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. 1950- ., . - . - : 1950- . -6 Lippmann, Walter. 1970. Early Writings. N.Y.: Liveright, pp.28-29.7 Keynes, John Maynard. 1920. Th e Economic Consequences of Peace. N.Y.: Hartcourt, Brace, and Howe, p. 250.8 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S.Truman, 1949. Wash.,1963. Pp.114-115.

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1985 . . : 13. , , . . - . - , , -.13 Booth, David. 1985. Marxism and Development Sociology: Interpreting the Impasse// World Development, vol. 13, iss. 7, pp. 761-787.

29 1.

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39 1.

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? 3. ?4. , , ?5. ? 6. ?7. ? 8. ? -

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? 10. ? -

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1. .2. ( 1940- 1960- .).3. : (1970- .).4. .5. 2000- .

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16 Brown, Stephen. 1990. Foreign Aid in Practice London: Pinter. P.45

46 .

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, - - . - . -, , .

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. 1970- . -, . - - , , 1970- . - () . - , -17 United Nations Development Decade.A Programme for International Economic Co-operation. URL: (I).http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_

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47 2.

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, .

48 .

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, -. , , 1960-70- . . , - . , - , . -. , , [, 2011, .76]. - -, , , -, .

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1969 . , , - .

. , , , , - - , -. . -: -, , - , , , , -, - ( - , , , ). : - .

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1980- ., -, , - . , , , . -, , : 889,0 . . 1983 . 1306,4 . . 1990 . ( - 161,8 . . )21. -, , - , - .

. , , , . 1970- . 21 Toye, John. 1993. Dilemmas of Development.Refl ections on the Counter-Revolution in Development Economics.Second Edition. Oxford:

Blackwell Publishers, P. 225.

51 2.

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52 .

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53 2.

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-. 1986-1996 . 0,7% . 2,5% , , . - - . 1995 . 66% 47% . 61% 57% . 1990-1997 . 44% , 31% - . 1997. 17% , [, 2011, .82].

- ( ) - . 1996 . - ( HIPCs . heavily indebted poor countries). - : , , ( , , ). : - .

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54 .

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, 1990 . - . ()- , , -, .

1990- . . , - , - , , . . 1992 . -- . - XXI , - . .

1990- . . . XXI : - (1996 .), . , -

55 2.

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- , , , - . - . : - - ; , - - , .. . , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ( ); 6) - . - 2000- .

5. 2000- .

, , , . 11 - , - , . - . : ( ) . , , - ( , , , ), -

56 .

. , , - , , , - . 2000/2001 . : , , , - , .

2000 . - (). - : ; ; ; , ; /, ; - ; - .

- , ( 193 20 - ) .

. , : - - . .

, 2002 . . 22, -. , -, , , -, - , . 22 . 2002. URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/

decl_conv/declarations/monterrey.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/monterrey.shtml

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, , , , - . .

, - (2003 .), (2005 .), (2008 .) , , (2011 .). - -. - ( ), () , - , - , - -.

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2006 . 2008 . , . 2008 . . (). - - , - , - --, (), - . , - , -, :1) -

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24 Paris Declaration on Aid Eff ectiveness. 2005.URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/41/34428351.pdf

59 2.

2) - ;

3) (, ) - ;

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);

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61 2.

: -. , - . - -. , , 11 2001 ., , 2000- . . : , , , , - - - .

-, : 1) - ; 2) - ; 3) , , .

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, - , -, , - . , , , .

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63 2.

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- - ( 2011 .), - , : , , , - , 28. 28 Busan Partnership for Eff ective Development Cooperation. Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Eff ectiveness, Busan, Republic of Korea. 29

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72 .

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- . (), - - . , () - - . , .

, , -, , . - , , - . , , , - , , , .., . : 1) - , ; 2) - 30.

, - .

30 Th e WHO Glossary of Globalisation, Trade and Health Terms, World Health Organization. URL:http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story015/en/index.html

73 3. : , ,

-, (. 3.1).

. 3.1.

() (Offi cial Development Assistance, ODA) - (Other Offi cial Flows).

1969 ., 1972 . : - -, , - . -

1) ;

2)

(), (ODA)

(), (OOF)

74 .

