ქართული უმაღლესი იურიდიული...

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qarTuli umaRlesi

iuridiuli ganaTlebis

xarisxis kvlevis angariSi

Tbilisi2014

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kvleva dafinansebulia evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis mier ~samoqalaqo iniciativa damoukidebeli sasamarTlosTvis~ proeqtis farglebSi, amerikeli xalxis daxmarebiTa da SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa (USAID) da aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) meSveobiT. Sinaarsze pasuxismgeblebi arian kvlevis ganmaxorcielebeli organizaciebi: saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi, konstituciis 42-e muxli, elsa saqarTvelo. SesaZlebelia, kvlevaSi gamoxatuli Sexedulebebi ar emTxveodes evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis, USAID-is, amerikis mTavrobis an aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) Sexedulebebs.

kvleva ganxorcielda koalicia `damoukidebeli da gamWvirvale marTlmsajulebis~ mier proeqtis - ~xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisaTvis` - farglebSi.

aiwyo da dakabadonda saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondSi.

j. kaxiZis q.15 Tbilisi 0102 saqarTvelo(+995 32) 295 23 53, 293 61 01

akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, fondis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe

-------------------------------------------------------------------------© 2014, saias iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi

avtorebi:

redaqtori:

teq. redaqtori:

gamocemaze pasuxismgebeli:

giorgi gobroniZenino TvalTvaZemaka gioSvilizurab beJaSvili

socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti

xaTuna yviralaSvili

irakli svaniZe

Tamar metreveli

saias iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi

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S i n a a r s i

kvlevis reziume ................................................................................................................................... 5

Sesavali ................................................................................................................................................ 15

1. kvlevis mizani da meTodologia ............................................................................................. 16

1.1. kvlevis mizani ........................................................................................................................... 16

1.2. kvlevis meTodologia ............................................................................................................ 17

1.2.1. kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponenti ................................................................................ 17

1.2.2. kvlevis raodenobrivi komponenti .......................................................................... 21

1.2.3. kvlevis demografiuli profili ............................................................................. 22

2. ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva ................................................ 25

2.1. mimoxilvis Sesaxeb .................................................................................................................. 25

2.2. iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi ............................................................. 26

2.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi ........................................................................................ 27

2.2.2. komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris ................................................................ 28

2.2.3. iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba ........................................................ 30

3. qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva ................................................. 35

3.1. sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva ...................................................................................... 36

3.1.1. reforma ........................................................................................................................... 36

3.1.2. akreditacia/avtorizacia ......................................................................................... 37

3.1.3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva .............. 38

3.1.4. regulirebadi profesia ............................................................................................. 38

3.1.5. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze ... 42

3.2. silabusebisa da programebis analizi ............................................................................... 44

3.2.1. saswavlo kursis programebi ..................................................................................... 45

3.2.2. silabusis Sefasebis indikatorebi ......................................................................... 47

3.2.3. Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................ 49

3.3. saganmanaTleblo programa .................................................................................................. 50

3.3.1. swavlis safexurebi ...................................................................................................... 52

3.3.2. kvalifikaciebis struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis .............................................................................................. 53

3.3.3. saganmanaTleblo programis komponentebi .......................................................... 55

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3.3.4. programis Sefasebis indikatorebi ......................................................................... 56

3.3.5. saganmanaTleblo programebis Sefaseba ................................................................ 58

4. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi kvleva ...................................................................................... 60

4.1. Tvisebrivi kvlevis gzamkvlevi ........................................................................................... 60

4.2. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa saqarTveloSi ........................... 61

4.2.1. zogadi ganwyobebi ......................................................................................................... 61

4.2.2. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi ....................................................................... 63

4.2.3. bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba da profesiaSi „Sesvlis“ moTxovnebi ..................................................... 71

4.2.4. sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis mimarT damokidebuleba ..................................... 73

4.2.5. profesiaSi darCena da sasurveli kariera ........................................................... 74

4.2.6. studentTa mobiloba ................................................................................................... 75

4.2.7. dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi ........................................................................................ 79

4.2.8. ganaTlebis ufro maRal safexurze swavlis gagrZeleba ................................. 82

4.3. Sromis bazarze kvalificiuri iuristis Sesabamisoba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebTan .............................................................................................. 83

5. problemis saerTo Sefaseba da rekomendaciebi ................................................................ 85

5.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis zogadi Sefaseba ..................................... 85

5.2. problemebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT .................................. 85

5.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo da Sidasauniversiteto meqanizmebi .............................................................................. 85

5.2.2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan ..................................................................................... 88

5.2.3. saswavlo programebi ................................................................................................... 89

5.2.4. akademiuri personali ................................................................................................. 90

5.3. sxva tendenciebi ...................................................................................................................... 90

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kvlevis reziume

saqarTvelo gardamaval etapze myofi saxelmwifoa, romelic iswrafvis kanonis uzenaesobisa da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisken. am miznis miRwevaSi sakvanZo rols TamaSobs Zlieri, kargad ganviTarebuli samarTlebrivi institutebi, rogoricaa sasamarTlo, prokuratura, advokatTa korpusi da a.S. am institutebis gaZlierebisa da ganviTarebis umTavres pirobas, saxelmwifoSi arsebuli politikuri nebis, samoqalaqo kontrolis da sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis garda, warmoadgens kompetenturi kadrebi, romelTa gareSec warmoudgenelia mocemuli institutebis efeqturi funqcionireba.

nebismier qveyanaSi momzadebuli kadrebis profesionalizmis umTavresi ganmsazRvrelia saganmanaTleblo sistema. Sesabamisad, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi uSualod aisaxeba sasamarTlo, samarTaldamcav, sxva sajaro Tu kerZo samsaxuris TanamSromelTa momzadebis xarisxsa da profesionalizmis doneze.

saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi fundamenturad ar Seswavlila mas Semdeg, rac gasuli saukunis 90dian wlebSi universitetebma moipoves avtonomiuroba da damoukideblad aiRes sakuTar Tavze xarisxiani ganaTlebis miwodebis pasuxismgebloba. dResac saqarTveloSi araTu ar mimdinareobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvleva, aramed ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvrebac ki. „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblebis dokumenti“ mxolod im minimaluri kompetenciebis CamonaTvals gvaZlevs, romlebic unda hqondes Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis (bakalavri, magistri, doqtori) mflobels. xolo rogor unda miiRos aRniSnuli kompetencia studentma umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisgan, ar aris mocemuli.

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi

qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania, gamoavlinos, Tu ramdenad xarisxian umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas awodeben saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi studentebs, aseve, ra saxis moTxovnebs uyenebs Sromis bazari saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs da ramdenad akmayofileben kursdamTavrebulebi Sromis bazris moTxovnebs.

miznidan gamomdinare, kvlevis amocanas warmoadgens:

„xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ cnebis gansazRvra, rac gulisxmobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis indikatorebis gamoyofas;

saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebis mier iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba gamovlenili indikatorebis safuZvelze;

iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis mimarT Sromis bazris moTxovnebis gamovlena. aseve, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisobis Semowmeba Tanamedrove Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan.

kvlevis meTodologia

kvleva warimarTa rogorc Tvisebrivi, ise raodenobrivi kvlevis meTodebis gamoyenebiT. pirvel etapze momzadda kvlevis Teoriuli nawili, risTvisac mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela rogorc qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis

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sakanonmdeblo da sauniversiteto regulirebis dokumentebis Seswavla da analizi, aseve saukeTeso ucxouri iuridiuli praqtikis Seswavla. yuradReba gamaxvilda iseT indikatorebze, rogoricaa: saswavlo sistemis sakanonmdeblo da instituciuri regulireba, saswavlo procesis organizeba, struqtura, xarisxis mopovebisa da profesiaSi Sesvlis standartebi, kvleviTi saqmianoba, swavlebis meTodologia. moxda TiToeuli qveynis wamyvani universitetebis praqtikis gaanalizeba, ra drosac, garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, ZiriTadi aqcentebi gakeTda saswavlo kurikulumebze, uSualod universitetSi saswavlo procesis organizebaze da saswavlo procesis moqnilobaze. aman mkvlevarebs saSualeba misca, SeegrovebinaT sakmarisi informacia Tvisebrivi kvlevis warmarTvisTvis. Sedegad, momzadda fokus-jgufis gzamkvlevi. fokus jgufebSi warmodgenilni iyvnen rogorc iuridiuli ganaTlebis eqspertebi, ise Sromis bazris msxvili moTamaSeebi. Sesabamisad, Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi ganxorcielda, erTi mxriv, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kriteriumebis dadgena, meore mxriv ki - Sromis bazris Seswavla.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis indikatorebiT momzadda kiTxvari, romlis safuZvelzec Catarda raodenobrivi kvleva da gamoikiTxa 1350 adamiani: 1000 studenti, 350 profesor-maswavlebeli da iuridiuli fakultetis administraciis warmomadgeneli. kvlevam moicva saqarTveloSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela umaRlesi saswavlebeli, romelic studentebs umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas sTavazobs.

kvlevis etapebi

ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilva

ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebis mimoxilvis ZiriTadi mizani gaxlavT iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi indikatorebis dadgena. Sesabamisad, muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo imas, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben ucxoeTis qveynebSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs. mimoxilvis mizani ar yofila imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli qveynis modelia saqarTvelosTvis idealuri.

dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla 11 qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema. qveynebis SerCevisas yuradReba gamaxvilda ramdenime ZiriTad faqtorze: geografiuli mdebareoba, samarTlebrivi kultura, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis unikaluroba. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeirCa Semdegi qveynebi: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, kanada, inglisi, germania, safrangeTi, niderlandebi, belgia, Sveicaria, litva, CexeTi da poloneTi. bunebrivia, Sesaswavli saxelmwifoebidan yvela ver iqneba ganxiluli, rogorc umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis warmatebuli modelis magaliTi. Tumca, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso iyo is garemoebebic, romlebic xels uSlida calkeul qveynebs iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi. am kvlevis safuZvelze, Seiqmna diskusiis gzamkvlevi.

kvlevis Sedegad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisaTvis mniSvnelovan elementebad warmodgenili iqna:

• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi;• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis

meqanizmebi; komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris;

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• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba. es, Tavis mxriv, moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa arCeviTi sagnebis simravle, interdisciplinuroba, akademiuri personali da sagnebis Sesabamisoba qveyanaSi arsebul tendenciebTan;

qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilva

saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli raime specialuri samarTlebrivi aqti, garda „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblis dokumentisa“. Sesabamisad, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis Seswavlis farglebSi moeqca yvela is kanoni da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic saqarTveloSi umaRles ganaTlebas, ganaTlebis xarisxs, akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis process aregulirebs. analizis safuZvelze gamoikveTa is faqtorebic, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da pirdapir Tu iribad ganapirobebs kvalificiuri iuridiuli korpusis formirebas qveyanaSi. es faqtorebia:

1. iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standarti - iuridiuli, rogorc regulirebadi akademiuri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programa, specifikur midgomas da regulirebas saWiroebs. amitom mizanSewonilad migvaCnia dargobrivi regulirebis meqanizmis, unificirebuli aqtis Seqmna (mag. kanoni iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli ganaTlebis erTian saxelmwifo standarts, romelSic saxelmwifo mkafiod daafiqsirebs pozicias, ras niSnavs kvalifikacia iuristi? ra unda icodes, ra unar-Cvevebs unda flobdes?)

2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris qmediTi roli - sasurvelia am samsaxuris gaZliereba da erTiani meTodologiis daxvewa, strategiuli xedvebis Camoyalibeba da samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba. sasurvelia, fokusi gakeTdes regulirebad profesiebze, raTa saxelmwifos principuli damokidebuleba gamoCndes am profesiebis mimarT, mudmivad unda moxdes xarisxis kontrolis mxardaWera, raTa Zlieri iuristTa korpusi Camoyalibdes qveyanaSi.

3. biblioTeka - biblioTekebis mdgomareoba universitetebSi Sors aris idealurisagan. am mxriv aucilebelia, gagrZeldes muSaoba da biblioTeka studentebisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelmisawvdom adgilad iqces, sadac isini yvelaze did dros gaatareben.

4. akademiuri personali - unda aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrda tendencia, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebul iqna ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi adamianis mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aucilebelia adgilobrivi kadrebis maqsimaluri waxaliseba, raTa ar moxdes mxolod ramdenime piris datvirTva Seusabamod didi odenobis saaTebiT, rac sabolood xels uSlis xarisxiani da kvalificiuri leqciebis sistematiur Catarebas.

silabusebis da programebis analizi

qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo normebis analizis paralelurad, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis sakvanZo nawils warmoadgens uSualod qarTuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis samarTlis silabusebis da programebis analizi.

silabusebis analizis Sedegad, gamoikveTa Semdegi problemebi:

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saxelmwifo universitetebi• swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela SesaZlo meTodi. praqtikaSi

yvela maTganis gamoyeneba Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia;• swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki, scdeba

meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia iseTi dasaxuli Sedegebis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba;

• swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli. amasTan, ar aris dakonkretebuli, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba iyos. zog SemTxvevaSi - ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki - mxolod mSralad aris yvela miTiTebuli (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi);

• ar aris miTiTebuli informacia imis Sesaxeb, sagani savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. marTalia, es savaldebulo moTxovna ar aris, Tumca, rekomendirebulia, radgan students gaumartivebs sagnis momzadebas silabusis safuZvelze;

• ar aris Sevsebuli grafa: saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapiroba.

kerZo universitetebi• saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi, zog SemTxvevaSi, arasaTanadod aris Camoyalibebuli,

xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, aklia Sesabamisi literaturis zusti (gverdebis) miTiTeba;• ar aris miTiTebuli leqtoris vinaoba, statusi da monacemebi;• kreditebi:

kreditebis raodenoba naklebia realurad studentis mier gasawev samuSaoze;

ar ikveTeba saaTobrivad studentis datvirTva;• zedmetad farTod aris Camoyalibebuli saswavlo kursis miznebi;• swavlis Sedegebi ar aris dakonkretebuli (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis

praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi).

rac Seexeba saswavlo programebis analizs, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi:

saxelmwifo universitetebis SemTxvevaSi:• saganmanaTleblo programis Sedegebi ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli.

Sesabamisad, aris miznebTan misi Sesabamisobis problema;• programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis)

Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba standarts;

• zogadad weria biblioTekaze, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S.

• programaSi vxvdebiT arCeviTi sagnebis simcires;• kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa;• programa Zalian zogadia;• misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli.

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kerZo universitetebis SemTxvevaSi:• misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli;• dasaqmebis sferoebi ar aris miTiTebuli;• saswavlo kursebze kreditebis gadanawileba ar ikveTeba;• programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis)

Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba standarts;

• zogadad weria biblioTekaze, rom is Seesabameba standarts, Tumca, miTiTebuli ar aris aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S.

Tvisebrivi kvleva

damsaqmebelTa moTxovnis Seswavlis garda, Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani raodenobrivi kvlevis kiTxvarisTvis iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis gamoyofa iyo.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi SegviZlia Semdegi saxiT warmovadginoT:

xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis erT-erT ZiriTad winapirobas warmoadgens saswavlo procesis (saswavlo programa universitetebSi, praqtikuli samuSao, staJireba da a.S.) imgvarad dagegmva, rom iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulis kvalifikacia Seesabamebodes Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda is ramdenime komponenti („sistemuri“ indikatorebi), romlebic, gamokiTxulTa azriT, xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis garantias warmoadgens:

saswavlo programa - kvlevis monawileTa nawili (ZiriTadad samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi/damsaqmeblebi) emxroboda mosazrebas, rom iurists unda gaaCndes zogadi kvalifikacia, xolo nawili mxars uWerda iuristTa viwro specializacias me-3 kursidan. kvlevis monawileebs Soris gamoikveTa mosazreba, Teoriul codnasTan erTad, praqtikuli gamocdilebis gaRrmavebis Sesaxeb (miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi sworad gamoyenebis unari). xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebas aseve xels uwyobs: interaqtiuli leqciebis Catareba, kazusebis amoxsna, iuridiuli literaturis qarTul enaze Targmna (mosamarTleebma miuTiTes, rom qarTul enaze Targmnili iuridiuli literaturis ararseboba mniSvnelovan bariers qmnis xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebisa da Semdgomi dasaqmebisTvis).

kvalificiuri personali - saswavlo programa warmatebiT ver ganxorcieldeba Sesabamisi adamianuri resursis gareSe (jgufur diskusiebze miuTiTes, rom profesor-maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili Teoretikosia da, arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac isini saqmis kursSi ar arian kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebis Sesaxeb). praqtikosi profesor-maswavleblebis raodenobis gazrda (romelTa mozidva universitetebSi sakmaod problemuria maTi datvirTuli samuSao grafikis gamo), romlebic SeimuSaveben xarisxian da gamarTul silabusebs, uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zrdas.

kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze negatiurad aisaxeba studentTa gazrdili raodenoba jgufebSi (universitetebma, Sromis bazris moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda daadginon iuridiul fakultetze misaRebi abiturientebis raodenoba, Tumca, komerciuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ase ar xdeba). amas garda, zogierTi monawile uaryofiTad afasebda iuridiuli ganaTlebis arsebul models,

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romelic dasavluri modelis analogia da gadmotanilia yovelgvari adaptaciis gareSe.

kvlevis monawileebma miuTiTes unarebi, romlebic unda gaaCndes kvalificiur iurists/kursdamTavrebuls, rom bazarze moTxovnadi gaxdes:

• samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria);• ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna;• menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;• weriTi da verbalurad argumentirebuli msjeloba;• im qveynis samarTlis codna, romeli qveynis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTanac

eqneba iurists urTierToba (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);• sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna;• interpretaciis unari;• pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.

Sromis bazarze damkvidrebisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba im konkretul kriteriumebs, romlebic aucilebelia iuristis profesiaSi SesvlisTvis. mag: testireba ver uzrunvelyofs profesionalizmis dadgenas da saWiroa damatebiTi komponentebis (kazusebis amoxsnis, gasaubrebis da a.S.) Semotana. kvlevaSi monawileTa nawili uaryofiTad afasebs advokatebisa da mosamarTleebis profesiaSi Sesasvlelad aucilebeli staJirebis xangrZlivobas da misi gazrdis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs.

kvalificiur iuristad Camoyalibebasa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi, romelic Sromis bazarze adgilis mopovebis garantiaa, erT-erT mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs iuridiuli klinika, romelic rCeba universitetSi arsebuli praqtikuli codnis deficitis Sevsebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan alternativad. Tumca, Sromis bazarze arsebobs klinikis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba. garda amisa, yvela universitets ar aqvs iuridiuli klinika da studentTa miRebac SezRudulia adamianuri resursis naklebobis gamo.

raodenobrivi kvleva

raodenobrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom oTxive samizne jgufis respondentebis (bakalavrebi, magistrantebi, doqtorantebi, profesor-maswavleblebi) gamokveTili umravlesobis (70%-ze meti) azriT, saqarTveloSi mwvave problemas warmoadgens xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miReba.

amave dros, respondentebi (yvela jgufSi) dadebiTad afaseben iuridiuli profilis mqone TiTqmis yvela kategoriis specialistis (mosamarTleebi, advokatebi, prokurorebi/gamomZieblebi, notariusebi, iuriskonsultebi) kvalifikacias. erTaderTi gamonaklisia gamomZieblebi/prokurorebi, romelTa kvalifikacia uaryofiTad fasdeba profesor-maswavleblebis jgufSi. kvalifikaciis pozitiuri Sefasebis velSi yvelaze metad dawinaurebulni arian notariusebi da mosamarTleebi, xolo SedarebiT naklebad - iuriskonsultebi da advokatebi.

iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebidan uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi xvdeba zogadad regionuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo). oTxive kategoriis respondentTa dadebiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba - gansakuTrebiT, iusticiis umaRlesi skola. Tumca, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi narCundeba sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mimarT Semdegi prioritetulobiT: saqarTvelos

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iusticiis saswavlo centri, saias iuridiuli swavlebisa da informaciis centri, TbilisSi arsebuli saxelmwifo da kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebi. amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa mniSvnelovan raodenobas (15-35%) sxvadasxva jgufSi gauWirda sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sefaseba (iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT), umaRlesi saswavleblebis (universitetebis) garda.

TbilisSi arsebuli kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis mimarT dadebiTi Sefaseba ufro mZafria kerZo universitetebis yvela samizne jgufis respondentebs Soris, saxelmwifo universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT.

raodenobriv kvlevaze saubrisas aRsaniSnavia, rom, marTalia, gamokiTxulTa 70% xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas miiCnevs mwvave problemad, zogadi damokidebulebebi dadebiTia. aseT dros yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ukmayofiloTa nawils, romelic SedarebiT mcirea, magram - gasaTvaliswinebeli. magaliTad: Tu 10 studentidan 4 studentia ukmayofilo da 6 kmayofili, umravlesoba kmayofili gamodis, Tumca, SesaZloa, 4 studentis azri Tavisi ~woniT~ ufro mniSvnelovania, Tu saqme karg da motivirebul studentebTan gvaqvs, romlebic viTarebas ufro kritikulad uyureben. saSualo monacemebi asaxavs zogad tendencias, romelSic umravlesobis azrs upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tumca, Cven aqcenti unda davsvaT ara mxolod zogad tendenciaze, aramed uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa kritikul raodenobazec. imavdroulad, amgvari Sedegi SesaZloa asaxavdes studentebis gulgril damokidebulebas saswavlo procesis mimarT da kritikuli masis naklebobas, rac, Tavisi arsiT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani problemaa saqarTvelos iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi.

kvlevis rekomendaciebi

1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo da Sida sauniversiteto regulireba

interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalis miuxedavad, mainc arsebobs safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akrediataciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba, kerZod, statusis mopovebis sanacvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTavazebis saxiT.

imisTvis, rom aRniSnuli riski minimumamde Semcirdes, mizanSewonilia, Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo aqtSi gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizaciis/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akreditaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ar hqondes SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviridoT ara marto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, aramed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan, samomavlod dasaqmebis perspeqtiviT.

kidev erTi problemuri sakiTxi aris akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesi. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis procesSi ver moxerxda gamoTqmuli SiSebis calsaxa dadastureba an uaryofa, mizanSewonilia, gadaixedos akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT. kerZod, sabWos muSaobaSi, garda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebisa, CaerTon iuristTa profesiuli gaerTianebebi da interesTa jgufebi sxvadasxva seqtoridan.

iuridiuli profesia, kanonis mixedviT, „regulirebadia“, eqimisa da pedagogis profesiebis gverdiT. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi dRemde ar arsebobs kanoni umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, sxva regulirebadi profesiebi ukve moeqcnen sakanonmdeblo CarCoebSi.

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mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb specialuri kanonis miReba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisa da standartebis gansazRvras. aseve, SesaZlebeli iqneboda im problemuri sakiTxebis kanoniT gawera, romlebic realurad aferxebs qveyanaSi iuristis profesiis ganviTarebas.

iuridiuli ganaTlebis moTxovnadobidan da iuridiul fakultetze studentTa didi raodenobidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresda e.w. „dawyebiTi iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ problemiTac. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki skolebSi gaumjobesdeba samarTlis swavlebis xarisxi, aseve, erTian erovnul gamocdebSi arCeviT sagnad CarTuli iqneba samarTlebrivi an masTan miaxloebuli disciplina, abiturienti gacilebiT momzadebuli CaerTveba saswavlo procesSi, rac, bunebrivia, dadebiTad aisaxeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan ganaTleba ar aris calmxrivi procesi. bevri ram damokidebulia ara mxolod ganaTlebis mimwodebelze, aramed codnis mimRebzec.

rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sida sauniversiteto regulirebis meqanizmebs, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia swavlebis sistematizaciis problema, kerZod, saubari gvaqvs imaze, rom universiteti praqtikulad ar gansazRvravs da ar aregulirebs swavlebis meTodologias. universitetebis silabusebis Seswavlis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom am Temas naklebi yuradReba eTmoba. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas saxelmwifo universitetebSi.

mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes garkveuli midgoma swavlebis meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT, SemuSavdes calkeul disciplinebze swavlebis meTodebisa da maTi monitoringis sistemebi.

mniSvnelovania aseve saswavlo programebis regulirebis sakiTxi rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi.

garda aRniSnulisa, saxelmwifo universitetebSi SeiniSneba arCeviTi sagnebis simwire, rac, rogorc Tundac iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikidan Cans, xarisxiani ganaTlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.

aRniSnuli problemis mosagvareblad, isev da isev, mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis erTiani standartis Camoyalibeba, romlis dakmayofilebac savaldebulo iqneba rogorc kerZo, ise umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis. mniSvnelovania monitoringis qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, rom standartebi marTlac daculi iyos praqtikaSi. es sakiTxi SesaZloa daregulirdes kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.

ramdenadac iuristis profesia umniSvnelovanesia qveyanaSi samarTlianobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisTvis, xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba ayvanili unda iyos saxelmwifo politikis rangSi. am TvalsazrisiT, mkvlevarTa jgufi misaRebad miiCnevs germanul models, sadac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba warmoadgens qveynis marTlmsajulebis politikis nawils. rac Seexeba uSualo regulirebas, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, am mimarTulebiT yvelaze optimaluria iuridiuli ganaTlebis interesTa jgufebis CarTva xarisxis gansazRvrisa da kontrolis procesSi. aseve, sainteresoa amerikuli modeli, sadac saxelmwifo sakuTari funqciebis delegirebas axdens arasaxelmwifo aqtorebze, imavdroulad, ganaTlebas inarCunebs, rogorc sakuTari politikis prioritetul elements.

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2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan

Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli profesiis efeqtur regulirebasa da ganaTlebis srulyofili standartebis SemuSavebaze. Tanamedrove saswavlo meTodebi, maTi gamoyenebis efeqturi meqanizmebi, praqtikaze orientirebuli swavleba is komponentebia, romlebic unda daregulirdes ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiTa da universitetebis Sida aqtebiT.

bazarze arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis gasaumjobeseblad erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens klinikuri swavlebis gafarToeba.

aseve, vlindeba komunikaciis nakleboba damsaqmebels, saxelmwifosa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris. amdenad, kidev erTxel ikveTeba xarisxis gansazRvrasa da regulirebaSi interesTa yvela jgufis CarTvis mniSvneloba.

3. saswavlo programebi

Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovania, saswavlo programebis sakiTxi ganvixiloT ara mxolod universitetis Sida regulirebis meqanizmebis, aramed zogadi TvalsazrisiTac. raodenobrivi kvlevis dros calsaxad gamoikveTa, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi naklebad sTavazoben raime axals magistraturis studentebs.

gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro programa sTavazobs studentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da, rom sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva.

kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi samagistro da sadoqtoro programebze kvleviT komponentTan dakavSirebiTac. praqtikulad swavlebis yvela safexurze vawydebiT problemebs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. es problema, iseve rogorc viwro specializaciis sakiTxi, mwvaved idga jgufuri diskusiebis procesSic.

mizanSewonilia, umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma yuradReba gaamaxvilon problemebis mogvarebis mimarTulebiT. sasurvelia, SemuSavdes garkveuli standartebi da maTi monitoringis meqanizmebi enis swavlebis da specializaciis kuTxiT. am problemis arseboba aseve miuTiTebs komunikaciis naklebobaze damsaqmebelsa da saswavlebels Soris. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSic, Cveni rekomendaciaa interesTa jgufebis maqsimaluri CarTuloba.

rogorc saswavlo programebis, aseve damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom profesiaSi Sesvla jer kidev ar niSnavs dasaqmebas. Sesabamisad, swavlis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi kritiriumi ver iqneba is faqti, rom students SeuZlia Caabaros profesiaSi Sesvlis gamocda. profesiaSi Sesvlisas dawesebuli moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, Seesabameba studentis mier universitetSi miRebul codnas. aqedan gamomdinare, rac ufro dabalia sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi, miT ufro dabali standarti iarsebebs profesiaSi Sesvlisas.

