-samarTle, romlebic monawileobdnen misdadgenaSi, maT Soris, gansxvavebuli azrismqone mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebaSi Seta-nil Sesworebas SeniSvna unda gaukeTdesmosamarTleTa xelmowerebis win.

1. es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyveti-lebis formas, gadawyvetileba SeiZleba CamoyalibdeswerilobiTi formiT.

2. gadawyvetilebas wers mosamarTle. Tu saqmes ixi-lavs kolegiuri sasamarTlo, maSin gadawyvetileba Se-iZleba daweros erT-erTma mosamarTlem, maT Soris ko-legiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem. rogorc wesi, ga-


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dawyvetilebas wers momxsenebeli mosamarTle. gadaw-yvetilebas xels awers yvela mosamarTle, maT SorismosamarTle, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobiT mi-Rebul am gadawyvetilebas da aqvs Tavisi gansxvavebu-li pozicia.

_ arsebobs gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanisori wesi, erTi _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucileblo-ba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi da meore _ roca Ses-worebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba gadawy-vetilebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg.

_ Tu Sesworebis (SeniSvnis) aucilebloba warmoi-Soba saTaTbiro oTaxSi, maSin TviTon gadawyvetile-baSi SeiZleba gakeTdes es Sesworeba (Casworeba), amas-Tan, Tu sityva an fraza unda gadaiSalos, aseTi gadaS-la ise unda moxdes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos imis amo-kiTxva, Tu ra ewera iq gadaSlamde, xolo mis Tavze un-da moxdes Camateba. gadawyvetilebaSi unda Caiweros:`endeT Casworebuls~ da xeli unda moaweros yvela immosamarTlem, romlebic xels aweren gadawyvetilebas.dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis xelmeored Camoyali-beba Tu Casworebebi bevria.

_ Sesworebebis (gasworebebis) Setana gadawyveti-lebis gamocxadebis Semdeg SeiZleba moxdes 260-e mux-liT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 248. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebebis farglebi

sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnosTavisi gadawyvetilebiT mxares is, rac masar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiT-xovda.

_ es muxli dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTikonkretuli gamovlinebaa. sasamarTlo SeboWilia mo-sarCelis moTxovnis farglebiT, mopasuxis Segebebu-li moTxovnis, agreTve mesame piris sasarCelo moT-

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xovnis farglebiT. moTxovnis (sarCelis sagnis) Secv-lis an misi gadidebis ufleba aqvs mxolod mosarCe-les (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes pa-suxs mosarCelis mier gancxadebul moTxovnaze, daak-mayofilos igi mTlianad an nawilobriv, an kidev uariTqvas mis dakmayofilebaze. e. i. sasamarTlos sruliufleba aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze naklebi,vidre igi moiTxovda, Tu sruli moculobiT gancxade-buli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis safuZveli ver das-turdeba, magram mas ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos mo-sarCeles imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda, saqmis masa-lebiT kidec rom dasturdebodes ufro metis moTxov-nis safuZveli. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auq-mebs gadawyvetilebas, rodesac darRveulia am muxlisdanawesi.33

muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi

1. gadawyvetileba Sedgeba Sesavali, aR-werilobiTi, samotivacio da sarezolu-cio nawilebisagan.2. gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi aRi-

niSneba misi gamotanis dro da adgili,gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos da-saxeleba da Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sxdo-mis mdivani, mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, da-vis sagani.3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi nawi-

li unda Seicavdes miTiTebas mosarCelismoTxovnasa da mopasuxis Sesagebelze.4. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi

unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos mier dadge-nili garemoebani, mtkicebulebani, romleb-sac emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi, mo-

33 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000,#3, gv.113.


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sazrebani, romlebiTac sasamarTlo uar-yofs ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, da kanone-bi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvane-lobda.5. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili

unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas sar-Celis dakmayofilebis an sarCelze mTlia-nad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile-bis Taobaze, agreTve miTiTebas gadawy-vetilebis gasaCivrebis vadasa da wesze.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarT-lo gadawyvetilebis struqturas. gadawyvetilebazustad unda pasuxobdes am struqturas da Camoya-libdes im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorsac es muxli gvTa-vazobs.

2. Tu gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli misi gamo-tanis adgili, maSin iTvleba, rom sasamarTlos misamar-Ti aris misi gamotanis adgili. gadawyvetilebaSi miTi-Tebuli misi gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba undaemTxveodes oqmSi miTiTebul sasamarTlos Semadgen-lobas. Tu ar emTxveva _ es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyve-tilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan gadawyvetilebagamotanilia ara im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebmacganixiles saqme, e. i. sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semad-genlobis mier (394-e muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqti).

_ gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi unda emTxveo-des im dRes, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyveti-leba (sarezolucio Tu motivirebuli). arasworia praq-tika, rodesac motivirebuli gadawyvetileba im Tari-RiT gamoaqvT, rac gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-wils hqonda. sasamarTlos ar ekadreba tyuili, magramamis araviTari aucileblobac araa: kanoni uflebas aZ-levs sasamarTlos gadados motivirebuli gadawyveti-lebis gamotana 14 dRiT (257-e muxli).

3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi mokled

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magram naTlad da gasagebad unda aRiniSnos: a) sasar-Celo moTxovnis Sinaarsi, xolo Tu mosarCelem Secva-la Tavisi moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), unda aRiniSnosraSi gamoixateba es cvlileba; b) garemoebebi, romleb-sac emyareba sarCeli; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsacmiuTiTebs mosarCele am garemoebebis dasadastureb-lad; d) mopasuxis Sesageblis mokle Sinaarsi; e) gare-moebebi, romlebsac emyareba Sesagebeli; v) mtkicebu-lebebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mopasuxe Tavisi Sesa-geblis dasadastureblad. igive unda iTqvas Segebe-buli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis Sinaarsis gad-mocemaze, Tu isini aRZruli iyo.

aqve aRwerilobiT nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyosmxareTa mier warmodgenili da gadawyvetilebisaTvismniSvnelobis mqone romel garemoebebze ar davobenmxareebi da romeli aris sadavo, ris gamoc maT mimarTSegrovda mtkicebulebebi.

4. samotivacio nawili gadawyvetilebis erT-erTiyvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq xdeba gadawyveti-lebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTeba.

gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili mTlianad sa-samarTlos Semoqmedebaa, radgan aq poulobs Taviskonkretul gamoxatulebas misi Sinagani rwmena, ro-melic mas Camouyalibda saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiTda kanoni, romelic misi azriT unda iqnes gamoyenebu-li am konkretuli davis gadawyvetisaTvis.

samotivacio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) faq-tebi, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar da-voben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); b) faqtebi, romle-bic dadgenilad cno sasamarTlom mtkicebulebe-bis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris mxareTa aRiarebiT; g) mtki-cebulebebi, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlo da ammtkicebulebaTa mokle analizi.

_ mas Semdeg, rac zedmiwevniT naTlad, gasagebadda amomwuravad iqneba miTiTebuli faqtobriv gare-moebebze, romlebic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgeni-lad, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos im materialur sa-


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marTlebriv normaze (normebze), romlis mixedviTacSeafasa man dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi, agreT-ve daasabuTos am normis gamoyenebis mizanSewoni-loba. miTiTebuli unda iyos normis (kanonis) nawili,punqti, qvepunqti da a. S.

sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawy-vetilebas, Tu samotivacio nawilSi araa miTiTebulimtkicebulebebze, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlosdaskvnebi da kanonebze, romelTa safuZvelze moaxdi-na sasamarTlom dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebisiuridiuli Sefaseba.34

5. sarezolucio nawili unda Camoyalibdes impera-tiuli formiT, rom ar warmoiSvas araviTari eWvebi. saq-me isaa, rom sarezolucio nawili mTlianad gadadis sa-aRsrulebo furcelSi. amitom, aq zedmiwevniT gasage-bad unda iyos miTiTebuli, dakmayofilda sarCelimTlianad Tu nawilobriv, Tu nawilobriv _ romel na-wilSi dakmayofilda da sarCelis romel nawilSi uarieTqva mosarCeles, konkretulad ra moqmedeba undaSeasrulos mopasuxem (gadasces mosarCeles nivTi,fuli da a.S. ix. 261-e muxli). sarezolucio nawilSi sru-lad unda iyos miTiTebuli mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mi-samarTi, iuridiuli piris saxelwodeba da misamarTi(ise, rogorc mis wesdebaSia).

_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tavisebure-ba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos 254-258-e muxlebiT dad-genili wesebis gamoyenebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

_ sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs gadawyvetile-bis sarezolucio nawilSi sasamarTlo xarjebis mxare-Ta Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi. aq aucileblad unda iyosmiTiTebuli, romeli mxarisagan da ra odenobiT undaiqnes gadaxdevinebuli es xarjebi, agreTve romeli mxa-rea ganTavisuflebuli am xarjebisagan.

_ bolos, sarezolucio nawilSi aucileblad undamieTiTos Tu ra wesiT SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis ga-

34 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.663, #10, 2002, gv.1874.

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saCivreba, kerZod, a) romel sasamarTloSi (saapelacio,sakasacio) SeiZleba misi gasaCivreba; b) ra vadaSi; g) ro-mel sasamarTloSi unda iqnes Setanili saCivari.35

muxli 250. gadawyvetilebissarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba

Tu mxareebi moiTxoven gadawyvetilebas da-sabuTebis gareSe im motiviT, rom eTanxmebianam gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasa-Civrebaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Semoifarg-los gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilisCamoyalibebiT. mosamarTle ekiTxeba mxareebs,surT Tu ara dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileb-is miReba da asaCivreben Tu ara mocemulgadawyvetilebas. Tu mxareebi uars ambobenmis gasaCivrebaze, maT aseTi gancxadeba undadaadasturon TavianTi xelmowerebiT.

_ motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamar-Tlos movaleobaa.

mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos Se-moifarglos gadawyvetilebis mxolod sarezolucionawilis CamoyalibebiT: Tu mxareebi eTanxmebian gadaw-yvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze.

_ mxareTa aseTi gancxadeba unda aisaxos oqmSi dadadasturdes maTive xelmoweriT. mxareebs SeuZliaTerToblivi gancxadebiTac mimarTon amis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos, romelic daerTvis oqms.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs arasarezolucio, aramed motivirebuli gadawyvetileba,maSin erTaderTi, razedac mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanx-mdnen esaa am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze uarisTqma (370-e muxli).35 dawvrilebiT gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio dasarezolucio nawilebis agebis Sesaxeb ix.h.boelingi,l.Wanturia„samoqalaqo saqmeebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebismeTodika“. g-ba „jisiai“, Tb. 2003


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muxli 251. gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis wesisa da vadisgansazRvra. aRsrulebisuzrunvelyofa

Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetileb-is aRsrulebis gansazRvrul wessa da va-das, an miiRebs zomebs gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad, amis Sesax-eb miTiTebuli unda iqnes gadawyvetile-baSi.

_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili nebismiersaqmeze gamotanil yvela gadawyvetilebaSi daaxloe-biT erTnairad unda Camoyalibdes, magram zogjer Se-iZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiT iseT garemoebaze mi-TiTeba, rac Cveulebriv ar aisaxeba sxva gadawyvetile-baSi. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawil-Si SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rommosarCeles ufleba aqvs Seasrulos moqmedeba mopasu-xisagan aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaurebiT (254-e mux-li), an kidev, bankSi mopasuxis romeli angariSidan Ca-moiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa (252-e muxli), an uz-runvelyofis romeli RonisZieba iqnes gamoyenebuli amgadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad (271-e muxli) da a. S. cxadia, rom es sakiTxebi SeiZleba ganCi-nebiTac mowesrigdes, Tu maTi ganxilva da gadawyvetamoxda gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.

muxli 252. gadawyvetilebaiuridiuli pirisagan fuladiTanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb

iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis ga-daxdevinebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamo-tanisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Su-amdgomlobiT sarezolucio nawilSi miu-

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TiTos gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze, agreT-ve imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tan-xidan unda Camoiweros dakisrebuli Tanxa.

_ gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze da imaze, Tu bankSimopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros masze da-kisrebuli Tanxa, dasaSvebia mxolod mxareTa Suamd-gomlobiT. sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT am sakiTxsar wyvets.

aRsrulebis aseTi wesi uwinares yovlisa mimarTu-lia movalis interesebis dacvisaken. magram Tu aRs-ruleba am wesiT ver xerxdeba, maSin aseTi miTiTebasrulebiT ar zRudavs aRmasrulebels. mopasuxe pa-suxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT da sarezolucio na-wilis aseTi miTiTebis miuxedavad aRmasrulebels Se-uZlia mopasuxis sxva qonebidanac moaxdinos aRsru-leba, Tu es ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver xerxdeba sare-zolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli wesis dacviT.

muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebismikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb

qonebis naturiT mikuTvnebis dros sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTebs am qo-nebis Rirebulebaze, romelic unda gadax-des mopasuxes, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsru-lebisas aRniSnuli qoneba mas ar aRmoaCn-deba.

_ am muxliT dadgenili wesi, warmoadgens gadawyve-tilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT garantias. igiaTavisuflebs mosarCeles kvlav aRZras sarCeli qo-nebis (nivTis) Rirebulebis anazRaurebis SesaxebiseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebiT mikuT-vnebuli qoneba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas araRmoaCndeba movales (mopasuxes).


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_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvra unda moxdes Sem-degnairad: Tu mikuTvnebuli qoneba individualuradgansazRvruli nivTebisagan Sedgeba, maSin sasamarT-lom unda gansazRvros TiToeuli nivTi cal-calke damaTi saerTo Rirebuleba erTobliobaSi. xolo Tu mi-kuTvnebuli nivTebi xasiaTdebian gvareobiTi niSne-biT, maSin sasamarTlo gansazRvravs maT saerTo Rire-bulebas.

_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlosSeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).

muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelicmopasuxes avalebs gansazRvrulimoqmedebis Sesrulebas

1. iseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, ro-melic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moq-medebis Sesrulebas, rac dakavSirebuli araris qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadace-masTan, sasamarTlos imave gadawyvetileba-Si SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom, Tu mopasuxegadawyvetilebas ar Seasrulebs dadgenilvadaSi, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs es moqme-deba Seasrulos mopasuxisagan aucilebelixarjebis anazRaurebiT.2. Tu aRniSnuli moqmedeba SeiZleba Se-

asrulos mxolod mopasuxem, sasamarTlogadawyvetilebaSi daadgens vadas, romlisganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba unda aRs-ruldes.

1. am muxls ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi mopasuxis iseTimoqmedeba, romelic dakavSirebulia mosarCelisaTvisfuladi Tanxis, an raime qonebis gadacemasTan. Tu mo-pasuxe ar gadauxdis mosarCeles gadawyvetilebiT gan-sazRvrul Tanxas, an ar gadascems qonebas, maSin amas

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gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis wesiT gaake-Tebs aRmasrulebeli.

_ am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTimoqmedeba, romelsac Tu mopasuxe ar Seasrulebs SeuZ-lia Seasrulos mosarCelem. magaliTad, sasamarTlomdaakmayofila sarCeli sacxovrebeli farTis gamoyofisSesaxeb, rac dakavSirebulia garkveuli sarekonstruq-cio samuSaobis CatarebasTan, vTqvaT tixrebis amoSe-nebasTan. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetilebaSi mi-uTiTos, rom Tu mopasuxe garkveul vadaSi ar Seasru-lebs am samuSaos, igi SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem,magram xarjebi, rac mosarCelem gaiRo am samuSaos Ses-rulebisaTvis, unda aanazRauros mopasuxem.

2. aris iseTi moqmedeba, romlis Sesruleba damoki-debulia mxolod da mxolod mopasuxis (movalis) neba-ze da amitom, mas sxva ver Seasrulebs. magaliTad, pa-tivisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi cnobebis uaryofa, bavS-vis gadacema aRsazrdelad da sxva. Tu mopasuxe gadaw-yvetilebiT daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am moqme-debas, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes RonisZiebebi,romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ̀ saaRsrulebo warmoe-baTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 87-e muxliT (fuladi jarima, sis-xlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba). am RonisZiebaTa ga-moyenebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs miTiTe-buli 87-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 255. gadawyvetilebasaxelmwifo organoebis,adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebis, sazogadoebriviorganizaciebisa da Tanamdebobispirebis moqmedebebisa dagadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebisSesaxeb

1. saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTve-lobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi orga-


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nizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moq-medebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakano-nierad cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelis dakmayo-filebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aseT moq-medebas an gadawyvetilebas aRiarebs ara-kanonierad, avalebs Sesabamis organosa TuTanamdebobis pirs daakmayofilos moqala-qis moTxovna, auqmebs mis mimarT gamoyene-buli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebas an sxvagziT aRadgens mis darRveul Tu sadavouflebasa da Tavisuflebas.2. normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRi-

arebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis sarezolu-cio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, romes aqti baTilad iTvleba misi miRebis mo-mentidan.3. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba norma-

tiuli aqtis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb undagamoqveyndes masobrivi informaciis im sa-SualebiT, romelSic es normatiuli aqtiiyo gamoqveynebuli.

1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi igulisxmeba sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saxel-mwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sa-zogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da am organoebis Tanam-debobis pirebis mimarT: a) maTi moqmedebis arakanoni-erebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb da b) maT mier mi-Rebuli gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad (baTilad)cnobis Sesaxeb.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs am kategoriis saqmeebzegamotanil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Sinaarss.garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes ne-bismier saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, am saqme-ebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi miTiTebuli undaiyos: a) am muxlSi aRniSnuli organoebisa da Tanamde-bobis pirebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa an moq-

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medebaTa arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesa-xeb; b) davaleba am organoebisadmi da Tanamdebobis pi-risadmi daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna; g) mosar-Celis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis Ronis-Ziebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

2. gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos nor-matiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebiT, sarezolu-cio nawilSi unda mieTiTos am aqtis baTilad cnobisSesaxebac.

3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moT-xovnas gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mxed-velobaSia ara mTeli gadawyvetileba, aramed mxolodmisi sarezolucio nawili. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebas Sei-cavs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeq-sis 32-e muxlis me-6 nawili. romlis Tanaxmad ̀ sasamar-Tlo gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda ga-moqveyndes imave wesiT, ra wesiTac iyo gamoqveynebu-li normatiuli aqti~.36

muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenimemosarCelis sasargeblod anramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg

1. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ram-denime mosarCelis sasargeblod, sasamarT-lom unda miuTiTos, Tu ra wili ekuTvnisTiToeul maTgans, an aRniSnos, rom gadax-devinebis ufleba solidarulia.2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ram-

denime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlomunda miuTiTos, Tu TiToeulma mopasuxemgadawyvetilebis ra wili unda Seasrulos,an aRniSnos, rom maTi pasuxismgebloba so-lidarulia.

36 ix. m.vaCaZe, i.Todria, m.turava, n.wkeplaZe. saqarTvelosadministraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv.188


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Tanamonawileobis dros (86-e muxli) sarCeli SeiZ-leba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelismier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTx-vevaSi gveqneba mosarCeleebisa da mopasuxeebis sim-ravle.

1. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Ta-visi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi Tu ra wi-li ekuTvnis TiToeul mosarCeles, roca gadawyve-tileba maT sasargeblodaa gamotanili, aseTi movale-obisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca mosarCele-ebi solidaruli kreditorebi arian, rogorc amas sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 455-262-e muxlebi iTvaliswinebs.aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uTiTebs Tavisi gadawy-vetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom gadaxdevinebasolidarulia.

2. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTosTavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, romTiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra nawili un-da Seasrulos. aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Ta-visufldeba, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia (sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 463-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac miTi-Tebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-wilSi.

muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotana

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Semdeg cxad-deba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-ili. saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidangamomdinare gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebaSeiZleba gadaidos sxva droisaTvis. das-abuTebuli gadawyvetileba gamocxaddeba,Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad miiC-nevs. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romel-mac gamoacxada gadawyvetileba, ganmartavs

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am gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivre-bis wessa da vadas.2. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-

lis gamocxadebidan 14 dRis vadaSi sasa-marTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul gadaw-yvetilebas mxareTaTvis gadasacemad.3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gansazRvruli

vada sakasacio sasamarTlosTvis SeadgenserT Tves.

1. 257-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praq-tikul sakiTxs awesrigebs:

pirveli - esaa gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-ilis gamocxadeba. sarezolucio nawili unda gamocx-addes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis damTavrebis Semdeg,magram saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan gamom-dinare gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-adebac SeiZleba gadaidos. sasamarTlom aucilebladunda gaakeTos gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom saqmis ganx-ilva damTavrda da gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-ili gamocxadebuli iqneba garkveul dResa da saaTze.gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils xels unda awer-des mosamarTle an mosamarTleebi, romlebmac igi mi-iRes. es sarezolucio nawili Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu masxels ar awers mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi) aseTi sar-ezolucio nawili ar iTvleba gamotanilad da gamocx-adebulad. es miT umetes aucilebelia iseT pirobeb-Si, rodesac mxareebi saerTod ar moiTxoven dasabuTe-buli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (ix. 250-e muxlis ko-mentari).

meore - dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxade-ba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. Tu das-dabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba mizanSe-wonilad miaCnia sasamarTlos, maSin man unda ganu-martos mxareebs misi Sinaarsi, gasaCivrebis wesi davada.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs pirveli da


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saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier dasabuTebuli gada-wyvetilebis Camoyalibebis vadas. es vada damokide-bulia gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-adebaze da Seadgens 14 dRes misi gamocxadebidan.

sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis gadadebis va-das es muxli ar gansazRvravs. sasamarTlo yovelnair-ad unda Seecados ar gadados misi gamocxadeba, magram,Tu mainc gadadebs es unda moxdes rac SeiZleba moklevadiT (vTqvaT, araumetes 3 dRiT).

dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ar gamocx-addes (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili), magram misi asle-bi aucileblad unda gadaeces mxareebs.

- damoukideblad imisa, Tu ras acxadebs sasamarT-lo - gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tu das-abuTebul (motivirebul) gadawyvetilebas, isiniCamoyalibebuli unda iyos werilobiTi formiT daxels awerdes mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi). gadaw-yvetilebis gamocxadebas unda eswrebodes saqmis gan-mxilveli yvela mosamarTle.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada undaCamoyalibdes TviTon motivirebul gadawyvetilebaSi.magram, Tu gamocxadda mxolod sarezolucio nawilimasSi miTiTebuli unda iyos da mxareebs unda ganemar-tos, rom gasaCivrebis vada daiwyeba dasabuTebuli (mo-tivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis, gadagzavnisTu gamocxadebis momentidan (369-e da 397-e muxlebi).

3. dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebisgamotanis vada sakasacio sasamarTloSi Seadgens erTTves sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis sar-ezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.

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muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebisgagzavna mxareebisaTvis

mxareebs, TavianTi gancxadebis safuZvelze,gadaecemaT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisaslebi ara ugvianes 3 dRisa gancxadebisSemotanidan. gadawyvetilebis aslebs xelsawers sasamarTlos kancelariis mdivani dausvams sasamarTlos beWeds.

_ am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs mxareebi, romlebiceswrebodnen sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamocxade-bas. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia aramarto motivi-rebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed gadawyvetilebis sa-rezolucio nawilic (257-e muxli).

_ rac Seexeba mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebodnenmotivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas, ase-Ti motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli aslimaT egzavnebaT sasamarTlos iniciativiT. saqme isaa,rom gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi saape-lacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlisSemdeg. es vada ki iwyeba im dRidan, roca igi gadaecemamxares (igulisxmeba gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone mxa-re garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca gadawyvetilebisgamocxadebas eswreboda saCivris Setanis uflebismqone piri (369-e da 397-e muxlebi). gadawyvetilebisgadacemis momentad ki iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis as-lis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, anmisi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna 70-78-e muxlebiT dadge-nili wesiT.


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muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSiusworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuliSecdomebis gasworeba

1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniTan Tavisi iniciativiT gaasworos gadawyve-tilebaSi daSvebuli usworobani an aSkaraariTmetikuli Secdomebi. Tu sasamarTlosmizanSewonilad miaCnia, SesworebaTa Se-tanis sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamar-Tlo sxdomaze. mxareebs ecnobebaT sxdo-mis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxa-debloba ar warmoadgens dabrkolebas ga-dawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis sakiT-xis ganxilvisaTvis.2. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZlebakerZo saCivris Setana.

1. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis wesi mas Sem-deg, rac igi gamocxadda an gadaeca mxareebs, gansxvav-deba im wesisagan, rasac iTvaliswinebs 247-e muxli jerkidev gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebamde masSi Seswore-bis SetanisaTvis (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg masSi Ses-worebis Setana SeiZleba aramarto sasamarTlos ini-ciativiT, aramed mxareTa da, agreTve, aRmasruleblisiniciativiTac.

_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebaSi iseTi SesworebisSetana, romelic arsebiTad cvlis gadawyvetilebas,mis azrsa da Sinaarss. dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi Seswo-rebebisa da dazustebebis Setana, rogoricaa magali-Tad, mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli, Tu mxare iu-ridiuli piria _ misi saxelwodebis aRniSvna ise, ro-gorc es am iuridiuli piris wesdebaSia da a. S. agreTveariTmetikul Secdomebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia gada-saxdevinebeli Tanxis odenobis aSkarad Semcireba an

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gadideba, magaliTad, aklia cifri ̀ 0~ an sxva nebismie-ri cifri, rac ise cvlis Tanxis odenobas, rom saqmismasalebidan gamomdinare, aSkarad ar Seesabameba moT-xovnis odenobas, ris Sesaxebac iyo msjeloba sasamar-Tlos sxdomaze.

_ gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis raimevadebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa. es imas niSnavs, rom sa-samarTlos es SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetilebis aRs-rulebis damTvarebamde. rac Seexeba aRiarebiT sarCe-lebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebs, romelTa iZule-biTi aRsruleba ar xdeba maTSi Sesworebebis Setanaaraa Semofargluli raime vadiT.

muxli 261. damatebiTigadawyvetileba

1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarT-los SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxare-Ta TxovniT gamoitanos damatebiTi gadaw-yvetileba, Tu:a) im moTxovnis gamo, romlis Sesaxebac

mxareebma waradgines mtkicebulebani damisces axsna-ganmartebani, gadawyvetilebaar gamotanila;b) sasamarTlos, romelmac gadawyvita uf-

lebis sakiTxi, ar miuTiTebia gadasaxdeliTanxis odenoba, gadasacemi qoneba an moq-medeba, romelic mopasuxem unda Seasru-los;g) sasamarTlos ar gadauwyvetia sasamar-

Tlo xarjebis sakiTxi.2. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamota-

nis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas gadawyveti-lebis gamocxadebidan 7 dRis ganmavloba-Si. am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.3. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba sasamarT-

los gamoaqvs sasamarTlo sxdomaze, rom-


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lis Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs, magrammaTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebsaseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas.4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba

gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.5. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamota-

naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs damate-biTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs, romelTagaTvaliswineba savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis.

a. pirveli pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyve-tileba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamota-nili, Tu am saqmeze gamotanili ZiriTadi gadawyveti-leba ar Seicavs pasuxs mxaris iseTi moTxovnis mimarT,romelic marTalia iyo ganxilvis sagani, warmodgeni-li iyo mtkicebulebebi am moTxovnis faqtobrivi da-sabuTebisaTvis, e. i. moxda misi ganxilva am kodeqsiTdadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos ratomRac ga-morCa mxedvelobidan mieRo gadawyvetileba am konk-retuli moTxovnis mimarT. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ga-moitana gadawyvetileba mopasuxeze valis gadaxdevi-nebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, magram ar miiRo gadawyveti-leba procentebis Sesaxeb, romlis Taobaze mosarCe-lem waradgina mtkicebulebebi, moismina mxareTa axs-na-ganmartebebi da a. S. an kidev, mosarCelem moiTxovamopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba da masze binis qiris ga-daxdevinebis dakisreba. sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawy-vetilebiT daadgina mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba,magram araferi Tqva (gamorCa) masze binis qiris gadax-devinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaze.

b) meore pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyveti-leba SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes im SemTxvevaSiac, ro-desac sasamarTlom marTalia daadgina rom dakmayo-fildes sasarCelo moTxovna, magram ar miuTiTa arc am

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moTxovnis odenoba da arc misi saxeoba. magaliTad, da-adgina gadauxados mopasuxem Tanxa, an gadasces niv-Ti, magram ar miuTiTa ra odenobis Tanxa gadaixados anra saxis qoneba gadasces. an kidev, sasamarTlom daad-gina, rom mopasuxem Seasrulos mosarCelis sasargeb-lod moqmedeba, magram ar miuTiTa Tu konkretuladromeli moqmedeba (amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kede-li, amoqolos fanjara da a. S.).

g) 249-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis sarezo-lucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas sasamarTloxarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. Tu mosamarTles gamor-Ca es da gadawyvetileba Seicavs xarvezs am Tvalsaz-risiT, maSin igi SeiZleba Seivsos damatebiTi gadawy-vetilebiT.

_ praqtikaSi ufro gavrcelebulia iseTi SemTxveve-bi, rodesac aRZruli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, sasamar-Tlom ganixila yvela es moTxovna, magram erT-erTi moT-xovnis mimarT gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli.

_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis aucileb-loba SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc ZiriTadi moTxov-nis, ise Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCe-lis mimarTac.

2. am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas Zi-riTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7-dRis gan-mavlobaSi. am muxlis danawesi ise unda gavigoT, romZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnenmxareebi. magram, Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas areswrebodnen mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare, maSin 7-dRi-ani vada unda daiwyos im dRidan, rodesac mxares Ca-barda motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. ufro zustadrom vTqvaT 7-dRiani vadis dena unda daiwyos im dRi-dan, saidanac iwyeba gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sa-kasacio) wesiT gasaCivrebis vada.

am vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar daiSve-ba. Tu es vada gaSvebuli iqna da damatebiTi gadawyve-tilebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba daikarga, maSin mxa-


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res SeuZlia gaasaCivros ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, mo-iTxovos misi gauqmeba da saqmis xelmeored ganxilvaim motiviT, romlebic miTiTebulia 261-e muxlis pir-veli nawilis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi, xolo sasamarT-lo xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi TviTon zemdgom sa-samarTlosac SeuZlia ise, rom ar gaauqmos gadawyve-tileba.

3. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxssasamarTlo wyvets saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesisdacviT, kerZod igi niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac at-yobinebs mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daab-rkolebs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, vergaxdeba dauswrebeli damatebiTi gadawyvetilebisgamotanis safuZveli, rasac ssk saerTod ar iTval-iswinebs.

_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb sakiTxisdasma da ganxilva ver SeaCerebs ZiriTadi gadawyveti-lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da misi vadis denis Se-Cerebas.

4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier Zala-Si im wesiT da im vadebSi, rogorc ZiriTadi gadawyve-tileba (264-e muxli) da misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba ima-ve wesiT, ra wesiTac ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (369-emuxli).

_ Tu jer kidev araa ganxiluli saCivari ZiriTadgadawyvetilebaze da mxare asaCivrebs damatebiT ga-dawyvetilebas, maSin es meore saCivari egzavneba zem-dgom sasamarTlos maTi erTad ganxilvisaTvis. Tu mxa-re ar asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas igi Sediskanonier ZalaSi. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba aris Zi-riTadi gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili, magram, Tuigi ar gasaCivrebula, iTvleba, rom am nawilSi ZiriTa-di gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrebula da igi Sedis ka-nonier ZalaSi.

5. Tu sasamarTlos azriT ar arsebobs damatebiTigadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi, mas gamoaqvs gan-Cineba damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris

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Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-tana (414-420-e muxlebi).

muxli 262. gadawyvetilebisganmarteba

1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarT-los ufleba aqvs mxareTa an sasamarTloaRmasruleblis gancxadebiT, gadawyvetileb-is aRsrulebis xelSewyobis mizniT ganmar-tos gadawyvetileba sarezolucio nawi-lis Seucvlelad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,Tu gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-lis Sinaarsi bundovania. gancxadebis Set-ana gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis SesaxebdasaSvebia, Tu gadawyvetileba jer ar arisaRsrulebuli da Tu ar gasula vada, rom-lis ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba SeiZlebaaRsruldes. sasamarTlo uflebamosiliagandawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxi gada-wyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sxdomisCatarebis SemTxvevaSi mxareebs egzavnebaSetyobineba, magram maTi gamoucxadeblo-ba ver daabrkolebs gadawyvetilebis gan-martebis sakiTxis ganxilvas.2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb

sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZosaCivris Setana.

1. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba mTlia-nad an nawilobriv ar iyos Camoyalibebuli naTlad dagarkveviT, Seicavdes urTierTgamomricxav an Seusa-bamo debulebebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia misi gan-marteba imis aucilebeli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ganmar-tebis saxiT ar moxdes gadawyvetilebis ufro zustadki misi sarezolucio nawilis ZiriTadi azrisa da Si-naarsis Secvala.


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- am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs gadaw-yvetilebis ganmartebis winapirobas. aseTi winapirobaagadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis bundovne-ba.

_ gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba rom ganxorcieldes,aucilebelia agreTve Semdegi pirobebis arseboba: 1)mxaris an sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis gancxadeba; 2) ga-dawyvetileba ar aRsrulebula, an jer kidev ar gasu-la misi aRsrulebis dro, anu jer kidev ar gasula aTiweli misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (samoq. kodeqsis142-e muxli).

_ es aris dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba mox-des aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ganmar-teba. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom ar SeiZ-leba aRiarebiT sarCelze (ssk 180-e muxli) gamotani-li ara aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis an winaswar (Su-aledur) gadawyvetilebaze ganmarteba. nebismieri ga-dawyvetileba, Tu igi moiTxovs ganmartebas, SeiZlebaganmartos sasamarTlom.

_ gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesa-xeb, SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos nebismier drosmotivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis aRs-rulebamde.

_ dauSvebelia im gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba, ro-melic aRsrulebulia.

_ ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb eg-zavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos Tu iq ganixileba saCiva-ri im gadawyvetilebaze, romlis ganmartebasac exebaes ganCineba.

_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebas axdens is sasamarT-lo (mosamarTle), romelmac igi gamoitana. Tu is sasa-marTlo Semadgenloba an mosamarTle ar aris, maSin gan-martebas gaakeTebs am sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlo-ba an mosamarTle.

_ ganCineba ganmartebis Sesaxeb aris gadawyvetile-bis organuli nawili da Caekereba saqmeSi.

_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb mxaris gan-

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cxadebis miReba an misi ganxilva ver SeaCerebs gadawy-vetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas.

_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis saxiTaxali gadawyvetilebis miReba an adre miRebuli gadaw-yvetilebis Secvla.

_ ganmartebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvasaramarto gadawyvetilebebis, aramed ganCinebebis mi-marTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganmar-tos ganCineba am muxlis analogiiT (kanonis analogia).

2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb ganCineba-ze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, xolo gadawyveti-lebis ganmartebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb miRebul gan-Cinebaze kerZo saCivari ar Seitaneba.

muxli 263. gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis gadadeba anganawilvadeba, aRsrulebissaSualebisa da wesis Secvla

1. sasamarTlos, romelmac gamoitanasaqmeze gadawyvetileba, ufleba aqvs, mx-areTa TxovniT, maTi qonebrivi mdgomareo-bisa da sxva garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,erTjeradad, 3 Tvemde vadiT gadados anerT wlamde vadiT gaanawilvados gadaw-yvetilebis aRsruleba, agreTve Secvalosmisi aRsrulebis saSualeba da wesi.2. mxareTa gancxadeba ganixileba sasa-

marTlo sxdomaze, romlis droisa da ad-gilis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, magrammaTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebssasamarTlos winaSe dasmuli sakiTxis ga-dawyvetas.3. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadade-

bis an ganawilvadebis Sesaxeb, agreTve ga-dawyvetilebis aRsrulebis saSualebis an


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wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCi-nebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs gadawy-vetilebis aRsrulebis wesis Secvlis sam SesaZlebelvariants: 1) aRsrulebis gadadebas; 2) aRsrulebis ga-nawilvadebas; 3) aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesisSecvlas.

_ aRsrulebis gadadeba niSnavs aRsrulebis sxvadroisaTvis, anu ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, vidreamas moiTxovs aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetileba an ka-noni.es SesaZlebelia erTjeradad da sam Tvemde va-diT.

_ aRsrulebis ganawilvadeba niSnavs sasamarTlogadawyvetilebis etapobrivad aRsrulebis dadgenas.ganawilvadebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gansazRvravszust kalendarul dros, romelSic unda moxdes aRs-ruleba da ra moculobiT. magaliTad, 2003 wlis 10 ap-rilidan 10 ivnisamde _ 1000 lari; 10 ivnisidan 1 agvis-tomde 2000 lari da a. S. ganawilvadeba dasaSvebia erTwlamde vadiT.

_ ganawilvadeba ar SeiZleba moxdes im SemTxvevaSi,roca nivTi, romelic mopasuxem unda gadasces mosar-Celes _ ganuyofadia.

_ aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla niS-navs aRsrulebis erTi saxis meore saxiT Secvlas. maga-liTad, amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli da a. S. sa-samarTlos SeuZlia ufleba misces mosarCeles Tvi-Tonve Seasrulos es moqmedeba mopasuxis nacvlad damis xarjze (254-e muxli), Tu sasamarTlo daadgens ga-dawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Ses-vlamde aRsrulebas _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Sec-vla; Tu auqcionis nacvlad sasamarTlo daadgens sxvagziT qonebis realizacias _ es iqneba aRsrulebis we-sis Secvla da a. S.

_ ̀ saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTveloskanonis 33-e muxli iTvaliswinebs saaRsrulebo moq-

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medebis SeCerebas, rac aRsrulebis gadadebis nair-saxeobaa da niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu,ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, rac sasamarTlos ganCi-nebiT unda ganxorcieldes.

2. aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba,an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla SeiZlebaganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT. ami-tom, mxareTa gancxadeba, maT Soris gancxadeba, rome-lic Setanilia aRmasrulebelTan, unda gadaeces am ga-dawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da ganixilos manam muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.

_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aRsrulebis gadade-ba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba an aRsrulebis saSualebi-sa da wesis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs amisaTvisgonivruli safuZveli, rogoricaa, magaliTad, movalisan misi ojaxis wevris avadmyofoba, roca sakiTxi exebabinidan gamosaxlebas, stiqiuri movlenebi, sxva adgil-ze sacxovreblad gadasvla, qonebrivi mdgomareobismoulodneli gauareseba da a. S.

3. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod iseT gan-Cinebaze, romliTac dakmayofilda mxaris Suamdgom-loba (gancxadeba) gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gada-debis, ganawilvadebis Tu misi saSualebisa da wesis Sec-vlis Sesaxeb.


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T a v i XXVI I I

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala.gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba

muxli 264. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSiSesvla

1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi:a) gamocxadebisTanave, Tu dauSvebelia

saapelaco wesiT gasaCivreba;b) saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis

gasvlis Semdeg, rodesac dasaSvebia gadaw-yvetilebis saapelacio gasaCivreba, Tu igiar iyo am wesiT gasaCivrebuli;g) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, romelmacgasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ucvleladdatova.d) Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Sem-

deg mxareebi werilobiTi formiT ganacxa-deben uars mis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivre-baze.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-

leba (ganCineba), Tu igi ar gasaCivrebula,kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi sakasacio wesiTgasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, xoloTu iyo gasaCivrebuli - sakasacio wesiTsaqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tuki saapelaciosasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) argauqmebula. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi aseveSedis, Tu gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)

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gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTiformiT ganacxadeben uars mis sakasaciowesiT gasaCivrebaze.3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-

ba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi Sedis dau-yovnebliv, misi gamocxadebisTanave.

es muxli gansazRvravs pirveli, saapelacio da sa-kasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetileba-Ta kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis pirobebsa da wess.

1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTloTa gadawyvetile-bebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:

a) rodesac mxareebma anu gasaCivrebaze uflebam-osilma yvela pirma uari Tqves kanoniT dadgenili wes-iT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (250-e da 370-e mux-lebi).

b) Tu dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wes-iT gasaCivreba, magram igi ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kano-niT dadgenil 14 dRian vadaSi (369-e muxli).

aseT SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSiSedis am 14 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am vadis aRd-gena (gagrZeleba) dauSvebelia, xolo vadis darRveviTsaCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanon-ier ZalaSi Sesvlas.

g) Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixi-la saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadaw-yvetileba, maSin igi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis mas Sem-deg, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebagadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb Sevakanonier ZalaSi (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).

d) Tu mxareebma ganacxades uari gadawyvetilebisgasaCivrebaze. aseTi uari gancxadebuli unda iqneswerilobiTi formiT (370-e muxli), magram Tu aseTigancxadeba mxareebma gaakeTes sasamarTlo sxdomaze,maSin igi unda aisaxos oqmSi da dadasturdes mxareTaxelmoweriT (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari).

cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba,


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romlis gasaCivrebaze mxareebma uari Tqves an, romlisgasaCivrebis vada ukve gavida, mainc gaasaCivron maT.saapelacio sasamarTlom aseTi saCivari ganuxilveladunda datovos misi dauSveblobis gamo, xolo saCivrisSetana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSiSesvlas.

2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCin-weba), kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:

a) rodesac mxareebma kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 370-e muxli) uari ganacxades saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebis (ganCinebis) sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.

b) rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-ba (ganCineba) ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenilerTTvian vadaSi (ix. 397-e muxlis komentari).

g) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganix-ila sakasacio saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetileba.

d) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-Cineba ̀ sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb“ (401-e muxlis pirveli nawili);

e) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-Cineba sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebisSesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (403-e muxli).

3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da gan-Cinebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedian dauyovnebliv, maTigamocxadebisTanave.

muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuligadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebisgauqmeba an Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod imSemTxvevaSi da im wesiT, rac dadgenilia amkodeqsiT.

_ kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-bis an Secvlis erTaderTi gza _ esaa saqmis warmoebis

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ganaxleba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axladaRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo (421-e muxli).

_ arcerT arasasamarTlo organos an Tanamdebobispirs ufleba ar aqvs Secvalos an gaauqmos sasamarTlogadawyvetileba. yvela organo da Tanamdebobis pirivaldebulia xeli Seuwyos gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-bas qveynis teritoriaze.

muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonierZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi

gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisSemdeg mxareebs, agreTve maT uflebamonac-vleebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadonsasamarTloSi igive sasarCelo moTxovnebiimave safuZvlze, agreTve sadavo gaxadonsxva procesSi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilifaqtebi da samarTeblivi urTierTobani.

am muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis subi-eqturi da obieqturi farglebi.

_ gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi vrcel-deba: a) mosarCeleze; b) mopasuxeze; g) mesame pirebzedamoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT; d) maT ufle-bamonacvleebze. am pirebze vrceldeba gadawyvetile-bis kanonieri Zala da maT ar SeuZliaT kvlav aRZranigive sarCeli erTmaneTis mimarT.

aq CamoTvlil pirebze gadawyvetilebis subieqtu-ri farglebi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zalavrceldeba mxolod erTi aucilebeli (savaldebulo)pirobiT: Tu isini mowveuli iyvnen saqmis ganxilvaSi,e. i. gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT(70-78-e muxlebi). Tu isini ar iyvnen mowveuli am wesiT_ es gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)safuZvelia (394-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti).

_ gadawyvetilebis obieqturi farglebi vrcelde-ba: a) igive sasarCelo moTxovnaze; b) igive safuZvel-


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ze; g) gadawyvetilebis dadgenil faqtobriv da samar-Tlebriv urTierTobebze, romlebsac adgili hqondaTam gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentisaTvis (gadaw-yvetilebis droiTi farglebi).

es imas niSnavs, rom im pirebs, romlebzec vrcelde-ba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala (mosarCele, mopa-suxe, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-niT, maTi uflebamonacvleebi), ufleba ar aqvT kvlavaRZran igive sarCeli, e. i. sarCeli igive moTxovniT,igive safuZvliT da imave pirebs Soris. magram, Tu erT-erTi elementi sxvaa, magaliTad, sasarCelo moTxovnaan am sarCelis safuZveli sxvaa, an moTxovnac da safuZ-velic igivea, magram erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mopasuxe,sxvaa, maSin ̀ igive~ sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia.

_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis pre-iudiciuloba, rac imas niSnavs, rom kanonier ZalaSi Se-suli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoe-bebi da samarTlebrivi urTierTobani aRar saWiroebendadgenas im pirobiT Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxil-vaSi igive mxareebi monawileoben (106-e muxli).

muxli 267. gadawyvetilebisiZulebiTi aRsruleba

gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba da-saSvebia mxolod misi kanonier ZalaSi Ses-vlis Semdeg.

_ aq mxedvelobaSia mxolod gadawyvetilebis iZu-lebiTi aRsruleba, rac dasaSvebia mxolod am gadaw-yvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (264-e mux-li). kanoni uSvebs erTaderT gamonaklis am wesidan, ro-desac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyov-nebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas(268-e muxli).

_ rac Seexeba gadawyvetilebis nebayoflobiT aR-srulebas _ es dasaSvebi da SesaZlebelia gadawyveti-

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lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamdec da gansxvavebiTiZulebiTi aRsrulebisa, mTlianad damokidebulia mo-valis neba-survilze.

_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, romelicSevida kanonier ZalaSi an romlis dauyovnebliv aRs-ruleba daadgina sasamarTlom, xorcieldeba ̀ saaRs-rulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniTdadgenili wesiT.

muxli 2671. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisda gadawyvetis wesi

1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-lebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixi-leba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis droda adgili ecnobebaT mxareebs. maTi gamo-ucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarT-los mier sakiTxis gadawyvetas.2. gadawyvetileba miiReba ganCinebis for-

miT. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan da-kavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sasamarT-los ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivrisSetana.

1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiTSeiZleba wamoiWras mravali sakiTxi, rogoricaa maga-liTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv (kanonier Za-laSi Sesvlamde) aRsruleba, gadawyvetilebis aRsru-lebis gadadeba, ganawilvadeba, SeCereba, aRsrulebissaSualebebisa da wesis Secvla, aRsrulebis uzrun-velyofa da sxva. yvela aseTi sakiTxis ganxilva warmo-ebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa SetyobinebiT, ro-melTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis ga-dawyvetas. gamonaklisi am wesidan SeiZleba gaTvalis-winebuli iyos kanoniT. magaliTad, am kodeqsis 271-e


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muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrun-velyofa, Tu amas dauSvebs sasamarTlo, unda ganxor-cieldes amave kodeqsis 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgeni-li wesiT. 193-e muxlis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofis sa-kiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs mopasuxis Seutyobineb-lad (ix. am muxlis komentari).

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aucileblad saWiroebs da-zustebas: kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ara aRsru-lebasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil nebismier ganCine-baze, aramed mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul ganCi-nebaze (ix. magaliTad, 263-e muxlis me-3 nawilis da 270-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 2672. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisSebruneba

1. aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-bisa da axali gadawyvetilebis miRebisSemdeg sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTli-anad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis, saqmiswarmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxil-velad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes mo-sarCelem unda daubrunos yovelive, racmas mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda gauqme-buli gadawyvetilebiT.2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis

sakiTxs mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelzewyvets axali gadawyvetilebis an ganCineb-is mimRebi sasamarTlo.

1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba warmoad-gens movalis, e.i. im mxaris uflebebisa da interesebisdacvis saSualebas, romlis mimarTac moxda sasamarT-lo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba.

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisaTvisaucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arseboba:

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erTi - im gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, romelic ukveaRsrulebulia da meore - im sarCelis dakmay-ofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqma,romlis mimarTac gamotanili iyo adre aRsrule-buli gadawyvetileba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta anam sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba. es imas niSnavs,rom Tu adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba gauqmda,magram sarCelis bedi jer kidev araa sabolood gadaw-yvetili - gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba verganxorcieldeba, radgan ar SeiZleba winaswar iyoscnobili, Tu rogori gadawyvetileba iqneba miRebulisarCelis ganxilvis Sedegad.

- sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Se-brunebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCelem mopasuxes undadaubrunos yovelive, rac man miiRo mopasuxisagan gada-wyvetilebis aRsrulebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aR-srulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sedegad sarCe-li mxolod nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolonawilobriv uari eTqva mosarCeles mis dakmayofileba-ze, maSin mosarCelem unda daubrunos mopasuxes yove-live, rac man miiRo sasarCelo moTxovnis im nawilismixedviT, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mas.

2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZle-ba ganxorcieldes mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT. sasa-marTlos iniciativiT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisSebrunebas kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs. gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo,romelmac gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba sarCelisdakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb an ganCineba saq-mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, an, kidev, ganCinebasarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.

- Tu arsebobda mopasuxis Sesabamisi gancxadebagadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb, ma-Sin axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamomtani sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisSesaxeb miuTiTebs am axal gadawyvetilebaSi. Tu aseTigancxadebiT mopasuxe mimarTavs sasamarTlos mas Sem-


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deg, rodesac gamotanili iqna axali gadawyvetileba,maSin sasamarTlo romelmac es axali gadawyvetilebagamoitana niSnavs sasamarTlo sxdomas, am gancxadebisgansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs,magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gancx-adebis ganxilvas.

gadawyvetileba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Se-brunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba miiRos rogorc pirveli in-stanciis sasamarTlom, ise saapelacio da sakasacioinstanciis sasamarTloebma, imis mixedviT, Tu romeliinstanciis sasamarTlom miiRo axali gadawyvetilebagauqmebulis nacvlad.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gauqmebuli gadaw-yvetilebidan da saqmeSi arsebuli masalebidan ar CansgarkveviT Tu ra xasiaTisa da moculobis gadaxdevine-ba ganxorcielda - saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarT-loebs SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Se-brunebis sakiTxi gadasawyvetad daubrunon qvemdgo-mi instanciis sasamarTlos.

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZlebaganxorcieldes mxolod axali gadawyvetilebis (gan-Cinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.

muxli 268. dauyovneblivaRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi

1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniTmTlianad an nawilobriv dauyovnebliv aR-sasruleblad gadasces gadawyvetilebebi:a) alimentis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;b) dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva

dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliTgamowveuli zianis asanazRaureblad gada-saxadebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb;g) muSakisaTvis ara umetes 3 Tvis xel-

fasis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;d) ukanonod daTxovnili an gadayvanili

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muSakis samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb;e) amoRebulia;v) Tamasuqisa da Cekis Taobaze gamotani-

li gadawyvetilebebi;z) yvela sxva saqmeze, Tu gansakuTrebul

garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-lebis dayovnebam SeiZleba gadamxdevine-bels mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos, an Tugadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aR-moCndeba.2. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsru-

lebis daSvebisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mos-Txovos mosarCeles gadawyvetilebis aRsru-lebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.3. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRs-

ruleba ar daiSveba, Tu SeuZlebelia imzaralis zustad gamoTvla, romelic SeiZ-leba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares, ris ga-moc meore mxare ver SeZlebs mis uzrun-velyofas.

1. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba sasa-marTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod mxareTa TxovniTda ara Tavisi iniciativiT. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisdaSvebis sakiTxi ganixileba 269-e muxliT dadgeniliwesiT.

_ es muxli Seicavs im gadawyvetilebaTa mxolod sa-nimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gadaeces da-uyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis. nebismieri sxva gadaw-yvetilebac SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsru-lebisaTvis Tu arsebobs „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswineb-uli pirobebi.

2. gadawyvetilebis gadacema dauyovnebliv aRsru-lebisaTvis ar niSnavs am gadawyvetilebis kanonierZalaSi Sesvlas. dainteresebul mxares SeuZlia gaa-saCivros es gadawyvetileba Sesabamisad saapelacio an


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sakasacio wesiT. cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom zemd-gomma sasamarTlom gaauqmos an Secvalos es gadawyve-tileba, miRebul iqnes sxva gadawyvetileba. aseT Sem-TxvevaSi wamoiWreba ori sakiTxi: erTi _ gadawyveti-lebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi da meore _ imzaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxi, romelic miadga mxaresgadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis gamo.

_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrun-velyofisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia dainteresebu-li mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, an Tavisi inicia-tiviT mosTxovos gadamxdevinebels gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic Se-iZleba gamoixatos Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis Seta-niT saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozi-to angariSze, an romelime sakredito dawesebulebisTavdebobaSi (57-e muxli).

3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos gadawyvetile-bis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, Tu gadawyvetilebis aR-srulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani mi-ayenos mxares (gadamxdevinebels), an gadawyvetilebisaRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. am garemoebaTadamtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba Suamdgomlobis aRmZv-rel pirs.

_ sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas gadawyvetilebisdauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze, Tu Suamdgomlobis aRm-Zvreli piri ver daamtkicebs zemoT miTiTebul gare-moebebs, an Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba im zaralis (zianis)gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdegemxares, ris gamoc dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis momTxov-ni piri ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas.

_ im zianis moculobis damtkicebis tvirTi, rome-lic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales)gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebiT, ekisre-ba am mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales).

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muxli 269. gadawyvetilebisdauyovnebliv aRsruleba

gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganxilull iqnes imavesxdomaze, romelzedac gamotanili iqna gada-wyvetileba. Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyovneblivaRsrulebis sakiTxi imave sxdomaze ar ganix-ileba, maSin sasamarTlo niSnavs sxdomas, risSesaxebac acnobebs mxareebs; mxareebisgamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxisgadawyvetas.

_ sanam gadawyvetileba jer kidev araa miRebuli,SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT mis aRsrulebaze. amitom,Tu gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis sa-Wiroa misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla, gadawyvetilebisdauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa jer gadaw-yvetilebis miReba.

_ mxarem SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos jer kidevgadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram Suamdgomlobagadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb Se-iZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom mxolod am gadawyve-tilebis gamotanis Semdeg da imave sxdomaze,romelzec gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba.

_ iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis dau-yovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebis sakiTxis ganxilva Se-iZleba moxdes ara sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramedmxareTa SuamdgomlobiT da 268-e muxlis me-2 da me-3nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT (ix. ammuxlis komentari), es sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sa-samarTlo ganCinebiT da ara im gadawyvetilebiT, ro-melic dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes.


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muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisSesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebisgasaCivreba

gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZ-leba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic arSeaCerebs am ganCinebis Sesrulebas.

_ dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb mxaris gancxa-debis ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-neba. sasamarTlos ganCineba dauyovnebliv aRsrule-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. sasamarTlosganCineba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisSesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT 416-emuxliT dadgenili wesiT. kerZo saCivris Setana verSeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bas, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT Se-aCeros aseTi aRsruleba (418-e muxli).

- Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebissakiTxi amave gadawyvetilebiT iqna dadgenili, maSines gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, am nawilSi.

muxli 271. gadawyvetilebisaRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa

sasamarTlos SeuZlia uzrunvelyos im ga-dawyvetilebis aRsruleba, romelic gada-cemuli ar aris dauyovnebliv aRsasru-leblad XXI I I TaviT dadgenili wesebisSesabamisad.

_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa war-moadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebisgarantias. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina gadawyvetilebisdauyovnebliv aRsruleba, am gadawyvetilebis uzrun-velyofa saWiro aRaraa, radgan dauyovnebliv aRsru-

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leba, Tavis mxriv warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis re-alurad aRsrulebis erT-erT efeqtian saSualebas. sa-Wiro araa agreTve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyve-tilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, radgan ̀ saaRsru-lebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni Seicavs gadawyveti-lebis realurad aRsrulebis yvela saWiro meqaniz-mebs.

_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa war-moebs am kodeqsis XXI I I TaviT (191-199-e muxlebi) dad-genili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).


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T a v i XXIX

saqmis warmoebis damTavreba gadawyvetilebisgamotanis gareSe

muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta

sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an TavisiiniciativiT, Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas, Tu:a) saqme ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasa-

marTloSi imis gamo, rom kanonis Tanaxmadmisi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSiSedis;b) arsebobs sasamarTlos kanonier Zala-

Si Sesuli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba,romelic gamotanilia davaze imave mxa-reebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZ-vlebiT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarismiRebis an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebisSesaxeb;g) mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze;d) mxareebi morigdnen;e) saqmis erT-erT mxared myofi moqala-

qis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sadavo samarT-lebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauS-vebelia uflebamonacvleoba;v) mxareebs Soris dadebulia xelSekrule-

ba, rom es dava gadasawyvetad gadaeceskerZo arbitraJs.z) kanoniT dadgenilia sxva SemTxveva.

samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi, rogorcwesi, mTavrdeba am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotaniT,magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs saqmiswarmoebis damTavrebas gadawyvetilebis gamotanisgareSec, kerZod; a) ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebisSewyvetis Sesaxeb da b) ganCinebiT sarCelisganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saqmis warmoebis

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damTavrebis es ori forma gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisaganrogorc safuZvlebiT, ise Tavisi SedegebiT.

_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos SeuZliaara marto mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, aramed Tavisi ini-ciativiTac, oRond Tu arsebobs am muxlSi CamoTvli-li safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi aseTia:

a) am punqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs uwyebrivi qvemde-bareoba anu sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba (me-11 muxli)da ara gansjadoba (13-24-e muxlebi). saqarTvelos sa-moqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT sasamarTlos uwyebri-vi qvemdebareoba Zlier gafarToebulia: yvela dava,romelic samarTliT mowesrigebuli urTierTobidangamomdinareobs, eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos. amasTanerTad, arsebobs davebi, romlebic Tumca samarTliTmowesrigebuli urTierTobebidan gamomdinareoben,magram maTi ganxilvis kompetencia mikuTvnebuli aqvssakonstitucio sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevaSi saer-To sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli (gancxadeba)warmoebaSi (186-e muxli), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba.

_ erTmaneTSi ar unda agverios uwyebrivi qvemdeba-reoba da gansjadoba. uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasu-xobs kiTxvaze: eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme saerTo sa-samarTloebs uwyebrivad. am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasu-xis gacemisas wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma konk-retulma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es saqme. am kiT-xvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs gansjadoba. Tu saqme am sasamar-Tlos gansjadi araa, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dauS-vebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme sasamarTlom unda ga-daugzavnos gansjad sasamarTlos (23-e muxli), an ki-dev, Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas TviTon ganixi-los es saqme (21-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

b) am punqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dasaSvebia:1) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-ba igive sarCelze. sarCeli igivea, Tu igivea sasarCe-lo moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), sarCelis safuZveli daigi aRZrulia imave mxareebs Soris. Tu erT-erTi ele-


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menti sxvaa, magaliTad, moTxovna igivea, magram safuZ-veli sxvaa, an kidev, yvelaferi da maT Soris mosarCe-le igivea, magram mopasuxe sxvaa da a. S. sasamarTlomsaqme unda ganixilos; 2) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSiSesuli sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewy-vetis Sesaxeb im safuZvliT, rom igive sarCelis mi-marT mxareebi morigdnen an mosarCelem uari Tqva sar-Celze.

g) am qvepunqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas safuZ-vlad udevs dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdina-re piris ufleba gankargos Tavisi uflebebi. mosarCe-le sarCelze uaris TqmiT gankargavs Tavis uflebas(me-3 da 98-e muxlebi). amitom, sasamarTlom aseT SemT-xvevaSi unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, radgan aRararsebobs davis sagani, romlis mimarT sasamarTlom un-da gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba.