, , (). - : 1) , - ; 2) -- ; 3) , - 25% ( 10%)31. - /, - -32.

, - , , .

, . - - . , , , 1 , .

. 1) , , -

. - - - .

2) . - . , : , - , , - , , , , . , , , , . , -, .

3) . -, - - - .

31 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.html#ODA

32 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. URL:http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.html#Grant_Element

75 3. : , ,

4) . , - - ( ) ( - ). , , , , - , - .

5) . -, , -, 12 , , - .

6) . , - .

7) . , -, ( , , - ). , -.

8) - , , , -, -33. , ,

. , - ( ) - -, , -. ( ) - . , , - , . 34.

(Aid for Trade) . (, 2005.) -, 33 OECD-DAC. 2008. Is it ODA? Factsheet. URL:www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/21/34086975.pdf 34 OECD-DAC. 2008. Is it ODA? Factsheet. URL:www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/21/34086975.pdf

76 .

. 1) ; 2) , 3) . - , , . - : -, , , - 35.

(Other Offi cial Flows, OOF) --, , -. , , - , , - 36.

-, , , , , , . , -, , , , , , , , , .

2.

1990- . , - , . , - .

, - ( , ), , - ; - ( 3.1).

35 OECD Work on Aid for Trade // OECD Offi cial website. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/52/0,3746,

en_2649_37413_39145396_1_1_1_37413,00.html36 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.

html#OOF

77 3. : , ,

3.1. -

-

( )

(, )

50 . -- : .

- - , 1961 . - . 10 : , , , , , , ( 1974 ., 1991 .), , , , - . 1960- . 6 (1962), (1963), (1965), (1965), (1966), (1968), 1970- . (1973) (1975); 1980- . (1985); 1990- . (1991), (1992) (1999). 2010 ., . 24.

, - ( . 5), . : - , -; , - , - .

,

, 37. - . , - , . . -37 , , -

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78 .

, - . - , . - , - .

1) , . - , , . , , 12 - , , - (, , , , , , , , , , , ), , (, ), , . - 2005 .

2) , , , , (), . 1970- . , - , . , -. , , ( ) . - , , - ..

3) . , - , , , , , -, , , , , . , . - . , , -

79 3. : , ,

[Zimmerman, Smith, 2011].

. , - ( - ). , - , , , , . .

3.2.

.

- . : , ( , , ) ( -, , - ..).

, -- . - , . - ( , , , ..), , , , , , - 38.

- , - . -, , . , 38 .: .. .

// . 2006. 4.

80 .

. - ( ; - , ; ). , , - . . , , 70%. , - , , - , , .

-. . () , - . - . , , - , . , , , , , . (), - (), (), - (), - ().

. - ( - 1135 2010 ). - 80 , . -, , . , - - . , , , , -

81 3. : , ,

, - . - - , - , , . , . 2010 - 26 . . . - . - .

- , . , , - , - .

, , - - , .

2011 57,3 . . , , . - 26,7 . . 44,2 . . 2010 , - . 16,3 . . , 12% , . 3% 12,2 . . , 2,1 . . , 43% , 2010 . , 51 49,3 . . -16 , 18- -1539.

, , () . - , 1947 ., - , -, . () - , 39 . 2011. . : . .2 URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTANNREP2011/Resources/8070616-1315497443245/WBAR11_YearInReview_Russian.pdf

82 .

, . , / - /. - . 1800 , - - .

- - . - - - . - 1999 . ; - -, - .

, , - , . - - - , , - . , - .

-. , - . , -, , .

: - . - - . ( -) .

, 0,75% , - . .

83 3. : , ,

. :

; ;

; /; ; .

- - , - -.

, . , -, , , . -, , , . , - 10% , (6 4% )40.

, - :

- , - . , , -. - -.

- , , , - -. , 4 1989 . - . , , - .

40 OECD. 2012. Development Aid at a Glance. Statistics by Region. 1. Developing countries. 2012 edition. OECD Publishing. Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/5/42139479.pdf. P.6

84 .

- , . - , .

() -, . , , , . , -, (Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust), -: , - , . , (Post-Catastrophe Debt Relief Trust).