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4. akademiuri personali

problemis mogvarebis efeqturi gza, upirveles yovlisa, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis optimizaciaa. es gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, iuridiul fakultetebze swavlebis xarisxis mkacr monitorings, meore mxriv ki - akademiuri personalis waxalisebas, romelsac unda SeeZlos, erT adgilas muSaobiT daikmayofilos materialuri moTxovnebi da ar iyos iZulebuli, imuSaos ramdenime dawesebulebaSi. aseve mniSvnelovania akademiuri personalis waxaliseba regionebSi. samwuxarod, regionebSi adgilobrivi akademiuri kadrebis seriozuli deficiti arsebobs.

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Sesavali

mimdinare kvleva, romelic warmoadgens qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis analizs, momzadda aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutisa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT, „damoukidebeli da gamWvirvale marTlmsajulebisTvis“ arasamTavrobo organizacia-Ta koaliciis mxardaWeris programis farglebSi.

mocemuli proeqtis implementacia ganaxorcieles „saqarTvelos axalgazrda iurist-Ta asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondma“, „konstituciis 42-e muxl-ma“ da „elsa - saqarTvelom“. Sesaswavli problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, proeqtSi aseve CarTuli iyo socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti. proeqtis mimdinareo-bis zedamxedvelobas axorcielebda saias „iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi“.

kvlevis mizans warmoadgens qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gan-sazRvra da Sefaseba, arsebuli problemebis determinacia da maTi gadaWris rekomenda-ciebis SemuSaveba.

problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, proeqtze momuSave jgufis midgoma kompleqsuria. Sesabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli xarisxis kvleva moicavs: umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaT-lebis xarisxis regulirebis ucxouri praqtikis mimoxilvas, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis analizs, aseve, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebisa da silabusebis analizs.

kvleva agreTve swavlobs damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs, raTa ukeT gamokveTos kavSiri saqarTvelos umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemasa da arsebul Sromis bazars So-ris.

mocemuli angariSis pirveli Tavi mimoixilavs kvlevis miznebs, meTodologias, empiri-uli masalis Segrovebis instrumentebs.

mkvlevarTa winaSe mdgar erT-erT rTul da mniSvnelovan amocanas warmoadgenda iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gazomvadi kriteriumebis dadgena. am mizniT, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ganxorcielda ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva, romelic warmodgenilia angariSis meore TavSi.

ucxouri praqtikis analizi warmoadgens qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ga-zomvadi kriteriumebis gansazRvris erT-erT komponents, Tumca, es namdvilad ar aris sakmarisi. miznis misaRwevad, mkvlevarTa jgufma detalurad Seiswavla saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo baza, aseve, qarTuli universi-tetebis iuridiul fakultetebze gamoyenebuli programebi da silabusebi. maT mimox-ilvas angariSis mesame Tavi eTmoba.

zemoT aRniSnuli nabijebi warmoadgens kvlevis Teoriuli nawilis mosamzadebel etaps, ramdenadac Segrovebuli da gaanalizebuli informaciis safuZvelze ganxorcielda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli pirveladi cvladebis determinacia. saboloo Sedegis misaRwevad Catarda Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi kvleva, romlis Se-degebic warmodgenilia meoTxe TavSi.

angariSis mexuTe Tavi aris erTgvari reziume, Sejameba, sadac mTlianobaSi Sefasebu-lia qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema, axsnilia problemis mizezebi da mocemulia Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi.

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1. kvlevis mizani da meTodologia

1.1. kvlevis mizani

„xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisTvis“ mimarTulia qarTuli umaRlesi iu-ridiuli sistemis gaZlierebisken, aRniSnul sistemaSi arsebuli problemebis identi-fikaciis, maTi Seswavlisa da analizis gziT.

mogexsenebaT, saqarTvelo gardamaval etapze myofi saxelmwifoa, romelic miiswrafvis kanonis uzenaesobisa da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisken. mocemuli miznis miRwevaSi sakvanZo rols TamaSobs Zlieri, kargad ganviTarebuli samarTle-brivi institutebi, rogoricaa sasamarTlo, prokuratura, advokatTa korpusi da a.S. aRniSnuli institutebis gaZlierebisa da ganviTarebis umTavres pirobas, saxelmwifo-Si arsebuli politikuri nebis, samoqalaqo kontrolis da sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis garda, warmoadgens kompetenturi kadrebi, romelTa gareSec warmoudgenelia mocemu-li institutebis efeqturi funqcionireba.

nebismier qveyanaSi momzadebuli kadrebis profesionalizmis umTavres ganmsazRvrels warmoadgens saganmanaTleblo sistema. Sesabamisad, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi uSualod gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, samarTaldamcav, sxva sajaro Tu kerZo samsaxuris TanamSromelTa profesionalizms, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dRes, rodesac qveyanaSi araerTi instituciuri reforma mimdinareobs.

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba kanonis imperatiul moTxovnas warmoadgens araerTi sajaro moxelisTvis Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, iuridi-uli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvleva, arsebuli problemebis Seswavla da gamosworebis gze-bis Zieba marTlmsajulebis xelSewyobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisa da, zoga-dad, samarTlebrivi kulturis daxvewis saqmeSi wingadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabijia.

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi, partnior organizaciebTan erTad, pirvelia, vinc qveyanaSi msgavsi kvlevis ganxorcieleba aiRo sakuTar Tavze.

problema mdgomareobs imaSi, rom qveyanaSi ar mimdinareobs araTu iuridiuli ganaT-lebis xarisxis kvleva, aramed ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvre-bac ki. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier „dargo-brivi maxasiaTeblebis dokumenti“ mxolod im minimaluri kompetenciebis CamonaTvals gvaZlevs, romlebic unda hqondes Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis (bakalavri, magistri, do-qtori) mflobels, xolo rogor unda miiRos aRniSnuli kompetencia studentma uma-Rlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisgan, ar aris mocemuli.

qveynis saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi mimdinare procesebis analizis safuZvelze, Segvi-Zlia davaskvnaT, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi fundamenturad ar Seswavlila saqarTveloSi mas Semdeg, rac universitetebma gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi avtono-mia moipoves da sakuTar Tavze xarisxiani ganaTlebis miwodebis pasuxismgebloba aiRes.

yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, kvlevis mizania, gamoavlinos, ramdenad xarisxian umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas awodeben saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi stu-dentebs. aseve, ra saxis moTxovnebs uyenebs Sromis bazari saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ga-naTlebis mqone pirebs da ramdenad akmayofileben kursdamTavrebulebi Sromis bazris moTxovnebs.

mocemuli miznidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT kvlevis amocanebi:

„xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ cnebis operacionalizeba, rac gulisxmobs, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gazomvadi cvladebis gamoyofas.

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iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli dakvirvebadi cvladebis gamoy-ofis Semdgom etapze, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebis mier iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba gamovlenili indikatorebis safuZvelze.

iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis mimarT Sromis bazris moTxovnebis gamov-lena. aseve, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan.

1.2. kvlevis meTodologia

kvlevis meTodologia ganisazRvreba kvlevis obieqtis bunebiTa da kvlevis miznebiT. Cven ukve visaubreT kvlevis miznebze. rac Seexeba kvlevis obieqts, iuridiuli ganaT-lebis xarisxs, erTi SexedviT, igi wminda SefasebiT kategorias ganekuTvneba da misi gazomva rTulia. Tumca, iqidan gamomdinare, rom ganaTleba aris produqti, romelsac umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi sTavazoben momxmarebels (studentebs), arsebobs misi, rogorc produqtis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi, iseve, ro-gorc arsebobs moTxovna xarisxian produqtze (ganaTlebaze). amdenad, saxezea kvlevis obieqti, romelic saWiroebs sistemur da kompleqsur midgomas. Sesabamisad, kvlevis meTodologiac kompleqsuria, radganac mxolod Tvisebrivi an raodenobrivi meTodis gamoyeneba ver mogvcemda relevantur Sedegs.

amdenad, kvlevis miznebisa da amocanebis misaRwevad gamoyenebul iqna, sociologiuri kvlevis rogorc raodenobrivi, aseve Tvisebrivi meTodebi. Tvisebrivi kvlevis meS-veobiT, ganxorcielda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli indikatorebis dadgena, saqarTveloSi iuridiul ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Zir-iTadi tendenciebis Seswavla da iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis mimarT Sromis bazarze arsebuli dominanturi moTxovnebisa da problemebis gamovle-na. Tvisebrivi kvlevis etapze gamovlenili tendenciebis validurobis Sesafaseblad Catarda raodenobrivi kvleva. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, raodenobrivi kvlevis meSve-obiT moxda samizne jgufis mier (iuridiuli ganaTlebis profilis bakalavrebi, mag-istrebi, doqtorantebi, universitetebis profesor-maswavleblebi da administraciis warmomadgenlebi) arsebuli realobis Sefaseba im indikatorebis safuZvelze, rom-lebic xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas gansazRvravs.

1.2.1. kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponenti

kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis dadgena; aseve, Sromis bazarze iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa kvalifikaciis moTxovnisa da miwodebis urTierTSes-abamisobis gansazRvra.

mkvlevarTa jgufis winaSe arsebul ZiriTad gamowvevas, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, war-moadgenda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi kriteriume-bis ararseboba. yovelTvis, rodesac saubari exeba xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas, gulisxmoben swavlebis sxvadasxva komponents.

imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis, rogorc pro-duqtis xarisxis determinantebis dadgena, mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ucxouri praqtikis Seswavla da analizi; e.w. “Desk Re-search”, rac gulisxmobs ukve arsebuli kvlevebis gaanalizebas da, mis safuZvelze, sakv-lev problemasTan dakavSirebiT dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas.

18

imdenad, ramdenadac saqarTveloSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvreba, Seswavla imisa, Tu ra indikatorebiTa da maCveneblebiT xdeba ganaTlebis xarisxis standartis dadgena ucxoeTSi, calsaxad mizanSewonili iyo.

ZiriTad samizne regionebs warmoadgenda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi da evropis qveynebi. mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso iyo rogorc is qveynebi, romelTac iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis mravalwliani tradicia aqvs, aseve is qveynebic, ro-melTac bolo periodSi SeZles ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba da sasurveli Sede-gis miRweva. aqedan gamomdinare, ucxouri praqtikis Seswavla ramdenime mimarTulebiT warimarTa. erTi mxriv, damuSavda anglosaqsuri, meore mxriv ki _ kontinenturi evro-pis modelebi. gaanalizda, Tu ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs umaRlesi iuridiuli ga-naTlebis sistemas TiToeul samarTlebriv kulturaSi, rogor xdeba bma iuridiuli ga-naTlebis kerebsa da samarTlebriv institutebs Soris, rogori standartebi arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad.

imavdroulad, saintereso iyo socialisturi banakis, aRmosavleT evropuli saxelmwi-foebis praqtikac, romelTac SeZles iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba da met-naklebi warmatebiT im gzis gavla, romelsac amJamad saqarTvelo gadis.

yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ucxouri praqtikis kvlevisas, dainteresebis qveynebis mixedviT, Seswavlil iqna:

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebis meqanizmebi;

iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Taviseburebebi;

iuristis profesiisadmi dayenebuli sakvalifikacio moTxovnebi;

universitetebSi arsebuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebi;

bma umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasa da Sromis bazars Soris;

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis standartebi;

calkeuli organizaciebis, kvleviTi institutebis mier momzadebuli dokumen-tebi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb;

iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba, misi etapebi, mimdinareoba;

iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefasebis xerxebi da kriteriumebi sazRvarga-reT.

garda ucxouri praqtikis Seswavlisa, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis farglebSi ganx-orcielda saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis meqanizme-bis, aseve, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Sida regulirebis aqtebis Ses-wavla.

am ori analizis Sedegad miRebuli maCveneblis Sedarebam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis dad-genas. kerZod, moxda pirveladi cvladebis determinacia, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo Tvisebrivi kvlevis Semdgom etapze, rac moicavda diskusiebs fokus jgufebTan.

diskusiebSi monawileobdnen:

1. ganaTlebis eqspertebi;

2. dargis (iuridiuli ganaTlebis) specialistebi. aq moiazreba rogorc akademiuri personali (universitetis profesorebi), aseve praqtikosi iuristebi.

19

aRniSnuli specialistebis monawileobiT, saboloo jamSi, Catarda 2 jgufuri disku-sia. TiToeuli fokus jgufis monawileTa raodenoba Seadgenda 8-10 adamians. ganaT-lebis eqspertebsa da dargis specialistebTan jgufuri diskusiebi Catarda TbilisSi.

jgufuri diskusiebi, Semadgenlobis mixedviT, Semdegnairad gadanawilda:

geografiuli erTeuli ganaTlebis eqspertebi da dargis specialistebi

diskusiebis raodenoba

Tbilisi 2 2

Sromis bazarze iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis moTxovnebisa da miwodebis gamosavlenad, Catarda jgufuri diskusiebi da siRrmiseuli interviuebi. fokus jgufebi dakompleqtda Semdegi subieqtebisgan:

• advokatebis (advokatTa asociaciis warmomadgenlebi, iusticiis saministros advokatebi, iuridiuli sakonsultacio firmebis advokatebi).

• arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi (isini, romlebic sxvebs sTava-zoben iuridiul momsaxurebas, aseve isinic, romlebsac sakuTari saWiroebisT-vis hyavT iuristi).

• saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic iyeneben iuristis momsaxurebas.

TiToeuli samizne jgufis monawileobiT, jgufuri diskusiebi Catarda TbilisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi. saboloo jamSi, Catarda 9 jgufuri diskusia. jgufuri diskusiebi, Semadgenlobisa da geografiuli erTeulebis mixedviT, Semdegnairad gadanawilda:

geografiuli erTeuli

advokatebi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, kerZo seqtorisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis

warmomadgenlebi


Tbilisi 1 1 2quTaisi 1 1 2baTumi 1 1 2


3 3 6

SerCevis dizaini (jgufuri diskusiebis monawileTa SerCeva): fokus jgufis monawileTa SerCeva moxda zemoT CamoTvlili kriteriumebis mixedviT. monawileTa rekrutireba ganaxorciela supervaizorma, romelmac fokus jgufis SesaZlo monawileTa sia gadasca socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikoss. kriteriumebis safuZvelze, analitikosma Seadgina ama Tu im fokus jgufis dakompleqtebis modeli da SearCia TiToeuli jgufuri diskusiisTvis relevanturi monawileebi.

fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi: kvlevis instruments warmoadgenda fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi. es ukanaskneli moicavs Ria an naxevrad Ria kiTxvebs im ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gamovlenac fokus jgufis meSveobiT igegmeba. rogorc wesi, fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi daaxloebiT 15- 20 kiTxvisgan Sedgeba. moderatori fokus jgufis gzamkvlevs iyenebs, rogorc maorientirebel saSualebas diskusiis procesSi, raTa ZiriTadi sakiTxebi mxedvelobidan ar gamorCes. diskusiis procesSi gamokveTili tendenciebidan gamomdinare, moderatori gzamkvlevis modificirebas axdens konteqstis mixedviT. fokus jgufis gzamkvlevebi SeimuSava socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikosma.

20

jgufuri diskusiebis gaZRola da Cawera: jgufur diskusiebs uZRveboda socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis moderatori. jgufuri diskusiebi Caiwera audio da video saSualebebis meSveobiT (diskusiis monawileebs winaswar ecnobaT, rom maTi saubari iwereba, analitikuri angariSis momzadebis mizniT). momzadda Cawerili masalis transkriptebi.

monacemTa analizi: fokus jgufis transkriptebis Sedegad miRebuli pirveladi monacemebis analizi ramdenime safexurad ganxorcielda.

Tavdapirvelad moxda teqstebis formaluri analizi. erTmaneTisgan gamoiyo analizis faqtobrivi da interpretaciuli erTeulebi.

Semdeg safexurze ganxorcielda teqstebis faqtobrivi elementebis struqturuli analizi, romelic teqstebis Sedegad gamovlenili faqtobrivi masalis sistematiza-ciasa da gadamowmebas gulisxmobs.

Semdgom etapze gaanalizda teqstebis interpretaciuli nawili da gamovlinda Sefase-bis dominanturi sqemebi.

analizis saboloo etapze, interpretaciuli da faqtobrivi erTeulebis sinTezis safuZvelze, ganxorcielda generalizebuli tipebis gamovlena.

CaRrmavebuli interviuebi

proeqtis farglebSi sul Catarda 10 CaRrmavebuli interviu, romelTa mizani, jgufu-ri diskusiebis msgavsad, iyo xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli krite-riumebis dadgena, aseve, Sromis bazarze iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvali-fikaciis moTxovnebisa da miwodebis Sesabamisobis gamovlena.

CaRrmavebuli interviuebi dakompleqtda Semdegi subieqtebisgan:

1. sasamarTlos warmomadgenlebi

2. prokuraturis warmomadgenlebi

3. kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi

CaRrmavebuli interviu ganxorcielda jgufuri diskusiebis Sedegebis gamdidrebis mizniT.

interviuebi Catarda jgufuri diskusiebis paralelurad.

intervius xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 40 wT.

interviuebis Cawera ganxorcielda audio formatSi. moxda misi damuSaveba da analizis Tvisebriv nawilSi CarTva.

geografiuli erTeuli

sasamarTlos warmomadgenlebi/

mosamarTleebi

prokuraturis warmomadgenlebi

kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi


Tbilisi 3 4 1 8baTumi

(sakonstitucio sasamarTlo)

2 2


5 4 10

21

1.2.2. kvlevis raodenobrivi komponenti

saqarTvelos umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis proeqtSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs raodenobriv komponents. raodenobrivi kvlevis meSveobiT gamovlinda, Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofen saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis micemas bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebisTvis.

SerCeva:

SerCevis tips warmoadgenda saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis iuridiuli fakultetis bakalavriatis, magistraturis da doqtoranturis studentebis, aseve, profesor-maswavleblebisa da administraciis warmomadgenlebis mravalsafexuriani stratificirebuli SemTxveviTi SerCeva. SerCevis dizainSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo re-gionuli, swavlebis safexurisa da bakalavriatis studentebis kursebis mimarTuleba.

kvlevis instrumenti: kiTxvari

kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu

studentebisaTvis: daaxloebiT 1000 dasrulebuli interviu (SerCevis aseTi moculoba gamowveulia ZiriTadi samizne jgufis qvejgufebisTvis reprezentatuli monacemebis miRebis saWiroebiT).

profesor-maswavleblebisa da fakultetis administraciis warmomadgenlebisTvis: daaxloebiT 350 dasrulebuli interviu.

mTlianobaSi SerCevis moculobam Seadgina daaxloebiT 1350 interviu.

SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (Primary Sampling Unit) warmoadgens umaRlesi saswavlebeli. umaRlesi saswavleblebis SerCeva moxda miznobrivad. sul SeirCa 15 umaRlesi saswavlebeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. es universitetebia: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, qarTul-amerikuli universiteti (GAU), grigol robaqiZis universiteti, sulxan-sabas saswavlo universiteti, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, Tbilisis damoukidebeli universiteti „gorgasali“, soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti, saqarTvelos universiteti, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti, quTaisis akaki wereTlis universiteti, Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universiteti, Tavisufali universiteti, kavkasiis universiteti.

SerCevis meorad erTeuls (Secondary Sampling Unit) warmoadgens iuridiuli fakulteti.

SerCevis saboloo erTeuls (Final Sampling Unit) warmoadgens: a) studenti; b) profesor-mas-wavlebeli/fakultetis administraciis (dekanatis) maRali rangis warmomadgeneli.

studentebis SerCeva ganxorcielda sistemuri SemTxveviTi SerCevis saSualebiT. stu-dentebs Soris SerCevis intervali ganisazRvra studentTa saerTo raodenobis stu-dentTa SesarCev raodenobaze gayofiT (magaliTad, Tu studentTa saerTo raodenoba fakultetze aris orasi, xolo gamosakiTxia 20 studenti, intervali iqneba yoveli me-aTe). Seiqmna damatebiTi sia. mocemuli SerCevis moculobisTvis cdomilebis mniSvne-loba ar aWarbebs 3.1%-s 99%-iani saimedoobisTvis.

22

interviuerebisa da supervaizorebis treningi

kiTxvaris saboloo versiis SemuSavebisa da SerCevis wertilebis gansazRvris Semdeg, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikosma supervaizorebsa da in-terviuerebs gaacno kiTxvari da SerCevis tipi. TiToeuli regionis supervaizorma in-terviuerebi adgilobriv doneze daatreninga.

savele samuSaoebis kontroli

kvlevis raodenobrivi komponentis mimdinareobisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeT-mo savele samuSaoebis kontrols. aRniSnuli kontroli gaiara Catarebuli interviue-bis 10%-ma procentma, ra drosac moxda saerTo bazidan SerCeuli kiTxvarebis SemTx-veviTi wesiT arCeva, imgvarad, rom yvela interviueris namuSevari yofiliyo dafaruli.

monacemTa Setana da analizi

savele samuSaoebis mimdinareobis procesSi socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institu-tis statistikosma Seqmna monacemTa bade, monacemTa analizis programis SPSS-is gamoy-enebiT. savele samuSaoebis paralelurad, monacemTa badeSi Setanis procedura daiwyo interviuebis 30%-is Catarebis Semdgom. winaswar moxda kiTxvarSi arsebuli TiToeuli Ria kiTxvis e.w. „kodireba“.

monacemTa analizi:

monacemTa analizis Tavdapirvel etapze, statistikosis mier moxda monacemTa gawmen-da. Semdgom safexurze monacemebi statistikurad damuSavda.

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi gaanalizda Semdegi meTodebis gamoyenebiT: erT-ganzomilebiani sixSiruli ganawilebis, krostabulaciebis, korelaciis, regresiis, faqtoruli da klasteruli analizis meTodebis meSveobiT.

1.2.3. kvlevis demografiuli profili

kvlevisTvis SeirCa oTxi samizne jgufi _ bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqto-ranturis studentebi, romlebic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva universitetSi samarTlis/iuridiul specialobaze swavloben, aseve, is profesor-maswavleblebi, romlebic Sesa-bamis fakultetebze aswavlian.

gamokiTxul studentTagan umravlesoba mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelia. gamon-aklisia doqtoranturis studentebi, sadac sqesTa Tanafardoba Tanabaria. bakalavri-atis studentebis absoluturi umravlesobis asaki 19-dan 22 wlamde meryeobs, magis-trantebis _ 22-dan 24 wlamde, xolo doqtorantebis _ 25-dan 30 wlamde.

bakalavriatis studentTa mesamedi meore kurszea, mesamedi _ mesameze, TiTqmis mesame-di _ meoTxeze. maTgan naxevarze metma sakuTari akademiuri moswreba Seafasa, rogorc kargi. maTgan 37.5%-is specializacia samarTalmcodneobaa, daaxloebiT amdenives spe-cialoba ar aurCevia.

gamokiTxuli magistraturis studentebis umravlesoba pirvel kurszea. maTi 45.9% sa-kuTar akademiur moswrebas afasebs, rogorc kargs, 32.9% _ rogorc Zalian kargs. maTi meoTxedis specialoba kerZo samarTalia, 24%-is _ sisxlis samarTali, xolo 15.1%-is _ samoqalaqo samarTali.

23

doqtorantebis 40.4% meore kurszea, 38.5% _ mesameze, 19.2% _ pirvelze, xolo 1.9% _ meoTxeze. umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maTi akademiuri moswreba Zalian kargia (friadi). mesamedze metis specialoba kerZo samarTalia, 15.4%-is _ sisxlis samarTali, 11.5%-is _ eqspertiza da amdenivesi _ samarTalmcodneoba (ix. cxrili #1).

cxrili #1

demografiuli profili bakalavriatis studentebi

magistrantebi doqtorantebi

sqesi mdedrobiTi 62,0% 61,6% 50,0%

mamrobiTi 38,0% 38,4% 50,0%

asaki 20 wlamde 43,1% - 1,9%

20-22 wlis 50,9% 24,7% 1,9%

23-25 wlis 5,1% 65,1% 15,4%

25-30 wlis 0,9% 9,6% 57,7%

30-ze meti 0,1% 0,7% 23,1%

ZiriTadi akademiuri moswreba

friadi/Zalian kargi 21,3% 32,9% 64,7%

kargi 51,4% 45,9% 27,5%

saSualo 22,6% 19,2% 5,9%

damakmayofilebeli 3,3% 2,1% 2,0%

uari pasuxze 1,4% - -

specializacia kerZo samarTali 5,6% 25,3% 34,6%

sajaro samarTali 0,7% 6,2% 5,8%

sisxlis samarTali 8,0% 24,0% 15,4%

samarTalmcodneoba 37,5% 12,3% 11,5%

saerTaSoriso samarTali

2,8% 3,4% 1,9%

sakonstitucio samarTali

0,1% - 1,9%

samoqalaqo samarTali 5,1% 15,1% 7,7%

saerTo advokati 0,1% - 1,9%biznes-inJineria (samarTali)

0,4% 2,1% -

iuristi 0,1% - -samarTlis istoria/Teoria

- - 1,9%

eqspertiza 0,4% 7,5% 11,5%valdebulebiTi samarTali

0,2% 1,4% 3,8%

sabanko sadazRvevo samarTali

- 0,7% -

jer ar amirCevia 38,9% 2,1% 1,9%

24

rac Seexeba profesor-maswavleblebs, maTi demografiuli profili ase gamoiyureba: 53.3% mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelia, 37.2%-is asaki meryeobs 31-40 wlebs Soris, 20.5%-is _ 23-30-s Soris, 20.5%-is _ 40-50-s Soris, 15.5%-is _ 50-60-s Soris, xolo maTi raodenoba, visi asakic 60 wels zeviTaa _ 6.3%-ia. profesor-maswavleblebis 26.3%-is akademiuri statusi asocirebuli profesoria, 21.6%-isa _ asistent-profesori, 18.8%-isa _ sruli profesori. maTi umravlesoba bakalavriatis safexurze aswavlis. universitetSi swavlebis garda, TiTqmis 40% muSaobda praqtikos iuristad, Tumca, amJamad aRar muSaobs. daaxloebiT amdenive axlac praqtikosi iuristia, mexuTedze mets ki _ arasdros umuSavia praqtikos iuristad. maTTvis, vinc praqtikos iuristad muSaobda/muSaobs, moRvaweobis dargi iyo samoqalaqo samarTali (23.4%), adamianis uflebebi (20.7%), sajaro samarTali (16.6%) da kerZo samarTali (16.3%) (ix. cxrili #2).

cxrili #2

demografiuli profili profesor-maswavleblebi

sqesi mdedrobiTi 46,7%

mamrobiTi 53,3%

asaki 23-30 wlis 20,5%

31-40 wlis 37,2%

41-50 wlis 20,5%

51-60 wlis 15,5%

60-ze meti wlis 6,3%

akademiuri statusi sruli profesori 18,8%

asocirebuli profesori 26,3%

asistent-profesori 21,6%

mowveuli profesori 16,9%

ar maqvs 16,3%

pedagogad muSaobis staJi 1 wlamde 5,6%

1-5 weli 28,8%

6-10 weli 21,3%

11-15 weli 13,5%

16-20 weli 11,0%

21-25 weli 9,7%

26 da meti weli 10,0%

samecniero da akademiuri statusi

akademiuri doqtori 35,2%

mecnierebaTa doqtori 20,0%

akademiuri/samecniero xarisxis armqone 44,8%

muSaobT/muSaobdiT Tu ara praqtikos iuristad?

vmuSaob 38,2%

vmuSaobdi, Tumca, amJamad ar vmuSaob 39,5%

arasodes mimuSavia praqtikos iuristad 22,3%

25

samarTlis romel dargSi moRvaweobT?

samoqalaqo samarTali 23,4%

sajaro samarTali 16,6%

adamianis uflebebi 20,7%

administraciuli/konstituciuri samarTali 2,0%

kerZo samarTali 16,3%

sisxlis samarTali 5,4%

Sromis samarTali 1,4%

sagadasaxado samarTali 5,8%

konkurenciuli samarTali 2,0%

konstituciuri samarTali 1,4%

kriminologia 1,0%

saerTaSoriso samarTali 0,7%

samarTlis Teoria 2,7%

sabanko samarTali 0,7%

2. ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilva

2.1. mimoxilvis Sesaxeb

rogorc es winamdebare TavSi aRiniSna, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes komponents warmoadgenda ucxouri ganaTlebis sistemis mi-moxilva. samwuxarod, adamianuri resursis simcirisa da droSi SezRudulobis gamo, ver moxerxda ucxoeTis iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis srulfasovani damoukidebeli kvleva. nacvlad amisa, ganxorcielda mocemuli mimarTulebiT arsebuli kvlevebis ana-lizi. Sesabamisad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Caatara e.w. „Desk Research“.

aRniSnuli mimoxilvis mizani iyo iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ga-zomvadi cvladebis determinaciis procesisTvis xelis Sewyoba. Sesabamisad, muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben ucxoeTis qveynebSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs. mimoxilvis mizani ar yofila imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli qveynis modelia saqarTvelosTvis idealuri.

dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla 11 qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema. qveynebis SerCevisas yuradReba gamaxvilda ramdenime ZiriTad faqtorze: geografiuli mdebareoba, samarTlebrivi kultura, umaRlesi iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis unikaluroba. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeirCa qveynebi: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, kanada, inglisi, germania, safrangeTi, nider-landebi, belgia, Sveicaria, litva, CexeTi da poloneTi.

aRniSnuliT, mkvlevarTa jgufi Seecada, met-naklebad daefara rogorc amerikis, ise dasavleT, aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis regionebi, imavdroulad, moecva an-glo-saqsuri da kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebi, aqcenti gaekeTebina aseve post-ko-munistur qveynebze, sadac, rogorc politikuri, ise samarTlebrivi sistema tranziciis stadiaSia. erTi mxriv, ganixiles im qveynebis praqtika, romlebic miuerTdnen boloniis process, meore mxriv ki _ is qveynebi, romelTac gadawyvites, sakuTari umaRlesi iu-ridiuli ganaTebis sistema mocemuli procesis miRma ganeviTarebinaT.