_ sarCelze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosarCelis mier Ta-visi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargva,unda ganvasxvavoT mosarCelis mier am etapze sarCe-lis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmisagan, e. i. rodesac mosarCe-les aRar surs am etapze sarCelis ganxilva da moiT-xovs sarCelis ukan dabrunebas (sarCelis gamoxmoba).(ix. 831-e muxlis komentari) . aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmiswarmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia, radgan mosarCelekargavs uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igivesarCeliT (ix. me-3 muxlis komentari).37

d) morigebiT saqmis damTavreba, iseve, rogorc sar-Celze uaris Tqma, dispoziciurobis principis erT-er-Ti konkretuli gamovlinebaa (me-3 muxli). saqmis mo-rigebiT damTavrebiT mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davawydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtiuradac.amitom, sasamarTlom procesis nebismier stadiaze dayovelTvis unda ecados moarigos mxareebi, daamTav-ros saqme morigebiT.

37 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #7,2002, gv.1141.

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e) erT-erTi mxaris gardacvaleba mxolod im SemTx-vevaSi iwvevs saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas, Tu ufleba-monacvleoba, materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTo-bidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia. magaliTad, mosarCe-le mimarTavs sasamarTlos meore meuRlisagan sarCosmiRebis Sesaxeb. mosarCele saqmis ganxilvis procesSigardaicvala. sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme, rad-gan sarCos miRebaze uflebamosili piri gardaicvalada mis nacvlad sxva pirs sarCos miRebis ufleba araqvs.

rac Seexeba iuridiul pirs, sasamarTlom unda Sew-yvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu mxared myofi iuridiulipiris likvidacia moxda, radgan iuridiuli piris lik-vidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoi-Soba.

3) mxareTa SeTanxmebas, davis kerZo arbitraJis, anusamediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb,aqvs iuridiuli Zala. amitom, Tu erT-erTi mxare maincmimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sasamarTlom ar un-da miiRos es sarCeli (ssk-is186-e muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunq-ti), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRebs, unda Sewyvitos saq-mis warmoeba.

_ am muxlis ̀ a~, ̀ b~ da ̀ v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswi-nebuli safuZvlebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sem-TxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili sa-xelmwifo baJi.

saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis aq CamoTvlili safuZv-lebi araa amomwuravi. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswineb-uli iqnes sxva safuZvlebic.

muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebisSewyvetis Sesaxeb

1. saqmeze warmoeba Sewydeba sasamarTloganCinebiT. Tu saqmis warmoeba Sewyveti-lia imis gamo, rom saqme kanonis TanaxmadsasamarTlos ar eqvemdebareba, sasamarT-


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lo valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romel or-ganos unda mimarTos ganmcxadebelma.2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi

sasamarTlosaTvis xelmeored mimarTva da-vaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze daimave safuZvliT ar SeiZleba.

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 272-e muxlSi gaTvalis-winebuli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis safuZvlebs ad-gili hqonda jer kidev sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebam-de, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba sarCe-lis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (186-e muxli) mxare-Ta Seutyobineblad, oRond mosarCeles unda gaegzav-nos am ganCinebis asli. magram, Tu aseTi safuZveli war-moiSva sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, magaliTad,mxareebi morigdnen, mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,an erT-erTi mxare gardaicvala an moxda iuridiulipiris likvidacia, sasamarTlom unda moiwvios mosam-zadebeli sxdoma, Tu es xdeba momzadebis stadiaze,an mTavari sxdoma, Tu yovelive es xdeba saqmis momza-debis damTavrebisa da mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sem-deg (207-e muxli) da am sxdomaze miiRos Sesabamisi gan-Cineba.

2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas ukavSirdeba Zalianseriozuli Sedegi: igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi xel-meored mimarTva dauSvebelia. igive sarCelSi igulis-xmeba sarCeli igive moTxovniT, imave safuZvliT daimave mxareebs Soris.

muxli 274. saqmis warmoebisSewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebisgasaCivreba

sasamarTlos ganCinebaze saqmis warmoe-bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo sa-Civris Setana.

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_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebazekerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva warmoebs 414-420-emuxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilveladdatoveba

sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Ta-visi iniciativiT, ganuxilvelad datovebssarCels, Tu:a) sarCeli (gancxadeba) Seitana qmeduu-

naro pirma, xolo sasamarTlos mizanSewo-nilad ar miaCnia dauniSnos mas saprocesowarmomadgeneli;b) sarCeli (gancxadeba) dainteresebu-

li piris saxeliT Seitana im pirma, ro-melsac ara aqvs uflebamosileba saqmiswarmoebaze;g) sasamarTlo sxdomaze mosarCele (gan-

mcxadebeli) ar gamocxadebula, xolo mo-pasuxe Tanaxmaa sarCelis (gancxadebis) ga-nuxilvelad datovebisa;d) arc erTi mxare ar gamocxadebula;e) imave an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSi

aris saqme imave mxareebs Soris, imave sa-ganze da imave safuZvliT.v) dakmayofilda mosarCelis Suamdgom-

loba sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumen-tebis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb.

_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT, ise rogorcsaqmis warmoebis SewyvetiT, mTavrdeba saqmis warmoe-ba sasamarTloSi. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba da-saSvebia am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiTada wesiT.

a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos sarCeli warmo-ebaSi, Tu igi Seitana qmeduunaro pirma (186-e muxlis


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`v~ qvepunqti). qmeduunarod iTvleba srulwlovane-bas miuRweveli piri (81-e muxlis me-2 nawili), agreTvesrulwlovanebas miRweuli, magram sasamarTlos mierqmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirebi. Tu, miuxedavad ami-sa, sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi da Semdeggamoirkva, rom mosarCele aris qmeduunaro, romelsacar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos Se-uZlia dauniSnos aseT mosarCeles saproceso warmo-madgeneli (82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). Tu saproceso war-momadgenlis daniSvna mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia, sa-samarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCeli Seitanos pirma,romelic, marTalia, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mi-er qmeduunarod, magram aSkarad ver uwevs Tavis moq-medebas angariSs, e. i. faqtiurad qmeduunaroa; aseTSemTxvevaSic, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas sap-roceso warmomadgeneli ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT(ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).

_ am muxlis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba-ze miuTiTebs agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1277-e mux-li, romlis Tanaxmad, mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwes-des iuridiulad qmedunarian pirs, e. i. pirs, romelicaraa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, mag-ram, romelsac ar SeuZlia Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgo-mareobis gamo ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Se-asrulos Tavisi movaleobebi.38

Tu sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad sapro-ceso warmomadgenlis (mzrunvelis) daniSvna, is sar-Cels ganuxilvelad datovebs.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamosilma pirmaSeitanos gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod an SezRudulqmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb (322-e muxli). aseTSemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmo-eba (279-e muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqti).

38 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mexuTe,Tb, 2001

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b) am punqts mxedvelobaSi hyavs arauflebamosi-li piri da ara arasaTanado mxare. arasaTanado mosar-Cele _ es is piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos ̀ Tavisi~ uflebis dasacavad, romelic sinamdvileSi misiki ara, sxvisi uflebaa (84-e muxli), arauflebamosilipiri ki _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarT-los ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi uflebis dasacavad,magram amisaTvis mas ar gaaCnia am sxva pirisagan saTa-nadod gaformebuli uflebamosileba (96-e muxli).

g) mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,oRond, Tu amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mopasuxe. mag-ram, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlos Se-uZlia datovos sarCeli ganuxilvelad, oRond amazecsaWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sa-samarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.

d) Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze arcerTi mxareda maTi warmomadgenelebi ar gamocxadnen, romlebsacgaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT gaTvalis-winebuli wesiT, maSin sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxil-velad datovebs (ix. 231-e muxlis komentari).

e) am punqtSi miTiTebuli safuZvlis arsebobisas sa-samarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu Secdo-miT miiRo, maSin ganuxilvelad unda datovos igi.

_ es punqti emyareba princips, rom ar SeiZleba erTida igive sarCeli orma (an metma) sxvadasxva sasamarT-lom ganixilos. amitom, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom erTi da igi-ve sarCeli aRZrulia imave an sxva sasamarTloSi, erT-erTma sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos. magram ro-melma? am punqtis azriT, sarCeli ganuxilvelad undadatovos im sasamarTlom, romelSic ufro gvian SevidasarCeli (gancxadeba). amis garkveva ar warmoadgens sir-Tules, Tu miRebulia ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi mi-Rebis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar iyo miRebuli, ma-Sin unda gairkves, romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre ga-vida 5 dRe sarCelis Semosvlidan, romlis Semdeg sar-Celi warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).


486

v) sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis ukangaTxova (gamoxmoba) gaTvaliswinebulia 831 muxliT (ix.komentari).

_ am muxlis à~, `b~, è~ da „v“ qvepunqtebiT gaTva-liswinebuli safuZvlebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-tovebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mierSetanili saxelmwifo baJi.

muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilveladdatovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTloganCinebis gasaCivreba

sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad da-tovebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoeba mTav-rdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT, romelzedacSeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

_ Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvle-bi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlisà~, `b~ da è~ qvepunqtebiT gamovlinda saqmis momza-debis stadiaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gan-Cineba mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, ise, rogorc es Se-saZlebelia amave safuZvlebiT sarCelis miRebaze ua-ris Tqmis dros (186-e muxli), magram Tu sasamarTlosmizanSewonilad miaCnia _ SeuZlia daniSnos mosamza-debeli sxdoma (205-e muxli).

_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi,romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis ̀ g~da ̀ d~ qvepunqtebSi SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod sa-samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, amitom ganCineba sarCe-lis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb am safuZvlebiTSeiZleba miRebuli iqnes mxolod mTavar sxdomaze.

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi mxareebs unda ecnoboT aseTi gan-Cinebis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, radgan am gan-Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk-is 414-420-emuxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

487


muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadisdadgena sarCelis ganuxilveladdatovebis dros

sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad da-tovebis SemTxvevaSi sasarCelo xandazmu-lobis vada ar Sewydeba.

_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT mxares ar er-Tmeva ufleba kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli (278-e mux-li). sarCelis aRZvra SeiZleba moxdes saerTo wesisdacviT; rac Seexeba xandazmulobis vadas, sarCelisganuxilvelad datovebiT xandazmulobis vadis Sewy-veta ar xdeba. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia agreTve samo-qalaqo kodeqsis 140-e muxlSi.39

muxli 278. ganuxilveladdatovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiTwardgena

im garemoebaTa aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi,romlebic safuZvlad daedo sarCelis ga-nuxilvelad datovebas, dainteresebul pirsufleba aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlossaerTo wesis dacviT.

1. Tu ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisSesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, e. i. ar gausaCivrebiamxares an gaasaCivra, magram datovebul iqna ucvle-lad, mas aRar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganaxleba. saq-me iTvleba damTavrebulad.

_ amis Semdeg mxares SeuZlia kvlav aRZras igive sar-Celi, oRond Tu aRar arsebobs is safuZvlebi, ris ga-moc sarCeli ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli. sarCe-lis aRZvra unda moxdes saerTo wesis dacviT, maT So-ris, kvlav unda iqnes Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.

39 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wignipirveli, Tb.,1999, gv.333


488

T a v i XXX

saqmis warmoebis SeGereba

muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleobaSeaCeros saqmis warmoeba

sasamarTlo valdebulia SeaCeros saqmiswarmoeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:a) moqalaqis gardacvalebisas, Tu sada-

vo-samarTlebrivi urTierToba dasaSvebadTvlis uflebamonacvleobas, an im iuri-diuli piris arsebobis Sewyvetisas, rome-lic saqmeSi mxares warmoadgens;b) mxaris mier qmedunarianobis dakargvi-

sas;g) saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moq-

med nawilSi mopasuxis yofnisas an aseTivenawilebSi myofi mosarCelis TxovniT;d) Tu saqmis ganxilva SeuZlebelia sxva

saqmis gadawyvetamde, romelic ganxilulunda iqnes samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlisan administraciuli wesiT;d1) Tu saqmes ganixilavs restituciisa

da kompensaciis komisia an komisiis komi-teti;e) me-6 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswi-

nebul SemTxvevaSi.

_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs saqmis warmoebis saval-debulo SeCerebis safuZvlebs, e. i. safuZvlebs, ro-desac saqmis warmoebis SeCereba savaldebuloa.

a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba mxolod maSin iwvevs saq-mis warmoebis SeCerebas, rodesac uSvebs uflebamo-nacvleobas. magaliTad, moqalaqem aRZra memkvidreo-biTi urTierTobidan gamomdinare sarCeli da garda-icvala. sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas. magram

489


Tu aRZruli iyo sarCeli samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxebda mosarCele gardaicvala, sasamarTlom saqmis war-moeba ki ar unda SeaCeros, aramed unda Sewyvitos (272-e muxlis ̀ e~ qvepunqti).

_ am punqtSi laparakia iuridiuli piris arsebobisSewyvetaze. Sewyveta xdeba iuridiuli piris likvida-ciis drosac. likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacv-leoba ar warmoiSoba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 39-e muxli,`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxli).40

amitom, ̀ Sewyveta~ aq unda ganvixiloT rogorc iuridi-uli piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa,gamoyofa, gardaqmna) da ara rogorc iuridiuli pirislikvidacia. amitom, sasamarTlo kargad unda gaerkveshqonda adgili likvidacias (Sewyvetas), Tu iuridiulipiris reorganizacias. saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba, Tu ad-gili hqonda iuridiuli piris reorganizacias.

b) am punqtis mixedviT igulisxmeba, rom Tavis dro-ze sasamarTlom sworad miiRo sarCeli qmedunarianipirisagan, magram Semdeg gaxda igi qmeduunaro. qmedu-unarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawy-vetilebiTaa aseTad aRiarebuli (322-e muxli). aseTpirs eniSneba meurve, romlis procesSi Cabmamde Se-Cerdeba saqmis warmoeba (326-e muxlis me-2 nawili, sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosarCelem saqmis war-moebis procesSi dakargos unari, angariSi ver gauwiosTavis moqmedebas, e.i. gaxdes faqtiurad qmeduuna-ro, xolo saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asa-cileblad am piris qmeduunarod aRiarebamde da mis-Tvis meurvis daniSvnamde sasamarTlos SeuZlia dau-niSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxli), damis daniSvnamde SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba.

g) Tu mopasuxe imyofeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebu-li Zalebis moqmed nawilSi _ sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saq-

40 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,wigni pirveli,Tb., 1999, gv.140; lado Wanturia, Tedo niniZe, „mewarmeTa S esaxeb“kanonis komentari, mesame gamocema, Tb.,2002, gv.172


490

mis warmoebas miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara am mo-pasuxis Suamdgomloba, magram Tu mosarCelea Seiara-Rebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilebSi, maSin saWiroa misiTxovna SeCerebis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom mxareebsCabardaT uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e mux-lebi).

d) am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saq-mis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT,Tu sxva kategoriis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetile-bas SeiZleba mieces preiudiciuli (winaswar gadamw-yveti) mniSvneloba am saqmis gadawyvetisas (106-e mux-li).

amitom, sanam saqmis warmoebas SeaCerebdes, sasamar-Tlom zustad unda gansazRvros, Tu ra kavSiri arse-bobs mis mier gansaxilvel saqmesa da im saqmes So-ris, romelic sxva sasamarTlos mier ganixileba,kerZod, gamomdinareoben Tu ara isini erTi da igivefaqtobrivi safuZvlebidan da samarTlebrivi ur-TierTobidan.

amasTan dakavSirebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi sa-qarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatissamarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic man Camoayaliba erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi. man dauSveblad CaTvala ssk 279-e muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze saqmis warmoebisSeCereba, ̀ radgan gansaxilveli saqmis davis sagans war-moadgens materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRau-reba, romelic regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT daaraviTari kavSiri ar aris eleqtroenergiis tarifisSesaxeb normatiuli aqtis antikonstituciurad cno-bis konstituciur sarCelTan.~41

e) kanonis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabami-sobis sakiTxis garkveva saqarTvelos sakonstituciosasamarTlos kompetenciaa. amitom, Tu saqmis ganmxil-vel sasamarTlos eWvi epareba mis mier gamosayenebeli

41 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze. #2,2003,gv.259.

491


kanonis konstituciurobaSi, man unda SeaCeros saqmeda mimarTos wardginebiT sakonstitucio sasamarTlos(me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili).

muxli 280. sasamarTlos uflebaSeaCeros saqmis warmoeba

sasamarTlos, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Ta-visi iniciativiT, SeuZlia SeaCeros saqmiswarmoeba, Tu:a) mxare imyofeba namdvil vadian samxed-

ro samsaxurSi an gawveulia raime saxelm-wifo movaleobis Sesasruleblad;b) mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxureb-

riv mivlinebaSi;g) mxare imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebule-

baSi an avad aris, ris gamoc saSualeba araaqvs gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, da es das-turdeba samedicino dawesebulebis cnobiT;d) gamocxadebulia mopasuxis Zebna kano-

niT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;e) sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza.

_ am muxlSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisassasamarTlo araa valdebuli SeaCeros saqmis warmoe-ba. sxvanairad aq CamoTvlil garemoebebs saqmis war-moebis SeCerebis fakultatur safuZvlebs uwodeben.

SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, Tu gadados saqmis gan-xilva, damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.

magaliTad, sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza. imisgaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra sirTulis gamokvlevaa Casa-tarebeli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gansazRvros vada daki ar SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, aramed gadados saqmisganxilva.

_ saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis arasavaldebulo sa-fuZvlebs Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevsmxaris avadmyofoba. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemT-


492

xveva, roca mxare namdvilad mZimedaa daavadebuli daarc Cans raime perspeqtiva misi axlo momavlSi gamo-janmrTelebisa. arada mowinaaRmdege mxare saqmis gan-xilvis gaWianurebiT naxulobs did zarals. avadmyo-fi mxare ki araviTar ganzraxvas, miandos saqmis warmo-eba advokats (warmomadgenels), ar amJRavnebs. Tu ase-Ti piri mosarCelea, mizanSewonili iqneba saqmis war-moebis SeCereba mis gamojanmrTelebamde, magram, TuaseTi piri mopasuxea, sasamarTlom ssk-is 82-e muxlisanalogiiT mas unda dauniSnos misive ojaxis romelimewevri saproceso warmomadgenlad, xolo Tu ojaxiswevrebs Soris aseTi piri ar arsebobs, maSin sxva nebis-mieri piri, romelic SeZlebs avadmyofi mopasuxis in-teresebis dacvas (ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).

aseTi pirisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniS-vna SeiZleba moxdes mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTloSesTavazebs mas dauniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-jze (Tu mas am xarjebis anazRaureba ar SeuZlia), xo-lo avadmyofi mopasuxe amis kategoriuli winaaRmde-gia (ix. 47-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).

_ rac Seexeba am muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswi-nebul mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas, es gaTval-iswinebulia 3566-e muxliT reketuli an qurduli sam-yaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze aRZrulisarCelebis ganxilvisas (ix. am uxlis komentari). ~sa-aRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs policiis meSveobiT mova-lis Zebnis gamocxadebis SesaZleblobas garkveuli ka-tegoriis saqmeebze gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSiSesuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis mizniT.

_ am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmiswarmoebis SeCerebis vadebs gansazRvravs ssk-is 281-emuxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti.

493


muxli 281. saqmis warmoebisSeCerebis vadebi

saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba:a) 279-e muxlis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT

gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ saqmidan ga-suli piris uflebamonacvlis dadgenamdean qmeduunaro pirisaTvis warmomadgenlisdaniSvnamde;b) 279-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtiT da 280-

e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi mxa-ris yofnamde, mis mier saxelmwifo mova-leobis Sesrulebamde, samsaxurebrivi miv-linebidan dabrunebamde, samkurnalo da-wesebulebidan gamoweramde an gamojanmr-Telebamde, mopasuxis moZebnamde an eqs-pertizis damTavrebamde;g) 279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTva-

liswinebul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dad-genilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde anadministraciuli wesiT ganxilul saqmezegadawyvetilebis gamotanamde;d) 279-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtiT gaTva-

liswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sakonstituciosasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.

a) uflebamonacvleoba materialur-samarTlebrivurTierTobebSi anu sadavo uflebis gadasvla erTipiridan meoreze (magaliTad, memkvidreobis gaxsnisdros) aris saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZ-veli, magram ara misi savaldebulo Sedegi.

es imas niSnavs, rom uflebamonacvlis mier misi wi-namorbedis adgilis dakaveba samoqalaqo procesSi da-mokidebulia TviT uflebamonacvlis nebaze: daikavos,Tu ara saqmidan gasuli mosarCelis adgili procesSi


494

_ es mTlianad damokidebulia am gasuli mosarCelisuflebamonacvlis neba-survilze. am mxriv gansxvave-buli mdgomareoba uWiravs mopasuxis uflebamonacv-les, romelic unda Caebas procesSi, Tu amas mosarCe-le an misi uflebamonacvle moiTxovs. Tu mopasuxisuflebamonacvle, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba dagafrTxilebuli iyo gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Se-saxeb, ar gamocxaddeba mTavar sxdomaze, mis mimarTgamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (92-emuxli).

_ Tu mxarem dakarga qmedunarianoba (279-e muxlis`b~ qvepunqti), e. i. aRiarebuli iqna kanoniT dadgeni-li wesiT qmeduunarod, mas eniSneba meurve (326-e mux-li), romelsac eniWeba warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamo-sileba sasamarTloSi (101-e muxli).

_ uflebamonacvleebma sasamarTlos unda warud-ginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTe-bi, magaliTad, mowmoba memkvidreobis uflebis Sesa-xeb, moTxovnis an uflebis daTmobis xelwerili, va-dis gadakisrebis xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris re-organizaciis masalebi da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, romuflebamonacvle ar iyos dainteresebuli saqmis ga-naxlebiT da, amitom, arc acnobos sasamarTlos amisSesaxeb. maSin es SeuZlia gaakeTos mowinaaRmdege mxa-rem, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis ganaxlebiT (ix.92-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).

b) demobilizaciis Sesaxeb aqtebis safuZvelze dad-gindeba SeiaraRebuli Zalebidan dabrunebis faqti, sa-xelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebis, mivlinebidan dab-runebis, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweris, eq-spertizis damTavrebis Sesaxeb faqtebi dadasturde-ba Sesabamisi dokumentebiT.

g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCine-bis ZalaSi Sesvla wesrigdeba samoqalaqo saprocesoda sisxlis saproceso kodeqsebiT. saqmis ganaxleba arSeiZleba am aqtebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde.

d) sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ka-

495


nonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo gana-axlebs saqmes, rogorc ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlomiiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas, romelic unda gad-moegzavnos samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarT-los (me-16 muxli).

_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxil-va xdeba saerTo wesiT (283-e muxli).

muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebisgasaCivreba

saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCiv-ris Setana, garda am kodeqsis 280-e mux-lis „„e“„ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuliSemTxvevisa.

_ damoukideblad imisa, Tu visi iniciativiT xdebasaqmis warmoebis SeCereba (mxareTa TxovniT, Tu sasa-marTlos iniciativiT), ganCineba SeCerebis Sesaxeb Se-iZleba gaasaCivros mxarem kerZo saCivriT (414-420-emuxlebi) garda ganCinebisa eqspertizis daniSvnis gamosaqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.

_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis SeCerebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

muxli 283. saqmis warmoebisganaxleba

saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba im garemoe-baTa acilebis Semdeg, romlebmac gamoiw-via warmoebis SeCereba. warmoebis ganaxle-bis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTowesiT.

_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlosgamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos


496

saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dRe. mxareebs undaecnoboT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, saqmis ganxilvisdRisa da im Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba moy-ves mis gamoucxadeblobas (72-e muxli).

_ saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im etapidan, romeletapzec igi SeCerda.

_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganCinebazekerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

497


T a v i XXXI

sasamarTlo ganGineba

muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana

1. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTacsaqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCi-nebis formiT.2. sasamarTlo ganCinebas, romelic miRe-

bulia erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier,xels awers es mosamarTle, xolo Tu igimiRebulia kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier -_ yvela mosamarTle.3. Tu ganCineba miRebulia saTaTbiro

oTaxSi gausvlelad, is Seitaneba sasamar-Tlo sxdomis oqmSi.4. ganCineba, romelsac sasamarTlo iRebs

adgilze TaTbiriT, unda gamocxaddes miRe-bisTanave. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle,romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavsam ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebiswessa da vadas, rac aisaxeba sxdomis oqmSi.5. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle saTabiro

oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis sarezolucionawils acxadebs TaTbiris Semdeg. Tavmj-domare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacx-ada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Si-naarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas.6. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-

adebis 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amza-debs dasabuTebul ganCinebas mxareTaTvisgadasacemad.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili da am kodeqsis 243-e mux-lis pirveli nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvave-ben sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisa da sasamarTlo gan-


498

Cinebis gamoyenebis sferoebs: saqmis arsebiTad ga-dawyvetis dros sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyveti-leba, xolo saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWrili cal-keuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas gamoaqvs ganCine-ba.

2. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi, sadac saqmeganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, yvelaganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle (magistrati mo-samarTle). sasamarTlo sistemis yvela sxva rgolSisaqme ganixileba kolegiurad, amitom, Tu ganCineba ga-moaqvs sasamarTlos kolegiur Semadgenlobas, masxels awers am Semadgenlobis yvela mosamarTle, ar arisgamoricxuli, rom saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuliama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyveta an calkeuli saprocesomoqmedebis Sesruleba daevalos kolegiuri sasamarT-los romelime mosamarTles, magaliTad, sarCelismiReba warmoebaSi (187-e muxli) saqmis momzadeba (me-200 muxli) da sxva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganCineba ga-moaqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles, maSin amganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle.

2.nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba miRebuli iqnesrogorc calke saproceso dokumenti, ise oqmSi Setan-iT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi oqmis Sedgena ar xdeba, amitom,Tu sasamarTlo gavida saTaTbiro oTaxSi ganCinebisgamosatanad, maSin aseTi ganCineba mxolod calkesaproceso dokumentis saxiT unda gamovides. gan-Cinebis gamosatanad saTaTbiro oTaxSi SeiZleba ga-vides saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosa-marTlec, magram ara imitom, rom vinmes moeTaTbiros,aramed Tu mis winaSe mxaris mier dasmuli sakiTxisgadawyveta moiTxovs saqmis faqtobriv da samarT-lebriv analizs.

- sasamarTlo oqmSi Setanili ganCineba unda pasux-obdes kanonis moTxovnebs (285-e muxli). mxares Seu-Zlia moiTxovos am oqmidan ganCinebis amonabeWdi, Seit-anos am saoqmo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari, Tu kanoniTaseTi saCivari dasaSvebia.

499


- mizanSewonilad (arasavaldebulod) unda Cai-Tvalos yvela iseTi ganCinebis calke saprocesodokumentis saxiT Camoyalibeba, romlebzec dasaS-vebia kerZo saCivris Setana.

4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbirooTaxSi gausvlelad (adgilze TaTbiriT) miRebuli gan-Cinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) aseTi ganCineba undagamocxaddes miRebisTanave; b) mosamarTlem, unda gan-martos am ganCinebis Sinaarsi, misi gasaCivrebis wesida vada.

5. am muxlis me-5 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbirooTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) mo-samarTle acxadebs am wesiT miRebulil ganCinebissarezolucio nawils. es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom TusaTaTbiro oTaxSi miRebulia motivirebuli ganCine-ba, sasamarTlom mainc am ganCinebis sarezolucio naw-ili unda gamoacxados. ra Tqma unda ara! sasamarTlosSeuZlia gamoacxados mTlianad motivirebuli gan-Cineba, Tu man SeZlo misi Camoyalibeba saTaTbirooTaxSi.

yvela SemTxvevaSi, acxadebs mosamarTle ganCineb-is sarezolucio nawils, Tu mTlianad motivirebulganCinebas, man unda ganmartos gamocxadebuli gan-Cinebis Tu misi sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi da gasa-Civrebis wesi da vada, romelic yovelTvis iwyeba mo-tivirebulil ganCinebis mxareTaTvis gadacemis momen-tidan, Tu is ar yofila gamocxadebuli sasamarTlosxdomaze, romelsac eswrebodnen gasaCivrebis ufleb-is mqone pirebi. (ix. 416-e muxlis komentari).

5. Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara motivirebuli,aramed ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin man undaSeadginos dasabuTebuli ganCineba 14 dRis vadaSi misisarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.


500

muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi

ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos:a) ganCinebis miRebis dro da adgili;b) ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlos dasa-

xeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdo-mis mdivani;g) mxareebi da davis sagani;d) sakiTxi, romelzedac miRebul unda

iqnes ganCineba;e) motivebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo mi-

vida Tavis daskvnamde, da kanonebi, romle-biTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda;v) sasamarTlos dadgenileba;z) ganCinebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada..

_ im Cveulebriv da cnobil rekvizitebs Soris, rom-lebic unda aisaxos ganCinebaSi, gansakuTrebul yurad-Rebas imsaxurebs im sakiTxis naTlad da garkveviT Ca-moyalibeba, romelzec an romlis Sesaxebac miRebuliaganCineba (ganCinebis sagani), agreTve am ganCinebis faq-tobrivi da iuridiuli motivireba, anu miTiTeba faq-tebze da kanonebze, romlebiTac xelmZRvanelobdaganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo.

_ ganCinebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebis dros sa-samarTlo xelmZRvanelobs samoqalaqo saproceso sa-marTlis normebiT, magram Tu es saWiroa, materialur-samarTlebrivi normebiTac. magaliTad, Tu materia-luri samarTali ar uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas, sa-samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas ara saqmis warmoebis Se-Cerebis, aramed saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb(272-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). aseT SemTxvevaSi gan-CinebaSi unda mieTiTos materialur samarTlebrivnormazec.

_ gadawyvetilebis analogiurad sasamarTlos,mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia ganmartos Tavisi ganCineba,Tu igi amas saWiroebs (ix. 262-e muxlis komentari).

501


- ganCinebaSi gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis SesaxebmiTiTeba savaldebuloa, miT umetes rom es wesebi davadebi araa erTgvarovani.

muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebisgadagzavna mxareebisaTvis

mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebian ganCine-bis gamocxadebas, egzavnebaT ganCinebis as-lebi saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis, sarCelisganuxilvelad datovebisa Tu saqmis war-moebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb misi gamotanidanara ugvianes 5 dRisa.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod aq CamoTvlili gan-Cinebebis im mxarisaTvis gagzavnis vadas, romlis ga-mocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare. magram es imas ar niS-navs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebi ar unda gada-egzavnos mxares (mxareebs), romelic ar eswreboda misgamocxadebas. yvela ganCineba, romelzec SeiZlebakerZo saCivris an saCivris (197-e muxli) Setana, auci-leblad unda gadaegzavnos im mxares, romelic ar esw-reboda aseTi ganCinebis gamocxadebas. mxedvelobaSiamisaRebi is, rom ssk-is 416-e da 197-e muxlebis Tanax-mad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba ganCinebis ga-dacemis momentidan, roca mis gamocxadebas ar eswre-boda mxare (ix. am muxlis komentari). ganCinebis gada-cemis momentad iTvleba misi aslis mxarisaTvis Caba-reba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an misi mxarisaTvis ga-dagzavna ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad, Tu saq-meSi arsebobs cnoba, rom ganCineba Cabarda adresats(369-e muxli).


502

T a v i XXXII

sasamarTlo oqmi

muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenissavaldebulooba

sasamarTlos TiToeuli sxdomis Sesaxeb,agreTve sxdomis gareSe Sesrulebuli Ti-Toeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb, ro-melSic monawileoben mxareebi, maTi war-momadgenlebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, speci-alistebi, oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa.

_ es muxli Seicavs oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulo-bis zogad, magram sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs. oq-mis Sedgena yovelTvis savaldebuloa: 1) Tu mimdina-reobs sasamarTlo sxdoma (mosamzadebeli Tu mTavarisxdoma) da 2) Tu saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSimonawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowme-ebi, specialistebi da a. S.

_ magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCinebasarCelisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebismopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb (201-e muxli), ankidev, mosamzadebeli sxdomis, Tu mTavari sxdomis da-niSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa,radgan am da sxva amgvari ganCinebebis miReba xdeba mxa-reTa da maT warmomadgenelTa monawileobis gareSe.magram Tu sasamarTlo ixilavs sakiTxs sarCelis uz-runvelyofis Sesaxeb, adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb(125-e muxli) da a. S. maSin unda Sedges oqmi.

_ zogjer kanoni iTvaliswinebs ama Tu im saproce-so moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebeli Set-yobinebiT, Tumca maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrko-lebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas (115-e muxli). zog-jer kanoni gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier ama Tu imsaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebe-

503


li SetyobinebiT, magram uSvebs gadaudebel SemTxve-vaSi am moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa SetyobinebisgareSec (113-e muxli).

aris Tu ara saWiro oqmis Sedgena, roca saprocesomoqmedeba sruldeba mxareTa SetyobinebebiT, magrammaTi monawileobis gareSe, vinaidan ar gamocxaddnen,an gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi maTi Setyobinebis gareSe?

diax, oqmi mainc unda Sedges, Tu igi gvevlineba ro-gorc mtkicebuleba imis dasadastureblad, Tu ra moq-medeba Seasrula sasamarTlom da ra Sedegebi iqna miRe-buli am moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sedegad. sxva SemTxve-vaSi oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa. magaliTad, Tu eqsperti-zis daniSvnis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets mxareTa Set-yobinebisa da monawileobis gareSe, maSin oqmi saWiro araa(203-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti), magram, Tu am sakiTxis ga-dawyveta warmoebs mxareTa monawileobiT (163-e muxlisme-2 da me-3 nawili), maSin unda Sedges oqmi.

muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi

oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis ancalkeuli saproceso moqmedebis yvela ar-sebiT moments, kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdo-mis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos:a) sasamarTlo sxdomis weli, Tve, ricxvi

da adgili;b) sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebisa da dam-

Tavrebis dro;g) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasa-

xeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdo-mis mdivani;d) saqmis dasaxeleba;e) cnobebi warmomadgenelTa, mowmeTa, eq-

spertTa da TarjimanTa gamocxadebis Se-saxeb;v) cnobebi mxareebisa da warmomadgenle-

bisaTvis maTi saproceso uflebebisa da


504

movaleobebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb;z) sasamarTlos gankargulebani da sa-

TaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebuli gan-Cinebani;T) mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa axs-

na-ganmartebani;i) mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertebis mier

TavianTi daskvnebis ganmartebebi, nivTierda werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvalie-rebis monacemebi;k) sasamarTlo paeqrobis Sinaarsi;l) cnobebi gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCi-

nebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;m) cnobebi gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsis, misi

gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis ganmartebisSesaxeb.

_ oqmi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saproceso doku-mentia, romelsac aqvs mravalmxrivi mtkicebulebiTi dainformaciuli mniSvneloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarT-lo sxdomis oqmis uqonloba _ gadawyvetilebis gauqme-bis udavo safuZvelia (385-e da 394-e muxlis ̀ T~ qvepun-qti). aqedan gamomdinare, oqms waeyeneba garkveuli moT-xovnebi, romelTa dacviT igi unda iqnes Sedgenili.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs oqmis savaldebulo rekvi-zitebs, im sainformacio monacemebs, romlebsac undaSeicavdes oqmi, amasTan erTad, es muxli Seicavs erTmetad mniSvnelovan daTqmas: oqmi unda asaxavdes saq-mis ganxilvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebaTaSesrulebis mxolod ̀ arsebiT momentebs~.

_ oqmis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba am muxlSi miTiTebu-li rekvizitebis asaxviT. oqmSi SeiZleba saWiro gax-des sxva sainformacio monacemebis Setanac, rogori-caa mxareTa da saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile sxva pirTaiseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa sarCelze uaris Tqma, sar-Celis cnoba, saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, mxaris mi-

505


er saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoe-bis (faqtis) aRiareba da sxva.

_ amasTan erTad, araa mizanSewonili oqmSi iseTi mo-nacemebis Setana, romlebsac ar aqvT raime mniSvnelo-ba saqmisaTvis an isedac cnobilia saqmeSi monawile yve-la pirisaTvis.

muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa dagaformebis wesi

1. oqms adgens mdivani TviT sasamarTlosxdomaze an sxdomis gareSe calkeuli sap-roceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros.2. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs uf-

leba aqvT iSuamdgomlon oqmSi im garemo-ebaTa Setanis Sesaxeb, romlebsac maTi az-riT, saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvT.3. oqmi momzadebuli da xelmoweril un-

da iqnes ara ugvianes 3 dRisa sxdomisdamTavrebis an calkeuli saproceso moq-medebis Sesrulebis Semdeg.4. oqms xels aweren mosamarTle da mdi-

vani, xolo Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarT-lo ixilavda, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdoma-re da mdivani.5. oqmSi Setanil yvela cvlilebas, Seswo-

rebasa da damatebas ukeTdeba SeniSvna damowmdeba oqmze xelis momwer pirTa mier.

1. oqmis Sedgenis movaleoba ekisreba sasamarTlosxdomis mdivans, romelmac es oqmi unda Seadginos sa-marTalwarmoebis enaze. oqmi SeiZleba daiweros xe-liT, daibeWdos an oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoyenebuliiqnes magnitofoni an kompiuteri (290-e muxli).

2. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebani, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eq-spertis Cveneba, maTi Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebe-bi unda Caiweros pirveli piris saxiT. jer unda Caiwe-


506

ros SekiTxvis mimcemi piri, misi SekiTxva da SemdegSekiTxvaze pasuxis gamcemi piri da misi pasuxi. mosa-marTlis an sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gankargule-bebi aisaxeba oqmSi sasamarTlos saxeliT, magram mesa-me piris saxiT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRe-bul ganCinebis teqsts, romelic oqmSi Seitaneba, kiT-xulobs mosamarTle an kolegiis Tavmjdomare, rocasaqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs.

_ Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe amaTu im garemoebis oqmSi Setanis Sesaxeb, oqmSi unda ai-saxos es. oqmSi unda aisaxos isic, daakmayofila Tu araes Suamdgomloba sasamarTlom. Tu mxaris Suamdgom-loba werilobiT iyo warmodgenili _ igi aisaxeba oqmSida daerTvis saqmes.

3. oqmi erT-erTi ZiriTadi saproceso dokumentia,romlis meSveobiT SeiZleba imis gageba, rogori Cvenebamisces mowmeebma, eqspertebma, ra axali faqtebi da ga-remoebebi daayenes mxareebma da mesame pirebma, ra mo-sazrebebi wamoayenes warmomadgenlebma da rogoria ma-Ti pozicia, ra faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebsefuZneba maTi mosazreba saqmis arsis Sesaxeb da a. S.

_ oqmis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, misisrulyofilad SedgenisaTvis gansazRvrulia maqsimumsami dRe. am vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca dam-Tavrda sxdoma, an esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.

4. sanam xels moawerdes mosamarTle, jer yuradRe-biT unda gaecnos oqms da Tu saWirod CaTvlis, miuTi-Tos mdivans, Seitanos masSi saWiro da aucilebeli da-zustebebi da damatebebi. mosamarTlem ar unda moawe-ros xeli daudevrad Sedgenil oqms.

_ oqmi momzadebulad iTvleba mxolod misi xel-moweris Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, roca xels moawersmosamarTle da mdivani. aseTi xelmoweris gareSe oq-mi ar iTvleba saproceso dokumentad da mas ukav-Sirdeba iseTive Sedegi, rogorc saqmeSi sasamarTlooqmis ararsebobas (385-e da 394-e muxlebi), e. i. iTv-leba, rom saqmes ar erTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi.

507


5. oqmSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnes Sesworeba da dama-teba, magram aseT Sesworeba-damatebas, Tu cvlilebasunda gaukeTdes SeniSvna: `Sesworebas endeT~, `Cama-tebas endeT~ da a. S. Sesworeba unda iyos xelmowerili.

muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerilioqmi

sasamarTlos SeuZlia oqmis SedgenisaT-vis gamoiyenos magnitofoni an kompiute-ri, romelTa Canawerebic oqms Tan erTvis.sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproce-so moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg magnito-fonisa Tu kompiuteris Canawerebi gada-tanil unda iqnes oqmSi.

oqmis SedgenisaTvis magnitofonis an kompiuterisgamoyenebis SesaZlebloba uaRresad mniSvnelovani si-axlea, romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs oqmis sisru-lisaTvis, misi srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis.

_ ssk 289-e muxlis me-3 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesa-xeb, rom oqmi momzadebuli iqnes araugvianes sami dRi-sa calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis, Tu sa-samarTlo sxdomis damTavrebis dRidan _ unda gavr-celdes am muxlis moTxovnazec imis Sesaxeb, rom mag-nitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri gadatanili iqnesoqmSi araugvianes sami dRisa sxdomis damTavrebis Tusaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dRidan.

magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri TviTon arwarmoadgens oqms. isini mxolod SeiZleba gamoyenebu-li iqnes oqmis SedgenisaTvis, xolo maTi Canawerebi,romlebic gadatanilia oqmSi, Tan unda daerTos saqmes.

muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTandakavSirebiT

sxdomis oqmze xelmoweridan 3 dRis va-


508

daSi mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebsSeuZliaT waradginon TavianTi SeniSvnebioqmTan dakavSirebiT, miuTiTon mis us-worobasa da usrulobaze. SeniSvnebi undadaerTos saqmes. SeniSvnebs saqmis ganmxil-veli mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) ganixilavsmaTi Setanidan 5 dRis vadaSi da gamoaqvsganCineba SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb.

oqmi Sedgenilad iTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rocamas xels moawers mosamarTle da mdivani. aqedan gamom-dinare, mxareebs SeuZliaT gaecnon oqms mxolod mo-samarTlisa da mdivnis mier am oqmze xelmowerisSemdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg, roca oqmi iTvleba Sedgeni-lad.

_ mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaec-non saqmis masalebs da maT Soris oqms, saqmis warmoe-bis nebismier etapze, magram SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarTSeiZleba gakeTdes masze xelis moweridan sami dRisganmavlobaSi. cxadia, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sa-samarTlom am kodeqsis 65-66-e muxlebiT dadgeniliwesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

_ SeniSvnebis miReba-armiRebis sakiTxs gadawyvetsara sxdomis mdivani, aramed mosamarTle, romelicxels awers oqms. SeniSvnebis miReba - armiRebis Sesax-eb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu igi ar iziarebsSeniSvnebs, man unda daasabuTos es, magram, Tu igiiziarebs am SeniSvnebs an maT nawils, ganCinebaSi undamiuTiTos romel SeniSvnebs an maT nawils iziarebs.

SeniSvnebi yvela SemTxvevaSi unda iyos warmodge-nili werilobiTi formiT. damoukideblad imisa, gai-ziara es SeniSvnebi mosamarTlem Tu ara, isini yovel-Tvis daerTvis saqmes.

_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeniSvnebis uaryofis Se-saxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

509


kari mexuTe

gamartivebuli warmoeba

T a v i XXXIII

Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZrulisarGelebis ganxilva

muxli 292. dasaSveboba

Tu Tamasuqis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanon-mdeblobis Sesabamisad aRZruli iqneba Ta-masuqidan gamomdinare pretenziebi da sar-CelSi miTiTebuli iqneba, rom saqmis gan-xilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, gamo-yenebul unda iqnes am TavSi gaTvaliswine-buli wesebi.

_ saqarTvelos kanoni ̀ Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~, romelicmiRebulia 1995 wlis 19 aprils, sxva sakiTxebTan er-Tad awesrigebs Tamasuqis gaunaRdeblobis SemTxveva-Si sarCelis wardgenis SesaZleblobas.42

Tamasuqi am kanonis mixedviT _ esaa fasiani qaRal-di, dokumenti, romliTac misi gamcemi piri kisrulobsupirobo valdebulebas gadaixados TamasuqSi naCve-nebi Tanxa piradad an sxva pirs avalebs mis gadaxdas.

_ ̀ Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e mux-lis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqis mflobels SeuZlia warudgi-nos sarCeli indosants, Tamasuqis gamcems da sxva val-debul pirebs gadaxdis vadis dadgomisas, gadauxde-lobisas, gadaxdis vadis dadgomamdec, oRond im SemT-xvevaSi, rodesac movalis gadaxdisunarianoba saeWvoa,an rodesac saeWvoa im Tamasuqis gamcemis gadaxdisuna-rianoba, romelic aqceptebas ar eqvemdebareba.

42 saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I I I, iuridiulida sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps,Tbilisi,1996, gv.202.


510

aRniSnuli garemoebebi ar warmoadgens sarCelisaRZvris an sarCelis miRebis winapirobebs. sarCeli mi-Rebuli unda iqnes warmoebaSi samoqalaqo saprocesokanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (185-e da 186-e mux-lebi), im damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TaviTaagaTvaliswinebuli. ̀ Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTveloskanonis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi warmoad-genen Tamasuqidan warmoSobili moTxovnebis dakma-yofilebis safuZvels.

_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCeli SeiZleba ganxi-luli iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, Tu amave sarCelSi iq-neba miTiTebuli, rom misi ganxilva moxdes gamartive-buli wesiT, e.i. mosarCele moiTxovs amas (297-e muxli).

muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena

sarCels Tan unda daerTos Tamasuqis as-li. saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze zepiri gan-xilvis dros mosarCelem Tamasuqi dednissaxiT unda warmoadginos.

_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelze am Tamasuqisaslis darTva warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-bis erT-erT winapirobas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu aseTiasli ar erTvis sarCels, sasamarTlo ver miiRebs maswarmoebaSi, magram dauniSnavs mosarCeles vadas xar-vezis Sesavsebad da Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sev-sebuli, datovebs mas umoZraod (185-e muxli).

_ Tamasuqis aslis sarCelTan erTad wardgena ar aTa-visuflebs mosarCeles movaleobisagan warmoudgi-nos sasamarTlos saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvi-sas Tamasuqis dedani.

_ dedani sabuTis warmoudgenlobas SeiZleba mohy-ves sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma (135-e mux-li). Tamasuqis aslebis da Tamasuqis dednis miRebis sa-kiTxebs awesrigebs `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTveloskanonis me-60-61-e muxlebi.

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muxli 294. gansjadoba

1. sarCelebi Tamasuqis Taobaze SeiZlebaaRiZras rogorc im sasamarTloSi, romlisteritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, isesasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT.2. Tu sarCeli mimarTulia erToblivad

ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulis mimarT, ma-Sin sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras rogorc imsasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriazedac un-da moxdes gadaxda, ise nebismier sasamarT-loSi erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT.

1. es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiuli gansjado-bis wesebs, romlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqidan gamomdina-re sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras gansjadobis saerTo we-sis mixedviT, rogorc mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgi-lis, ise Tamasuqis gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT sasamar-TloSi.

arCevani SeuZlia gaakeTos mosarCelem.2. aseve, Tu ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulia, sarCe-

li SeiZleba aRiZras erT-erTi Tamasuqvaldebulissacxovrebeli adgilis an gadaxdis adgilis mixedviTsasamarTloSi.

muxli 295. vada uwyebis CabarebidansasamarTlo sxdomamde

mxareebs uwyeba unda CabardeT sasamarT-los sxdomis dawyebamde aranakleb 24 sa-aTiT adre, Tu es uwyeba bardeba sasamar-Tlos adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. Tuki uw-yeba bardeba sxva adgilze, maSin es vadaganisazRvreba minimum 3 dRiT.


512

_ uwyebis Cabarebis vadebi ganpirobebulia saqmisgamartivebuli warmoebiT, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom amwesiT saqmis ganxilvisas ar xdeba saqmis winaswari mom-zadeba (mxareTa werilobiTi Sejibreba), amitom, uwye-bis Cabarebis vada ganisazRvreba mxareTa sasamarTlo-Si gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofis interesebiT, imiT,rom maT SeZlon Tavisuflad moaswron sasamarTlosmTavar sxdomaze gamocxadeba.

muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi

1. mtkicebulebebad daiSveba mxolod do-kumentebi (werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi) damxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi.2. dokumenturi dadastureba SesaZlebe-

lia mxolod Sesabamisi dokumentebis war-dgeniT.

_ mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principiCamoyalibebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, rom-lis Tanaxmad saqmis garemoebani, romlebic kanonis Ta-naxmad, unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebu-lebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkice-bulebebiT.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens mtkice-bulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principis konkretulgamovlinebas, romlis Tanaxmad, garemoebebi, romleb-sac emyareba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moT-xovnebi, SeiZleba damtkicdes da dadasturdes mxo-lod werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da mxareTa axs-na-ganmartebiT.

2. am muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebul Sesabamis do-kumentSi igulisxmeba dokumenti, romliTac kanonismoTxovnaTa mixedviT, SeiZleba dadasturdes esa Tuis faqti (garemoeba). magaliTad, Tu dasadgenia Tama-suqis gadaxdaze uari, aseTi uari SeiZleba dadastur-des ̀ oficialuri oqmiT~ (aqceptebs an gadaxdaze ua-

513


ris protestiT) (~Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-nonis 38-e muxli).

muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiTsaqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma

mosarCeles SeuZlia mopasuxis TanxmobisgareSe uari Tqvas am TavSi Camoyalibebu-li wesebis mixedviT saqmis ganxilvaze amsaqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde. aseT SemT-xvevaSi saqme ganixileba saerTo wesiT.

_ gadawyvetilebas Tamasuqis (Cekis) Taobaze aRZ-ruli sarCelis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sesa-xeb iRebs uSualod mosarCele. amisaTvis mas ar sWir-deba arc mopasuxis da arc mosamarTlis Tanxmoba. mTa-varia mxolod is, rom man daicvas am wesiT sarCelisaRZvrisa da misi warmoebis kanoniT dadgenili wesebi.

_ mosarCeles aseve SeuZlia uSualod da calmxrivaduari Tqvas gamartivebuli wesiT sarCelis ganxilvaze amsaqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde, e. i. gadawyvetilebisgamotanamde, ufro zustad, gadawyvetilebis gamosata-nad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde.

_ Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva gamartivebuli wesiTsaqmis ganxilvaze, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba ga-martivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Sewyvetisa da amsaqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.

_ aseTi ganCinebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlomunda moamzados saqmis ganxilva ssk me-200-207-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT, xolo momzadebis damTavre-bis Semdeg daniSnos sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma.

muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa daSegebebuli sarCelebis aRZvrisdauSvebloba

ar SeiZleba Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli


514

sarCelebis SeerTeba sxva pretenziebis ga-mo aRZrul sarCelebTan. dauSvebelia ag-reTve Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvra.

_ sarCelebis Tu sxva iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTiane-ba, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli TamasuqTan, rasaciTvaliswinebs da uSvebs ssk 182-e muxli, agreTve Se-gebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rasac iTvaliswinebs 188-emuxli, Tamasuqis saqmeebis gamartivebuli wesiT gan-xilvisas _ dauSvebelia.

muxli 299. sasamarTlogadawyvetilebebis daTqma

1. mopasuxes, romelic uaryofs mis wina-aRmdeg wamoyenebul moTxovnas, yvela Sem-TxvevaSi mas Semdeg, rac gadawyvetilebagamotanili iqneba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmisdamatebiTi warmoeba Tavisi uflebebis gan-xorcielebis mizniT.2. gadawyvetileba mopasuxis uflebebis

SenarCunebiT saboloo gadawyvetilebad iT-vleba gasaCivrebisa da iZulebiTi aRsru-lebis TvalsazrisiT.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uflebas aZlevs mopa-suxes moiTxovos saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba, Tu Tv-lis, rom misi uflebebi Seilaxa an ver ganxorcieldasaqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis gamo.

aseTi moTxovna mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos Ta-visi werilobiTi SesagebliT (protestiT), romelicwarmoadgens saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis safuZvels.

_ saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlosgamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setanaar SeiZleba.

2. mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli (protesti) imismoTxovniT, rom Catardes saqmeze damatebiTi warmoe-

515


ba, ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Ses-vlas da aRsrulebas.

_ Tu mopasuxem moiTxova ara damatebiTi warmoeba,aramed Semoitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, ma-Sin gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla da aRs-ruleba warmoebs ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva gadawy-vetilebisa (264-e muxli).

muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTiwarmoeba

1. Tu mopasuxes SenarCunebuli aqvs Ta-visi uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblo-ba, dava rCeba sasamarTlo warmoebis sfe-roSi.2. Tu saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis dros

gamovlindeba, rom mosarCelis moTxovna usa-fuZvlo iyo, gadawyvetileba, romelic mi-Rebulia am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wese-bis dacviT, uqmdeba; mosarCeles uari un-da eTqvas Tavisi moTxovnis dakmayofile-baze da sasamarTlo xarjebic Sesabamisadunda ganawildes. mosarCeles evaleba imzaralis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mo-pasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis an ase-Ti aRsrulebisaTvis xelisSemSleli qmede-bis Sedegad. mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenoszaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna davis sa-samarTlo ganxilvis procesSi.

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo akmayofi-lebs mopasuxis Txovnas saqmis damatebiTi warmoebisSesaxeb, maSin sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme daCaataros aseTi damatebiTi saproceso moqmedebebi.

2. damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves,rom saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sedegad mi-Rebuli da mopasuxis mier gaprotestebuli gadawyve-


516

tileba arsebiTad sworia. maSin sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Se-saxeb.

_ damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkvesagreTve, rom gadawyvetileba arasworia, radgan am ga-dawyvetilebiT dakmayofilda mosarCelis usafuZvlomoTxovna, maSin saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebulgadawyvetilebas auqmebs misi gamomtani sasamarTloda Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars eubneba mosarCelesmisi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze.

_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas ukavSirdeba Sem-degi Sedegebi:

a) sasamarTlo xarjebi daekisreba mosarCeles (53-emuxlis pirveli nawili);

b) moxdeba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba(Tu igi aRsrulebuli iyo);

g) mosarCeles daekisreba im zianis anazRaureba, ro-melic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT;

d) mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos zianis anazRaure-bis moTxovna saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis procesSi.

muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZrulisaqmeebis warmoeba

Tu moTxovnebi wamoyenebulia Cekis Sesa-xeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabami-sad, gamoyenebul unda iqnes Tamasuqis Ta-obaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoebis wesi.

_ Ceki _ es aris dadgenili formis fasiani qaRaldi,romelic Seicavs Cekis gamcemis werilobiT davalebassabanko dawesebulebisadmi, gaanaRdos CekSi aRniSnu-li Tanxa.

_ 1995 wlis 19 aprils miRebuli iqna saqarTveloskanoni ̀ Cekis Sesaxeb~, romelic awesrigebs Cekis gace-mis, moqmedebis, indosirebis, Tavdebobis, gadaxdisa

517


da aqedan gamodinare Sedegebis, agreTve masTan da-kavSirebuli pretenziebis wardgenis wess.43

imis gasarkvevad, wamoyenebulia Tu ara moTxovnaam kanonis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRva-nelos zemoT dasaxelebuli saqarTvelos kanoniT ̀ Ce-kis Sesaxeb~. am kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvisas ki sa-samarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos im wesebiT, romle-bic dadgenilia Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli sarCele-bis ganxilvisaTvis.

43 saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni III, iuridiuli dasagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps, Tb.,1996, gv.188


518

T a v i XXXIV

davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmisganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi

muxli 302. dasaSveboba

1. am TavSi Camoyalibebuli gamartivebu-li wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moT-xovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davali-anebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb.2. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saq-

mis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi ar daiS-veba, Tu:a) moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebulia

jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadax-daze;b) brZaneba davalianebis gadaxdevinebis

Sesaxeb mxares unda ecnobos sajaro (ofi-cialuri) gamocxadebis gziT.

1. davalianebis amoRebis Sesaxeb saqmis gamartive-buli wesiT warmoebis pirveli etapi iwyeba gancxade-bis dasaSvebobis SemowmebiT. aseTi Semowmebis mizniTsasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara aseTiwarmoebisaTvis dasaSvebobis pirobebi.

es pirobebia:1) moiTxovs Tu ara ganmcxadebeli fuladi Tanxis

gadaxdevinebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu ganmcxadebelimoiTxovs ara fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevinebas, aramedmopasuxisagan raime nivTis gadacemas, raime samuSaosSesrulebas da a. S. maSin gamartivebuli warmoeba amTaviT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebiT ar daiSveba.

2) xom ar aris moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebuliganmcxadeblis mxriv jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasu-xo gadaxdaze. es imas niSnavs, rom davalianebis gadax-devinebis valdebuleba mopasuxis mimarT warmoiSoba

519


mas Semdeg, roca ganmcxadebeli Seasrulebs Tavis val-debulebas mis mimarT. sailustraciod SeiZleba miu-TiToT samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlze, romlis Ta-naxmad piri, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ormxrivixelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia uari Tqvasvaldebulebis Sesrulebaze `sapasuxo moqmedebisganxorcielebamde~.44

3) xom ar aris imis aucilebloba, rom gadaxdis brZa-neba ecnobos mopasuxes sajaro gamocxadebis gziT. esimas niSnavs, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ver aRsruldeba,Tu ar aris cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli (ix.78-e muxlis komentari).

4) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba gadaxdis brZanebismiRebis Sesaxeb ssk 303-e muxlis moTxovnebs (ix. am mux-lis komentari).

_ Tu ar arsebobs gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesa-xeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba, sasa-marTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba gancxadebis (ga-daxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (305-emuxli).

muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebisgadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb

1. davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebisSesaxeb gancxadeba, romelic saqmis gamar-tivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvelia, miz-nad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier da-valianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb brZane-bis miRebas (gadaxdis brZaneba).2. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis val-

debulebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes:a) mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis

dasaxelebas;

44 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,Tb., 2001 w., gv.298.


520

b) sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSicSeaqvT gancxadeba;g) monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli

ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidangamomdinare moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli;d) wamoyenebuli pretenziis dasabuTe-

bas. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli mtkicebu-lebis Sesabamisi dokumentebi damowmebu-li saxiT unda iqnes warmodgenili;e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom aRZruli

moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxa-deblis mxriv raime sapasuxo (sanacvlo)valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mi-er aseTi valdebulebis Sesruleba ukveganxorcielda;v) ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis

xelmoweras.

1. gadaxdis brZaneba sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRosmxolod da mxolod ganmcxadeblis TxovniT da es Txov-na naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos Camoyalibebuli gan-cxadebaSi.

_ sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia sasarCelo gancxadebissaxiT aRZruli moTxovna mopasuxeze fuladi Tanxisgadaxdis valdebulebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, gadazar-dos gamartivebul warmoebaSi da gadawyvetilebis nac-vlad gamoitanos gadaxdis brZaneba.

2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs davaliane-bis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarss. Tugancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo vermiiRebs aseT gancxadebas.

_ garda im saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac undaSeicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yovelgvarigancxadeba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb ganc-xadeba unda Seicavdes mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-bel sxva monacemebsac.

aseTi monacemebia:

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1) romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebsemyareba ganmcxadeblis ZiriTadi moTxovna davalia-nebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu wamoyene-bulia damatebiTi moTxovnebi ZiriTadTan erTad, ma-Sin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos romel faqtob-riv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvels emyareba es damate-biTi moTxovna. magaliTad, procenti, romelic kano-nis an xelSekrulebis ZaliT unda gadaixados movalem(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 384-e muxli), iqneba damatebiTimoTxovna.

2) ra mtkicebulebebs emyareba ganmcxadeblis moT-xovna, romlebic damowmebuli saxiT aucileblad un-da erTvodes gancxadebas gadaxdis brZanebis miRe-bis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia mxolod saTanadod gaforme-buli werilobiTi dokumentebi.

magaliTad, Tu ZiriTadi valdebuleba emyareba ses-xis xelSekrulebas, gancxadebas unda erTvodes esxelSekruleba, aseve, Tu damatebiTi valdebuleba (ma-galiTad, procentebis saxiT) emyareba mxareTa SorisSeTanxmebas, es SeTanxmeba werilobiTi saxiT unda iyoswarmodgenili.

3) miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris da-mokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sanacvlo val-debulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valde-buleba ukve Sesrulebulia.

magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 406-e muxlis Ta-naxmad, Tu ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movales uflebaaqvs uari Tqvas misTvis dakisrebul valdebulebaze,xolo garemoeba, romelic mas aZlevs amis uflebas, ga-mowveulia kreditoris braliT, maSin igi inarCunebssapasuxo Sesrulebis uflebas,45 aqedan gamomdinare,Tu movale inarCunebs kreditorisagan sapasuxo Ses-rulebis miRebis uflebas, am kreditors ar SeuZliamoiTxovos gadaxdis brZanebis miReba.

45 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,Tb., 2001w., gv.446


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saqmes gamartivebuli wesiT davalianebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamar-Tlo mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-xedviT.

_ gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebazevrceldeba gansjadobis saerTo wesebi da igi SeiZle-ba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mxolod mopasuxis sac-xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

muxli 305. davalianebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebismiRebaze uaris Tqma

1. sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars et-yvis ganmcxadebels davalianebis gadaxde-vinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze, Tu:a) igi ar upasuxebs am Tavis 302-303-e

muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs;b) gancxdebaSi Camoyalibebuli moTxov-

nis safuZveli (303-e muxlis `d~ qvepunq-ti), ver asabuTebs am moTxovnas.2. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia am muxlis

pirveli nawilis „„a“„ qvepunqtiT gaTval-iswinebul SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels dauniS-nos vada gancxadebaSi an TandarTulmasalebSi arsebuli xarvezis Sesavsebad.

1. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiskanonis Sesabamisad Camouyalibeblobas ukavSirdebaseriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi: sasamarTlom ar undamiiRos aseTi gancxadeba gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebacmas gamoaqvs ganCineba ̀ davalianebis gadaxdevinebisSesaxeb gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.

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a) am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli,ris gamoc uari eTqva ganmcxadebels gancxadebis mi-Rebaze, radgan igi ar Seicavs `monacemebs imis Sesa-xeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebule-bidan gamomdinareoben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebi~(ssk-is 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ̀ g~ qvepunqti).

b) gancxadebaSi moTxovnis faqtobriv safuZvelzemiTiTeba ar kmara. es safuZveli, jer erTi, _ iuridi-ulad unda amarTlebdes moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni am faq-tobriv garemoebebs unda ukavSirebdes im Sedegs, ri-si dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels da meore, _ gancxa-debas Tan unda erTvodes saTanadod gaformebuli do-kumenturi mtkicebulebebi.

ganCinebaSi, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebelsgancxadebis miRebaze, zemoT aRniSnuli motiviT, mi-TiTebuli unda iyos amis Sesaxeb.

2. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadebadavalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs 302-303-e muxlebis moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZliadauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad.

ganCinebaSi xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuliunda iyos konkretulad ra xarvezi aqvs gancxadebasda misi droulad (daniSnul vadaSi) SeuvseblobisSedegebze. Tu xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli daniSnulvadaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic ar gasa-Civrdeba, uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebismiRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels ubrundebamis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.

muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba

1. gadaxdis brZaneba, garda 303-e muxlisme-2 nawilis `a~-`e~ qvepunqtebiT gaTva-liswinebuli monacemebisa, unda Seicavdes:a) miTiTebas, rom sasamarTlos ar Seu-

mowmebia, aqvs Tu ara ganmcxadebels aRZ-ruli moTxovnis ufleba;


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b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarT-los mier gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10dRis ganmavlobaSi gadaixados (dafaros)vali procentebianad da xarjebianad, Tu-ki mopasuxe aRZrul pretenzias marTebu-lad (dasabuTebulad) miiCnevs, anda Semo-itanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesage-beli, Tu mopasuxe mis mimarT aRZrul moT-xovnas umarTebulod (dausabuTeblad) mi-iCnevs.g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom gadaxdis

brZanebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis ga-icema saaRsrulebo furceli, Tu mopasuxevadis gasvlamde ar warmoadgens Tavis Se-sagebels.2. gadaxdis brZaneba mopasuxes gadaecema

sasamarTlos iniciativiT.3. sasamarTlo atyobinebs ganmcxadebels

agreTve gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvisgadacemis Sesaxeb.

1. es muxli gansazRvravs gadaxdis brZanebis Sina-arss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, kerZod:

_ sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac es brZanebamiiRo;

_ mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxele-bas;

_ miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi dadamatebiTi valdebulebidan wamoyenebuli moTxovne-bi daakmayofila sasamarTlom.

_ romel werilobiT masalebs daemyara sasamarTlo(ix. ssk 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).

a) gadaxdis brZanebis miReba warmoebs mopasuxisSetyobinebis gareSe. amitom, im werilobiTi masalebisSemowmeba, romlebic Tan erTvis gancxadebas, maTi ut-yuarobis TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia.

_ am punqtSi gamoyenebul cnebaSi _ ̀ moTxovnis uf-

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leba~ _ igulisxmeba moTxovnis dakmayofilebis ufle-ba, e. i. moTxovnis ufleba materialur-samarTlebriviTvalsazrisiT. moTxovnis dakmayofilebis uflebisSesaxeb daskvnas ki sasamarTlo akeTebs mxolod ganm-cxadeblis mier gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli monaceme-biT, magram imis Seumowmeblad, Tu ramdenad asaxavs esmonacemebi sinamdviles.

b) samagierod mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZleblo-ba am punqtiT gansazRvrul vadaSi an cnos ganmcxadeb-lis moTxovna dasabuTebulad da marTebulad, anda Se-itanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mo-pasuxe ar cnobs ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas, miiCnevs ammoTxovnas umarTebulod da dausabuTeblad.

mopasuxis am uflebaze (SesaZleblobaze) miTiTe-buli unda iyos gadaxdis brZanebaSi.

2. vinaidan mopasuxe SeiZleba saerTod arc ki iyosinformirebuli gadaxdis brZanebis miRebaze, sasamar-Tlo valdebulia Tavisi iniciativiT gadasces mopa-suxes gadaxdis brZaneba.

_ gadaxdis brZaneba unda Cabardes uSualod mo-pasuxes. magram, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli uc-nobia, maSin gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba saerToddauSvebelia (78-e da 302-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti).

3. sasamarTlo aseve Tavisi iniciativiT atyobinebsganmcxadebels gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis ga-dacemis Sesaxeb. aseTi Setyobinebis mniSvneloba mdgo-mareobs, jer erTi, imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxe cnobs ga-daxdis brZanebas, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos misi aRsru-leba da, meore _ Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs gadaxdis brZa-nebas da Semoitans Sesagebels, ganmcxadebels SeuZ-lia moiTxovos saqmis sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva (308-emuxli).

muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli(protesti)

mopasuxes SeuZlia ar cnos gadaxdis Sesa-


526

xeb brZaneba mTlianad an nawilobriv daSeitanos mis winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Se-sagebeli (protesti) sasamarTloSi, romelmacmiiRo es brZaneba, gadaxdis brZanebis mi-Rebidan 10 dRis vadaSi. mopasuxes SeuZliagaaprotestos gadaxdis Sesaxeb brZanebaim SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebisvadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda.

_ gadaxdis brZaneba miiReba mopasuxis gareSe, mag-ram mas unarCundeba sruli SesaZlebloba daicvas Ta-visi ufleba, Tu igi am uflebas darRveulad miiCnevs.kerZod, mas SeuZlia Seitanos Sesagebeli (protesti),romelic, ise rogorc yoveli sxva Sesagebeli, motivi-rebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Turatom ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas. es imas niSnavs, romumotivo (SiSveli) Sesagebeli, rom mopasuxe ar cnobsgadaxdis brZanebas, ar kmara.

_ Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vadis aTvla undadaiwyos im dRidan, roca mopasuxes gadaeca gadaxdisbrZaneba. mopasuxisaTvis gadaxdis brZanebis Cabare-bis Sesaxeb sruli informacia unda iyos saqmeSi.

_ Tu mopasuxem gauSva Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRia-ni vada, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom (65-emuxli), oRond mopasuxem unda daumtkicos sasamarT-los, rom vadis gaSveba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mi-zeziT. vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.

muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davissasarCelo warmoebis wesiT

1. Tu mopasuxe droulad Seitans TavisSesagebels sasamarTloSi, davalianebis ga-daxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna gan-xilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes sasar-Celo warmoebis saerTo wesiT. saqme sasa-

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marTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadax-dis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan.2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmis zepiri

ganxilvis daniSvnamde am saqmis momzadebismizniT miiRos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswine-buli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris daavalosmxareebs warmoadginon werilobiTi doku-mentebi da ganmartebebi.

_ Sesageblis droulad Setanas SeiZleba moyves ga-daxdis brZanebis gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCe-lo wesiT ganxilva, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamo-aqvs ganCineba, romelSic sxva garemoebebTan erTad mi-TiTebuli unda iyos, rom ̀ davalianebis gadaxdevine-bis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyve-til iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT~.

_ sasarCelo wesiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis saWiro araanacvlad gancxadebisa, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Se-saxeb ganmcxadebelma Semoitanos sarCeli. sasamarT-lo saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganixilavs ̀ davalianebisgadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT aRZrul moTxov-nas~.

am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saqme sasamarT-lo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis ga-dacemis momentidan, magram am saqmis sasarCelo war-moebis wesiT ganxilvis dawyebis vadis aTvla unda dai-wyos im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba amsaqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.

2. gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebisgamartivebuli wesiT ganxilva arsebiTad gansxvavde-ba saqmis sasarCelo wesiT warmoebisagan, amitom am gan-cxadebis (moTxovnis) saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxil-va aucileblad gulisxmobs saqmis winaswar momzade-bas dadgenili wesiT (200-209-e muxlebi).


528

muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebisaRsruleba

Tu mopasuxe droulad ar Seitans sasa-marTloSi Sesagebels (protests) gadaxdisSesaxeb miRebuli brZanebis winaaRmdeg,sasamarTlo ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobissafuZvelze gascems saaRsrulebo furcels,ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mopasuxes.

mopasuxes SeuZlia gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10dRis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gadaxdis brZanebiswinaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) (307-e muxli). Tu Sesagebeli am vadaSi ar iqneba SetanilisasamarTlos SeuZlia gasces saaRsrulebo furceli.

mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom gadax-dis brZanebis gaprotesteba SesaZlebelia im SemTx-vevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis vada mopasuxem gauS-va sapatio mizeziT, rac man sarwmunod unda daadas-turos (307-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosSeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros gadaxdis brZanebis aR-sruleba.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, did mniSvnelobas iZens 309-e muxlis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom saaRsrulebo fur-clis gacema sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT undaSeatyobinos mopasuxes.

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T a v i XXXIVI

lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSilizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis

ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi

winaswari SeniSvna: am Tavis damateba, romelic gan-xorcielda 2002 wlis 7 maisis kanoniT46 da romelicexeba mxolod lizingis sagnis dabrunebas gamartive-buli wesiT, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT moulodneliiyo. saqme isaa, rom, jer erTi, saqarTvelos samoqala-qo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, gamartivebuli we-siT da sasamarTlos brZanebis miRebis gziT SeiZle-boda ganxiluliyo mxolod moTxovnebi garkveuli fu-ladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;

meore, Tu raime aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli li-zingis sagnis gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlosbrZanebiT dabruneba, maSin es SeiZleboda momxdari-yo Sesabamisi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis SetaniTssk XXXIV TavSi, romelic SeiZleboda gafarTovebuli-yo ise, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo gamartivebuli we-siT ara mxolod fuladi moTxovnebis, aramed moZravinivTebis (da ara mxolod lizingis sagnis) dabrunebisSesaxeb moTxovnebis ganxilva.

gvrCeba imedi, rom momavalSi praqtikis ganzogade-bis safuZvelze kvlav ganxorcieldeba aRniSnuli mux-lebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT dazusteba _ dakonkrete-ba im principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebzecagebulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.

muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba

am TaviT dadgenili gamartivebuli we-siT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebilizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi li-zingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze.

46 saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne I. 2002, #13, muxli 50.


530

_ es muxli gansazRvravs gancxadebis dasaSvebobismxolod erT pirobas _ am gancxadebis moTxovnis saga-ni unda iyos lizingis sagani, romelic imyofeba li-zingis mimRebTan. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (miRebis)sxva pirobebi Camoyalibebulia momdevno muxlebSi.

muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingissagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSilizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze

1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemismflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrune-bis Taobaze, romelic warmoadgens saqmisgamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvels,miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mierlizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi li-zingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebismiRebas.2. gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis

mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrune-bis Taobaze, romelsac Tan unda axldessaxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasture-beli qviTari, aRniSnuli unda iyos Semde-gi monacemebi:a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba;b) mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebis

dasaxelebebi;g) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna;d) valdebuleba, romlis safuZvelzec wa-

yenebulia moTxovna;e) wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebe-

li mtkicebuleba.3. mosamarTle gancxadebas lizingis sag-

nis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sag-nis dabrunebis Taobaze ganixilavs sasa-marTloSi misi Setanidan 3 dReSi.

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1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxebmxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gamar-tivebuli wesiT, anu XXXIV1 TaviT dadgenili wesiT, Tuganmcxadebeli moiTxovs, rom lizingis sagani mas da-ubrunos sasamarTlom mis mier miRebuli brZanebis sa-fuZvelze.

2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs gancxade-bis Sinaarss, romelic garda yvela sxva gancxadebisrekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes: a) im sagnis dasaxele-bas (aRweras), romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebismflobelobaSi da romlis dabrunebasac ganmcxadebe-li moiTxovs; b) miTiTebas, Tu romeli valdebulebiT(xelSekrulebiT) gadaeca lizingis mimRebs sagani,romlis dabrunebasac lizingis gamcemi moiTxovs; g)miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, rom-lebic adastureben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas. cxadia,rom am mtkicebulebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSv-neloba eniWeba lizingis xelSekrulebas, romelic sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 577-e muxlis, Tanaxmad werilobi-Ti formiT ideba.

marTalia, am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad ganc-xadebaSi ̀ aRniSnuli unda iyos~ wayenebuli moTxov-nis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi, radgan praqti-kulad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis warmodgenisgareSe sadavo sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis mi-Reba. amitom, es mtkicebulebebi, sinamdvileSi, undaerTvodes gancxadebas, miT umetes, rom brZanebis mi-Rebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos umoklesvadaSi (3095-e muxli).

3. am muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs gancxade-bis ganxilvis vadas. es vada aris 3 dRe da misi aTvlaiwyeba ara gancxadebis Semotanis dRidan, aramed misiwarmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (3094-e muxli).

muxli 309 3. gansjadoba

gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflo-


532

belobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Ta-obaze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba saqarTve-los samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dad-genili wesiT.

_ ssk me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSek-rulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos wa-redgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an imadgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesru-lebuliyo.

_ xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdi-nare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba isadgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswine-buli. magram, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRv-ruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebiTiurTierTobis arsiT (ix. ssk-is me-16 muxlis me-2 nawi-lis komentari).

muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemismflobelobaSi lizingis sagnisdabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebisumoZraod datoveba

1. Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom ganc-xadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobe-lobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Tao-baze ar akmayofilebs 3092 muxlis moT-xovnebs, igi gamoitans ganCinebas arsebulixarvezis Sesaxeb da ganmcxadebels miscemsvadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli gan-sazRvrul vadaSi Seavsebs ganCinebaSi mi-TiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitansganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebisSesaxeb. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mosamarT-le gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs da gan-mcxadebels daubrunebs.2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis

533


gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-runebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod da-tovebisa da misi ganmcxadeblisaTvis dab-runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivrisSetana.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac lizingis sagnis dabru-nebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar pasuxobs wayenebul moT-xovnebs, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba xar-vezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu am ganCinebiT daniS-nul vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlogamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis umoZraod dato-vebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebebis miReba da gasaCivrebawarmoebs ssk 185-e muxliT sarCelebis umoZraod da-tovebisaTvis dadgenili wesebis msgavsad. amitom,185-e muxlis komentari mTlianad vrceldeba am mux-lzec.

muxli 309 5. lizingis sagnis gamcemismflobelobaSi lizingis sagnisdabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebismiRebaze uaris Tqma

1. Tu gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gam-cemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-runebis Taobaze 3092 muxlis me-2 nawilis`e~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad aRniSnuli moT-xovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba verasabuTebs wayenebul moTxovnas, sasamarT-los gamoaqvs ganCineba lizingis sagnis gam-cemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-runebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua-ris Tqmis Sesaxeb.2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis

gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-runebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua-


534

ris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivrisSetana.

1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs mxolod erTi saxis brZane-ba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Se-saxeb. magram Tu gancxadebaze TandarTuli mtkicebu-lebebi ver asabuTeben moTxovnas, sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs ganCineba gancxadebis miRebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb.

2. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 309 6. lizingis sagnis gamcemismflobelobaSi lizingis sagnisdabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba

lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSilizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZa-nebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos, rom brZanebaeqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas damisi gasaCivrebis wesi da vada.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadebis ganmxilve-li sasamarTlos rwmeniT mtkicebulebebi, romlebicTan erTvis gancxadebas, adastureben moTxovnas, masgamoaqvs brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaT-vis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es brZaneba, am muxlis danawe-sis mixedviT, eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bas, Tumca dasaSvebia misi gasaCivreba.

muxli 309 7. lizingis sagnis gamcemismflobelobaSi lizingis sagnisdabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebisgasaCivreba

sasamarTlos brZanebaze lizingis sagnisgamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-

535


runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivrisSetana. amasTan, es ver SeaCerebs brZanebisaRsrulebas.

_ kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs brZanebis aR-srulebas, ise rogorc saapelacio saCivris Setana verSeaCerebs dauyonebliv aRsrulebaze wardgenili ga-dawyvetilebis aRsrulebas (375-e muxlis me-2 nawili).magram saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tues saWirod miaCnia, droebiT SeaCeros brZanebis aRs-ruleba (418-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlobrZanebaze Setanili kerZo saCivari ganixileba 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.


536

kari meeqvse

udavo warmoeba

T a v i XXXV

zogadi debulebani

muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavowarmoebis wesiT gansaxilvelisaqmeebi

udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo gani-xilavs saqmeebs:a) iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqte-

bis dadgenis Sesaxeb;b) moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad

aRiarebisa da moqalaqis gardacvlilad ga-mocxadebis Sesaxeb;g) moqalaqis qmeduunarod da SezRudul

qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb;d) dakargul sawarmdgenlo fasian qa-

Raldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uf-lebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb (gamowveviTi war-moeba);e) qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb;v) amoRebuliaz) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb.

_ arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac pirs aqvs esaTu is ufleba, magram ver axorcielebs am uflebas,radgan faqti, romlis safuZvelzec es ufleba warmo-iSoba, ar aris naTlad da garkveviT warmodgenili dasaWiroebs dadgena-dadasturebas.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi faqtis dadgena, gar-kveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis gamo, ver

537


xerxdeba sxva gziT, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarT-los udavo warmoebis wesiT faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb(ssk-is 313-315-e muxlebi).

udavo warmoebis wesiT SeiZleba dadgindes faqtisarseboba an ararseboba, magram ara am faqtis samarT-lebrivi Sedegi, e. i. Tu ra Sedegs ukavSirebs udavowarmoebis wesiT dadgenil faqts kanoni.

_ es muxli Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa amomwuravCamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawy-vetil iqnes udavo warmoebis wesiT.

_ udavo warmoeba aris erTmxariani (erTpiriani) war-moeba, radgan erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, moiTxovsmxolod faqtis dadgenas, raime garemoebis aRiarebasan registracias da ar ayenebs meore mxaris, an nebismi-eri sxva piris mimarT raime moTxovnas.

muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiTsaqmeTa ganxilva

1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasa-marTlo ganixilavs am kodeqsiT dadgeniliwesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da damatebebisgaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswineb-ulia XXXV-XLI I TavebiT. udavo warmoe-bis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTloiwvevs am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebulpirebs.2. Tu udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis gan-

xilvisas aRiZvris dava iseTi uflebebisSesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlos uwyebri-vad eqvemdebareba, sasamarTlo gancxadebasganuxilvelad datovebs da dainteresebulpirebs ganumartavs, rom maT ufleba aqvTwarmoadginon sarCeli saerTo safuZvelze.

1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvis drosaris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, ker-


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Zod, mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi, Tanamonawi-leebi. amitom, am pirebis procesSi monawileobiT gan-pirobebuli saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi ar aris saWiroda arc gamoiyeneba udavo warmoebis dros, sxva mxriv,udavo warmoebis saqmeebi ganixileba ssk-iT dadgeni-li wesebis dacviT, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac amkodeqsis meeqvse kariTaa dadgenili.

- rogorc savsebiT sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam udavo warmoeb-is wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas sasamarTlom unda acno-bos savaraudod dainteresebul yvela pirs, raTa Sesa-Zlebloba mieceT maT monawileoba miiRon saqmis ganx-ilvaSi da droulad ganaxorcielon 311-e muxlis me-ore nawiliT miniWebuli ufleba - moiTxovon saqmissaerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iuridiuli faqtis dadge-nis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma p irebma gaiges sasamarT-los mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maTufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapela-cio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTosasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rode-sac es gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dain-teresebul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadaw-yvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cno-bis Sesaxeb47.

2. Tu saqmis udavo warmoebis dros aRiZvreba dava,sasamarTlo ukve veRar ganixilvs am saqmes udavo war-moebis w esiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesax-eb, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom dainterese-

47 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis 2002 wlis 4noembris ganCineba, agreTve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlossamoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 wlis13 ivnisis ganCineba. es ganCineba da maTi komentari ix.T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali.„saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-los praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebisdadgenis Sesaxeb“ Tb. 2003.

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bul pirebs SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli saerTo wesisdacviT.

sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo amowmebsmisi miRebis yvela pirobas (177-e-186-e muxlebi). mxed-velobaSia misaRebi rom udavo warmoebis wesiT gancx-adebis gansjadoba SeiZleba ar daemTxves uflebisdacvis Sesaxeb aRZruli sarCelis gansjadobas, ma-gram es arafers ar cvlis: sarCeli unda aRiZrasgansjadobis wesebis dacviT.


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T a v i XXXVI

iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebisdadgena

muxli 312. sasamarTlos miergansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiulimniSvnelobis mqone faqtebisdadgenis Sesaxeb

1. sasamarTlo adgens faqtebs, romleb-zedac damokidebulia moqalaqeTa da or-ganizaciaTa piradi an qonebrivi uflebe-bis warmoSoba, Secvla an mospoba, Tu Seu-Zlebelia maTi dadgena Sesabamisi adminis-traciuli organos mier.2. sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs:a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiris dadgenis Se-

saxeb;b) piris kmayofaze yofnis faqtis dadge-

nis Sesaxeb;g) dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis,

ganqorwinebisa da gardacvalebis regist-raciis faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb;d) uflebis damdgeni sabuTis im pirisad-

mi kuTvnilebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,romlis saxeli, mamis saxeli an gvari, racsabuTebSia aRniSnuli, ar emTxveva mis pas-portSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnulsaxels, mamis saxels an gvars;e) amoRebuliav) amoRebuliaz) piris garkveul drosa da garkveul

viTarebaSi gardacvalebis faqtis dadge-nis Sesaxeb, Tu saqarTvelos iusticiissaministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semava-li sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirma -

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samoqalaqo reestris saagentom uari ga-nacxada dabadebis an gardacvalebis faq-tis registraciaze;T) memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memk-

vidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesa-xeb;i) amoRebulia

1. iuridiuli faqtebi, es iseTi faqtebia, romleb-sac kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul iuridiul Sedegs. aqe-dan gamomdinare, Tu faqts, romlis dadgenac surs gan-mcxadebels, ar ukavSirdeba raime iuridiuli Sedegi,sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilve-lad.

_ faqts SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes raime iuridiu-li Sedegi da amitom aseTi faqti iuridiuli faqtia,magram imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadebaam faqtis dadgenis mizniT, es araa sakmarisi. amisaT-vis saWiroa, rom dasadgen faqts ukavSirdebodes swo-red is Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxade-bels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ar unda mi-iRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e muxli).

imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba gan-saxilvelad mas unda erTvodes agreTve Sesabamisiadministraciuli organos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom amfaqtis dadgena SeuZlebelia ama Tu im mizezis gamo(ix. 313-e muxlis komentari).

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im iuridiuli faq-tebis CamonaTvals, romlebic SeuZlia daadginos sa-samarTlom udavo warmoebis wesiT. es faqtebia:

a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiri. naTesaur kavSirs, maga-liTad, Svilobis, SviliSvilobis, mSoblobis da a.S.faqts aqvs iuridiuli mniSvneloba, radgan ukavSir-deba iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, memkvidreoba, rCe-nis movaleoba da sxva. ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTosgancxadebaSi iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tura miznisaTvis sWirdeba mas am faqtis dadgena. Tu aR-


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moCndeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda naTesauri kavSi-ris dadgena iseTi miznisaTvis, romlisTvisac am faqtsara aqvs raime mniSvneloba (magaliTad, binebis gadac-vlisaTvis, Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis, samecnieroxarisxis miniWebisaTvis da a. S.), maSin sasamarTlom arunda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-emuxli).

b) kmayofaze yofnis faqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSiSeiZleba daadginos sasamarTlom, rodesac am faqtskanoni ukavSirebs ganmcxadeblisaTvis sasurvel Se-degs. magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis Sem-TxvevaSi zianis mimyenebelma sarCos dawesebiT undaaunazRauros ziani im pirs, romlis rCenac dazarale-buls evaleboda (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1006-e muxli).

g) sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod da mxo-lod dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqor-winebis da gardacvalebis registraciis faqti, e. i. faq-ti imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadeba iyo registrirebuli, Svi-lad ayvana iyo registrirebuli, qorwineba iyo regis-trirebuli da a. S. magram arqivi (Canawerebi registra-ciis Sesaxeb) ganadgurda omianobis, xanZrisa Tu raimestiqiuri ubedurebis gamo.

gancxadeba am faqtebis dadasturebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu mas erTvis saxelmwifo reestris mwar-moebeli organodan (sarmo) cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom maTar SeuZliaT gascen Sesabamisi dokumentis dublikatiarqivis ganadgurebis gamo.

d) pirebi farTod sargebloben ama Tu im dokumen-tiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sromis wignaki, cnoba mu-Saobis Sesaxeb, ganaTlebis Tu samecniero xarisxis da-madasturebeli dokumenti da a. S. romlebsac aqvT iu-ridiuli mniSvneloba. zogjer am dokumentebSi miTi-Tebuli saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, ar emTxveva pas-portSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, ma-mis saxels an gvars.

amis mizezi SeiZleba mravali iyos, romelTa Soris

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yvelaze gavrcelebulia saxelis SemoklebiT aRniSv-na (magaliTad, goga giorgis nacvlad, leqso aleqsan-dres nacvlad da a. S.). zogjer moqalaqeebi icvlianTavianT gvars, magram ar cvlian dokuments da a.S.

arasworia praqtika, rodesac sasamarTloebi Tavi-anTi gadawyvetilebebiT adgenen ara dokumentis pi-risadmi kuTvnilebis faqts, rogorc es miTiTebuliaam punqtSi, aramed im pirTa igiveobis faqts, romle-bic sxvadasxvanairad arian moxseniebuli gadawyveti-lebaSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aR-niSnulia: ̀ Sromis wignakSi miTiTebuli gogi niJaraZeda pasportSi miTiTebuli giorgi niJaraZe _ erTi daigive piria~, an kidev ̀ n. b. qarazanaSvili da n. b. qarza-naSvili _ erTi da igive piria~. kanonis Sesabamisi iqne-ba aseTi formulireba gadawyvetilebaSi: ̀ Sromis wig-naki gacemuli 2000 wlis 15 ianvars gogi niJaraZis sa-xelze, ekuTvnis giorgi niJaraZes~, an kidev ̀ Tsu-s mi-er a. n. Sengelias saxelze 1955 wels gacemuli #5 dip-lomi, ekuTvnis a. n. Sengelaias~.

z) gancxadebas piris garkveul drosa da garkveulviTarebaSi dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis dad-genis Sesaxeb, Tan unda erTvodes samoqalaqo rees-tris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi uars am-bobs am faqtis registraciaze, agreTve mtkicebule-bebi, romlebic utyuarad adastureben piris garkve-ul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebisfaqts.

T) damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, memkvidre-obis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgi-lis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlomudavo warmoebis wesiT, Tu sanotaro organom uari uT-xra ganmcxadebels memkvidreobis miRebis uflebismowmobis gacemaze im motiviT, rom ganmcxadebels argaaCnia Sesabamisi dokumentebi, romlebic adasture-ben samkvidro qonebis faqtobriv mflobelobaSi mi-Rebis faqts, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xasia-Tisa da Sinaarsis qviTrebi, sabinao komunaluri mom-


544

saxurebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis qviTrebi, mezoble-bis werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. Tu aseTi do-kumentebi warudgina ganmcxadebelma notariuss, mag-ram man isini arasakmarisad CaTvala, maSin ganmcxade-bels SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sa-notaro moqmedebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis gamo.

iuridiuli faqtebis am muxlSi mocemuliCamonaTvali amomwuravia rac imas niSnavs, rom sxvafaqtebs sasamarTlo ver daadgens udavo warmoeb-is wesiT.

muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobismqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvisaucilebeli pirobebi

1. sasamarTlo iuridiuli mniSvnelobismqone faqtebs adgens mxolod am faqtebisdamadasturebeli sabuTebis sxva wesiT mi-Rebis an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenisSeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi.2. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqte-

bis damadasturebeli sabuTebis miRebis andakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZleblobaunda dasturdebodes Sesabamisi adminis-traciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuliadministraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRe-buli (gamocemuli) administraciuli aqtiT“.

1. iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebismiReba gansaxilvelad dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tusxva gziT am faqtis dadgena namdvilad SeuZlebelia imisgamo, rom Sesabamisi Canawerebi ganadgurda, xolo maTiaRdgena SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebo-bis faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis sxva wesiT miReb-is an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba, sasa-marTlom ar unda daadginos faqti, ar unda miiRosgancxadeba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb warmoebaSi.

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2. am muxlis me-2 nawilisa da 315-e muxlis analizisafuZvels iZleva daskvnisaTvis, rom damtkicebistvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. es imas niSnavs, romganmcxadebelma unda warudginos sasamarTlos mtkice-bulebebi (315-e muxli), romlebic Tan unda erTovdesgancxadebas faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb. am mtkicebule-bebs afasebs sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. TuaseTi Sefasebis Sedegad sasamarTlo miva im daskvnam-de, rom faqtis sxva wesiT dadgena marTlac SeuZlebe-lia, igi miiRebs da ganixilavs gancxadebas, winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebismiRebaze, xolo Tu es gancxadeba SecdomiT iqna miRe-buli warmoebaSi - datovebs mas ganuxilvelad.

gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens ammuxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi mtkicebulebaTa dasaS-vebobis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad „iuridiuli faqtisdamadasturebeli sabuTis miRebis an dakarguli sabu-Tis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba SeiZleba dadasturdesmxolod Sesabamisi administraciuli organos ad-ministraciuli aqtiT.

magaliTad, saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli or-ganos - samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesax-eb, rom qorwinebis registracia, romelic ganmcxadeb-lis gancxadebiT ganxorcielebula 1990 wels, ver iqne-ba dadasturebuli, radgan xanZris Sedegad, romelicam registraciis Semdeg (1993 w.) moxda ganadgurda yve-la Canaweri. amitom, sarmo-s, bunebrivia, ar SeuZlia daa-dasturos qorwinebis registraciis faqti.

amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis SeuZle-bloba rac am faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis war-moebaSi miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa, SeiZleba da-dasturdes ara yoveli saxis mtkicebulebiT, romel-sac icnobs ssk-si (127-176-e muxlebi), aramed mxolodwerilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da isic mxolod saTana-do administraciuli organos administraciuliaqtiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT praqtikul mniSvnelobas


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iZens Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos administraciulaqtad da administraciul warmoebad, romlis Sed-egad unda iqnes gamocemuli es administraciuli aqtida aris Tu ara misi mimRebi organo administraci-uli organo.

cxadia, rom rodesac gancxadebas iuridiuli faq-tis dadgenis Sesaxeb Tan erTvis administraciulifaqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb administraciuli aqti, sasa-marTlom unda Seamowmos da Seafasos samive es ele-menti.

administraciuli aqtis definicia mocemulia zog-adi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „d“ qve-punqtSi, romlis Tanaxmad administraciuli aqtiaris administraciuli organos mier administraci-uli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gamocemuli indi-vidualuri samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic awesebscvlis, wyvets an adasturebs piris an pirTaSezRuduli wris uflebebsa da movaleobebs.

administraciuli aqti miRebuli unda iqnes admin-istraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli adminis-traciuli warmoebis Sedegad. zogadi administraci-uli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „k“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmadadministraciuli warmoeba aris administraciuli or-ganos saqmianoba administraciul samarTlebrivi aq-tis momzadebis, gamocemisa da aRsrulebis mizniT.

administraciuli organos legaluri ganmartebamocemulia zogad administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 mux-lSi. am muxlis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad administraciu-li organo aris yvela saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi TviT-mmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo an dawesebule-ba, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, agreTve nebismierisxva piri, romelic kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze as-rulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas.

amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancx-adebaze TandarTuli administraciuli aqtis Semow-meba da Sefaseba sasamarTlos mxriv ar aris martivisaqme. sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aris Tu ara am aq-

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tis gamcemi organo administraciuli organo, miRebu-lia Tu ara es aqti administraciuli warmoebis Sede-gad da pasuxobs Tu ara igi kanonis moTxovnebs anu Sei-Zleba Tu ara CaiTvalos igi administraciul aqtad.

sasamarTloebma yovelTvis unda iqonion mxedvelo-baSi, rom udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloebs Seu-ZliaT daadginon dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwineb-is, gardacvalebis da a.S. registraciis faqti. magram,Tu registracia ar momxdara da, maSasadame, arc raimeCanawerebia amis Sesaxeb, maSin cxadia, rom sasamarTlover daadgens „registraciis faqts“, e.i. faqts, romel-sac ar hqonia adgili. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saTanadoadministraciuli organo, mis mier ganxorcielebuliadministraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli admin-istraciuli aqtiT adasturebs, rom Svilad ayvanis,qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da a.S. registracia ar ganx-orcielebula, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras ganm-cxadebels udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis miReba-ze da ganxilvaze: sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos, romadgili hqonda registraciis faqts, magram mas ar Seu-Zlia TviTon moaxdinos registracia.

bolos, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom administraciul-ma organom SeiZleba uari uTxras ganmcxadeblis Sesa-bamisi administraciuli aqtis gamocemaze, SeuZlia Tuara sasamarTlos ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobiT Tvi-Ton gamoiTxovs aseTi aqti?

Tu vixelmZRvanelebT ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawi-lis danawesiT Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver Se-Zles mtkicebulebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTlo-Si wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlosSeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi.

muxli 3131. administraciuliorganos pasuxismgebloba

Tu sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvisas daad-gens, rom administraciulma organom daus-


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abuTeblad uTxra ganmcxadebels uari iu-ridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dad-genaze an/da Tavi Seikava maTi dadgenisa-gan, sasamarTlo Sesabamisi reagirebisaTviswardginebas ugzavnis am administraciuliorganos xelmZRvanels, romelic valdebu-lia miRebuli vadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb erTiTvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos.

sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi, rogorc Cans, miu-TiTebs imaze, rom arc ise iSviaTad Sesabamisi orga-noebi aramarto srulad dausabuTeblad eubnebianuars moqalaqeebs iuridiuli faqtis dadgenaze,aramed piriqiT, ubiZgeben maT mimarT sasamarTlos.aseTi araswori praqtikis aRmofxvris mizniT es mux-li iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos movaleobas ward-ginebiT mimarTos administraciuli organos xelmZR-vanels Sesabamisi r eagirebisaTvis, Tavis mxriv, es xe-lmZRvaneli valdebulia wardginebis miRebidan erTiTvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos miRebuli gadaw-yvetilebis Sesaxeb.

muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana

gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqonefaqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSiSeitaneba mxolod am kodeqsis 312-e mux-lis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebulSemTxvevebSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeliadgilis mixedviT.

_ iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebisgansjadoba ganisazRvreba ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebe-li adgiliT, romelmac aseTi gancxadeba unda SeitanossasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.am muxlSi miTiTebuli 312-e muxlis pirveli nawilidakonkretebulia amave muxlis me-2 nawilSi, romelic

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amomwuravad gansazRvravs im faqtebis wres, romlebicSeiZleba dadgindes udavo warmoebis wesiT.

-iuridiuli faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSia miTiTe-buli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebicadastureben saTanado sabuTis aRebis an dakargulisabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas. amasTan erTad, esmtkicebulebebi warmodgenili unda iyos sasamarTlo-Si gancxadebasTan erTad (ssk-is 313-e muxli).

_ Tu gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesa-xeb ar pasuxobs am muxlis moTxovnebs, kerZod:

1) masSi araa miTiTebuli mizanze, risTvisac sWir-deba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli faqtis dadgena;

b) masSi araa miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebze, romle-bic adastureben faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTissxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis Se-uZleblobas;

g) gancxadebas ar erTvis (araa warmodgenili ganc-xadebasTan erTad) es mtkicebulebebi, kerZod saTana-do administraciuli organos administraciuli aqti_ maSin sasamarTlom unda misces vada ganmcxadebelsxarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sev-sebuli, sasamarTlo gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs(ssk-is 185-e muxli).

Tu gancxadebis xarvezi gamovlinda misi warmoeba-Si miRebis Semdeg, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas amgancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb ssk-is311-e muxlis me-2 nawilis analogiiT (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari).

muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizniTsWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli mniS-vnelobis faqtebis dadgena. gancxadebasTanerTad warmodgenili unda iyos mtkice-bulebebi, romlebic adasturebs ganmcxa-deblis mier saTanado sabuTebis miRebis


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an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZle-blobas am kodeqsis 313-e muxlis me-2nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnisdacviT.

_ gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasa-marTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri sxva gancxadeba,unda Seicavdes im mizanze naTlad da gasagebad miTiTe-bas, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiulifaqtis dadgena. es kanonis umniSvnelovanesi danawe-sia, rac imas niSnavs, rom faqti SeiZleba marTlac iyosiuridiuli im TvalsazrisiT, rom mas kanoni ukavSirebsgarkveul iuridiul Sedegs, magram ra miznisTvisacganmcxadebeli moiTxovs faqtis dadgenas, am faqtsaranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, anu faqts, romlis dad-genasac moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, ar ukavSirdeba isSedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels.

erT-erT saqmeze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-los didma palatam miuTiTa, rom gancxadebaSi im miza-nze miTiTeba, risTvisac ganmcxadebels am faqtis dad-gena sWirdeba, warmoadgens sasamarTlos mier gancxa-debis warmoebaSi miRebisa da ganxilvis erT-erT uci-lebel winapirobas“.48

muxli 316. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenisSesaxeb

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dad-genis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebul undaiqnes moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis regis-traciis organoSi an sxva organoSi, war-moadgens safuZvels aseTi registraciisa

48 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002. gv. 73

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da gaformebisaTvis, magram ver Secvlis amorganoebis mier gasacem dokumentebs49.

_ gadawyvetileba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesa-xeb unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rasac sasamarT-lo gadawyvetileba saerTod (249-e muxli). maT Soris,gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebule-bebze, romelTa safuZvelze sasamarTlom gaakeTa das-kvna faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, agreTve faq-tze, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad.

_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba iseTifaqtis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebuli unda iyosama Tu im organoSi, maSin gadawyvetileba warmoadgenssafuZvels aseTi registraciisaTvis da gaformebisaT-vis. magaliTad, Tu gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilia qor-winebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a. S. regist-raciis faqti, sarmo-m registracia unda gaukeTos amfaqts, radgan uSualod gadawyvetileba ver Secvlisgasacem dokuments.

_ vinaidan iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb sa-samarTlos gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaxdes safuZve-li Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebis mier am gadaw-yvetilebiT dadgenili faqtis registraciisaTvis dagaformebisaTvis, samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebas-Tan erTad Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs am gadawyve-tilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibebas, radganfaqtis registracia da Sesabamisi dokumentebis ga-formeba swored gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-lis mixedviT unda moxdes.

_ ssk-is XXXVI Tavi, romelic iuridiuli mniSvnelo-bis mqone faqtebis dadgenas eZRvneba, ar iTvaliswi-nebs am faqtebis dadgenis Taobaze gamotanili gadaw-yvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas, magram es imasar niSnavs, rom am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar Se-iZleba.

49 amJamad mmros ewodeba „samoqalaqo reestris saagento“.


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udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo gani-xilavs ssk-iT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa dadamatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dadgeniliaam TaviT (311-e muxlis pirveli nawili).

aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyvetileba iuridiulifaqtis Taobaze SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasa-marTloSi.

_ kanonis moTxovna, rom gadawyvetilebis saapela-cio da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba SeuZliaT mxolodmxareebsa da mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelomoTxovniT, ver gavrceldeba udavo warmoebis wesiTgamotanil gadawyvetilebebze iuridiuli faqtis dad-genis Sesaxeb, radagan aseTi warmoebis dros aris mxo-lod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, mesame pire-bi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, Tanamonawi-leebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi).

aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenisSesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeuZlia yveladainteresebul pirs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom am faq-tis dadgeniT Seilaxa maTi ufleba.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi sa-kasacio sasamarTlom miuTiTa:

_ Tu iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainte-resebulma pirebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyve-tilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCiv-ron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovonmisi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT gan-xilva, Tu es gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar aris Sesulikanonier ZalaSi.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetileba Sesuliakanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs, SeuZliaT mi-marTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos mi-si baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.50

50 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo dagakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 w. 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, saqme#3k/681-02. dawvrilebiT ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali. saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiulifaqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“. Tb. 2003.

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T a v i XXXVI I

moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebada moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba


gancxadeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod da-kargulad aRiarebisa an moqalaqis gar-dacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Seitane-ba sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli piris mierganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-xedviT.

_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dain-teresebuli piris gancxadebiT fizikuri piri SeiZle-ba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebul iqnes ug-zo-ukvlod dakargulad, Tu misi adgilsamyofeli uc-nobia da ori wlis manZilze igi ar gamoCenila Tavissacxovrebel adgilas.

amave kodeqsis 22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZlebagamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu mis sacxovrebel ad-gilas xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba cnobebi ampiris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu igi ug-zo-ukvlod daikarga iseT garemoebebSi, romelic massikvdils uqadda, anda savaraudoa misi daRupva raimeubeduri SemTxvevis gamo da aseTi cnobebi eqvsi TvisganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba. kidev ufro Sekvecili va-debia, roca piri ugzo-ukvlod daikarga saomar piro-bebSi.

_ gancxadeba piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRi-arebis an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb SeuZ-liaT Seitanon dainteresebulma pirebma, magram Tuvin iTvleba dainteresebul pirebad kanonSi miTiTe-buli araa.

samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis pirveli nawilisTanaxmad, kanoniT memkvidreebi moipoveben uflebas,


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ukvalod dakargulis qoneba marTon mindobili sakuT-rebis saxiT, maT Soris, miiRon misgan sargebeli. am qo-nebidan miecema sarCo ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis rCe-naze myof pirebs da daifareba valebi. piris gardacv-lilad aRiarebis iuridiuli interesi SeiZleba hqon-deT im pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon samkvidroqoneba memkvidreobiT (memkvidreebs). am pirebs, e. i.memkvidreebs SeuZliaT Seitanon gancxadeba rogorcpiris ugzo-ukvlod dakargvis, ise misi gardacvliladgamocxadebis Sesaxeb.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom arc kanonismieri da arcanderZismieri memkvidreebi ar arsebobdnen, aseT Sem-TxvevaSi qoneba (umkvidro qoneba) gadadis xazinaze,aqedan gamomdinare, piris gardacvlilad gamocxade-bis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Seitanos sasamarTlo-Si xazinam.

_ gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeb-lis, e. i. dainteresebuli piris sacxovrebeli adgilismixedviT.


gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizni-saTvis sWirdeba ganmcxadebels moqalaqisugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da misigardacvlilad gamocxadeba, agreTve gare-moebani, romlebiTac dasturdeba moqala-qis ugzo-ukvlod dakargva, anda romle-bic ugzo-ukvlod dakarguls sikvdilissafrTxes uqmnidnen an safuZvels iZlevianmisi daRupvis varaudisaTvis garkveuli ube-duri SemTxvevis Sedegad.

_ mizani piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebi-sa, Tu misi gardacvlilad gamocxadebisa SeiZleba sxva-dasxva iyos, rogoricaa: qonebis mindobili sakuTre-biT marTva, ganqorwineba, qonebis memkvidreobiT mi-

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Reba (memkvidreobis gaxsna), marCenalis sikvdilis ga-mo pensiis miReba da a. S. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqisgamocxadeba gardacvlilad iwvevs igive iuridiul Se-degs, rasac moqalaqis gardacvaleba (samoqalaqo ko-deqsis 1122-e da 1319-e muxlebi). magram ugzo-ukvlodan gardacvlilad gamocxadebas ar SeiZleba miznadhqondes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnisSewyveta.

_ gancxadebaSi garda miznisa, miTiTebuli unda iyosiseT garemoebaze, romlebic adastureben ugzo-ukv-lod dakargvas an gardacvalebas. magaliTad, samisa-marTo biuroebis uaryofiTi pasuxebi, aseTive uaryo-fiTi cnobebi misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb samuSaoTu bolo an savaraudo adgilebidan da a. S. Tu gancxa-deba moiTxovs moqalaqis gardacvlilad aRiarebas, ma-Sin miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebze, romlebic sik-vdiliT emuqreboda moqalaqes, magaliTad, saaviacioTu avtokatastrofebi, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S.(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 22-e muxli).

muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedebagancxadebis miRebis Semdeg

sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis momza-debisas mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, Tu ro-mel pirebs SeuZliaT miawodon cnobebidakargulis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamohkiTxavssaTanado organoebs dakarguli piris Se-saxeb misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli an sa-muSao adgilis mixedviT.

_ ise rogorc udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilvelyvela saqmes, am kategoriis saqmeebsac winaswar amza-debs sasamarTlo gansaxilvelad.

saqme isaa, rom moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargu-lad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba iwvevs metad seri-ozul samarTlebriv Sedegebs. amitom, sasamarTlos va-


556

raudi piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvli-lad gamocxadebis Taobaze unda emyarebodes iseT ga-remoebebs, romlebic qmnian maRali xarisxis varaudsam faqtebis Sesaxeb.

_ imisaTvis, rom es varaudi efuZnebodes sakmari-sad utyuar safuZvels, sasamarTlom TviTon ganmcxa-deblisagan unda gaigos, Tu visgan SeiZleba saWirocnobebis miReba dakargulis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad,sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamouZaxosda gamokiTxos im pirebs, an organizaciis TanamSrom-lebs, romlebTan erTad muSaobda dakarguli bolodros.

_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom piri SeiZleba ganz-rax gauCinardes im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aicilos sisx-lis Tu samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, raime valdebu-lebebis Sesruleba da sxva. Tumca ugzo-ukvlod da-kargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ar warmoad-gens sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sew-yvetis safuZvels.

muxli 320. sasamarTlogadawyvetileba

1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTacmoqalaqe aRiarebulia ugzo-ukvloddakargulad, warmoadgens safuZvelsimisaTvis, rom ugzo-ukvlod dakargulisqoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaecessamarTavad mis kanoniT memkvidreebs.2. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romli-

Tac moqalaqe gamocxadebulia gardacvli-lad, warmoadgens safuZvels imisaTvis, rommoqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciisorganom Seitanos Canaweri am moqalaqisgardacvalebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeobrivi mdgo-mareobis registraciis wignSi.

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1. moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebasukavSirdeba mxolod erTi Sedegi: dakargulis qonebamindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaecema samarTavad miskanonier memkvidreebs. es imas niSnavs, rom, is, visacgadaeca dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis sa-xiT, valdebulia daicvas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 725-729-e muxlebis moTxovna. gamonaklisia mxolod is, rom aseTpirTan mindobis xelSekrulebis dadeba aRaraa saWi-ro, radgan sakuTrebis mimndobis rolSi gvevlineba sa-samarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebis ZaliT.

_ cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebaSi naTlad da garkve-viT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ra qoneba da vis gadaecaigi samarTavad. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, e. i. am ga-dawyvetilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis gadacema min-dobil mesakuTreze, unda moaxdinos aRmsrulebelma.

2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris gardacvliladgamocxadebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens safuZvels saxelm-wifo reestris mwarmoebeli teritoriuli organos(sarmo) wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canawe-ris SetanisaTvis.

amis Semdeg, am faqts ukavSirdeba yvela is Sedegi,rac piris gardacvalebas saerTod.

muxli 321. ugzo-ukvloddakargulad aRiarebuli angardacvlilad gamocxadebulimoqalaqis gamoCenis an misiadgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi

ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebulian gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqala-qis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aR-moCenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo axali ga-dawyvetilebiT auqmebs Tavis winandel ga-dawyvetilebas. axali gadawyvetileba war-moadgens moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis re-


558

gistraciis wignSi gardacvalebis SesaxebCanaweris gauqmebis safuZvels.

_ moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacv-lilad gamocxadeba yovelTvis efuZneba prezumfci-as (varauds). amitom, es muxli uSvebs am varaudis ga-qarwylebis SesaZleblobas. gaqarwyleba ki SeiZlebadakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebulis gamo-CeniT an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCeniT. es unda da-dasturdes utyuarad sasamarTlos winaSe TviTon ampiris gamocxadebiT, an oficialuri cnobiT misi ad-gilsamyofelis Sesaxeb.

_ sasamarTlos gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos impirma, visi gancxadebiTac piri gamocxadda dakargu-lad an gardacvlilad, sxva dainteresebulma pirma(317-e muxli) da cxadia, TviTon im pirma, romelic ga-mocxadebuli iyo dakargulad an gardacvlilad.

_ gancxadebis ganxilvis Semdeg sasamarTlos gamoaqvsaxali gadawyvetileba (da ara ganCineba), romliTac auq-mebs adre gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es axali gadawy-vetileba gadaecema sarmo-s, romelic mis safuZvelzeauqmebs registraciis wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Se-saxeb Canawers, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs samoqalaqo ko-deqsis 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs.

_ ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli piris mi-marT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxve-vaSi, uqmdeba am piris qonebis mindobili sakuTrebisuflebiT sxva pirze samarTavad gadacema (samoq. ko-deqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs gancxa-debaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa aRZvris Sesaxeb. da-kargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli piris ga-moCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis dadgenis Sesaxeb gan-cxadebiT xdeba ara udavo warmoebiT saqmis aRZvra,aramed adre ukve aRZruli da gadawyvetili saqmis ga-naxleba. amitom, aseT gancxadebaze saxelmwifo baJisSetana saWiro araa.

559


T a v i XXXVIII

moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad daqmeduunarod aRiareba


1. saqme im moqalaqis SezRudul qmeduna-rianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, romelic eZale-ba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs,ris gamoc Tavis ojaxs mZime materialurmdgomareobaSi ayenebs, SeiZleba aRZran misiojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrun-velobis organoebma.2. saqme fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqa-

laqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Se-iZleba aRZran sasamarTloSi misi ojaxiswevrebma, kanonierma warmomadgenelma me-urveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma,agreTve fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawese-bulebebma.3. gancxadeba moqalaqis SezRudul qme-

dunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Se-saxeb Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi ammoqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiat-riul-samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi, maSin _samkurnalo dawesebulebis adgilmdebare-obis mixedviT.

1. SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba arasrulwlo-vani Svididan Tvramet wlamde, magram SezRudul qme-dunarianad iTvleba agreTve srulwlovani, romelicsasamarTlom aRiara aseTad.

am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs srulwlovanebi, rom-lebic eZalebian alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas.

SezRudul qmedunarianad piris aRiarebis Sesaxeb


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sasamarTlos SeiZleba mimarTon am piris ojaxis wev-rebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma. esCamonaTvali aris amomwuravi da misi gafarToeba da-uSvebelia. saqme isaa, rom piri, romelic eZaleba al-kohols an narkotikul nivTierebas, mZime materialurmdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis ojaxs. amitom, pirvelrigSi, misi ojaxis wevrebi unda iyvnen dainteresebu-li am piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebiT. me-urveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma, praqtikuladSeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, rode-sac aseT pirs ar hyavs ojaxSi srulwlovani wevri anmaT mimarTaven TxovniT ojaxis wevrebi, Seutanon sa-samarTloSi gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmedunaria-nad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.

2. yoveli srulwlovani piri iTvleba qmedunaria-nad, sanam misi qmeduunaroba araa aRiarebuli sasamar-Tlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).

_ garda ojaxis wevrebisa, kanonieri warmomadgen-lebisa da meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebisa,fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarodaRiarebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT sasamarTlos SeiZlebamimarTon fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma.es CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi, rac imas niSnavs, romsxva pirisagan (organosagan) ar unda miiRos gancxade-ba (186-e muxli).

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi gancxade-ba Seaqvs ara ojaxis wevrs, an kanonier warmomadgenelsaramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, an fsi-qiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebas, saqmis ganxil-vaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba piris qmedu-unarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Seaqvs arauflebamosil pirs(organos), sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos aseTi gancxa-deba, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo, datovos igi ganuxil-velad (275-e muxlis ̀ b~ qvepunqti).

3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs teritoriul

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gansjadobas. gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmeduuna-rod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes am piris sac-xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTav-sebulia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, maSin am dawe-sebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.

gansjadobis aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia piris mi-marT yvela saWiro faqtobrivi garemoebisa da mtkice-bulebis ukeT Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da gamokvlevisinteresebiT.


1. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis SezRudul qme-dunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb miTiTebulunda iqnes garemoebebze, romlebic adas-tureben, rom piri, romelic eZaleba al-kohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs, mZimematerialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavisojaxs.2. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis qmeduunarod

aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos garemo-ebani, romlebic adastureben fsiqikur aS-lilobas, ris gamoc mas ar SeuZlia Seig-nos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba an gana-gos igi.

1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvisaucilebelia dadasturdes ara marto is, rom igi bo-rotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas,aramed isic, rom amis gamo igi Tavis ojaxs mZime mate-rialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs.

amitom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos ara mar-to iseT garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben aRniS-nul garemoebebs, aramed gancxadebas Tan unda erT-vodes mtkicebulebebic am garemoebaTa dasadastu-reblad (cnobebi samedicino dawesebulebebidan, sae-qimo daskvnebi, mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi da a. S.).


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_ Tu gancxadeba ar Seicavs miTiTebas am garemoe-bebze an Tu mas ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi,sasamarTlom unda dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xar-vezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevse-buli, igi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSimiRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli).

2. gancxadeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Se-saxeb unda pasuxobdes aq miTiTebul moTxovnebs damas unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adas-tureben piris fsiqikur aSlilobas (amonaweri misiavadmyofobis istoriidan, cnobebi misi fsiqiatriulsaavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb, mowmeTa Cvenebe-bi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon piris iseTi saq-cieli, romelic ar axasiaTebs jansaR adamians da a. S.).

_ Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, an masTan ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, sasamarT-lo dauniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels, Seavsos xarvezi,winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxa-debis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-emuxli).

muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvnamoqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobisgansazRvris mizniT

Tu arsebobs sakmao cnobebi moqalaqisfsiqikuri aSlilobis Sesaxeb, ganmcxadebelsufleba aqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiazesasamarTlos warudginos mis mier mowveu-li fsiqiatriuli eqspertis daskvna ammoqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Taoba-ze. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri,romlis mimarTac aRZrulia saqme misi qmed-uunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, aSkarad Tavsaridebs saeqsperto Semowmebas, ganmcxade-blis TxovniT, sasamarTlos Tavis sxdomazefsiqiatris monawileobiT SeuZlia gam-

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oitanos ganCineba fsiqiatriuli eqspert-izisTvis moqalaqis iZulebiT gagzavnisTaobaze.