- , ( 30 -), 10% . - .

() , . - :

(). (). ().

(). ().

( - (), (), - (), () .). -, .

, , ( (), (), (), / (), ( ), (), (-) .

85 3. : , ,

-, - . - . 75% , , . - , , , , - .

- , . , , , - . - /, ( ), -, (), (), .

. 572 144 19,3 . . . (), - 1991 ., , -, , , - , ..

- (). -, , : (DAC), - (Development Centre), , (Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members/CCNM), - (Sahel & West Africa Club/SWAC).

(), , , -, . , . - -. (, 2005.) (Aid for Trade), - , .

86 .

, - , .

- , . - , . - , , , -, .

, . 230, - . , 15 90% .

, , - . -, . -, - . -, , . -- -, - - .

. (), , , - , , - , ..41 , , . , , - -. , . , 2003 . 59000 , 60% -, . - . , 15000 , . 1000 , -41 World Bank. 1989. Operational Directive 14.70: Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities. August 28, 1989.

87 3. : , ,

. , Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee 240 . . .

, , , - , , / -. - - , . , , -, - (NGDO non-governmental development organizations) -, -, .

. , - ( ) , . : , , , , , . , , , , ( 3.1).

. , 95000 . . , 55 552 - 237 . .

3.1.

, 1994 ., - . , . - -, , . 24 . . .

88 .

. - , (fragile states). , , - , .

, - , , - , - , , . - , , .

. , . - . : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) . - . .

1993 . - - - . , - . I , . II - , . , - I , (Offi cial Development Assistance, ODA). , II , (Offi cial Aid, OA). - ( ) I - II , . - , , , II 2005 . 2005. - , : , , , , , , , , , -, , , 42. 42 History of DAC Lists of Aid Recipient Countries. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/55/0,3746,en_2649_34447_35832055_1_1_1_1,00.

html#Origins

89 3. : , ,

- , , , . , ( ). - , 2011 ., 2011-2013 . 148 ( 3.3).

3.3. 2011-2013 .

-

1005 . 2010 .

1006-3975 . 2010 .

3976-12275 . 2010 .

48 6 40

54

: DAC List of ODA Recipients. Effective for reporting on 2011, 2012 and 2013 fl ows. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/50/48858205.pdf

, . , , - - . . , .

, . , , , , - , , - . : 1) ; , -; 2) , , . , - .

, 1135 . 2010 . - , , - . , - , . , .

90 .

- , . , - , - . , -, 2007 ., , , -, -43.

, - , . 50 (- 2/3 ). , - , 1,5 . , 40% ( , , 2005-2011 . , , 2015 . - 50%. , , - . - 2,5 , , 5 . (2010 .) , .

3.

, -, .

(aid modalities). 2011 . , 44, 8 -, , , .1) -

, -, -. - . - . -

43 OECD-DAC. 2007. Principles on Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations. OECD Publishing, Paris. P.344 OECD-DAC. 2009. Reporting Directives for the Creditor Reporting System. Addendum on Types of Aid URL:http://www.oecd.org/

dataoecd/11/27/44479737.pdf

91 3. : , ,

-, ( , ). , , , - -, . , - .

2) , - - ( , , , - (). :

2.1) , -, - , , , ;

2.2) - : - ;

2.3) , -. -, . , - - (trustee) , - . -, . , - - .

2.4) - , - / ( , - -).

3) . , , - / -

92 .

, . , , - . .

4) . -, -, - , . - : - (, -, ..; , - ..).

5) . -: , - . - , , .

6) , -, , () , - . (-) -, .

7) . , , - , ( ).

8) , . : ) - - - 12 ( , , , ); ) - - .

93 3. : , ,

, - -, : 1) (budget support); 2) ; 3) .

, . --, , . , -, , , , . , - , .

. - 45. . 1) :

) - , - ; , ;

) - ;

) , , .. , .

2) (, --, -) - , , .

3) - - .

4) - ;

5) , ; , - , - - .

45 OECD-DAC. Channel of Devlivery. URL:http://www.oecd.org/document/13/0,3746,en_2649_34447_39245773_1_1_1_1,00.html

94 .

. - . - - , , . --, , .