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bunebrivia, Sesaswavli saxelmwifoebidan yvela ver iqneba ganxiluli, rogorc uma-Rlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis warmatebuli sistemis modelis magaliTi, Tumca, mkvle-varTaTvis saintereso iyo is garemoebebic, romlebic xels uSlida calkeul qveynebs ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi.

amdenad, xarisxis msazRvrelebis, iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis warmatebis sazome-bis dadgenisa da qarTul realobasTan maTi misadagebis safuZvelze, SesaZlebeli gax-da, Sedgeniliyo diskusiis gzamkvlevi, romelmac mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa iuridi-uli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli cvladebis determinaciaSi.

bunebrivia, mkvlevarTa jgufs gacnobierebuli hqonda is garemoeba, rom, SesaZloa, realuri viTareba romelime qveyanasTan mimarTebiT radikalurad gansxvavebuli yo-filiyo imisgan, rac calkeul kvlevebsa da dokumentebSi iyo mocemuli. amdenad, aqcen-ti gakeTda xarisxis im kriteriumebze, romlebic nebismier SemTxvevaSi validuria da gansazRvravs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogoria viTareba mocemul qveyanaSi.

2.2. iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi

rodesac saubaria ucxouri umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizis safuZ-velze iuridiuli ganaTlebis msazRvrelebis gamovlenaze, aucileblad unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi is garemoeba, rom ar arsebobs xarisxiani ganaTlebis raime universalu-ri modeli, romelic saerTo iqneba yvela tipis qveynisa an yvela universitetisTvis. uSualod analizis procesSi mkvlevarTa jgufs uwevda Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli ga-naTlebis modelebis Seswavla, sadac yvela modeli gamoirCeoda rogorc nakliT, ise _ upiratesobiT.

magaliTad, SegviZlia erTmaneTs SevadaroT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da belgi-is umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebi, romlebic erTmaneTisgan radikalurad gansxvavdeba. Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom an erTi an meore umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleb-is sistema sustia da ver axerxebs xarisxiani ganaTlebis micemas.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas germaniisa da Sveicariis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis siste-mebis Sedarebisas. germaniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema gacilebiT kon-servatiulia, vidre Sveicariis. gansxvavebulia sauniversiteto ganaTlebaSi saxelmwi-fos Carevis xarisxic, Tumca, orive sistemas aqvs rogorc Rirseba, ise nakli. calsaxad imis Tqma, rom erTi sistema sjobs meores, ar aris mizanSewonili.

Sesabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, mkvlevar-Ta jgufi ecada, ganezogadebina cvladebi, romlebic upirobod gansazRvraven umaRl-esi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis xarisxs. aseT cvladebad ki warmodgenil iqna:

• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi;

• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis meqanizmebi, komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris;

• umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba, rac, Tavis mxriv, moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa arCeviTi sagnebis simravle, interdisciplinuroba, akademiuri personali da sagnebis Sesabamisoba qveyanaSi arsebul tendenciebTan.

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2.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi

rogorc ucxouri praqtikis analizisas gamoCnda, Cven mier CamoTvlili qveynebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeb-lo regulirebas. marTalia, zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad germaniaSi, umaRlesi iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi saxelmwifo gacilebiT maRali xarisxiT23 ereva, vidre sxva qveynebSi, magram kvlevisTvis mniSvnelovania ara uSualod saxelmwifos Carevis xarisxi, aramed Tavad instituciurad da normatiulad gamarTuli maregulirebeli me-qanizmis arseboba. aRniSnuli naTlad gamoCnda ara mxolod germaniis, aramed CexeTis, belgiis, Sveicariis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis da sxva qveynebis umaRlesi iuridi-uli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilvis procesSi.

SveicariaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxze monitoringis meqanizmebi gawerilia da dac-ulia qveynis federaluri konstituciiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, rogorc konfederacia, ise kantonebi, TavianTi uflebamosilebis farglebSi axorcieleben zedamxedvelobas swavlis xarisxze.24

holandia iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac Camoayaliba swavlebisa da kvlevis ganmsazRvreli instituciuri meqanizmi. 1980-iani wlebidan ganviTarda sistema, rom-lis mixedviTac, saswavlo dawesebulebebs mieniWaT farTo avtonomia im pirobiT, rom moxdeboda saxelmwifos informireba maT mier studentTaTvis micemuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb. es politika pirvelad dainerga 1983 wels kvleviT programebTan da-kavSirebiT, rogorc pirobiTi dafinansebis politika.25 mocemul sistemaSi ganaTlebis xarisxis monitoringis procesSi wamyvani roli eniWeba uSualod umaRles saganmanaT-leblo dawesebulebas.

amerikis SeerTebul Statebi, erTi mxriv, cdilobs, distancireba moaxdinos iuridi-uli ganaTlebis sistemisgan, naklebi CareviT uzrunvelyos misi maqsimaluri Tavisu-fleba, meore mxriv ki, cdilobs daamkvidros ganaTlebis e.w. monocentristuli stan-darti. sainteresoa, rom am miznis misaRwevad, saxelmwifo axorcielebs maregulirebe-li funqciebis delegirebas amerikel iuristTa asociaciaze (ABA),26 romelic daarsebis momentidan, anu 1878 wlidan, muSaobs qveyanaSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gaum-jobesebaze.

rac Seexeba germanias, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, iq umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sis-temis regulirebaSi saxelmwifo maRali xarisxiT ereva. praqtikulad yvela detali gansazRvrulia saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT. ramdenadac ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba sasamarTloze,27 imdenad germanuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema SegviZlia moviaz-roT, rogorc, zogadad, marTlmsajulebis politikis nawili.28 aseT viTarebaSi umaR-lesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis samarTlis fakultetebs Zalian cota ramis gad-awyveta SeuZliaT damoukideblad, Tumca, 2002 wels gatarebuli reformis Sedegad maTi diskrecia garkveulwilad gaizarda.

yvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, saxeze gvaqvs ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebis gansxvavebuli normebi, Tumca, imavdroulad, saqme gvaqvs ganaTlebis regulirebis kar-

23 Harvard Law School, P. o. (2011). The German Legal Profession. President and Fellows of Harvard College.24 https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Suisse:Assurance_qualit%C3%A925 http://www.utwente.nl/mb/cheps/research/higher_education_monitor/2007countryreportnl.pdf26 ABA. (2012). ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools 2012-2013. (გვ. 1-169). ABA Section of Legal Education and Bar Admission.27 გერმანული უმაღლესი საგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულებები სტუდენტს ამზადებენ მოსამართლის პროფესიული სტანდარტის შესაბამისად. 28 Hariolf Wenzler, K. K. (2012). Educating the Global Lawyer: The German Experience. Journal of Legal Education, 462-467.

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gad Camoyalibebul, instituciurad gamarTul meqanizmebTan, rac pozitiurad aisaxeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze. rac Seexeba uSualod regulirebis formas, saxelmwifos Carevis dozasa da, uSualod, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis diskrecias, mkvlevarTa azriT, igi TiToeul SemTxvevaSi individualurad unda Sefas-des. ucxouri praqtikis pirdapiri implementacia qarTul realobaSi ar iqneba mizanSe-wonili, Tumca, rogoric ar unda iyos erovnuli iuridiuli ganaTebis regulirebis me-qanizmi, mas udidesi gavlena eqneba qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa rekomendaciiT, miznobriv jgufebTan diskus-iisas erT-erT sakiTxs swored umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo reg-ulirebis gzebi warmoadgenda.

2.2.2. komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris

gamomdinare iqidan, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze mniSvnelovani gav-lena aqvs regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebs, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso aR-moCnda imis Seswavla, Tu rogor xdeba aRniSnuli meqanizmebis SemuSaveba. kerZod, ro-goria am procesSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisa da saxelmwifos roli. rogoria komunikacia umaRles saganmanaTleblo institutsa da saxelmwifos Soris? ramdenad arian dainteresebuli mxareebi CarTulni regulaciebisa da standartebis SemuSavebaSi?

ucxouri praqtikis analizma cxadyo, rom rac ufro metad arian CarTulni dainter-esebuli mxareebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis procesSi, miT ufro efeqturia standartebisa da regulirebis meqanizmebi.

aRniSnulis brwyinvale magaliTs warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, sadac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saxelmwifo maregulirebeli funqciebis delegirebas axo-rcielebs amerikel iuristTa asociaciaze. amerikis saxelmwifo departamentis mier gamocemuli Jurnalis, „demokratiis sakiTxebis“ Tanaxmad, amerikel iuristTa asoci-acia msoflioSi umsxvilesi nebayoflobiTi profesiuli gaerTianebaa, romelic 2002 wlisTvis 400 000-mde wevrs aerTianebda, maT Soris _ 350 000 advokats. aRniSnuli or-ganizaciis danarCen wevrebs warmoadgendnen mosamarTleebi, sasamarTlos iuriste-bi, prokurorebi, sajaro moxeleebi da sxva iuridiuli profesiis pirebi. dRevandeli monacemebiT, amerikel iuristTa asociacia aerTianebs amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi moRvawe iuristTa 50%-s.

1952 wlidan amerikel iuristTa asociaciis samarTlebrivi ganaTlebisa da iuristis profesiaSi Sesvlis ganyofilebasTan (seqciasTan) arsebuli sabWo oficialurad iqna cnobili amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganaTlebis departamentis mier, rogorc samar-Tlis doqtoris (J. D.) saswavlo programebis akreditaciaze uflebamosili organo.29

amgvari instituciuri regulirebis umTavresi dadebiTi mxare imaSi mdgomareobs, rom organizacia, romelic warmoadgens qveynis masStabiT nebismier sferoSi moRvawe iuristebis profesiuli interesebis umTavres damcvels da, imavdroulad, aerTianebs aRniSnul iuristTa TiTqmis naxevars, Tavad gansazRvravs im profesiul standartebs, romelTa dacvac maTTvisve iqneba savaldebulo. amdenad, saxeze gvaqvs ara saxelmwifos mier Tavs moxveuli regulaciebi, romelTa Sesrulebac SesaZloa raime formiT azara-lebdes iuridiul profesias, aramed iuristebis mier SemuSavebuli standartebis pa-

29 ABA. (2012). ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools 2012-2013. (გვ. 1-169). ABA Section of Legal Education and Bar Admission.

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keti, romelic iuridiuli ganaTlebis maRali xarisxis, aseve, profesiuli eTikisa da qcevis normebs aregulirebs. regulaciebis miRebaSi ki, faqtobrivad, yvela iuridi-uli profesiis warmomadgenelia Cabmuli.

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis Tval-sazrisiT, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso aRmoCnda kanaduri praqtika, sadac faqtobrivad ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis centralizebuli meqanizmi.

vinaidan kanadaSi ar arsebobs ganaTlebis federaluri ministri, umaRlesi ganaTleba miekuTvneba provinciebis uflebamosilebas da, amasTan, universitetebi farTo avtonomiiT sargebloben, kanadaSi yvela provinciaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva sistema moqmedebs. TvalsaCinoebisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT ontarioSi arsebuli praqtika.

universitetebis umravlesobas sakuTari kanonebi aqvs. TiToeuli dawesebuleba damoukideblad arsebobs da gansazRvravs swavlebisa da miRebis politikas, adgens programebs, niSnavs akademiur personals da sxva. kanonis arc erTi debuleba ar iTvaliswinebs angariSvaldebulebis procedurebsa Tu saswavlo programebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebs.

ontarios sajaro universitetebSi programebis xarisxze pasuxismgebelia ontarios universitetebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sabWo, romelsac SemuSavebuli aqvs xarisxis uzrunvelyofis CarCo. CarCo iTvaliswinebs yvela safexuris programebis Semowmebas yovel rva weliwadSi erTxel.

sabWo programis Semowmebis dros mxedvelobaSi iRebs: Seesabameba Tu ara programa universitetis misiasa da akademiur gegmebs; programis moTxovnebi da swavlis Sede-gad miRebuli codna aris Tu ara naTeli da xarisxis Sesabamisi; kurikulumi asaxavs Tu ara disciplinas im saxiT, ganviTarebis ra etapzec aris Semowmebis dros; programis Sinaarsis gansazRvris dros gamoiyeneba Tu ara inovaciuri da kreatiuli midgomebi; studentTa Sefaseba da swavlis xarisxis molodini aris Tu ara Sesabamisi da efeqturi. aseve, mxedvelobaSi miiReba: gamoyenebuli fizikuri da finansuri resursebis Sesabam-isoba da efeqturoba; klasis sidide, mudmivi da aramudmivi profesorebis mier Catare-buli leqciebis raodenoba; warmatebul studentTa da diplomTa raodenoba; xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad miRebuli iniciativebi da sxva.30

rodesac vsaubrobT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulirebis meqanizmebis SemuSavebaSi dainteresebul mxareTa CarTulobaze, yuradRebas ipyrobs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis franguli sistema.

2007 wels Seiqmna kvlevisa da umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sefasebis saagento. igi aris damoukidebeli administraciuli organo. saagentos xelmZRvanelobs sabWo, romelic 25 wevrisgan Sedgeba. misi wevrebi arian mecnierebi, mkvlevarebi da parlamentis ori wevri. saagento afasebs kvleviT da umaRles dawesebulebebs, aRniSnul dawesebulebebSi arsebul kvleviT centrebs, umaRlesi saswavleblebis saswavlo programebs da diplomebs.

saagentos SemuSavebuli aqvs Sefasebis qartia. igi gansazRvravs fundamentur principebs, romlebic umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxian Sefasebas uzrunvelyofs. kerZod, Sefaseba xorcieldeba miukerZoeblad da obieqturad, rasac ganapirobebs saagentosa da SemfasebelTa damoukidebloba, eqspertTa kompetenturoba. Sefaseba xorcieldeba Sesafasebeli dawesebulebis mimarT pativiscemiT da masTan dialogiT, Sesafasebeli obieqtis specifikur mxareebze morgebuli meTodikiT.

30 http://www.cicic.ca/525/Pratiques.canada; http://oucqa.ca/framework/4-3-evaluation-criteria-3/

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saagento ar aris akreditaciis gamcemi organo, vinaidan safrangeTSi akreditacias gas-cems saxelmwifo, Tumca _ swored saagentos mier gacemuli daskvnis safuZvelze. aR-niSnulidan gamomdinare, aRar arsebobs Sefasebis dros pirdapiri kavSiri saxelmwifo-sa da Sesafasebel dawesebulebas Soris. gare organo, saagento, romelic aris damou-kidebeli da avtonomiuri, gascems obieqtur daskvnas, romelsac eyrdnoba saxelmwifo.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebis gansazRvraSi, ara mxolod samarTlis mimarTulebiT, aramed _ zogadad, monawileoben akademiuri sazogadoebis warmomadgen-lebi, rac, bunebrivia, xels uwyobs aRniSnuli institutis efeqturobas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom poloneTis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema araerT aspeqtSi imsaxurebs kritikas,31 sainteresoa ganaTlebis standartis SemuSavebis meqa-nizmi. marTalia, polonuri samarTlis skolebi sargebloben avtonomiis maRali xarisx-iT, standartebs adgens poloneTis ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministri. iuridiuli fakultetis dekanTa yovelwliuri kongresi ministrs ugzavnis SeTavazebaTa pakets umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebTan dakavSirebiT.

aRniSnuli instituciuri mowyoba sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, rom aCens erTgvar bmas umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasa da saxelmwifos Soris. calke sakiTxia, ramdenad sworad funqcionirebs is realur praqtikaSi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mkv-levarebs SezRuduli hqondaT werilobiT wyaroebSi moyvanili informaciis praqtiku-li gadamowmebis SesaZlebloba.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xazgasmulia iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebi-sTvis maregulirebeli normebisa da standartebis SemuSavebis efeqturi meqanizmebis mniSvneloba. Sesabamisad, mocemuli sakiTxic Sevida miznobriv jgufebTan dagegmili diskusiis sakiTxTa nusxaSi.

2.2.3. iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizisas, gamoikveTa kidev erTi faqto-ri, romelic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs ama Tu im qveyanaSi. saubari gvaqvs iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqnilobaze, romelic moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa: arCeviTi sagnebis simravle da interdiscipli-nuroba, sagnebis Sesabamisoba arsebul realobasTan (sagnebis aqtualoba).

aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli komponentebi gansxvavebuli iyo im qveynebSic ki, romlebic ganaTlebis erTiani sistemis nawils warmoadgenen. saubaria boloniis procesis monaw-ile saxelmwifoebze. sainteresoa im saxelmwifoTa praqtikac, romlebic, miuxedavad imisa, rom mierTebulni arian boloniis process, uars acxadeben umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis am procesSi integrirebaze. Seswavlili masala iZleva imis Tqmis safuZvels, rom qveynebi, romlebic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben umaRles iu-ridiul ganaTlebas, aqcents akeTeben swavlebisa da Tanamedrove tendenciebis imple-mentaciaze, aseve, qveynis winaSe mdgomi aucileblobebis Sesabamisobaze arsebul sagan-manaTleblo sistemasTan.

ganaTlebis sistemis moqnilobis erT-erT mTavar sazoms arCeviTi sagnebis simravle da interdisciplinuroba warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi, naklebad mniSvnelovania, Tu ram-denad ereva saxelmwifo umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebaSi, an

31 მოცემულ ქვეყანაში პრაქტიკულად უცვლელი სახითაა შენარჩუნებული საბჭოთა განათლების 5 წლიანი სისტემა. უნივერსიტეტებში სახეზეა საკადრო პრობლემები, ძალზე სათუოა დაუსწრებელი სასწავლო პროგრამების ეფექტურობა და ა.შ.

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ramdenad mkacria kanonmdebloba. TvalsaCinoebisTvis, SegviZlia ganvixiloT ori ab-soluturad gansxvavebuli sistema _ franguli da germanuli. aqedan, pirveli gaxlavT boloniis procesis monawile, meorem ki, uari ganacxada sakuTari umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis boloniis procesSi CarTvaze.

safrangeTisa da germaniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebi erTmaneTis ms-gavsi iyo32 boloniis procesSi safrangeTis CarTvamde. kerZod, franguli universi-tetebi valdebulni iyvnen, daecvaT saxelmwifos mier dadgenili CarCoebi sauniversi-teto programebTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, samarTlis lisens unda hqonoda erTi da igive maxasiaTeblebi, imisda miuxedavad, romeli universiteti sTavazobda programas.

universitetis Tavisuflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb 2007 wlis kanonma aRiara universitetebis avtonomia. universitetebs gaaCniaT didi Tavisufleba, gansazRvron saswavlo programebi, maTi Sinaarsi, miiRon filialebis Seqmnisa da daxurvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba.33

ufro meti TvalsaCinoebisTvis, SegviZlia moviyvanoT panTeon asas34 universitetis saswavlo programa, sadac swavlebis pirvel safexurze, savaldebulo sagnebTan erTad, damatebiT Seiswavleba iseTi sagnebi, rogoricaa: samarTlis istoria, sasamarTlo in-stanciebi, Tanamedrove ekonomikuri problemebi,35 saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, poli-tikuri mecnierebebi, instituciebisa da samarTlis istoria, Tanamedrove politikis istoria, sanivTo samarTlis istoria, media samarTlis Sesavali, samewarmeo samarTa-li, antikuri xanis socialuri da politikuri instituciebis istoria, valdebulebi-Ti samarTlis istoria, saxelmwifo finansebi, evropuli samarTlis zogadi principebi, sawarmos marTva da buRalteria, komunikaciis samarTlis Sesavali, Sromis samarTali, saojaxo samarTlis istoria, samewarmeo samarTlis istoria, administraciuli davebi, administraciuli samarTlis istoria, samarTlis filosofia, germanuli iuridiuli sistema da sanivTo samarTali da a.S.

arCeviTi sagnebis es arasruli CamonaTvali, garkveulwilad, xazs usvams franguli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis miswrafebas, misces students farTo codna rogorc uSualod iuridiuli mecnierebis, ise momijnave disciplinebis Sesaxeb, raTa moxdes miRebuli samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis srulyofa, rac, bunebrivia, pozitiurad aisaxeba studentis profesionalad Camoyalibebaze.

rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis germanul sistemas, miuxedavad konserva-tiulobis, saxelmwifos Carevis maRali xarisxis da regulirebis simkacrisa, isic ori-entirebulia, students misces mravalmxrivi ganaTleba, raTa igi srulfasovan profe-sionalad Camoyalibdes.

rogorc aRvniSneT, germaniaSi iuridiuli ganaTleba ganixileba, rogorc marTlmsaju-lebis nawili. Sesabamisad, mas aregulirebs federaluri aqti marTlmsajulebis Sesax-eb.36

aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo normis me-5 „a“ seqciis me-2 nawili iZleva samarTlis im sferoebis CamonaTvals, romelTa Seswavlac savaldebuloa swavlebis pirveli safex-

32 იგულისხმება ის ფაქტი, რომ უმაღლესი საგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულებები, როგორც ერთ, ისე მეორე ქვეყანაში ვალდებულნი იყვნენ, დაეცვათ სახელმწიფოს დადგენილი ჩარჩოები და სტუდენტთათვის შეეთავაზებინათ ერთგვაროვანი სასწავლო პროგრამები.33 http://www.cimea.it/files/fileusers/accreditamento_francia_fr.pdf 34 Université Panthéon Assas Paris II35 http://www.u-paris2.fr/2110L/0/fiche___ueup/36 The German Judiciary Act. (2012). Saarbrücken, Germany: Federal Ministry of Justice, juris GmbH.

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uris ganmavlobaSi. esenia: samoqalaqo samarTali, sisxlis samarTali, sajaro samarTa-li da saproceso (proceduruli) samarTali; aseve, samarTlis aRniSnuli dargebis bma evropul samarTalTan; agreTve, samarTlis mecnierebis meTodologia, filosofiuri, istoriuli da socialuri safuZvlebi. rac Seexeba arCeviT sagnebs, kanoni maT calsaxad ar gansazRvravs, Tumca, ambobs, rom specializaciis areebi unda emsaxurebodes saval-debulo disciplinebSi codnis gaRrmavebas da mis aRqmas interdisciplinur da saer-TaSoriso aspeqtebSi. amdenad, kanoni ar iZleva arCeviTi sagnebis CamonaTvals, magram, faqtobrivad, gansazRvravs sferos, Tu saidan unda iyos mocemuli sagnebi SeTavaze-buli. miuxedavad aseTi regulirebisa, umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs rCe-baT garkveuli diskrecia da am diskreciis gamoyenebis saukeTeso magaliTs warmoad-gens germaniaSi arsebuli erTaderTi kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, buceriusis universiteti.

mkvlevarTa jgufisTvis saintereso iyo aRniSnuli saswavlo dawesebulebis mier SemuSavebuli saswavlo modeli, romelic Tamamad SegviZlia moviazroT, rogorc ger-maniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis momavali. aRniSnul modelze sau-brobs „iuridiuli ganaTlebis Jurnalis“ („Journal of Legal Education“) 61-e gamocemis me-3 nomerSi dabeWdili statia „globaluri iuristis ganaTleba, germanuli gamocdileba“.

aRniSnuli universiteti ZiriTadad fokusirebas axdens ara mxolod mravalmxrivi samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis micemaze, aramed cdilobs, students ganuviTaros saer-TaSoriso samarTlebrivi, politikuri da ekonomikuri konteqstis kompleqsuri da siRrmiseuli aRqma.

buceriusis universiteti did mniSvnelobas aniWebs saerTaSoriso, gansakuTrebiT, ev-ropul (evrokavSiris) da anglo-amerikul biznes samarTals. swavlebis yvelaze mniS-vnelovani etapebi, gansakuTrebiT saswavlo procesis dasawyissa da boloSi, mimdinare-obs mcire jgufebSi, sadac studentebs aqvT saleqcio procesSi maqsimaluri CarTvis yvela saSualeba. Sesabamisad, leqtorebs aqvT maqsimaluri ukukavSiri.

erT-erTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani sxva germanuli universitetebisgan aris isic, rom buceriusSi studentebi swavlebis pirvel safexurs asruleben sam weliwadSi. amgvarad aris gawerili universitetis saswavlo programa da procesi, rac, bunebrivia, Zalian uCveuloa danarCeni germanuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis, sad-ac swavlebis pirveli safexuri SedarebiT xangrZlivia da moicavs oTx wels.

buceriusis universitetSi danergilia trimestruli swavlebis sistema, rac aseve uCveuloa sxva germanuli universitetebisTvis, sadac swavleba semestrulia. aRniSnu-li miznad isaxavs saswavlo programis moqnilobasa da mravalferovnebas.

universitetSi miRebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes winapirobas warmoadgens inglisuri enis srulyofili codna. saswavlo kurikulumSi ki, nebismier SemTxvevaSia gaTvalis-winebuli erTi savaldebulo semestri sazRvargareT. iq miRebuli kreditebis aRiare-ba da CarTva xdeba ZiriTad saswavlo programaSi. amasTanave, buceriusis studentebi swavloben, sul mcire, erT samarTlebriv sistemas, garda germanulisa (mag. anglo-saq-suri samarTlis sistemas).

buceriusis universitets aqvs unikaluri, me-4 wlis mosamzadebeli programa, romel-ic mniSvnelovnad exmareba studentebs finaluri gamocdis Sedegebis gaumjobesebaSi. aseve, savaldebuloa intensiuri ucxo enis programa, sadac studentebi irCeven erT-erTs _ franguli, rusuli, Cinuri da espanuri enebidan. enis swavlis me-9 safexurze studentebi abareben gamocdas, sadac iReben saerTaSorisod aRiarebul sertifikats iuridiul inglisursa an iuridiul frangul enaSi.