_ es muxli uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels warudg-inos sasamarTlos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriulieqspertizis daskvna. fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza Seu-Zlia daniSnos sasamarTlomac, oRond „ganmcxadeblisTxovniT“.

sasamarTlos, aseve ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, Seu-Zlia daadginos agreTve fsiqiatriuli eqspertizazeim piris iZulebiT gagzavna, romlis mimarT aRZruliasaqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, eqspert-izis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebicmoiTxoven specialur codnas, kerZod, aris Tu arapiri fsiqikurad daavadebuli. magram am sakiTxisgarkveva ar kmara, fsiqikuri aSliloba jer kidev arniSnavs, rom pirs ar Seswevs unari sworad imoqmedosda angariSi gauwios Tavis moqmedebas. amitom, eqsper-tis w inaSe unda daisvas agreTve sakiTxi: a) aqvs Tuara pirs unari Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniS-vneloba (inteleqtualuri niSani); b) ixelmZRvane-los (ganagos) amiT (nebelobiTi niSani).

am monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnas piris qmedu-unarobis, rogorc iuridiuli cnebis, Sesaxeb akeTebssasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi .

fsiqiatriul eqspertizaze piris iZulebiTi gagza-vna dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es piriTavs aridebs nebayoflobiT Semowmebas. ganCineba amisSesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs fsiqiatrisa da polici-is TanamSromelTa monawileobiT.

muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva

1. saqmes moqalaqis SezRudul qmeduna-rianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gani-xilavs am moqalaqis da meurveobisa da


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mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis sa-valdebulo monawileobiT.2. saqmes moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiare-

bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs meurve-obisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmo-madgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT. mo-qalaqes, romelic aRiarebul unda iqnesqmeduunarod, daibareben sasamarTlo sxdo-maze, Tu es SesaZlebelia misi janmrTelo-bis mdgomareobis mixedviT.3. ganmcxadebeli moqalaqis SezRudul

qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebisSesaxeb ganTavisuflebulia saqmis ganxil-vasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarje-bis gadaxdisagan.

1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebas win un-da uswrebdes saqmis momzadeba. am mizniT, SezRudulqmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs unda gaegzavnos ganc-xadebisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, ga-moTxovil iqnes misgan werilobiTi mosazrebebi, gaeg-zavnos Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT saqmismTavar sxdomaze misi SezRudul qmedunarianad aRia-rebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisa da misi savaldebulomonawileobis Sesaxeb.

Tu es piri ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze,sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saq-mis masalebis mixedviT (da ara dauswrebeli gadawyve-tileba). policiis meSveobiT am piris gamocxadebis uz-runvelyofa dauSvebelia.

_ saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis misaRebad mizan-Sewonilia mowveul iqnes (sasamarTlos iniciativiT)SezRudul qmeunarianad aRiarebuli piris ojaxissrulwlovani wevrebi.

SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs eniSne-ba mzrunveli (326-e muxli). amitom, maTi monawileobasaqmis ganxilvaSi savaldebuloa, ris Sesaxebac unda

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ecnobos am organoebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e muxlebi); Tu, miuxedavad amisa, am organos warmomad-geneli ar gamocxaddeba daniSnul dRes sxdomaze, sa-samarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da ganmeore-biT Seatyobinos mas da mis zemdgom organos, rom maTimonawileoba savaldebuloa.

2. qmeduunarod aRiarebul moqalaqes eniSneba me-urve. amitom, am saqmis ganxilvisas aseve savaldebu-loa meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomad-genlis monawileoba, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda ec-nobos am organos. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlosxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba aRniSnuli organos warmo-madgeneli, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxil-va da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb am organos da mis zemd-gom organos, romlis zemoqmedebiTac unda moxdes aR-niSnuli organos warmomadgenlis saqmis ganxilvaSi mo-nawileobis uzrunvelyofa. ganmeorebiT gamoucxa-deblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom unda ganixilossaqme. policiis meSveobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelo-bis organos warmomadgenlis procesSi monawileobisuzrunvelyofa mizanSeuwonelia.

3. piri, romelmac Seitana gancxadeba (ganmcxadebe-li) piris SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarodaRiarebis Sesaxeb, ganTavisuflebulia rogorc saxel-mwifo baJis, ise saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebulisxva xarjebisagan.

muxli 326. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo

1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romli-Tac moqalaqe aRiarebulia SezRudul qme-dunarianad, warmoadgens safuZvels meur-veobisa da mzrunvelobis organosaTvismzrunvelis dasaniSnavad.2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romli-

Tac moqalaqe aRiarebulia qmeduunarod,


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warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa damzrunvelobis organosaTvis meurvis dasa-niSnavad.

1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi, romliTac piriaRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, miTiTebuliunda iyos, rom am pirs daeniSnos mzrunveli. mzrun-vels niSnavs ara uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meur-veobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeq-sis 1281-e muxlis pirveli nawili). kerZod, socialuriuzrunvelyofis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo ko-deqsis 1278-e muxli).

2. qmeduunarod sasamarTlos mier aRiarebul pirseniSneba meurve. gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamar-Tlo valdebulia am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSiSesvlidan araugvianes sami dRisa acnobos amis Sesa-xeb meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos im pirissacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romelic saWiroebsmeurves.

meurvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos sa-samarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, magram meurves niSnavs arauSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunve-lobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1280-e muxli).

_ sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pi-risaTvis meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebadgvevlineba, _ janmrTelobis dacvis adgilobrivi or-gano (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli).

muxli 327. SezRuduliqmedunarianobis gauqmeba damoqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba

1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-14muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-TxvevaSi sasamarTlos, TviT moqalaqis, mi-si mzrunvelis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT,gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis Sez-

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Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebisSesaxeb.2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12

muxlis me-6 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-TxvevaSi sasamarTlos meurvis, fsiqiatri-ul-samkurnalo dawesebulebis, ojaxis wev-ris gancxadebiT, sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriu-li eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, ga-moaqvs gadawyvetileba gamojanmrTelebu-li piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelzeuqmdeba aRniSnul pirze dawesebuli me-urveoba.

1. gancxadeba SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmebisSesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon am muxlis pirvel nawilSi Ca-moTvlilma pirebma. gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodesmtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom moqalaqe, romelic aRi-arebuli iyo SezRudul qmedunarianad, ukve ganikurna.mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos cnobebiSesabamisi samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan, mowmeTa Cve-nebebi, ojaxis wevrTa axsna-ganmartebebi da sxva.

2. am muxlis meore nawiliT gansazRvrulia im pirTawre, romlebsac SeuZliaT Seitanon sasamarTloSi gan-cxadeba adre qmeduunarod gamocxadebuli piris qme-dunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.

piris qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis aucilebeliasasamarTlo fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvna.

_ orive SemTxvevaSi, e. i. roca sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ga-dawyvetileba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiare-bis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, an moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRia-rebis Sesaxeb, ar xdeba adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebisgauqmeba, aramed xdeba saqmis ganaxleba. gadawyvetilebaSimiTiTebuli unda iyos, rom uqmdeba moqalaqis SezRudulqmedunarianad aRiareba da masze mzrunveloba, an uqm-deba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiareba da masze meurve-obis daweseba.


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T a v i XXXIX

dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlofasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze

uflebis aRdgena

(gamowveviTi warmoeba)


1. pirs, sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldisan saordero fasiani qaRaldis dakargvisan ganadgurebisas, kanoniT gaTvaliswine-bul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia sTxovos sasa-marTlos dakarguli an ganadgurebuli fa-siani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxa-deba da maTze uflebis aRdgena.2. gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes sasa-

marTloSi am muxlSi miTiTebuli sabuTisgamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobismixedviT.

1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxli iTvaliswinebsfasiani qaRaldis gamocxadebas Zaladakargulad. amisSesabamisad, es muxli gansazRvravs sawarmdgenlo fa-siani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 911-e muxli) dasaordero fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 926-e muxli) dakargvis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi maT ba-Tilad cnobas, Zaladakargulad gamocxadebas da maT-ze uflebis aRdgenas,51 rac ganixileba udavo warmoe-bis wesiT (311-e muxli).

_ fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) valde-bulia ganmcxadebels miawodos cnobebi, romlebic au-cilebelia sasamarTlosaTvis am gancxadebis ganxil-vasTan dakavSirebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e mux-lis me-2 nawili).

51 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wignimeoTxe, t.(Tb.,2001,gv.250-270.

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_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasiani qaRaldis gamom-Svebi (emitenti) ar asrulebs am movaleobas da ar awo-debs saWiro cnobebs ganmcxadebels, maSin mas SeuZliassk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxliskomentari), iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTaman gamoiTxovos es cnobebi.

_ fasiani qaRaldebi sxvadasxva saxisaa. sasamarT-los wesiT uflebis aRdgena dasaSvebia mxolod sawar-mdgenlo da saordero fasian qaRaldze. sawarmdgen-lo fasiani qaRaldi iseTi dokumentia, romelSic araamiTiTebuli is konkretuli piri, romelsac gaaCniamoTxovnis ufleba. amitom, aseTi ufleba warmoeSobanebismier pirs, vinc warmoadgens fasian qaRalds. racSeexeba saordero fasian qaRalds, igi gamoiwereba gan-sazRvrul pirze, magram imis miTiTebiT, rom qaRald-Si gamoxatuli moTxovnis ufleba aqvs ara marto mispirvel mflobels, aramed garkveuli pirobebis dac-viT, nebismier sxva pirs.52 rac Seexeba fasiani qaRal-debis iseT saxeobas, rogoricaa piradi fasiani qaRal-di, igi gansazRvruli piris saxelze Sedgenili doku-mentia da mxolod am pirs aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. esimas niSnavs, rom sxvisTvis aseTi uflebis gadacema, anqaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis miReba praqtikuladgamoricxulia.

miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeq-sis 928-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu pi-radi fasiani qaRaldi ̀ dakarguli an ganadgurebulia,maSin igi gansakuTrebuli (udavo) warmoebis gziT Za-ladakargulad gamocxaddeba, Tu ki sxva ram ar arisgaTvaliswinebuli. es wesi ar moqmedebs mcire Rire-bulebis mqone dokumentebis dakargvisas~.

samoqalaqo kodeqsis am danawesidan gamomdinare,ssk-is XXXIX Tavi saWiroebs garkveul dazustebas, mag-ram sanam aseTi dazusteba moxdebodes, sasamarTlo-

52 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe,t.II, Tb.,2001,gv.251


570

ebma unda miiRon gansaxilvelad udavo warmoebis we-siT piradi fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamoc-xadebis (baTilad cnobis) Sesaxeb gancxadeba.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas:gancxadeba dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sawarmdgen-lo, saordero an pirad fasian qaRaldze SeiZleba war-dgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi am fasiani qaRaldis gam-cemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, rom-lis misamarTi miTiTebul unda iqnes gancxadebaSi.


gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos dakargulian ganadgurebuli sabuTis ganmasxvavebeliniSnebi, sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis sa-xelwodeba, agreTve sabuTis dakargvis ga-remoebani.

_ garda yvela im savaldebulo monacemebisa, rom-lebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTloSi warsadgeni gan-cxadeba, am gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) da-karguli (ganadgurebuli) sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli niS-nebi (sabuTis nomeri, misi gacemis TariRi, Tanxis ode-noba da a. S.); b) sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis zustisaxelwodeba da misamarTi; g) garemoebebi, romelTa ga-mo, an romelTa arsebobis pirobebSi moxda sabuTis da-kargva Tu ganadgureba; d) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna sa-buTis Zaladakargulad (baTilad) gamocxadebis da mas-ze uflebis aRdgenis, agreTve am sabuTiT yovelgvarigadaxdisa da gacemis akrZalvis Sesaxeb.

_ ganmcxadebelma ar icis vis xelSia dakarguli fa-siani qaRaldi. es rom icodes, mas SeeZlo Semoetanaara gancxadeba, aramed sarCeli. amitom, mas ar moeT-xoveba miuTiTos dakarguli sabuTis xelTmqonis mi-samarTi.

_ ganmcxadebelma unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebasSesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, xolo fasiani qaRaldis

571


gamcemi, Tavis mxriv, valdebulia miawodos mas yvelais sabuTi, rac saWiro iqneba sasamarTlosaTvis (samo-qalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili). xSirad, fa-siani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebebi ar iZlevianaseT cnobebs sasamarTlos mimarTvis gareSe. es undagaiTvaliswinon sasamarTloebma gancxadebis miRebisdros.

amasTan erTad, Tu gancxadebas aqvs iseTi xarvezi,romlis Sevsebac ganmcxadebels SeuZlia, sasamarTlomunda gamoitanos ganCineba da daniSnos vada am xarve-zis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli ar Seavsebs xarvezsam vadaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxade-bis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-emuxli).

muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedebagancxadebis miRebis Semdeg

1. mosamarTle gancxadebis miRebis Sem-deg gamoitans ganCinebas sabuTis gamcemidawesebulebisaTvis (pirisaTvis) am sabu-TiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis war-moebis akrZalvis, agreTve ganmcxadeblisxarjze adgilobriv presaSi publikaciisSesaxeb.2. aseTi ganCinebis gamotanaze uari Se-

iZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.

1. gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg sasamarT-lo amzadebs saqmes gansaxilvelad, risTvisac is as-rulebs yvela saWiro saproceso moqmedebas. pirveli,rac unda gaakeTos sasamarTlom gancxadebis miRebis-Tanave _ esaa ganCinebis miReba sabuTis gamcemi piri-saTvis am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemiswarmoebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebis ase swrafadmiRebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Tavi-


572

dan iqnas acilebuli gadaxdisa da gacemis aramarTl-zomierad warmoebis SesaZlebloba.

2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari uTxras ganmcxadebelsgadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvaze, magram gan-mcxadebels SeuZlia am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-tana (414-420-e muxlebi).

muxli 331. publikacia

publikacia unda Seicavdes:a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic

Setanilia gancxadeba sabuTis dakargvisSesaxeb;b) ganmcxadeblis dasaxelebasa da mis sac-

xovrebel adgils;g) sabuTis dasaxelebasa da ganmasxvave-

bel niSnebs;d) winadadebas im sabuTis xelTmqonis

mimarT, romlis dakargvis Sesaxebac Seta-nilia gancxadeba, rom man publikaciis dRi-dan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos ganc-xadeba sasamarTloSi am sabuTze Tavisiuflebis Sesaxeb.

_ publikacia savaldebuloa da unda Secavdes yve-la im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.

_ publikaciis savaldebuloba ganpirobebuliaimiT, rom sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs gancxadebas daver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, sanam ar gava sami Tvepublikaciidan. am sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sabuTis xel-Tmqonem unda ganacxados publikaciaSi miTiTebul sa-buTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. Tu am vadaSi aseTi gan-cxadeba Semova, saqme SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes saer-To sasarCelo wesiT (333-e muxli).

_ publikacia SeiZleba moxdes adgilobriv presaSi.

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muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonisgancxadeba

im sabuTis xelTmqone, romlis dakargvisSesaxebac gancxadebulia, valdebulia pub-likaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamdeganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seita-nos gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebisSesaxeb da amasTan erTad waradginos sa-buTis dedanic.

_ sabuTis xelTmqonis arc vinaoba da arc misamarTicnobili araa. amitom, misi dabareba (gamoZaxeba) ssk-is70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT ver moxerxdeba.aseT SemTxvevaSi presis saSualebiT sabuTis xelTm-qonis gamoZaxeba, misi uflebis dacvis mniSvnelovanigarantiaa: mas SeuZlia publikaciidan sami Tvis ganmav-lobaSi Seitanos sasamarTloSi gancxadeba sabuTze Ta-visi uflebis Sesaxeb.

_ am muxlSi miTiTebulia sabuTis dedanze, rome-lic sabuTis xelTmqonem unda daurTos Tavis gancxa-debas, magram dasaSvebia am sabuTis aslis darTvac, impirobiT, rom dedani mogvianebiT iqneba warmodgeni-li mis mier.

_ am muxlSi miTiTebuli samTviani vadis dena iwyebaara sasamarTlos mier publikaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebismiRebidan, aramed publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebisdRidan.

muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg

1. Tu sabuTis xelTmqonem publikaciisdRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde SeitanasasamarTloSi gancxadeba, sasamarTlo gan-cxadebas sabuTis dakargvis Sesaxeb sasa-


574

marTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs da da-adgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic sa-buTis gamcem dawesebulebas (pirs) aukr-Zalavs awarmoos am sabuTiT gadaxda dagacema. es vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes2 Tves.2. imavdroulad sasamarTlo ganumartavs

ganmcxadebels mis uflebas aRZras sarCe-li sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo we-siT im piris mimarT, visac xelTa aqvs sa-buTi, xolo am ukanasknels _ mis uflebasgadaaxdevinos ganmcxadebels zarali, racgamowveulia akrZalvis RonisZiebiT. sasa-marTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo sa-Civris Setana.

1. sabuTis xelTmqonis mier sasamarTloSi gancxade-bis droulad Setana am sabuTze misi uflebis Sesaxeb,warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis mier Semotanili gancxade-bis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvels, ris SesaxebacsasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. amave ganCinebiT sasa-marTlo gansazRvravs vadas ara umetes ori Tvisa, rom-lis ganmavlobaSi aikrZaleba am sabuTiT gadaxda da ga-cema. aq mocemulia maqsimaluri vada. sasamarTlos Se-uZlia daniSnos ufro Semcirebulia vada.

2. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuliunda iyos: a) ganmcxadeblis ufleba aRZras sarCeli sa-buTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris wina-aRmdeg, visac xelT aqvs es sabuTi; b) sabuTis xelTmqo-nis ufleba, moiTxovos ganmcxadeblisagan im zaralisanazRaureba, rac gamowveuli iyo am sabuTiT gadaxdisada gacemis aramarTlzomierad akrZalviT; g) sabuTisgamcemi dawesebulebis gafrTxileba, rom, Tu igi, miu-xedavad akrZalvisa, mainc moaxdens am sabuTiT gadax-das, mas daekisreba materialuri pasuxismgebloba im pi-ris mimarT, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara dakarguli sa-buTis mesakuTred.

575


sarCeli, Tu igi iqneba wardgenili, unda aRiZras sa-erTo wesiT da maT Soris, gansjadobis dacviT, e. i. igiunda aRiZras ara sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis, ara-med mopasuxis sacxovrebeli (adgilsamyofeli) adgi-lis mixedviT.

_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze gancxadebis ganuxilve-lad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Seta-na (414-420-e muxlebi).

muxli 334. saqmis daniSvnagansaxilvelad

saqmes dakarguli sabuTebis baTilad cno-bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs publi-kaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlis Sem-deg, Tu sabuTis xelTmqonisagan ar Semo-vida 332-e muxlSi miTiTebuli gancxade-ba.

_ samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba ara im dRidan,roca sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba publikaciisSesaxeb (330-e muxli), aramed publikaciis dRidan.publikaciis dRed iTvleba im gazeTis gamoSvebisdRe (ricxvi), romelSiac es publikaciaa moTavsebu-li.

_ publikaciidan samTviani vadis gasvla aris ganc-xadebis ganxilvis dasaSvebobis piroba. es imas niS-navs, rom Tu sabuTis xelTmqonis mier gancxadeba Se-movida mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom daniSna saqmisganxilva, an am saqmis ganxilvamde da gadawyvetamde,sasamarTlom, miuxedavad amisa, mainc ganuxilveladunda datovos gancxadeba da urCios ganmcxadebelsaRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT (333-e muxli).


576

muxli 335. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo

ganmcxadeblis Txovnis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadaw yvetilebas, romliTac Zaladkargulad ga moacxadebs dakargul sabuTs. es gadayvetile ba uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels, miiRos anabari an axali sabuTi Zaladakargulad gamocxadebuli sabuTis nacvlad.

_ publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis vadis gasvlis Sem-deg sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis Semoutanlo-ba warmoSobs varauds (prezumfcias), rom dakargulisabuTi marTlac ekuTvnis ganmcxadebels. am varaudisgasaqarwyleblad sasamarTlom mizanSewonilia gamo-uZaxos sasamarTlo sxdomaze da mousminos sabuTisgamcemi dawesebulebis warmomadgenels, rac SeiZlebagulmodgined Seamowmos saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi,TviTon ganmcxadeblis axsna-ganmarteba.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebsgancxadebas, e. i. gamoacxadebs sabuTs Zaladakargu-lad (baTilad), igi gamoitans amis Sesaxeb gadawyveti-lebas, romelic kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg war-moadgens axali sabuTis (axali sawarmdgenlo, saorde-ro Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldis) gacemis safuZvels.

muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonisufleba, aRZras sarCeli qonebisusafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb

sabuTis xelTmqones, romelsac raime mi-zeziT droulad ar ganucxadebia Tavisiufleba am sabuTze, dakarguli sabuTisZaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb sasa-marTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSiSesvlis Semdeg SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli

577


qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis an dazogvisTaobaze im piris mimarT, romelsac mieniWadakargulis nacvlad axali sabuTis miReb-is ufleba“.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs sabuTis xelTmqonis uf-lebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis wess im Sem-TxvevaSi, roca gadawyvetileba mis xelT arsebuli do-kumentis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Se-vida kanonier ZalaSi. xolo manamde Tavisi ufleba amsabuTze mas, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar ganucxadebia.aseT SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli im pirismimarT, visac mieniWa axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba,qonebis usafuZvlo SeZenis an dazogvis gamo.

_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlam-de sabuTis xelTmqones unda mieces ufleba gaasaCiv-ros igi saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.


578

T a v i XL

qonebis upatronod cnoba


gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Se-saxeb sasamarTloSi Seaqvs im pirs, rome-lic daeufla qonebas fizikuri piris sac-xovrebeli adgilis an iuridiuli pirisadgilsamyofelis mixedviT.

_ am TavSi igulisxmeba mxolod moZravi nivTebisupatronod cnoba, radgan mitovebul (`upatrono~) uZ-rav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens mxolod saxel-mwifo.

_ gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb Se-iZleba Seitanos im pirma, romelic daeufla qonebas,anu romelic faqtiurad flobs upatrono qonebas. qo-nebas SeiZleba daeuflos da, Sesabamisad, gancxade-biT SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos, rogorc fizikur-ma, ise iuridiulma pirma.

gancxadeba Setanili unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis sac-xovrebeli adgilis miexdviT, xolo Tu ganmcxadebe-li iuridiuli piria _ misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.


qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb gan-cxadebaSi miTiTebul unda iqnes: romeliqoneba unda iyos cnobili upatronod;rogoria am qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSne-bi, mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasture-ben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas amqonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCune-bis ganzraxvis gareSe; agreTve mtkicebu-leba imis Taobaze, rom ganmcxadebeli da-

579


eufla iseT qonebas, romlis miTvisebackanoniT ar ikrZaleba da ar irRveva impiris uflebebi, romelsac am nivTis miT-visebis ufleba hqonda.

gancxadebis Sinaarsi bevradaa ganpirobebuli samo-qalaqo kodeqsis 190-e muxlis danawesiT. am muxlis Ta-naxmad, Tu piri mflobelobaSi iRebs upatrono moZ-rav nivTs, igi iZens sakuTrebas nivTze, Tu misi miTvi-seba araa akrZaluli kanoniT (magaliTad, narkotiku-li nivTiereba, iaraRi da a. S.). moZravi nivTi upatro-nod iTvleba, Tu uwindeli mesakuTre sakuTrebaze ua-ris Tqmis mizniT nivTis mflobelobas miatovebs.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, gancxadebaSi sxva monacemeb-Tan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) qonebis ganmasxva-vebeli niSnebi; b) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastu-reben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas, am qonebazesakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe(magaliTad, satransporto saSualebis, sasoflo-same-urneo teqnikis quCaSi an mindvrad mitoveba); g) mtki-cebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom am qonebis (nivTis) miTvi-seba araa akrZaluli kanoniT.

mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia gancxa-debaSi, Tan unda erTvodes am gancxadebas.

_ Tu gancxadebas aqvs xarvezi, sasamarTlom undamisces ganmcxadebels vada misi SevsebisaTvis. Tu amvadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlom gan-cxadeba ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi (185-e muxli).

am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

muxli 339. publikacia

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg sasamarTloadgilobriv gazeTSi aqveynebs cnobas, ro-melic unda Seicavdes:a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac

unda miiRos gadawyvetileba qonebis upat-


580

ronod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;b) ganmcxadeblis vinaobas;g) im qonebis aRweras, romelic upatro-

nod unda gamocxaddes;d) moTxovnas im pirTa mimarT, romelTac

SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, ro-melic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTamaT ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uf-lebebis Sesaxeb 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRi-dan publikaciisa.

_ publikacia savaldebuloa da igi unda Seicavdesyvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.gancxadebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba da-saSvebia mxolod publikaciidan sami Tvis gasvlis Sem-deg. samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba publikaciis ga-zeTSi gamoqveynebis dRidan. publikacia SeiZleba ad-gilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveyndes.

_ publikacia unda Seicavdes moTxovnas im pirTamimarT, romelTac SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qone-baze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa maTganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebis Sesaxebsami Tvis vadaSi dRidan publikaciisa.

muxli 340. qonebaze uflebissasarCelo wesiT dacva

1. Tu 339-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiTgaTvaliswinebul vadaSi sasamarTloSi Se-mova gancxadeba qonebaze uflebis Sesaxeb,maSin sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebiT ganux-ilvelad tovebs gancxadebas qonebis upa-tronod cnobis Sesaxeb da winadadebiTmimarTavs ganmcxadebels, aRZras aRiarebi-Ti sarCeli im piris mimarT, romelmac ga-nacxada Tavisi ufleba qonebaze.2. Tu daniSnuli vadis gasvlamde sasa-

581


marTloSi ar Semova gancxadeba qonebazeuflebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo ganixilavssaqmes da gamohkiTxavs im pirebs, romelT-ac SeuZliaT cnobebis miwodeba qonebiskuTvnilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamoiTxovscnobebs Sesabamisi organoebidan.

1. sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs gancxadebasudavo warmoebis wesiT, qonebis upatronod cnobisSesaxeb Tu publikaciis Sedegad piri ganacxadebs Tavisuflebas am qonebaze. ganmcxadebels SeuZlia aseTSemTxvevaSi aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli (ssk-is 180-emuxli), romelic ganixileba saerTo wesis dacviT.

2. Tu publikaciis Sedegad aravin ar ganacxadebsTavis pretenzias qonebaze, maSin sasamarTlo ganix-ilavs gancxadebas udavo warmoebis wesiT. saqmis mo-mzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tu visSeuZlia miawodos cnobebi qonebis kuTvnilebis Sesax-eb da gamouZaxos da gamokiTxos isini sasamarTlo sx-domaze.

muxli 341. sasamarTlogadawyvetileba

Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom qonebas arahyavs mesakuTre, an es qoneba mitovebuliamesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, romSeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis uf-leba, mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moZraviqonebis upatronod cnobisa da misi im pi-ris sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, rome-lic daeufla am qonebas.

_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos gadawy-vetileba, ori mTavari da ZiriTadi garemoeba unda da-aginos: pirveli _ qonebas ar hyavs mesakuTre, e. i. verdadginda, Tu vinaa mesakuTre; meore _ qoneba mitove-


582

bulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom Sei-narCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, e. i. uwin-delma mesakuTrem miatova nivTze mflobeloba sakuT-rebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT.@ 53

erT-erTi garemoebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sa-samarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas moZravi qonebisupatronod cnobisa da misi ganmcxadeblis (e. i. im pi-ris, romelic daeufla qonebas) sakuTrebaSi gadace-mis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arcerTi zemoTmiTiTebuli garemoeba ar dadasturdeba, sasamarTlogamoitans gadawyvetilebas gancxadebis dakmayofile-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, anu qonebis upatronod cno-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

53 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv. 125

583


T a v i XLI

sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia -amoRebulia

muxli 342-348 amoRebulia

T a v i XLII

Svilad ayvana

muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanisSesaxeb

gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Seita-neba sasamarTloSi mSvileblis an Sviladasayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

_ administraciuli wesiT Svilad ayvanis sakiTxisgadawyvetisas daSvebulma uxeSma Secdomebma ganapi-roba am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis sasamarTlowesiT gadawyvetis aucilebloba. samoqalaqo kodeqsis1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amieridan Svilad ayvanis sa-kiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo, riTac mniSvnelovnadgaZlierda rogorc Svilad asayvanis, ise mSvileblisinteresebis dacvis garantiebi.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiul gansjadobas:gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi ro-gorc mSvileblis, ise Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli ad-gilis mixedviT. arCevanis ufleba aqvs ganmcxadebels.

_ gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sasa-marTloSi Seitanos nebismierma srulwlovanma da qme-dunarianma pirma, garda im pirisa: a) romelsac Camor-Tmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; b) adre hyavda naSvile-bi, magram Svileba gauqmda mis mier mSvileblis mova-leobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; g) romelsac


584

avadmyofobis, moraluri an sxva piradi Tvisebis gamoar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos mSoblis uflebebi (sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis 1245-e muxli).

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvi Svilad ahyavs araorive, aramed erT-erT meuRles, saWiroa meore meuR-lis Tanxmoba.


1. gancxadebaSi Svilad ayvanis SesaxebmiTiTebuli unda iyos monacemebi Sviladasayvanisa da mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) Se-saxeb, agreTve garemoebebi, romlebic adas-tureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis ke-TildReobisa da interesebisaTvis.2. gancxadebas Tan unda erTodes:a) meuRlis Tanxmoba, roca bavSvi Svilad

ahyavs erT-erT meuRles;b) gasaSvilebeli bavSvis mSoblebis Tan-

xmoba;g) meurvis (mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba im bav-

Svis Svilad ayvanaze, romelic meurveoba-Sia, Tu mas mSoblebi ara hyavs;d) amoRebulia;3. sasamarTlos, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT an

Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia gamoiTxovossaqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelo-bis mqone mtkicebulebebi, agreTve ganixi-los saqme daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze.

_ Svilad ayvana dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,Tu is Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobasa da intere-sebs da mosalodnelia, rom mSvilebelsa da naSvilebsSoris warmoiSoba iseTive urTierToba, rogoric mSo-belsa da naSvilebs Soris.54

54 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe. Tb. 2000, gv. 244

585


1. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili mo-iTxovs, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli iyos mSvileb-lisa da Svilad asayvanis Sesaxeb monacemebi, kerZod,mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) daxasiaTeba misi samuSaoadgilidan, agreTve masTan erT saxlSi mcxovrebi pi-rebisagan, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs Svilad amyva-nis moralur-zneobrivi da ekonomikuri mdgomareobisSesaxeb, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis mo-sazreba mis Sesaxeb, rac am organoebis daskvnaSi iqne-ba Camoyalibebuli da a.S.

2. gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi wi-napirobaa sasamarTloSi im sabuTebis warmodgena, rom-lebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. es sabuTe-bi Tan unda erTvodes gancxadebas.

_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Svi-lad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamoita-nos sasamarTlom mxolod meurveobisa da mzrunvelo-bis organos daskvnis miRebis Semdeg. es daskvna SeiZ-leba Seicavdes mSvileblis daxasiaTebasac, agreTvegaremoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xde-ba bavSvis interesebisaTvis. amave daskvnaSi unda iyosam organoebis Tanxmoba gaSvilebaze, rac saWiroa mxo-lod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli meurveo-baSia da mas ar hyavs mSoblebi.

_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mSob-lebs SeuZliaT gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxadon mSvi-leblis (konkretuli piris) miuTiTeblad. mSvileblisSerCeva maT SeuZliaT miandon meurveobisa da mzrun-velobis organos (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1251-e muxli).

3. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas Zli-er SezRudulia SejibrebiTobis principis moqmedeba,radgan aq ar gvyavs urTierTdapirispirebuli, modavemxareebi. amitom, aq ar gvaqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenisis garantiebi, romlebic sasarCelo warmoebis drosaris .

am xarvezis Sevseba xdeba sasamarTlos aqtiuri ro-liT, romelsac SeuZlia ara marto ganmcxadeblis Txov-


586

niT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos mtkice-bulebebi, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdo-maze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, Tu es misi azriT ufro mizan-Sewonilia.

muxli 351. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba

1. Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom Sviladayvana Seesabameba Svilad asayvanis inte-resebs da emsaxureba mis keTildReobas,gamoitans gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanisSesaxeb, romelic ganmcxadeblis TxovniTsajarod ar gamocxaddeba.2. sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas Svi-

lad ayvanis Sesaxeb misi kanonier ZalaSiSesvlis dRidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSiregistraciisaTvis gadaugzavnis moqalaqeo-brivi mdgomareobis registraciis am ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixed-viT.3. Svilad ayvana namdvilia sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisdRidan.

1. gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamar-Tlo gamoitans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saq-meSi arsebuli masalebi safuZvels aZlevs sasamarT-los dadasturebulad CaTvalos, rom Svileba (Sviladayvana) namdvilad Seesabameba gasaSvilebeli bavSviskeTildReobasa da interesebs.

_ kanonmdebloba icavs Svilad ayvanis saidumloe-bas da iTvaliswinebs meqanizmebs am saidumloebis dac-vis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod, Svilad ayvanis Sesa-xeb cnobebis gavrceleba iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pa-suxismgeblobas (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 175-emuxli), gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb mSvi-

587


leblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba, Svilad ay-vanis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelsayofad SeiZle-ba Seicvalos naSvilebi bavSvis dabadebis adgili, Tveda ricxvi da a. S.

2. gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb kanonierZalaSi Sedis ssk 264-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi dawesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb registri-rebul, unda iqnes samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSiam gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. ami-tom, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis SemdegerTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sasamarTlom mSvileblisTxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos igisamoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi.

3. gadawyvetilebis registracia savaldebuloa. esimas niSnavs, rom Svilad ayvana warmoSobs uflebebsada movaleobebs registraciis SemTxvevaSi, magram esuflebebi da movaleobebi warmoiSoba ara registraci-is momentidan, aramed gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesvlis dRidan.


588

T a v i XLII1

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena

muxli 3511. dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis aRdgenis wesi

dakarguli saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba aRd-genil iqnes mxareTa gancxadebiT.

saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba daikargossxvadasxva subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebisa gamo(gaqurdva, xanZari, wyaldidoba da a.S.) saqmis warmoe-bis dakargvis gamo ki mxareebma SeiZleba veRar isarge-blon saqmeSi arsebuli sasamarTlo aqtebiT, magali-Tad, veRar miiRon saaRsrulebo furceli, veRar gaasa-Civron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Tu ganCineba da a.S.aqedan gamomdinare, maT eZleva SesaZlebloba moiTx-ovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis obieqtadgvevlineba dakarguli saqmis warmoeba, romelzecgamotanili iyo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an gan-Cineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. dakargulisaqmis warmoebis aRdgena sxva saproceso dokumente-bis aRdgenis mizniT dauSvebelia (ix.momdevno muxleb-is komentari).

subieqtebad anu pirebad, romlebsac aqvT uflebamoiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena, gvev-linebian mxareebi (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTx-ovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, Tanamonawileebi, kanon-ieri warmomadgenlebi).

muxli 3512. gancxadebis Setanagansjad sasamarTloSi

gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRd-genis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarT-

589


loSi an mis uflebamonacvlesTan, romelmacgamoitana dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetilebaan (ganCineba) am saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba araris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba imsasamarTloSi, romlis warmoebaSic aris essaqme.

es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlos gansjadobas:gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesax-eb Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelSic mim-dinareobda am dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da romel-mac daamTavra am saqmis warmoeba gadawyvetilebisgamotaniT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba damTavrebuliar iyo an damTavrebuli iyo ganCinebiT sarCelisganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (278-e muxli), ase-Ti saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba arunda miiRos sasamarTlom, vinaidan mxares SeuZliaaRZras igive sarCeli. es daskvna pirdapir gamomdinar-eobs am muxlis pirveli winadadebidan romelSiac mi-TiTebulia sasamarTloze „romelmac gamoitanadakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba an ganCineba amsaqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb“.

am muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlo da ara sasa-marTlos igive Semadgenloba. ufro metic, SeiZlebaigive sasamarTlo aRarc arsebobs, rac savsebiT dasaS-vebia sasamarTlo reformis Tu reorganizaciispirobebSi, magram es arafers ar niSnavs: gancxadeba Sei-Zleba Setanil iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelic „ufle-bamonacvled“ gvevlineba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saqmeawarmova da Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saq-mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamoitana magaliTad,vanis raionis sasamarTlom, maSin gancxadeba dakargu-li saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setani-li iqnes samtrediis raionis sasamarTloSi, romlissamoqmedo teritoria vrceldeba vanis raionzec.


590

am muxlis me-2 winadadeba uSvebs imis SesaZleblo-bas, rom Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavre-buli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romliswarmoebaSic aris es saqme. amasTan dakavSirebiT undaaRiniSnos, rom ise rogorc sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-tovebis SemTxvevaSi, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom undaurCios mxares aRZras ganmeorebiT sarCeli.


1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:a) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasax-

elebas;b) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlebmac

dakargul saqmeze gamoitana gadawyvetilebaan ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SewyvetisSesaxeb;g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu dakarguli

saqmis warmoebis ra nawilis aRdgenas moiTx-ovs ganmcxadebeli;d) im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebmac

aRniSnuli saqmis masalebis dakargva gam-oiwvia;e) miTiTebas, ra mizniT esaWiroeba ganm-

cxadebels dakarguli masalebis aRdgena;v) saqmesTan dakavSirebul dawvrilebiT

informacias.2. ganmcxadebas unda daerTos dokument-

ebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, romlebicaqvs ganmcxadebels da romlebsac kavSiriaqvs saqmesTan, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu isiniar aris dadasturebuli dadgenili pro-cedurebis Sesabamisad.3. gancxadebas unda daerTos saxelmwifo

baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari,Tu saqme daikarga ganmcxadeblis braliT.

591


1. garda cnobili rekvizitebisa, romlebsac undaSeicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTulil nebismierigancxadeba, dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenisSesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:

a) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom dakargul saqmezegamotanili iyo gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saq-mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.

amasTan erTad, miTiTebuli unda iyos romelma sasa-marTlom da rodis gamoitana es gadawyvetileba TuganCineba, agreTve ra Sinaarsisa iyo isini.

b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb dakarguli saqmis warmoe-bis romeli nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebe-li, kerZod moiTxovs igi am saqmeze gamotanili gada-wyvetilebis aRdgenas Tu am saqmis warmoebis Sewyve-tis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRdgenas;

g) SeZlebisdagvarad ganmcxadebelma unda miuTi-Tos yvela im garemoebaze, romlebmac gamoiwvia an See-Zlo gamoewvia saqmis masalebis dakargva;

d) gancxadebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos mi-TiTebuli Tu ra miznisaTvis Wirdeba ganmcxadebelsdakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.

ganmcxadeblis mizani SeiZleba mdgomareobdesimaSi, rom sxva an imave sasamarTlom ar miiRos da arganixilos igive sarCeli, anu sarCeli imave mxareebsSoris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT (272-e mux-li), romelic ukve iyo ganxiluli da gadawyvetilidakarguli saqmis warmoebiT.

ganmcxadebels SeiZleba miznad hqondes dakar-gul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba(saaRsrulebo furclis miReba), an kidev, gadaw-yvetilebis baTilad cnoba, agreTve axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba.

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis mizanze mi-TiTebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos;Tu mizani ar iqneba marTlzomieri da gamarTlebu-li - aRdgenaze uari unda iTqvas.

e) yovelgvari informacia, rac dakavSirebulia


592

dakargul saqmesTan, miTiTebuli unda iyos gancxade-baSi, kerZod masSi unda aRiniSnos:

- ra saproceso mdgomareoba ekava ganmcxadebels -iyo mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebelimoTxovniT da a.S.

- vin iRebda monawileobas saqmis ganxilvaSi da rastatusiT anu vin gamodioda mxared, Tanamonawiled,mesame pirad, mowmed, eqspertad da a.S. maTi misamarTe-bis miTiTebiT.

2. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes do-kumentebi, romlebsac raime kavSiri aqvT dakargulsaqmesTan. amitom, es dokumentebi unda daurTos ganmcx-adebelma Tavis gancxadebas. cxadia, dokumentebi (maTiaslebi) unda iyos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli, magramdaumowmebeli dokumentebic unda daerTos gancxadebas,romlebic saTanado Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegadSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan mtkicebulebebad.

mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnansaqmeSi monawile pirTa, agreTve im mowmeebisa daeqspertebis (specialistebis) Cvenebebi, romlebicmonawileobdnen dakarguli saqmis ganxilvaSi. isiniSeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iyvnen da daikiTxon sasamarT-lo sxdomaze, romelzec ganixileba dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis aRdgenis sakiTxi.

3. ganmcxadebeli ixdis saxelmwifo baJs mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis warmoeba daikarga misibraliT. amitom, Tu warmodgenili masalebidan aSkar-ad Cans, rom saqmis dakargva ar SeiZleboda momxdariyoganmcxadeblis braliT, saxelmwifo baJis gadauxdelo-ba ar SeiZleba gaxdes gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxil-vaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli.

muxli 3514. gancxadebis ganxilviswesi

1. gancxadebas dakarguli saqmis war-moebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganix-

593


ilavs mxareTa daswrebiT, Tumca erT-erTian orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba verdaabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. saWiroebisSemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativ-iT an mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelzemoiwvevs pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT sasa-marTlos miawodon informacia saqmis war-moebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ufle-ba aqvs aseve gamoiTxovos informacia sa-Tanado organoebisagan.

2. saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom undaixelmZRvanelos sasamarTlo procesis dar-Cenili masalebiT, aseve mxareTa moTxovnebiTan sxva pirTa dokumentebiT, romlebic maTgadaecaT sasamarTlo procesis masalebisdakargvamde, agreTve im dokumentebisa damasalebis damowmebuli aslebiT, romlebicsaqmes Seexeba. saqmeSi monawile pirebs ufle-ba aqvT sasamarTlos gansaxilvelad warudg-inon maT mier momzadebuli im gadawyvetileb-is proeqti, romelic unda ganaxldes.

3. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mowmeebaddakiTxos pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnensaproceso moqmedebebis Sesrulebas, da,saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, is pirebic, rom-lebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas,roca ixileboda is saqme, romlis masalebicdaikarga.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadebadakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxebganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTamonawileobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom am sxdomazemowveuli unda iqnan mxareebi kanoniT dadgeniliwesiT, anu 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. mxareTagamoucxadebloba, marTalia, ver daabrkolebs saqmisganxilvas, magram, Tu sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom maTi


594

procesSi monawileobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqnebagancxadebis ganxilva da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebismiReba, man unda gadados sxdoma sxva droisaTvis daamis Sesaxeb acnobos ganmcxadebels da sxvadainteresebul pirebs. garda mxareebisa, sasamarTlosSeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiTmoiwvios sasamarTlo sxdomaze nebismieri piri,romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebidakarguli saqmis Sesaxeb. sxva sityvebiT, am muxlispirveli nawili farTo uflebebs aniWebs sasamarTlossaqmis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT saWiro informaciismiRebisaTvis.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im masalebiswres, romlebiTac SeuZlia ixelmZRvanelossasamarTlom gancxadebis ganxilvis dros.

am masalebis wre sakmaod farToa. sasamarTlosevaleba gulmodgineT Seamowmos da Seafasos esmasalebi. aq erT garemoebas unda mieqces sasamarTlosyuradReba: 3513 muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebuliaimis Sesaxeb, rom gancxadebas Tan unda daerTosdokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, cxadia Tuisini aqvs ganmcxadebels, magram aqve miTiTebulia imisSesaxebac, rom am gancxadebas SeiZleba daerTos iseTidokumentebi da maTi aslebic, romlebic „ar arisdadasturebuli dadgenili procedurebisSesabamisad”, anu ar aris damowmebuli dadgenili wesiT.cxadia, aseTi dokumentebi an maTi aslebi saWiroebengulmodgine Semowmebas da Sefasebas sasamarTlosmier, magram sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTobliobaSi maTSeuZliaT didi samsaxuri gauwion sasamarTlosdakarguli saqmis warmoebis mTlianad an nawilobrivaRdgenaSi.

am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovandanawess: mxareebs da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebsSeuZliaT aRadginon mexsierebaSi dakargul saqmezegamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,Camoayalibon igi werilobiT da warudginon

595


sasamarTlos im gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) proeqtiromelic unda aRadginos sasamarTlom. cxadia, esproeqti unda Seswavlili da Sefasebuli iqnessasamarTlos mier sxva masalebTan erTobliobaSi.

3. mowmeebad SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iqnan aramartois pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen ama Tu im saprocesomoqmedebis Sesrulebas (magaliTad, adgilzedaTvalierebas, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas,mosamzadebel sxdomas da a.S.), aramed pirebi, romlebiceswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas da arsargeblobdnen raime saproceso samarTlebrivistatusiT (ar iyvnen mesame pirebi, mowmeebi,eqspertebi, specialistebi da a.S.)

muxli 3515. sasamarTlos ganCinebadakarguli saqmis warmoebisaRdgenis Sesaxeb

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesax-eb sasamarTlo iRebs ganCinebas, romelSicunda mieTiTos im gadawyvetilebis an gan-Cinebis Sinaarsi, romliTac dakarguli saq-mis warmoeba iyo damTavrebuli. ganCinebaSiaseve unda aRiniSnos, ra saproceso mo-qmedebebi sruldeboda dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis dros. dakarguli saqmis warmoe-bis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaSeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmodgenili masalebissafuZvelze sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, romdakarguli saqmis warmoeba aRdgenili unda iqnes,kerZod aRdgenili unda iqnes gadawyvetilebaromelic gamotanili iyo dakargul saqmeze an ganCinebaam dakarguli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, masgamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ara gadawyvetileba, aramedganCineba.


596

sasamarTos ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebisaRdgenis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos:

a) dakarguli saqmis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, kerZod,rogori iyo mosarCelis moTxovna, romel faqtebsemyareboda es moTxovna, rogori iyo mopasuxisSesagebeli da ra garemoebebs emyareboda esSesagebeli, ra werilobiTi Tu nivTierimtkicebulebebi iyo warmodgenili mxareebis mier, vindaikiTxa mowmeebad, eqspertebad da a.S.;

b) ra saproceso moqmedebebi Sesrulda mxareTaSoris wamoWrili davis gadawyvetis mizniT (Catardaadgilze daTvaliereba, moxda mtkiceulebaTauzrunvelyofa, Catarda mosamzadebeli sxdoma,ganxorcielda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da a.S.);

g) romeli konkretuli monacemebis safuZvelzemiiCnia sasamarTlom dakarguli saqmis warmoebazegamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsidadgenilad;

d) „ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebisaRdgenis Sesaxeb” rac SeiZleba zustad daamomwuravad unda Camoyalibdes dakargul saqmezegamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,misi sarezolucio nawili, anu sakuTrivgadawyvetileba, rac SesaZleblobas miscemssaaRsrulebo organoebs aRasrulon igi, Tu, ra Tqmaunda, am ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis warmoebisaRdgenis Sesaxeb gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli.amave ganCinebaSi rac SeiZleba srulad da zustadunda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra saproceso moqmedebebisruldeboda dakarguli saqmis warmoebis dros,romeli faqtebi CaiTvala damtkicebulad dadadasturebulad, romeli materialuri Tusaproceso normebi iqna gamoyenebuli da a.S. aqvemiTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra garemoebebis da romelimonacemebis safuZvelze miiCnia sasamarTlomSesaZleblad aRedgina dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da

597


am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba an ganCineba amsaqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.

sasamarTlos ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqneskerZo saCivari 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenisSeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavi-si ganCinebiT Sewyvets saqmis warmoebasdakarguli sasamarTlo warmoebis aRdge-nis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebelsSeuZlia aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT. esganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo sa-CivriT.„

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dakarguli saqmiswarmoebis aRdgenis mizniT Segrovili masalebi araasakmarisi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs „ganCinebadakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze uarisTqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb”.

am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

es „ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenazeuaris Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb” ararTmevs uflebas mxares kvlav aRZras sarCelisasamarTloSi, radgan igive sarCelis adre aRZvra damis mimarT gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotana verdadasturda.


598

kari meSvide

saojaxo, administraciuli,saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi

urTierTobebidan warmoSobili dareketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da

saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTandakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis

Taviseburebani

T a v i XLIII

saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis Taviseburebani

muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero

saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeebis mimarTgamoiyeneba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiim damatebebiT, rac am TavSia dadgenili..

_ saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeTa kategorias miekuT-vneba saqmeebi, romlebic warmoiSoba saqarTvelos sa-moqalaqo kodeqsis mexuTe wignis _ ̀ saojaxo samarT-lis~ normebiT (1106-1305-e muxlebiT) mowesrigebuliurTierTobebidan.

_ am kategoriis saqmeebis ganxilva warmoebs samo-qalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili saqme-Ta ganxilvis saerTo wesebis dacviT, oRond im Tavise-burebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TavSia mocemuli.

muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlisgardacvaleba

erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvalebis SemTx-vevaSi sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqme undaSewydes.

599


_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e muxlis Tanaxmad, erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba an gardacvlilad gamoc-xadeba (317-e muxli) warmoadgens qorwinebis Sewyve-tis safuZvels. amitom, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebasaWiro aRaraa. magram saqme imitomac unda Sewydes, romaRaraa mowinaaRmdege mxare, xolo uflebamonacvle-obas kanoni ar uSvebs (272-e muxlis ̀ e~ qvepunqti).

saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs ganCineba (273-e muxli).

muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgenasasamarTlos iniciativiT

1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciati-viT gansazRvros dasadgen garemoebaTa wreda mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis Semdeg Tvi-Ton gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, romleb-zedac mxareebs ar miuTiTebiaT.2. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobi-

dan warmoSobili saqmeebi ar SeiZleba ga-nixilebodes sxva xasiaTis moTxovnebis Se-saxeb aRZrul saqmeebTan erTad.

_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, marTalia,ganekuTvneba kerZo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebissferos, magram am urTierTobebis ganviTarebiTa dasimtkiciT dainteresebulia mTeli sazogadoeba. am mo-sazrebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is garemoeba, rom sasamarT-los, romelic ixilavs konkretul saojaxo _ samarT-lebriv davas, miniWebuli aqvs farTo uflebebi Tvi-Ton Tavisi iniciativiT miiRos yvela zoma, raTa daad-ginos saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobismqone garemoebebi da gamoitanos samarTliani gadawy-vetileba, kerZod: a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gan-sazRvros mtkicebis sagani, e. i. im garemoebaTa wre, ro-melTa dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia saqmis sworad ga-dawyveta. mxareTa mier miTiTebuli garemoebebiT, sa-


600

samarTlo am SemTxvevaSi, SeboWili araa; b) TviTon Ta-visi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos ara marto is mtkicebu-lebebi, romlebzec miuTiTeben mxareebi, aramed rom-lebzec mxareebi ar miuTiTeben, magram romlebsac aqvTmniSvneloba mtkicebis saganSi Semaval dasadgen (sa-Ziebel) garemoebaTa dasadastureblad.

2. mosarCeles SeuZlia sarCelSi gaaerTianos ramde-nime moTxovna, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imavesafuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi Tu ara (182-e muxli).

_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSo-bili davebis drosac aseTi gaerTianeba, SeerTeba ram-denime moTxovnisa, dasaSvebia, magram mxolod erTi pi-robiT _ Tu es moTxovnebi saojaxo-samarTlebrivi ur-TierTobidan warmoiSoba.

magaliTad, ganqorwinebis saqmis gadawyvetasTan er-Tad meuRleebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon qonebis gayofac.radgan orive es moTxovna wesrigdeba saojaxo samarT-liT, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es moTxovnebi. mag-ram ganqorwinebis saqmesTan erTad ar SeiZleba ganxi-lul iqnes, magaliTad, sesxis, qiravnobis, zianis miye-nebiT da a. S. warmoSobili urTierTobebis safuZvelzeaRZruli saqmeebi, radgan aseTi kategoriis saqmeebiar ganekuTvneba saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobe-bidan warmoSobil saqmeTa kategorias.

muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTigankarguleba

1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamd-gomlobis safuZvelze miiRos droebiTi gan-karguleba, raTa moawesrigos:a) Svilis mimarT mSobelTa zrunvis sa-

kiTxebi;b) erT-erTi mSoblis urTierToba bavSv-

Tan;g) bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema erT-

erTi mSoblisaTvis;

601


d) mcirewlovani bavSvis Senaxvis valde-buleba;e) sakiTxi erT-erTi meuRlis mier meore

meuRlisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis ga-wevis Sesaxeb;v) saojaxo meurneobisa da biniT sargeb-

lobis sakiTxi;z) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobi-

dan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvasTan da-kavSirebiT xarjebis avansis saxiT gadax-devinebis sakiTxi;2. aRniSnul sakiTxebze sasamarTlos gan-

Cineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes zepiriganxilvis gareSe.3. ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos Se-

uZlia, mxareTa gancxadebis safuZvelze, Sec-valos an mTlianad gaauqmos Tavisi ganCi-neba.

1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebzesasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos droebiTi gankargulebe-bi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iqneba amis Sesaxeb mxa-ris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) sasamarTlos mi-marT.

_ droebiTi am gankargulebebs (romlebic ganCine-bis formiT miiReba) imitom ewodeba, rom sabolood essakiTxebi mowesrigdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmeze mi-Rebul gadawyvetilebaSi.

2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebzedroebiTi gankargulebebi, gamotanili ganCinebis for-miT, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Seutyobineblad,saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. magram, Tu sasamarTloamas saWirod CaTvlis, SeuZlia es sakiTxebi mxareTa Set-yobinebebiTa da maTi monawileobiT ganixilos. cxadia,rom maTi gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas dadroebiTi gankargulebis miRebas ver daabrkolebs.

3. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba. es logiku-


602

ria, radgan am ganCinebaSi Camoyalibebuli gankargu-leba droebiTia da sabolood igi aisaxeba gadawyveti-lebaSi, romelzec SeiZleba saapelacio (sakasacio) sa-Civris Setana.

_ amasTan erTad, mxares SeuZlia mimarTos sasamar-Tlos gancxadebiT (ara saCivriT), raTa man Secvalosan gaauqmos es ganCineba. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-neba am gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobis dakmayo-filebis an masze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba argasaCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT da gancxadeba ar gadaig-zavneba zemdgom sasamrTloSi im SemTxvevaSic, rocasasamarTlo uars eubneba mxares ganCinebis (droebiTigankargulebis) Secvlaze an mTlianad gauqmebaze.

muxli 356. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis anqorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb

1. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTiladcnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili gadawyvetile-biT sasamarTlo, Tu amas moiTxoven mxare-ebi TavianTi gancxadebiT, gadawyvets:a) qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvze mSo-

belTa saerTo zrunvis sakiTxs;b) erT-erTi mSoblis qorwinebaSi daba-

debul bavSvTan urTierTobis mowesrige-bis sakiTxs;g) bavSvis erT-erTi mSoblisaTvis gada-

cemis sakiTxs;d) qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvisaTvis

materialuri daxmarebis gawevis (rCenis)sakiTxs.e) meuRleTa urTierTrCenis sakiTxs;2. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad

cnobisa da maTi Sedegebis Sesaxeb sasamar-Tlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. TusasamarTlo calke gamoyofs qorwinebis saq-

603


meebidan gamomdinare sxva saqmeebs, maSinmas am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ da `b~qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul sakiTxebze gamo-aqvs ganCineba. aseTi ganCinebis mimarT da-saSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmo-Sobil saqmeebTan erTad SeiZleba ganixilebodes mxo-lod am urTierTobebidan warmoSobili sxva moTxovne-bis Sesaxeb aRZruli saqmeebi (354-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

_ am zogadi miTiTebidan gamomdinare, am muxlispirveli nawili gansazRvravs qorwinebis an ganqorwi-nebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeebTan erTad Tu ro-meli moTxovnebi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli da gadawy-vetili, rodesac aseT moTxovnebs ayeneben mxareebi.

_ am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. ganqorwi-nebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeTa gan-xilvisas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvi-tos sxva sakiTxebic, rogoricaa magaliTad, Svilebissacxovrebeli adgili, meuRleTa TanasakuTrebaSi ar-sebuli qonebis gayofis sakiTxi, baTilad cnobili qor-winebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi da a. S.(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1128-e, 1130-e, 1147-e muxlebi).

2. erToblivad ganxiluli moTxovnebis mimarT sa-samarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. sasamar-Tlos ufleba aqvs am gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidancalke gamoyos esa Tu is moTxovna; Tu es moTxovnebiganxilulia, maSin maT mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvsganCineba. es Seexeba ̀ a~ da ̀ b~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebulsakiTxebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos calke war-moebad gamoyofili saqmeebis mimarT gamoaqvs gadawy-vetileba.

aRniSnul sakiTxebze gamotanil ganCinebaze SeiZ-leba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).

T a v i XLIV (amoRebulia)


604

Tavi XLIV1

warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaroswevris, an adamianiT movaWris qonebis

GamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis

gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT

muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba

am Tavis miznebisaTvis terminebs aqvTSemdegi mniSvneloba:

a) reketi - Semosavlis an sxvagvariqonebrivi sargeblis sistematurad miReb-is mizniT warmoebuli araerTjeradi daorganizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakav-Sirebulia ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenas-Tan (Tu nasamarTloba ar aris gaqarwyle-buli an moxsnili), Tu igi ganxorcieldaorjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis gan-mavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketirisdapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdis vada;

b) reketuli dajgufeba - Tavisi saqmi-anobiT reketTan dakavSirebuli iuridiu-li piri, agreTve fizikur an/da iuridiulpirTa nebismieri gaerTianeba;

g) reketiri - piri, romelic damoukide-blad an sxva pirTan (pirebTan) erTad war-marTavs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobas,an, sxvagvarad monawileobs reketuli da-jgufebis saqmianobaSi da misTvis cnobil-ia, rom es dajgufeba reketuli dajgufe-baa, agreTve ukanonod wyvets an monawile-obs reketul dajgufebaTa an reketuldajgufebasa da sxva pirTa Soris davebisgadawyvetaSi;

605


g1) adamianiT movaWre - fizikuri aniuridiuli piri an pirTa jgufi romelmacCaidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432 muxlebiT gaTval-iswinebuli danaSauli.

d) ojaxis wevri - reketiris an qurdu-li samyaros wevris adamianiT movaWrismeuRle, arasrulwlovani Svili da geri,agreTve reketirTan, qurduli samyaroswevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan mudmi-vad mcxovrebi piri;

e) axlo naTesavi - reketiri, qurdulisamyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWrisojaxis wevri, pirdapiri aRmavali da daR-mavali Stos naTesavi, da Zma, agreTve mSob-lisa da Svilis gerebi, meuRlis da, Zma damSobeli;

v) reketirTan, qurduli samyaros wevr-Tan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebu-li piri - piri, romelsac iuridiuli do-kumentaciis safuZvelze sakuTrebaSi aqvsqoneba da arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebule-bebi, rom igi miRebulia reketis Sedegadan sxva arakanonieri gziT da am qonebiTsargeblobs reketiri, qurduli samyaroswevri an adamianiT movaWre.

z) reketuli qoneba - reketidan miRe-buli qoneba, am qonebidan miRebuli Semo-savali, reketidan miRebuli SemosavliTSeZenili qoneba, agreTve reketuli da-jgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxiswevris, axlo naTesavis an dakavSirebulipiris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRe-buli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomierisaSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebelisabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.

T) qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba -


606

qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxiswevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan anqurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebulipiris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRe-buli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomierisaSualebebiT miRebis damasturebeli sabu-Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.

i) adamianiT movaWris qoneba - adamian-iT movaWris mier adamianiT vaWrobisaganmiRebuli qoneba, misi ojaxis wevris Semo-savali qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Se-mosavali an sxva arakanonieri gziT miRe-buli qoneba, romlis marTlzomieri saSu-alebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabu-Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.