, . C , . : , (bilateral aid) , (multilateral aid).

- , -, , , - , -. .

, - -. , (multilateral outfl ows), , (- , ), -, , . - , ( 3.2 multilateral infl ows46).

, , . - - - (multilateral aid) , - (aid through multilaterals). - - - (multi-bilateral aid), . - , - , , , . 46 OECD-DAC. 2009. Reporting Directives for the Creditor Reporting System. Addendum on Types of Aid. URL: http://www.oecd.org/


95 3. : , ,

- , -.

(triangular/trilateral development cooperation) / -. : 1) (- ) ; 2) (pivotal countries , - ; 3) -. - . :

) + + --;

) + + --.

, , - ( ) , : 1)

;

2) - ;

3) - , - . -

. 2/3 - (16 , ). , , - ; ( ) , -, ( - ) [Ashoff , 2011].

, , .

() - ,

96 .

. . , - 25% , .. .

, -, : 1) (Maturity); 2) (

) (Grace period); 3) (Number of repayments per year); 4) (Repayment duration); 5) (Discount Rate); 6) (Interest rate during grace period); 7) (Interest rate during repayment

period);8) (Total number of repayments)47.

/ (Concessionality Level) /, - . . , -, . - : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ( ) . - , .. [-, , 2010, . 61-63, 73].

, 48. , , () , - , , - , .. , - .

. (Tied Aid) -, . - : (input conditionality) - (output conditionality). . , 47 Terms Analysis Calculation of the Grant Element. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/0/31738575.pdf; Directives for

Reporting to the Aid Activity Database (Creditor Reporting System), OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/56/0,3343,en_2649_34447_1948088_1_1_1_1,00.html

48 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. URL:http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.html#Grant

97 3. : , ,

, - -. , . - - ( ) -, . 1980 1990 ., - - - . , - . (Untied Aid) , 49. (Partly Untied Aid) , - , -50.

* * *

, , . - , , , - .. . , - - , , , , , XXI .

1. ? ?2. ? ?3. ?4. (Aid for Trade) ?5. ?49 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.

html#Untied_Aid50 DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts, OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42632800_1_1_1_1,00.

html#Partially_Untied

98 .

6. -.7. .8. ?9. -

?10. ?11. .12. ? 13. ?14. -

?15. - ?

?16. ? 17.

?18. , ? 19. -?20. // ?

1. .., .., .. 2009. - - // : -, , 4(26): 65 99.

2. .. (. ). 2010. - : .-. . : . . .

3. .. (. ). 2010. - : .-. . -: . . .

4. Ashoff , Guido. 2011. Triangular Cooperation: Opportunities, Risks, and Conditions for Eff ectiveness. Special Report, World Bank Institute. World Bank, Washington DC.

5. Manning, Richard. 2006. Will Emerging Donors Challenge the Face of International Cooperation? // Development Policy Review 24 (4): 371-383.

6. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2011. Development Cooperation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition. OECD, Paris.

7. OECD. 2011. 2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. OECD, Paris.8. World Bank. 2008. Aid Architecture. An Overview of the Main Trends in Offi cial

Development Assistance Flows. Working Paper. World Bank, Washington DC 9. Zimmermann, Felix, and Kimberly Smith. 2011. More Actors, More Money, More Ideas

for International Development Cooperation // Journal of International Development 23 (5): 722-738.

99 4. :

4.

:

1. .2. .3. , .4. .5. : .

, -, , , , . - , , , , .

1. .

, -, , . - , - . - 23 - , 22 : , ( - , , , , , ), (, , ), -, .

(, , , , , .), , , , , , . -

100 .

: - , , , - . , . , - , , , , , , - ( , - , -, ) ), , , - , .

, , . , , - 4.1. , , , -: , ; , .

4.1. , 1980-2010 . (. . 2009 .) ()

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

97.4 111.1 115.0 88.9 83.5 136.7 166.8

1. ()

80.7 81.1 89.5 73.7 72.8 123.5 130.0

: () 62.7 60.4 70.0 51.1 52.9 97.1 94.9

18.1 20.7 19.6 22.6 19.9 26.4 35.2

2. 16.7 30.0 25.5 15.2 10.7 13.3 36.8

: () 5.4 10.5 10.0 10.9 -2.2 12.6 5.4

11.2 19.5 15.5 4.3 12.9 0.7 31.4

- (b)

61.2 72.3 82.7 73.0 78.0 122.3 127.3

: 31.4 41.3 49.3 46.1 48.8 94.6 86.0

a) - , .

b) , ,

, .