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garda aRniSnulisa, buceriusis universiteti unikaluria im TvalsazrisiTac, rom igi samarTlis saswavlo programaSi axdens ekonomikis principebisa da biznesis kuri-kulumebis inkorporirebas. biznesisa da ekonomikis kursi buceriusis universitetSi warmodgenilia germaniis erT-erTi wamyvani biznes skolis, WHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management-is mier. aRniSnuli programebi morgebulia samarTlis studentTa special-ur saWiroebebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, axdens koncentracias gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze, organizaciul struqturebze, menejmentis Teoriaze, firmis da korporaci-is Teoriaze, finanasebze, agreTve, bazrebis funqcionirebaze. gansakuTrebuli yur-adReba eqceva kanonis ekonomikur SesaZleblobebs (the economic capacity of law), erovnu-li ekonomikis Seswavlas, aseve, gadasaxadebisa da fiskaluri sistemis sakiTxebis da-muSavebas.

buceriusis saswavlo programaSi aseve Sedis ori savaldebulo staJireba, TiToeuli 3 Tvis xangrZlivobiT. studentebi, rogorc wesi staJirebas gadian wamyvan korporacieb-sa da iuridiul firmebSi, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareT. garda amisa, mudmivad imarTeba praqtikosTa Sexvedrebi studentebTan.

universitetSi aseve muSaobs e.w. Studium Professionale, romlis farglebSic studentebs utardebaT kursebi iseT disciplinebSi, rogoricaa: ritorika, damsaqmebelTan gasau-brebis treningebi, mowmis dakiTxvis treningebi da a.S.

garda amisa, universitetSi muSaobs e.w. „eqstrakurikularuli“ programa Studium Gener-ale, romlis farglebSic studentebs ekiTxebaT arasamarTlebrivi sagnebi, raTa miiRon damatebiTi codna savaldebulo programebis miRma. mocemuli programis fargleb-Si studentebi swavloben istorias, politikur mecnierebas, filosofias, ekonomikis principebs, adamianis uflebebsa da xelovnebas, ikvleven kacobriobis, mecnierebis, sazogadoebis fundamentur sakiTxebs. programa Philosophicum studentebs sTavazobs yovelwliur leqciebs da or damatebiT kurss. studentebi, romlebic amTavreben aR-niSnul kurss, uflebamosilni arian, miiRon akademiuri sertifikati filosofiaSi, riTac gaimdidreben swavlebis pirveli safexuris dasrulebis Semdgom mopovebul xarisxs, e.w. LL.B-s. imavdroulad, aRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba moxdeba saxelmwifo ga-mocdazec.

yvelaferTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom buceriusis universiteti erTaderTi german-uli universitetia, romelTanac amerikuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis mier dadebuli xelSekrulebebi gacvliTi programebis Sesaxeb miRebulia amerikis advokatTa asocia-ciis mier.

analogiur suliskveTebas inarCunebs mkvlevarTa jgufis mier Seswavlili sxva evro-puli qveynebis praqtikac. magaliTad, Sveicariis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizi cxadyofs, rom arCeviTi sagnebi, ZiriTadad, gansazRvrulia ise, rom gaRrmavdes ZiriTad disciplinebSi miRebuli codna.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT Jenevis universitetis praqtika, sadac swav-lebis pirvel safexurze arCeviTi sagnebis CamonaTvali Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: xelovnebisa da kulturuli qonebis samarTali, mSeneblobisa da sacxovreblis samar-Tali, sportis samarTali, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali, romis samarTali _ kerZo samarTlis principebi, politikuri da iuridiuli azrovnebis istoria, kriminologiis Sesavali, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebisa da konkurenciis samarTali, evropuli samo-qalaqo samarTali, konstituciuri samarTali (SerCeuli sakiTxebis mixedviT), so-cialuri dazRvevis samarTali, saerTaSoriso da SedarebiTi sagadasaxado samarTa-li, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali, konkurenciis Sveicariuli samarTali, iuridiuli da politikuri azrovnebis istoria, saerTaSoriso institutebi da saer-

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TaSoriso samarTlis ganviTareba, sawarmo iuridiuli da politikuri TvalTaxedviT xelSekrulebis Sedgena.

rogorc ganxiluli precedentebidan Cans, evropis wamyvani qveynebis umaRlesi iuridi-uli ganaTlebis sistema iswrafvis, studentebs misces iuridiuli ganaTleba, romelic Seesabameba qveynis ekonomikur models, arsebul samarTlebriv moTxovnebs, regionul konteqstsa da saerTaSoriso gamowvevebs. am TvalsazrisiT, evropulTan erTad, saint-eresoa amerikuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema, romelsac saswavlo gegme-bis moqnilobisa da sagnobrivi daviwroebis ukiduresad maRali xarisxi axasiaTebs. mag-aliTad, 2008 wlis ekonomikuri krizisis fonze, niu iorkis universitetis samarTlis skolaSi 2009 wlidan Cndeba kursi „krizisi 2008“, ielis universitetSi ki _ „msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi“.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi studentebs sTavazoben programebs, rom-lebic uSualod gamomdinareobs amerikuli specifikidan. magaliTad, aSS-iaponiis mWidro ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis fonze, miCiganis universitetma studentebs Ses-Tavaza iaponuri kanonmdeblobis Semswavleli specialuri kursi. niu iorkis univer-sitetis samarTlis skolas ki, warmodgenili aqvs Cinuri samarTlebrivi da finansuri sistemebis Semswavleli sagnebis mTeli cikli: „CineTTan saerTaSoriso kompleqsuri davebis regulireba“, „Sesavali CineTis samarTlebriv da saxelmwifo wyobaSi“, „saer-TaSoriso biznesi da sainvesticio xelSekrulebebi CineTTan“ da a.S.

axlo aRmosavleTSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis interesebidan gamomdinare, aSS-is araerTi universiteti sTavazobs studentebs specialur programebs islamuri samarT-lis mimarTulebiT. magaliTad: „genderuli problemebi islamur samarTalSi“, „Zala da kanoni islamur samyaroSi“ (niu iorkis universiteti), „islamuri samarTali“ (miCiganis universiteti), „Sesavali muslimur samarTalSi“ (harvardis universiteti).

garda im saxelmwifoebisa, romelTac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mravalwliani, zog SemTxvevaSi ki, mravalsaukunovani tradicia aqvT, mkvlevarTa jgufisTvis sain-tereso iyo post-komunisturi qveynebis praqtikac, romlebmac faqtobrivad saqarT-velosTan erTad moipoves damoukidebloba da tranziciis igive etapi gaiares, rasac dRes saqarTvelo gadis.

am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso aRmoCnda baltiis regionis gamocdileba. marTalia, lit-vis, latviisa da estoneTis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema Sors aris sru-lyofilebisgan, Tumca, aris garkveuli saintereso niuansebi, razec Rirs yuradRebis gamaxvileba. sainteresoa rigis37 samarTlis skolis praqtika. erTi mxriv, igi regionSi gamorCeuli saswavlebelia, meore mxriv, didi popularobiT sargeblobs qarTvel stu-dentTa Soris. swored amitom, baltiis regionis praqtikis mimoxilvisas, mkvlevarTa yuradReba am ukanasknelze SeCerda.

mocemuli saswavlebeli studentebs ori mimarTulebis sabakalavro programas sTava-zobs:

1. samarTlisa da biznesis mimarTuleba;2. samarTlisa da diplomatiis mimarTuleba.

pirveli mimarTuleba moicavs sakiTxebs, romlebic faravs saerTaSoriso samarTals, aseve, evropis kavSiris SedarebiT samarTals da sagnebs, romlebic Seexeba ekonomikis Teorias, finansebs, marketings, menejments.

37 ინფორმაცია აღნიშნული სასწავლებლის შესახებ აღებულია უშუალოდ სასწავლებლის ოფიციალური ვებ-გვერდიდან http://www.rgsl.edu.lv/en/study-at-rgsl/bachelor-programmes/bachelor-overview/ ნანახია 2014 წლის 14 თებერვალს).

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aRniSnuli mimarTuleba faravs samarTlis bakalavris xarisxisTvis aucilebel yvela samarTlebriv disciplinas, Tumca, imavdroulad, xdeba aRniSnuli sagnebis Seswavla transnacionaluri perspeqtividan. aqcenti keTdeba samarTlisa da biznesis urTierTkavSirze.

rac Seexeba samarTlisa da diplomatiis mimarTulebas, igi moicavs samarTlis, ekonomikisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis ZiriTad sakiTxebs. aRniSnuli kompleqsuri programa SemuSavebulia rigis samarTlis skolisa da latviis universitetis mier maTTvis, vinc samomavlod gegmavs diplomatiur karieras, agreTve, muSaobas arasamTavrobo seqtorSi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa da mediaSi.

rogorc mocemulidan Cans, aRniSnuli programa ar aris orientirebuli uSualod iuridiuli profesiis kadrebis momzadebaze, Tumca, igi faravs samarTlis disciplinebs, kursdamTavrebuls ki ufleba eZleva, ganagrZos swavla magistraturaSi samarTlis mimarTulebiT (LLM), aseve saerTaSoriso samarTlis an evropuli samarTlis ganxriT.

rac Seexeba mocemuli saswavleblis samagistro programebs, igi sakmaod mravalferovania. rigis samarTlis skola dainteresebul pirebs sTavazobs samarTlis samagistro programas saerTaSoriso da evropis samarTlis mimarTulebiT, samarTlisa da finansebis mimarTulebiT, samarTlebrivi lingvistikis mimarTulebiT, saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTlisa da adamianis uflebebis mimarTulebiT, transsasazRvro samewarmeo samarTlis mimarTulebiT, evrokavSiris samarTlisa da politikis mimarTulebiT.

rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, samagistro programebic, msgavsad sabakalavro programebisa, scildeba zogadad samarTlebriv CarCos, rac erTi mxriv, SeiZleba warmoadgendes samarTlis disciplinis kompleqsuri swavlebis mcdelobas, xolo meore mxriv, aRniSnuli swavlebis modeli mimzidvelia ucxoeli studentebisTvis. amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom mocemul mimarTulebebze swavlebis ena aris inglisuri.

yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba, misi xarisxis erT-erTi centraluri determinantia. am SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania is, Tu rogor axdens konkretuli qveyana sakuTari ganaTlebis sistemis harmonizacias qveynis winaSe arsebul regionul Tu saerTaSoriso konteqstTan, ramdenad Seesabameba ganaTleba qveynis socialur da ekonomikur sistemas, ramdenad pasuxobs iseTi tipis gamowvevebs, rogoricaa demokratiuli tranzicia, ekonomikuri da politikuri sistemis reformireba da a.S. Sesabamisad, mizanSewonilad iqna miCneuli mocemuli Temis sadiskusio sakiTxTa siaSi Setana.

3. qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilva

qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis determinantebis srulyofili gansazRvris mizniT, ucxouri iuridiuli praqtikis mimoxilvis paralelurad mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis analizi.

aRniSnuli procesi or etapad warimarTa. pirvel etapze moxda uSualod qarTuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Seswavla, meore etapma ki, sakvlevi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis Sida dokumentebi, kerZod, programebi da silabusebi moicva.

aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani iyo imdenad, ramdenadac gamoikveTa iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi qarTuli normatiuli bazis mixedviT. gaCnda maTi ucxour

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analogebTan Sedarebisa da miznobriv jgufebTan diskusiis procesSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.

3.1. sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva

ramdenadac ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli raime specialuri samarTlebrivi aqti, garda „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblis dokumentisa“, romelzedac angariSis pirvel TavSi visaubreT, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis Seswavlis farglebSi moeqca yvela is kanoni da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic saqarTveloSi umaRles ganaTlebas, ganaTlebis xarisxs, akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis process aregulirebs. garda amisa, Seswavlil iqna is sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketi, koncefcia Tu sxva dargobrivi dokumentis proeqti, romelic bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi momzadda sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo Tu samTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenelTa mier, Tumca, maTi umravlesoba ar iqna gaziarebuli an implementirebuli sxvadasxva mizezis gamo.

mimoxilvis mniSvnelovani nawili eTmoba iuridiuli saqmianobis licenzirebis process, saxelmwifo regulaciebsa da dadgenil procedurebs, rac aucilebelia sxvadasxva Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad.

daskvniT nawilSi ki gamoyofilia yvela is arsebiTi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saxelmwifos mxridan.

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva, pirobiTad, SegviZlia Semdeg nawilebad davyoT:• reforma.• akreditacia da avtorizacia.• umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva.• regulirebadi profesiebi.• faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli profesiis xarisxze.

3.1.1. reforma

2004 wlis dasasrul daiwyo saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba. saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo samarTlebrivi aqtebi, Seicvala umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafinansebisa da marTvis struqtura; aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom dasawyisSive reformis TanmimdevrulobasTan dakavSirebiT daisva kiTxvebi da gamoiTqva garkveuli eWvebi. kerZod, pirveli sakanonmdeblo cvlileba ganxorcielda 2004 wlis 21 dekembers „umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi , xolo „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanoni miRebul iqna mxolod 2005 wels.

miuxedavad xarvezebis, winaaRmdegobebisa da siCqarisa, reformis Sedegad Zireulad Seicvala mTeli sistema, axleburad Camoyalibda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saswavleblebis struqtura, gaCnda mmarTvelobis arCeviTi organoebi, Seicvala dafinansebis wesi da dafinansebisaTvis orientiri aRebul iqna moswavleTa da studentTa raodenobaze, ganxorcielda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis akreditacia; Tumca, reformis erT-erT yvelaze did monapovars warmoadgens ganaTlebis sistemaSi korufciis minimumamde dayvana, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba. saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelos angariSSi vkiTxulobT: „am gamocdebma naTlad dagvanaxa, rom saqarTveloSi aris imis SesaZlebloba, rom mTeli qveynis masStabiT Catardes

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Ria da samarTliani SesarCevi konkursi. es kargad organizebuli procesi unda gaxdes magaliTi saxelmwifoSi mimdinare sxva reformebisTvisac.“38

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aRniSnuli kvlevis mizans warmoadgens umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba, yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT, mxolod reformis im aspeqtebze, romlebmac aseve gavlena iqonia umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis formirebaze im saxiT, ra saxiTac is dRes arsebobs.

3.1.2. akreditacia/avtorizacia

akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis procesis mimoxilvis farglebSi detalurad iqna gaana-lizebuli uSualod procesi, misi maregulirebeli normatiuli baza. analizis pro-cesSi gamoikveTa ramdenime problemuri aspeqti, saidanac, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs interesTa konfliqtis sakiTxi eqspertTa jgu-fis wevrebsa da akreditacia/avtorizaciis mopovebiT dainteresebul universitets Soris.

kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia, rom akreditacia/avtorizaciis eqspertTa jgufis wevrma Tavad unda ganacxados acileba interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, eqspertTa jgufis acilebaze wardgineba SeuZlia gaakeTos maZiebelma dawesebulebamac individualur-sa-marTlebrivi aqtis39 gacnobidan 2 dRis vadaSi. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecniereb-is ministris 2010 wlis 1 oqtombris brZaneba #99/n „saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis debulebisa da safasuris damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ adgens, rom, debulebis miznebisTvis, interesTa konfliqtad miiCneva saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis 92-e muxliT dadgenili garemoebebis arseboba, kerZod, Tu eqsperti:a) TviTon aris dainteresebuli mxare saqmeSi.b) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesavia (pirdapi-

ri xazis naTesavi; meuRle, meuRlis da-Zma da pirdapiri xazis naTesavi; aRmavali xazis pirdapiri naTesavis da-Zma; da-Zma, maTi meuRleebi da Svilebi).

g) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris warmomadgenelia.d) aris eqsperti mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.e) SromiT urTierTobaSia saqmeSi monawile dainteresebul mxaresTan.v) TviTon an misi ojaxis wevri flobs aqciebs an sawesdebo kapitalis wils im sawarmoSi,

romelic warmoadgens dainteresebul mxares. z) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis wevria.

miuxedavad sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalisa interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb, rac udavod misasalmebelia, mainc arsebobs garkveuli safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba _ statusis mopovebis sanacvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTava-zebis saxiT. sasurvelia, am mxrivac gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akreditaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ar hqondes SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviciloT aramarto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, aramed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan.

38 www.trasnparency.ge 39 საფასურის გადახდის შემდეგ, ცენტრი გამოსცემს ინდივიდუალურ ადმინისტრაციულ- აქტს აკრედიტაციის/ავტორიზაციის ექსპერტთა ჯგუფის შექმნისა და აკრედიტაციის/ავტორიზაციის მაძიებელ დაწესებულებაში ვიზიტის შესახებ.

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garda aRniSnulisa, garkveul riskebs atarebs akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesic, romelTan dakavSirebiTac pozicia araerTgvarovania. arsebobs mosazreba, rom akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis arsebuli wesi iZleva, calkeuli kuluaruli garigebebis dadebis an konkurenti umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sevi-wrovebis mizniT, sabWos gadawyvetilebaze gavlenis moxdenis saSualebas. marTalia, mocemulis pirdapiri dadastureba ver xdeba, Tumca, mizanSewonilia akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesis cvlileba imgvarad, rom nebismieri riski minimumamde iyos dayvanili.

3.1.3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva

qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis normatiuli bazis mimoxilvis farglebSi saintereso iyo Segvefasebina, ramdenad qmediTia xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianoba sakvlev universitetebSi. ramdenime universitets sakuTar veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli aqvs saqmianobis angariSi, kvlevebi, studentTa kmayofilebis Sefasebis kiTxvarebi, magram calsaxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, ZiriTadad, monacemebi moZvelebulia.

garkveul tendenciad SeiZleba gamoikveTos is, rom saxelmwifo universitetebs ufro meti informacia udevT am kuTxiT vidre kerZo dawesebulebebs. ZiriTadad, kerZo universitetebi Semoifarglebian wesdebaSi imis miTiTebiT, rom maT gaaCniaT xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri an konkretuli Tanamdebobis piri, romelic pasuxismgebelia swavlis xarisxze.

am mimarTulebiT, erTi mxriv, sasurvelia, ufro axali da srulyofili informacia iyos warmodgenili universitetebis veb-gverdebze da, meore mxriv, kerZo umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebmac ganaTavson xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianobis amsaxveli informacia. udavoa, rom prestiJul kerZo saswavleblebSi xarisxis kontroli xorcieldeba. swored es ganapirobebs am dawesebulebebis prestiJulobas. amitom kargi iqneba maTi gamocdilebis gaziareba am mimarTulebiT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, ganTavsebuli informacia ar aris xelmisawvdomi, an mxolod ucxo enazea misi gacnoba SesaZlebeli.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ar arsebobs xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianobis sistemuri regulireba. erTaderTi dokumenti, romelic am mxriv garkveul meTodologias adgens, aris ssip ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris brZaneba #188 „umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis rekomendaciebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“. aseve, calkeul universitetebs SemuSavebuli aqvT Sida dokumenti saswavlo procesis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, arsad ar vxdebiT dadgenil periodulobas, Tu ramden xanSi erTxel unda moxdes kvlevis Catareba, Semowmeba da a.S.

reformis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli sistemis udavod dadebiT maxasiaTeblad unda Sefasdes arCeviTi organoebis Camoyalibeba, studentTa CarTuloba rogorc amomrCevlis, aseve, uSualod marTvis struqturebSi da xarisxis misaRebad calke struqturuli erTeulis Seqmna xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saxiT.

3.1.4. regulirebadi profesiebi

reformis erT-erT siaxles warmoadgens aseve umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-12 Tavi, romelic moicavs debulebebs saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi profesiebis Sesaxeb. kanonis Tanaxmad, aseT profesiebs ganekuTvneba: a) iuridiuli; b) samedicino; g) pedagogiuri.

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Tavad termini „regulirebadi profesia“ kanonSi ganmartebulia, rogorc profesiebis CamonaTvali, romlebic saWiroebs akademiur umaRles ganaTlebasa da sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebas. xazgasmulia isic, rom mxolod saxelmwifos SeuZlia aseTi profesiebis gansazRvra.

iuridiuli profesiis regulirebad profesiaTa CamonaTvalSi moxvedra imTaviTve dadebiTad iqna Sefasebuli, gansakuTrebiT, debuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom „regulirebad profesiebSi saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis Catarebis wesi da pirobebi ganisazRvreba Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT.“ gaCnda molodini, rom saxelmwifo miiRebda kanons iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.

jer kidev 2002 wels, ganaTlebis sistemaSi ganxorcielebul reformamde, saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi da uSiSroebis organoebis reformirebis komisiis farglebSi Seiqmna qvekomisia maSindeli iusticiis ministris roland giligaSvili xelmZRvanelobiT. qvekomisiis mier momzadda „koncefcia iuridiuli ganaTlebis kanonis Sesaxeb“, romelic 2002 wlis 24 ivniss iusticiis ministris pirvelma moadgilem kote kublaSvilma gamoaqveyna. „radio TavisuflebisaTvis“ micemul interviuSi kote kublaSvili aRniSnavs: „... sauniversiteto ganaTleba iuristisTvis aucilebelia, magram yvela aRiarebs, rom es arasodes ar aris sakmarisi. anu amis Semdeg kidev raRac unda miiRos pirma, rom igi srulyofili iuristi gaxdes. Tu Cven momavalSi, marTlac, mivadgebiT imas, rom Cven gavxdebiT wevrebi (evrokavSiris - avtoris SeniSvna), am mimarTulebiT Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi Sesacvleli bevri araferi gveqneba, Tu es koncefcia Semdeg gardaisaxa kanonproeqtad da cxovrebaSi gatarebul iqna.“40

„koncefciis mTavar RerZs sakvalifikacio gamocda warmoadgens. umaRlesi saswav-leblis damTavrebis Semdeg iuristobis msurvels gadaecema iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi da iuristis kvalifikaciis misaniWeblad mas specia-luri gamocdis Cabareba mouwevs. aseve, Seiqmneba iusticiis umaRlesi skola, romlis damTavreba sakvalifikacio gamocdis tolfasi iqneba. kvalifikaciis armqone iuridiu-li ganaTlebis specialistebs gza xsnili eqnebaT kerZo da samecniero sferoSi.“

2005 wlis 10 oqtombers, saqarTvelos parlamentSi Sevida kanonproeqti „iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris nino kalandaZis avtorobiT (pro-eqtis #07-6/372). kanonproeqti saintereso iyo da iTvaliswinebda iseTi sakiTxebis ax-lebur regulirebas, rogoricaa umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis winasauniversiteto, sauniversiteto da universitetis Semdgomi ganaTlebis regulireba, sam safexuriani swavlebis SemoReba da sasertifikacio gamocdis danergva. kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad:

„mosamarTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis Tanamdebobis dakavebis winapirobaa saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabareba. sasertifikacio gamocda gansazRvravs, ramdenad Seesabameba gamosacdeli piris (kandidatis) Teoriuli codna da am codnis gamoyenebis unari wayenebul moTxovnebs.“41

kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebda saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis safuZvelze mosa-marTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis Tanamdebobis dakavebas. Tavad gamoc-da ori saxis SeiZleboda yofiliyo: saerTo da specializaciis mixedviT. kanonproeqtis ganxilva ganxorcielda parlamentis plenarul sxdomaze. damoukidebeli eqspertis lali baqraZis mier momzadda daskvna #4304,42 romelic mTel rig SeniSvnebs moicavda kanonproeqtTan mimarTebiT.

40 http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1521618.html 41 http://www.civilin.org/Project/p110.pdf 42 http://www.civilin.org/Project/d110.pdf

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miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier dRemde ar momxdara iuridiuli ganaT-lebis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aqtualur sakiTxTa dRis wesrigSic ki ar damdgara aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi aqtis miReba. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos kanon-mdeblobiT gansazRvrul danarCen or regulirebad profesias _ pedagogiursa da sa-medicinos _ maT aregulirebs calke samarTlebrivi aqtebi (saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanoni, maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis standarti da a.S.).

Sesabamisad, erTaderTi samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic saxelmwifos mier regulire-buli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvrel sakvalifikacio moTxovnebs adgens aris saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba #120/n-iT damtkicebuli erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo. erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo sami nawilisagan Sedgeba da moicavs: zogadi ganaTlebis, profesiuli ganaTlebis da umaR-lesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCoebs. umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa Car-Co ganmartebulia, rogorc „erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos Semadgeneli dokumenti, romelSic sistemizirebulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli umaRlesi (akademiuri) ganaT-lebis kvalifikaciebi“, xolo dokumentis Tanaxmad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifik-acia: „aris swavlis Sedegi, romelic miiRweva akademiuri saganmanaTleblo programis daZleviT da dasturdeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier gacemu-li diplomiT. umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCo uzrunvelyofs umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciebis aRweras swavlis Sedegebis safuZvelze.“

rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili dokumenti aris unificirebuli samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic, zogadad, adgens umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciis ganmsazRvrel maxasi-aTeblebs da saerToa yvela profesiisTvis.

sakvalifikacio CarCos Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod akreditaciis miRebis SemTxvevaSi. Se-sabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis micema SeuZliaT mxolod da mxolod akred-itirebul saswavleblebs.

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi pirvel safexurze swavlis ufleba aqvs sru-li zogadi ganaTlebis mqone pirs. sainteresoa, am mxriv aRiniSnos, rom kanonproeqti, romelic zemoT iqna ganxiluli Seicavda Tavs „winasauniversiteto ganaTleba“, rom-lis Tanaxmadac:

„1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba valdebulia, misces moswavles samarTlism-codneobis zogadi dawyebiTi ganaTleba, minimum daskvniTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. saswav-lo programa unda moicavdes saqarTvelos konstituciis, samoqalaqo samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis safuZvlebis swavlebas.

2. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier SeTavazebuli samarTlismcodneo-bis saswavlo programa unda iqnes damtkicebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo sakoordinacio sabWos mier.“

qveTavs „saSualo ganaTlebis programis Sesaxeb“ moicavs aseve „iuridiuli ganaTlebis koncefciis proeqti“, romelic momzadda 2002 wlis ivlisSi, saqarTvelos axalgazr-da iuristTa asociaciisa da amerikel iuristTa asociaciis mier erToblivad, USAID-is mxardaWeriT. koncefciaSi aRniSnulia, rom: „saSualo ganaTlebis programa unda moi-cavdes saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis savaldebulo swavlebas sabazo skolis bolo wels _ mecxre klasSi, agreTve, profiluri saswavleblebis me-aTe-meTerTmete klasebSi _ samarTalmcodneobis gaRrmavebul swavlebas. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis swavleba sabazo skolaSi unda moicavdes sax-elmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis Teoriul nawils, saqarTvelos konstituciisa

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da sxva ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis zogad Teo-riul mimoxilvas, saxelmwifosa da pirovnebis urTierTmimarTebas, adamianisa da bavS-vis uflebaTa dacvis konvenciebs. swavlebis bolo etapze unda tardebodes gamocda, romelic daadasturebs saerTo samarTlebriv Teoriul momzadebas“.

dResdReobiT moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, zogadsaganmanaTleblo doneze samar-Tlis elementebis swavleba xdeba samive safexurze: dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safex-urebze da is sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa sagnobriv jgufSia gaerTianebuli. dawyebiT safexurze sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis damoukidebeli Seswavla iwyeba V klasidan. moswavleebi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi Seiswavlian kurss `Cveni saqarTvelo~. kursis farglebSi moswavle ecnoba samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad principebs. sabazo safexurze, istoriasa da geografiasTan erTad, iswavleba sagani samoqalaqo ganaTleba, romelic aerTianebs mniSvnelovan samarTlebriv sakiTxebs da adgens, rom moswavlem kursis farglebSi unda: „gaiazros demokratiis, konstituciis, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis, rogorc saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi ba-zis mniSvneloba; gaiazros sakuTar da sxvis uflebebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs Soris arsebuli kavSiri da konkretuli nabijebi gadadgas sakuTari da sxvisi uflebebis dasa-cavad; gaiazros adamianis/bavSvTa uflebebis mniSvneloba da maTi dacvisTvis ganaxor-cielos konkretuli qmedeba; gaacnobieros adamianTa specifikuri jgufebis ufle-bebis dacvis mniSvneloba da maTi dacvisTvis gadadgas konkretuli nabijebi.“ saSualo safexurze kursi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba da moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, daeuflos politikuri, iuridiuli da ekonomikuri mecnierebebis safuZvlebs; Sesabamisad, samo-qalaqo ganaTleba SesaZlebelia miviCnioT zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis winapirobad. Tumca, aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom is ar warmoadgens samarTlis, rogorc sagnis Canacvlebas, radgan bevrad ufro kompleqsuria da Tavis TavSi ramdenime dargs aerTianebs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samoqalaqo ganaTlebis swav-lis procesSi bevri problematuri sakiTxi ikveTeba, romelic yuradRebasa da gadaWras saWiroebs. magaliTad, 2011 wlis kvlevis angariSSi „samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagani saqa-rTvelos skolebSi da moswavleTa mier samoqalaqo ganaTlebis gakveTilebze miRebuli codnis praqtikuli gamoyeneba“ miTiTebulia, rom:

„sxvadasxva kategoriis respondentTa azriT, swavlebis dabal dones ganapirobebs Sem-degi faqtorebi:

• pedagogTa arakvalificiuroba: saqarTveloSi ar arian samoqalaqo ganaTlebis specialistebi da, aseve, ar arsebobs naTeli warmodgena imaze, Tu vin unda aswav-los es sagani skolebSi. pedagogebs ar aqvT saTanado codna iuridiuli da so-cialuri mecnierebebis kuTxiT (magaliTad, fsiqologiis).