1. am muxlSi mocemuli terminebis ganmartebaSeiZleba ar daemTxves sxva sakanonmdeblo danormatiul aqtebSi Camoyalibebul igive terminebis(cnebebis) ganmartebas. magram es mxolod imazemigvaniSnebs, rom reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevrisan adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa dasaxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb saqmiswarmoebisas terminebs unda mieceT is mniSvneloba,romelic mocemulia am muxlSi.

2. rac Seexeba terminebs „ukanono qoneba”,„dausabuTebeli qoneba” romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebsgarkveul Sedegs (3565-e muxli), am muxlSiganmartebuli araa. maTi ganmartebisaTvis SeiZlebagamoyenebuli iqnes administraciuli saprocesokodeqsis 215-e muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebebi, ammuxlis Tanaxmad ukanono qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTveam qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili)romelic reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavsan maTTan dakavSirebul pirs mopovebuli aqvT kanonismoTxovnaTa darRveviT.

607


dausabuTebeli qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve amqonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili) romliskanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebelidokumentebi reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs,an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs ar gaaCniaT.

muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvrareketuli, qurduli samyaroswevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebisCamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvisgadacemis Taobaze

1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevrisan adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisada saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sar-Celis aRZvris ufleba aqvs prokurors re-ketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris an adami-aniT movaWris mimarT sasamarTlos ganaCeniskanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 dRis vadaSi.

2. reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da sax-elmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeliSesaZlebelia aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis,reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavisan reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.

3. qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis Cam-orTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemisTaobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras qur-duli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris,axlo naTesavis an qurdul samyaros wevr-Tan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.4. adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTme-

visa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taoba-ze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras adamian-iT movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTe-savis an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSire-buli piris mimarT.


608

T movaWris qonebis CamorTpiris1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sam sakiTxs:

a) visi interesebis dasacavad SeiZleba aRiZrassarCeli da ra Sinaarsisa SeiZleba iyos sasarCelomoTxovna (sarCelis sagani); b) vis SeuZlia mimarTossasamarTlos aseTi sarCeliT; g)ra vadaSi SeiZlebaaRiZras es sarCeli.

a) sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras „reketuli, qurdulisamyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris” qonebisCamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemisTaobaze”. am moTxovnis SinaarsiT ganisazRvrebaaRZruli sarCelis sagani.

raxan sarCelis aRZvris mizania qonebis CamorTmevada am qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema, mxared,kerZod ki mosarCeled, samoqalaqo saprocesosamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, gvevlineba saxelmwifo,radgan sarCeli aRiZvris da sasarCelo moTxovnacmimarTulia misTvis CamorTmeuli qonebisgadacemisaken. es imas niSnavs, rom mxaredprocesualuri gagebiT gvevlineba ara is piri, vincuSualod aRZra sarCeli sxva pirTa interesebisdasacavad, aramed is piri, visi uflebebisa Tuinteresebis dasacavadac aRiZra sarCeli.55

b) zemod aRniSnuli moTxovniT sarCelis aRZvrisufleba miniWebuli aqvs prokurors. mxolodprokurors SeuZlia aRZras „sarCeli reketuli (anqurduli samyaros an adamianiT movaWris) qonebisCamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb”.

is vinc mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT sxva pirTauflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, samoqalaqosaproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT ariswarmomadgeneli, aqedan gamomdinare, marTaliaprokurori amave kanoniT iwodeba rogorc mosarCele,magram miuxedavad amisa, prokuroris procesualur-

55 T. liluaSvili. samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali. Tb. 2005, I I gamocema

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samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba (statusi) SeiZlebaganisazRvros rogorc saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli,romelsac kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli ufleba dadgeniliwesiT mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT da daicvas misiwarmomdgenis - saxelmwifos uflebebi dainteresebi.56

g) sarCelis aRZvris ufleba prokurors aqvs imSemTxvevaSi, Tu reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevrisan adamianiT movaWris mimarT aRZruli iyo sisxlissamarTlis saqme, gamotanilia gamamtyunebeliganaCeni da es ganaCeni Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi.

gansazRvrulia agreTve sarCelis Setanis vada:prokurorma sarCeli unda aRZras 30 dRis vadaSi,am vadis dena iwyeba ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSiSesvlis dRidan.

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom sarCelis aRZvris 30dRiani vada dawesebulia imisaTvis rom rac SeiZlebaswrafad iqnes aRZruli sarCeli prokuroris mier,magram Tu sarCeli aRiZra, magaliTad, ganaCeniskanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 35-e dRes an ufro gvian,sasamarTlos, miuxedavad amisa, mainc SeuZlia miiRosda ganixilos es sarCeli.

2. am muxlis I I, I I I da IV nawilebi gansazRvraven immopasuxeTa wres, romelTa mimarT SeiZleba aRiZrassarCeli. kerZod, Tu sarCeli exeba reketul qonebas,igi SeiZleba aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris,misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an masTandakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu sarCeli exebaqurduli samyaros wevris qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZrasqurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlonaTesavis, an masTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; TusarCeli exeba adamianiT movaWris qonebas, igi SeiZlebaaRiZras adamianiT movaWris misi ojaxis wevris anadamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.

56 3565-e muxlSi miTiTebulia agreTve CamorTmeuli qonebismesame pirebisaTvis da kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis gadacemisTaobaze, magram amis Sesaxeb saubari gveqneba am muxlis komentarSi


610

muxli 3563. qonebis reketuladcnoba, qurduli samyaros wevris anadamianiT movaWris qonebisukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba

1. mosamarTle reketuli dajgufebis,reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTe-savis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli pirisqonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmis war-moebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebuleba-Ta Sefasebis safuZvelze gairkveva, romqoneba miRebulia reketidan, igi warmoad-gens Semosavals reketiT miRebuli qone-bidan, SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli Semo-savliT an ararsebobs reketuli dajgufe-bis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris,axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSire-buli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSu-alebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabu-Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba.

2. mosarCele valdebulia warudginossasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi mopasuxisqonebis reketulobis Taobaze.

3. mosamarTle qurduli samyaros wevris,misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qur-duli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebulipiris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an daus-abuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs qurduli sam-yaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlonaTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTandakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzom-ieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasture-beli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.

4. mopasuxe valdebulia warudginos sasa-marTlos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebisdasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.

5) mosamarTle adamianiT movaWris, misi

611


ojaxis wevris qonebas cnobs ukanonod andausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs adamianiTmovaWris, misi ojaxis wevris qonebis mar-Tlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadas-turebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.6) mopasuxe valdebulia, sasamarTloswarudginos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebisdasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.

1. imisaTvis, rom qoneba CamoerTvas mopasuxes dagadaeces saxelmwifos, aucilebelia winaswar iqnesdadgenili garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi,romelTa xasiaTi da moculoba ramdenadme gansxvavdebaerTmaneTisagan imis mixedviT aRZrulia sarCelireketuli qonebis mimarT, Tu qurduli samyaroswevrisa da adamianiT movaWris qonebis mimarT.

aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi erTi metadmniSvnelovani garemoeba: saqarTvelos samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtisTanaxmad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanilganaCens aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba samoqalaqosaqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis iseTi faqtebismimarT, rogoricaa a) hqonda Tu ara moqmedebasadgili (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi, hqonda Tu aramagaliTad, rekets adgili) da b) Caidina Tu ara esmoqmedeba im pirma, vis mimarTac aRZrulia sarCeli -mopasuxem (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi reketirma, qurdulisamyaros wevrma, adamianiT movaWrem).

am garemoebis gaTvaliswineba miT ufroaucilebelia, rom 3562-e muxlis pirveli nawilisTanaxmad prokurors SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli Tumopasuxis mimarT gamotanilia ganaCeni da igi Sesuliakanonier ZalaSi.

imisaTvis, rom reketuli qoneba CamoerTvasmopasuxes da gadaeces saxelmwifos, uwinares yovlisasasamarTlom es qoneba unda cnos reketulad.mosamarTle qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmeze


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warmodgenili mtkicebulebebisa da kanonier ZalaSiSesuli ganaCenis (ix. 106-e muxlis komentari)safuZvelze damtkicebulad (dadasturebuladCaTvlis, rom (1) qoneba miRebulia reketidan; (2) igiwarmoadgens Semosavals reketidan miRebuliqonebidan; (3) SeZenilia reketiT miRebuliSemosavliT.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aq CamoTvlili garemoebebidadasturdeba, es iqneba sakmarisi imisaTvis, romdakmayofildes prokuroris sarCeli da sasamarTlomTavisi gadawyvetilebiT qoneba CamoarTvas mopasuxesda gadasces igi saxelmwifos. magram, Tu es garemoebebiver dadasturdeba warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT,es kidev ar iZleva sarCelze uaris Tqmis safuZvels.aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios xom ararsebobs sadavo qonebis marTlzomierisaSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebelimtkicebulebebi. Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebiaRmoCndeba - sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uarsetyvis prokurors sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. magram,Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlogamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebisSesaxeb (ix. 3565-e muxlis komentari).

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu romelmxares romeli faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba.

prokurors evaleba warudginos sasamarTlosmtkicebulebebi mopasuxis qonebis reketulobisSesaxeb, magram Tu prokurori ver warudgenssasamarTlos aseT mtkicebulebebs, maSin wardgenilunda iqnes mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebismarTlzomieri saSualebebiT SeZenis dadasturebismizniT. aseT mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamodgesaderZi an qonebis kanonismieri memkvidreobiTmiRebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, jildosmiReba, Cuqebis xelSekruleba, maRali saxelfasoanazRaurebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a.S.

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cxadia, rom sadavo qonebis marTlzomierisaSualebebiT SeZenis damadasturebelimtkicebulebebis warmodgenis movaleoba(damtkicebis tvirTi) SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes.magram, Tu mopasuxem es ver SeZlo, maSin sasamarTlomunda gamoitanos misTvis araxelsayreligadawyvetileba.

3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs qurdulisamyaros wevrisa da aq CamoTvlili pirebis qonebisukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis sakiTxs (ukanonoda dausabuTebeli qonebis cnebis Sesaxeb ix. 3561-emuxlis komentari).

qonebis reketulad cnobisagan gansxavebiT, amSemTxvevaSi saWiro araa rom prokurorma warudginossasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis„qurduli saSualebebiT” mopovebis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis,rom sasamarTlom cnos qurduli samyaros wevrisa dasxvebis qoneba ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,sakmarisia ar arsebobdes am qonebis marTlzomierisaSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari)miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva saxismtkicebuleba.

4. am muxlis me-4 nawiliT damtkicebis tvirTiSemdegnairadaa ganawilebuli mxareebs Soris:prokurorma unda daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe arisqurduli samyaros wevri, misi ojaxis wevri, axlonaTesavi an masTan dakavSirebuli piri. es faqtiurigaremoebebi qmnis varauds imisaTvis, rom am pirTaqoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia. amitom,prokurori Tavisufldeba Semdgomi mtkicebule-bebis warmodgenis movaleobisagan.

mopasuxeebs ekisrebaT am varaudis gaqarwylebismovaleoba, risTvisac maT unda warudginonsasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, imis dasadastureblad,rom sadavo qoneba sinamdvileSi SeZeniliamarTlzomieri saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 naw.komentari).


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5. me-5 nawiliT gansazRvrulia adamianiT movaWrisan misi ojaxis wevris qonebis ukanonod dadausabuTeblad cnobis safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebiigivea rac qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis ukanonodda dausabuTeblad cnoba: adamianiT movaWris misiojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiTmopovebis damadasturebeli sabuTis an sxvamtkicebulebis ararseboba.

6. am muxlis me-6 nawili, ise rogorc am muxlis me-4nawili, damtkicebis tvirTs mxareTa SorisSemdegnairad anawilebs: prokurorma undadaamtkicos, rom mopasuxe adamianiT movaWrea an misiojaxis wevria. am faqtis damtkicebiT iqmneba varaudirom mopasuxis qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia.am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mopasuxem undadaamtkicos, rom qoneba SeZenilia marTlzomierisaSualebebiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddebavaraudi da sadavo qoneba cnobili iqneba ukanonod dadausabuTeblad aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT(ix.3565-e muxlis komentari).

muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba

Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom reketu-li dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli sam-yaros wevris, adamianiT movaWris, maTiojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an an reke-tirTan, qurduli samyarosTan an adamian-iT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mflo-belobaSi arsebul qonebas gadamalaven andaxarjaven anda sxvagvarad gaasxviseben,prokurori valdebulia gancxadebiT mi-marTos sasamarTlos qonebaze, maT Sorissabanko angariSebze yadaRis dadebisTaobaze.

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1. ssk 191-e muxlis Tanaxmad mosarCeles SeuZliamimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sarCelisuzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndebadasabuTebuli varaudi imis Sesaxeb, romuzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebsan SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelisuzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.

3564-e muxli avalebs mosarCele - prokurorsmimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sadavo qonebis(maT Soris sabanko angariSebis) dayadaRebis Sesaxeb,Tu arsebos monacemebi, rom am muxlSi dasaxelebulipirebi gadamalaven, daxarjaven an gaasxviseben maTmflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas.

SeZlebisdagvarad es monacemebi prokurorma undawarudginos sasamarTlos, raTa mas SeeqmnasdasabuTebuli varaudi, rom qonebas marTlacgadamalaven, daxarjaven da a.S.

sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCinebauzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, Tumca araasavaldebulo misTvis prokuroris Suamdgomlobaqonebis dayadadRebis Sesaxeb. am kodeqsis 198-e muxliiTvaliswinebs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxvaRonisZiebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos isRonisZieba, romelsac ufro mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.

muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad,ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobisiuridiuli Sedegebi

1. Tu sasamarTlom am Tavis 3563 muxlisSesabamisad reketuli dajgufebis, reket-iris, qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxiswevris, axlo naTesavis, adamianiT movaWrisan misi ojaxis wevris reketirTan an qur-duli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebulipiris qoneba reketulad, ukanonod an daus-


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abuTeblad, cno, aseTi qoneba mesame piriskanonieri interesebis dakmayofilebis Sem-deg gadaecema mis kanonier mesakuTres, xolokanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblo-bis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos.

2. Tu qonebis reketuloba, ukanonobaan dausabuTebloba nawilobriv dastur-deba, kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonierimesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTx-vevaSi - saxelmwifos gadaecema mopasuxisqonebis is nawili, romlis arareketulo-bas, kanonierebas an dasabuTebulobas mo-pasuxe sasamarTlo wesiT ver daadasturebs.

3. Tu SeuZlebelia reketuli, ukanonoan dausabuTebeli qonebis pirvandeli mdgo-mareobiT kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelm-wifosaTvis dabruneba, mopasuxes daekisrebaam qonebis ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxisgadaxda.

4. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba reket-uli, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebiskanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvisgadacemis Taobaze aRsruldeba „saaRsrule-bo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb“„ saqarTvelos kano-niT dadgenili wesiT.„„+_

1. rogorc am muxlis saxelwodebidanac savsebiTnaTlad Cans igi eZRvneba qonebis reketulad,ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiul Sedegs.Tu 3562-e muxlis azriT, SinaarsiTa da logikiTvixelmZRvanelebT es Sedegebi unda gamoixatosmopasuxisaTvis qonebis CamorTmeviTa da misisaxelmwifosaTvis gadacemiT.

magram am muxlis pirvel nawilSi pirveladgamoCndnen „mesame pirebi” da „kanonierimesakuTre”, kerZod, Tu sasamarTlom mopasuxisqoneba cno reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,

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maSin am qonebiT pirvel rigSi unda dakmayofildesmesame piris kanonieri interesebi, meore rigSi,darCenili qoneba unda gadaeces mis kanoniermesakuTres, xolo, mesame rigSi, qoneba SeiZlebagadaeces saxelmwifos oRond erTi pirobiT, Tu veriqneba dadgenili kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba.

ibadeba praqtikuli kiTxva: vin (sasamarTlom,prokurorma) da rogor unda gamoavlinos dadaadginos mesame pirebi da kanonieri mesakuTre?

amis Taobaze am Tavis arcerT muxlSi miTiTeba araa.migvaCnia, rom es seriozuli xarvezia

kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic unda Seavsos praqtikam.erTi ram cxadia, am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad

sakiTxi kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis qonebis gadacemisSesaxeb unda aisaxos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi.es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda daadginoskanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba da gadawyvitos misTvisqonebis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi.

aq ibadeba kidev erTi praqtikuli sakiTxi: Tu amkanonier mesakuTres ar surs saqmeSi monawileobismiReba arc sadavo qonebaze ar aqvs raime pretenzia,Tumca aSkaraa, rom igi adre iyo am qonebis kanonierimesakuTre, rogor unda moiqces aseT SemTxvevaSisasamarTlo?

aq mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT erTfundameturi sakiTxi: prokurors kanoniT miniWebuliaqvs ufleba aRZras „sarCeli reketuli....... qonebisCamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemisTaobaze”, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba aRZras sarCelisxva fizikur Tu iuridiul pirTa maT Soris mesamepirTa da kanonier mesakuTreTa uflebebis dasacavad.(ix. me-2 da me-3 muxlebis komentari). winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi es iqneboda dispoziciurobis principisuxeSi darRveva. miT umetes, amis ufleba ar SeiZlebahqondes sasamarTlos romelic SeboWilia sasarCelomoTxovnis farglebiT.


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amrigad, am e.w. mesame pirebma da kanoniermamesakuTreebma TviTon unda mimarTon sasamarTlossarCeliT, Tu maT aqvT raime pretenzia im qonebismimarT, romlis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvisgadacemis sakiTxs ixilavs sasamarTlo. im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac am pirebma Seityves saxelmwifosaTvis qonebisgadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanis SemdegmaT SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamarTlos sarCeliT saerTowesis dacviT.

2. am muxlis me-3 nawilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSisasamarTlos daWirdeba imis gansazRvra, Tu raodenobiT ganisazRvreba CamosarTmevi qonebisekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxa, romlis gadaxdaSeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes. amisaTvis sasamarTlosSeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).

muxli 3566. dauswrebeligadawyvetileba

1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevrisan adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisTaobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas,rodesac gamocxadda reketiris qurdulisamyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlonaTesavis adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxiswevris an reketirTan an qurduli samyaroswevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT Zebna,ar gamoiyeneba am kodeqsis 233-e muxlispirveli nawilis „„g“„ qvepunqti.

2. mxares, romelic ar gamocxadda sasa-marTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRisvadaSi.

3. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-iswinebul SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sasamarT-lo uwyebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebis (Sety-

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obinebis) am kodeqsis VIII TaviT dadgeniliwesi.

1. 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „g” punqtisTanaxmad sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebisgamotana dauSvebelia, Tu „g) gamoucxadebel mxaresdroulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebisSesaxeb”.

es qvepunqti ar gamoiyeneba da, maSasadame,dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotaniliiqnes iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac reketuli, qurdulisamyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebisCamorTmevis Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebisganxilvisas mopasuxeebis mimarT gamocxadda Zebna.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis asli egzavneba im mxares, romelic argamocxadda sasamarTloSi da, maSasadame, romlismimarTac gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.gansazRvrulia agreTve am aslis gagzavnis vada - 5 dRedauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan.

3. me-3 nawili Seicavs mniSvnelovan praqtikuldanawess: im SemTxvevaSiac ki, rodesac mopasuxismimarT gamocxadebulia Zebna, uwyeba calkeulisaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa, Tu sasamarTlosmTavari sxdomis Sesaxeb mxares egzavneba 70-78-emuxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

T a v i XLIV

administraciuli da saxelmwifo samarTlebriviurTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis

ganxilvis Taviseburebani

muxli 357-363.

amoRebulia saqarTvelos 1999 wlis 10 dekembriskanoniT.


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wigni mesame

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTagasaCivreba

kari merve

apelacia

T a v i XLV

apelaciis dasaSveboba

muxli 364. saapelacio saCivrisSetana

sasamarTlos pirveli instanciiT gamot-anili gadawyvetileba mxareebma da mesamepirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTx-ovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSigaasaCivron saapelacio sasamarTloSi

1. es muxli gansazRvravs or fundamentur sakiTxs:a) saapelacio gasaCivrebis obieqts, anu sasamarTlosromeli gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saape-lacio sasamarTloSi da b) saapelacio saCivris ufle-bis subieqtebs, anu vin SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapela-cio wesiT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi.

a) saapelacio saCivris obieqti SeiZleba iyos ra-ionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis maT Soris magist-rati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebebi, amave sasamarT-loebis mier gamotanili ganCinebebi dauswrebeli ga-dawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivrisdakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi ZalaSi datove-bis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili) da maTi ganmeo-rebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi (366-e muxlisme-2 nawili).

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b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebia mxa-reebi, e. i. mosarCele da mopasuxe, agreTve mesame pi-ri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.

saapelacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebia agreTve Ta-namonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi),romlebic sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT,romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxa-reebs (87-e muxli).

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tanamonawileobis safuZ-vels warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis ̀ a~ qve-punqti), e. i. sarCelis sagania saerTo ufleba, maSinerT-erT mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos saapelacio sa-Civari gadawyvetilebaze nebismier farglebSi. igiveSeuZlia erT-erT mopasuxes (Tanamopasuxes), roca val-debuleba solidarulia. magram im SemTxvevaSi, rocaerT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelissxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva an erTi da igive mopa-suxis mimarT, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles (Tanamosar-Celes) SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba im nawil-Si, romelic erT sarCelSi gaerTianebul mis moTxov-nas exeba. igive wesi unda gavrceldes Tanamopasuxeeb-zec, rodesac maT mimarT aRZrulia ara erTiani, ara-med sxvadasxva (gancalkevebuli) moTxovnebi.

_ Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvserT-erT Tanamonawiles (87-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gasa-Civrebis uflebamosilebiT, maSin mas SeuZlia gaasaCiv-ros gadawyvetileba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilob-riv.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyveti-lebiT gansazRvrulia iseTi piris uflebebi da mo-valeobebi, romelic ar figurirebda saqmeSi arc mxa-red, arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT, arcTanamonawiled, arc uflebamonacvled da aqedan ga-momdinare arc saqmeSi yofila Cabmuli da arc dabare-buli (mowveuli), aseT pirs unda mieces ufleba gaa-saCivros gadawyvetileba, radgan darRveulia misifundamenturi ufleba, monawileoba miiRos sasa-


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marTloSi im saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic mis ufle-bas Seexeba.

nebismier pirs, romelic araa moxseniebuli gadaw-yvetilebaSi, magram romelsac miaCnia, rom am gadawy-vetilebiT dairRva an Seilaxa misi uflebebi, SeuZliamimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT am uflebis dasaca-vad da ara saCivriT am gadawyvetilebaze.

_ rac Seexeba uflebamonacvles (92-e muxli), masSeuZlia Seasrulos yvela is saproceso moqmedeba (maTSoris gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba), romlis Sesrule-bis ufleba eqneboda mis winamorbeds, rom ar gasuli-yo saqmidan.

amrigad, gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCiv-rebis ufleba aqvT: mxareebs (mosarCeles, mopasuxes),mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT,maT uflebamonacvleebs, Tanamonawileebs (Tanamo-sarCeleebs, Tanamopasuxeebs) maTi TanamonawileobissafuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi, pirebs, rom-lebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorcmxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gani-sazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxa-ris mimarT.

aq CamoTvlil pirTa warmomadgenels SeuZlia gaa-saCivros gadawyvetileba, Tu amis Sesaxeb pirdapiraamiTiTebuli mis saxelze marwmuneblis mier gacemulmindobilobaSi (98-e muxli).

2. gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebisvada aris 14 dRe, romlis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar Se-iZleba (369-e muxli).

muxli 365. saapelacio saCivrisRirebuleba

saapelacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebrivdavebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu davissagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 1 000 lars.es Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT,

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Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiTSecvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris da-saSvebobis mxolod erT pirobas _ mis Rirebulebasqonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi.

_ saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvrisassaapelacio sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos orisaproceso dokumentiT: sarCeliT, romelSic Camoya-libebulia mosarCelis moTxovna (sarCelis sagani) dagasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovna gani-sazRvreba fuladi TanxiT, romelic ar aRemateba 1000lars, maSin cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivari ar SeiZ-leba aRematebodes am Tanxas da igi dauSvebelia. ase-ve advilad gairkveva da gadawydeba es sakiTxi, rocafuladi Tanxa aRemateboda 1000 lars da sasamarTlomnawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli. Tu gadawyvetile-biT dakmayofilebuli nawili aRemateba 1000 lars, mo-pasuxes SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba am nawil-Si, magram Tu gadawyvetilebiT daukmayofilebeli na-wili ar aRemateba 1000 lars, mosarCelis saapelaciosaCivari gadawyvetilebis am nawilze dauSvebeli iq-neba.

saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZ-leba garTuldes, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovnis Sina-arsi ganisazRvreba ara fuladi TanxiT, aramed nivTe-biT an sxva vadiani Tu uvado gasacemiTa da gadasaxde-liT da a. S. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi Camoya-libebulia me-40-42-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komen-tari). kerZod, davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCe-le, magram Tu mis mier miTiTebuli fasi ar Seesabamebasadavo qonebis namdvil Rirebulebas, maSin am fass gan-sazRvravs mosamarTle (me-40 muxli). davis sagnis fa-sis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba sarCelis Se-tanis dros arsebuli fasebi, xolo gadawyvetilebis


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gasaCivrebisas _ `saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arse-buli fasebi~ (me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili).

_ aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis fasi da saapelaciosaCivris fasi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs imisgamo, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgenis dros sadavonivTebis fasebi Semcirda an, piriqiT, gaizarda.

saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZ-leba kidev ufro garTuldes, rodesac gasaCivrebuligadawyvetilebiT mosarCeles miekuTvna mxolod nawi-li qonebisa (nivTebisa), xolo nawilze uari eTqva. amSemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba sakiTxi, ra Rirebulebisaa qo-nebis is nawili, romelzec uari eTqva an romelTa mi-marTac sarCeli dakmayofilda.

_ Tu saCivris Rirebulebis moculoba iwvevs eWvs,maSin am Rirebulebis sarwmunod damtkicebis (dadas-turebis) tvirTi ekisreba apelants. Rirebulebis mo-culobis dasadastureblad apelantma SeiZleba wa-rudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos specialistis das-kvna, amonakrebi presis furclebidan, romelSic miTi-Tebulia sadavo nivTebis sabazro Rirebuleba, ofi-cialurad damtkicebuli preiskurantebi da a. S.

muxli 366. dauswrebeligadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiTgasaCivrebis dauSvebloba

1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZ-leba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT im mxa-rem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamo-tanili.2. saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxo-

lod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebismimarT, romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiTdauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRarSeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebisgamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyveti-leba saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivr-

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des mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arse-bobda ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawy-vetilebis gamotanisaTvis Sesabamisi samar-Tlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.

1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs pir-veli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZle-ba gasaCivrdes ara saapelacio wesiT, aramed imave sa-samarTloSi (236-e muxli). saapelacio wesiT SeiZlebagasaCivrdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivrisdakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

2. ar aris gamoricxuli iseTi viTareba, rodesac er-Ti da igive piris mimarT gamotanilia ori dauswrebe-li gadawyvetileba da arc erTi ar aris gauqmebuli anpirveli gauqmebulia, magram meore ara.

magaliTad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxaddamxare. sasamarTlom gamoitana mis winaaRmdeg dausw-rebeli gadawyvetileba. es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivraam mxarem. sasamarTlom kvlav gamoitana mis mimarT me-ore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba saCivris dakmayofi-lebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es meore gadawyvetilebaSeiZleba gaasaCivros am mxarem mxolod saapelacio we-siT.

SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxvagvari viTarebac: mxarem, ro-melmac gaasaCivra pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyveti-leba, gamocxadda misi saCivris ganxilvaze. ganxilvisSedegad dadasturda, rom gamoucxadebloba gamowve-uli iyo sapatio mizeziT. sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-Cineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa dasaqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (241-e muxli). mxareTa Tx-ovniT amave sxdomaze sarCelis ganxilva ar Sedga dadainiSna am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva dRe.magram am sxdomaze kvlav ar gamocxadda momCivani mxa-re. mis mimarT meored (ganmeorebiT) gamotanil iqna da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, marTa-


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lia mis mimarT arsebobs ara ori, aramed erTi dausw-rebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan pirveli dauswrebeligadawyvetileba mis mimarT gauqmebulia, magram miuxe-davad amisa, am mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saCivriT mxo-lod saapelacio (da ara imave) sasamarTlos.

_ meore (ganmeorebiT) dauswrebel gadawyvetile-baze Setanili saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba emyarebo-des 241-e muxlSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, romelTa ar-sebobis SemTxvevaSi kanoni krZalavs dauswrebeli ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanas saerTod (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari).

muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSicSeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana

werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili saapela-cio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes im sasa-marTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapela-cio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.

_ praqtikuli sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba wamoiWrasam muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, mdgomareobsSemdegSi: iTvleba Tu ara saapelacio saCivari Setani-lad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi Setanilia ara im sasa-marTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT ga-saCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed uSualod saape-lacio sasamarTloSi?

am kiTxvas dadebiTad unda vupasuxoT: saapelaciosaCivari unda CaiTvalos Setanilad im SemTxvevaSic,roca igi SeaqvT uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.

am saCivris miuReblobiT da misi apelantisaTvisukan dabrunebiT, rac sakmaod did dros moiTxovs, ape-lantma SeiZleba gauSvas gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniTdadgenili dro da dakargos apelaciis ufleba. faq-tiurad es iqneboda sruliad gaumarTlebeli da ara-Tanazomieri sasjeli mxolod imisaTvis, rom apelan-

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tma mimarTa uSualod im sasamarTlos, romelmac undaganixilos saCivari.

amrigad, saapelacio saCivari vadaSi Semotanilad iT-vleba im SemTxvevaSic, roca igi Setanilia uSualod saa-pelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ga-moiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan saqme da SeamowmossaCivris dasaSveboba da dasabuTebuloba ise, rogorcamas igi akeTebs, roca saapelacio saCivars saqmesTan er-Tad iRebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlodan.

muxli 368. saapelacio saCivrisSinaarsi

1. saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis

saxelzedac aris Sedgenili saCivari;b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,

romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust

dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyveti-lebis gamomtan sasamarTloze;d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyve-

tilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;e) miTiTebas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs ga-

dawyvetilebis usworoba da konkretuladras moiTxovs saapelacio saCivris Semtanipiri;v) miTiTebas garemoebebze, romlebic asa-

buTeben saapelacio saCivars, da mtkice-bulebebze, romelebic adastureben am ga-remoebebs;z) saapelacio saCivarze darTuli weri-

lobiTi masalebis nusxas.2. saapelacio saCivari, agreTve damate-

biT Semosuli masalebi sasamarTlos wa-redgineba imdeni aslis darTviT, ramdenimonawilec aris saqmeSi.


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3. saapelacio saCivars xels awers misiSemtani piri an warmomadgeneli.4. Tu uflebamosilebis damadasturebe-

li sabuTi saqmeSi ar aris, warmomadgen-lis mier Setanil saapelacio saCivars un-da daerTos saapelacio saCivris Setanazemisi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli min-dobiloba.5. Tu saapelacio saCivari ar upasuxebs

zemoCamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifobaJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo ava-lebs saCivris Semtan pirs Seavsos xarvezi,risTvisac mas vadas uniSnavs. Tu am vadaSixarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, saapelaciosaCivari aRar miiReba.

1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris saval-debulo rekvizitebs (Semadgenel elementebs), romel-Ta erToblioba qmnis saapelacio saCivris Sinaarss.

a) saapelacio saCivris adresati aris saapelacio sa-samarTlo. amitom, saapelacio saCivari Tumca Setanilunda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gasa-Civrebuli gadawyvetileba (367-e muxli), magram saape-lacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im saapelacio sasamar-Tlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos saCivari.

b) saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos uSualoddainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma. ami-tom, saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im piris da-saxelebas da misamarTs, visac Seaqvs saCivari. Tu saa-pelacio saCivari Seaqvs warmomadgenels (ix. am muxlisme-3 da me-4 nawilebi), maSin saCivarSi miTiTebuli un-da iyos am warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi,rac cxadia ar gamoricxavs, rom paralelurad miTiTe-buli iyos marwmuneblis dasaxeleba da misamarTi.

g) saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebis ara marto dasaxelebas, aramed mas

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Tan unda erTvodes am gadawyvetilebis saTanadod da-mowmebuli asli.

d) saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-Civris farglebiT (377-e muxli). cxadia, rom saapela-cio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTe-buli, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivre-buli, roca igi mxolod nawilobriv da ara mTlianadsaCivrdeba.

e) saapelacio sasamarTlos, saCivris farglebSi, Se-uZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobri-vi, ise iuridiuli mxare (377-e muxli).

amitom, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saapela-cio saCivarSi imis naTlad Camoyalibeba, Tu konkretu-lad raSi gamoixateba gadawyvetilebis usworoba.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiTgadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli faqtobrivad,maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu raSi gamoixatebakonkretulad faqtobrivi dausabuTebloba (araswora-daa gansazRvruli mtkicebis sagani, arasworadaa gana-wilebuli mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTi, sasamarT-los daskvnebi faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxebar emyareba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs, gadawy-vetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli, Tu ratom uaryo (ar gai-ziara) sasamarTlom saqmeSi arsebuli esa Tu is mtki-cebuleba da a. S.).

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiTgadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli iuridiulad, ma-Sin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad raSivlindeba gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTeblo-ba, kerZod, romeli kanonia darRveuli da raSi gamoi-xateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar un-da gamoeyenebina, arasworad gaigo kanonis azri da Si-naarsi da a. S. ix. 393-e muxlis komentari).

aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras mo-iTxovs apelanti: gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saq-mis xelaxla ganxilvas, gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da


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saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas Tu sarCelis ganuxilveladdatovebas.

v) cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobrivTu samarTlebriv usworobaze (dausabuTeblobaze) mi-TiTeba ar kmara. saCivarSi aucileblad unda iyos mi-TiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben gadaw-yvetilebis faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv usworobas(dausabuTeblobas), agreTve mtkicebulebebze, rom-lebic adastureben am garemoebebs. saapelacio saCi-varSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos saqmeSi arsebul mtki-cebulebebze, romlebic ar Seafasa gasaCivrebuli ga-dawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom, arasworad Se-afasa an ar miuTiTa, Tu ratom uaryo igi. amasTan er-Tad, apelants SeuZlia warmoadginos saapelacio sa-samarTloSi axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli), ro-melTa miRebis sakiTxs wyvets saapelacio sasamarTlokanoniT dadgenili pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT (380-e da 382-e muxlebi). es axali mtkicebulebebi, Tu isinimiTiTebulia saapelacio saCivarSi, unda erTvodes amsaCivars, magram isini SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes mog-vianebiTac, Tu apelanti ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver as-wrebs maT warmodgenas saCivarTan erTad. mxedvelo-baSia werilobiTi da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, agreT-ve eqspertis daskvna, Sedgenili apelantis TxovniT.rac Seexeba axlad dasaxelebul mowmeebs, isini SeiZ-leba gamoiZaxos saapelacio sasamarTlom am kodeqsis380-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. ammuxlis komentari) da dakiTxos am kodeqsiT dadgeni-li wesiT (140-153-e muxlebi).

z) erTi SexedviT, am qvepunqtis miTiTeba (danawe-si) arc ise mniSvnelovania. sinamdvileSi misi Sesru-leba Tavidan agvacdens mTel rig seriozul gaugeb-robebs, romlebsac zogjer adgili aqvs praqtikaSi, ro-desac apelanti acxadebs, rom man Tan daurTo saCi-vars esa Tu is masala, magram ratomRac igi saqmeSi aRa-raa.

aqedan gamomdinare, saapelacio sasamarTlom saa-

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pelacio saCivris miRebisas unda Seamowmos, ramdenadSeesabameba am saCivarSi miTiTebuli nusxa (CamonaTva-li) im werilobiT (nivTier) masalebs, romlebic namd-vilad erTvis am saCivars.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamovlindeba Seusabamoba sa-Civris nusxasa da masze darTul masalebs Soris, saa-pelacio sasamarTlom dauyovnebliv unda acnobos amisSesaxeb apelants Tavisi ganCinebiT xarvezis SevsebisSesaxeb.

2. saapelacio saCivari da TandarTuli sabuTebis as-lebi egzavneba mowinaaRmdege mxares (373-e muxli). ami-Taa ganpirobebuli apelantis movaleoba warmoadginossaapelacio saCivari da masze darTuli an mogvianebiTwarmodgenili masalebi imdeni aslis raodenobiT, ram-deni mowinaaRmdegec aris saqmeSi.

3. saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos rogorcuSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivarsxels awers is, visac Seaqvs saCivari.

4. warmomadgenelma rom Seitanos saapelacio saCi-vari, amisaTvis ar kmara mxolod warmomadgenloba.amis Taobaze aucilebelia specialurad iyos aRniSnu-li mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli). amitom, saapelacio sa-samarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos mindobiloba,xolo Tu aseTi mindobiloba araa saqmeSi, maSin igi un-da erTvodes saapelacio saCivars.

_ iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio saCivariSemoaqvs Tumca mxaris warmomadgenels, magram ro-melsac ar aqvs aseTi saCivris wardgenis uflebamosi-leba, maSin sasamarTlom aseT warmomadgenels undadauniSnos vada xarvezis Sesavsebad Tavisi ganCinebiT.

magram, Tu saCivari Semoaqvs sruliad gareSe pirs,romelic arc adre da arc amJamad ar monawileobda saq-meSi da ar gaaCnia warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosile-ba _ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCi-neba saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (374-emuxli). xarvezis Sevsebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxo-lod maSin, roca saCivari Semoaqvs mxares an mis warmo-


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madgenels, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri uflebam-osileba amisaTvis, an mas ar aqvs ufleba gamovides war-momadgenlad saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi(440-e muxli).

5. xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlosgamoaqvs ganCineba. apelants SeuZlia sTxovos sasamar-Tlos xarvezis SevsebisaTvis ganCinebiT daniSnuli va-dis gagrZeleba mxolod konkretuli saproceso mo-qmedebis Sesasruleblad daniSnul vadis amowurvam-de. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciati-viTac gaagrZelos es vada (64-e muxli). magram, Tu vadaar gagrZelebula, an vada gavida, saapelacio sasamarT-los gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilve-lad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (374-emuxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mierSemotanili saxelmwifo baJi.

muxli 369. saapelacio saCivrisSetanis vada

1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada Sead-gens 14 dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdge-na) ar SeiZleba da igi iwyeba mxarisTvisdasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemismomentidan. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileb-is gadacemis momentad iTvleba dasabuTe-buli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisTvisCabareba am kodeqsis 70-e-78-e muxlebisSesabamisad.2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis ga-

mocxadebas eswreba saapelacio saCivris Se-tanis uflebis mqone piri, saapelacio saCiv-ris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebismomentidan.

1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis 14 dRiani vadis arcgagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar SeiZleba. amitom, kidev

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ufro did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustadgansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba saapelacio saCivrisSetanis vada da saidan - am vadis dena.

saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyisi gan-isazRvreba mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli (motivirebu-li) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentiT, xolo, TudasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli,maSin es vada iwyeba gamocxadebis momentidan oRondim pirobiT, Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebismqone piri eswreboda gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas.

dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis mxarisaTvis gada-cemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis damowme-buli aslis xelze micema mxarisaTvis an misi warmo-madgenlisaTvis uSvalod sasamarTloSi, rac manunda daadasturos Sedgenil xelwerilze sakuTarixelmoweriTa da TariRis miTiTebiT, an misi mxari-saTvis gadagzavnis dro. gagzavnis drod miCneuliunda iqnes dro, rodesac gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaegzavna mxares,oRond saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos damadasture-beli cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetileb-is asli Cabarda adresats.

2. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris Set-anis vadis dasawyiss, magram ar gansazRvravs Tu said-an iwyeba vadis dena. es imitom, rom vadis denisdasawyiss zogadad gansazRvravs me-60 muxlis meorenawili (ix.am muxlis komentari), romlis Tanaxmad wlee-biT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso va-dis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenisdadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvruliamisi dasawyisi.

es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio saCivris Set-anis vada iwyeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gada-cemis an gamocxadebis momentidan, maSin am saCivrisSetanis vadis dena iwyeba am momentis momdevno dRi-dan. magaliTad, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gada-cema moxda 10 seqtembers. maSasadame 10 seqtemberi


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aris gasaCivrebis vadis dasawyisi. vadis denis aTvlaki daiwyeba momdevno dRidan, e.i. 11 seqtembridan dadamTavrdeba 24 seqtembers saRamos 12 saaTze.

saproceso vadis dasawyisisa da am vadis denis (aTv-lis) dasawyisis kanoniT dadgenili wesis ganuxreladdacvis sakiTxi ganmtkicebuli aqvs saqarTvelos uze-naesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotre-bis saqmeTa sakasacio palatas Tavis erT-erT gan-CinebaSi.57

muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebazeuaris Tqma

Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdegmxare sasamarTlos an mowinaaRmdege mxa-res werilobiTi formiT ganucxadebs uarssaapelacio gasaCivrebaze, saapelacio sa-Civari aRar daiSveba.

_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma mxaris uf-lebaa. am uflebis realizacias ukavSirdeba garkveu-li iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, mxare romelmac aseTiuari ganacxada, kargavs uflebas gaasaCivros gadawy-vetileba saapelacio wesiT.

_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia warmoma-dgenlis meSveobiTac, oRond im pirobiT, Tu mas eq-neba amaze specialuri uflebamosileba.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqosaqmeTa sakasacio palatam araerTgzis miuTiTa,rom saapelacio saCivari ar daiSveba mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu aseT gasaCivrebaze uari Tqva mxar-em an mis mier specialurad uflebamosilma pirma.58

_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia rogorc ga-

57 ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #4, gv.3-458 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze , 2005, #3, gv.242

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dawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis, ise motivire-buli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.

_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebiamxolod werilobiTi formiT, magram Tu aseTi uari ze-pirad iqna gamoTqmuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis-Tanave, igi Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi da dadasturdesgamncxadebeli mxaris xelmoweriT. amasTan erTad, masunda ganemartos, rom igi kargavs saapelacio saCivrisSemotanis uflebas. amitom misi saCivari, Tu igi miuxe-davad amisa, mainc iqneba Semotanili, ganuxilveladdarCeba dauSveblobis gamo (ix. 374-e da 378-e muxlebiskomentari).

_ mxare, romelmac uari ganacxada saapelacio gasa-Civrebaze, kvlav moipovebs am uflebas, Tu mowinaaRm-dege mxare, romelsac uari ar uTqvams gasaCivrebaze,Semoitans saapelacio saCivars Segebebuli saapelaciosaCivris formiT kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi (379-e mux-li).

muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavnasaapelacio sasamarTloSi

saapelacio saCivris Sesvlis Semdeg pir-veli instanciis sasamarTlo dauyovneblivgadaugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlosmTlianad saqmes, agreTve damatebiT Semo-sul yvela masalas.

_ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo ar amowmebs saa-pelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs da saqmes saCi-varTan erTad agzavnis dauyovnebliv saapelacio sa-samarTloSi.

_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia ara gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, arameduSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi, maSin saapelaciosasamarTlom saqme unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasa-marTlodan (ix. 367-e muxlis komentari).


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T a v i XLVI

saqmis warmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi

muxli 372. zogadi debulebani

saqmis ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloSiwarmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgeni-lia pirveli instanciiT saqmeTa ganxilvi-saTvis, am TavSi mocemuli cvlilebebiTada damatebebiT.

_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia mniSvnelovani wesi,romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlo, marTalia,aris meore instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic amowmebspirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetileba-Ta faqtobriv da iuridiul dasabuTebulobas, magramsaqmeTa ganxilvisas igi xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSisaqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis.

_ amasTan erTad, saqmeTa ganxilva saapelacio sasa-marTloebSi xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT,rac ganpirobebulia am sasamarTlos amocanebiTa dafunqciebiT. swored es Taviseburebania Camoyalibe-buli am TavSi.

muxli 373. saqmis momzadebasaapelacio sasamarTlos mTavarsxdomaze gansaxilvelad

1. saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavarsxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs saapela-cio sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle(momxsenebeli mosamarTle), romelic amow-mebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas dagamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba, gadaugzavnismowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa

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da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs da dauni-Snavs mas vadas werilobiTi Sesagebliswarmosadgenad, romelic unda Seicavdespasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: eTanxmeba Tu arasaapelacio saCivris moTxovnebs; Tu areTanxmeba ra garemoebebs emyareba misiSesagebeli; xom ar apirebs Segebebulisaapelacio saCivris Semotanas, axali faqte-bisa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodge-nas da Tu apirebs, ra mizeziT ar war-moadgina isini pirveli instanciis sasa-marTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas. axal faqteb-sa da mtkicebulebebs saapelacio sasamarT-lo miiRebs am kodeqsis 380-e da 382-emuxlebis moTxovnaTa dacviT.2. momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia Seas-

rulos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva sapro-ceso moqmedebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofssaqmis swrafad da sworad ganxilvas. masSeuZlia agreTve daniSnos mosamzadebelisxdoma am kodeqsis 205-e muxlis Sesabamis-ad. saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs zomebssaqmis morigebiT damTavrebis mizniT.

1. es muxli amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvlsazrisiTmetad mniSvnelovan wess, romlis Tanaxmad saapelaciosaCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs saapelacio sasamarT-los mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, rogorc wesi esiqneba momxsenebeli mosamarTle da, rac aranaklebmniSvnelovania, am saCivris safuZvelze Semosulsaqmes mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs es mo-samarTle aseve erTpirovnulad, saapelacio sa-Civris dasaSvebobis Semowmebisa da saapelacio sasa-marTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad momzadebisaseTi wesi udavod Seuwyobs xels saapelacio saCivrisdroulad ganxilvasa da sworad gadawyvetas.

- saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis


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mizniT mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos yvela im pirobisarseboba an ararseboba (dasaSvebobis dadebiTi da uary-ofiTi winapirobebi), romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs saa-pelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas (ix.374-e muxlis komen-tari). Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad saapelacio sasa-marTlos mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom saapela-cio saCivari dasaSvebia igi gamoitans ganCinebas saapel-acio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb da (ix. 374-e muxlis komentari), iwyebs saqmis momzadebas saapela-cio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad.

saqmis saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazegansaxilvelad momzadebas ki sagangebo yuradRebaunda mieqces, radgan aseTi momzadebis xarisxze damok-idebulia saqmis droulad, sworad da samarTlianadganxilva da gadawyveta.

saqmis momzadebis mizniT saapelacio sasamarTlosmosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT:

1. 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaugzavnismowinaaRmdege mxares (saapelacio mopasuxes) saapel-acio saCivars da masze TandarTul sabuTebis aslebs.

2. mosamarTle amave ganCinebiT dauniSnavs saapela-cio mopasuxes vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSiac man undawarmoadginos werilobiT Sedgenili Sesagebeli (Sepa-suxeba) saapelacio saCivarze.

3. es werilobiTi Sesagebeli unda Seicavdes pasuxsSemdeg sakiTxebze;

a) rogor gaigo man saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebi,romlebsac apelanti ayenebs da eTanxmeba Tu ara ammoTxovnebs mTlianad Tu nawilobriv;

b) Tu ar eTanxmeba saapelacio saCivarSi wamoyeneb-ul moTxovnebs miuTiTos ratom ar eTanxmeba, anumiuTiTos im garemoebebze, romelTa gamo ar eTanxme-ba. es garemoebebi unda iyos rac SeiZleba naTlad daamomwuravad miTiTebuli mopasuxis w erilobiT Sedge-nil SesagebelSi, raTa mosamarTlem SeZlos maTi sa-marTlebrivi Sefaseba da amis safuZvelze sakiTxis

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gadawyveta ramdenad mniSvnelovania iuridiulad esgaremoebebi saapelacio saCivris gasaqarwyleblad;

g) saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili romelimtkicebulebiT dasturdeba an SeiZleba dadasturdeses garemoebebi;

d) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli saapelacio saCivrisSemotanas, xolo Tu apirebs afrTxilebs mas, rom esdasaSvebia misTvis saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan10 dRis vadaSi (ix.379-e muxlis komentari).

e) mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT afrTxilebs saa-pelacio mopasuxes imis Sesaxeb, rom axali faqtebis,agreTve axali mtkicebulebis wardgena saapelaciosasamarTloSi dasaSvebia mxolod erTi aucilebelipirobiT: Tu isini ver iqna wardgenili pirveli in-stanciis sasamarTloSi sapatio mizeziT. konkretulmizezebze miTiTebuli unda iyos werilobiTSesagebelSi, xolo Tu ramdenad sapatioa es mizezebi -damokidebulia mosamarTlis Sinagan rwmenaze.

Tu saapelacio mopasuxis mier dasaxelebuli mize-zebis Sefasebis Sedegad mosamarTle miva im daskvnam-de, rom isini ar SeiZleba sapatio mizezebad CaiTva-los, man ar unda miiRos da ganixilos isini (ix.380-e da382-e muxlebis komentari).

2. saqmis momzadebis mizniT am muxlis pirvel naw-ilSi CaomTvlili moqmedebebi araa amomwuravi, saapel-acio saCivrisa da saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixed-viT saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos sxvasaproceso moqmedebebi, misces saapelacio mopasuxessxva xasiaTis davalebebi.

saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamza-debeli sxdoma Tu arsebobs amisaTvis kanoniT gaTval-iswinebuli pirobebi (ix.205-e muxlis komentari).

Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebi morigdebian,saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas mxareTamorigebis damtkicebisa da am saqmeze adre miRebuligadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebaSi undaaisaxos morigebis pirobebi anu romelma mxarem ra


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konkretuli moqmedeba unda Seasrulos meore mxarissasargeblod (208-e muxli). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu apelan-ti uars ityvis saapelacio saCivarze (378-e muxli), saa-pelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saapelaciowarmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier saapela-cio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mowinaamdege mxarem (saa-pelacio mopasuxem) cnos saapelacio saCivari, maSinsaapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia gamoitanos gadaw-yvetileba (ganCineba) saapelacio saCivriT wamoyeneb-uli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

yvela SemTxvevaSi, saapelacio mosamarTles gan-Cinebebi gamoaqvs erTpirovnulad, magram saapelaciosasamarTlos saxeliT anu rogorc saapelacio sasa-marTlos ganCineba, romelzec xels awers mxolod amganCinebis gamomtani saapelacio mosamarTle.

muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba

1. saapelacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10dRis ganmavlobaSi saapelacio sasamarT-lom unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu arasaapelacio saCivari. Tu Semowmebis Sede-gad aRmoCndeba, rom saapelacio saCivaridasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCinebasaapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRe-bis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaS-vebobis esa Tu is piroba ar arsebobs,sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapela-cio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Se-saxeb, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCiv-ris Setana.2. es ganCinebebi SeiZleba miRebul iqnes

saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmis zepi-ri ganxilvis gareSe.

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1. am muxlSi miTiTebul vadaSi saapelacio sasamar-Tlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebo-bis yvela piroba, kerZod:

a) daculia Tu ara saapelacio saCivris wardgenis14 dRiani vada (369-e muxli);

b) pasuxobs Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ka-nonis moTxovnebs (368-e muxli);

g) Seesabameba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Rirebu-leba kanoniT gansazRvrul odenobas (365-e muxli);

d) aris Tu ara gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawy-vetileba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba(366-e muxli);

e) aqvs Tu ara saCivris Semomtan warmomadgenelsgadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis ufle-bamosileba (368-e muxlis me-4 nawili);

v) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi;z) uari xom ar aqvs naTqvami apelants saapelacio

gasaCivrebaze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (370-e muxli)._ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis

Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom arsebobs misi dasaSvebobisyvela piroba, saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs ganCine-bas ̀ saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa damisi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. amave ganCinebiT igi niSnavssaapelacio saCivris ganxilvis dResac (376-e muxli).

_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piro-ba ar arsebobs, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-Cineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu xarvezi TavisixasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SesaZ-lebelia (magaliTad, saCivris Sinaarsis Camoyalibebakanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, baJis gadaxda, warmo-madgenlis mindobilobaSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-bis uflebamosilebis aRniSvna); Tu xarvezi saapela-cio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sev-sebuli, an dasaSvebobis piroba iseTia, rom misi Sevse-ba SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, gasulia gasaCivrebis va-da, apelants uari aqvs naTqvami saapelacio gasaCivre-baze, gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba araa


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ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba), maSin sa-apelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ̀ ganCineba saapela-cio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misidauSveblobis gamo~. aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ub-rundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.

zemoT miTiTebul ganCinebebs saapelacio mosamar-Tle iRebs erTpirovnuldad, magram isini miiReba saa-pelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT, cxadia araa gamoricx-uli rom es ganCinebebi miiRos saapelacio sasamarT-loskolegiurma Semadgenlobam.

2. yvela ganCineba da, maT Soris, miTiTebuli ganCi-nebebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes zepiri gan-xilvis gareSe da mxareTa Seutyobineblad, SeiZlebamiRebul iqnes mxareTa SetyobinebiTa da zepiri gan-xilvis Sedegadac, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewoni-lad da saWirod miaCnia. kanoni uSvebs ganCinebis ze-piri ganxilvis gareSe miRebis SesaZleblobas, magramar krZalavs am ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad mi-Rebis SesaZleblobas.

_ kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod ganCineba-ze saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, magram araganCinebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb.

muxli 375. saapelacio saCivrismiRebis Sedegi

1. Tu arsebobs saapelacio saCivris yvelawinapiroba da igi miRebulia saapelaciosasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdebaim nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, ro-

melic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sa-apelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiTSeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsru-lebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. gan-Cineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil

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iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarT-los SeuZlia aRsrulebis SeCereba, aRsru-lebis RonisZiebis gauqmeba, agreTve aRs-rulebis gagrZeleba uzrunvelyofis Sesa-bamisi garantiebis gamoyenebiT.

1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlomgamoitana ̀ ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilve-lad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~, gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCer-deba im nawilSi, romelSic igi gasaCivrebulia. am gan-CinebaSi imis Cawera, rom gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesvla SeCerdes, aucilebeli araa. gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla Cerdebaara sasamarTlos ganCinebis, aramed kanonis ZaliT.

2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ga-dawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblo-bas, sanam igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevidodes (268-e muxli).

_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia iseT gadawyve-tilebaze, romlis mimarT gamotanilia ganCineba kano-nier ZalaSi Sesvlamde misi dauyovnebliv aRsrule-bis Sesaxeb, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos apelantisSuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba gasaCiv-rebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisdroebiT SeCerebisa da aRsrulebis RonisZiebebis ga-uqmebis Sesaxeb.

_ saapelacio sasamarTlos mier aseTi ganCinebis mi-Reba aucilebelia, radgan saapelacio saCivris Setanaavtomaturad ver SeaCerebs dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisSesaxeb adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis moqmedebas.

amasTan erTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos mxareTa Su-amdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoiyenos aRsrulebis gauqme-biT, SeCerebiT, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZelebiT mo-salodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa 57-eda 268-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. ammuxlebis komentari).


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muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna

saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRe-bis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansaz-Rvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, risSesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCine-bis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. saape-lacio sasamarTlo iRebs kanoniT gaTva-liswinebul yvela zomas, raTa saapelaciosaCivari ganxilul iqnes dadgenil vadaSi

_ saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvna xdeba saa-pelacio sasamarTlos ̀ ganCinebiT saapelacio saCivrisgansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~.

_ am muxlis moTxovnis Sesruleba ubiZgebs saape-lacio sasamarTlos, saqmis sirTulisa da am saqmis mom-zadebis mizniT aucilebel saproceso moqmedebaTaSesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winaswar ganWvritos, Turodis iqneba SesaZlebeli saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ze-piri ganxilva.

_ saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa dasaqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebs, romleb-Sic miTiTebulia saqmis (saapelacio saCivris) ganxil-vis dro, sasamarTlo ugzavnis mxareebs.

_ saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze saqmeTa ganxil-vis vada ganisazRvreba sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-vis im vadebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 59-e mux-lis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos yvela zoma,raTa saqmis ganxilva moxdes aRniSnuli ganCinebiT gaT-valiswinebul dRes. Tu raime mizezis gamo es ver xer-xdeba, amis Sesaxeb unda ecnoboT mxareebs.

saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saq-mis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavnamxareebisaTvis ar aTavisuflebs saapelacio sasamar-Tlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos uwyeba mxareebs damaT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve saqmis monawile sxva pi-

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rebs saqmis ganxilvis dRis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT.

muxli 377. gadawyvetilebisSemowmebis farglebi

1. saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs ga-dawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris farg-lebSi faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi Tval-sazrisiT.2. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowme-

bisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 393-eda 394-e muxlebis moTxovnebiT.3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sa-

gani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlosis ganCinebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saq-mis pirvel instanciaSi ganxilvasTan da-kavSirebiT da romlebic win uswrebs sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, imisa-gan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maTmimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.4. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamow-

mos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT-los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas moce-mul konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sa-erTaSoriso kompetencia.5. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gans-

jadobas saapelacio sasamarTlo Seamow-mebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTimoTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis pirvelinstanciaSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebulimopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatiomizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqnawina instanciaSi wamoyenebuli.

1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-Civris, anu am saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis


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moTxovnis farglebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyve-tilebis faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dasabuTebulobasaapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos saapela-cio saCivris moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi.

_ sauaresod Sebruneba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis ga-uqmeba an Secvla im nawilSi, romelic apelants argausaCivrebia, an iseTnairad, rogorc mas ar wamouye-nebia _ dauSvebelia (384-e muxli).

_ gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da-sabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlom yurad-Reba unda miaqcios or garemoebas: a) romel faqtob-riv garemoebas Tvlis sasamarTlo dadgenilad da am-yarebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas gasaCivrebul nawilSida b) dasturdeba Tu ara es garemoebebi saqmeSi arse-buli an axlad warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT.

2. gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulo-bis Semowmebisas saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gansaz-Rvros, sworad gamoiyena Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadaw-yvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom kanoni, e. i. iuri-diulad sworad Seafasa Tu ara sasamarTlom is faq-tobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic man dadgenilad CaT-vala.

_ samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Sefasebisas sasa-marTlosaTvis mTavari orientiria 393-e muxli, rome-lic gansazRvravs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba kano-ni darRveulad da 394-e muxli, romelic Seicavs saka-sacio saCivris absolutur safuZvlebs, anu gadawyve-tilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvlebis CamonaTvals,romlebic mTlianad vrceldeba saapelacio sasamarT-lozec (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

_ gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuri-diuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros saapelaciosasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes saapelacio saCivrisfarglebs, e. i. SeuZlia Seamowmos darRvevebi, daSve-buli mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisa da faqtiuri gare-moebebis dadgenis dros, agreTve kanonis iseTi darR-

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vevebi, romlebzec ar iyo miTiTebuli saapelacio sa-CivarSi.

3. gasaCivrebis dasaSvebobis TvalsazrisiT ganCi-nebebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: a) ganCinebebi, rom-lebzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, rac imas niS-navs, rom am ganCinebebis gasaCivreba dasaSvebia cal-ke, gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da b) gan-Cinebebi, romelTa calke gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba, mag-ram dasaSvebia maTi uaryofa da maT winaaRmdeg mosaz-rebaTa Camoyalibeba gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mi-marTul saapelacio saCivarSi.

_ is ganCinebebi, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo sa-Civris Setana, SeiZleba, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar iyoTavis droze gasaCivrebuli mxaris mier an imis gamo,rom mxarem gauSva misi gasaCivrebis vada, an imis gamo,rom ar moisurva maSin misi calke gasaCivreba. aseTi,Tumca gasaCivrebadi, magram Tavis droze gausaCivre-beli ganCinebebi uTanabrdeba da iziarebs im ganCine-bebis `beds~, romlebzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivrisSetana, magram Tavisuflad SeiZleba maTi uaryofa ga-dawyvetilebasTan erTad.

es imas ar niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebaze calke un-da daiweros saapelacio saCivari, xolo zemoxsenebulganCinebebze _ calke saCivari (igive kerZo saCivari).ra Tqma unda ara! am ganCinebebis usworobaze SeiZlebamiTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio saCivarSi. saape-lacio saCivarSi am ganCinebebis dausabuTeblobaze mi-TiTebas is mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes, rom sworedmaTi miRebis wyalobiT iqna gamotanili dausabuTebe-li da ukanono gadawyvetileba. magaliTad, apelantmaTavis saapelacio saCivarSi miuTiTa, rom saqmis swo-rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaver dadasturda, radgan sasamarTlom Tavisi araswo-ri da dausabuTebeli ganCinebiT uari uTxra mas Sesa-bamisi mtkicebulebis miRebaze, mowmis gamoZaxebasa dadakiTxvaze, eqspertizis daniSvnaze da a. S. an kidev,sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic kanonis dar-


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RveviTaa miRebuli, uari uTxra mas Suamdgomlobazeacilebis Sesaxeb da a. S.

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad saapelaciosaCivriT gasaCivrebul ganCinebaze saapelacio sasa-marTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. saapelacio sa-Civris obieqtia sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. am gasa-Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT mas gamoaqvs Tavi-si gadawyvetileba. Tu im ganCinebebs, romlebic win us-wreben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas, marTlac SeeZ-loT gamoewvia misi faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dausa-buTebuloba, mas gamoaqvs Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba(ganCineba) swored am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebisda ara manamde miRebuli ganCinebebis mimarT.

4. sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (me-11 mux-li) saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs Tavisi inicia-tiviT. Tavisi iniciativiT amowmebs igi agreTve saqar-Tvelos saerTaSoriso kompetencias, risTvisac xelm-ZRvanelobs saqarTvelos kanoniT ̀ saerTaSoriso ker-Zo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (ix. am kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).

5. gansjadobis Semowmeba saapelacio sasamarTlosSeuZlia mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxov-na ki mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos mxolod 21-e mux-lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis safuZ-velze (ix. am muxlis komentari).

muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarzeuaris Tqma

1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaS-vebia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-lebis gamotanamde. saqmis zepiri ganxilvi-sas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaS-vebia mowinaaRmdege mxaris TanxmobiT.2. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sem-

TxvevaSi mxares erTmeva ufleba kvlav ga-asaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sa-apelacio wesiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos

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gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo xarjebis Se-saxeb.

1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma unda ganvasxva-voT gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebazeuaris Tqmisagan (370-e muxli). saapelacio gasaCivreba-ze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio saCivari aRardaiSveba. saapelacio saCivarze uari ki gulisxmobsimas, rom apelants ar hqonia naTqvami uari saapelaciogasaCivrebaze, waradgina saapelacio saCivari, magramSemdgom gadaifiqra da uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze.

aseTi uari apelants SeuZlia Tqvas saqmis zepiriganxilvis anu sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde, magramTu aseTi uari man Tqva saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,maSin saWiroa mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba. Tu ase-Ti Tanxmoba ar iqneba, saapelacio sasamarTlom undaganixilos saCivari.

2. saapelacio saCivarze apelantis mier uaris Tq-mas, anu saapelacio saCivris gamoxmobas ukavSirdebaseriozuli Sedegi: apelants erTmeva ufleba kvlav ga-asaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT.

_ saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis (saCivris gamox-mobis) SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ̀ ganCineba sa-apelacio warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis miersaapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo~. amave ganCine-biT unda ganisazRvros xarjebis gadaxdis sakiTxic.saapelacio warmoebiT gamowveuli xarjebis gadaxdaunda daekisros apelants imis analogiurad, rodesacmosarCele uars ambobs mis mier aRZrul sarCelze (54-e muxli).

_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelaciosaCivari

mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia saapela-cio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi


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waradginos Segebebuli saapelacio saCiva-ri, miuxedavad imisa, gancxadebuli aqvs Tuara uari saapelacio saCivris Setanaze. saa-pelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis an misi ganux-ilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi Segebebulisaapelacio saCivari ar ganixileba.

_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari SeuZlia warad-ginos mowinaaRmdege mxarem im SemTxvevaSic ki, rode-sac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis saapela-cio wesiT gasaCivrebaze (370-e muxli).

_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivriT apelantis mowi-naaRmdege mxare moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasim nawilSi, romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamo-tanili da, maSasadame, apelantis mier araa gasaCivre-buli.

Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba iq-neba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saa-pelacio saCivris dasabuTebulad cnoba. SegebebulisaCivris wardgeniT sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvisprincipi aRar moqmedebs.

_ Segebebul saapelacio saCivars, zogierTi gamo-naklisis garda, waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rogoricZiriTad saapelacio saCivars (368-e muxli).

es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs:a) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba

kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCiv-ris Rirebuleba aRematebodes 1000 lars. igi SeiZleba1000 larze naklebic iyos;

b) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldebakanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCiv-ris wardgena unda moxdes 14 dReSi (369-e muxli). igiSeiZleba wardgenil iqnes saapelacio sasamarTloSisaapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi.

g) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari organuladaa da-kavSirebuli ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarTan. es imasniSnavs, rom Tu apelanti uars ityvis Tavis saapela-

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cio saCivarze (378-e muxli) an saapelacio sasamarTloganuxilvelad datovebs mas (374-e muxli), maSin Sege-bebuli saapelacio saCivari kargavs Tavis daniSnule-bas da isic uaryofil unda iqnes, e. i. am saCivris mi-marTac unda Sewydes saapelacio warmoeba (378-e mux-li) an, Tu ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivari ganuxilveladiqna datovebuli (374-e muxli), aseve ganuxilvelad un-da darCes Segebebuli saapelacio saCivaric.

amdagvarad samarTlebrivi Sefaseba Camoayaliba sa-qarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatamTavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi, romelic mTlianad vr-celdeba agreTve saapelacio sasamarTloSi SetanilSegebebul saapelacio saCivarze. am ganCinebaSi ker-Zod aRniSnulia: `sakasacio saCivari dauSvebelia daigi ganuxilveli unda darCes. aseve ganuxilveli undadarCes mowinaaRmdege mxaris Segebebuli sakasacio sa-Civari, radgan maT gaSvebuli aqvT sakasacio saCivrisSetanis erTTviani vada da maTi sakasacio saCivari, ro-gorc Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, dasaSvebad iqnamiCneuli mxolod imis gamo, rom arsebobda ZiriTadisakasacio saCivari. vinaidan sakasacio saCivari dauS-veblad iqna miCneuli da ganuxilvelad darCa, mopasu-xeTa Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric ganuxilvelad un-da darCes, radgan ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivris gareSear akmayofilebs kanoniT sakasacio saCivrisaTvis dad-genil kriteriums, kerZod, gaSvebulia sakasacio sa-Civris Setanis vada~.59

sakasacio sasamarTlos es pozicia amJamad asaxuliaam muxlis pirvel nawilSi.

d) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari gaiziarebs Zi-riTadi saapelacio saCivris beds, Tu igi wardgeni-lia saapelacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi (14 dRe) da amSegebebuli saCivris Rirebuleba aRemateba 1000lars. aseT SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saCivris Semomta-

59 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 287


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ni piri ganixileba rogorc damoukidebeli saapelaciosaCivris warmomdgeni piri. am SemTxvevaSi Segebebulisaapelacio saCivari ganxilul unda iqnes rogorc da-moukidebeli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa,uari Tqva apelantma Tavis ZiriTad saapelacio saCi-varze Tu ara.

muxli 380. axali faqtebi damtkicebulebebi

1. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis gan-xilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faq-tebi da wardgenil iqnes axali mtkicebu-lebebi.2. axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebule-

bebi, romlebic mxares SeeZlo warmoedginapirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis gan-xilvisas, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZliaar miiRos, rogorc dagvianebiT warmodge-nili, Tu maTi ganxilva xels SeuSlis saa-pelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad gan-xilvas da mxarem es masalebi pirveli ins-tanciis sasamarTlos arasapatio mizeziTar warudgina.

am muxlis dedaazri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom faq-tebi, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobilia mxareebisaTvis, undawaredginos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuliTvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan debulebas,kerZod, mxareebs, romlebmac mimarTes sasamarTlossaapelacio saCivriT an am saCivarze SesagebliT, am mux-lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis ar-sebobisas, SeuZliaT:

a) moiyvanon axali faqtebi. axali faqtebi es iseTifaqtebia, romlebic adre ar iyo miTiTebuli mxaree-bis mier imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili maT Sesaxeb da

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warmoiSvnen pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvis Sem-deg, an kidev, TiTon mxarem, an sasamarTlom ar CaTva-la isini saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned.

faqtebi qmnian sarCelis (Sesageblis) safuZvels.aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeles saapelacio sasamar-TloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeuZlia Secvalos sar-Celis safuZveli, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZ-lia daupirispiros mas axali faqtebi.

amasTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania sakasa-cio sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romlis Ta-naxmad ̀ ssk 380-e muxliT saapelacio sasamarTloSi saq-mis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqte-bi da axali mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom axali mtki-cebulebebis wardgena emsaxureba sarCelis safuZvel-Si miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadasturebas. kanonmde-beli uflebas aniWebs ra apelants waradginos axalifaqtebi da mtkicebulebebi saqmis saapelacio wesiTganxilvisas, uSvebs SesaZleblobas Secvalos sarCe-lis safuZveli~.60

b) apelants da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZliaTwarmoadginon saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxil-visas axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli).

mxareTa es uflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolodam muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuliTvalsazrisiT uaRresad principul debulebas _ sa-apelacio sasamarTlo ar miiRebs da ar gamoikvlevsaxal faqtebs da mtkicebulebebs, Tu:

a) es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi mxares SeeZ-lo moeyvana jer kidev saqmis pirveli instanciis sasa-marTloSi ganxilvis dros;

b) am axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba daganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saq-mis droulad ganxilvas;

60 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, gv. 675.


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g) mxarem arasapatio mizeziT ar warudgina es masa-lebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.

_ saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis gansakuTre-buli gulmodginebiT unda Seafasos axali faqtebisada axali mtkicebulebebis miRebisa da gamokvlevis da-saSvebobis aq miTiTebuli pirobebi. araviTar SemTx-vevaSi ar unda davuSvaT da ar unda ganvixiloT es axa-li faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, Tu cxadia, rom raRactaqtikuri Tu sxva mosazrebiT Semoinaxa isini mxa-rem saapelacio sasamarTlosTvis da raRac moulod-neli TavdasxmiT gamowveuli efeqtis miRebis survi-li amoZravebda mas.

_ rac Seexeba faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, romle-bic iyo mxareTa mier wamoyenebuli pirvel instancia-Si, maT SeuZliaT kvlav wamoayenon apelaciaSi im SemT-xvevaSi, Tu pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom Secdo-miT ar CaTvala es faqtebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobismqoned da amitom ar daadgina, an marTalia daadgina,magram saproceso normebis darRveviT.

_ Tu axali an xelmeored dasaxelebuli faqtebi da-saSvebad cno apelaciam, man unda ganusazRvros mxa-reebs dro Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis warmosadge-nad, Tu isini ar iyo warmodgenili maT mier. Tu mxare-ebi am vadaSi ar warmoadgenen aRniSnul mtkicebule-bebs, apelaciam unda uaryos da ar ganixilos es faqte-bi (206-e da 215-e muxlebi).

saapelacio sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda mi-iRon, rom axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebiswardgena saapelacio sasamarTloSi unda ganxor-cieldes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ix. 373-e muxliskomentari). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasa-marTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar ganixilos isini.

muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla dagadideba

davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebu-

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li sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvrasaapelacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.

mosarCeles sruli ufleba aqvs Secvalos davis(sarCelis) sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros es sagani (ix.83-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari), aseve, mopasuxesSeuZlia Tavi daicvas sarCelisagan Segebebuli sarCe-lis aRZvriT (ix. 188-e muxlis komentari), magram amsaproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs garkveul wess.

davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, agreTve Segebebu-li sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia ax-ali faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgenasTan da axalimtkicebulebebis warmodgenasTan, ramac ar SeiZlebaar gamoiwvios saqmis ganxilvis (saapelacio saCivris)da gadawyvetis gaWianureba, maSin rodesac am sapro-ceso moqmedebaTa realizacia SeiZleboda ganxor-cielebuliyo jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiazepirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.

rogorc Cans, am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobdakanonmdebeli, rodesac akrZala saapelacio sasamarT-loSi davis sagnis Secvla, gadadeba, an Segebebuli sar-Celis aRZvra.

muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTagamokvleva

1. saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs axladwarmodgenil mtkicebulebebs, Tu maT mniS-vneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis, 380-e muxlismoTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gai-

ziaros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosmier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedege-bi mTlianad an nawilobriv.


656

1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs mtki-cebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principi, romelic ganm-tkicebulia agreTve ssk 104-e muxliT (ix. am muxliskomentari) da romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar undamiiRos mtkicebulebebi, `romlebsac saqmisaTvismniSvneloba ar aqvT~.

saapelacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili pirveli ins-tanciis sasamarTlos mier saqmeSi arsebuli mtkice-bulebebis Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegebiT. saape-lacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia kvlav Seamowmos da Sea-fasos es mtkicebulebebi. Tu es aucilebelia gasa-Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebu-lobis SemowmebisaTvis, agreTve, Tu arsebobs 380-emuxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.am muxlis komentari).

_ faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis Sefasebas da Se-mowmebas saapelacio sasamarTlo axdens saapelacio sa-CivriT wamoyenebul moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi, rom-liTac SeboWilia saapelacio sasamarTlo.

2. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs pirveliinstanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa Semow-mebisa da Sefasebis Sedegs, igi valdebulia Tavis ga-dawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) miuTiTos, Tu ratomar CaTvala saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvne-lobis mqone faqti dadasturebulad, romelic pirve-li instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvla,ratom ar SeiZleba esa Tu is mtkicebuleba miviCnioTutyuarad (sarwmunod), romelic pirvelma instanciamsarwmunod CaTvala da a. S.

muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba saapela-cio sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxse-nebiT.2. momxsenebeli warmoadgens saqmis gare-

moebebs, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos

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gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs, ris Semdegacmxareebs eZleva sityva Suamdgomlobebisdasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad da iwye-ba mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.3. saqmis ganxilvas uSualod unda mo-

hyves mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva.

saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis zepiri ganxilvamimdinareobs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gaTvalis-winebulia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis (210-228-e muxlebi), im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,romlebzec miTiTebulia am kodeqsis me-8 kariT.

1. ise, rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi,saapelacio sasamarTloSic saqmis zepiri ganxilva iw-yeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.

_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praq-tikuli mniSvneloba: saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile ape-lants da sxva pirebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT gaarkvi-on, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo saapelacio sasamarT-lom saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantismoTxovna da misi Sinaarsi, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesa-gebeli da misi Sinaarsi. aseTi wesi saSualebas aZlevsmxareebs daazuston da Sesworeba Seitanon momxsene-beli mosamarTlis gamosvlaSi, Tu am gamosvlaSi raimeuzustoba, gaugebroba an Secdoma iyo daSvebuli.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im ZiriTadisakiTxebis wres, romlebsac unda Seexos saapelaciomosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi.

es sakiTxebia:a) saqmis garemoebebi, e. i. vin aRZra sarCeli, vis

winaaRmdeg, rogoria mosarCelis moTxovna da mopasu-xis Sesagebeli, romel garemoebebs emyarebian mxaree-bi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeb-lad, ra da romeli mtkicebulebebi waradgines maT pir-veli instanciis sasamarTloSi am garemoebebis dasa-dastureblad.

b) pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyveti-


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lebis safuZvlebi, e. i. faqtobrivi garemoebebi, rom-lebic dadasturebulad da dadgenilad CaTvala da sa-fuZvlad daudo Tavis gadawyvetilebas pirvelma ins-tanciam (gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi), ka-nonebi, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom am faq-tobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebis miz-niT (gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi).

g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavis mox-senebaSi unda Seexos agreTve, Tu rogoria saapela-cio saCivris moTxovna, anu ras moiTxovs apelanti _gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebas,Secvlas Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (saape-lacio saCivris ganacxadi), ra faqtobriv Tu samarT-lebriv safuZvlebs emyareba apelanti, romeli kano-nia misi azriT darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba konkre-tulad es darRveva (393-e da 394-e muxlebi). ra faqto-briv garemoebebs emyareba saapelacio mopasuxis mierwarmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli da a.S.

momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva sakiTxeb-sac Seexos, Tu mas es saWirod miaCnia.

_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis Semdeg sityva eZlevamxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. maT ufleba aqvT da-azuston da daakonkreton TavianTi moTxovnebisa daSesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlemraime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar un-da gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva momxsenebeli mosa-marTlis mier.

pirveli gamodis apelanti, xolo Semdeg mowinaaRm-dege mxare. sasamarTlos nebarTviT mxareebma SeiZle-ba SekiTxva miscen erTmaneTs.

3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva da mt-kicebulebaTa gamokvleva (Semowmeba, Sefaseba) war-moebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli in-stanciis sasamarTlosTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis am kod-eqsis merve kariT.

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T a v i XLVII

saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlisfarglebi

saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo uf-lebamosilia Secvalos pirveli instanciissasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mxolod imfarglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven.

1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-Civris farglebiT (377-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, romsaapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyve-tileba mxolod saapelacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i.mxolod im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. aseTi Se-mowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetileba gasauqmebeli da Sesacvlelia aramxolod im nawilSi, romelsac moiTxovs apelanti, ara-med mTlianad, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic apelantissawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSi, romelicmis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, saa-pelacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs gadawyvetilebasmTlianad, an im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaagamotanili, radgan es iqneboda sauaresod Sebrune-ba, rasac krZalavs es muxli, rodesac miuTiTebs, romgasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla dasaSvebia`mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven~.

_ ufro metic, apelanti kidec rom moiTxovdes ga-dawyvetilebis im nawilis (an mTlianad) gauqmebas anSecvlas, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, saa-pelacio sasamarTlo mainc ver gaakeTebs amas: mxaresSeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba mTlianad, Tuigi mis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili, an im nawilSi, ro-melic mis winaaRmdegaa miRebuli.

amasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa sakasacio sasa-


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marTlos miTiTeba erT-erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rommarTalia apelantma gaasaCivra gadawyvetileba mTli-anad, e.i. im nawilSic, romelic mis sasargeblodaa ga-motanili, magram sasamarTlos unda emsjela mxolodgadawyvetilebis im nawilze, romelic apelantis wina-aRmdegaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlomgaauqma gadawyvetileba mTlianad da amiT `moaxdinaapelantis mdgomareobis sauaresod Sebruneba, racdauSvebelia.~61

_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sauaresod Seb-runeba da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofi-leba (379-e muxli). Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dak-mayofileba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba,romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, iqne-ba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saape-lacio saCivris dakmayofileba. damoukidebeli da Se-gebebuli saapelacio saCivris erToblivad ganxilvispirobebSi sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva aRar moq-medebs.

muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmebada saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxlagansaxilvelad

1. saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-yvetilebas da saqmes ubrunebs pirveliinstanciis sasamarTlos xelaxla gansaxil-velad, Tu:a) adgili aqvs 394-e muxliT gaTvalis-

winebul SemTxvevebs;b) gasaCivrebuli sasamarTlo gadawyve-

tilebiT arasworad eTqva uari dauswre-beli gadawyvetilebis Taobaze SetanilisaCivris daSvebaze;

61 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #10, gv.1976, susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #5, gv. 109

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g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba Seexebamxolod sarCelis dasaSvebobas;d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba aras-

worad gamotanili ganmeorebiTi dauswre-beli gadawyvetilebaa.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar

gadaagzavnos saqme ukan da TviTon gadaw-vitos igi.

1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia farTo ufleba-mosilebani . erT-erTi aseTi uflebamosilebaa gadaw-yvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelax-la gansaxilvelad.

am muxlSi CamoTvlilia gadawyvetilebis gauqmebismxolod udavo safuZvlebi, kerZod:

a) 394-e muxli, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens393-e muxlis dakonkretebas, Seicavs samoqalaqo sap-roceso samarTlis normebis darRvevis ara amomwurav,aramed iseT CamonaTvals, romlis dros saapelacio sa-samarTlo valdebulia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba (ix.am muxlis komentari).

b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs ̀ ganCineba saCiv-ris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyve-tilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb~ (240-e muxlis me-2naw.), romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT(240-e muxlis me-3 nawili).

rac Seexeba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-bis Taobaze Setanili saCivris daSvebaze uaris Tq-mas, amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara gadawyve-tileba, aramed ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba ara saa-pelacio, aramed kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e muxlisme-3 nawili).

g) Tu sarCeli dasaSvebi ar aris imis gamo, rom ararsebobs sarCelis uflebis winapirobebi (186-e mux-li), sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ̀ ganCineba sarCelis miRe-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~, romelzec SeiZleba kerZosaCivris Setana (187-e muxlis me-3 nawili).


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amrigad, am punqts sinamdvileSi mxedvelobaSi aqvsara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba.

d) saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxoloderTi da igive mxaris mimarT meored an ganmeorebiT ga-motanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseTi ganmeo-rebiT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gamotanis piro-bebs iTvaliswinebs ssk 242-e da 366-e muxlebi (ix. ammuxlebis komentari). Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCn-deba, rom ar arsebobda aseTi dauswrebeli gadawyve-tilebis gamotanis pirobebi da safuZvlebi, igi undagauqmdes.

2. saapelacio sasamarTlom TviTon unda gansazRv-ros, ra SemTxvevaSi ar gadaagzavnos saqme ukan xelax-la gansaxilvelad da ra SemTxvevaSi TviTon ganixilosda gadawyvitos saqme.

vinaidan am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~ da `d~qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saCivrisobieqts warmoadgens ganCinebebi da ganmeorebiT aras-worad gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi _SeiZleba marTlac mizanSewonili iyos saqmis gansaxil-velad ukan dabruneba maTi gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.

xolo rac Seexeba am muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqtSi miTiTe-bul SemTxvevas, roca saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebsgadawyvetilebas 393-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli erT-erTi formiT materialur-samarTlebrivi normis dar-Rvevis gamo, aseT da yvela sxva SemTxvevebSi ufro mi-zanSewonili iqneba saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daab-runos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da TviTonganixilos da gadawyvitos igi (386-e muxli).

muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba

Tu saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia dasaqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos arubrundeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo Tvi-Ton iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze. igi

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Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ambobs saapelaciosaCivris dakmayofilebaze an gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebis SecvliT iRebs axalgadawyvetilebas saqmeze.

_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia saapelacio sasamarT-los Semdegi uflebamosilebani:

a) uari uTxras apelants saCivris dakmayofilebazeda datovos gadawyvetileba ucvlelad, Tu saapela-cio saCivarSi miTiTebul darRvevebs ar aqvs adgilida gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba faqtobrivad da iu-ridiulad dasabuTebulia.

saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmi-sa da gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebisSesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,romelzec SeiZleba sakasacio saCivris Setana.

b) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon iRebs axalgadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saka-sacio wesiT.

g) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gan-saxilvelad abrunebs ukan, Tu arsebobs 385-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi da saapelacio sasamar-Tlom mizanSewonilad CaTvala misi ukan dabruneba (ix.am muxlis komentari).

_ rogorc praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs, saapelaciosasamarTloebi umetes SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebisgauqmebis Semdeg saqmes abruneben ukan xelaxla gan-saxilvelad.

aseTi praqtika, marTalia, ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons,magram araa sasurveli. saqme isaa, rom jer erTi _ ape-lacia saapelacio saCivris farglebSi gadawyvetile-bis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semow-mebaa, risTvisac saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia yve-la is saproceso meqanizmebi, rac aucilebelia aseTiSemowmebisaTvis, meore _ gadawyvetilebis Semowmebasaxdenen ufro kvalificiuri mosamarTleebi kolegiu-rad.


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amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sa-samarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas misi faqtobriviTu iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis gamo, dauSva da gani-xila mxareTa mier warmodgenili faqtebi (380-e mux-li), daiwyo mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba,man aRar unda daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilveladda TiTon unda miiRos axali gadawyvetileba.

muxli 387. mxareTagamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi

1. Tu saapelacio saCivris aRmZvreli pi-ri ar gamocxaddeba saqmis zepir ganxilva-ze, mowinaaRmdege mxaris TxovniT saapela-cio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel ga-dawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakma-yofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.2. Tu saqmis ganxilvaze mowinaaRmdege

mxare ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio saCiv-ris Semtani piris TxovniT saapelacio sa-samarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawy-vetilebas, romelic SeiZleba daemyarosmomCivnis axsna-ganmartebas.3. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba am

kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli normebi pirveliinstanciis sasamarTloSi dauswrebeli ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb.

am muxlis gamoyenebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iyos mi-Rebuli is garemoeba, rom apelantis an misi mowinaaRm-degis gamoucxadebloba, an kidev, orive mxaris gamo-ucxadebloba, erTdroulad iwvevs pirveli instanci-is sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis analogi-ur, anu erTgvarovan Sedegebs, kerZod:

1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda apelan-ti (saapelacio mosarCele), romelsac uwyeba CabardakanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Txov-

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niT sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetile-bas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris TqmisSesaxeb.

_ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs saqmis ganxil-vis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebssaqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac acno-bebs gamoucxadebel mxares (apelants), xolo gamocxa-debul mowinaaRmdege mxares, agreTve saqmeSi monawi-le sxva pirebs afrTxilebs gadadebuli sxdomis dRisSesaxeb da maTi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb,rac Seitaneba oqmSi da razec xels aweren es pirebi.

Tu apelanti kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, maSin saapela-cio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetile-bas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

2. Tu sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mowinaaRmdege mxa-re (saapelacio mopasuxe), maSin sasamarTlo, apelan-tis TxovniT, gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas,an Tu aseTi Txovna ar aris da igi moiTxovs saqmis gan-xilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gada-debs saqmis ganxilvas, ris Sesaxebac afrTxilebs ga-mocxadebul mxares da dadgenili wesiT acnobebs ga-moucxadebel pirebs. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare kvlavar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitansdauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dak-mayofilebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi pirobiT _ Tu saape-lacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebiiuridiulad amarTlebs saapelacio saCivarSi Camoya-libebul apelantis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 naw.).

3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi erT-erTi an orive mxa-ris gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba igive Sedegebi,rogoric maT gamoucxadeblobas pirveli instanciissasamarTloSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, mowinaaRmdege mxaris (saapela-cio mopasuxis) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi apelan-tis (saapelacio mosarCelis) mier miTiTebuli faqte-bi iTvleba dadasturebulad, magram dauswrebel ga-dawyvetilebas apelantis sasargeblod mxolod im Sem-


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TxvevaSi gamoitans saapelacio sasamarTlo, Tu es da-dasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaTvlili garemoe-bebi iuridiulad amarTlebs apelantis moTxovnas (ix.230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). Tu ar amarTlebs,maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetile-bas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, magrames iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadaw-yvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasaciowesiT.

_ apelantis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi saape-lacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 229-e muxlis pirobe-bis dacviT gamoitanos ara marto dauswrebeli gadaw-yvetileba, aramed datovos saapelacio saCivari ganu-xilvelad (229-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saapelacio sasa-marTlo saCivars ganuxilvelad datovebs, roca sxdo-maze ar cxaddeba arcerTi mxare (231-e muxli).

muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna

saapelacio sasamarTloSi gadawyvetile-bis (ganCinebis) ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saq-me axlad Semosul masalasa da saapelaciosasamarTlos gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCine-basTan) gadaegzavneba pirveli instanciissasamarTlos.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod im etaps, rodesacsaapelacio sasamarTlom ukan unda gadaugzavnos saq-me Tavis gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) erTadpirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. es etapia saapelaciosasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier Za-laSi Sesvla.

Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (gan-Cineba) gasaCivrda kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi sakasaciosasamarTloSi, maSin saqme sakasacio saCivarTan erTadunda gadaigzavnos sakasacio sasamarTloSi.

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muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi

1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisSesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:a) gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dro da

adgili;b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgen-

loba;g) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris

dasaxeleba;d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebisnacvlad unda Seicavdes:a) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris

moTxovnas;b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa-

Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze mi-TiTebas, SesaZlo cvlilebebis an damate-bebis gaTvaliswinebiT;g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secv-

lis dasabuTebas. Tu saapelacio sasamarT-lo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarT-los calkeul Sefasebas saqmis faqtobrivan/da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSire-biT, maSin dasabuTeba icvleba masze mi-TiTebiT.3. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili

unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saa-pelacio saCivris mTlianad an nawilobrivdakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarT-lo xarjebis ganawilebis, agreTve gadaw-yvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesisTaobaze.


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1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekviz-itebs. gadawyvetileba saapelacio sasamarTlos gamo-aqvs, rodesac igi saqmes ar abrunebs ukan xelaxla gan-saxilvelad da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secv-liT TviTon iRebs misgan gansxvavebul axal gadaw-yvetilebas.

am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saapelaciosasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi undamieTiTos iseT garemoebebze, romlebic saerToa sasa-marTloebis mier gamotanili yvela ganCinebisa Tu gada-wyvetilebisaTvis.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aTavisuflebs saapelaciosasamarTlos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi aRwerilobiTi dasamotivacio nawilebis Camoyalibebisagan, magram gan-sazRvravs, Tu ra monacemebs unda Seicavdes es gadaw-yvetileba maT nacvlad.

a) am muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmadsaapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi unda mie-TiTos apelantis moTxovnaze, anu imis Sesaxeb, Tu rasmoiTxovs apelanti. es moTxovna gadawyvetilebaSiunda Camoyalibdes saapelacio saCivris mixedviT (368-e muxli). am moTxovnis zustad, naTlad da amomwura-vad miTiTebas aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saa-pelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Secvalos pirveli in-stanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba „im farglebSi,rasac mxareebi moiTxoven“ (384-e muxli).

b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi mi-TiTebuli unda iyos agreTve gasaCivrebul gadaw-yvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi „saqmis gare-moebebTan dakavSirebiT“, e.i. daskvnebze imis Sesaxeb,Tu romeli faqtobrivi garemoebebi cno gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom dadge-nilad da romeli ara. kanoniT zustad gansazRvrulipirobebis arsebobisas (380-e da 382-e muxlebi) mxaresSeuZlia warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos axalifaqtebi da mtkicebulebebi. Tu amas hqonda adgili da

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saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad cno es axalifaqtebi, amis Sesaxeb unda mieTiTos saapelacio sasa-marTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, rogorc amas gvTavazobs„b“ qvepunqti.

g) 389-e muxlis „g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad saapelaciosasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ra faqtobriv dasamarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareboda saapelaciosasamarTlo, rodesac Secvala gasaCivrebuli gadaw-yvetileba da gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba. am Tval-sazrisiT aq raime siaxle araa. siaxle mdgomareobs mx-olod imaSi, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZliaTavis gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos gasaCivrebul gada-wyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul davaze faqtebis arsebo-ba - ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebsac iziarebs saapela-cio sasamarTlo, agreTve, am gadawyvetilebaSi Camoy-alibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebebze. gasaCivrebulgadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul aseT daskvnebzeda Sefasebebze miTiTebiT SeiZleba Seicvalos saa-pelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis dasabuTe-ba.

amrigad, 389-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebis miza-nia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadawyvetilebisCamoyalibebis gamartiveba da Semsubuqeba, magram ase-Ti cvlileba kide ufro aZlierebs kanonis moTxovnasimis Sesaxeb, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gada-wyvetileba kargad iyos motivirebuli faqtobrivadda iuridiulad, xolo saapelacio sasamarTlom zus-tad da Seucdomlad miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetileba-Si daskvnebze da Sefasebebze, romlebic Camoyali-bebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi da romleb-sac igi eTanxmeba da iziarebs. aseT miTiTebebs aqvs gad-amwyveti mniSvneloba sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,romlisTvisac savaldebuloa saapelacio sasamarTlosmier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebe-bi (407-e muxli). amieridan, sapelacio sasamarTlosmier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebe-bis Sesaxeb informacia sakasacio sasamarTlos


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miewodeba ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-wyvetilebiT, aramed saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuligadawyvetilebiTac.

3. sarezolucio nawili - esaa sakuTriv gadaw-yvetileba, romelic gadadis saaRsrulebo furcel-Si, Tu gadawyvetileba aRsrulebadia. amitom, misi racSeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad CamoyalibebazemTlianadaa damokidebuli ara marto gadawyvetileb-is aRsruleba, aramed im uflebebis realurad dacva,romlebic am gadawyvetilebiTaa aRiarebuli. saapela-cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-ilSi savaldebuloa sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileb-is Sesaxeb, agreTve, gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisvadisa da wesis Sesaxeb miTiTeba (ix. 249-e muxlis me-5nawilis komentari).

muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlosganCinebis Sinaarsi

1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba,romliTac saqme xelmeored ar wydeba ar-sebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis formiT.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis

Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:a) ganCinebis gamotanis dro da adgili;b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba;g) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris

(saCivris) Semomtani piris dasaxeleba;d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (gan-

Cineba)3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba aR-

werilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacv-lad unda Seicavdes:a) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris

(saCivris) Semomtani piris moTxovnas;b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa-

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Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze mi-TiTebas;g) mokle dasabuTebas gasaCivrebuli gada-

wyvetilebis gauqmebis an ucvlelad datove-bis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eT-anxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Se-fasebebs da daskvnebs saqmis faqtobriv an/da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT,maSin dasabuTeba icvleba maTze miTiTebiT.4. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda

Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapela-cio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris)mTlianad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebisan dakmayofilebaze uaris Sesaxeb, miTiTe-bas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis,agreTve ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadisa dawesis Taobaze.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili 284-e muxlis pirvelinawilis danawesis Sesabamisad amkvidrebs wess, romlisTanaxmad sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqmexelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebisformiT. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio sasamarT-lo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmesabrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad an wyvets saqmis war-moebas (272-e muxli) an, kidev sarCels ganuxilveladtovebs (275-e muxli), mas gamoaqvs ganCineba. saapela-cio sasamarTlos ganCineba gamoaqvs maSinac, roca Zala-Si (ucvlelad) tovebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas.

es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. saapelacio, kerZo sa-Civris Tu saCivris ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWrilnebismier sakiTxze saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gam-oitanos ganCineba, magram zemoT CamoTvlili ganCinebe-bi, romlebic gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdgombeds gansazRvravs, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasa-


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marTlos ganCinebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnosiseTi monacemebi, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlos miermiRebul yvela gadawyvetilebis Tu ganCinebisaTvis.

3. ise, rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetileba, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebac aRwer-ilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Sei-cavdes saCivris Semomtani piris moTxovnas, gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) daskvnebze miTiTe-bas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Tu ucv-lelad datovebis mokle dasabuTebas. aseTi dasabuTe-ba SeiZleba Seicvalos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis(ganCinebis) im daskvnebze da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT,romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadaw-yvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) da romlebsac iziarebs saa-pelacio sasamarTlo.

sxva mxriv, yvelaferi rac iTqva sasamarTlo gadaw-yvetilebis Sinaarsisa da dasabuTebulobis, agreTvesarezolucio nawilis Sesaxeb mTlianad exeba sasa-marTlos ganCinebasac (ix. 389-e muxlis komentari).

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kari mecxre

k a s a c i a

T a v i XLVIII

kasaciis dasaSveboba

muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setanada saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba

1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-bebi mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukide-beli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kano-niT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron sakasa-cio sasamarTloSi.2. sakasacio saCivari qonebriv-samarT-

lebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi,Tu sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba50000 lars aRemateba.3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba

ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT SecvlazeSeaqvs saCivari mxares. Tu am Rirebulebisodenoba eWvs iwvevs, sakasacio saCivrisSemtanma pirma es Rirebuleba sarwmunodunda daadasturos.4. araqonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi sakasa-

cio saCivari dasaSvebia sityvisa da gamoxatvisTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebze.5. sakasacio saCivari sxva qonebriv da

araqonebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu:a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis gan-

viTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlopraqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis;b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba


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gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebzesaqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manam-de arsebuli praqtikisagan;g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme

ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso dar-RveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emo-qmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze;d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarT-

los meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaan ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebisucvlelad datovebis Taobaze.

6. samoqalaqo saqmeebze sakasacio sa-Civris warmoebaSi miRebis da ganxilvis vadaa6 Tve.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili or sakiTxs awesrigebs:pirveli _ romeli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi(ganCinebebi) SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT(sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti) da meore _ vis Seu-Zlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetilebebi (sakasaciogasaCivrebis subieqtebi).

sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, anu sakasa-cio gasaCivrebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:

a) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi;b) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, romlebic

gamotanilia saapelacio saCivrebis ganxilvis Sedegad,kerZod, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gadaw-yvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb,agreTve, ganCineba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saq-mis xelaxla ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb;

g) saapelacio sasamarTloebis meore dauswrebeligadawyvetilebebi, gamotanili ganmeorebiT dauswre-blobis gamo (ix.392-e muxlis komentari).

praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxaresSemoaqvs sakasacio saCivari raionuli sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebaze. Cveni saproceso kanonmdebloba ariTvaliswinebs e.w. „naxtomisebur kasaciis“ dasaSve-

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bobas, amitom sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis ganux-ilvelad tovebs aseT saCivars.62

- sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pirebiarian:

a) mxareebi (mosarCele, mopasuxe);b) mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTx-

ovniT;g) uflebamonacvleebi;d) Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopa-

suxeebi maTi Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebiT gan-sazRvrul farglebSi;

e) pirebi, romlebic ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorcmxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gan-isazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mx-aris mimarT.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili exeba mxolod qonebriv dav-ebs. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sakasacio saCivris sagn-is Rirebuleba aRemateba 50000 lars - es aris sakasa-cio saCivris dasaSvebobis savsebiT sakmarisi piroba,anu sakasacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos saCivari gan-saxilvelad (403-e muxli).

3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis gan-sazRvris kriteriumia ara sarCelis sagnis (sasarCelomoTxovnis) Rirebuleba, aramed saapelacio sasamarT-los gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba). magal-iTad, Tu saapelacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba araRemateboda 50000 lars da saapelacio sasamarTlomdaakmayofila an uari uTxra apelants am saCivris dak-mayofilebaze, maSin cxadia, rom sakasacio saCivari amgadawyvetilebaze(ganCinebaze) ar SeiZleba aRemate-bodes 50000 lars da mxolod am niSniT igi dauSvebe-lia (ix. am muxlis me-5 nawilis komentari).

Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT na-wilobriv dakmayofilda saapelacio saCivari, xolo na-wilobriv uari iTqva mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin saka-

62 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #6, 2003, gv. 1976-1384.


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sacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imismixedviT, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCiv-rebuli. magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavi-si gadawyvetilebiT daakmayofila saapelacio saCiv-ris moTxovna mxolod nawilobriv, kerZod, 40 000laris farglebSi, magram uari uTxra apelants 30 000laris dakmayofilebaze da gadawyvetileba gasaCivr-da sakasacio wesiT am nawilSi, e.i. 30000 laris dakmay-ofilebaze uarisTqmis nawilSi, sakasacio saCivris sa-gnis Rirebuleba iqneba 30000 lari. es imas niSnavs, romsakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis kriteriumiT(50000 lari) es saCivari dauSvebelia.

sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis damtkice-bis tvirTi, rodesac es Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs, kasa-tors ekisreba, risTvisac mas SeuZlia warmoadginosamis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, kerZod, presisfurclebidan amonabeWdi, romelic Seicavs cnobebssadavo nivTebis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, oficialuripreiskurantebi, specialistis daskvnebi da a.S.

dauSvebelia kasatoris mier saCivris sagnis Rire-bulebis TviTneburad gazrda, mxolod im mizniT, romsaCivari kasaciuri gaxdes.

4. am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivariaraqonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu igiexeba sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakav-Sirebul nebismier davas. aseTi sakasacio saCivris daS-vebisaTvis raime damatebiT kriteriumi saWiro araa.

sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakav-SirebiT SeiZleba mravali sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Si-naarsis dava wamoiWras. magaliTad, sakuTar sityvazeuflebis mixedviT dauSvebelia piris unebarTvod anmisi survilis sawinaaRmdegod mis mier arasajarodwarmoTqmuli sityvis firze Cawera. cxadia, rom am pirsSeuZlia moiTxovos aseTi Canaweris nebismieri mizneb-isaTvis (magaliTad, mtkicebulebad) gamoyeneba.

dava SeiZleba warmoiSvas sakuTar suraTze da sak-uTari pirovnebis warmosaxvaze uflebis darRvevas-

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Tan dakavSirebiT, saqme isaa, rom adamianis ufleba sak-uTar suraTze, anu ufleba TviTon gansazRvros ram-denad SeiZleba misawvdomi iyos sxvebisaTvis foto-suraTebi an videoCanawerebi misi gamosaxulebiT _ da-culia kanoniT.63

aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 mux-lis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad pirs, romlis gamosaxuleba(fotosuraTi, kinofilmi, videofilmi da a.S.) gamo-qveyndeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe, SeuZlia sasamarT-los meSveobiT moiTxovos uflebis dacva, garda ise-Ti SemTxvevebisa, roca aseT gamosaxulebaze misi Tanx-moba araa saWiro. Tu rodis araa saWiro misi Tanxmoba -gansazRvravs kanoni (sk me-18 muxlis me-5 nawili).

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovoszianis (zaralis) anazRaurebac, Tu sakuTar gamosax-ulebaze misi uflebis darRveva moxda xelmyofisbraliT.64

5. am muxlis me-5 nawili awesrigebs sakasacio sa-Civris dasaSvebobas iseT qonebriv davebSi, romelTaRirebuleba ar aRemateba 50000 lars da iseT araqone-briv davebSi, romlebic ar ganekuTvneba sityvisa dagamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebs.

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis winapirobebi (wan-amZRvrebi), romlebic Camoyalibebulia me-5 nawilis„a“, „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi erTnairad exeba, rogorcqonebriv, ise araqonebriv davebs.

ganvixiloT sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es wina-pirobebi.

a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebi-sa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoy-alibebisaTvis.

am punqtis azri da Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise,TiTqos sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis aucilebeli63 dawvrilebiT sityvisa da gamoxatvis (TviTgamosaxvis) uflebisSinaarsis Sesaxeb ix. k.kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, g-ba jisiai, Tb.2003, gv. 116 da 206.64ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni pirveli.Tb. 2002. gv.65.


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iyos, rom saqmes erTdroulad hqondes mniSvnelobarogorc samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, ise erTgvaro-vani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis (Tum-ca am punqtis aseTnairad gagebisaTvis safuZveli nam-dvilad arsebobs).

saqarTveloSi sakasacio sasamarTlo Seiqmna aramxolod individualuri interesebis dacvis, aramedsajaro interesebis dacvis mizniT. me-5 nawilis „a“ qve-punqtSi gamokveTilia sakasacio sasamarTlos sajarointeresebis dacvis mizani, es mizani ki gulisxmobsrogorc samarTlis ganviTarebas, ise erTgvarovanisasamarTlo praqtikis (erTiani marTlmsajulebis)uzrunvelyofas. aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio saCi-vari daSvebuli unda iqnes yovelTvis Tu saqmes aqvsmniSvneloba an samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, anerTgvarovani praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

rogor SeiZleba gavigoT dasaSvebobis TiToeuli amwinapirobis azri da Sinaarsi?

1. saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebi-saTvis.

saqarTvelos sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis an-alizi srul safuZvels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna,rom yvelaze ufro xSirad saqmis mniSvneloba samarT-lis ganviTarebisaTvis ganpirobebulia xarveziTkanonmdeblobaSi. swored aseTi xarvezis gamo sakasa-cio sasamarTlos mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebe-bi (ganCinebebi) sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis)Sesaxeb, Segebebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaRZvrisa da ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivrisagan misidamoukideblad ganxilvis pirobebis Sesaxeb, sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisSesaxeb, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanilganCinebaTa gasaCivrebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

kanonmdeblobaSi xarvezis Sevsebis mizniT sakasa-cio sasamarTlos mier miRebulma mTelma rigma gadaw-yvetilebebma da ganCinebebma Tavisi asaxva hpoveskanonmdeblobaSi.

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xarvezis Sevseba araa erTaderTi gza, romlis saSu-alebiTac xdeba samarTlis ganviTareba. samarTlis gan-viTareba SeiZleba moxdes sakasacio sasamarTlos miersamarTlis normis iseTi interpretaciiT, romliTacyalibdeba zogadi principi.

amis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens gadaw-yvetilebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi prin-cipuli sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac sakasacio sasamarT-lom gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba. esaa sakiTxi imis Sesax-eb, SeiZleba Tu ara saapelacio Tu sakasacio saCivrisdamoukidebeli obieqti iyos gadawyvetilebis mxolodsamotivacio nawili, e.i. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom mxaremgaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili iserom ar gaasaCivros am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucionawili. miuxedvad imisa, rom ssk 266-e muxlis Tanaxmadgadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili Sedis kanonierZalaSi, sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom „samoti-vacio nawilis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis sarezolu-cio nawilis Secvlis moTxovnis gareSe dauSvebelia.“65

2. saqmis mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlopraqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

es kriteriumic, ise rogorc samarTlis ganviTareba,sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro miznis realizacias em-saxureba. am kriteriumis Sinaarsis mixedviT sakasaciosaCivris daSvebisaTvis mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara is,rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba emyareba mcdaradgagebul samarTlebriv safuZvels (kanonis arasworadgagebas), aramed is, aqvs Tu ara saqmes mniSvneloba erTg-varovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.66

rodis ara gvaqvs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika?erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika ara gvaqvs maSin,

65 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv.28766 rogorc sworad miuTiTeben ceno raihenbeheri da Salva papuaSvili„aRniSnul kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT principulia is garemoeba, rom aqgadamwyvetia ara mxolod calkeuli samarTlebrivi davis bedi, aramedmisi mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis,rac Tavis mxriv uSualo kavSirSia sazogado interesebTan“. ix. „samarTlis ganviTareba samoqalaqo procesSi. kasaciis daSvebisaxali safuZvlebis ganmartebisaTvis“.


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rodesac erTi da igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxi an erTida igive samarTlebrivi norma sxvadasxvanairad arisgagebuli sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier. gan-sxvavebuloba (araerTgvarovneba) sasamarTlo instan-ciebTan mimarTebaSi aq ufro farTo masStabebs gulisx-mobs, vidre am muxlis me-5 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti damoicavs samarTlebrivi sakiTxis sxvadasxvanair gage-bas ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloebisa da sakasa-cio sasamarTlos mier, aramed am samarTlebrivi sakiTx-ebis gansxvavebulad gagebas raionuli sasamarTloebismier, raionuli da saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier daTviT saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier. rac Seexeba gan-sxvavebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebebs saapelacio dasakasacio sasamarTloebis mxriv, igi Camoyalibebuliacalke punqtad amave muxlis „b“ qvepunqtSi.

yovelTvis, rodesac arsebobs gansxvaveba erTi daigive samarTlebrivi sakiTxis gagebaSi sxvadasxva sasa-marTlo instanciebis mier, saqme gvaqvs araerTgvarovansasamarTlo praqtikasTan da am gansxvavebulobiT das-abuTebuli sakasacio saCivari daSvebul unda iqnes.67

b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gan-sxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uze-naesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan

gansxvavebiT „a“ qvepunqtisagan, „b“ qvepunqtSinagulisxmevia Seusabamoba (gansxvaveba) saapelacio dasakasacio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs Soris:arsebobs sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtika, romelicgamoxatulia am sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi da am

67 ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs germanuliuridiul literaturaSi. am mosazrebis Tanaxmad erTgvarovanisasamarTlo praqtikis kriteriumis dasakmayofileblad sakmarisiaraa, rom sasamarTlom erT konkretul saqmeze mcdarigadawyvetileba miiRos. kanonis normaTa ganmartebisas angamoyenebisas daSvebuli Sinaarsobrivi an formaluri SecdomamaSin scildeba calkeuli SemTxvevis farglebs da seriozuladavnebs sazogadoebriv interesebs, rodesac es Secdoma masStaburiada arsebobs imis SesaZlebloba, rom mis safuZvelze Seiryes ndobamarTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg.ceno raihenbeheri, Salva papuaSvili, dasax. naSromi gv.15

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praqtikas ar Seesabameba da misgan gansxvavdeba gasa-Civrebuli saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es kriteriumi iy-enebs iseT cnebas, rogoricaa „saqmeTa kategoria“. amcnebis Sinaarsis gagebas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvnelo-ba, radgan Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-ba Tumca gansxvavdeba sakasacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebisagan, magram isini „sxvadasxva kategoriis“saqmeebzea gamotanili, maSin am gansxvavebas ar aqvsmniSvneloba da kasacia dauSvebelia. magram „b“ qvepun-qtis Sinaarsis aseTnairi gageba ar unda iyos swori.saqme isaa, rom sakasacio sasamarTlo ar qmnis praqti-kas saqmeTa kategoriebis mixedviT. mTavari da gadamw-yvetia ara „saqmeTa kategoria“ (samoqalaqo, Sromis,samewarmeo da a.S.), aramed samarTlebrivi sakiTxi: Tusakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba identur sa-marTlebriv sakiTxebs emyareba, magram gansxvavebuladesmiT es sakiTxebi, maSin saqme gvaqvs gansxvavebasTanda kasacia dasaSvebia, damoukideblad imisa, Tu romelkategorias ganekuTvneba an romeli samarTlebriviurTierTobidan gamomdinareobs dava.

am muxlis „b“ qvepunqtis mixedviT Sesadarebeliobieqtebia erTi mxriv saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-wyvetileba da meore mxriv - saqarTvelos uzenaesisasamarTlos praqtika. magram, praqtika aisaxeba sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebebSi. es imas niSnavs, rom Sesa-darebeli obieqtebia saapelacio sasamarTlo s gadaw-yvetileba, romelic emyareba identur samarTlebrivnormas (identur samarTlebriv sakiTxs) da am normisazri da Sinaarsi gagebulia saapelacio sasamarTlosmier sxvanairad, vidre sakasacio sasamarTlos mier.pasuxebi romlebic gacemulia am sasamarTloTa gadaw-yvetilebebiT identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebze erT-maneTs ar Seesabameba da am Seusabamobas efuZneba saa-pelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.

g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxi-lulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT,


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romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganx-ilvis Sedegze

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis am saproceso kri-teriumis Camoyalibebisas, rogorc Cans, ar iqna miRe-buli mxedvelobaSi 393-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 394-emuxli (ix. am muxlebis komentari). am muxlebis Tanax-mad saproceso samarTlis norma darRveulad iTvle-ba, Tu aseT darRvevas arsebiTad araswori gadaw-yvetilebis gamotana moyva, amrigad, aseT saprocesodarRvevebs ukavSirdeba ara sakasacio saCivris dasaS-veboba, aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebisgauqmeba. gansxvaveba zemod dasaxelebul muxlebsSoris mxolod erTia: 394-e muxlSi CamoTvlil sapro-ceso darRvevebis Sefasebas im TvalsazrisiT, SeeZloTu ara maT gamoewviaT araswori gadawyvetilebis gamo-tana, axdens TviTon kanonmdebeli. amitom, mosamar-Tle (sasamarTlo) am darRvevebs am TvalsazrisiT arafasebs. is mxolod adgens hqonda Tu ara 394-e muxlSiCamoTvlili erT-erT saproceso darRvevas adgili daTu hqonda, gamoitans ganCinebas gasaCivrebuli gadaw-yvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. sxva SemTxvevaSi, e.i.394-e muxlSi miTiTebuli darRvevebis farglebs iqeT,saproceso darRvevebs, romlebsac emyareba sakasaciosaCivari. (ix.396-e muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis komentari),afasebs TviTon sasamarTlo im TvalsazrisiT, gamoi-wvia Tu ara am darRvevebma araswori gadawyvetilebisgamotana.

391-e muxlis me-5 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti gansxvavde-ba zemod dasaxelebuli muxlebisagan imiT, rom aqsaproceso darRvevas ukavSirdeba ara gadaw-yvetilebis gauqmeba, aramed sakasacio saCivris mx-olod dasaSveboba. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq Sei-Zleba erT garemoebas mieqces yuradReba: gansxvave-biT 393-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 394-emuxlisagan,sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobisaTvis sak-marisia, rom am saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso dar-Rveva iZleodes safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom aseT

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darRvevas SeeZlo gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetileb-is gamotana. Tu sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli sapro-ceso darRveva aZlevs sasamarTlos safuZvels aseTivaraudisaTvis, saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes. Tusaqmis ganxilvis Sedegad varaudi gamarTldeba dagairkveva, rom saproceso darRvevam marTlac gamoi-wvia saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana,sakasacio sasamarTlo gaauqmebs am gadawyvetilebas,winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gamoitans ganCinebas sakasa-cio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos me-ore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba.dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datove-bis Sesaxeb

es qvepunqti warmoadgens sakasacio saCivris dasaS-vebobis kriteriums. igi miuTiTebs Tu romeli gadaw-yvetileba da ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasa-cio wesiT. es qvepunqti imeorebs 240-e muxlis me-3 naw-ils da 392-e muxlis me-2 nawils. (ix. am muxlebis ko-mentari).

6. 391-e muxlis me-6 nawili gansazRvravs sakasaciosaCivris ganxilvis vadas (6 Tve). es vada iwyeba sakasa-cio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (401-e muxlispirveli nawili) da moicavs rogorc dasaSvebobisSemowmebasa da Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebas (403-e mux-li), ise saqmis ganxilvas sakasacio sasamarTlos gada-wyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotaniT.

muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTve los uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis

1. saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganmxilvel sasa-marTlos SeuZlia motivirebuli ganCinebiTsaqme gansaxilvelad gadasces saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos did palatas, Tu:


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a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgensiSviaT samarTlebriv problemas;b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva

sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyali-bebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis gan-martebas);g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi

palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarT-lebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas).2. did palataSi saqme sakasacio wesiT

ganixileba am kodeqsisa da „„saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“„ saqarTve-los organuli kanonis Sesabamisad.

1. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatasakasacio sasamarTloa da saqmeebs ganixilavs sakasa-cio wesiT. did palatas saqme SeiZleba gadasces gansax-ilvelad amave uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio pal-atam, amisaTvis sakasacio palatam unda gamoitanos mo-tivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) ganCineba. am ganCinebismotivirebis zogadi (SefasebiTi) kriteriumebi Camoy-alibebulia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. cxadia, rom gan-CinebaSi mxolod am zogad kriteriumebze miTiTeba arkmara, sakasacio palatam unda miuTiTos Tu romelmagaremoebebma ganapirobes saqmis did palataze gadace-mis aucilebloba.

didi palatisaTvis saqmis gansaxilvelad gadacemadasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT sa-marTlebriv problemas

„iSviaToba“ ganekuTvneba samarTlebriv problemas,magram es samarTlebrivi problema ar SeiZleba ganvix-iloT sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmisagan ganyenebulad,rogorc amas SeiZleba hqondes adgili samecniero kv-levis dros. samarTlebrivi problema uSualod undaukavSirdebodes saqmes, anu saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT war-moSobs samarTlebriv problemas. cxadia, es araa sak-

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marisi am saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadasacemad. nebi-smieri samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyveta dakavSirebuliaama Tu im samarTlebriv problemasTan, imisaTvis, romarsebobdes didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZ-veli, es problema unda gamomdinareobdes saqmis Si-naarsidan, iyos iSviaTi da saWiroebdes seriozul anal-izs rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi Tval-sazrisiT. swored faqtebis dadgena da am dadgenilifaqtebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba erTobliobaSi undaqmnidnen iseT problemas, romelic xasiaTdeba iSvia-TobiT, sirTuliT, romlis praqtikuli gadaWris pre-cedenti an ar arsebobs, an ukiduresad mcire raode-nobiT mogvepoveba.

b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasaciopalatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Se-fasebas (normis ganmartebas)

sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebuli sa-marTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daedosxva saqmeze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (gan-Cinebas), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis(am palatebis sxva SemadgenlobebisaTvis). maT ufle-ba ar aqvT gadauxvion am Sefasebebs, ufro metic, sa-marTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebuloa im sakasacio pa-latisaTvisac, romelmac es Sefaseba Camoayaliba(TviTSezRudvis principi). erTaderTi, rac sakasaciopalatas SeuZlia, roca igi ar eTanxmeba adre miRebulsamarTlebriv Sefasebas - esaa mimarTos did palatasda gadasces mas saqme gansaxilvelad, romlis mier amsaqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi)Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebu-lo iqneba yvela sakasacio palatisaTvis (Semadgenlo-bisaTvis), mxolod am gziT SeiZleba samarTlis norme-bis erTgvarovani gagebis miRweva, erTiani marTlmsa-julebis uzrunvelyofa da samarTlis unifikaciis in-teresebis dacva.