: OECD-DAC. Statistics on Resource Flows to Developing Countries. Table 6. Offi cial Development Finance to Developing Countries.URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3746,en_2649_34447_1893129_1_1_1_1,00.html

101 4. :

, 1980 2010 . - 97,3 166,8 . . , 80,7 130,0 . . . 61,2 127,3 . . ; 18,1 35,2 . . ; 1,4 7,2 . . 2009 . 2,7 . . 2010 .

, 2010 . 56 . . , , - ((), ), 2009 . - 4 . ). , 230 . . .

.

- 4.1.

- , .

. 4.1. , 2009 . (. . ).

: Zimmermann, Smith, 2011. P. 723.

.

. 50 - 3 ( 38 . . 1960 . 131 . . 2010 .), (. 4.2).

i S i h 11

102 .

. 4.2 50 (19602010)

: OECD. 2011. Development Co-operation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris. P.222

1960-1973 . . - 1974 . 1990- . . - 1980- ., , -, - , 1997 . , , . . , , , , 11 2001 ., , - . 2002 ., (G8) 2005 . 2005 . - 26,0 . . ( , ) . 2007 . - - 9,7 . . , 2009 . 2,7 . . . . , - 2006-2007 . 2010 . - 131 . . . 2000-2010 . 63%.

. , 2011 . , , 1997 . 2,7% .

103 4. :

. 1958 . 51 , - - 1% , . , 0,75% . 1960- . 52, 0,7%. 1970 . -, , , , , , , , .

, 1960-2010 . - . 1960 1997 . : 0,5% 0,35% 1989 . 0,22% 1997 . ( 1960- . 0,4%). , - ( 0,24 0,08%). 1998 . . , -, 2005 .

15 , , 0,51% , . , . , 2010 . 19 . . 53. , 0,7% -. 2010 . / 0,32%, 2005 . 1992 . 2011 . 0,31%.

- ? -, , -- , 0,7% . - , , 280 . . . -, - ( , , 195 . . )54. . 51 (Th e World Council of Churches) , 1948 . -

, 348 100 , 400 . - ()

52 , 1968 . - .. . , - . .: Pages from World Bank History: Th e Pearson Commission. URL: http://go.worldbank.org/JYCU8GEWA0

53 DCR-2011. Annex A: DAC members aid performance in 2010. P.141.54 UN Millennium Project. 2005. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. New York. P.250

http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/MainReportComplete-lowres.pdf

104 .

-, . (), - . , , 2/3 (98 152, 27 -) 2013 . - . (Country programmable aid CPA) 8% 2008-2010 . 2% 2011-2013, 1,3% . - , CPA 1% 13% . , , , - , -55.

. - , , , - 1955 . 1950- 1960- . - , , , ; , , - ; , , . 19741994 . - 13,5% , 1,5% 5 , [World Bank, 2010, p. 5-7]. , (0,06% 1980 .).

1980- . . , -, - , . [Waltz, Ramachadrand, 2011, p.4]. , 1989 ., , - ( ()) [Waltz, Ramachandran, 2011. .4].55 OECD. 2011. Report on Aid Predictability: Survey on Donors Forward Spending Plans 2011 2013. URL: http://www.oecd.org/


105 4. :

1990- . 95% [Manning, 2006, p.372]. 2000- . . - (, , , , , - .) , - [Waltz, Ramachandran, 2011, p.5]. 2000- ., - . (, , , , ), - , , , [Waltz, Ramachandran, 2011, p.7].

2005-2009 . 2 ( 4,6 11 . . ) [Zimmerman, Smith, 2011, p.724] 2009 . 8% - . , . , , , , - ( 41 . . ) [Waltz, Ramachandran, 2011, p.7].

. - -, , ( ), . (multilateral outfl ows), . 4.3 - , , , 1970-2010 . , , , , ; , . - 19,9 . . 2000 . 35,1 . 2010 ., 27%.