• arasaTanado saswavlo garemo: skolebs ar aqvT saTanado materialur-teqnikuri baza samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnis efeqtianad swavlebisTvis.

• pedagogebs ar aqvT sakmarisi damxmare saSualebebi da saswavlo masalebi samoqa-laqo ganaTlebis sagnis xarisxianad swavlebisTvis.

• arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi yovelTvis ver pasuxobs swavlebis efeqtianobis mxriv arsebul moTxovnebsa da molodinebs (igulisxmeba ZiriTadad me-10 klasis saxelmZRvaneloebi).

• zogadad, dabalia samoqalaqo kultura da cnobiereba, rac swavlebis xarisxsa da, rogorc pedagogebis, aseve moswavleebis motivaciaze axdens gavlenas.

aRniSnulis fonze sainteresoa, im winapirobaTa CamonaTvali, romelic abiturients aZlevs uflebas, Cairicxos ama Tu im umaRlesi saswavleblis iuridiul fakultetze.

pirvel rigSi, sainteresoa, ra sagnebs abarebs abiturienti imisaTvis, rom samarTalm-

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codneobis fakultetze Cairicxos. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, Casabarebeli sa-gnebi or jgufad iyofa: savaldebulo da arCeviT sagnebad. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2011 wlis 18 Tebervlis brZaneba #19/n-is „erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Catarebis debulebisa da saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis ganawilebis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad: akademiur programaze Caricx-visTvis savaldebulo sagnebia: qarTuli ena da literatura, zogadi unarebi, erTi an ramdenime ucxour enaTagan, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis arCeviT, akade-miuri programis Sesabamisad.

akademiur programaze CaricxvisaTvis, garda savaldebulo sagnebisa, ganaTlebis er-ovnul centrTan SeTanxmebiT, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba irCevs Semdeg sagnebs: maTematika, humanitaruli sagnebi, literatura, geografia, istoria, sabuneb-ismetyvelo sagnebi _ qimia, fizika, biologia.

rogorc vxedavT, arc arCeviT da arc savaldebulo sagnebSi arc samarTali da arc samo-qalaqo ganaTleba ar gvxdeba. umetes SemTxvevaSi, samarTalmcodneobis specialobaze mosaxvedrad istoria bardeba. sadavoa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad sakmarisia momavali iuristis Sefaseba, savaldebulo sagnebis garda, istoriis codnis safuZ-velze. rodesac xarisxze vsaubrobT, es erT-erTi is komponentia, romelzedac dava dRemde mimdinareobs, ra doziT unda hqondes momaval iurists zogadi samarTlebri-vi ganaTleba, warmoadgens Tu ara es imis winapirobas, rom sauniversiteto ganaTleb-is aTvisebas studenti kargad SeZlebs. xazgasasmelia isic, rom arcTu iSviaTad samar-Talmcodneobis specialobaze studentebi xvdebian ara pirveladi arCevanis Sedegad, aramed erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis sistema aZlevT maT saSualebas, airCion ramden-ime profesia, Tu Casabarebeli gamocdebi iZleva amis saSualebas da Tu qulebi ar aris sakmarisi pirvelad miTiTebul specialobaze mosaxvedrad, Cairicxon meore da a.S. spe-cialobebze. Tumca, naklebad savaraudoa, motivirebuli iyos aseTi studenti, romel-sac 18 wlis asakSi arCevanis gakeTeba isedac uWirs. sasurvelia, am mxriv saxelmwifom midgoma Secvalos da arCeviT Casabarebel saganTa nusxas samarTali an samoqalaqo ganaTlebac Seematos. aseT SemTxvevaSi, abiturienti bevrad ufro gaazrebul arCevans gaakeTebs da, garkveulwilad, mzad iqneba im sapasuxismgeblo nabijis gadasadgmelad, rasac iuristad Camoyalibeba hqvia.

3.1.5. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze

analizis farglebSi mimoxilul iqna samarTlebrivi baza, romelic saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis safuZvelia. Sesabamisad, gamoikveTa is faqtorebic, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da pirdapir Tu iribad ganapirobebs kvalificiuri iuridiuli korpusis formirebas qveyanaSi.

1. iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standarti. jer kidev 2002 wels Seqmnili iuridiuli ganaTlebis koncefciiT43 ganisazRvra, rom „iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standartebis Camoyalibebis procesis dawyeba pirveli rigis gadaudebeli RonisZiebaa. gamarTuli, racionaluri, anu arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT da Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi saxelmwifo standartebis arseboba dRevandel pirobebSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis marTvis sistemis Camoyalibebis winapirobaa.“ mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom 2002 wlis Semdeg seriozuli cvlilebebi ganicada ganaTlebis mTelma sistemam. dRes ukve arsebobs kvalifikaciaTa erovnuli CarCo, sadac gawerilia, Tu ra unda iyos pirveli, meore da mesame safexuris sauniversiteto

43 იურიდიული განათლების კონცეფცია - საქართველოს ახალგაზრდა იურისტთა ასოციაცია, ამერიკის იურისტთა ასოციაცია, ივლისი, 2002.

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ganaTlebis Sedegi da kvalifikaciis ganmsazRvreli. dadgenilia kreditebis saerTo raodenoba da moqmedebs universitetSi Caricxvis erTiani wesi. miuxedavad amisa, iuridiuli, rogorc regulirebadi profesia, specifikur midgomas da regulirebas saWiroebs. mizanSewonilia dargobrivi dokumentis, unificirebuli aqtis Seqmna (mag. kanoni iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb), romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli ganaTlebis erTian saxelmwifo standarts, sadac saxelmwifo mkafiod daafiqsirebs pozicias, Tu ras niSnavs kvalifikacia `iuristi~, ra unda icodes da ra unar-Cvevebs unda flobdes igi.

2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris qmediTi roli. umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis sadarajoze dgas xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri, romelic umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis savaldebulo struqturuli erTeulia. Seswavlili saswavleblebidan saxelmwifo universitetebs ufro sistematizirebuli aqvT aRniSnuli struqturuli erTeulis saqmianoba, vidre kerZo dawesebulebebs, Tumca, xSirad moZvelebuli informacia devs saitebze. arsebobs mxolod rekomendaciebi _ ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris brZanebiT damtkicebuli. sasurvelia am samsaxuris gaZliereba da erTiani meTodologiis daxvewa, strategiuli xedvebis Camoyalibeba da samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba. sasurvelia, fokusi gakeTdes regulirebad profesiebze, raTa saxelmwifos principuli damokidebuleba gamoCndes am profesiebis mimarT. mudmivad unda xdebodes xarisxis kontrolis mxardaWera, raTa qveyanaSi Zlieri iuristTa korpusi Camoyalibdes.

3. biblioTeka. Tanamedrove literaturis roli Zalian didia iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad. am mxriv, Sefaseba ori mimarTulebiT SeiZleba gakeTdes: erTi _ silabusebSi miTiTebuli literatura ramdenad Tanamedrove da relevanturia da, meore _ ramdenad xelmisawvdomia is literatura, romelic miTiTebulia silabusSi. pirveli sakiTxi uSualo kavSirSia leqtoris kompetenciasTan da akademiuri personalis pasuxismgeblobasTan. rac Seexeba xelmisawvdomobas, am SemTxvevaSi dgeba sakiTxi, ramdenad mdidaria biblioTeka, aRWurvilia Tu ara is Tanamedrove eleqtronuli saSualebebiT. udavod dadebiTad unda Sefasdes is, rom avtorizaciis erT-erTi standarti adgens:

„T) dawesebulebis biblioTekis fondi (rogorc beWduri, ise eleqtronul matareblebze arsebuli) Seesabameba Tu ara saganmanaTleblo programis saswavlo kursebis programebSi (silabusebSi) miTiTebul literaturas, aseve, uzrunvelyofilia Tu ara saerTaSoriso eleqtronul sabiblioTeko qselSi CarTuloba.

i) arsebobs Tu ara dawesebulebaSi biblioTekis katalogi, biblioTekiT sargeblobis wesebi da aucilebeli inventariT aRWurvili samkiTxvelo darbazi.“

miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa, biblioTekebis mdgomareoba universitetebSi Sorsaa idealurisagan. am mxriv, aucilebelia gagrZeldes muSaoba da biblioTeka studentebi-saTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelmisawvdom adgilad iqces, sadac isini yvelaze didi dros gaatareben.

4. akademiuri personali. rodesac xarisxze vsaubrobT, erT-erT Zireul da gadam-wyvet faqtors ganekuTvneba akademiuri personalis kvalifikacia. es is kriteriumia, romelic ganapirobebs studentTa mizidulobis xarisxsac ama Tu im universitetisad-mi. bolo periodSi ganxorcielebulma cvlilebebma, akreditacia/avtorizaciis pro-cesebma universitetebi daayena aucileblobis winaSe _ moewviaT iseTi profesorebi, romlebic TavianTi cenziTa da statusiT uzrunvelyofdnen dawesebulebis programis Sesabamisobas dadgenil standartTan. avtorizaciis standarti adgens dawesebulebis

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akademiuri personalis Tanafardobas dawesebulebis statussa da studentTa raode-nobasTan mimarTebiT, kerZod:

a) kolejSi _ minimum erTi sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesori 40 studentze, magram aranakleb 10 profesorisa;

b) saswavlo universitetSi _ ara umetes 5 saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 50 studentze, 6-idan 12 saganmanaTleblo programamde ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 60 studentze, 12 da meti saganmanaTleblo programis ganxor-cielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 70 studentze, magram aranakleb 15 sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesorisa;

g) universitetSi _ ara umetes 11 saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTx-vevaSi, minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 50 studentze, 12-idan 24 sag-anmanaTleblo programamde ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an aso-cirebuli profesori 60 studentze, 24 da meti saganmanaTleblo programis ganxor-cielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 70 studentze, aranakleb 25 sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesorisa.

mniSvnelovania daTqma imis Sesaxebac, rom saganmanaTleblo programa ar SeiZleba ganx-orcieldes mxolod mowveuli personalis, mkvlevarebis an maswavleblebis mier.

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrda tenden-cia, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebul iqna ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sx-vadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi adamian-is mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aRniSnuli problemis gamomwvev erT-erT mizezad SeiZleba moviazroT is garemoeba, rom qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi ar-sebuli iuridiuli fakultetebis raodenoba aRemateba bazarze arsebuli akademiuri kadrebis odenobas. gansxvavebiT igive ucxouri praqtikisgan, saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis did umravlesobas iuridiuli fakulteti aqvs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv, iuridiul ganaTlebaze arsebuli didi moTxovniT, meore mxriv ki imiT, rom aRniSnuli moTxovna, Sesabamisad ki studentebis raodenoba, iuridiul fakultets aqcevs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis „marCenal“ fakultetad. akademiuri personalis kuTxiT, erTgvar kontrolis meqanizms warmoad-gens zemoT xsenebuli avtorizaciis standartis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom: avtor-izaciis miznebisTvis erTi sruli profesori eTvleba mxolod erT universitets, mx-olod or saswavlo universitets, an mxolod or kolejs, an saswavlo universitetsa da kolejs, profesoris arCeviT; xolo asocirebuli profesori eTvleba mxolod or dawesebulebas, profesoris arCeviT. sruli an asocirebuli profesoris mier or an met dawesebulebaSi sruli an asocirebuli profesoris Tanamdebobis dakaveba mowmdeba sa-ganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis reestris monacemebiT. miuxedavad amisa, aucilebelia adgilobrivi kadrebis maqsimaluri waxaliseba, raTa ar moxdes mxolod ramdenime piris datvirTva Seusabamod didi odenobis saaTebiT, rac, sabolood, xels SeuSlis xarisx-iani da kvalificiuri leqciebis sistematur Catarebas.

3.2. silabusebis da programebis analizi

qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo normebis analizis paralelurad, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis sakvanZo nawils warmoadgens uSualod qarTuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis samarTlis silabusebis da programebis analizi.

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erTi mxriv, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresebuli iyo imiT, Tu ramdenad xerxdeba qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofa, sad aris problema da rogor SeiZleba misi gamosworeba; ra aris umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvreli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT. meore mxriv, sainteresoa, Tu ramdenad aris daculi da gaTvaliswinebuli arsebuli kanonmdebloba, miuxedavad misi xarvezebisa da upiratesobebisa. am TvalsazrisiT, ganxorcielda sakvlevi universitetebis programebisa da silabusebis Seswavla.

3.2.1. saswavlo kursis programebi (silabusebi)

ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris 07.04.2011 wlis #188 brZaneba aregulirebs rekomendaciebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

brZanebis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, silabusSi mieTiTeba:a) saswavlo kursis saxelwodeba.b) avtori.g) saswavlo kursis/modulis miznebi.d) kreditebis raodenoba da saaTebis ganawileba studentis datvirTvis Sesabamisad.e) daSvebis winapirobebi.v) swavlis Sedegebi.z) Sinaarsi.T) swavlebis/swavlis meTodebi.i) Sefasebis kriteriumebi.k) ZiriTadi da damxmare literatura.

sanam uSualod SevexebiT silabusebis Sefasebas, mniSvnelovania ganvsazRvroT silabu-sis Sinaarsi da Sefasebis kriteriumebi.

saswavlo kursis programa (silabusi) aris dokumenti, romelic iZleva informacias saswavlo kursis/modulis miznebis, swavlis Sedegebis, kreditebis, Sinaarsis, swavleb-isa da swavlis meTodebis, Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb. brZanebiT gansazRvruli CamonaTvalis garda, praqtikaSi vxvdebiT sxvadasxva kriteriums, kerZod:

1. saswavlo kursis saxelwodebis gansazRvras udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. am ukanask-nels erTobliobaSi zustad unda pasuxobdes is Sinaarsi da swavlebis Temebi, romlebic kurikulumiT aris gawerili. mniSvnelovania, is exmianebodes 2005 wlis 19-20 maiss umaRles ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeli evropeli ministrebis mier bergenis konferenci-aze miRebuli kvalifikaciebis saerTo struqturis im safexurs, romelze saswavlebla-dac aris gamiznuli esa Tu is saswavlo kursis programa.

2. saswavlo kursis (modulis) kodi (aRniSnuli kodis miniWeba xdeba Sesabamis uni-versitetSi moqmedi erTiani wesis Sesabamisad, saswavlo procesis marTvis samsaxuris mier). aRniSnuli veli, xSir SemTxvevaSi, carielia xolme sauniversiteto silabusebSi, Tumca, universitetebs Sida regulaciebiT aucileblad unda hqondeT msgavsi kodebi silabusebisTvis miniWebuli.

3. saswavlo kursis statusi. statusSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: fakulteti, swavleb-is safexuri (profesiuli umaRlesi, sabakalavro, diplomirebuli medikosis, samagis-tro, sadoqtoro programa) savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. yovelive es ki, unda pasuxob-

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des kiTxvas, visTvis aris es saswavlo kursi gaTvaliswinebuli. aRniSnul grafaSi aseve mniSvnelovania imis miTiTeba, aris Tu ara es kursi savaldebulo an arCeviTi romelime specialobis studentebisTvis.

4. kreditebis raodenoba da saaTebis ganawileba studentis datvirTvis Sesabamisad _ ECTS. aRniSnuli aris saswavlo kursis kreditebi, agreTve, sakontaqto da damoukide-beli muSaobis saaTebis raodenoba kvireuli da semestruli gaTvliT. kreditebSi unda iyos asaxuli rogorc sakontaqto, ise damoukideblad muSaobis saaTebi, anu is dro, romelsac leqtori iyenebs saauditoro muSaobisas da is dro, romelic students sWirdeba masalis mosamzadeblad. aseve, aRniSnuli grafa unda moicavdes Sualeduri da saboloo SefasebebisTvis gankuTvnil dros.

5. leqtori (leqtorebi). aRniSnul grafaSi aucileblad unda mieTiTos leqtoris maidentificirebeli monacemebi (saxeli, gvari, statusi, xarisxi, dakavebuli akademi-uri Tanamdeboba), aseve, samuSao adgili da sakontaqto informacia. kurss SeiZleba uZ-Rvebodes ramdenime leqtori. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia maTi monacemebis Seyvana srulad.

6. saswavlo kursis miznebi. mizani ar SeiZleba iyos Zalian farTo da zogadi. piri-qiT, igi gadmocemuli unda iyos konkretulad da mkafiod. Tavis mxriv, swavlebis yve-la safexurs aqvs damoukidebeli mizani da maTi specifika mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan.

7. saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapirobebi. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos, Tu ra sagnebi unda hqondes students gavlili aRniSnul kursze daSvebis uflebis mosapove-blad. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu saswavlo kursi moiTxovs studentisagan specialur codnas, isic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli.

8. saswavlo kursis formati. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos, Tu ra tipis da ra in-tensivobis samuSao Sexvedrebi Catardeba studentebTan, magaliTad, leqcia, seminari, praqtikuli samuSao da a.S.

9. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi _ leqciis/seminaris /praqtikumis/laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema, literatura (Sesabamisi gverdebis miTiTebiT). mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul grafaSi zustad iyos gansazRvruli TiToeuli saleqcio Temis xangr-Zlivoba, misi saTauri, masalebi gverdebis miTiTebiT. students silabusis meSveobiT unda SeeZlos yvela saWiro informaciis miReba swavlis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, ro-melic, rogorc wesi, ganisazRvreba danarTis saxiT.

10. Sefaseba. miTiTebuli unda iyos Sefasebis kriteriumebi, saboloo da damatebiT ga-mocdaze daSvebis winapiroba. Sualeduri da saboloo Sefasebis formebi: kolokviumi, weriTi da/an zepiri gamokiTxva, prezentacia da a. S. TiToeuli formis xvedriTi wili saboloo SefasebisTvis, universitetSi moqmedi wesebis Sesabamisad.

11. savaldebulo literatura _ ZiriTadi saxelmZRvaneloebi, konspeqti, eleqtronu-li saxelmZRvaneloebi da dokumentebi, veb-gverdi, romlis mixedviTac mimdinareobs swavleba, e.w riderebi; mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnuli literatura xelmisawvdomi iyos Sesabamisi umaRlesi saswavleblis biblioTekaSi, razec unda iyos specialuri mi-TiTeba.

12. damatebiTi literatura da sxva saswavlo masala. aRniSnul velSi miTiTebuli unda iyos is wignebi, samecniero statiebi, eleqtronuli resursebi, veb-gverdi da sxva saswavlo masala, romelTa gamoyenebiTac studentebs, garda savaldebulo litera-turisa, saSualeba eqnebaT, saswavlo kursis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb miiRon damatebiTi codna.

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13. swavlis Sedegebi. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos is dargobrivi codna da zogadi unarebi, romlebsac daeufleba studenti saswavlo kursis gavlis Semdeg. kerZod, cod-na da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi.

14. swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebi. mocemul grafaSi unda aRiniSnos, Tu ra meTodeb-iT moxdeba studentebisaTvis codnis gadacema. mag. sokrates meTodi, verbaluri, anu zepirsityvieri meTodi, wignze muSaobis meTodi, laboratoriuli meTodi da demon-strirebis meTodi, praqtikuli meTodi, diskusia da debati, jgufuri muSaobis meTodi, problemebze dafuZnebuli swavleba, TanamSromlobiTi swavleba, evristikuli meTo-di, SemTxvevis analizi (Case Study), gonebrivi ieriSi (Brain storming), rolebi da situaci-uri TamaSebi, demonstrirebis meTodi, induqcia, deduqcia, analizi da sinTezi, axs-na-ganmartebis meTodi, qmedebaze orientirebuli swavleba, eleqtronuli swavleba da a.S.

15. saswavlo kursis gavlasTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi pirobebi. aRniSnuli ve-lis arseboba da misi Sevseba savaldebulo ar aris, Tumca, msgavsi pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Sevseba aucilebelia.

3.2.2. silabusis Sefasebis indikatorebi

mimoxilvis procesSi silabusebis Sefaseba ganxorcielda Semdegi indikatorebis mixedviT:1. silabusSi warmodgenili informaciis sisrule

• Sevsebulia yvela punqti• ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i• bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i

2. ECTS sistemis swori gamoyeneba

• kreditebi adekvaturad asaxavs studentis datvirTvas• kreditebi ar Seesabameba studentis datvirTvas• ver dgindeba kreditebis Sesabamisoba studentis datvirTvasTan, vinaidan ar

aris miTiTebuli asaTvisebeli masalis moculoba 3. kursis miznebi

• mkafiod aris formulirebuli • mkafiod formulirebuli ar aris

4. saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapirobebi

• winapirobebi Seesabameba kursis miznebs• winapirobebi ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs

5. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi

• Seesabameba kursis miznebs da swavlis Sedegebs• ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs da swavlis Sedegebs

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• miTiTebulia leqciis, seminaris, praqtikumis, laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema

• leqciis, seminaris, praqtikumis, laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema miTiTebu-li ar aris

• miTiTebulia dasamuSavebeli literaturis gverdebi• dasamuSavebeli literaturis gverdebi miTiTebuli ar aris

6. Sefasebis Sesabamisoba dadgenil wesTan (min. sami komponenti, maqsimum 40%, min-imum 30% saboloo gamocda, saboloo gamocdaSi savaldebulo weriTi komponenti da a.S.)

• sruli Sesabamisoba• sruli Seusabamoba• bolomde ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs

7. Sefasebis kriteriumebi

• miTiTebulia • ar aris miTiTebuli

8. savaldebulo literatura

• Seesabameba kursis miznebs • ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs • warmodgenilia Tanamedrove literatura • warmodgenilia moZvelebuli literatura

9. damatebiTi literatura da sxva saswavlo masala

• Seesabameba kursis miznebs • ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs • warmodgenilia Tanamedrove literatura • warmodgenilia moZvelebuli literatura

10. swavlis Sedegebi (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi)

• warmodgenilia • ar aris warmodgenili • arasrulad aris warmodgenili

11. Sesabamisoba kursis miznebsa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris

• sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs

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12. Sesabamisoba swavlis Sedegebsa da Sefasebis meTodebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba swavlis Sedegebs

13. swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebi

• miTiTebulia • ar aris miTiTebuli

mimoxilvaSi ar aris asaxuli TiToeuli sakvlevi universitetis programa da misi sagnebis kvlevis Sedegebi, konfidencialurobisa da universitetebTan SeTanxmebidan gamomdinare. Tumca, kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa mTeli rigi problemebi da Seusa-bamobebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad srulad moicavs qarTuli iuridiuli swav-leba idealuri ganaTlebis kriteriumebs.

3.2.3. Sefaseba

saxelmwifo universitetebi

xSiri problemebi• swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela savaraudo meTodi, rac ki

bunebaSi arsebobs. praqtikaSi yvela maTganis gamoyeneba Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia.

• swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki scdeba meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia dasaxuli Sedegis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba.

• swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli da CaSlili, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba gaxdes _ zog SemTxvevaSi ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki, yvela miTiTebulia mSralad (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi).

• ar aris miTiTebuli informacia, sagani savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. marTalia, aRniSnulis miTiTeba savaldebulo moTxovna ar aris, Tumca, rekomendirebulia, vinaidan es students gaumartivebs sagnis momzadebas silabusis safuZvelze.

• ar aris Sevsebuli grafa _ saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapiroba.

calkeuli problemebi

literatura: • konkretul sferoSi arsebobs sxva saxelmZRvanelo, romelic bevr universitet-

Si gamoiyeneba ZiriTad literaturad da konkretul silabusSi damatebiT lit-eraturadac ar aris miTiTebuli. aRniSnuli xarvezis safuZvelia silabusebis ganaxlebis deficiti. rodesac xdeba silabusis Sedgena, Semdgom is, rogorc wesi, aRar gadaixedeba da yovelwliurad avtomaturad xdeba maTi gamoyeneba.

• ar aris miTiTebuli damatebiTi literatura da sxva damxmare masala.• miTiTebuli literatura arasakmarisia.• struqturulad gaumarTavia saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi.

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formati:• ar aris Sevsebuli saswavlo kursis formati.• saswavlo kursis formati sxva grafebSia gaerTianebuli.

sxva:• bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli leqtoris monacemebis grafa, sadac ar aris mi-

TiTebuli leqtoris statusi, xarisxi da sakontaqto informacia.• swavlis winapiroba arasaTanadod aris gansazRvruli.

kerZo universitetebi

xSiri problemebi• saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi, zog SemTxvevaSi, arasaTanadod aris Camoyalibebuli,

xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, aklia gverdebis miTiTeba.• ar aris miTiTebuli leqtoris vinaoba, statusi da monacemebi.• kreditebi:

kreditebis raodenoba, realurad, studentis mier gasawev samuSaoze na-klebia

ar ikveTeba saaTobrivad studentis datvirTva• zedmetad farTod aris Camoyalibebuli saswavlo kursis miznebi.• swavlis Sedegebi ar aris CaSlili (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi ga-

moyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebule-bebi).

calkeuli problemebi• ar aris miTiTebuli saswavlo kursis statusi.• ar aris miTiTebuli saswavlo kursis formati.• ar aris miTiTebuli damatebiTi literatura.• savaldebulo literaturaze ar aris miTiTebuli gverdebi Tematikis mixedviT.• zedmetad farTod aris gansazRvrebuli saswavlo kursis dasaxeleba.• saswavlo kursis miznebi gaerTianebulia saswavlo kursis SedegebTan. zog

SemTxvevaSi, miznebi Zalian zogadad aris Camoyalibebuli.• mocemulia swavlis sakmaod bevri meTodi, romelic Teoriulad SesaZloa Sedegs

iZleodes, Tumca, realurad, yvela meTodis gamoyeneba, swavlebis formatidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia, anu zedmetad bevri meTodia Casmuli.

3.3. saganmanaTleblo programa

ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris 07.04.2011 wlis #188 brZaneba aregulirebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis rekomendaciebs.

aRniSnuli brZanebis me-5 muxli adgens saganmanaTleblo programis Sinaarss, romlis Tanaxmadac, saganmanaTleblo programaSi mieTiTeba:

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a) programis saxelwodeba;b) misaniWebeli kvalifikacia;g) programis moculoba kreditebiT;d) swavlebis ena;e) saganmanaTleblo programis mizani, romelic mimarTulia studentis kompetencieb-

is gamomuSavebasa da dasaqmebis sferos gansazRvraze;v) programaze daSvebis winapiroba;z) swavlis Sedegi;T) swavlis Sedegebis miRwevis meTodebi;i) studentis codnis Sefasebis sistema;k) saswavlo gegma, swavlebis organizebis Taviseburebebis miTiTebiT.

aseve programas unda axldes:a) saswavlo kursebis programebi (silabusebi);b) informacia saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli adami-

anuri da materialuri resursis Sesaxeb;g) programis damtkicebis aqti (saganmanaTleblo programa SemuSavebuli da damtkice-

buli unda iyos wesdebiT/debulebiT gansazRvruli wesiT).

brZanebis me-15 muxli adgens programis Sefasebis sistemas, romlis Tanaxmadac, dawe-sebulebas SemuSavebuli unda hqondes saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis Sefasebis sistema. sasurvelia, gamoiyenebodes akademiuri personalisa da studentTa gamokiTxvis formebi. dawesebulebis erT-erTi struqturuli erTeuli, saganmanaT-leblo programebis ganxorcielebis Sefasebis Sedegad, unda SeimuSavebdes rekomenda-ciebsa da Sesabamis samoqmedo gegmas saganmanaTleblo programebis Semdgomi sruly-ofis mizniT.

boloniis procesi iTvaliswinebs 10 ZiriTad amocanas: 1. advilad gasagebi da Sesadarebeli kvalifikaciebi;2. swavlebis samsafexuriani sistema (bakalavriati, magistratura, doqtorantura) da

erToblivi xarisxebi;3. sakredito sistema;4. mobiloba;5. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da akreditacia;6. evropuli ganaTlebis mimzidveloba;7. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da studentebi;8. cxovrebis manZilze swavla;9. socialuri ganzomileba umaRles ganaTlebaSi;10. ganaTlebisa da kvlevis Serwyma.

saganmanaTleblo programis SinaarsSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos:

1. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba;

2. erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos moTxovnebi;

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3. dargobrivi standarti (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);

4. sauniversiteto regulaciebi;

5. Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebi;

6. profesiuli organizaciebis moTxovnebi (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);

7. Sesabamis dargSi/qvedargSi arsebuli erovnuli tradicia;

8. dasavluri universitetebis gamocdileba;

9. dasavluri profesiuli standartebi (Tuningis dokumentebi, britaneTis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis saagentos dargobrivi aTvlis wertilebi da sxv.).