TavisTavad cxadia, rom didi palatisaTvis saqmisgadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba motivirebuli unda iyos


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im samarTlebriv Sefasebaze miTiTebiT, romelicCamoyalibebuli iyo sakasacio palatis mier adre sxvasaqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, agreTve sakasa-cio palatis mosazrebaze imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom areTanxmeba da ar iziarebs am samarTlebriv Sefasebas.

g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatismier adre Camoyalibebul sam arTlebriv Sefasebas

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata arwarmoadgens sxva sakasacio palatebze zemdgom sakasa-cio sasamarTlos. igi aris sakasacio sasamarTlo,romelsac sxva sakasacio palatebma SeiZleba gadascensaqme mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs kano-niT gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebi. amasTan erTad,rogorc sakasacio palata misi samarTlebrivi Sexed-ulebebi Camoyalibebuli konkretul saqmeebze gamo-tanil gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi), savaldebu-loa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, romsxva sakasacio palatebma unda ixelmZRvanelon am sa-marTlebrivi SefasebebiT maT mier sxva saqmeebis gada-wyvetisas. magram, Tu sakasacio palata ar iziarebs (areTanxmeba) didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul sa-marTlebriv Sexedulebas, mas SeuZlia Tavisi mo-tivirebuli ganCinebiT saqme gadasces gansaxilveladdid palatas.

2. didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqosaproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. mas axa-siaTebs Semdegi Taviseburebani: a) did palatas ver mi-marTaven uSualod kasatorebi; b) didi palata ganix-ilavs saqmeebs Tu mas mimarTavs uSualod romelimesakasacio palata; g) sakasacio palatis ganCineba saq-mis did palataze gadacemis Sesaxeb motivirebuliunda iyos: d) didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs 9 mosa-marTlis SemadgenlobiT; e) saqmis ganmxilvel Semad-genlobaSi Sedian am saqmis Tavdapireli ganmxilvelimosamarTleebi; v) did palataSi saqmis ganxilvasTavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare

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an, misi davalebiT - uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erTipalatis Tavmjdomare (me-10 muxli).

muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyveti lebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba

1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZ-leba sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivros im mxa-rem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamo-tanili.2. sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod

iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis mimarT,romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT dausw-reblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar SeiZ-leba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis ga-momtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyveti-leba SeiZleba kasaciis wesiT gasaCivrdesmxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobdasaTanado samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.

1. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili pirve-li dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdesmxolod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.

2. sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolodiseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic gamota-nilia erTi da igive mxaris `ganmeorebiT dauswreb-lobis~, anu ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis gamo.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom,romelmac dasaSvebad cno pirvel dauswrebel gadawy-vetilebaze Semotanili saCivari da daniSna saqmis gan-xilvis dRe, gaauqmos es gadawyvetileba, radgan mxarisgamoucxadebloba marTlac gamowveuli iyo sapatio mi-zeziT (ssk-is 241-e muxli), xolo saqmis arsebiTad gan-xilva sxva droisaTvis daniSnos. Tu saqmis arsebiTadganxilvisaTvis sxva droisaTvis daniSnul dRes kvlavar gamocxaddeba mxare, vis winaaRmdegac gamotanili iyopirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sa-

)


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samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos am mxaris winaaRmdeg da-uswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es iqneba ̀ ganmeorebiT da-uswreblobis Sedegad~ mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili meo-re dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, da amitom igi SeiZ-leba gasaCivrdes mxolod sakasacio wesiT.

_ sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba imas niSnavs, rom ase-Ti saCivari unda efuZnebodes kanonis darRvevas (ssk-is 393-e muxli). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanoni dar-Rveulad iTvleba, Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebagamotanilia ssk-is 233-e da 241-e muxlebis moTxovna-Ta gauTvaliswineblad (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia pirveli dauswrebe-li gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze mi-Rebul ganCinebazec.

magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom mxarisgamoucxadeblobis gamo miiRo pirveli dauswrebeligadawyvetileba, romelzec im mxarem, romlis winaaR-mdegac iyo gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,Seitana saCivari am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saq-mis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlomganCinebiT es saCivari ar daakmayofila. aseTi ganCine-ba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. (240-e muxlisme-2 da me-3 nawilebi)

muxli 393. sakasacio saCivrissafuZvlebi

1. sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebo-des mxolod imas, rom gadawyvetileba ka-nonis darRveviTaa gamotanili.2. samarTlis normebi darRveulad iTv-

leba, Tu sasamarTlom:a) ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda

gamoeyenebina;b) gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda

gamoeyenebina;g) arasworad ganmarta kanoni.

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3. saproceso samarTlis normebis darR-veva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadaw-yvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am dar-Rvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyve-tileba iqna gamotanili.

1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebasmxolod samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e. i. ramdenadsworadaa gamoyenebuli kanoni saapelacio sasamarT-los mier. amiT igi gansxvavdeba saapelacio sasamarT-losagan, romelsac SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetile-ba rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi dasabuTe-bulobis TvalsazrisiT.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlos aseTi amocaniTa da ufle-bamosilebiT aris ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli na-wilis danawesi, romlis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari Se-iZleba efuZnebodes mxolod kanonis darRvevas.

_ Tu sakasacio saCivari emyareba ara kanonis darR-vevas, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv mxa-res, anu misi faqtobrivi garemoebebiT dausabuTeb-lobas, maSin aseTi saCivari ver CaiTvleba sakasaciosaCivrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom un-da daavalos kasators Seavsos xarvezi. Tu xarvezi da-niSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sakasacio saCivariar daiSveba da sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCi-nebas misi warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 401-e muxli).

2. sakasacio saCivari ar SeiZleba SemoifarglosagreTve zogadi miTiTebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyve-tilebis gamomtanma saapelacio sasamarTlom daarR-via samarTlis norma (kanoni).

sakasacio saCivarSi savaldebuloa imaze miTiTe-ba, Tu konkretulad ra saxiT (formiT) gamovlindakanonis es darRveva. kanonis darRvevis saxeebi ki Ca-moyalibebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, rac imas niSnavs,rom kasatorma Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTi-Tos kanonis darRvevis erT-erT saxeze mainc, kerZod:


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a) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-lom ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina,maSin man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, Tukonkretulad raSi gamoixata aseTi darRveva (ar miu-TiTa Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi kanonze, romelic undagamoeyenebina da saqme gadawyvita Tavisi mixedule-biT, maSin, rodesac unda gamoeyenebina moqmedi samar-Tlis esa Tu is norma, romelic am sadavo urTierTo-bas aregulirebs da a. S.);68

b) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-lom gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebi-na, man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, kon-kretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena ka-noni (samarTlis norma), romelic gauqmebulia, gamo-iyena kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelicewinaaRmdegeba kanons, nacvlad Sromis samarTlisnormisa gamoiyena samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi norma,ramac gamoiwvia sadavo urTierTobis araswori iuri-diuli kvalifikacia, nacvlad sanivTo samarTlebri-vi normebisa gamoiyena valdebulebiTi samarTlebri-vi norma da a. S.);69

g) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-lom, marTalia, gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoe-yenebina, magram arasworad gaigo am kanonis azri da Si-naarsi, anu arasworad ganmarta igi, man unda miuTiTos,konkretulad raSi gamoixateba am kanonis araswori ga-geba.70

3. saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia SemTx-vevebi, rodesac saproceso normis darRveva iwvevs ga-saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis savaldebulo gauqmebas(ix. ssk-is 394-e muxlis komentari), magram es srule-biT ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi saproceso

69 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #7, gv.1870-1871


70 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #3, gv. 283-287

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normis darRvevam ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios gadawyveti-lebis gauqmeba.

_ saproceso normebis darRvevis gamo gadawyveti-lebis gauqmebis kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuliSemTxvevebis farglebs garda, sakiTxis gadawyveta imisSesaxeb, unda gauqmdes Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-tileba ama Tu im konkretuli saproceso samarTlebri-vi normis darRvevis gamo, mindobili aqvs sakasacio sa-samarTlos. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlom ar ga-daugzavna mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisada damatebiT Semosuli masalebis aslebi (ssk-is 373-emuxli), sasamarTlom ar ganixila kanoniT dadgenili we-siT mosamarTlis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba (ssk-is34-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar misca mxares SesaZleblo-ba monawileoba mieRo paeqrobaSi (ssk-is 227-e muxli),sasamarTlom ar miiRo Segebebuli saapelacio saCiva-ri, radgan mxares uari hqonda naTqvami saapelacio we-siT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (ssk-is 379-e muxli),sasamarTlom ar misca ufleba mosarCeles Seecvala sar-Celis safuZveli, romlis Sesaxeb man droulad ganac-xada (ssk-is 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da a. S.

saproceso darRvevas, im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwviaTu ara man, an SeeZlo Tu ara mas gamoewvia arasworigadawyvetilebis gamotana, afasebs zemdgomi sasamar-Tlo, romelic ixilavs saCivars. imis mixedviT, Tu ro-gori iqneba es Sefaseba, zemdgomi sasamarTlo (apela-cia, kasacia) gamoitans Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas (gan-Cinebas).71

muxli 394. sakasacio saCivrisabsoluturi safuZvlebi

gadawyvetileba yovelTvis CaiTvleba ka-nonis darRveviT miRebulad, Tu:

71 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #8, gv. 2199-2201.


692

a) saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanoni-erma Semadgenlobam;b) sasamarTlom saqme ganixila erT-erTi

mxaris dauswreblad, romelsac ar miuRiaSetyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT anmisi kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe, TuaseTi warmomadgenloba kanoniT iyo gaTva-liswinebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rocaaseTi kanonieri warmomadgeneli cnobs sa-samarTlo procesis warmarTvis marTlzo-mierebas;g) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia saqmeze,

romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad ar eq-vemdebareba;d) gadawyvetileba miRebulia saqmis ze-

piri ganxilvis safuZvelze, romlis dro-sac darRveulia procesis sajaroobis we-sebi;e) gadawyvetileba iuridiulad ar aris

sakmarisad dasabuTebuli;e1) gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba imdenad

arasrulia, rom misi samarTlebrivi safuZ-vlianobis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia;v) gadawyvetilebas xels ar aweren is

mosamarTleebi, romlebic gadawyvetileba-Si arian aRniSnulni;z) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mosa-

marTleebis mier, romlebic am saqmis gan-xilvaSi adre monawileobdnen;T) saqmeSi ar aris saapelacio sasamarT-

los sxdomis oqmi.

es muxli Seicavs saproceso darRvevebis CamonaT-vals, romlebic TviT kanonmdeblis mieraa Sefasebu-li iseT darRvevebad, romlebic aucileblad iwvevsgadawyvetilebis gauqmebas (kanoniT calsaxad gansaz-

693


Rvruli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi). aq sa-samarTlos mixedulebisaTvis adgili ar rCeba.

a) sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba SeiZle-ba sxvadasxvanairad gamovlindes, magaliTad, saqme ga-nixila mosamarTlem, an kolegiur SemadgenlobaSi arismosamarTle, romelic gaTavisuflebulia an gadayene-bulia Tanamdebobidan, an kidev, romelsac jer ar mi-ucia fici;72 saqmes kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ixilavsara sami, aramed ori mosamarTle (ssk-is 25-e muxli);saqme ganixila an saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobs mosa-marTle, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas ganucxades acile-ba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; sasamarTlos Se-madgenlobaSi arian erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi (ssk-is 30-e muxli) da a. S.;

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesacadministraciul davas, romlis gadawyveta unda mox-des administraciuli saqmeebis ganxilvisa da gadawy-vetis saproceso wesebis Tanaxmad, ganixilavs samoqa-laqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata dapiriqiT.

SeiZleba Tu ara ukanono Semadgenlobad gamovacx-adoT sasamarTlo mxolod imitom, rom man nebiT TuuneblieT ganixila arasaqveuwyebo an aragansjadisaqme?

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqosaqmeTa da administraciul saqmeTa palatebis pozi-cia am sakiTxze xSirad aseTia: saqmis ganxilva aragan-sjadi sasamarTlos mier niSnavs am saqmis ganxil-vas sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier,rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturisafuZvelia.73

sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba - esaa am

72„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis50-e da 55-e muxlebi.

73 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6, gv. 1388-1392 susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs 615-201-09.VI.0 5 susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs-664-251-29.VI.05


694

Semadgenlobis Sinagani maxasiaTebeli. igi aseTad dar-Ceba nebismier SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa ganix-ilavs saqmeebs gansjadobisa da saqveuwyebobis weseb-is dacviT Tu ara. mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaTis, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis calkeul in-stituts ukavSirdeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sede-gebi. am Sedegebis sxva institutebidan dasesxebas Sei-Zleba moyves seriozuli Secdomebi. magaliTad, 21-emuxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisasaragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes,roca mopasuxe araa winaaRmdegi rom saqme ganixilosaragansjadma sasamarTlom da a.S. magram sasamarTlosarakanonieri Semadgenloba verasdros ver gardaiqm-neba kanonier Semadgenlobad, Tu ar aRmoifxvra mize-zebi, romlebmac ganapirobes am Semadgenlobis ara-kanoniereba.

b) sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes da ver gamoi-tans gadawyvetilebas (verc Cveulebrivs da verc da-uswrebels), Tu winaswar ar Seatyobina mxareebs ssk-is70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT74 (ix. am muxlebiskomentari).

_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitossaqme erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, oRond erTi au-cilebeli pirobiT, Tu am mxares droulad Cabarda uw-yeba sasamarTlo sxdomis Sesaxeb, e. i. droulad hqon-da miRebuli Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis dRis Tao-baze da miuxedavad amisa, ar gamocxadda sasamarTlosxdomaze (ssk-is 229-e da 230-e muxlebi).

_ ssk-is 101-e muxlis Tanaxmad, qmeduunaro moqa-laqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone mo-qalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sa-samarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (ix.am muxlis komentari). is, rac zemoT iTqva mxareebismimarT, mTlianad exeba agreTve kanonier warmomad-


695


genlebs, romelTa Setyobinebis gareSe saqmis ganxil-va da gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia.

_ mxares SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi pi-radad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoebawarmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxare-ebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi (ssk-is 93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

aqedan gamomdinare, saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSiwarmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar aTavisuflebs sasamar-Tlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos Setyobineba uSua-lod mxares (ssk-is 70-e muxli);

g) samoqalaqo saqmeebis saerTo sasamarTloebisad-mi uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad kriteriums Sei-cavs ssk-is me-11 muxli (ix. am muxlis komentari). miu-xedavad imisa, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis kompeten-cia sagrZnoblad gafarTovda, aris iseTi kategoriasaqmeebisa, romlebic uwyebrivad araa maTi qvemdeba-re da unda ganixilos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, sa-arbitraJo sasamarTlom an xelisuflebis romelimeorganom.

_ Tu saqme ar eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad sasamarT-los, mas ufleba ara aqvs ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi.aseTi saqme sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi(ssk-is 186-e muxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqti) an, Tu SecdomiT mi-iRo, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi gamovlinda, rom essaqme sasamarTlom ar unda ganixilos, gamoitanos gan-Cineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-emuxlis ̀ a~ qvepunqti);

d) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi viTareba,rodesac sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba saqmis da-xurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram faqtobri-vad es saqme ganixila daxurul sxdomaze da daintere-sebul pirebs ar miecaT saSualeba daswrebodnen saq-mis ganxilvas;

e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebassamarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT. Sesa-mowmebeli gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi mi-


696

TiTebuli unda iyos kanonebze, romlebiTac ixelmZR-vanela sasamarTlom (ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).cxadia, rom marto kanonebze miTiTeba ar aris sakma-risi. am gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom un-da daasabuTos, Tu ratom ixelmZRvanela am kanoniT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebaSi saerTodaraa miTiTebuli kanonze, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sa-samarTlom, an kidev, miTiTebulia, magram araa dasa-buTebuli (motivirebuli), Tu ratom gamoiyena saxel-dobr es kanoni (samarTlis norma), ris gamoc sakasaciowesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrividasabuTebulobis (safuZvlianobis) Semowmeba SeuZle-belia, aseTi gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes;

e1) sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gasa-Civrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyali-bebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabam-isoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtulniSnebTan, normis azrTan da SinaarsTan. magram es Seu-Zlebeli iqneba, Tu gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans rome-li faqtebi CaTvala saapelacio sasamarTlom dadge-nilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iu-ridiulad, romel faqtebs mianiWa an ar mianiWa iurid-iuli mniSvneloba am gadawyvetilebisaTvis da a.S. cxa-dia, rom gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba saerTod SeuZle-belia, Tu ar Cans romel faqtobriv da samarTlebrivsafuZvlebs emyareba igi.

magaliTi:

sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gasaCivrebuli ga-dawyvetileba da miuTiTa, rom ar aris dadgenili arcerTi faqtobrivi garemoeba, ar aris aRniSnuli sasa-marTlos daskvnebi da mosazrebani. kanoni moiTxovsdadgenili faqtebis Sefasebas samarTlis normebiT.Sesabamisad, sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom vina-idan mocemul saqmeze ar aris dadgenili faqtobrivigaremoebebi, gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Sefase-ba SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyve-

697


tileba imdenad dausabuTebelia, rom igi samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis Ta-naxmad iTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebul gadawyve-tilebad.

aRniSnulis gamo gadawyvetileba gauqmda da saqmexelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda imave sasamarTlos.75

v) ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, gadaw-yvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos am gadawy-vetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos Semadgenloba (ix.am muxlis komentari). cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebasxels unda awerdes is mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi), ro-melic aRniSnulia am gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawil-Si. Tu es ase araa, e. i. gadawyvetilebas xels awers arais mosamarTle, romelic aRniSnulia gadawyvetileba-Si, aramed sxva mosamarTle an sxva mosamarTleebi, ma-Sin gadawyvetileba udavod unda gauqmdes.

_ gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes im SemTxvevaSic,rodesac saqmis masalebidan utyuarad Cans, rom saq-mis ganxilvaSi monawileobda sxva mosamarTle, xologadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia da am gadawyvetilebasxels awers sxva mosamarTle;

z) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs erTi da igive mo-samarTlis monawileoba erTsa da imave saqmeze sasa-marTlos sxvadasxva instanciebSi, rac dauSvebeliassk-is 29-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);

T) sxdomis oqmi aris uaRresad mniSvnelovani sap-roceso dokumenti, romelSic aisaxeba procesis msvle-loba (saproceso moqmedebani) mTlianad, mxareTa da me-same pirTa axsna-ganmartebebi, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqs-pertisa da specialistis mosazrebebi, mxareTa warmo-madgenlebis mosazrebebi, mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis,kerZod, adgilze daTvalierebis Sedegebi da a. S.

cxadia, rom oqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia gadawyveti-lebis Semowmeba, sakasacio saCivris safuZvlianobis



698

garkveva; oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa (ssk-is 287-emuxli).

magaliTi:

sakasacio palatam daakmayofila sakasacio saCiva-ri, amasTan ganmarta, rom saqmeSi warmodgenil saape-lacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms xels ar awerda sxdo-mis Tavmjdomare, ris gamoc sxdomis oqmi ar SeiZle-boda iuridiuli Zalis mqone dokumentad CaTvlili-yo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso ko-deqsis 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, aRniS-nuli garemoeba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolu-tur safuZvels warmoadgens. sakasacio palatam CaT-vala, rom saqmeSi ar aris iuridiuli Zalis mqone saa-pelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi, rac gaxda miTi-Tebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.76

muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana

sakasacio saCivari Seitaneba werilobiTiformiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoi-tana gadawyvetileba.

_ am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZlebawamoiWras sakiTxi: unda CaiTvalos Tu ara sakasaciosaCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am muxlisdanawesis miuxedavad igi Setanilia ara gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, arameduSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi.

es sakiTxi dadebiTad unda gadawydes igive argu-mentebis safuZvelze, romlebic miTiTebulia ssk-is367-e muxlis komentirebisas (ix. am muxlis komentari).

_ amrigad, sakasacio saCivris uSualod sakasaciosasamarTloSi Setana unda CaiTvalos dasaSvebad da


699


sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos saqme Sesa-bamisi sasamarTlodan.

muxli 396. sakasacio saCivrisSinaarsi

1. sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis

saxelzedac Sedgenilia saCivari;b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,

romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust

dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyveti-lebis damdgen sasamarTloze;d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyve-

tilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;e) miTiTebas, Tu ra moculobiT saCivr-

deba gadawyvetileba, gasaCivrebis safuZv-lebs (kasaciis mizezebi) da ganmartebasimis Taobaze, moiTxovs Tu ara momCivanigadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa Tu Secvlas (ka-saciis ganacxadi);v) miTiTebas im faqtebsa da mtkicebule-

bebze, romlebic adastureben saprocesosamarTlis normebis darRvevas, Tu sakasa-cio saCivari saproceso normebis darRve-vas emyareba;z) sakasacio saCivarze darTul werilo-

biTi masalebis nusxas;T) sakasacio saCivris Semtani piris xel-

moweras.2. warmomadgenlis mier Setanil sakasa-

cio saCivars unda daerTos mindobiloba,romelic adasturebs warmomadgenlis uf-lebamosilebas sakasacio saCivris Setana-ze, Tu aseTi uflebamosilebis damadastu-rebeli sabuTi ar aris saqmeSi.


700

3. Tu sakasacio saCivari ar upasuxebs aqCamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo baJiar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebssaCivris Semtan pirs, Seavsos xarvezi, ris-Tvisac uniSnavs mas vadas. Tu am vadaSixarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli an sakasaciosaCivari ar aris Setanili kanoniT dadge-nil vadaSi, sakasacio saCivari ganuxilve-li darCeba.

1. sakasacio saCivari unda pasuxobdes am muxlis yve-la moTxovnas, romelTa mixedviT Sedgenili saCivariqmnis sakasacio saCivris Sinaarss.

a) miuxedavad imisa, rom sakasacio saCivari Setanilunda iqnes sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-tilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi (ssk-is 395-e muxli),misi adresati aris sakasacio sasamarTlo da, amitom,igi unda Seicavdes ara im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas,romelSic uSualod Seitaneba saCivari, aramed sakasa-cio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixi-los sakasacio saCivari;

b) sakasacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT mxareebsda ssk-is 391-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentarSi mi-TiTebul sxva pirebs (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawilis ko-mentari _ sakasacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebi).

cxadia, rom Tu sakasacio saCivari Seaqvs am pirTa-gan romelimes, es saCivari unda Seicavdes am piris da-saxelebas (rekvizitebs). sakasacio saCivari SeiZlebaSeitanos warmomadgenelmac (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawiliskomentari). aseT SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos amwarmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi, rac ar ga-moricxavs paralelurad marwmuneblis dasaxelebisada misamarTis miTiTebas;

g) sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebisa da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sa-samarTlos zust dasaxelebas;

d) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas

701


sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk-is 404-e muxli). ami-tom, sakasacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyosmiTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCiv-rebuli, Tu gadawyvetileba mTlianad ar saCivrdeba.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom kasatorma mTlianad gaa-saCivros gadawyvetileba, rogorc im nawilSi, romelicmis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSic, rome-lic gamotanilia mis sawinaaRmdegod. aseTi saCivrisfarglebis gansazRvris dros sakasacio sasamarTlomunda CaTvalos, rom gasaCivrebulia mxolod gadawyve-tilebis is nawili, romelic kasatoris winaaRmdegaa ga-motanili: kasators ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros ga-dawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic mis sasargeblo-daa gamotanili. amitom, sakasacio sasamarTlom undaSeamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod is nawili, romelickasatoris sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili.

e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebiskanonierebas, mis samarTlebriv dasabuTebas. amitom,sakasacio saCivars safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos mxo-lod kanonis darRveva, rasac sxvagvarad uwodeben ka-saciis mizezs (ix. ssk-is 393-e muxlis komentari).

_ sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: kasa-tori gadawyvetilebis mTlianad an nawilobriv gauq-mebas, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas daaxali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas moiTxovs. es aris is,rasac kasaciis ganacxadi ewodeba.

- xSirad sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebulia Tx-ovna, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom TviTon gamoitanosaxali gadawyvetileba an daabrunos saqme xelaxla gan-saxilvelad ukan.

sakasacio sasamarTlo kasatoris aseTi TxovniT araaSeboWili. mas SeuZlia, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs Sesabami-si pirobebi, daakmayofilos kasatoris Txovna, magali-Tad, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da TviTon gamoitanosaxali gadawyvetileba, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxov-da, magram SeuZlia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da miuxe-davad kasatoris Txovnisa, daabrunos saqme ukan xelax-


702

la gansaxilvelad, an miuxedavad imisa, rom kasatorimoiTxovda gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebas dasaqmis xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis dabrunebas, gaauqmosgadawyvetileba da saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad dab-runebis nacvlad, TviTon miiRos axali gadawyvetile-ba _ daakmayofilos sarCeli, an uari uTxras sarCelze,Tu saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi saproceso norme-bis darRvevis gareSea dadgenili da saWiro ar aris mtki-cebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva.

v) sakasacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis faqtob-riv dasabuTebulebas ar amowmebs da amitom man ar un-da ganixilos faqtebi da ar unda miiRos axali mtkice-bulebebi maT dasadastureblad.

_ erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio sasamar-Tlo amowmebs faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, maT SorisiRebs kasatorisagan am mtkicebulebebs, esaa iseTi Sem-Txveva, rodesac sakasacio saCivari emyareba saproce-so normebis darRvevebs (damatebiTi da dasabuTebu-li sakasacio pretenzia). es wesi damkvidrebulia agreT-ve ssk-is 407-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);

z) Tu sakasacio saCivars erTvis werilobiTi masa-lebi, aucilebelia, rom es saCivari Seicavdes am masa-lebis nusxas (CamonaTvals). sakasacio sasamarTlom un-da Seamowmos am CamonaTvalis Sesabamisoba TandarTulmasalebTan da Tu aRmoCndeba Seusabamoba, magaliTad,CamonaTvalSi miTiTebulia iseT sabuTze, romelic si-namdvileSi ar erTvis sakasacio saCivars, es aris xar-vezi, romelic unda Seavsos kasatorma sakasacio sasa-marTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi, magram sakasacio saCi-varSi miTiTebuli danarTis warmoudgenlobam xarve-zis Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg ar SeiZ-leba gamoiwvios sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad da-toveba, Tuki sakasacio saCivari sxva mxriv akmayofi-lebs kanonis moTxovnas (ix. am muxlis me-3 nawili).

T) sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos, rogorcuSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivarsxels unda awerdes is piri, visac Seaqvs saCivari. wina-

703


aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic auci-leblad unda Seivsos.

2. warmomadgenloba TavisTavad ar aniWebs war-momadgenels uflebas Seitanos sakasacio saCivari.amisaTvis saWiroa, rom amis Taobaze specialuradiyos mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli ssk-is 98-e muxlis Se-sabamisad. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre iyo gacemulida igi erTvis saqmes, maSin warmomadgenelma unda miu-TiTos amis Sesaxeb mis mier warmodgenil sakasacio sa-CivarSi. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre ar iyo gacemuli,maSin man unda daurTos sakasacio saCivars axlad ga-cemuli mindobiloba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqne-ba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos. amasTanwarmomadgenloba unda akmayofilebdes 440-e muxlismoTxovnebs.

3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sakasa-cio saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu sakasaciosaCivris Sinaarsi ar pasuxobs amave muxlis pirvel na-wilSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, ar aris gadaxdili sa-xelmwifo baJi, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia warmomad-genlis mier, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanadod Sedgeni-li mindobiloba (uflebamosileba sakasacio wesiT ga-saCivrebaze specialuri miTiTebiT) an 440-e muxlSimiTiTebuli advokatTa asociaciis wevrobis damadas-turebeli dokumenti da sakasacio saCivris sagnis Ri-rebuleba eWvs iwvevs (ssk-is 391-e muxlis me-3 nawili).77

_ ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos xarvezis Sevsebis vada.vada unda ganisazRvros gonivrulad imis mixedviT, Tura xasiaTis xarvezia Sesavsebi. es vada mxaris Suamd-gomlobiT, an Tavisi iniciativiT SeiZleba gaagrZelossakasacio sasamarTlom. vada gagrZelebulad iTvleba,Tu amis Sesaxeb miRebuli iqneba ganCineba. garda amisavada gagrZelebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos maSinac, TukisasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba xarvezis Sesavsebad

77 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeoda gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 20 ianvris ganCineba,#as-769-1394-03


704

micemuli vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, magram xarvezisSesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdegac ar miiRoSesabamisi ganCineba. aseT SemTxvevaSi vada SeiZleba ga-sulad CaiTvalos mxolod maSin, rodesac miRebuli iq-neba ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebazeuaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (401-e muxli).

_ sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tq-mis SemTxvevaSi kasators unda daubrundes mis mierSetanili saxelmwifo baJi.

muxli 397. sakasacio saCivrisSetanis vada

1. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vadaa 1 Tve.am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZlebada igi iwyeba mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebisgadacemis momentidan.2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis ga-

mocxadebas eswreba sakasacio saCivris Se-tanis uflebis mqone piri, sakasacio saCiv-ris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebismomentidan. gadawyvetilebis gadacemis mo-mentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslismxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarT-loSi an misi mxarisaTvis am kodeqsis 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad gadagzavnis dro.

1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis saka-sacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena)dauSvebelia, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imiszustad da Seucdomlad gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyebaam vadis dena.

am muxlSi aris drois sam monakveTze miTiTeba, sai-danac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada, esaa:

a) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebisgamocxadeba, magram erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu amgadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen mxareebi

705


da sakasacio gasaCivrebis sxva subieqtebi (ssk-is 391-e muxli), an kidev, maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsachqondaT micemuli uflebamosileba gaesaCivrebinaTgadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT;

b) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebisaslis Cabareba mxarisaTvis, romelic mis gamocxade-bas ar eswreboda;

g) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebisaslis mxarisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gagzav-nis dro.

amrigad, miTiTebuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdi-nare, Tu sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pi-ri eswreboda saapelacio sasamarTlos mier dasabuTe-buli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas(rac unda dadgindes sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmis mi-xedviT), maSin sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyebamisi gamocxadebis momentidan, xolo im SemTxvevaSi,Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeze gamocxade-bulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili,maSin unda gairkves, uSualod rodis Cabarda mxaresgadawyvetilebis asli (gadawyvetilebis gadacemis mo-menti) , rac SeiZleba dadgindes saqmeSi arsebuli, amisTaobaze Sedgenili xelweriliT an sxva oficialuridokumentiT (Setyobineba safosto gzavnilebis Caba-rebis Sesaxeb da sxv.). saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyoscnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asliCabarda adresats.

_ sakasacio saCivris erTTviani vadis gamoTvlisasmxedvelobaSia misaRebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeq-sis me-60 muxliT dadgenili wesi, kerZod, is, rom Tve-ebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis aTvla unda daiw-yos im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomisSemdgomi dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi da-sawyisi (ix. am muxlis komentari);

_ aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia samoqalaqo saproce-so kodeqsis 61-e muxliT dadgenili wesi, romlis Ta-naxmad TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvle-


706

ba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi.Tu TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis ukanaskneli dRe em-Txveva uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebisdRed unda CaiTvalos misi momdevno pirveli samuSaodRe (ix. am muxlis komentari).

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesacsaqmis masalebiT ver dgindeba dasabuTebuli gadawy-vetileba iqna gamocxadebuli, Tu misi sarezolucio na-wili, aseve saqmis masalebiT ar dasturdeba mxareze ga-saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis Cabarebis faqti.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxdomis oqmidan ar Cans, dasa-buTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli Tumxolod misi sarezolucio nawili, an sxvagvarad eW-vis qveS dgeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamoc-xadebis sakiTxi, rodesac ssk-is 249-e muxlis moTxov-naTa daucvelad gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-wilSi, aseve amave kodeqsis 288-e muxlis ̀ m~ qvepunq-tis Sesabamisad _ sxdomis oqmSi ganmartebuli ar arisgadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi, maSin mxares sasa-marTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba yo-velTvis unda hqondes erTi Tvis vadaSi mis mier amgadawyvetilebis aslis miRebis dRidan. im SemTxve-vaSi ki, Tu saqmis masalebiT ver xerxdeba gasaCivre-buli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxareze Cabarebis zus-ti TariRis dadgena, zogadsamarTlebrivi principe-bidan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebu-li yvela eWvi unda gadawydes sakasacio (saapelacio)saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piris sasargeblod,anu gasaCivrebis erTTviani vada ar unda iqnes miCne-uli gasulad.78


707


muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavnasakasacio sasamarTloSi

sakasacio saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg sa-apelacio sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gada-ugzavnis sakasacio sasamarTlos sakasaciosaCivars da mTlianad saqmes.

kanonis danawesis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 395-e muxli) sa-kasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes gasaCivrebuli ga-dawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. es sasamarT-lo saCivris dasaSvebobis Seumowmeblad dauyovneb-liv agzavnis mas saqmesTan erTad sakasacio sasamarT-loSi.

_ im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac miuxedavad kanonis da-nawesisa, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia uSualod saka-sacio sasamarTloSi (ix. ssk-is 395-e muxlis komenta-ri), gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamar-Tlo sakasacio sasamarTlos moTxovnisTanave valde-bulia gadaagzavnos saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi.


708

T a v i XLIX

saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi

muxli 399. zogadi debulebani

saqmis ganxilva sakasacio sasamarTloSiwarmoebs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic dad-genilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTaganxilvisaTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,romelTac es Tavi Seicavs.

_ Tavis mxriv, saapelacio sasamarTlo saqmis war-moebisas xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, romlebic dad-genilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmeTa war-moebisaTvis, im cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT, racdadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-visaTvis.

amrigad, sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-va warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia:

a) sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis;b) saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis, rodesac sakasa-

cio sasamarTlosaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi araadadgenili;

g) pirvel instanciaSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, ro-desac ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaT-vis raime gansxvavebuli wesi sakasacio da arc saapela-cio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis araa dadge-nili.

_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kanonmdeblobaSi arisxarvezi, sakasacio sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs kano-nis an samarTlis analogiiT (ssk-is me-7 muxli).

709


muxli 400. sakasacio saCivrisgadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis,pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze

gansaxilvelad miRebis Semdeg sakasaciosaCivrisa da TandarTuli masalebis asle-bi unda gadaegzavnos meore mxares, romel-sac sakasacio sasamarTlo dauniSnavs va-das saCivarze werilobiTi pasuxis gasace-mad.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme gan-saxilvelad. amisaTvis sakasacio sasamarTlom sakasa-cio saCivari da masze darTuli werilobiTi masalebisaslebi (Tu aseTi masalebi erTvis) Tavisi ganCinebiT`sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misimomzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda gadaugzavnos mowinaaRmde-ge mxares. am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ro-mel sakiTxebze unda gasces pasuxi mowinaaRmdege mxa-rem, kerZod:

a) cnobs Tu ara sakasacio saCivars;b) Tu ar cnobs, ra konkretul mosazrebebs emyareba;g) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Se-

motanas;d) ra vadaSi unda iqnes warmodgenili werilobiTi

pasuxi;e) gafrTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom am vadis gasvlis

Semdeg mas erTmeva ufleba waradginos werilobiTi Se-sagebeli;

v) saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvis dRe, xolo Tusakasacio sasamarTlos saqmis zepiri ganxilva ar miaC-nia saWirod (ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili), maSin gan-CinebaSi unda mieTiTos, rom saqme ganxiluli iqnebazepiri ganxilvis gareSe da sakasacio sasamarTlos mi-er miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxa-reebs, rac gulisxmobs miRebuli gadawyvetilebis as-lebis mxareTaTvis gagzavnas.


710

muxli 401. sakasacio saCivrisdasaSvebobis Semowmeba

1. sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10 dRisvadaSi momxsenebelma mosamarTlem undaSeamowmos, Setanilia Tu ara sakasaciosaCivari am kodeqsis 396-e muxlis moTx-ovnaTa dacviT, Tu sakasacio saCivari ak-mayofilebs aRniSnuli muxlis moTxovnebs,igi warmoebaSi miiReba am kodeqsis 391-emuxlis safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamow-meblad2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebul sakiTxebs momxsenebeli mosamar-Tle wyvets zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.3. am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis safuZvelze

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebssasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba.kolegia uflebamosilia aRniSnuli sakiTxigadawyvitos zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.4. Tu sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad

iqneba miCneuli, pirs daubrundeba mis miergadaxdili saxelmwifo baJis 70 procenti.

1. dasaSvebobis axali winapirobebis SemoRebasTandakavSirebiT ssk mkveTrad mijnavs erTmaneTisagansakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebasa da sakasaciosaCivris dasaSvebobas, agreTve maT safuZvlebsa damiznebs.

pirvel etapze - (10 dReSi sakasacio saCivris Se-mosvlidan). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitossakiTxi misaRebia Tu ara warmoebaSi sakasacio saCi-vari. amisaTvis mas evaleba Seamowmos pasuxobs Tu araigi 396-e muxlis moTxovnebs. imis mixedviT Tu rogoriiqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlos mo-samarTles gamoaqvs Sesabamisad „ganCineba sakasaciosaCivris warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb“ 391-e muxlis

711


safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad, romelSicsxva rekvizitebTan erTad unda mieTiTos mizanzeSemowmdes sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, an „ganCine-ba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tq-mis Sesaxeb“.79

meore etapze - sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadaw-yvitos ufro rTuli sakiTxi: dasaSvebia Tu ara sakasa-cio saCivari 391-e muxlis safuZvelze. dasaSvebobasamowmebs sakasacio sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgen-loba. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba Semowmebis Sede-gebi sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans Sesabamisad „gan-Cinebas sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisSesaxeb“ (403-e muxli). an „ganCinebas sakasacio sa-Civris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauS-veblobis gamo“ (403-e muxli)

2. sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis, sakasaciosaCivris xarvezis an sakasacio saCivris ganuxilveladdatovebis sakiTxebs wyvets erTpirovnulad momx-senebeli mosamarTle zepiri mosmenis gareSe, rac ararTmevs mas uflebas gamouZaxos da gaesaubros mxa-reebs im sakiTxebze, romlebic saCivris warmoebaSimiRebas Seexeba.

3. rac Seexeba sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sak-iTxs, 391-e muxlis safuZvelze mas amowmebs sasamarT-los kolegiuri Semadgenloba, romelsac SeuZliadaniSnos amisaTvis zepiri mosmena an sakiTxi gadawyvi-tos zepiri mosmenis gareSe.

4. sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad cnobis SemTxveva-Si kasators ubrundeba baJis 70 procenti.

ssk ar Seicavs miTiTebas imis Taobaze ubrundebaTu ara baJi kasators im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misisakasacio saCivari ar iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi.

79 marTalia warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs wyvets erTpirovnuladsakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle, magram Sesabamisi ganCinebamas gamoaqvs sakasacio palatis saxeliT.


712

samarTliani iqneba Tu mas daubrundeba mis mierSemotanili saxelmwifo baJi mTlianad. sasamarTlopraqtika swori mimarTulebiT midis, aseT SemTxveva-Si saxelmwifo baJi ukan brundeba.

muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi

1. Tu arsebobs sakasacio saCivris yvelawinapiroba da igi miRebulia sakasacio sa-samarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdebaim nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, ro-

melic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sa-kasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT Se-aCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrule-basTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi.3. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamo-

tanil iqnes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe,uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebiT.

1. sakasacio saCivris, agreTve Segebebuli sakasaciosaCivris Setana SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyveti-lebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas im nawilSi, romelSic ga-saCivrebulia. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCineba saka-sacio saCivris (Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris) gansa-xilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb avtomaturad SeaCerebs ga-saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlasgasaCivrebul nawilSi. ganCinebaSi mizanSewoniliaaRiniSnos amis Sesaxeb, magram romc ar aRiniSnos, ga-dawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla mainc SeCerde-ba kanonis ZaliT.

2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis dau-yovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas (ix. ssk-is 268-emuxlis komentari). Tu sakasacio saCivari Semotaniliagadawyvetilebaze, romelic gadacemulia dauyovneb-

713


liv aRsrulebisaTvis, maSin sakasacio sasamarTlomTavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad mi-Rebis Sesaxeb, unda miuTiTos gasaCivrebuli gadawy-vetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SeCerebis Se-saxeb, Tu amas kasatori moiTxovs.

3. amasTan erTad, dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze gada-cemuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebisa da aR-srulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebisSesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs specialuriganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos aRsrule-bis SeCerebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis uzrun-velyofis im garantiebze, romlebic gaTvaliswinebu-lia ssk-is 57-e da 271-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis ko-mentari).

_ Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris miReba iwvevs igi-ve Sedegebs, rasac damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivrismiReba, oRond gadawyvetilebis mxolod im nawilismimarT, romelic am saCivriTaa gasaCivrebuli.

muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna

1. sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad mi-Rebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gan-sazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,ris Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am gan-Cinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.2. sasamarTlom unda acnobos mxareebs

did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misiganxilvis TariRis Sesaxeb.

1. sakasacio sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damoki-debuli ganixilos saqme sasamarTlo sxdomaze (zepiriganxilvis formiT) mxareTa monawileobiT, Tu zepiriganxilvis gareSe, anu mxareTa monawileobis gareSe.

_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTv-lis saqmis zepir ganxilvas, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi_ ̀ sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom-


714

zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, Tu romel dRes, ro-mel saaTze da sasamarTlos romel sxdomis darbazSimoxdeba saqmis ganxilva.

_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewo-nilad saqmis zepiri ganxilva, maSin man Tavis ganCine-baSi ̀ sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom-zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, rom sakasacio saCi-vari ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, mxare-ebs ecnobebaT saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Se-saxeb da gaegzavnebaT misi asli (ssk-is 408-e muxlisme-3 nawili).

_ zemoxsenebul orive SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Setyo-bineba unda gaegzavnoT ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRisvadaSi.

2. rac Seexeba did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da mi-si ganxilvis TariRis mxareebisaTvis Setyobinebis sa-kiTxs, igi unda mowesrigdes am muxlis pirveli nawi-lis komentaris gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, mxareebs ec-noboT am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.

muxli 404. gadawyvetilebisSemowmebis farglebi

1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadaw-yvetilebas sakasacio saCivris farglebSi.sakasacio sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TavisiiniciativiT Seamowmos saproceso darRve-vebi, garda 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis`v~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebisa.2. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis saga-

ni SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos isganCinebebi, romlebic win uswrebs sasa-marTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebas, imis-gan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maTmimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.3. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamow-

mos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT-

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los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas moce-mul konkretul saqmeze saerTaSoriso kom-petencia. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosteritoriul da sagnobriv gansjadobas sa-kasacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mo-pasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaS-vebia, Tu igi saqmis saapelacio sasamarT-loSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopa-suxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mize-zi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqnawamoyenebuli saapelacio sasamarTloSi.

1. sakasacio saCivris farglebSi unda vigulisxmoTkasatoris sakasacio moTxovna (gadawyvetilebis gauq-meba mTlianad an nawilobriv). sakasacio moTxovnas-Tan mimarTebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Sea-mowmos materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis ara mar-to is darRvevebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs kasatori Ta-vis saCivarSi, aramed saerTod gadawyvetilebis kano-niereba. sakasacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia kasatorismoTxovniT da igi ver gacdeba am moTxovnis farglebs:es farglebi ar moicavs kasatoris Txovnas saqmis xe-laxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis Tu axali gada-wyvetilebis gamotanas TviTon sakasacio sasamarTlosmier (ix. 396-e muxlis „e“ punqtis komentari). igi araaSeboWili agreTve kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSimiTiTebuli kanonis darRvevebiT da amowmebs gadawy-vetilebas materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis swo-rad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, Tu sakasaciosasamarTlo aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad miva im daskv-namde, rom kasatoris moTxovna gadawyvetilebis mTli-anad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebis Sesaxeb unda dakmayo-fildes, magram ara sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli,aramed materialur-samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis)sxva darRvevis gamo, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda ga-moitanos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba.


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_ gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa saproceso normebisdarRvevis Semowmebis mimarT.

saproceso normebis darRvevebs sasamarTlo Sea-mowmebs, Tu am darRvevebze miTiTebulia sakasacio sa-CivarSi. Tavisi iniciativiT sakasacio sasamarTlos Se-uZlia Seamowmos faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romle-bic saqmeSia an sakasacio sasamarTloSi warmoadginamxarem, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon saproce-so normis darRveva (ssk-is 396-e muxlis `v~ qvepunq-ti), agreTve saproceso darRvevebi, romlebzec miTi-Tebulia am muxlis me-3 nawilSi.

2. sasamarTlos nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba gasa-Civrdes. Tavisebureba mxolod imaSi mdgomareobs, romzogierTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (calke) _ ker-Zo saCivriT, xolo zogierTi _ mxolod gadawyvetile-basTan erTad.

_ sasamarTlos im ganCinebebis usworobaze da dau-sabuTeblobaze, romlebic SeiZleboda adre gasaCiv-rebuliyo kerZo saCivriT, magram ama Tu im mizeziT argasaCivrebula, agreTve im ganCinebebze, romlebzeckerZo saCivris Setana dauSvebelia _ SeiZleba mieTi-Tos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaR-mdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi.

es imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebis mimarT ar unda da-iweros kerZo saCivris msgavsi calke saCivari. am gan-CinebaTa usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze SeiZlebamiTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos Se-majamebeli gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg Setanil sa-kasacio saCivarSi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom adre gamotanili ganCinebebisgadawyvetilebasTan erTad gasaCivrebis mizani SeiZ-leba iyos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiu-li dausabuTeblobis, misi kanonis darRveviT miRe-bis dadastureba.

Sesabamisad, saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-lebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi Camo-

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yalibebul mosazrebebs am sasamarTlos mier gamota-nili ganCinebebis usworobisa da maTi kanonis darRve-viT miRebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos ar gamo-aqvs calke ganCineba. Tavisi mixeduleba (pozicia) amganCinebebis Sesaxeb sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZliaCamoayalibos sakasacio saCivris mimarT gamotanil Ta-vis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).

magaliTi:

saapelacio sasamarTlom saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-bas safuZvlad daudo iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic arwarmoadgenda saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis kanonier sa-fuZvels. vinaidan ssk-is 431-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganCi-neba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ar saCivrde-ba, saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila ganmeore-biT da miiRo adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis sapi-rispiro Sedegi.

sakasacio sasamarTlom marTebulad daakmayofilakasatoris moTxovna da gaauqma saapelacio sasamarT-los rogorc Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba, ise ganCi-nebac saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan ka-nonis darRveviT iyo miRebuli.80

3. sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxa-reTa Txovnis gareSe) ara marto SeuZlia, aramed val-debulia Seamowmos sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdeba-reoba da sasamarTlos saerTaSoriso kompetencia.

_ uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmebis dros sasa-marTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk-is me-11 muxliT (ix. ammuxlis komentari), xolo saerTaSoriso kompetenciisSemowmebis mizniT igi xelmZRvanelobs saqarTveloskanoniT ̀ saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (amkanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).81 rac Seexeba gansjadobas,

80 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeoda gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 19 oqtombrisganCineba #3k/393-01

81 T.liluaSvili, saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTali, Tb. 2004, gv.125


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amis Semowmeba sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi inicia-tiviT ar SeuZlia. unda arsebobdes mxolod mopasuxismoTxovna amis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, mopasuxes Seu-Zlia aseTi moTxovna wamoayenos mxolod im SemTxveva-Si, Tu gansjadobis darRvevis Sesaxeb man mimarTa saa-pelacio sasamarTlos an, Tu daadasturebs, rom sapa-tio mizeziT ver daayena es sakiTxi saapelacio sasa-marTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.

muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasaciosaCivari

mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sakasaciosaCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSiwaradginos Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari,miuxedavad imisa, aqvs Tu ara naTqvami uarisakasacio saCivris Setanaze.

_ am muxliT mowesrigebulia Segebebul sakasaciosaCivarTan dakavSirebuli mxolod ori sakiTxi:

a) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba wardge-nil iqnes 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca mowi-naaRmdege mxares gadaeca sakasacio saCivari. imismixedviT, Tu ra wesiT moxda sakasacio saCivris gadag-zavna mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis, am saCivris misTvisgadacemis momentic sxvadasxvanairad ganisazRvreba(ix. 70-e-78-e muxlebis komentaris danarTi) ;

b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeuZlia waradgi-nos kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxarem (sakasacio mopa-suxem) im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTq-vami gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.

Segebebul sakasacio saCivarTan dakavSirebul sxvapraqtikul sakiTxebze am muxlSi araa miTiTebuli, racSeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Segebebuli sakasacio saCi-vari zogierTi gamonaklisis garda unda pasuxobdesyvela im moTxovnas, rasac saerTod sakasacio saCivari.

es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs.

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a) Segebebul sakasacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba ka-nonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio saCivrissagnis Rirebuleba unda aRematebodes 50000 lars. igiSeiZleba am Tanxaze naklebi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rommasze ar vrceldeba agreTve 391-e muxlis me-5 nawiliTgaTvaliswinebuli dasaSvebobis pirobebi.

b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari organuladaadakavSirebuli damoukidebel (ZiriTad) sakasacio sa-CivarTan; Tu kasatori uars ityvis sakasacio saCi-varze an sakasacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad da-tovebs mas, maSin Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaricganuxilvelad unda darCes.

g) Tu Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari wardgeniliasakasacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi da misi RirebulebaaRemateba 50000 lars, maSin igi ganxilul unda iqnes,Tu misi Semtani piri uars ar ambobs Tavis SegebebulsaCivarze.

Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semtani piri iTxovsaramarto damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris uaryofas,aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mis sasarge-blod Secvlasac da Tu es asec moxda, es ar iqnebasauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principis darRveva.82

muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla dagadideba

davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebe-buli sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansaz-Rvra sakasacio sasamarTloze dauSvebelia.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mowodebulia Seamowmos ga-dawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare, kanonis dar-

82 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 285-287; ix.v.xrustali -Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari. Jurn. „samarTali“ Tb. 2001, #8, gv.15misive naSromi - samosamarTlo samarTlis gavlena samarTlisganviTarebaze sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis magaliTze, Jurn.„adamianida konstitucia“, 2003, #4, gv. 49-55


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RveviT xom araa gamotanili gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-tileba.

rac Seexeba davis sagnis Secvlas an mosarCelis moT-xovnis gadidebas, Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras an ki-dev imis gansazRvras, Tu ra Tanxebi iqna mxaris mierdaxarjuli ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-bis mizniT, rogorc wesi yovelTvisaa dakavSirebuliaxali faqtebis dadgenasTan da, aqedan gamomdinare,axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevasTan, Semowmebasada SefasebasTan, rac sruliad SeuTavsebelia im fun-qciasTan da im amocanebTan, romlebic sakasacio sasa-marTlos winaSe dgas.

magaliTi:

erT-erT saqmeze kasatorma Tavisi sakasacio saCiv-riT moiTxova binis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTi-lad cnoba da mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis bini-dan gamosaxleba.

sakasacio palatam binidan gamosaxlebis moTxovnisnawilSi sakasacio saCivari ar daakmayofila da miuTi-Ta, rom miuxedavad kasatoris moTxovnisa, sakasaciosasamarTlo sadavo binidan mopasuxisa da misi ojaxiswevrebis gamosaxlebis sakiTxs ver gadawyvets, vinai-dan binidan gamosaxlebis Taobaze mosarCeles dadge-nili wesiT ar miumarTavs sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniS-nulze ar arsebobda sasarCelo moTxovna.

vinaidan sadavo binidan gamosaxlebis sakiTxi mo-sarCeles qvemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi ar dauye-nebia da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qvemdgom sasamar-Tlos msjeloba ar hqonia, cxadia, am sakiTxze sakasa-cio sasamarTloc ver imsjelebda, radgan davis sag-nis gadideba sakasacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.83

83 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003 #8, gv.1973-1982

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muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivisafuZveli

1. sakasacio sasamarTlo imsjelebs mxa-ris mxolod im axsna-ganmartebaze, romel-ic asaxulia saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-wyvetilebaSi an sxdomis oqmSi. garda amisa,SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqnes amkodeqsis 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis„„v“„ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebi.2. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtki-

cebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebisavaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,Tu wamoyenebuli ar aris dasaSvebi dadasabuTebuli pretenzia (Sedaveba).

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili krZalavs sakasacio sa-samarTloSi axal faqtebze miTiTebasa da axali mtki-cebulebebis warmodgenas. aseTi mdgomareoba mkveT-rad ganasxvavebs sakasacio sasamarTlos saapelaciosasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia axali faqtebisada mtkicebulebebis miReba da ganxilva, Tu es xels arSeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ga-dawyvetas (ix. ssk-is 380-e muxlis komentari).

_ am akrZalvas efuZneba am muxlis pirveli nawilisdanawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio sasamarTlos Seu-Zlia imsjelos mxolod im faqtobriv garemoebebze damtkicebulebebze, romlebic wamoyenebuli iyo mxaree-bis mier saapelacio sasamarTloSi da aisaxa Sesabamis-ad sxdomis oqmSi an saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).

gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens is faq-tebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saproceso norme-bis darRvevas adastureben, Tu sakasacio saCivariaseT darRvevas emyareba (ssk-is 404-e muxli).

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna araviTar SemTx-vevaSi ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnes ise, TiTqos saapela-


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cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT damtkicebuladcnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebulo iyossakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, emya-reba Tu ara es damtkicebulad cnobili garemoebebisaqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.

aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom yovel-Tvis unda Seamowmos kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivar-Si Camoyalibebuli moTxovna (pretenzia) imis Sesaxeb,rom darRveulia ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawilis da-nawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari) da gadawyvetilebaSiar aris miTiTebuli, Tu romel mtkicebulebebs emya-reba sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtobrivi garemoebebisarseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, an rom saqmeSi saerTodar aris aseTi mtkicebulebebi da gaugebaria, Tu rissafuZvelze CaTvala man es garemoebebi dadasture-bulad.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi arSeamowmebs yovelive amas, Tu TviTon kasatoris mieraraa wamoyenebuli aseTi moTxovna, rac imaze migvaniS-nebs, rom kasatori TviTonac aRiarebs sasamarTlosmier damtkicebulad cnobil faqtobriv garemoebebs,cnobs maT dadgenilad da dadasturebulad.

_ damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli pretenzia, ris Se-saxebac miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, ar SeiZ-leba gavigoT rogorc kasatoris mier mowinaaRmdegemxaris mimarT raime axali materialur-samarTleb-rivi moTxovnis wamoyeneba. sakasacio sasamarTloSiar SeiZleba arc sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, arcsarCelis sagnis Secvla da arc Segebebuli sarCelisaRZvra (ssk-is 406-e muxli). damatebiT sakasacio pre-tenziaSi igulisxmeba mxolod im saproceso normebisdarRvevaze miTiTeba, romlebsac kasatoris azriT, ad-gili hqonda saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxil-vis dros da romelTa dasadastureblad SeiZleba mi-TiTebul iqnes saqmeSi arsebul masalebze, an am darR-vevebTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenil iqnes axali mtki-cebulebebi.

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magaliTi:

Sps ̀ musfondma~ sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova saol-qo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba im safuZv-liT, rom sasamarTlom daarRvia samoqalaqo saproce-so kodeqsis 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovna,sxvagvarad Seafasa garemoebani, romlebic dadgeniliiyo samoqalaqo saqmeze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadaw-yvetilebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic igive mxareebi mona-wileobdnen.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxarem miuTiTa da, Sesabami-sad, waradgina amave sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Se-suli gadawyvetileba, sadac igive mxareebi monawile-obdnen da davis saganic dakavSirebuli iyo winamdeba-re davasTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki samoqalaqo saqmezemiRebul gadawyvetilebas (dadgenil faqtebs) preiu-diciuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am (axal) davaSi, razedacsaapelacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi sa-erTod ar miuTiTa da ar ganixila isini saqmeze war-modgenil mtkicebulebebTan erTad. mocemul SemTx-vevaSi kasators gaaCnda dasabuTebuli sakasacio pre-tenzia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT da igisakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlianad miiCnia.84

_ damatebiT da dasabuTebul sakasacio pretenzi-ad aseve miiCneva sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo sapro-ceso kodeqsis 104-e muxlis pirveli nawilis darRve-va, rodesac sasamarTlom mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ar ga-moiZaxa da ar dakiTxa mowme, aseve, ar miiRo, ar gamo-iTxova an saqmidan amoiRo iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rom-lebsac gansaxilveli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvisarsebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. kasatori Tu aseT dar-Rvevaze miuTiTebs, man es mtkicebuleba sakasacio sa-Civars unda daurTos, raTa sakasacio sasamarTlom Se-amowmos sakasacio pretenziis dasabuTebuloba.



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magaliTi:

saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila apelan-tis Suamdgomloba samemkvidreo saqmis gamoTxovis Se-saxeb. sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi miuTi-Ta: saapelacio palatam ise miiCnia saqmisaTvis warmod-genili yvela saWiro dokumentacia srulyofilad, romar gaiTvaliswina samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 135-e muxlis moTxovnebi. aseve, ar Seasrula saproceso ko-deqsis 137-e muxlis moTxovnebi da reagireba ar moax-dina mxaris gancxadebaze anderZis siyalbis Sesaxeb.sasamarTlom mxolod daurTo Suamdgomloba saqmes daar ganixila. sakasacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom war-modgenili sakasacio pretenzia iyo safuZvliani, gaa-uqma saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saq-me daabruna xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis.85

muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba sakasaciosasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT.2. momxsenebeli sasamarTlos moaxsenebs

saqmis viTarebas, saapelacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs. amis Semdegmxareebs eZlevaT sityva gancxadebebis ga-keTebisa da dasabuTebis mizniT.3. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadaw-

yvetileba gamoitanos saqmis zepiri mosme-nis gareSe. sasamarTlom saqmis zepiri mos-menis gareSe ganxilvis Sesaxeb winaswar undaacnobos mxareebs.

1. sakasacio sasamarTloSi, ise rogorc saapelacioda pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi, saqmis zepiriganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.


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saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqti-kuli mniSvneloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom kasators damis mowinaaRmdege mxares eZlevaT SesaZlebloba ga-arkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo momxsenebelma mo-samarTlem sakasacio saCivris moTxovna, safuZvlebi,rasac es moTxovna emyareba da saerTod sakasacio sa-Civris Sinaarsi, agreTve mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesage-beli da misi Sinaarsi. Tu raime ar iyo sworad gagebulida gadmocemuli, mxareebs unda mieceT saSualeba daa-zuston TavianTi sakasacio saCivrisa da Sesageblisnamdvili arsi da Sinaarsi.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im sakiTxebiswres, romlebsac Tanmimdevrulad unda Seexos mosa-marTle, kerZod, sakasacio sasamarTlos momxsenebel-ma mosamarTlem unda gadmosces:

a) `saqmis viTareba~, anu vin aRZra sarCeli da viswinaaRmdeg, rogori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanilipirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier da romelma mxa-rem gaasaCivra igi saapelacio sasamarTloSi;

b) rogori gadawyvetileba miiRo saapelacio sasa-marTlom da romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv sa-fuZvlebs emyareba misi gadawyvetileba. imis gaTvalis-winebiT, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkice-bulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebu-loa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis (ssk-is 407-e muxli),gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad dasrulad gadmocema, Tu romeli faqtebi cno saape-lacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT dadge-nilad da romeli kanonis (materialur-samarTleb-rivi normis) safuZvelze Seafasa iuridiulad es ga-remoebebi. es aris sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarT-lis moxsenebis erT-erTi yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo dayvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi;

g) ra aris sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, gadawyveti-lebis romel nawils asaCivrebs kasatori, rogoria mi-si moTxovna, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli dakonkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (ssk-is 393-


726

e da 394-e muxlebi). aqve sakasacio sasamarTlos mosa-marTle unda Seexos sakasacio saCivris winaaRmdeg, mo-winaaRmdege mxaris mier wamoyenebul werilobiTi Se-sageblis Sinaarss.