106 .

. 4.3. , 1970 . (. . , 2009 ., 3 )

: OECD. 2012. Development Aid at a Glance. Statistics by Region. 1. Developing countries. 2012 edition. OECD Publishing. Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/5/42139479.pdf. P.6

, - - , , .

4.2. , - (. . )

1994-1995

1999-2000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

625 438 9 797 1 822 1 932 3 175 2 345

1 287 1 124 1 488 1 768 2 331 2 790 1 930

14 34 47 59 83 85 75

13 8 11 8 7 - -

5 770 5 693 40 310

10 829

9 291 12 793

12 123

490 477 514 4 452 552 1 025 1 204

b 1 738 905 4 718 521 1 038 2 605 2 973

37 39 73 74 104 76 65

9 973 8 718 56 959

19 534

15 339

22 549

20 716

c

178 241 348 461 491 399 521

- - 181 193 209 243 246

529 449 437 439 495 631 613

216 159 214 218 275 348 815

963 373 184 257 278 301 393

107 4. :

797 570 739 982 987 1 104 1 050

339 293 372 388 473 473 545

412 441 371 462 645 - -

1 244 355 473 233 317 293 244

- - - - - 437 366

d - - 74 82 120 121 151

4 678 2 882 3 392 3 715 4 291 4 348 4 943

4 841 5 001 10 132

11 435

12 868

13 024

12 570

- - - 968 748 501 783

e - - 557 1 062 814 711 530

- - 1 254 1 627 2 172 2 337 3 031

- 50 81 94 76 29 21

f 357 221 680 751 1 790 1 827 1 864

19 849 16 872 73 056

39 187

38 097

45 327

44 457

1 264 614 825 1 398 1 121 3 626 2 042

2 472 3 296 4 420 5 234 6 472 7 898 5 272

15 71 84 102 101 114 247

199 402 1 349 2 227 2 759 3 606 3 629

346 732 3 286 5 997 4 284 833 942

10 461 12 518 11 533

9 990 13 393

21 408

26 511

4 731 7 298 6 080 6 715 7 158 11 415

10 352

- 37 39 40 53 38 44

1 334 1 436 3 768 4 322 5 022 4 471 4 184

f - - - - - 362 1 983

20 821 26 406 31 385

36 025

40 364

53 771

55 206

a) , - .

b) .

c) . . 1990 . , 1996 ., - 1997 . 2000. , , . , , 2004 ., , . 2004 . .

d) , .

e) -.

f) , , .

: OECD-DAC. Statistics on Resource Flows to Developing Countries. Table 17 - Concessional and Non-Concessional Flows by Multilateral Organisations. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3746,en_2649_34447_1893129_1_1_1_1,00.html

108 .

. , , , , -, , -. (, , .). 6 , -, , , 2010 . 56 . . , 40% , , . , 39 . . , 17 . . . , / , - 56.

. , , , 20 . - . , (), , - . , World Vision International , , , , , , , , . . . , 1992 2008 ., 5 24 . . .

- ( ), - , , , .

2.

- . - , , - , - , -.

56 Hudson Institute. Center for Global Prosperity. 2012. Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances 2012 P.5. URL: http://www.hudson.org/fi les/publications/2012IndexofGlobalPhilanthropyandRemittances.pdf

109 4. :

. : 1990- . - ( 2001 . 67%), 2000- , 72% 2009 .; ( ), , 1990- . ( 2001 . 33%) 2000- . 28%. , - , 25% 19%. - - 1,5 . . .

, , - , 37% (47 . . 2007) 40% (51 . . ) 2009 ., - (. 4.4). , 12% - , , , . 2009 . 70% , , . , -.

. 4.4. - , 2009 (- , )

: OECD. 2011. 2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. OECD Publishing, Paris. P.30. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/61/49014277.pdf

=36 . .

( - /

) =77 . .

- / =

15 . .

, = 72%

, = 40%

= 28%

110 .

, .

4.3. / (19702009).

1970-79

1980-89

1990-99

2000-09

. .

% - --

. .

% - --

. .

% - - --

. .