3.3.1. swavlis safexurebi

bakalavriati _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli safexuris saganmanaTle-blo programa, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi specialobis safuZvlebis swav-lebas, rac aucilebelia imisTvis, rom pirma imuSaos miniWebuli kvalifikaciiT da, aseve, magistraturaSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad (aranakleb 240 krediti);

bakalavriatis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis Semdeg misaniWebeli kvali-fikaciis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „bakalavri“ Sesabamisi mimarTulebis an/da dargis/specialobis miTiTebiT.

bakalavriatSi swavlis mizania, srul zogad ganaTlebaze maRali donis profesi-ul momzadebasTan erTad, saswavlo disciplinebis Teoriuli aspeqtebis SedarebiT Rrma aTviseba, rac kvleviTi xasiaTis programebiT amzadebs pirs magistraturaSi Semdgomi swavlisa da muSaobisaTvis, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili Sez-Rudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

magistratura _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis meore safexuris saganmanaTleb-lo programa, romelic moicavs samecniero kvlevis elementebs da miznad isaxavs bakalavris Semdgomi donis specialistis an mkvlevaris momzadebas, agreTve, pirs amzadebs miRebuli kvalifikaciiT muSaobisaTvis (aranakleb 120 krediti).

magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis Semdeg misaniWebeli kvali-fikaciis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „magistri“ Sesabamisi mimarTulebis, dargis/specialobis an/da qvedargis/specializaciis miTiTebiT.

magistraturaSi swavlis miznebia: a) samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobisa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi

pedagogiuri moRvaweobisaTvis momzadeba;b) specialobis Secvla;g) kvalifikaciis amaRleba.

magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programa, garda saxelovnebo da sasporto uma-Rlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis saSemsruleblo specialobebisa, ar Sei-Zleba Sedgebodes mxolod swavlebisagan. is aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes stu-dentis mier iseTi kvlevebis damoukideblad Catarebas, romelTa safuZvelzec, igi SeZlebs sakvalifikacio naSromis wardgenas.

doqtorantura _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis mesame safexuris saganmanaTleb-lo programa, saswavlo da samecniero-kvleviTi komponentebis erToblioba, romel-

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ic miznad isaxavs samecniero kadris momzadebas da mTavrdeba doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis miniWebiT (aranakleb 180 krediti).

doqtoranturis dasrulebisa da disertaciis dacvis SemTxvevaSi, doqtorants eni-Weba akademiuri xarisxi, romlis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „doqtori“ Se-sabamisi mimarTulebis an/da dargis/specialobis miTiTebiT.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba uzrunvelyofs doqtorants samecniero xelmZRvaneliT, uqmnis pirobebs samecniero kvlevaze orientirebuli samuSaos Casa-tareblad, romelic unda moicavdes dasabuTebul Teoriul an/da eqsperimentul Se-degebs, xels uwyobs doqtorantis integracias msoflio samecniero sazogadoebaSi.

3.3.2. kvalifikaciebis struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis44

2005 wlis 19-20 maiss umaRles ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeli evropeli ministrebis ber-genis konferenciam miiRo kvalifikaciebis saerTo struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis. igi moicavs sam safexurs, TiToeuli safexurisaTvis _ swavlis Sedegebsa da kompetenciebze dafuZnebul saerTo aRwerebsa da kreditebs _ pirveli da meore safexurisaTvis.

Sedegi ECTS krediti

pirveli safexuris kvalifikaciebi

pirveli safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi eni-Weba studentebs, romlebsac:

• gaaCniaT disciplinis codna, romelic zogad ganaTlebas emyareba, uzrunvelyofilia sko-lis Semdgomi donis saxelmZRvaneloebiT da moicavs am disciplinis mowinave aspeqtebs;

• SeuZliaT Tavisi codnisa da unarebis gamoyene-ba ise, rom warmoaCinon Tavisi samuSaosa an pro-fesiisadmi profesionaluri midgoma, gaaCniaT kompetenciebi, romelTa demonstrirebasac ax-denen argumentebis SemuSavebisa da maTi dacvis meSveobiT da wyveten Tavisi disciplinis prob-lemebs. gaaCniaT unari, Seagrovon da ganaxor-cielon Sesabamisi monacemebis interpretireba (Cveulebriv, TavianTi disciplinis fargleb-Si), raTa Camoayalibon mosazrebebi, romlebic asaxavs Sesabamis socialur, samecniero da eTi-kur sakiTxebs;

• SeuZliaT informaciis, ideebis, problemebisa da maTi gadaWris Sesaxeb komunikacia rogorc specialistebis, aseve araspecialistebis wre-Si;

• gamomuSavebuli aqvT swavlis iseTi unar-Cveve-bi, romlebic aucilebelia damoukideblad swavlis Semdgomi gagrZelebisaTvis.

Cveulebrivad, moicavs 180-240 kredits

44 www.bologna-bergen2005.no

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meore safexuris kvalifikaciebi

meore safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi eniWe-baT studentebs, romlebsac:

• gaaCniaT codna, romelic efuZneba da aRr-mavebs pirvel safexurze miRebul ganaTlebas da xSirad kvlevis konteqstSi uzrunvelyofs ideis originaluri ganviTarebis da/an gamoy-enebis safuZvels an SesaZleblobas;

• SeuZliaT codnisa da problemebis gadaWris unaris gamoyeneba axal an ucnob garemoSi Tavi-anT disciplinasTan dakavSirebul an momijnave (multidisciplinur) konteqstSi;

• gaaCniaT codnis integrirebis unari, SeuZli-aT Tavi gaarTvan sirTuleebs da arasrul an SezRudul informaciaze dayrdnobiT Camoay-alibon mosazrebebi, romlebSic maTi codnisa da mosazrebebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebu-li socialuri da eTikuri pasuxismgeblobebi aisaxeba;

• SeuZliaT TavianTi daskvnebis sajaro wardge-na, maTi mkafio dasabuTeba Sesabamisi codniTa da logikiT, rogorc specialistebTan, ise ar-aspecialistebTan;

• gaaCniaT swavlis iseTi unar-Cvevebi, romlebic TviTganmsazRvreli an damoukidebeli swavlis gagrZelebis saSualebas iZleva.

Cveulebrivad moicavs 90-120 kredits, minimum 60 krediti meore safexurze

mesame safexuris kvalifikaciebi

mesame safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi eniWebaT studentebs, romlebsac:

• gaaCniaT Tavis dargis/disciplinis sistemuri aRqmis unari da daxelovnebulni arian dargTan asocirebuli kvlevis meTodebSi;

• gaaCniaT kvlevis procesis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa da adaptirebis mecnieruli unari;

• originaluri kvlevebis meSveobiT SeaqvT TavianTi wvlili dargis ganviTarebaSi, romelic afarToebs codnis sazRvrebs da, romelic imsaxurebs asaxvas erovnul an saerTaSoriso referirebad publikaciebSi;

• SeuZliaT axali da kompleqsuri ideebis kritikuli analizi, Sefaseba da sinTezi;

• SeuZliaT komunikacia Tavis kolegebTan, mecnierTa farTo wreebTan da sazogadoebasTan TavianT sferoSi;

• codnaze dafuZnebul sazogadoebaSi akademiur da profesiul konteqstSi SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon teqnologiur, socialur da kulturul winsvlas.

ar aris gansazRvruli

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3.3.3. saganmanaTleblo programis komponentebi • programis saxelwodeba _ igi unda Seesabamebodes ama Tu im dargs/specialobas

an qvedargs/specializacias.• misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi _ regulirdeba saxelmwifos mier (magaliT-

ad, specialuri brZaneba, wesi, instruqcia, erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo da sxva).

• programis xelmZRvaneli.• programis mizani _ mkafiod, sasurvelia punqtobrivad, unda mieTiTos progra-

mis miznebi da aqtualoba. • swavlis Sedegebi _ swavlis Sedegebi unda aRiweros dargobrivi da zogadi

(transferuli) kompetenciebiT, eqvsi kriteriumis mixedviT: codna da gacno-biereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swav-lis unari, Rirebulebebi.

• dasaqmebis sferoebi _ programis mizandasaxuloba, Sinaarsi da struqtura, swa-vlis Sedegebi unda Seesabamebodes dasaqmebis miTiTebul sferoebsa da saqarT-velos kanonmdeblobas.

• swavlis gagrZelebis saSualeba _ SesaZlebelia mieTiTos, Tu romeli profi-lis programebze SeZlebs swavlis gagrZelebas aRniSnuli programis kursdamTa-vrebuli (unda mieTiTos programebis zogadi profili da ara amJamad arsebuli programebis saxelwodebebi, vinaidan isini SeiZleba Seicvalos).

• programaze daSvebis winapiroba da studentTa maqsimaluri raodenoba _ sx-vadasxva safexuris programas SeiZleba daSvebis sxvadasxva winapiroba hqondes (wina safexuris garkveuli klasifikacia, esa Tu is saswavlo kursi da sxva). Sesa-Zlebelia studentTa raodenobis SezRudvac resursebidan gamomdinare.

• programis struqtura (saswavlo gegma) _ unda mieTiTos Sesabamisi savaldebu-lo da arCeviTi modulebi, saswavlo kursebi da maTi kreditebi. sasurvelia, saswavlo kursebis (modulebis) kreditebi 5-is jeradi iyos. programaSi (mis mo-dulSi) warmodgenili arCeviTi saswavlo kursebis kreditebis raodenoba nakle-bi unda iyos studentis mier asarCevi sagnebis kreditebis raodenobaze.

• programis materialur-teqnikuri baza _ miuTiTeT Sesabamisi kompiuteruli resurs-centri, biblioTeka, laboratoria da sxva.

• sadoqtoro programis saxeebi _ sadoqtoro programa SeiZleba iyos dargobri-vi, dargTaSorisi an Tematuri.

ZiriTadi (major) da damatebiTi (minor) specialobebis kombinaciebi

erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos moTxovnaa) ZiriTadi specialoba da Tavisufali komponentebi;b) ZiriTadi specialoba, damatebiTi specialoba da Tavisufali komponentebi;g) ZiriTadi da ori damatebiTi specialoba.

ori ZiriTadi specialobis (double major) upiratesoba• dasaqmebisa da swavlis gagrZelebis ufro farTo areali (dasaqmebis maCveneblis

zrda);• dRevandel Sromis bazarze naklebad orientirebuli specialobebis intereseb-

is dacva;

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• specialobebs Soris raodenobrivi balansis aRdgena; • kvalifikaciis miniWebis problema _ Tu studentma ori specialobis yvela moTx-

ovna Seasrula.

3.3.4. programis Sefasebis indikatorebi

1. warmodgenili informaciis sisrule • Sevsebulia yvela punqti • ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i• bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i

2. programis Sesabamisoba erovnul sakvalifikacio CarCosTan

• Seesabameba • ar Seesabameba

3. misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxis erovnul sakvalifikacio CarCosTan Sesabami-

soba• Seesabameba • ar Seesabameba

4. misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad (BA, BSc, BBA, MA, MSc, MBA, PhD ...)

• miTiTebulia sworad • ar aris sworad miTiTebuli

5. programis xelmZRvanelis kvalifikacia

• Seesabameba programis miznebs • ar Seesabameba programis miznebs

6. programis sakvalifikacio daxasiaTebis damajerebloba

• programis mizani Camoyalibebulia kargad • programis mizani mkafiod gansazRvruli ar aris • programis Sedegebi Camoyalibebulia kargad • programis Sedegebi mkafiod gansazRvruli ar aris • dasaqmebis sferoebi miTiTebulia sworad • dasaqmebis sferoebi sworad miTiTebuli ar aris

7. Sesabamisoba programis mizansa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris

• sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba

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8. Sesabamisoba programis struqturasa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba

9. arCeviTi sagnebis raodenoba

• Seesabameba sauniversiteto regulaciebs • ar Seesabameba sauniversiteto regulaciebs

10. ECTS kreditebi • programaSi sworad aris ganawilebuli • programaSi sworad ar aris ganawilebuli • saswavlo kursebs sworad aqvT miTiTebuli • saswavlo kursebs sworad ar aqvT miTiTebuli

11. saswavlo praqtika

• programa ar iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, radgan mas es ar moeTxoveba • programa ar iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, Tumca, mas es moeTxoveba • programa iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, magram ara saTanado moculobiT • programa iTvaliswinebs praqtikas saTanado moculobiT

12. materialur-teqnikuri baza (infrastruqtura)

• uzrunvelyofs programis ganxorcielebas • ver uzrunvelyofs programis Catarebas

13. biblioTeka • uzrunvelyofs programis/kvlevis ganxorcielebas • ver uzrunvelyofs programis/kvlevis ganxorcielebas

14. swavlis gagrZelebis saSualeba • miTiTebulia sworad • sworad miTiTebuli ar aris • saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli

15. programaze miRebis winapirobebi

• winapirobebi Seesabameba programis miznebs • winapirobebi ar Seesabameba programis miznebs

16. daskvna • programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia

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• programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia, magram momavalSi sasurvelia progra-mis Semdgomi srulyofa (konkretuli ganmartebebi)

• programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia garkveuli SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswine-bis Semdeg (konkretuli SeniSvnebi da maTi gaTvaliswinebis vada)

• programas ar eZleva rekomendacia (dasabuTebuli pasuxi)

3.3.5. saganmanaTleblo programebis Sefaseba

rogorc es mimoxilvis procesSi gamoikveTa, saganmanaTleblo programebis didi nawili kvalificiurad aris Sedgenili da ar vlindeba moqmed kanonmdeblobasTan maTi SeuTavsebloba. aqedan gamomdinare, kvlevas problemebis sixSire ar warmouCenia. amitom gTavazobT calkeul problemebs:

saxelmwifo universitetebi

calkeuli problemebi:• saganmanaTleblo programis Sedegebi ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da

ikveTeba miznebTan misi Sesabamisobis problema.• programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesa-

bamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba moTxovnebs.

• biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S.

• programaSi vxvdebiT arCeviTi sagnebis simcires.• kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa.• programa Zalian zogadi teqstebiT aris dawerili, konkretuli faqtebisa da ar-

gumentebis gareSe.• misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli.

kerZo universitetebi

calkeuli problemebi:• misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli.• dasaqmebis sferoebi ar aris miTiTebuli.• saswavlo kursebze kreditebis gadanawileba ar ikveTeba.• programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesa-

bamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba moTxovnebs.

• biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S.

yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom praqtikul doneze ZiriTad problemebs vxvdebiT saswavlo kursis programebSi, romelTa dadgenil normebTan Seusabamobasac sistematuri xasiaTi aqvs rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi, xolo saganmanaTleblo programebi kvalificiur donezea momzadebuli.

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4. Tvisebrivi kvleva

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikis, aseve qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilvis safuZvelze, ganxorcielda Tvisebrivi kvlevis sawarmoeblad aucilebeli Teoriuli masalis damuSaveba da informaciis Segroveba, ris mixedviTac ganisazRvra sadiskusio sakiTxebi fokus-jgufebisTvis.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTad mizans, garda damsaqmebelTa moTxovnis Seswavlisa, warmoadgenda raodenobrivi kvlevis kiTxvarisTvis iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi cvladebis determinacia.

4.1. Tvisebrivi kvlevis gzamkvlevi

damuSavebuli Teoriuli masalis safuZvelze, momzadda gzamkvlevi, romelic moicavda Semdeg ZiriTad kiTxvebs:1. eweva Tu ara Tqveni organizacia iuridiul momsaxurebas, Tu mxolod sargeblobs

iuristis momsaxurebiT?2. Tqveni azriT, ra kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes iuridiuli ganaTleba, rom

mas xarisxiani vuwodoT. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis romel gazomvad indika-torebs gamoyofdiT (ra kompetenciebi unda hqondes iuridiuli fakultetis kurs-damTavrebuls _ bakalavrs/magistrs).

3. gTxovT SeafasoT sauniversiteto iuridiuli ganaTlebis produqti _ kursdam-Tavrebulebi, romlebic dasaqmebisaTvis konkurenciaSi erTvebian Sromis bazarze; ra dadebiT da uaryofiT niSnebs gamoyofdiT maT kvalifikaciaSi? raSi arian Zlier-ebi da uWirT yvelaze metad?

4. rogor migaCniaT, unda hqondes Tu ara universitetebs mWidro urTierTobebi po-tenciur damsaqmeblebTan, dResdReobiT ra viTarebaa am kuTxiT saqarTveloSi (zogadi Sefaseba).

5. rogor SeafasebT „iuridiul klinikas“? ramdenad efeqturia igi profesiuli ganvi-Tarebis TvalsazrisiT? asrulebs Tu ara Tqveni organizacia „iuridiuli klinikis“ rols romelime umaRlesi saswavleblisTvis? Tqveni azriT, „iuridiuli klinika“ unda arsebobdes universitetebis bazaze Tu universitetebis gareT?

6. Tqvens organizacias hqonia/aqvs Tu ara erToblivi proeqtebi universitetebTan/iuridiul fakultetebTan? (Tu diax) moiyvaneT magaliTebi, aRwereT, ramdenad efeqturi iyo/aris aRniSnuli TanamSromloba da miuTiTeT samomavlo perspeqtivis Sesaxeb.

7. ra tipis moTxovnebs uyenebs dResdReobiT Sromis bazari iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs?

8. ramdenad Seesabameba saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi adgilobrivi ba-zris moTxovnebs? saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs?

9. rogor SeafasebT iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone dasaqmebis msurvelTa nakads Tqveni organizaciis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare? warmoadgens Tu ara sirTules profe-sionali iuristis moZieba?

10. SegiZliaT Tu ara TqvaT, rom dasaqmebis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia romelime uni-versitet(eb)is iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulTa Soris da/an im pirTa Soris, romlebmac ganaTleba sazRvargareT miiRes? gTxovT, daasabuToT da daas-axeloT magaliTebi.

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11. ra etapebi unda gaiaros iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirma, Tqvens organizaciaSi rom dasaqmdes? hyavs Tu ara Tqvens organizacias staJiori iuristebi?

12. ramdenad aqvT Tqvens organizaciaSi dasaqmebul iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs profesiuli ganviTarebis da karieruli zrdis SesaZlebloba? konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es? aris Tu ara kvalificiuri iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pire-bis gadinebis safrTxe Tqveni tipis organizaciebidan?

13. arsebobs midgoma, romlis Tanaxmadac, ar aris aucilebeli, iuridiuli fakulte-tis studentma specializacia romelime mimarTulebiT miiRos universitetSi. uni-versitetSi is unda Camoyalibdes zogadi profilis iuristad da ama Tu im mimar-TulebiT daspecializdes organizaciaSi muSaobis procesSi, mis mier yvelaze xSir-ad ganxiluli qeisebis Sesabamisad. ramdenad eTanxmebiT am mosazrebas da aZlevs Tu ara Tqveni organizacia specializaciis SesaZleblobas iurists?

14. Tqvenze rom iyos damokidebuli, ra saxis cvlilebebs SeitandiT iuridiuli ganaT-lebis sistemaSi saqarTveloSi (xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis Tvalsaz-risiT)? (mag: interaqtiuli praqtikuli savarjiSoebis intensiuri gamoyeneba le-qciebze, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis analizis dawera, kazusebis amoxsnis praq-tika da a.S.).

15. dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi rogor xdeba iuristebis e.w. profesiaSi miReba da ro-gor unda xdebodes? (belgiis magaliTi: advokatis profesia _ pirs, romelsac aqvs magistris diplomi, samwliani staJireba unda gaiaros advokatTan, romelic 5 welze metia advokatTa siis wevri.

staJirebis ganmavlobaSi:1. staJiorma unda iaros saadvokato biuroSi da daeswros misi xelmZRvanelis

procesebs;2. monawileoba miiRos socialurad daucvelTaTvis iuridiuli daxmarebis gawev-

aSi;3. daeswros advokatTa profesiis sertificirebis biuros mier organizebul sem-

inarebs da konferenciebs, aseve, sasamarTloSi gamosvlis savarjiSoebs;4. warmarTos minimum 15 sasamarTlo procedura (sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvidan

mis dasrulebamde), an siRrmiseuli monawileoba miiRos 30 saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis momzadebaSi;

5. samwliani staJirebis dasrulebis Semdeg, staJiorma unda Caabaros advokatTa profesiis sertificirebis biuros mier organizebuli gamocda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli gzamkvlevi axdenda diskusiisTvis mimarTulebis micemas, Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom jgufuri ganxilva cocxali procesia, xdeboda kvlevis miznebze orientirebuli damatebiTi kiTxvebis dasma.

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4.2. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi

raodenobrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi

4.2.1. zogadi ganwyobebi

oTxive samizne jgufis respondentebis (bakalavrebi, magistrantebi, doqtorantebi, profesor-maswavleblebi) gamokveTili umravlesobis (70%-ze meti) azriT, saqarT-veloSi mwvave problemas warmoadgens xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miReba (ix. di-agrama #1):

diagrama #1

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 4 qulian skalaze, sadac qula 1 aRniSnavs „saerTod ar aris problema“, xolo qula 4 - „Zalze mwvave problemaa“. monacemebi 2.5-is zemoT qmnis problemis simwvavis vels.

raodenobrivi kvlevis Sedegebis analizisas iqmneba erTgvari uCveulo suraTi, radgan gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze saubrisas, mas afasebs, rogorc “mwvave” problemas. imavdroulad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Sefaseba ufro metad dadebiTia, vidre uaryofiTi. Tumca, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ukmayofiloTa nawils, romelic SedarebiT mcirea, magram - gasaTvaliswinebeli. magaliTad: Tu 10 studentidan 4 studentia ukmayofilo da 6 kmayofili, umravlesoba kmayofili gamodis, Tumca, SesaZloa, 4 studentis azri Tav-isi ~woniT~ ufro mniSvnelovania, Tu saqme karg da motivirebul studentebTan gvaqvs,

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romlebic viTarebas ufro kritikulad uyureben. saSualo monacemebi asaxavs zogad tendencias, romelSic umravlesobis azrs upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tumca, Cven aqcenti unda davsvaT ara mxolod zogad tendenciaze, aramed uaryofiTad ganwyobil-Ta kritikul raodenobazec. imavdroulad, amgvari Sedegi SesaZloa asaxavdes studen-tebis gulgril damokidebulebas saswavlo procesis mimarT da kritikuli masis nak-lebobas, rac, Tavisi arsiT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani problemaa saqarTvelos iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi.

respondentebi (yvela jgufSi) dadebiTad afaseben iuridiuli profilis mqone TiTqmis yvela kategoriis specialistis (mosamarTleebi, advokatebi, prokurorebi/gamomZieblebi, notariusebi, iuriskonsultebi) kvalifikacias. erTaderTi gamonakli-sia gamomZieblebi/prokurorebi, romelTa kvalifikacia uaryofiTad fasdeba profe-sor-maswavleblebis jgufSi. kvalifikaciis pozitiuri Sefasebis velSi yvelaze metad dawinaurebulni arian notariusebi da mosamarTleebi, xolo SedarebiT naklebad - iuriskonsultebi da advokatebi (ix. diagrama #2):

diagrama #2

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 5 qulian skalaze, sadac 1 aRniSnavs „Zalze uaryofiT Sefasebas“, xolo 5 - „Zalze dadebiT Sefasebas“. skalis neitraluri punq-tia 3. monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze naklebia, Seesabameba dabali Sefasebis vels, xolo monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze metia, maRali Sefasebis vels.

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilvisas irkveva, rom prokurorTa kvalifikaciis uaryofiTi Sefaseba kerZo universitetebis profesor maswavleblebs gamoarCevs (MEAN = 2.6), gansxvavebiT saxelmwifo universitetebis mas-wavleblebisagan (MEAN = 3.0).

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iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebidan, uary-ofiTi Sefasebis velSi xvdeba zogadad regionuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo). oTxive kategoriis respondentTa dadebiT Sefasebas imsax-urebs yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba - gansakuTrebiT, iusticiis umaR-lesi skola. Tumca, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi narCundeba sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mimarT Semdegi prioritetulobiT: saqarTvelos iusticiis saswavlo centri, saias iuridiuli swavlebisa da informaciis centri, TbilisSi arsebuli sax-elmwifo da kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebi. amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom respondent-Ta mniSvnelovan raodenobas (15-35%) sxvadasxva jgufebSi gauWirda sxvadasxva sagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebebis Sefaseba (iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis Tval-sazrisiT), umaRlesi saswavleblebis (universitetebis) garda.

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom TbilisSi arsebuli kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis mimarT dadebiTi Sefaseba ufro mZafria kerZo universitetebis yvela samizne jgufis respondentebs Soris, saxelmwi-fo universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT.

4.2.2. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi

saswavlo programebi

iuridiul fakultetebze arsebuli saswavlo programebi samive (bakalavriatis, magis-traturis da doqtoranturis) doneze, yvela samizne jgufSi, dadebiTad fasdeba ro-gorc zogadad, ise programis calkeuli komponentebis mixedviT. yvela komponentis Sefasebis saSualo maCvenebeli (Mean), Sefasebis 5 qulian skalaze, neitralur punqtze (Mean = 3) maRalia da xSir SemTxvevaSi 4 qulasac aWarbebs. gamokveTilad pozitiuri Sefaseba, yvela samizne jgufSi da yvela donis saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi, wilad xvda or komponents: profesorTa kvalifikacias da saswavlo programaSi saval-debulo sagnebis raodenobas.

SedarebiT kritikuli damokidebuleba respondentebma, yvela saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi, gamoamJRavnes iseTi komponentebis mimarT, rogoricaa teqnikuri saSuale-bebiT (proeqtori, kompiuteri, printeri da sxv.) da Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebiT uzrunvelyofa. magistrantebis da doqtorantebis jgufebSi kritika Seexo programis kvleviT komponentsac, xolo doqtorantebma da profesor-maswavleblebma miuTiTes sadoqtoro programaSi qarTul enaze saswavlo masalebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Sesaxeb (ix. diagramebi ##3-6):

64

diagrama #3

diagrama #4

65

diagrama #5

diagrama #6

66

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 5 qulian skalaze, sadac 1 aRniSnavs „Zal-ze uaryofiT Sefasebas“, xolo 5 - „Zalze dadebiT Sefasebas“. skalis neitraluri pun-qtia 3. monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze naklebia, Seesabameba dabali Sefasebis vels, xolo monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze metia, maRali Sefasebis vels.