_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlis Semdeg sit-yva eZlevaT mxareebs, kerZod, kasators da mis warmo-madgenels, xolo Semdeg _ mowinaaRmdege mxaresa damis warmomadgenels. maT SeuZliaT daakonkreton dadaazuston TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Si-naarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdomaan uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is,rac ukve Tqva momxsenebelma mosamarTlem.

3. am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi ganpirobebuliasakasacio sasamarTlos funqciiTa da uflebamosile-biT Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mxo-lod iuridiuli mxare _ xom araa gadawyvetileba gamo-tanili kanonis darRveviT.

_ zogjer eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba marT-lac kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili, xolo zogjeraseve araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba mi-Rebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa zusti SesabamisobiT. Se-iZleba aseT viTarebaSi marTlac ar iyos saWiro mxare-Ta gamoZaxeba da maTi monawileobiT saqmis zepiri gan-xilva. magram, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetile-bis iuridiuli mxaris, anu samarTlebrivi dasabuTe-bulobis Semowmeba dakavSirebulia saqmis masalebis,am saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis analizTan, an kasa-toris mier warmodgenili damatebiTi werilobiTi ma-salebi miuTiTeben iseT saproceso darRvevebze, rom-lebsac SeeZloT gavlena moexdinaT gasaCivrebuli ga-dawyvetilebis, rogorc faqtobriv, ise mis iuridiuldasabuTebulobaze da sxva, agreTve, rodesac sakasa-cio sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am saqmeze gamotaniligadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da gamotanil iqnes axa-li gadawyvetileba misi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukandabrunebis gareSe, aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saWiro

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da mizanSewonili iyos mxareTa monawileobiT saqmiszepiri ganxilvis daniSvna.

praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarT-lo daadgens gadawyvetilebis gamotanas zepiri gan-xilvis gareSe, magram zepiri ganxilvis aucileblobaSeiZleba wamoiWras saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aseTSemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uflebamosilia axali ganCi-nebiT daadginos saqmis zepiri ganxilva.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens saka-sacio saCivris zepiri ganxilvis gareSe ganxilvas, sasa-marTlo valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxareebs.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seta-nil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawilis ga-uqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba sa-qarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlispirvel da mesame punqtebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitu-cio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 3ivlisis #2/6/205,232 gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofi-la sarCeli da CaTvala, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 408-emuxlis me-3 nawili, romelic uSvebs sakasacio sasamar-Tlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saqmis zepiriganxilvis gareSe, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kon-stituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis pirvel da me-same nawilebs.

ar iqneba interesmoklebuli aRiniSnos, rom sakon-stitucio sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebaSi moyvani-lia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarT-los praqtika, romelic ganmartavs evrokonvenciis me-6 muxlis debulebas saqmis sajarod ganxilvasTan mi-marTebaSi. kerZod, „adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sa-samarTlom saqmeze “Fredin SvedeTis winaaRmdeg” daad-gina, rom ufleba sajaro sasamarTlo ganxilvaze moi-cavs uflebas zepir ganxilvaze pirveli instanciis sa-samarTloSi da es savaldebulo moTxovna ar vrcel-deba zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebze”.86

86 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiis2003 wlis 3 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqme #2/6/205, 232


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T a v i L

sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlisfarglebi

sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Sec-valos saapelacio sasamarTlo gadawyveti-leba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxaree-bi moiTxoven.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seamowmosgadawyvetileba mxolod sakasacio saCivris fargleb-Si, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia.zustad aseve, sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosiliaSecvalos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, ra-sac kasatori moiTxovs.

sauaresod Sebruneba dauSvebelia (ix. ssk-is 384-emuxlis komentari). es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio sasa-marTlom an unda daakmayofilos saCivari masSi Camoy-alibebuli moTxovnis farglebSi, an uari unda uTxraskasators mis dakmayofilebaze. sakasacio sasamarT-lom an unda gaauqmos (Secvalos) gadawyvetileba ise,rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovs, an uari unda TqvasaseT gauqmebaze (Secvlaze). gadawyvetilebis samarT-lebrivi Semowmebisas SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom igiaraswori da kanonSeusabamoa im nawilSic, romelic ka-satoris sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad ami-sa, sakasacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs da ver Secv-lis gadawyvetilebas am nawilSi, radgan misi gauqmebaar uTxovia Segebebuli an damoukidebeli sakasacio sa-CivriT mowinaaRmdege, anu iuridiulad dainterese-bul mxares.

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muxli 410. uari sakasacio saCivarze

sakasacio sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebssakasacio saCivars, Tu:a) kanonis miTiTebul darRvevas ara aqvs

adgili;b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-

lebas safuZvlad ar udevs kanonis darR-veva.

_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uwinares yovlisa, valde-bulia Seamowmos, aqvs Tu ara adgili kanonis im darR-vevas, romelic miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi (ssk-is 393-e muxli). magram sakasacio sasamarTlo araa Se-boWili mxolod sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli kano-nis darRvevis SemowmebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlos Se-uZlia gascdes sakasacio saCivris farglebs da Seamow-mos kanonis iseTi darRvevebic, romlebzec araa miTi-Tebuli am saCivarSi:

sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebassakasacio saCivris moTxovnis farglebSi, magram ammoTxovnis farglebSi mas SeuZlia da valdebulicaaSeamowmos ara marto am saCivarSi miTiTebuli darRve-vebi, aramed kanonis sxva darRvevebic.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom, Tuigi uars eubneba kasators saCivris dakmayofilebaze,unda miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi ara marto imaze, romkasatoris mier miTiTebul kanonis darRvevas ar aqvsadgili da daasabuTos es, aramed imazec, rom kanonisarc sxva darRvevas aqvs adgili.

magaliTi:

uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam Tavis ganCi-nebaSi aRniSna: didi palatis azriT sakasacio saCivariusafuZvlobisa da dausabuTeblobis motiviT, ar un-da dakmayofildes, Tanaxmad samoqalaqo saprocesokodeqsis 410-e muxlisa da ucvlelad darCes Tbili-


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sis saolqo sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis ganCine-ba, radgan sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebul kanondarR-vevas adgili ar hqonia da saapelacio palatam kanonismarTebuli gamoyenebiTa da ganmartebiT, saqmis faq-tobriv garemoebaTa swori SefasebiT gamoitana kano-nieri ganCineba.87

muxli 411. sakasacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba

sakasacio sasamarTlo TviTon miiRebs ga-dawyvetilebas saqmeze, Tu ar arsebobs amkodeqsis 412-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuligadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis saa-pelacio sasamarTloSi xelaxla gansaxil-velad dabrunebis safuZvlebi.

_ es muxli gansazRvravs pirobas, romlis arsebo-bis SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZ-lia miiRos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, ise, rom ar daab-runos igi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan. amgvari piro-baa saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulad da swo-rad dadgena gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamom-tani sasamarTlos mier da am faqtebis dadgena sapro-ceso normebis darRvevis gareSe.

es iseTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac saqmis sworad gadaw-yvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi dadge-nilia srulad da sworad, e. i. faqtobrivi Tvalsaz-risiT saqme mzadaa gadasawyvetad, magram araswo-radaa Sefardebuli (gamoyenebuli) kanoni.

magaliTi:

uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo dagakotrebis saqmeTa palatam gaauqma saapelacio sasa-

87 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyve-tilebani, 2001-2002, gv. 77-82.

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marTlos gadawyvetileba da miiRo axali gadawyveti-leba sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCinebaSi miTi-Tebulia: palata Tvlis, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saq-meze faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgenilia saprocesonormebis darRvevis gareSe da palata uflebamosilia,miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. radgan mosarCele iT-xovs mravalbinian saxlSi binis mesakuTreTa saerTosargeblobaSi arsebuli farTis gayofas, rasac saqar-Tvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswi-nebs, amitom mis sarCels uari unda eTqvas.88

muxli 412. saapelacio sasamarTloSisaqmis dabruneba xelaxlagansaxilvelad

1. sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-yvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilve-lad abrunebs saapelacio sasamarTloSi,Tu:a) saqmis garemoebebi saproceso normebis

iseTi darRveviTaa dadgenili, rom am dar-Rvevebis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadaw-yvetileba iqna gamotanili da saWiroamtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva;b) arsebobs am kodeqsis 394-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, garda aRniS-nuli muxlis „„g“ da „e“ qvepunqtebisa.2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebul gadawyvetilebas sakasacio sasa-marTlom safuZvlad unda daudos samarT-lebrivi Sefaseba, romelic savaldebuloasaapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis. saqme xelax-la gansaxilvelad SeiZleba daubrundessaapelacio sasamarTlos imave an sxva Se-madgenlobas.„

88 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6 gv.1476-1479


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1. sakasacio sasamarTlo araa faqtebis damdgenisasamarTlo. igi mowodebulia Seamowmos gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e.i.ramdenad sworadaa Sefasebuli iuridiulad sasamarT-los mier dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi. es imasniSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Tval-sazrisiT Semowmeba SeuZlebelia imis garkvevis gareSeTu ra Sefasda, anu romeli faqtebi Sefasda iuridiu-lad. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes,rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans, Turomeli faqtebi CaTvala sasamarTlom dadgenilad da,maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiuladan kidev, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba mianiWafaqts, romelsac sinamdvileSi ar aqvs aseTi mniS-vneloba, SeiZleba moxdes piriqiTac, sasamarTlom iu-ridiuli mniSvneloba ar mianiWa faqts da ar dauSvamis dasadastureblad mtkicebuleba, romelsac si-namdvileSi aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba da bolos, sasa-marTlom srulad da sworad daadgina saqmeze faqti-uri garemoebebi, magram misca am faqtebs araswori sa-marTlebrivi Sefaseba.

rogorc vxedavT, sakasacio sasamarTlos donezefaqtebis dadgena ar warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarT-los kompetencias da mxolod samarTalSefasebaeqvemdebareba gadasinjvas, magram TviT samarTal-Sefardebis gadasinjva SeuZlebelia im faqtiurigaremoebebis gadamowmebis gareSe, romlebic sa-marTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqts warmoadgens.

saqmis ukan dabruneba gansaxilvelad mxolod imi-tom, rom saqme faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT mzadaa gada-wyvetilebis misaRebad, magram saWiroa am faqtebisswori iuridiuli Sefaseba - saqarTvelos kanonmde-blobiT dauSvebelia. Secdomis gasworeba saqmisfaqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebriv Sefaseba-Si - sakasacio sasamarTlos prerogativaa.

amitom, Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-yvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansax-

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ilvelad man Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTosgadawyvetilebisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romelifaqtobrivi garemoeba, romelzec mxareebi amyarebenTavianT moTxovnas Tu Sesagebels, ar iqna dadgenilisasamarTlos mier (Secdoma faqtis iuridiuli mniS-vnelobis SefasebaSi) an kidev, faqtis dadgenis (mtki-cebulebaTa mopovebis) romeli saproceso wesebi iqnadarRveuli, an raSi gamoixateba konkretulad sapro-ceso samarTlebrivi normis darRveva, romelmac ze-gavlena iqonia gasaCivrebuli g adawyvetilebis sis-woreze.

sakasacio sasamarTloebma yovelTvis mxedveloba-Si unda iqonion, rom Tu maT gadawyvetilebebSi (gan-CinebebSi) naTlad da garkveviT araa miTiTebuli gasa-Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an axali gadaw-yvetilebis gamotanis samarTlebriv safuZvlebze, ase-Ti gadawyvetilebebi ver Seasruleben sakasacio sasa-marTlos verc individualur da verc sajaro intere-sebis dacvis funqcias.

am muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad-sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadaw-yvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilveladTu arsebobs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erT-erTi ab-soluturi safuZveli, garda 394-e muxlis „g“ da „e“qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebisa, rodesacsakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon gamoaqvs gadaw-yvetileba saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dab-runebis gareSe.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio sasa-marTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas) gasa-Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb safuZ-vlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romel-ic SeiZleba Seexebodes aramarto saproceso dar-Rvevebis mniSvnelobis gansazRvras imis Sesaxeb, Tura gavlena SeiZleba moexdina maT gasaCivrebuli gada-wyvetilebis sisworeze, aramed materialur samarT-lebriv darRvevebs, magaliTad imis Taobaze, rom saa-


734

pelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena samarTlis norma, Tum-ca ar iyo dadgenili yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, racaucilebelia am normis SefardebisaTvis. sxva sityve-biT samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqti aris ara samarT-lebrivi normis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli faqtebi,aramed sasamarTlos mier dadgenilad cnobilifaqtebi. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saa-pelacio sasamarTlos mier gasaCivrebul gadaw-yvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseb-is siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Se-madgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrsa daSinaarsTan.

samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvladdaudo sakasacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gada-wyvetilebis gauqmebas, savaldebuloa saqmis xelax-la ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis.

muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba

sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisSemdeg saqme sakasacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebis aslTan erTad ukan unda daub-rundes saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.

sakasacio saCivris Taobaze gadawyvetilebis (gan-Cinebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme am gadawyvetilebis asl-Tan erTad unda daubrundes im sasamarTlos, romlismier gamotanil gadawyvetilebazec iyo es sakasaciosaCivari Semotanili.

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k a r i m e a T e

kerZo saCivari

T a v i LI

kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi

muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana

1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba sasa-marTlos mier gamotanil ganCinebebze, mxo-lod am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-vevebSi.2. kerZo saCivris Setana SeuZliaT mxa-

reebs, romelTa mimarTac gamotanilia gan-Cineba, agreTve im pirebsac, romlebsac uSu-alod exebaT es ganCineba.

1. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesSi, jer kidevgadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, saWiro xdeba sxvadasx-va xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis ganCinebebis gamotana. zogi-erTi aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarT-lo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da misgan gan-calkevebiT. swored amitom uwodeben aseT saCivarskerZo saCivars.

kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze dasaSvebia, Tu amas pir-dapir iTvaliswinebs kanoni.

magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva gan-Cinebebze Sedaveba dauSvebelia. Tu ganCinebaze ker-Zo saCivris Setanas ar iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aseT gan-Cinebaze sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi SeiZleba Camoya-libdes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivarSi.

2. kerZo saCivris Setana ganCinebaze, roca es kano-niTaa dasaSvebi, SeuZlia im mxares, romlis winaaRmde-gac ganCinebaa gamotanili.


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amasTan erTad, garda mxareebisa, kerZo saCivari Se-iZleba Seitanos im pirmac, romelsac es ganCineba uSu-alod exeba. magaliTad, pirma iSuamdgomla sasamarT-los winaSe, rom dauSvas igi mesame pirad damoukide-beli moTxovnis gareSe. sasamarTlom uari uTxra masTavisi ganCinebiT. am pirs SeuZlia gaasaCivros ganCi-neba, Tumca igi araa mxare, magram mas uSualod exebaes ganCineba. rodesac ganCineba miRebulia mxaris Su-amdgomlobis Taobaze, es mxare unda CaiTvalos im pi-rad, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba. Tu sasa-marTlos mier uari eTqva piris Suamdgomlobas mesamepirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSesaqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba ar-sebobdes sxva piri, romelsac Seexeba es ganCineba. sa-kiTxi imis Sesaxeb, exeba Tu ara gasaCivrebuli ganCi-neba uSualod im pirs, romelic araa am saqmeSi mxare,TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gadawydes sa-samarTlos mixedulebiT.

magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio palatam uc-vlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba,radgan, pirebi, romlebmac Semoitanes kerZo saCivari,ar warmoadgenen arc mxareebs da arc iseT pirebs, rom-lebsac uSualod exebaT gasaCivrebuli ganCineba.89

muxli 415. kerZo saCivris forma

kerZo saCivari Setanil unda iqnes weri-lobiTi formiT im sasamarTloSi, romel-mac miiRo gadawyvetileba.

_ ise rogorc sxva saxis saCivrebi (saapelacio,sakasacio) kerZo saCivaric SeiZleba wardgenil iqnesmxolod werilobiTi formiT da mxolod im sasamarT-loSi, romlis ganCinebac saCivrdeba.


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muxli 416. kerZo saCivris Setanisvada

1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ganCi-nebis gadacemis momentidan 12 dRis ganmav-lobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia.2. Tu ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda

kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pi-ri, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misigamocxadebis momentidan.

1. kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vada vrceldebamxolod iseT ganCinebebze, romelTa mimarT kanoniTgasaCivrebis sxva vada araa dadgenili. am vadis gagr-Zeleba dauSvebelia.

_ ganCinebis gadacemis momentad, saidanac iwyebamisi gasaCivrebis vada iTvleba am ganCinebis aslis mxa-risaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, rac undadadasturdes saTanado xelweriliT, an kidev, am gan-Cinebis mxarisaTvis gadagzavniT 70-78-e muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT.90

2. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba agreTve dasa-buTebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tumis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanisuflebis mqone piri, xolo Tu gamocxadda mxolod gan-Cinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin unda gairkves, Turodis Cabarda mxares dasabuTebuli ganCinebis asli,anu misi gadacemis momenti.91

90 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeoda gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2003 wlis 21 martis ganCineba#3k/365-0391 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2514-2516


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muxli 417. kerZo saCivrisa da saqmismasalebis gadagzavna zemdgomsasamarTloSi

kerZo saCivari saqmesTan erTad gadaeg-zavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos.

2006 wlis ivlisSi ssk-Si ganxorcielebuli cvlile-bebisa da damatebebis Sedegad, gasaCivrebuli gan-Cinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs TviTongamoasworos kerZo saCivarSi miTiTebuli da mis mierdaSvebuli Secdoma. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis manamdearsebuli wesi SenarCunebulia mxolod sarCelisuzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze Se-motanil saCivrebze (ix. 1971 muxlis komentari).

417-e muxlis Tanaxmad kerZo saCivari SeitanebagasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi,romelic am saCivars saqmesTan erTad dauyovneblivgadaugzavnis zemdgom sasamarTlos.

muxli 418. kerZo saCivris SetanisSedegi

1. kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeaCerebs imsaproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, rome-lic sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli ganCine-biT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SeaCeros aseTi

saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba. gasaCiv-rebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sap-roceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba Se-uZlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ansaapelacio sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCiva-ri mas gadaegzavna.

1. mTeli rigi ganCinebebisa, Tavisi xasiaTiT da Si-naarsiT iseTia, romelTa safuZvelze raime moqmedeba

739


unda Sesruldes, raime moqmedebis Sesruleba unda da-iwyos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aR-srulebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanaver SeaCerebs am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas ( 270-emuxli).

2. kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTva-liswinebuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZ-lia am ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da zemdgomsasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari gadaegzavna mas.

_ gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sap-roceso moqmedebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb gamotanil undaiqnes ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos imisSesaxeb, rom moqmedebis Sesruleba SeCerdeba kerZosaCivris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.

am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.

muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZosaCivris Taobaze

1. kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba ga-moaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos.2. ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganx-

ilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadg-inos kerZo saCivris zepiri ganxilvac, Tues saWiroa da xels uwyobs saqmis garemoe-bebis garkvevas.3. zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba kerZo

saCivris Taobaze ar gasaCivrdeba.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel gvidas-turebs, rom kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamo-aqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos. mxolod igi wyvets sakiTxskerZo saCivris dasaSvebobis, misi dakmayofilebis Tudakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.92

2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs zemdgomi



740

sasamarTlos mier kerZo saCivris ganxilvis Tavisebu-rebebs, romlebic SemdegSi mdgomareobs:

a) kerZo saCivari ganixileba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.b) orive mxaris mowveva da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis

daniSvna xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kerZo sa-Civris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos es saWirod da mizan-Sewonilad miaCnia. aseTi saWiroeba SeiZleba warmoiS-vas iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac kerZo saCivris arsi-dan gamomdinare aucilebelia zogierTi faqtobrivimonacemis dadgena-dadastureba. magaliTad, Semota-nilia kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze gadawyvetilebis da-uyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebis da-uyovnebliv aRsruleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes gar-kveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadasturebis SemT-xvevaSi, kerZod, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis da-yovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos gadam-xdevinebels an misi Semdgomi aRsruleba SeuZlebeliaRmoCndes ( 268-e muxli).

Tu kerZo saCivari saeWvos xdis im garemoebaTa ar-sebobas, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gasaCivrebul gan-Cinebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia am kerZo saCivris gan-xilvisaTvis daniSnos sxdoma (zepiri ganxilva) mxare-Ta SetyobinebiT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa gamo-ucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saCivris ganxilvasa dagadawyvetas;

g) kerZo saCivari SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyve-til iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, Tu sasamarTlosmiaCnia, rom kerZo saCivari dauSvebelia (gasulia ga-saCivrebis vada, Semotanilia arauflebamosili pirismier, araa gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi da a.S.), xolo mom-Civanma ar Seavso xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi, an kidev,dasaSvebi ki aris, magram aSkarad usafuZvlo da dau-sabuTebelia.

3. kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli sasamarTlos, anuzemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am kerZo saCivarze sa-bolooa, ar gasaCivrdeba da dauyovnebliv Sedis ka-nonier ZalaSi.

741


muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilviswesi

kerZo saCivrebis ganxilva zemdgom sasa-marTloebSi warmoebs Sesabamisad am sasa-marTloebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli wese-bis dacviT.

_ garda im gamonaklisebisa, romlebic gaTvaliswi-nebulia ssk-is 414-419-e muxlebiT, kerZo saCivris gan-xilva warmoebs kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli zemdgomi(saapelacio Tu sakasacio) sasamarTlosaTvis dadge-nili wesiT.

magaliTad, aq miTiTebuli muxlebi ar iTvaliswi-nebs kerZo saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis SesaZleblobasda wess, magram, Tu kerZo saCivars gaaCnia xarvezi, rom-lis Sevseba SesaZlebelia, an gadaxdili araa saxelm-wifo baJi, saCivris ganmxilvelma zemdgomma sasamarT-lom unda gamoitanos ganCineba am xarvezis SevsebisSesaxeb da daniSnos amisaTvis vada. aseT wess iTvalis-winebs ssk-is 368-e muxlis me-5 nawili da 396-e muxlisme-3 nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari).

_ marTalia, kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis konkre-tul vadebs kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs da faqtiuradamave muxlis daTqmis Tanaxmad, ssk-is 399-e, 372-e mux-lebis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiTa da kanonis analo-giis gamoyenebiT kerZo saCivris ganxilvisas unda vi-xelmZRvaneloT ssk-is 59-e muxliT, ra drosac maTzegavrceldeba sarCelis ganxilvis 2 Tviani vada. amas-Tan, unda aRiniSnos, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi damk-vidrebulma sworma sasamarTlo praqtikam calsaxadgviCvena, rom saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sa-samarTloebSi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis maqsimalur-ma vadam, Tavisi sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebe-lia Seadginos 1 Tve. es ki realurad Seuwyobs xelssamoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis dacvas (ZiriTa-di sarCelis kanoniT dadgenil vadebSi ganxilvas) da


742

am niSniT gamoricxavs am vadebis darRvevas. sasamarT-loebis mier zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba bevradaadamokidebuli kerZo saCivris droulad da rac Se-iZleba swrafad ganxilvaze. kerZo saCivris gamar-tivebulad ganxilvis wesebi, rasac kodeqsis es Ta-vi Seicavs, swored am mizans emsaxureba.

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kari meTerTmete

saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba

T a v i LII

gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxebda misi ganxilvis wesi

muxli 421. saqmis warmoebisganaxlebis saxeebi

1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-biT an ganCinebiT damTavrebuli saqmis war-moebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin,rodesac arsebobs gadawyvetilebis baTi-lad cnobis (422-e muxli) an axlad aRmo-Cenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebisganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxli) gancxa-debis wanamZRvrebi.2. Tu sasamarTloSi Semosulia gancxade-

bebi rogorc erTi da imave, aseve orivemxaris mier erTdroulad gadawyvetilebisbaTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil ga-remoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebisSesaxeb, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros axladaRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoe-bis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva, vidre ariqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyveti-lebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmiswarmoebis ganaxlebis or saxes:

a) gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas dab) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebisganaxlebas.

_ ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi saqmeebisa, ro-


744

melTa warmoeba damTavrebulia sasamarTlos kanoni-er ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT.aseT ganCinebebs ganekuTvneba ganCineba saqmis warmoe-bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e muxli) da ganCinebasarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 275-e muxli). am ganCinebebiT mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba.

igive unda iTqvas saapelacio da sakasacio instan-ciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze da ganCine-bebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba da aramaT iseT ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saape-lacio an sakasacio warmoeba (magaliTad, ganCineba sa-apelacio (sakasacio) warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb imisgamo, rom apelantma (kasatorma) uari Tqva Tavis saCi-varze (ssk-is 378-e muxli).

_ amrigad, baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil ga-remoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqme-bis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:

a) pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebebi, agreTve, ganCinebebisaqmis warmoebis Sewyvetisa Tu sarCelis (gancxade-bis) ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb;

b) saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo-ebis gadawyvetilebebi, ganCinebebi gasaCivrebuli ga-dawyvetilebebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb, agreT-ve, ganCinebebi saqmis warmoebis (da ara saapelacio, sa-kasacio warmoebis) Sewyvetis Tu sakasacio saCivris ga-nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.

_ sasamarTlo instanciebis yvela sxva ganCineba arSeiZleba iyos saqmis ganaxlebis mizniT baTilad cno-bis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebisobieqti, radgan maTi meSveobiT xdeba ara saqmis war-moebis damTavreba, aramed calkeuli saproceso moq-medebis Sesruleba, saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-li calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta.93

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs mxareTa gan-

93 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3,644-646.

745


cxadebis ganxilvis rigiTobas. Tu erTdroulad Semo-sulia gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisada axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxle-bis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom jer unda ganixilos gancxa-deba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. rac Se-exeba gancxadebas axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamosaqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ga-moaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebis ganxilvis SeCerebisSesaxeb, vidre ar iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadaw-yvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

_ aRniSnul gancxadebaTa ganxilvis amgvar rigiTo-bas SeiZleba hqondes mxolod erTi gamarTleba: gadaw-yvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-emuxli), Tu maT sinamdvileSi hqondaT adgili, gacile-biT ufro advili dasadgenia, vidre axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa dadgena.

_ Tu gadawyvetileba baTilad iqna cnobili da saq-mis warmoeba ganaxlda, maSin axlad aRmoCenil garemo-ebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gan-xilva aRaraa saWiro, sasurveli Sedegi ukve miRweu-lia, es gancxadeba ki ganuxilvelad unda iqnes dato-vebuli.

_ Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveliar arsebobs, maSin sasamarTlom unda ganaaxlos axladaRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis SesaxebSeCerebuli gancxadebis ganxilva.

muxli 422. gancxadebagadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb

1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-ba dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT Se-iZleba baTilad iqnes cnobili, Tu:a) gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileob-

da mosamarTle, romelsac kanonis Tanaxmadufleba ar hqonda, monawileoba mieRo am


746

gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri war-

momadgeneli (Tu mas aseTi warmomadgenelisWirdeba) ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxil-vaze;g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebul interesebs uSualod exebamiRebuli dgadawyvetileba, ar iyo mowveu-li saqmis ganxilvaze.2. gancxadeba aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT ga-

dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb da-uSvebelia, Tu mxares SeeZlo am safuZvle-bis wamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas, Sesabami-sad pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sa-kasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.

1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTiladcnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon mxareebma, mesame pi-rebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve im pirma, ro-melic, marTalia ar figurirebda saqmeSi, rogorc mxa-re an mesame piri, magram kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawy-vetilebaSi miTiTebulia am pirze da gansazRvrulia mi-si ufleba-movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT, ris Se-saxebac man gaigo am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSiSesvlis Semdeg, kerZod, misi aRsrulebis stadiaze.94

_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis baTilo-bis sam safuZvels:

a) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda monawileobamieRo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. gadawyvetilebismiRebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvs im mosa-marTles: romelic monawileobda am saqmis ganxilvaSi(moiazreba sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebi); ro-melsac ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasa-marTlom; romelic droebiT gadayenebulia (Camocile-

94 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeoda gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 19 Tebervlis gan-Cineba #as-662-1323-03

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bulia) samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisagan;romelic ar aris am kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgen-lobaSi da is ar SeuyvaniaT am SemadgenlobaSi kanoniTdadgenili wesiT;

b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgene-li, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. mxaris mow-veva saqmis ganxilvaze unda ganxorcieldes ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmis ganxilva erT-erTi mxaris (kanonieri warmomadgenlis) gareSe, romel-sac ar gaegzavna Setyobineba miTiTebuli muxlebiTdadgenili wesiT, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis saape-lacio (sakasacio) wesiT gauqmebis udavo safuZvels(ssk-is 394-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi gadawyvetilebaSevida kanonier ZalaSi da misi saapelacio (sakasacio)wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba, maSin daismis sakiTxiam gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

_ am punqtis danawesi sworad unda iqnes gagebuliim TvalsazrisiT, rom mTavaria mxares gaegzavnos Set-yobineba ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, mag-ram misi gamoucxadebloba verc saqmis ganxilvas daab-rkolebs da verc gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZve-li gaxdeba.95

g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanonier intere-sebs uSualod exeba miRebuli gadawyvetileba ariyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. praqtikaSi SesaZloaadgili hqondes iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac piri marTa-lia ar yofila saqmeSi Cabmuli arc mosarCeled, arcmopasuxed da arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli sasar-Celo moTxovniT, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiTganisazRvra misi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTimxaris mimarT (miekuTvna raime qoneba an ufleba,daekisra moqmedebis Sesrulebis movaleoba erT-erTimxaris mimarT da a.S.), anu uSualod Seexo mis kanonierinteresebs da am dros ar iyo igi saqmis ganxilvaze



748

mowveuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es gadawyvetilebiskanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis momentidan SesaZloa gaxdesmisi baTilobis safuZveli.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs baTilad cno-bis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (gansaxilveladmiRebis) pirobas. es piroba negatiuri Sinaarsisaa: mxa-res ar SeeZlo baTilobis safuZvlebis wamoyenebaprocesis adre etapze, kerZod, pirveli, saapelacioan sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, anu gadawyve-tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. igulisxmeba obi-eqturi da ara subieqturi SeuZlebloba, magaliTad,baTilobis safuZvlebis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxarem gai-go mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisSemdeg. ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos garemoebe-bi, romlebic daadastureben gadawyvetilebis baTi-lobis safuZvlebis am gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-laSi Sesvlamde wamoyenebis SeuZleblobas.

muxli 423. gancxadeba axladaRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmiswarmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb

1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-ba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganax-lebis moTxovniT, Tu:a) aRmoCndeba, rom dokumenti, romelsac

gadawyvetileba emyareba, yalbia;b) dadgenilia mowmis Segnebulad cru

Cveneba, eqspertis Segnebulad yalbi dask-vna, Segnebulad araswori Targmani, rasacmohyva ukanono an dausabuTebeli gadawy-vetilebis miReba;g) dadgenilia am saqmeze mxareTa da maT

warmomadgenelTa danaSaulebrivi qmedebaan mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba;d) sasamarTlo ganaCeni, gadawyvetileba,

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ganCineba an sxva organos dadgenileba, ro-melic safuZvlad daedo am gadawyvetile-bas, gauqmda;e) mxare warudgens sasamarTlos kanonier

ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, romelicgamotanilia imave sarCelis mimarT;v) mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi gare-

moebebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic, ad-re rom yofiliyo wardgenili sasamarT-loSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, gamoiwvevdamisTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamo-tanas.2. axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo

saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia ammuxlis pirveli nawilis `a~-`g~ qvepunq-tebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT, sisxlissamarTlis saqmeze Tu arsebobs kanonierZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni.3. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~-`v~

qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT saq-mis ganaxleba dasaSvebia, Tu mxares Tavisibralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZleblobasaqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis mi-Rebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSiSesuli da imave sarCelze gamotanili ga-dawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemo-ebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs im garemoebaTaCamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedosgadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis warmoebis ganax-lebas.

am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba ganm-cxadebels. man unda warudginos gancxadebis ganmxil-vel sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miTiTe-bulia am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi.

_ im garemoebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic SeiZleba


750

safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da saq-mis warmoebis ganaxlebas, amomwuravia da maTi wris arcgafarToeba da arc Sekveca sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia.

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesacgadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdebasasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelo-bis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb.

magaliTi:

sakasacio sasamarTlom, aseTi praqtika, rodesac ga-dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdebasasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelo-bis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, dauSveblad miiC-nia da Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi ganmarta: samoqala-qo saproceso kodeqsis 422-e da 423-e muxlebis mixed-viT, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvne-lobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, ver daedeba sa-fuZvlad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas an axladaRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-bas, radgan aseTi gadawyvetileba miRebulia udavowarmoebis wesiT, sadac ar arian urTierTdapirispire-buli mxareebi, xolo samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis106-e muxlis Tanaxmad, damtkicebas ar saWiroeben faq-tebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmezesasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-biT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igivemxareebi monawileoben.96

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im mtkicebuleba-Ta CamonaTvals, romelTa meSveobiT dasaSvebia im zo-gierT garemoebaTa damtkiceba, romlebic SeiZlebasafuZvlad daedos saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. esmtkicebulebebia: kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sisxlis sa-


751


marTlis saqmeze gamotanili sasamarTlos ganaCeni,romliTac dasturdeba, rom dokumenti, mowmis Cve-neba, eqspertis daskvna, Targmani, romlebic safuZv-lad udevs gadawyvetilebas da maSasadame, romelTagareSe aseTi gadawyvetileba ar iqneboda gamotani-li, yalbi da arasworia, an kidev, dadgenilia saxel-dobr, am saqmeze mxareTa, maT warmomadgenelTa, ag-reTve mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba. mxedve-lobaSia misaRebi mxareTa da mosamarTlis iseTi ka-nonsawinaaRmdego da sisxlis samarTlis wesiT das-jadi qmedeba, romlis zegavleniTac moxda aseTi ga-dawyvetilebis gamotana.

3. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvanam muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom ammuxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ e~-`v~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTe-buli safuZvlebi kidec rom dadasturdes (magaliTad:mxarem warmoadgina anderZi mas Semdeg, roca gadawy-vetileba samkvidro qonebis memkvidreebs Soris gana-wilebis Sesaxeb ukve Sevida kanonier ZalaSi), am gadaw-yvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba Se-iZleba mxolod ori aucilebeli pirobis arsebobisas:pirveli, faqti arsebobda gadawyvetilebis gamota-namde, magram cnobili ar iyo manamde da meore, mxa-rem ar icoda am faqtis Taobaze, amasTan, Tavisi bra-lis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxil-visa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros mieTiTebinaaxal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.97


1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTiladcnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTagamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis SesaxebSetanil unda iqnes gadawyvetilebis (gan-

97 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeoda gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 2 martis #as-25-341-04 ganCineba.


752

Cinebis) gamomtan sasamarTloSi. gancxade-bas ganixilavs gadawyvetilebis gamomtanisasamarTlo im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac ar-sebobs zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba amgadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Se-saxeb. saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlomxolod im SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs gancxa-debas gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisada axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saq-mis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, Tu igimis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebas exeba.2. Tu gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTi-

lad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoe-baTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Se-saxeb exeba erTsa da imave saqmeze ramdeni-me sasamarTlo instanciis gadawyvetilebas(ganCinebas), maSin igi Setanil unda iqnesmaT Soris yvelaze zemdgom sasamarTloinstanciaSi.

1. gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis SesaxebSetanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier ga-motanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cno-bas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebas mo-iTxoven. is garemoeba, rom am gadawyvetilebis ucvle-lad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb arsebobs saapelacioan sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, ar cvlis gans-jadobas. gancxadeba, miuxedavad amisa, unda ganixilosgadawyvetilebis gamomtanma da ara im sasamarTlom,romelmac ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datova igi.98

_ sxva sakiTxia, rodesac saapelacio (sakasacio) sa-samarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon gamo-aqvs axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxa-deba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes saa-pelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi.

98 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, 644-646.

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2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarT-lom nawilobriv gaauqma qvemdgomi instanciis sasamar-Tlos gadawyvetileba da gauqmebuli nawilis mimarTTviTon miiRo axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSigancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Seta-nil unda iqnes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic Tvi-Ton ganixilavs sakiTxs mTlianad gadawyvetilebis ba-Tilad cnobis, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamomisi gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ganmcxadebelma moiT-xovos ara mTlianad, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolodnawilobriv gauqmeba, agreTve gadawyvetilebis im na-wilis gauqmeba da warmoebis ganaxleba, romelic gamo-tanilia zemdgomi an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier. aseTSemTxvevaSi gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes im sasamar-TloSi, romlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawi-lis gauqmebas da am nawilSi saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-basac moiTxoven. gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs ssk-is 430-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komen-tari).

muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi

gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da ax-lad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis war-moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Se-tana da misi ganxilva warmoebs saerTo we-sebis dacviT, im gamonaklisebis gaTvalis-winebiT, romlebic am TavSia dadgenili.

_ am TaviT (ssk-is Tavi LII, muxlebi 421-432) gansazR-vruli gamonaklisebis garda, saqmis warmoebis ganax-lebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs am kodeq-siT dadgenili wesebis dacviT.


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muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada

1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTiladcnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTagamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis SesaxebSetanil unda iqnes erTi Tvis ganmavloba-Si da am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.2. vadis dena iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac

mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda gadawyvetile-bis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganax-lebis safuZvlebis arseboba.3. Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis

Sesaxeb gancxadeba emyareba 422-e muxlispirveli nawilis ̀ b~ qvepunqts, gancxadebisSetanis vada iwyeba im dRes, roca mxares an,Tu igi qmeduunaroa, mis kanonier warmo-madgenels ecnoba gadawyvetileba.4. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da

axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmiswarmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebisSetana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ka-nonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlisSemdeg.

1. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiserTTviani vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba.

2. gacilebiT ufro didi praqtikuli mniSvnelobaaqvs imis garkvevas, Tu saidan iwyeba am erTTviani va-dis dena. Tu mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganax-lebis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-423-e muxlebi) jer ki-dev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, xo-lo kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg es erTTviani vadaukve gasulia, maSin am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax-mad sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gancxadebas.

_ cxadia, rom kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi aqvs va-dis denis dawyebis sxva etapi: imisgan damoukideblad,

755


Tu rodis Seityo mxarem gadawyvetilebis baTilobis,Tu misi axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebissafuZvlebis Sesaxeb, gancxadebis Setanis erTTvianivadis dena iwyeba gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Ses-vlis Semdeg, radgan kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sasa-marTlosaTvis gancxadebiT mimarTva saqmis ganaxle-bis Sesaxeb, alogikuri da dauSvebelia.

_ sxva sakiTxia, rom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis sa-fuZvlebis Sesaxeb mxarem Seityo jer kidev gadawyve-tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde da Tanac iseTdros, rodesac jer kidev hqonda SesaZlebloba Sesa-bamisi saCivriT miemarTa pirveli instanciis, saapela-cio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis, risgamoc sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mas gancxadebismiRebaze da ganxilvaze, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebsssk-is 422-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 423-e muxlis me-3nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari). magram es xels aruSlis sakiTxis principul gadawyvetas: gancxadebisSetanis erTTviani vadis aTvla SeiZleba daiwyosmxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisSemdeg.

_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis instituti arsebobsmxolod da mxolod iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesacgadawyvetilebis saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCiv-reba aRar SeiZleba.

3. mxare (kanonieri warmomadgeneli), romelic saer-Tod ar iyo mowveuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze, amis Sesa-xeb Seityobs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mas ecnoba gadaw-yvetileba, e. i. rodesac mas Cabarda gadawyvetilebauSualod sasamarTloSi, an gaegzavna kanoniT dadgeni-li wesiT. swored amitom iwyeba vadis aTvla am dRidan.sxva mxriv am SemTxvevazec vrceldeba yvelaferi is,rac iTqva am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentarTan dakavSi-rebiT, kerZod, vadis aTvla daiwyeba mxolod gadawy-vetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, miuxedavadimisa, Tu rodis Cabarda es gadawyvetileba maT.

4. xuTi weli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRi-


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dan aris is maqsimaluri vada, romlis Semdeg gadawyve-tilebis baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemo-ebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebis ar-sebobis miuxedavad, aRar SeiZleba saqmis warmoebis ga-naxleba.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seta-nil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawilisgauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba sa-qarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts.saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirvelmakolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetile-biT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom ssk-is426-e muxlis meoTxe nawili, romlis Tanaxmad “gadawy-vetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil gare-moebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gan-cxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kano-nier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg”, ar ewi-naaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlispirvel punqts.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi mi-TiTebulia, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xang-rZlivad gadasinjvis daSveba safrTxes Seuqmnida immesame pirTa interesebs, romlebmac ufleba SeiZinesimaTgan, romelTac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis sa-fuZvelze ekuTvnoda igi. saqmis ganaxleba axlad aR-moCenil garemoebaTa gamo warmoadgens gamonaklis Sem-Txvevas. am gamonaklisis daSvebiT safrTxe ar unda Se-eqmnas im zogad wess, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ga-dawyvetileba aris saboloo, rom igi sabolood da Se-uqcevadad adgens mxareTa Soris urTierTobebs. vina-idan uflebis Sesaxeb dava yovelTvis qmnis am ufle-bis ganusazRvrelobas, sasamarTlo valdebulia wer-tili dausvas aseT mdgomareobas da gadawyvitos igi.is, rac iwvevda konfliqts mxareebs Soris, sasamarT-lo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iTvleba dadgenilad daudavod. dauSvebelia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamar-Tlo gadawyvetilebis mudmivad eWvqveS dayeneba, wi-

757


naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safuZveli gamoecleboda sasa-marTlosadmi sandoobis varauds. aravin ar aris daz-Rveuli imisagan, rom axlad aRmoCenili garemoeba, ro-melic eWvqveS daayenebs kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadaw-yvetilebas, kvlav ar gaxdeba saeWvo.99

muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTiladcnobisa da axlad aRmoCenilgaremoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebisSesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi

1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:a) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust

dasaxelebas;b) miTiTebas im safuZvlebze, romelTa

gamoc unda moxdes gadawyvetilebis baTi-lad cnoba an saqmis ganaxleba;g) miTiTebas im garemoebebze, romlebic

mowmoben, rom daculia gancxadebis Seta-nis vada, da am garemoebebis damadasture-bel mtkicebulebebze;d) miTiTebas gansjadobis wesebis dacvis

Taobaze;e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zomiT

da ra farglebSi moiTxovs ganmcxadebeligasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasada sxva gadawyvetilebiT mis Secvlas.2. Tu gancxadeba ar daakmayofilebs am

moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo avalebs ganmcxa-debels Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniS-navs vadas. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar Seiv-seba, gancxadeba aRar daiSveba.

99 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirveli kolegiis2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetileba #1/3/161


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1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romlebsac unda Sei-cavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yvela sxva ganc-xadeba, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxade-ba unda Seicavdes:

a) kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aramar-to zust dasaxelebas, aramed agreTve Tan unda daer-Tos am gadawyvetilebis asli;

b) imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria ganmcxadeblis moT-xovna, im safuZvelze miTiTebas, romelsac ssk-is 422-423-e muxlebis Tanaxmad ukavSirdeba saqmis warmoe-bis ganaxleba (ix. am muxlebis komentari);

g) ssk-is 426-e muxli gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebisganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setanis vadas da misiaTvlis wess. vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesacmxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZv-lis arseboba. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos imisSesaxeb, Tu rodidan gaxda cnobili ganmcxadeblisaT-vis am safuZvlis Sesaxeb da ra mtkicebulebebiT SeuZ-lia mxares am garemoebis dadastureba.

magaliTad, ganmcxadebeli, romelic moiTxovs gadaw-yvetilebis baTilad cnobas, warudgens sasamarTlossafosto gzavnils, romliTac dasturdeba gadawyveti-lebis Cabarebis dRe (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-3 nawili).mxare, romelic moiTxovs axlad aRmoCenil garemoeba-Ta gamo saqmis ganaxlebas, warudgens sasamarTlos ga-dawyvetilebas an ganCinebas im dokumentis siyalbis Se-saxeb, romelsac emyareba gadawyvetileba da a.S.;

d) saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba im sasamar-Tlos gansjadia, romlis mierac gamotanilia gadawy-vetileba da romlis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCe-nil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebasac moiTxoven (ssk-is424-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, am kategoriis saqme-Ta gansjadoba TviTon unda Seamowmos im sasamarTlom,romelsac mxarem mimarTa gancxadebiT;

e) miuxedavad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvle-bis arsebobisa, mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gadawyve-tilebis ara mTlianad, aramed nawilobriv gauqmeba. ami-

759


tom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu gadawyve-tilebis ra zomiT da ra nawilSi gauqmebas moiTxovs igi.

2. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasa-marTlos gamoaqvs ̀ ganCineba gancxadebis xarvezis Sev-sebis Sesaxeb~. am ganCinebiT sasamarTlo uniSnavs gan-mcxadebels vadas xarvezis SevsebisaTvis da afrTxi-lebs, rom Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli,gancxadeba ganuxilveli darCeba dauSveblobis gamo(ssk-is 429-e muxli).100

muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocilebagancxadebis ganxilvisagan

gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa Tu ax-lad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmisganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvaSidauSvebelia im mosamarTlis monawileoba,romelsac kanonis mixedviT ar unda mieRomonawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi (422-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqti),an romlis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamoaRiZvris saqme ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-emuxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqti).

_ savsebiT mizanSewonili da dasaSvebia, rom ganc-xadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb imave mosa-marTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgen-lobam ganixilos. aseve savsebiT mizanSewonil, gasa-geb da sruliad gamarTlebul gamonakliss iTvaliswi-nebs es muxli, romlis danawesi ganuxrelad unda Ses-ruldes.

100 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2002, #12, gv.2435-2440.


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muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobisSemowmeba

sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda Se-amowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara gancxadeba saq-mis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. Tu ar arsebobsgancxadebis daSvebis esa Tu is piroba,sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadebaganuxilvelad unda datovos, rac SeiZle-ba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.

es muxli avalebs sasamarTlos Seamowmos saqmis ga-naxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSveboba. amisaTvissasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aseTi gancxadebis yvelawinapiroba, kerZod:

a) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba uflebamosili pi-ris mier (mxareebi, Tanamonawileebi, mesame pirebi da-moukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, pirebi,romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorcmxareebi, magram romelTa ufleba-movaleobebi gani-sazRvra am gadawyvetilebiT);

b) daculia Tu ara aseTi gancxadebis Setanis erT-Tviani vada (ix. ssk-is 426-e muxlis komentari);

g) xom ar aris gasuli 5 weli gadawyvetilebis kano-nier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-4 nawi-li);

d) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba kanoniT gaTvaliswi-nebul moTxovnebs da Seavso Tu ara ganmcxadebelmaxarvezi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ssk-is 427-e muxli);

e) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba sasamarTloSi gan-sjadobis wesebis dacviT (ssk-is 424-e muxli);

v) SeeZlo Tu ara ganmcxadebels gadawyvetilebisbaTilobis pirobebis wamoyeneba pirveli instanciis,saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi saq-mis ganxilvisas (ssk-is 422-e muxli);

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z) ganmcxadebels Tavisi bralis gareSe hqonda Tuara SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetile-bis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi Sesulida imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mie-TiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze (ssk-is 423-e muxli);

T) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi, rasac iTval-iswinebs 38-e muxlis „k“ qvepunqti da 39-e muxlis „v“da „z“ qvepunqtebi.

_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ararsebobs saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaS-vebobis esa Tu is piroba da ganmcxadebelma sasamarT-los mier daniSnul vadaSi ar gamoaswora xarvezi, rom-lis gamosworebac SesaZlebeli iyo, sasamarTlo gamo-itans ganCinebas ̀ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxebgancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Taobaze.~

am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, gar-da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebisa.

_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom gan-cxadeba dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ̀ ganCinebasaqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRe-bisa da am saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~,romelic ar saCivrdeba.

muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva

1. Tu gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganax-lebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, maSin sasamarT-lom unda gansazRvros dro saqmis zepiriganxilvisaTvis.2. Tu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad

aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba usafuZvloa,sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ityvisgancxadebis dakmayofilebaze, rac SeiZle-ba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi.3. Tu gamoirkveva, rom saqmis warmoebis

ganaxlebis moTxovna safuZvliania, maSin


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gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas sasamarTlogaauqmebs Tavisi ganCinebiT.

1. saqmis zepir ganxilvas, anu sasamarTlo sxdomisdRes sasamarTlo niSnavs Tavisi ganCinebiT ̀ saqmis war-moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da amsaqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~.

uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomisa da saqmis zepiri gan-xilvis Sesaxeb mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk-is 70-78-e mux-lebiT dadgenili wesiT.

2. sasamarTlos sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis dros sa-samarTlo ikvlevs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesa-xeb gancxadebis safuZvlianobas, e. i. imas, arsebobs Tuara ssk-is 422-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli ga-dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli, Tu ganc-xadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komenta-ri), an ssk-is 423-e muxlSi miTiTebuli safuZveli, Tugancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis ko-mentari).

_ Tu ganmcxadebeli ver daadasturebs saqmis war-moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb mis gancxadebaSi miTiTebulsafuZvels (garemoebas), maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans`ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganc-xadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.

es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamar-TloSi, e. i. saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.

3. Tu ganmcxadebeli daamtkicebs gancxadebaSi mi-TiTebul saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvels, maSin sasamar-Tlo gamoitans ̀ ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis baTiladcnobisa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-is 422-e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli gadawyvetilebis ba-Tilad cnobas da am safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis ga-naxlebas moiTxovda, an gamoitans ̀ ganCinebas gadawy-vetilebis gauqmebisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoeba-Ta gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-is 423-e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli am safuZvliT moiTxovdawarmoebis ganaxlebas.

763


am ganCinebiT, romlis gasaCivrebac ar SeiZleba, sa-samarTlo niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes (sasamarTlosxdomas), ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs kanoniTdadgenili wesiT.

muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqme,romelzedac es gadawyvetileba iyo gamo-tanili, Tavidan unda iqnes ganxiluli saq-meTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb am kodeqsiT dadge-nili wesiT.

_ imisgan damoukideblad, Tu ra udevs safuZvladsaqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas _ gadawyvetilebis baTi-lad cnoba, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo amgadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, saqme, romelzec baTiladcnobili Tu gauqmebuli gadawyvetileba iyo gamota-nili, ganxilul unda iqnes Tavidan, e. i. ise, TiTqosigi adre arc yofila ganxiluli, saqmis ganxilvis amkodeqsiT dadgenili yvela wesis dacviT.

muxli 432. gadawyvetilebisaRsruleba

saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba verSeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas. sa-samarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT dro-ebiT SeaCeros gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-ba. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT sisruleSimoyvana imaze iqneba damokidebuli, iZlevaTu ara saqmis warmoebis momTxovni piriSesabamis garantiebs.

_ verc saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Seta-na, verc am gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesa-xeb sasamarTlos ganCineba da verc saqmis ganxilvis da-


764

niSvna ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRs-rulebas.

_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis SeCerebaSesaZlebelia mxolod amis Sesaxeb ganmcxadeblis Su-amdgomlobis sasamarTlos mier dakmayofilebis Sem-TxvevaSi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs ganCineba im gadaw-yvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, romlis ba-Tilobas an gauqmebasac Seexeba gancxadeba.

_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebiT SeiZle-ba garkveuli ziani miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares. ami-tom, aseTi SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom TavisiiniciativiT unda mosTxovos ganmcxadebels mosalod-neli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad Sesaba-misi garantiebi (ix. ssk-is 57-e muxlis komentari).

765


samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavalida daskvniTi debulebani

muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqosaproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso ko-deqsi amoqmeddes 1999 wlis 15 maisidan,rodesac `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos organuli kanonis TanaxmaddamTavrdeba saerTo sasamarTloebis sis-temis Camoyalibeba da dainiSnebian am sis-temis mosamarTleebi.

muxli 434. Zaladakarguli norma-tiuli aqtebis nusxa

1999 wlis 15 maisidan ZaladakarguladCaiTvalos:`saqarTvelos ssr samoqalaqo saproceso

kodeqsis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-los ssr 1964 wlis 26 dekembris kanoni(saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos uwyebe-bi, 1964 w., #36, mux. 663), agreTve amkanoniT damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos ssrsamoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis kodeq-si~.

muxli 435. samoqalaqo saprocesokanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi

samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba sasamarT-loSi xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saprocesokanonebiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis gan-xilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Ses-rulebis an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTaaRsrulebis dros.


766

samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis amoqmede-bas droSi awesrigebs agreTve am kodeqsis pirveli mux-lis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).

muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamdesasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidevdaumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva

1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi, romlebic miRe-bulia sasamarTloebSi 1999 wlis 15 mai-samde, magram romelTa ganxilvac ar arisdamTavrebuli am droisaTvis, unda ganixi-lon samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dad-genili wesebis Sesabamisad im sasamarTlo-ebma, romelTa warmoebaSic iyo es saqmeebi.2. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze1999 wlis 15 maisamde wardgenil sazedam-xedvelo saCivrebs, romlebzedac sazedam-xedvelo warmoeba damTavrebuli ar aris,ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamar-Tlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotre-bis saqmeTa palata.3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze1999 wlis 15 maisamde Setanil sazedam-xedvelo protestebs, aseve saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo pa-latis Suamdgomlobebs ganixilavs saqarT-velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo,samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata.4. samoqalaqo saqmeebze pirveli instan-

ciis sasamarTlos mier 1999 wlis 15 mai-samde gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi, rom-lebic ar Sesula kanonier ZalaSi, SeiZle-ba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.5. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier

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pirveli instanciis wesiT ganxilul samo-qalaqo saqmeebze 1999 wlis 15 maisis Sem-deg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi kanoniTdadgenil vadaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sa-kasacio sasamarTloSi.6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sa-

moqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-Ta palata am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawi-lebSi miTiTebul saqmeebs ganixilavs 408-emuxliT dadgenili wesiT, kolegiurad _ sa-mi mosamarTlis monawileobiT. im saqmeeb-ze Setanili saCivrebi, romlebic gansa-kuTrebiT rTulia, aseve ganxilulia uze-naesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo pala-tis, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiisa da pre-zidiumis mier, ganixileba palatis im wev-rTa sruli SemadgenlobiT, romlebsac mo-nawileoba ar miuRiaT saqmis ganxilvaSi.es wesi ar vrceldeba uzenaesi sasamarT-los sazedamxedvelo palataSi saqmeebis gan-xilvaSi monawileTa mimarT.7. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sa-

moqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-Ta palatas zedamxedvelobis wesiT saqme-Ta ganxilvisas SeuZlia saqme ar gadascesxelaxla gansaxilvelad da miiRos gadawy-vetileba 411-e muxlis Sesabamisad. sapro-ceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxo-lod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetile-bis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevisSedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebaiqna gamotanili.



768


muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiurirespublikis sasamarTloTagansjadoba

afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi sa-qarTvelos iurisdiqciis srulad aRdge-namde iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa dar-Rveuli da sadavo uflebebis, agreTve ka-nonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli intere-sebis dacvas axorcieleben afxazeTis av-tonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloebi maTisamoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviT, saqar-Tvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis I I ITavis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu mopasuxeciZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria.

muxli 440. warmomadgenlissaqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqoprocesSi

pirebs, romlebsac ar gauvliaT advoka-tTa testireba da ar arian gawevrianebu-li saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciaSi,ekrZalebaT warmomadgenlis uflebamosileb-is ganxorcieleba saapelacio da sakasacioinstanciebis sasamarTloebSi, garda sax-elmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilo-brivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobisorganos, organizaciebis TanamSromlebisa- am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmee-bze.

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muxli 441.

„ sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisaswarmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb„saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesabamisi cvlile-

bebis ganxorcielebamde sasamarTloebmaSeaCeron mesakuTresa da mosargebles Sorissacxovrebel sadgomTan dakavSirebulidavebis ganxilva, agreTve SeCerdessaaRsrulebo moqmedebebi da sacxovrebelsadgomze mesakuTresa da mosargebles Se-unarCundeT Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleobani.

muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlosuflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba,warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebisgadacema da sakasacio saCivrebisganxilva

1. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul saapela-cio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas 2005wlis 1 noembramde axorcieleben saolqoda avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesisasamarTloebi.2. saolqo sasamarTlosa da avtonomiuri

respublikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier2005 wlis 15 ivlisamde warmoebaSi miRe-buli saqmeebi, romelTa ganxilva raionu-li (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos uflebamosilebasganekuTvneba, gadaecema raionul (saqalaqo)sasamarTlos.3. 2005 wlis 1 noembramde daregistr-

irebuli sakasacio saCivris ganxilvaze ar


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komentarSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani

ss - saaqcio sazogadoebassk - saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsisus - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlosusg - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaniSps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba

vr vrceldeba am kodeqsis 391-e muxlisme-2 da me-5 nawilebis moqmedeba.

muxli 443. saapelacio saCivrisganxilva erTpirovnulad

1. 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde Setanili saa-pelacio saCivari am kodeqsis me-14 mux-liT gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv-samarTlebriv davaze, romlis Rirebulebaar aRemateba 10000 lars, aseve SromissamarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobilidavebi SeiZleba erTpirovnulad ganixilossaapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqme-Ta palatis mosamarTlem.2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebul saqmeebze dawyebul saapelaciowarmoebas erTpirovnulad agrZelebs saa-pelacio (saolqo) sasamarTlos samoqalaqosaqmeTa palatis is mosamarTle, romelicgamwesebul iqna saapelacio sasamarTlossamoqalaqo saqmeTa palataSi.

koreqtori i. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvili

pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 50sabeWdi qaRaldi, ofseti # 1 58X90, 1/16

beWdva ofseturi

fasi saxelSekrulebo

gamomcemloba `samarTali~,Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas gamz. 45

stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~gr. robaqiZis q. #7a

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