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom yvela donis saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi praqtikulad yvela komponents gac-ilebiT dadebiTad afaseben kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebi, saxelm-wifo umaRles saswavleblebSi gamokiTxulebTan SedarebiT (saSualo maCveneblebi, rogorc wesi, moqceulia 4 da 5 qulebs Soris kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis warmo-madgenlebs Soris). TviT iseT komponentTan mimarTebaSic ki, rogoricaa teqnikuri saSualebebi (proeqtori, kompiuteri, printeri da sxv.), romlebic SedarebiT kritiku-lad fasdeba samizne jgufebis saerTo SerCevaSi, kerZo universitetebis warmomadgen-lebSi calsaxad dadebiTadaa Sefasebuli.

profesor-maswavlebelTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (70%-ze meti) adasturebs sabakalavro da samagistro programebSi iuridiuli praqtikis/klinikis komponentis arsebobas; meore mxriv, doqtorantTa 60% miuTiTebs doqtorantebis programaSi praqtikis/klinikis arsebobis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRmoCnda, iuridiuli praqtikis/klinikis gasavlelad bakalavrebisTvis da magistrantebisTvis yvelaze gavrcelebuli adgilebia Tavad universitetebSi arsebuli iuridiuli klinikebi, sasamarTloebi, saadvokato organizaciebi da organizaciebi, romlebsac iuridiuli samsaxuri gaaCnia. doqtorantebisaTvis iuridiuli praqtikis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa universitetSi leqtorad/leqtoris TanaSemwed muSaoba. praqtikis adgilebSi samizne jgufebSi, ZiriTadad, dadebiTad aris Sefasebuli.

samarTlis saganmanaTleblo programis dargobrivi maxasiaTebliT gansazRvruli swavlis Sedegebis mniSvnelovneba da realizacia

yvela samizne jgufSi Zalze maRal mniSvnelobas aniWeben sabakalavro da samagistro programebis swavlis Sedegebs, romlebsac gansazRvravs ganaTlebis xarisxis ganvi-Tarebis erovnuli centris mier damtkicebuli samarTlis saganmanaTleblo programis dargobrivi maxasiaTebeli. saSualo mniSvnelobebi (Mean), praqtikulad yvela Sedeg-Tan mimarTebaSi, dadebiT Sefasebis maqsimalur zRvarTan (5 qulian skalaze) axlosaa (meryeobs 4.5-4.8 qulebis farglebSi).

rac Seexeba swavlis Sedegebis realizacias moqmedi sabakalavro da samagistro pro-gramebis farglebSi, aq dadebiTi maCveneblebis koeficienti iklebs (Tumca, rCeba dadebiTi Sefasebis velSi).

SedarebiT kritikulad respondentebi afaseben Semdegi Sedegebis realizacias sa-bakalavro programaSi: a) „aqvs informaciis mSobliur da ucxour enebze moZiebis da iuridiuli terminologiis gamoyenebiT zepiri da werilobiT formiT gadacemis un-ari“; b) „SeuZlia iuridiuli Sinaarsis dokumentebis (normatiuli aqtis proeqtis, xelSekrulebis, saCivris, sarCelis da a.S.) Sedgena“; g) „aqvs samarTlebrivi problemis mravalmxrivi xedvisa da analizis safuZvelze misi gadawyvetis Tezisis ganviTarebisa da SerCeuli midgomis dasabuTebis unari“. samagistro programaSi met-naklebad kriti-kuli Sefasebebi ukavSirdeba Semdegi Sedegebis realizacias: a) „SeuZlia werilobiTi da zepiri formiT mSobliur da ucxour enebze gadasces sakuTari samarTlebrivi daskvne-bi da argumentebi“ da b) „mxareTa interesebis samarTlianad dabalansebis uzrunvel-

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sayofad aanalizebs arsebul samarTlebriv Rirebulebebs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, wvlili Seaqvs axali Rirebulebebis formirebaSi“.

studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebTan SedarebiT, ufro kritikulad afaseben baka-lavriatsa da magistraturaSi swavlis Sedegebis realizaciis uzrunvelyofas.

kvlevis Sedegebi (saSualo maCveneblebi/Mean)23 detalurad mocemulia cxrilebSi ##1,2:

cxrili #1

bakalavriatis saganmanaTleblo programis swavlis Sedegebi

ramdenad mniSvnelovania

(Mean)

ramdenad uzrunvelyofs

(Mean)

baka

lav

reb

i

mag

ist

ran

teb

i

do

qto

ran

teb

i

pro

fes

or

-ma

swav

leb

leb

i

baka

lav

reb

i

mag

ist

ran

teb

i

do

qto

ran

teb

i

of

eso

r-

masw

avl

ebl

ebi

1 aqvs erovnuli samarTlis sistemis ZiriTadi Tav-iseburebebis, principebisa da institutebis far-To, xolo sajaro, kerZo, sisxlis an saerTaSoriso samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna

4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.5

2 gacnobierebuli aqvs samarTlis arsi da samarTlis fundamenturi principebis mniSvneloba samarTle-brivi sistemis formirebisaTvis

4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5

3 icis ganmartebis (kanonis) meTodebi 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.5

4 icis saxelmwifo mowyobisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sakiTxebi

4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.5

5 icis adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.6

6 icis saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi

4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.4

7 icis saxelSekrulebo da kanonismieri valdebulebiTi urTierTobebi

4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.6

8 icis qonebrivi samarTali 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.5

9 kursdamTavrebulma icis administraciuli samarTlis arsi da principebi

4.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.5

10 icis danaSaulis arsi, saxeebi da sisxlissamarTle-brivi pasuxismgeblobis Taviseburebebi

4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.6

11 icis samoqalaqo, administraciuli da sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba

4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.4

12 icis qarTuli samarTlis istoriuli wyaroebi 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.3

23 შეფასებები გაკეთდა 5 ქულიან სკალაზე, სადაც 1 აღნიშნავს „ძალზე უარყოფით შეფასებას“, ხოლო 5 – „ძალზე დადებით შეფასებას“. სკალის ნეიტრალური პუნქტია 3. მონაცემები, რომლებიც 3-ზე ნაკლებია, შეესაბამება დაბალი შეფასების ველს, ხოლო მონაცემები, რომლებიც 3-ზე მეტია, მაღალი შეფასების ველს.

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13 aqvs samarTlebrivi problemebis identificirebis, maTi gadawyvetisaTvis normatiuli safuZvlebis moZiebis, ganmartebisa da gamoyenebis unari

4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.3

14 SeuZlia iuridiuli Sinaarsis dokumentebis (normatiuli aqtis proeqtis, xelSekrulebis, saCivris, sarCelis da a.S.) Sedgena

4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.3

15 aqvs samarTlebrivi problemis mravalmxrivi xedvisa da analizis safuZvelze misi gadawyvetis Tezisis ganviTarebisa da SerCeuli midgomis dasabuTebis unari

4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.2

16 aqvs informaciis mSobliur da ucxour enebze moZiebis da iuridiuli terminologiis gamoyenebiT zepiri da werilobiT formiT gadacemis unari

4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1

17 aqvs sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis, sasamarTlo praqtikis, mecnierebis siaxleebis midevnebisa da codnis mudmivad ganaxlebis unari

4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2

18 icnobs iuristis saqmianobis eTikis farglebs. mowodebulia, xeli Seuwyos individTa uflebebis ganxorcielebas da imoqmedos samarTlianobis, adamianis uflebebis, socialuri da demokratiuli faseulobebis gaTvaliswinebiT

4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.3

69

cxrili #2

magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programis swavlis Sedegebi

ramdenad mniSvnelovania

(Mean)

ramdenad uzrunvelyofs

(Mean)

mag

ist

ran

teb

i

do

qto

ran

teb

i

pro

fes

or

-ma

swav

leb

leb

i

mag

ist

ran

teb

i

do

qto

ran

teb

i

of

eso

r-

masw

avl

ebl

ebi

1 aqvs swavlebis sferos Rrma da sistemuri codna, rac aZlevs dasmuli kompleqsuri problemebis gadawyvetis axleburi xedvis formirebis SesaZleblobas. gacnobierebuli aqvs Sesabamisi sferosaTvis mikuTvnebuli sakiTxebis gadaWris gzebi

4.7 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.5

2 ganmartebis meTodebis gamoyenebiT SeuZlia samarTlebrivi problemebis kompleqsuri Sefaseba da problemebis gadawyvetis originaluri gzebis SemuSaveba

4.7 4.8 4.8 3.9 4.0 4.4

3 axleburi sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebis, sasamarTlo praqtikisa an mecnieruli midgomebis pirobebSi SeuZlia cvlilebis analizi da gamomdinare daskvnis Camoyalibeba

4.7 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.5

4 SeuZlia akademiur da profesiul sazogadoebas werilobiTi da zepiri formiT mSobliur da ucxour enebze gadasces sakuTari samarTlebrivi daskvnebi da argumentebi

4.7 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.0 4.2

5 SeuZlia damoukideblad gansazRvros Teoriuli komponentebisa da praqtikuli gamocdilebis sinTezi, gaifarToos codna Sesabamisi sferos uaxles meTodebze dayrdnobiT, pirveladi wyaroebis, samecniero statiebisa da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis ganzogadebuli analizis meSveobiT

4.7 4.7 4.8 3.9 4.1 4.4

6 mxareTa interesebis samarTlianad dabalansebisuzrunvelsayofad aanalizebs arsebul samarTlebriv Rirebulebebs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, wvlili Seaqvs axali Rirebulebebis formirebaSi

4.6 4.5 4.7 3.8 3.9 4.3

70

saswavlo programebis sxvadasxva komponenti

kvlevam gamoavlina, rom iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebs Cavardna aqvs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac ar aZlevs studentebs SesaZleblobas, waikiTxon ucxoenovani saswavlo masala, ganacxadi gaakeTon ucxoeTis programebSi monawileobaze da a.S. uaryofiTadaa Sefasebuli, agreTve, is, rom ucxoeli profe-sorebi ar iReben monawileobas saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebaSi.

gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro pro-grama sTavazobs studentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs, sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da rom sa-bakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva. re-spondentebis erTmniSvnelovani poziciaa, rom saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebaSi aRmofxvrilia korufcia da proteqcia. yvelaze naklebad, ama Tu im niSniT, saswavlo programebs profesor-maswavleblebi akritikeben.

detalurad Sedegebi ixileT cxrilSi #3:

cxrili #3

debulebebi bakala-vrebi(Mean)

magistran-tebi

(Mean)

doqtoran-tebi

(Mean)

profesor-maswav-

leblebi(Mean)

1 samagistro programa sTavazobs stu-dentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvave-bul) kursebs, sabakalavro progra-masTan SedarebiT

. 3.3 3.8 4.1

2 saswavlo programa saSualebas iZle-va, rom studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia (an specialuri mod-ulebis/koncentraciebis, an arCevi-Ti sagnebis SerCevis safuZvelze)

3.4 3.8 3.7 4.2

3 doqtoranturaSi kargi pirobebia imisTvis, rom dagegmo da Caataro kv-leva da vadebSi daicva sadoqtoro disertacia

. . 3.8 4.1

4 ucxo enis swavleba iseT donezea, rom saSualebas aZlevs students waikiTxos ucxoenovani saswavlo ma-sala, ganacxadi gaakeTos ucxoeTis programebSi monawileobaze da a.S.

2.2 2.5 3.0 3.4

5 saswavlo programis ganxorcieleba-Si aqtiurad monawileoben praqtiko-si iuristebi, romlebic leqciebze praqtikul SemTxvevebs („qeisebs“) aanalizeben

3.7 3.8 4.2 4.4

6 sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba eqceva

3.1 3.7 3.8 3.9

71

7 samagistro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba eqceva

. 4.1 4.0 4.4

8 saswavlo programebis ganxorciele-baSi monawileoben ucxoeli profe-sorebi

2.4 2.9 3.2 3.2

9 saswavlo kursebSi studentis Sesafaseblad qulebi obieqturad iwereba

3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5

10 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebis procesSi aRmofxvrilia proteqcia

4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6

11 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebis procesSi aRmofxvrilia korufcia

4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom saxelmwifo universitetebis warmomadgenlebi gacilebiT kritikul damokidebule-bas amJRavneben saswavlo programebis ama Tu im niSniT daxasiaTebisas, kerZo universi-tetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT. kerZo universitetebSi gamokiTxulTa dadeb-iTi damokidebuleba TviT iseT maxasiaTeblebTan mimarTebaSic ki ikveTeba, romlebsac saerTo SerCevaSi SedarebiT dabali maCveneblebi aqvT (kerZod, es exeba ucxo enebis swavlebis dones, ucxoeli profesorebis monawileobas saswavlo programebSi, sabaka-lavro naSromebis momzadebis dones da sxv.).

iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebSi studentTa Sefasebis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli formaa seminarze aqtiuroba. gamoyenebis kargi maCveneblebi aqvs, agreTve, testirebas, rogorc Sualeduri an saboloo gamocdis formas.

yvelaze naklebad saswavlo programebSi iyeneben zepir prezentacias, rogorc sab-oloo an Sualeduri gamocdis formas. iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, agreTve, esse/angariSi/referati (saboloo an Sualeduri gamocdis saxiT).

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom kerZo universitetebi ufro xSirad iyeneben (saxelmwifo universitetebTan Sedare-biT) Sefasebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa qvizebi, aseve, esse/angariSi/referati.

iuridiuli fakultetebis didi nawili sxvadasxva universitetSi mimarTavs yoveli semestris bolo studentebis gamokiTxvas saswavlo programis kursebis Sefasebis da studentebis ukugebis miRebis mizniT (amas, magaliTad, gamokiTxuli profesor-maswav-leblebis 55% adasturebs).

4.2.3. bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba da profesiaSi „Sesvlis“ moTxovnebi

oTxive samizne jgufis gamokveTil (zogjer - did) umravlesobas miaCnia, rom univer-sitetebSi miRebuli sabakalavro ganaTleba sakmarisia advokatebis sakvalifikacio, agreTve, magistraturis gamocdebis Casabareblad. damatebiT, magistrantebs, do-qtorantebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs sabakalavro ganaTleba sakmarisad miaCni-aT notariusis gamocdebis Casabareblad da kvalificiur iuristad samuSaod ama Tu im dawesebulebaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze frTxilebi (TviTkritikulebi) Tavad bakalavriatis studentebi aRmoCndnen: maTi poziciebi gaiyo imasTan dakavSirebiT, ramdenad sakmarisia bakalavriatSi miRebuli ganaTleba notariusis gamocdebis Casab-

72

areblad da dawesebulebaSi kvalificiur iuristad samuSaod. (magaliTad, gamokiTxu-li bakalavri studentebis 45.5% Tvlis, rom maTi ganaTleba sakmarisia organizaciaSi kvalificiur iuristad dasaqmebisTvis, xolo praqtikulad amdenive nawili miiCnevs, rom ar aris sakmarisi) (ix. diagrama #7):

diagrama #7

ufro optimisturia magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba: magis-trantebis, doqtorantebisa da profesor-maswavleblebis umravlesoba (62-82%-is farglebSi) miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli codna sakmarisia: iusticiis umaRlesi skolis, prokuroris, advokatebisa da notariusis gamocdebis Casabareblad, aseve _ romelime dawesebulebaSi kvalificiuri iuristobisTvis.

oTxive samizne jgufis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom mxolod magistraturis kursdam-Tavrebulebs unda mieniWoT Semdegi sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis ufleba:mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocda;advokatis sakvalifikacio gamocda.

prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdasTan mimarTebiT bakalavriatis studentebis mo-sazrebebi gansxvavdeba sxva samizne jgufebis xedvisgan. magistrantebis, doqtoran-tebisa da profesor-maswavleblebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom prokuroris sakval-ifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis ufleba mxolod magistraturis kursdamTavrebulebs unda mieniWoT. xolo, bakalavriatis studentebis azri gayofilia - erTi nawili (47.6%) miiCnevs, rom rogorc magistraturis, ise bakalavriatis kursdamTavrebulebs unda hqondeT prokuroris gamocdis Cabarebis ufleba, xolo meore nawili (48.4%) fiqrobs, rom es mxolod magistrebis prerogativa SeiZleba iyos.

notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis uflebis miniWebis mimarT doqto-

73

rantebis damokidebuleba gansxvavdeba sxva samizne jgufebis xedvisgan. yoveli meore gamokiTxuli doqtoranti miiCnevs, rom notariusis gamocdis Cabarebis ufleba mx-olod magistrebs unda mieniWoT. sxva samizne jgufebis umravlesoba ki miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli ufleba bakalavrebsac unda mieniWoT (ix. diagrama #8):

diagrama #8

4.2.4. sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebuleba

mocemul SemTxvevaSi, damokidebulebebi gaizoma sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Sesax-eb sxvadasxva SefasebiTi debulebebis mimarT daTanxmebis xarisxis mixedviT 5 qulian skalaze (qula 1: `sruliad ar veTanxmebi“, qula 5: „sruliad veTanxmebi“).

mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebTan mimarTebaSi oTxive samizne jgufSi maRali Sefasebis velSi eqceva (Mean q 4-ze) sakvalifikacio gamocdis testebis kvalificiurad Sedgenisa da testirebis procesis proteqciisgan daculobis sakiTxi; respondentTa umravlesoba arc im mosazrebebs eTanxmeba, rom irRveva testebis konfidencialuroba da rom testirebis procesis menejmenti seriozul xarvezebs Seicavs. yvelaze ufro ambivalenturi aRmoCnda samizne jgufebis damokidebuleba imasTan dakavSirebiT, ax-dens Tu ara mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis testebi aplikantis kvalifik-aciis adekvatur Sefasebas (profesor-maswavlebelTa da bakalavrTa jgufebSi am mo-sazrebis saSualo maCvenebeli axlosaa qula 3-Tan).

prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdebis sistemis mimarT damokidebulebebi msgavsia, Tumca ramdenadme ufro kritikulia (mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebTan Se-darebiT) profesor-maswavlebelTa da doqtorantTa jgufebSi maSin, rodesac saqme testebis kvalificiurobas exeba. oTxive samizne jgufSi kvlav maRali Sefaseba eZleva (Mean q 4-ze) testebis proteqciisgan daculobas; aseve, kvlav „marginalurad“ gamoi-

74

yureba (profesor-maswavlebelTa da bakalavriatis studentTa jgufebSi) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, axdens Tu ara es testebi aplikantis kvalifikaciis adekvatur Sefasebas.

advokatis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebulebebi kidev ufro kriti-kulia: testebis kvalificiurobas maRal Sefasebas (Mean q 4-ze) mxolod bakalavri-atis studentebi aZleven; samizne jgufebSi kritikuli Sefasebebi matulobs imasTan dakavSirebiTac, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad zomavs es testebi aplikantis kvalifika-cias, ramdenad uxarvezoa testirebis menejmentis procesi da sxv. Tumca, kvlav maRali Sefasebis velSi eqceva testebis proteqciisgan daculobis sakiTxi (Mean q 4-ze) .

notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebuleba imeorebs ZiriTad tendenciebs: aRiarebulia am procesis proteqciisgan Tavisufleba yvela jgufSi; am-bivalenturi Sefasebebi maSin, rodesac saqme exeba am testebiT aplikantis kvalifik-aciis adekvatur Sefasebas exeba da a.S.

4.2.5. profesiaSi „darCena“ da sasurveli kariera

gamokiTxuli bakalavriatisa da magistrantebis didi umravlesoba (87%), xolo doqto-rantebis gamokveTili umravlesoba (71.2%) acxadebs, rom maT surT, gayvnen iuris-tis profesias („darCnen“ profesiaSi). im respondentebis xvedriTi wili, romlebsac iuristis profesiaSi „darCenis“ survili ar aqvT, yvelaze maRalia bakalavriatis stu-dentebs Soris (5%), Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom doqtorantebs Soris yvelaze maRalia im adamianTa xvedriTi wili (25%), romlebsac pasuxis gacema uWirT kiTxvaze, surT Tu ara gayvnen iuristis profesias. es procentuli maCvenebeli bakalavrebs Soris 1.4%ds, xolo magistrantebs Soris 3.4%ds Seadgens (doqtorantebis aseTi TavSekaveba imiT unda aixsnas, rom maTTvis relevanturia samecniero da akademiuri karierac) (ix. diagrama #9):

diagrama #9

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bakalavriatis studentebSi yvelaze ufro sasurveli mimarTuleba iuristis profe-siaSi „dasarCenad“ advokatoba da prokuroroba/gamomZieblobaa; magistrantebisTvis - advokatoba, xolo doqtorantebisTvis - mkvlevaris (mecnier-analitikosis) kariera. Tumca, doqtorantebis jgufSi, sxva samizne jgufebTan SedarebiT, maRalia, agreTve, mosamarTled gaxdomis survili (22.2%) (ix. diagrama #10):

diagrama #10

4.2.6. studentTa mobiloba

gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom Sida mobilobis survili studentebSi praqtikulad nuls utoldeba. bakalavriatis studentebis mxolod 0.9%-s surs im umaRlesi saswavleb-lis sxva fakultetze gadasvla, romelSic amJamad swavloben. magistrantebsa da do-qtorantebs Soris aravinaa iseTi, vinc isurvebda maTive umaRlesi saswavleblis sxva fakultetze gadasvlas.

studentTa gare mobilobis maCveneblebic sakmaod dabalia: bakalavriatis student-Ta did umravlesobas (87%) sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gad-asvlis survili ar aqvs. maTive umaRles saswavlebelSi darCenis ganwyoba narCundeba, agreTve, magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis umravlesobaSi.

sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gadasvlis survili aqvs bakala-vriatis studentebis 9%-s da magistrantebis mxolod 6%-s. doqtorantebs Soris ar-avinaa iseTi, visac sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gadasvla surs.

sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi araiuridiul fakultetze gadasvlis mosurneTa ricxvi kidev ufro mcirea da bakalavriatis studentebsa da magistrantebs Soris erT pro-cents ar aRemateba, xolo doqtorantebs Soris aseTi aravinaa (ix. diagrama #11):

76

diagrama #11

gare mobilobis (oRond iuridiuli specialobiT) mosurne studentebs, ZiriTadad, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiul fakultetze gadasvla surT. xolo is erTeuli studentebi, romlebic acxadeben, rom maTive uma-Rlesi saswavleblis sxva fakultetze surT gadasvla, ZiriTadad socialuri mecnier-ebebis fakultets irCeven.

gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom bakalavriatisa da magistraturis studentebis garkveuli nawilis mobilobis (Sida an gare) survils, ZiriTadad, maTive universitetSi/fakulte-tze swavlebis dabali xarisxi ganapirobebs. iuridiuli specialobiT gare mobilobis msurveli bakalavriatis studentTa 62%-isa da magistrantTa 44%-is TqmiT, maT sur-vils gadavidnen sxva universitetSi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs is, rom iurispruden-cias im universitetSi, sadac gadasvla surT, ukeTesad aswavlian. Sesabamisad, bakala-vriatis am kategoriis studentTa umravlesoba (54%) da TiTqmis yvela magistranti acxadebs, rom maT survils gadavidnen sxva universitetSi/sxva fakultetze, ar gana-pirobebs profesiis arasworad arCevis faqtori da sxva profesiis mimarT interesis gaCena.

aseve, mobilobis survilis mqone bakalavriatis studentTa da magistrantTa gamokveTi-li umravlesobisTvis arc saswavlo programebis sirTule da ver daZleva, arc swavlis safasuris ver gadaxda da arc sxva qalaqSi saswavleblad gadasvla ar ganapirobebs mo-bilobis survils (ix. diagrama #12):

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diagrama #12

bakalavriatis studentTa, magistrantTa da doqtorantTa gamokveTil umravlesobas survili aqvs swavla gaagrZelos ucxoeTis umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiuli specia-lobiT. bakalavriatis studentebs Soris, danarCen or jgufTan SedarebiT, yvelaze maRalia, xolo doqtorantebs Soris - yvelaze dabalia im adamianTa xvedriTi wili, vi-sac ucxoeTSi swavlis gagrZeleba surs (ix. diagrama #13):

78

diagrama #13

ZiriTadi mizezebi, romelTa gamoc studentebs swavlis ucxoeTis umaRles saswav-leblebSi gagrZeleba surT, Semdegia:

1. ucxoeTSi ufro kvalificiuri iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis molodini;

2. ucxoeTis universitetis diplomiT dasaqmebis ukeTesi Sansebi saqarTveloSi;

3. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas SeZena iuridiuli praqtikis mimarTulebiT.

rac Seexeba sazRvargareT swavlis gagrZelebis mcdelobas, es tendencia ufro Zlie-ria umaRlesi ganaTlebis magistraturis (mcdeloba hqonia 32%-s) da doqtoranturis safexurebze myof studentebs (27%), vidre bakalavriatis studentebs (13%) Soris.

sxvadasxva donis studentebs Soris ucxoeTSi swavlis mcdelobebs Soris gansxvavebe-bi praqtikaSic aisaxa: erTi semestris ganmavlobaSi ucxoeTis umaRles saswavlebelSi bakalavriatis studentTa 15%-ma iswavla, magistrantTa 19%-ma da doqtorantTa 13%-ma. erTi saswavlo weli bakalavriatis studentTa 2%-ma dayo ucxoeTis umaRles sas-wavleblebSi, magistrantTa 19%-ma da doqtorantTa 7%-ma.

studentebi, romlebic ucxoeTis umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlobdnen, erTmniS-vnelovnad dadebiTad afaseben rogorc saswavlo programas (kurikulums) mTlianoba-Si, ise programis calkeul komponentebs (profesorTa momzadebis done, Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebi, pedagogTa da studentTa disciplina, kursebis Sesabamisoba sila-busebTan, materialur-teqnikuri baza da sxv.)

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4.2.7. dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi

samizne jgufebi afasebdnen rogorc sxvadasxva xarisxis mqone iuristebis (bakalavre-bi, magistrebi, doqtorantebi da doqtorebi), ise sxvadasxva profesiis iuristebis (mosamarTleebis, advokatebis, prokurorebis da notariusebis) sakvalifikacio ga-mocdebis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sansebs sxvadasxva poziciebisTvis da organizaciebi-sTvis. Sefasebis sistema am SemTxvevaSic 5 quliani iyo, sadac qulebi 1 da 2 aRniSnavda dasaqmebis dabal Sanss, qula 3 - saSualo Sanss, xolo qulebi 4 da 5 - maRal Sanss.

yvela gamokiTxul samizne jgufSi miiCneven, rom bakalavris xarisxis mqone iuristis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia (saSualo monacemebi 5 qulian skalaze arcerT gamokiTxul jgufSi ar aRwevs 4 an 5-s). rac Seexeba dasaqmebis adgilebs, yvelaze ui-medod bakalavris dasaqmebis Sansebs uyureben saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organi-zaciebSi, agreTve, saxelmwifo/sajaro aRmasrulebel da sakanonmdeblo organizacieb-Si.

bakalavrebis dasaqmebis SedarebiT ukeTesi SesaZleblobebi, respondentTa azriT, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebSia, romlebic moqalaqeebs iuridiul ser-visebs sTavazoben; agreTve, kerZo organizaciebSi.

rac ufro izrdeba swavlebis safexuri (done) da miRebuli xarisxi, miT ufro matulobs samizne jgufebis dadebiTi damokidebuleba Sesabamisi safexuris kursdamTavrebul-Ta dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb: magistrebs ukeTes Sansebs miaweren bakala-vrebTan SedarebiT, doqtorantebs - magistrebTan da bakalavrebTan SedarebiT, xolo doqtorebs - bakalavrebTan, magistrebTan da doqtorantebTan SedarebiT. es exeba dasaqmebis Sansebs praqtikulad yvela organizaciaSi (saitSi).

rac Seexeba im iuristebis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebs, vinc mosamarTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Caabara, am SemTxvevaSi gamokiTx-vis monacemebi dasaqmebis Sansebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad maRali SesaZleblobebis velSi eqceva.

sainteresoa, rom mosamarTled, prokurorad, advokatad da notariusad dasaqmebis maRal Sansebs respondentebi im specialistebs miaweren, visac Sesabamisi profesiis sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Cabarebuli aqvs. erTgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens profe-sor-maswavlebelTa samizne jgufi, sadac sasamarTloSi da prokuraturaSi dasaqmebis Sansebis (imaTi, visac Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Cabarebuli aqvs) saSualo maCveneblebi 4 qulaze naklebia; amasTan, profesor-maswavleblebi miiCneven, rom mo-samarTlis da prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdebis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sanse-bi ufro naklebia, vidre advokatad da notariusad dasaqmebis Sansebi maTTvis, visac Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdebi aqvs Cabarebuli

rac Seexeba dasaqmebis sxva adgilebs (adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saxelmwifo aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo organizaciebi, kerZo struqturebi da sxv.), kvleva aCvenebs, rom ama Tu im iuridiuli specialobis sakval-ifikacio gamocdebis CambarebelTa Sansebs respondentebi (oTxive samizne jguf-Si) kvlav afaseben, rogorc ZiriTadad maRals (saSualo mCveneblebi 4 qula da meti). garkveul gamonakliss warmoadgens notariusis gamocdis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sansebis Sefaseba: am Sansebs ufro mokrZalebulad (saSualo monacemebi naklebia 4-ze) afaseben praqtikulad yvela jgufSi, dasaqmebis iseT saitebTan mimarTebiT, rogori-caa saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saxelmwifo/sajaro sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli institutebi.

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gamokiTxvis Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilebSi ##4,5:

cxrili #4

dasaqmebis adgilebi

saSualo monacemebi (MEAN)

bakalavriatis studentebi

magistrantebi doqtorantebiprofesor-

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3.4 4.1 4.6 4.8 3.2 4.1 4.4 4.6 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.5

adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic iuristis momsaxurebas iyeneben

3.3 4.1 4.3 4.6 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.3

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi

2.8 3.7 4.4 4.6 2.7 3.6 4.2 4.4 2.8 3.7 4.3 4.5 3.0 3.7 4.2 4.4

saxelmwifo/sajaro mmarTvelobiTi (aRmasrulebeli) organoebi

2.8 3.8 4.2 4.5 2.9 3.8 4.0 4.3 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.3

saxelmwifo/sajaro sakanonmdeblo organoebi

2.5 3.4 4.4 4.6 2.5 3.5 4.2 4.4 2.7 3.6 4.3 4.5 3.1 3.6 4.2 4.3

adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi

3.1 4.1 4.5 4.7 2.8 4.0 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.5 4.1 4.4 4.5

kerZo organizaciebi 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.1 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.4sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi 3.1 4.6 4.7 3.8 3.0 4.4 4.6 3.8 3.2 4.3 4.6 3.8 3.4 4.3 4.5 3.9

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82

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 5 qulian skalaze, sadac 1 aRniSnavs „Zalze dabal Sansebs“, xolo 5 _ „Zalze maRal Sansebs“. skalis neitraluri punqtia 3. monace-mebi, romlebic 3-ze naklebia, Seesabameba dabali Sansebis vels, xolo monacemebi, rom-lebic 3-ze metia, maRali Sansebis vels.

4.2.8. ganaTlebis ufro maRal safexurze swavlis gagrZeleba

rogorc monacemebidan gamoikveTa, bakalavriatis safexuris studentTa absolutur umravlesobas (90.1%) magistraturaSi swavlis gagrZeleba sakuTari specialobiT surs. mcirea iseTTa raodenoba (2.6%), visac specialobis Secvla undodes. am ukanasknelTa daaxloebiT naxevari mizezad asaxelebs imas, rom sxva profesiiT dainteresdnen.

im bakalavriatis studentebisgan, romlebic apireben magistraturaSi swavlis gagr-Zelebas, meoTxeds es sazRvargareT surs. 43.2% ambobs, rom swavlas sakuTar universi-tetSi gaagrZeleben, xolo 9.3%-s magistraturaSi swavla saqarTvelos sxva universi-tetSi urCevniaT (prioritetad Tsu saxeldeba). es ukanasknelni amis mizezad miiCneven, erTi mxriv, imas, rom sxva universitetis iuridiul/samarTlis fakultetze ufro xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas miiReben, xolo, meore mxriv, imas, sxva universitetis iuridiul/samarTlis fakultetze ukeTesad aris organizebuli iuridiuli praqtika (ix. diagrama #14):

diagrama #14

msgavsi monacemebia magistraturis studentebTan dakavSirebiTac. maT umravlesobas ar surs arc fakultetisa da arc saswavleblis Secvla. mcirea iseTTa raodenoba, vinc Secvlis survilze saubrobs.

83

4.3. Sromis bazarze kvalificiuri iuristebis Sesabamisoba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebTan

Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi

xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis erT-erT ZiriTad winapirobas warmoadgens saswavlo procesis (saswavlo programa universitetebSi, praqtikuli samuSao, staJi-reba da a.S.) imgvarad dagegmva, rom iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulis kval-ifikacia Seesabamebodes Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda is ramodenime komponenti („sistemuri“ indikatorebi), rom-lebic warmoadgenen xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis garantias:

saswavlo programa - kvlevis monawileTa nawili (ZiriTadad samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi/damsaqmeblebi) emxrobodnen mosazrebas, rom iurists unda gaaCndes zogadi kvalifikacia, xolo monawileTa nawili mxars uWerda mosazrebas, iuristTa viwro specializaciis Sesaxeb, romelic me-3 kursidan unda xdebodes. kvlevis yvela monawiles Soris gamoikveTa mosazreba Teoriul codnasTan erTad praqtikuli gamoc-dilebis gaRrmavebis Sesaxeb (miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi sworad gamoyenebis un-ari). xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebas aseve xels uwyobs: interaqtiuli le-qciebis Catareba, kazusebis amoxsna, iuridiuli literaturis qarTul enaze Targmna (mosamarTleebma miuTiTes, rom qarTul enaze Targmnili iuridiuli literaturis ararseboba mniSvnelovan bariers qmnis xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebisa da Semdgomi dasaqmebisTvis).

kvalificiuri personali - saswavlo programa warmatebiT ver ganxorcieldeba Sesa-bamisi adamianuri resursis gareSe (jgufur diskusiebze miuTiTes, rom profesor-mas-wavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili Teoretikosia da arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac isini saqmis kursSi ar arian kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebis Sesaxeb). praqtikosi profesor-mas-wavleblebis raodenobis gazrda (romelTa mozidva universitetebSi sakmaod proble-muria maTi datvirTuli samuSao grafikis gamo), romlebic SeimuSaveben xarisxian da gamarTul silabusebs uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zrdas.

kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze negatiurad aisaxeba stu-dentTa gazrdili raodenoba jgufebSi (universitetebma Sromis bazris moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT unda daadginon iuridiul fakultetze misaRebi abiturientebis ra-odenoba, Tumca komerciuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ase ar xdeba). amas garda, zo-gierTi monawile uaryofiTad afasebda iuridiuli ganaTlebis arsebul models, ro-melic dasavluri modelis analogia da gadmotanilia yovelgvari adaptaciis gareSe.

kvlevis monawileebma miuTiTes is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic unda gaaCndes kvalifi-ciur iurists/kursdamTavrebuls, imisaTvis rom bazarze moTxovnadi gaxdes:

• samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria);• ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna;• menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;• weriTi da verbalurad argumentirebuli msjeloba;• im qveynis samarTlis codna, romeli qveynis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTan eqneba

iurists urTierToba; (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);• sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna;• kanonis interpretaciis unari;• pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.

84

damsaqmeblebs xSirad eqmnebaT problema kvalificiuri kadris moZiebisas, radgan iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebi xSirad ver pasuxoben Sromis bazris/damsaqmebel-Ta moTxovnebs. amitom, maRali kvalifikaciis mqone iurists erTdroulad ramdenime kerZo Tu sajaro dawesebulebasTan uwevs TanamSromloba. aqedan gamomdinare, dam-saqmeblebi cdiloben moiZion kursdamTavrebulebi, romlebsac kargi Teoriuli cod-na gaaCniaT da Semdgom moaxdinon maTi gadamzadeba organizaciis saWiroebebis mixed-viT (am meTodis efeqturobas gansakuTrebiT biznesis warmomadgenlebma gausva xazi). kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebi met-naklebad akmayo-fileben minimalur kompetenciebs Teoriuli codnis TvalsazrisiT, rasac ver vityviT praqtikul gamocdilebasa da unar-Cvevebze. sxva sakiTxia, Tavad universitetebis mier miwodebuli ganaTlebis xarisxi da misi Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove standartebTan (swored amitom miuTiTes advokatebma universitetebis akreditaciis saWiroebasa da aRniSnuli akreditaciis monitoringis aucileblobaze). „saias“ warmomadgenlebma Tbilissa da quTaisSi miuTiTes iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebuli aplikan-tebis dabal konkurentunarianobaze, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos regionebSi - sad-ac umaRles saswavlebelSi miRebuli codna imdenad mwiria, rom kursdamTavrebulebs yvelaze martivi iuridiuli dokumentis Sedgenac ki uWirT. sazRvargareT miRebuli ga-naTleba dasaqmebisaTvis damatebiTi xelSemwyobi faqtori iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ap-likants sabaziso sauniversiteto ganaTleba saqarTveloSi eqneba miRebuli (qarTuli samarTlis codnis gareSe gauWirdeba moergos samarTlebriv garemos saqarTveloSi). kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis maCvenebeli, mosamarTleTa ganmartebiT, SedarebiT maRalia Tsu-sa da ramodenime kerZo umaRles saswavlebelSi (mag: qarTul-amerikuli universiteti) - dasaqmebulia magistrantTa didi umravlesoba, xolo bakalavrebis daaxloebiT 15%. Sesabamisad, damsaqmebelTa yuradRebac ZiriTadad swored aRniSnu-li universitetebis kursdamTavrebulebzea mimarTuli. damsaqmeblebis SefasebiT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa umravlesobisaTvis momzidvelia saqmianobis is sferoebi, sadac eZlevaT maT staJirebis gavlis da/an maRali anazRaurebis miRebis Ses-aZlebloba (am mxriv, yvelaze prioritetuli prokuraturaa). Sromis bazarze kvalifi-ciuri kadrebis moZiebis erT-erT damatebiT bariers, kvlevis monawileTa azriT, aseve nepotizmis arseboba qmnis.

imisaTvis, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi pasuxobdes Sromis bazris moTxovnebs, saWiroa universitetebsa da damsaqmeblebs Soris komunikaciis gaRrmaveba, urTierT-TanamSromlobis saxiT. amgvari TanamSromlobis tendencia jerjerobiT mxolod saxel-mwifos mxridan (sajaro samsaxurebi) SeiniSneba 2012 wlidan - memorandumis gaformebis gziT (mag: prokuraturasa da universitetebs Soris). kerZo seqtoris mxridan arsebobs universitetebTan TanamSromlobis iseTi damabrkolebeli faqtorebi, rogoricaa te-qnikuri da adamianuri resursis nakleboba, samsaxurebrivi saidumlos staJiorebisT-vis gacxadebis SiSi da a.S.

Sromis bazarze damkvidrebisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba im konkretul kriteriumebs, romlebic aucilebelia iuristis profesiaSi SesvlisTvis. mag: testireba ver uzrun-velyofs profesionalizmis dadgenas da saWiroa damatebiTi komponentebis (kazusebis amoxsnis, gasaubrebis da a.S.) Semotana. kvlevaSi monawileTa nawili uaryofiTad af-asebs advokatebisa da mosamarTleebis profesiaSi „Sesasvlelad“ aucilebeli staJire-bis xangrZlivobas da misi gazrdis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs.

kvalificiur iuristad Camoyalibebasa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi, romelic Sromis bazarze adgilis mopovebis garantiaa, erT-erT mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs iuridiuli klinika, romelic rCeba universitetSi arsebuli praqtikuli codnis deficitis Sevsebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan alternativad. Tumca, Sromis ba-

85

zarze arsebobs klinikis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba. amas garda, yvela universi-tets ar gaaCnia iuridiuli klinika da studentTa miRebac SezRudulia adamianuri re-sursis naklebobis gamo, rac mis xarvezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. swored amitom, bazarze arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis gasaumjobeseblad erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens klinikis gafarToeba.

5. problemis saerTo Sefaseba da rekomendaciebi

5.1. qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zogadi Sefaseba

proeqtis „xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisTvis“ farglebSi ganxorcielda qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis detaluri kvleva da analizi. sakvlevi problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, kvlevas ver eqneba pretenzia universalurobaze, Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom mkvlevarTa jgufi maqsimalurad Seecada, arsebuli resursiT moecva yvela komponenti, romelsac garkveuli gavlena aqvs qarTul umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebaze.

moZiebuli informaciis analizis safuZvelze, qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi SegviZlia SevafasoT, rogorc aradamakmayofilebeli arsebul determinantebTan mimarTebiT. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebad SeirCa Semdegi indikatorebi:

a) umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis meqanizmebi, rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise Sidasauniversiteto doneze;

b) umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sedegebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan;

g) saswavlo programebi;

d) akademiuri personali.

rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, problemebi arsebobs zemoT aRniSnuli TiToeuli komponen-tis mimarTulebiT, aseve, gamoikveTa sxva saxis problemebic, romlebzec mocemul Tav-Si gveqneba saubari.

kvlevis Sedegebis analizisas iqmneba erTgvari uCveulo suraTi, radgan gamokiTxul-Ta umravlesoba, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze saubrisas, mas afasebs, ro-gorc „mwvave“ problemas. imavdroulad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Sefaseba ufro metad dadebiTia, vidre uaryofiTi.

5.2. problemebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT

rogorc winamdebare TavSi aRiniSna, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis dros problemebi gamoikveTa faqtobrivad yvela ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT. mocemul TavSi warmodgenilia individualurad TiToeuli problemis analizi.

5.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo da Sidasauniversiteto regulireba

sakanonmdeblo doneze umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba, regulirebis TvalsazrisiT, imave problemebs awydeba, rasac qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema mTlianobaSi. kerZod, saubari gvaqvs interesTa konfliqtze eqspertTa jgufis wevrebsa da akred-itacia/avtorizaciis mopovebiT dainteresebul universitets Soris.

86

miuxedavad kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalisa interesTa kon-fliqtis Sesaxeb, mainc arsebobs safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba, kerZod, statusis mopovebis san-acvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTavazebis saxiT.

imisTvis, rom aRniSnuli riski minimumamde davides, mizanSewonilia, Sesabamis sakanon-mdeblo aqtSi gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akred-itaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, ar eqneba SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviridoT ara marto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, ar-amed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan, samomavlod dasaqmebis per-speqtiviT.

kidev erTi problemuri sakiTxi, romelic am mimarTulebiT wamoiWra, exeba akreditac-iis sabWos dakompleqtebis wess, romelTan dakavSirebiTac araerTgvarovani mosazre-bebi arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis procesSi ver moxerxda gamoTqmuli SiSe-bis calsaxa dadastureba an uaryofa, mizanSewonilia, moxdes akreditaciis sabWos da-kompleqtebis wesis gadaxedva umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT. kerZod, sabWos muSaobaSi, garda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis warmomadgen-lebisa, CaerTon iuristTa profesiuli gaerTianebebi da interesTa jgufebi sxvadasx-va seqtoridan, kerZod: saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacia, saqarTvelos notariusTa palata, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, saqa-rTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (rogorc arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmo-madgeneli da iuristTa erT-erTi udidesi profesiuli gaerTianeba).

migvaCnia, rom akreditaciis sabWoSi zemoT xsenebuli interesTa jgufebis CarTva dadebiTad aisaxeba qveyanaSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan xarisx-is determinaciasa da mis Sefasebas uSualod ganaxorcieleben is instituciebi, rom-lebic umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier momzadebuli kadrebis pirveli mimRebni arian.

garda aRniSnulisa, kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi, romlebic uSualod ex-eba iuridiul ganaTlebas, ramdenadac iuridiuli profesia kanoniT „regulirebadia“, eqimisa da pedagogis profesiebis gverdiT.

miuxedavad arsebuli daTqmisa, dRemde ar arsebobs qveyanaSi kanoni umaRlesi iuridi-uli ganaTebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, sxva regulirebadi profesiebi ukve moeqcnen sakanonmde-blo CarCoebSi.

mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb specialuri kan-onis miReba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisa da standartebis gansazRvras, aseve SesaZlebeli iqneboda im problemuri sakiTxeb-is kanoniT gawera, romlebic realurad aferxebs qveyanaSi iuristis profesiis ganvi-Tarebas.

iuridiuli ganaTlebis moTxovnadobidan da iuridiul fakultetze arsebul student-Ta didi raodenobidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresda e.w. „dawyebiTi iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis“ problemiTac. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki skolebSi moxdeba samarTlis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, aseve, erTian erovnul gamocdebSi arCeviT sagnad CarTuli iqneba samarTlebrivi an masTan miaxloebuli disciplina, abiturienti gac-ilebiT momzadebuli iqneba saswavlo procesisTvis, rac, bunebrivia, dadebiTad aisaxe-ba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan ganaTleba ar aris calmxrivi pro-

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cesi. bevri ram damokidebulia ara mxolod ganaTlebis mimwodebelze, aramed codnis mimRebzec.

rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sida sauniversiteto regulirebis meqa-nizmebs, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia swavlebis sistemizaciis problema, kerZod, universiteti praqtikulad ar gansazRvravs da ar aregulirebs swavlebis meTodolo-gias. universitetebis silabusebis Seswavlis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom am Temas arasaTanado yuradReba eTmoba. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas saxelmwifo universitetebSi, sadac:• swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela savaraudo meTodi, rac ki

bunebaSi arsebobs, praqtikaSi yvela maTganis gamoyeneba ki Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia.

• swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki scdeba meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia iseTi dasaxuli Sedegebis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba.

• swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli da CaSlili, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba iyos, zog SemTxvevaSi - ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki - yvela miTiTebulia mSralad (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes garkveuli midgoma swavlebis meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT. SemuSavdes calkeul disciplinebze swavlebis meTodebisa da maTi monitoringis sistemebi.

mniSvnelovania aseve saswavlo programebis regulirebis sakiTxi. rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi:• programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabam-

isoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesa-bameba moTxovnebs.

• biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tum-ca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S.

• kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa.

garda aRniSnulisa, saxelmwifo universitetebSi SeiniSneba arCeviTi sagnebis simwire, rac, rogorc Tundac iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikidanac Cans, xarisxiani ganaTlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.

aRniSnuli problemis mosagvareblad, isev da isev, mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis erTiani standartis Camoyalibeba, romlis dakmayofilebac savaldebulo iqneba rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis. mniSvnelovania aseve monitoringis qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, raTa gawerili standartebi ar darC-es faratina furclad da moxdes maTi realuri implementacia praqtikaSi. aRniSnuli sakiTxi SesaZloa daregulirdes kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mniSvnelovania, qveyanaSi realurad ganxorciel-des iuristis profesiis regulireba, Tumca, aRniSnuli ar unda moxdes saswavleblis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis xarjze.

ramdenadac iuristis profesia umniSvnelovanesia qveyanaSi samarTlianobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisTvis, imdenad xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba saxelmwifo politikis rangSi unda iqnes ayvanili. am TvalsazrisiT, mkvlevarTa jgufi misaRebad

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miiCnevs germanul models, sadac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba warmoadgens qveynis marTlmsajulebis politikis nawils. rac Seexeba uSualo regulirebas, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, am mimarTulebiT yvelaze optimaluria iuridiuli ganaTlebis „inter-esTa jgufebis“ CarTva xarisxis gansazRvrisa da kontrolis procesSi. aseve saintere-soa amerikuli modeli, sadac saxelmwifo sakuTari funqciebis delegirebas axdens arasaxelmwifo aqtorebze, imavdroulad, ganaTlebas inarCunebs rogorc sakuTari politikis prioritetul elements.

5.2.2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ZiriTad mizans arsebuli Sromis bazris kvalificiuri (kompetenturi) kadrebiT „momarageba“ warmoadgens. rogorc proeqtis farglebSi ganxorcielebulma Tvisebrivma kvlevam cxadyo, qarTuli umaRlesi ganaT-lebis sistema xSirad ver axerxebs aRniSnuli miznis miRwevas. Sesabamisad, qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi sasurvelze dabalia.

kvlevis farglebSi monawile jgufebis mier dasaxelebuli Sromis bazris moTxovnebi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa mimarT mokled SeiZleba ase Camoyalibdes:

• samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria);• ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna;• menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;• weriTi da verbaluri argumentirebuli msjeloba;• im qveynis samarTlis codna, romlis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTanac eqneba

iurists urTierToba (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);• sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna;• kanonis interpretaciis unari;• pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.

kvlevis mixedviT, bazarze arsebul kursdamTavrebulTa umetesoba aRniSnul kriteriumebs ver pasuxobs. swored amitom aRniSna kvlevis erT-erTma monawilem, rom skolidanve unda daiwyos garkveuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi problema daisva iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis ganxilvis drosac.

aRniSnuli naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad, mniSvnelovania damsaqmebelTa da umaRles saswavleblebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da erToblivi proeqtebis SemuSaveba. pirveli nabijebi ukve gadaidga memorandumebis gaformebis gziT, romelTa implementacia aranakleb mniSvnelovania (imisaTvis, rom ara mxolod studentma miiRos pirvelwyarodan informacia bazarze arsebuli moTxovnebis Sesaxeb, aramed - profesor-maswavleblebmac da sistemis doneze moxdes etapobrivad bazris saWiroebebze morgeba).

rogorc wesi, memorandumebis gaformeba calkeul struqturebsa da umaRles saswavleblebs Soris, erTgvari piar-aqciis saxes atarebs da praqtikaSi maTi danergva naklebad xorcieldeba. Tavad memorandumis pirobebic zogadia da daclili yovelgvari valdebulebebisgan. situaciis gamosworebis mizniT, aucilebelia aRniSnuli midgomis Secvla.

Sromis bazris Seswavlisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovan komponents, romlis deficitic kvlevaSi monawile yvela jgufSi iyo xazgasmuli, warmoadgens praqtikuli gamocdilebis nakleboba (exeba rogorc studentebs, aseve profesor-maswavleblebs). Tu studentebi

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met-naklebad akmayofileben codnis im dones, romelsac universitetebSi iReben, sakamaToa Tavad universitetebSi miRebuli codnis xarisxi da misi Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove standartebTan, Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan. im faqtidan gamomdinare, rom universitetebSi saswavlo programa ar aris orientirebuli praqtikul muSaobaze, isini ver uzrunvelyofen studentebs profesiisaTvis saWiro unar-CvevebiT da danaklisis Sevseba sxva gziT uwevT (rogoricaa staJireba, iuridiuli klinika).

rac Seexeba minimaluri kompetenciebis dakmayofilebas, am mimarTulebiT kvlevam kv-lav praqtikuli codnis komponentis sisuste gamoavlina.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Sromis bazari gajerebulia iuristebiT, kvalificiuri kadris moZieba Wirs. amis mizezi swored is aris, rom umaRles saswavleblebSi ar xdeba Sesa-bamisi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da, rogorc advokatebma aRniSnes, umetes SemTxveva-Si, swavlebis moZvelebul meTodebs iyeneben. kvlevam gamoavlina, rom mocemul etapze swavlebis Tanamedrove/interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba konkretul individebzea (profesor-maswavlebeli) damokidebuli da ar warmogvidgeba, rogorc sistemis maxa-siaTebeli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli tendencia gamoikveTa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawese-bulebebis programebisa da silabusebis analizis drosac. Sesabamisad, swavlebis er-Tiani standartis SemuSaveba, misi morgeba Sromis bazris da, zogadad, qveynis saWiroe-bebTan, arsebul gamowvevebTan gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan qarTuli umaRlesi iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli profesiis efeqtur regulirebasa da ganaTlebis srulyofili standartebis SemuSavebaze. Tanamedrove saswavlo meTodebi, maTi implementaciis efeqturi meqanizmebi, praqtikaze orien-tirebuli swavleba is komponentebia, romelic unda daregulirdes ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiTa da universitetebis Sida regulirebis aqtebiT.

kidev erTi problema gaxlavT komunikaciis nakleboba damsaqmebels, saxelmwifosa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris. amdenad kidev ufro metad ikveTeba xarisxis determinaciasa da regulirebaSi yvela interesTa jgufis CarTvis mniSvneloba.

5.2.3. saswavlo programebi

mizanSewonilia, aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganvixiloT ara mxolod universitetis Sida reg-ulirebis meqanizmebis, aramed zogadi TvalsazrisiTac. raodenobrivi kvlevis dros calsaxad gamoikveTa imis tendencia, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi naklebad sTavazoben raime axals magistraturis studentebs.

gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro pro-grama studentebs, sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT, Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvave-bul) kursebs sTavazobs. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da, rom sa-bakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva.

kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi samagistro da sadoqtoro programebze kvleviT komponentTan dakavSirebiTac. praqtikulad, swavlebis yvela safexurze vawydebiT problemebs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli, iseve rogorc viwro specializaciis sakiTxi, mwvaved idga jgufuri diskusiebis procesSic.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia, umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-

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bebma yuradReba gaamaxvilon am problemaTa mogvarebis mimarTulebiT. sasurvelia, SemuSavdes garkveuli standartebi da maTi monitoringis meqanizmebi enis swavlebis da specializaciis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli problemis arseboba aseve miuTiTebs komunikaciis naklebobaze damsaqmebelsa da saswavlebels Soris. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSi, Cven vim-eorebT imave rekomendacias, rac mivuTiTeT damsaqmeblebze saubris dros.

rogorc saswavlo programebis, aseve, damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebis analizis safuZvel-ze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom „profesiaSi Sesvla“ jer kidev ar niSnavs dasaqmebas. Sesa-bamisad, swavlis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi kriteriumi ver iqneba is faqti, rom students SeuZlia Caabaros profesiaSi Sesvlis gamocda, vinaidan profesiaSi Sesvli-sas dawesebuli moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, Seesabameba studentis mier universitetSi miRebul codnas. aqedan gamomdinare, rac ufro dabali ganaTlebis xarisxi arsebobs universitetSi, miT ufro dabali standarti iarsebebs profesiaSi Sesvlisas.

5.2.4. akademiuri personali

akademiuri personalis kvalificiuroba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis erT-erTi centraluri indikatoria. bunebrivia, kvleva ver Seamowmebda da arc mis-cemda Tavs calkeul profesor-maswavlebelTa kompetenturobisa da kvalificiuro-bis eWvqveS dayenebis uflebas. mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla is obieqturi faqtorebi, romlebmac, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonios profesor-maswavlebelTa mier sakuTari movaleobebis efeqtur Sesrulebaze.

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani tendencia, romelic kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa, aris is, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebulia ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi ada-mianis mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aRniSnuli problemis gamomwvev erT-erT mizezad SeiZleba moviazroT is garemoeba, rom qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi arsebuli iuridiuli fakultetebis raodenoba aRemateba bazarze arsebuli akademi-uri kadrebis raodenobas. gansxvavebiT ucxouri praqtikisgan, saqarTveloSi umaRl-esi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis did umravlesobas iuridiuli fakulteti aqvs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv, iuridiul ganaTlebaze arsebuli didi moTxovniT da, meore mxriv imiT, rom aRniSnuli moTxovna, Sesabamisad - studentebis raodenoba, iuridiul fakultets aqcevs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis „marCenal“ fakultetad.

problemis mogvarebis efeqtur gzas warmoadgens, upirveles yovlisa, umaRlesi iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis optimizacia, rac gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, iuridiul fakultetebze swavlebis xarisxis mkacr monitorings, meore mxriv ki, akademiuri per-sonalis waxalisebas, raTa maT SeeZloT erT adgilas muSaobiT miiRon saTanado anaz-Raureba da iZulebulni ar iyvnen, Tavis sarCenad ramdenime dawesebulebaSi erTdrou-lad imuSaon. aseve mniSvnelovania akademiuri personalis waxaliseba regionebSi. sam-wuxarod, regionebSi adgilobrivi akademiuri kadrebis seriozuli deficiti arsebobs.

5.3. sxva tendenciebi

kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa tendenciebi, romlebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebac gansaku-TrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom, TbilisTan SedarebiT, regionebSi arsebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi gacilebiT kritikulad aris Sefasebuli kvlevis farglebSi.

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iuridiuli ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT, regionebSi arsebuli rTuli viTareba axali ar aris. saxezea ara mxolod lojistikuri problemebi (materialur-teqnikuri baza, bib-lioTeka da a.S), aramed kadrebis nakleboba. am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelova-nia, saxelmwifom ganaTlebis politikis erT-erT prioritetad daasaxelos iuridiuli ganaTleba da meti resursi mimarTos am sakiTxisken. aucilebelia kadrebis waxalise-ba, maTTvis komfortuli pirobebis Seqmna, raTa Sewydes regionebidan profesionali kadrebis gadineba, xolo TbilisSi moRvawe kadrebi dainteresdnen regionSi muSaobiT.

daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia kidev erTxel gavimeoroT, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaT-leba gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos mSeneblobis saqme-Si. swored xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba ganapirobebs im saxelmwifo institutebis Zalas, romelTac qveyanaSi demokratiuli principebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis damkv-idreba evalebaT. Sesabamisad, mis xarisxze zrunva ara mxolod saxelmwifos an umaRl-esi saswavleblebis, aramed mTeli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis movaleobaa. gamovTqvamT rwmenas, rom mocemuli kvleva iqneba am mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli erT-erTi pirveli, Tumca, ara _ ukanaskneli nabiji.

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