% - - -

13884 22098 23901 29953

5305 38,2 7726 35 6705 28 6457 21,6

382 2,7 3216 14,5 2522 10,6 2704 9

3640 26,3 5963 27 6082 25,4 6456 21,6

/ 2270 16,3 4229 19,1 6720 28,1 10579 35,3

2287 16,5 964 4,4 1872 7,9 3757 12,5

: OECD. 2011. Development Co-operation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris. P.230-231. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42195902_1_1_1_1,00.html

2009 . 81% : + (37%), (21%), (10%), (5% 3%), (6%). ( 200), , 19%. - -- ( ) , . 4.5, - , . -, , , ( ), ( 100% -), 25% , - 70%, , , , , .

111 4. :

. 4.5. , - 2009 . - (. . )

: OECD. 2011. 2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. OECD Publishing, Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/61/49014277.pdf

, , / , 2004 2010 . ( 3,9 16,2 . . ); - , ( 4 12,3%). , - (- ), 5 , / ( -) . , -, , , - -. , , 2010 . -, , . , -, , .

. , , - . , 12 2010 . 65% -, - : , 75%, 65%. . , - , - , , , -

112 .

. , , 64%, , 95% 88% 57. 1973-2008 . - 87:13; . 19952007 . 89:11, 2008 . - : 95:5. 19952007 . 40% -, 40% , 20% 10% [World Bank, 2010, p.14]. , 1970- . 4 . - , , . , , , , , , . -, , 75% , .

. -, (multilateral outfl ows), - ( 4.4).

4.4. , -, ( )

2003 2003 2010 2010

(. . )

% (. . )

%

2,85 17% 9,0 21,4%

0,02 (0,001%) 2,2 5,2%

/ / 0,05 (0,001%)

0,65 4% 6,5 15,5%

0,02 (0,001%) 2,2 5,2%

13 79% 22,0 52,4%

16,5 100% 42,0 100%

: OECD. Creditor Reporting System online. URL: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=CRS1

57 OECD DAC. Statistics on Resource Flows to Developing Countries. Table 33 - ODA from Non-DAC Donors URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3746,en_2649_34447_1893129_1_1_1_1,00.html

113 4. :

3. ,

. - ( 4.5). , 1960- . - ( 20%), - . , - - . 1970- . ; . , 39% . - . , . . 1960- . - 4%, 1970-80 . 1314%, 1990- 8%. 2000- . 16% .

4.5. , - 1970-2009 ., (%)

- -

197079 24,8 24,4 22,5 15,2 2,7 10,4

198089 34,2 19,7 17,3 15,7 2,1 11,1

199099 34,6 14,0 20,8 14,7 4,3 11,6

200009 41,0 15,3 11,7 16,7 6,2 9,1

: OECD. 2011. Development Co-operation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris. P.232-233. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42195902_1_1_1_1,00.html

. ( 4.6), 10 : , (, , , - , , ).

114 .

4.6. 10 - (. . , - , )

2006 2009 2010 3

- (%)

1 4875 6235 6374 5828 5

2 9884 2791 2192 4956 4

3 3329 3819 3529 3559 3

4 2552 3732 2945 3076 2

5 2331 2933 2961 2742 2

6

2470 2817 2519 2602 2

7 1766 2357 3413 2512 2

8 2117 2500 2807 2475 2

9 1440 2769 3021 2446 2

10 2566 2351 2055 2324 2

94476 94664 99271 96137 75

-

127916 126968 131087 128657 100


40 ( 4.7) . - ( 32,% 39,2%), , (1,5% , 4,4 , 1,1% . 1990- (- 9%), ( 1,1%).

4.7. , 1970-2009 ., ; (%)

1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-09

32,2 39,3 34,0 39,2

16,2 11,1 11,8 14,7

42,4 41,1 47,2 38,0

9,2 8,5 7,0 8,1

: OECD. 2011. Development Co-operation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris. P.234-235. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932514684

115 4. :

2010 . - : 49%; 16%; 27%; 8%.

, - , - , - . , , , - , , (. 4.6).

. 4.6. 2005-2009 . (. . )

: OECD. Ensuring Fragile States Are Not Left Behind. 2011 Factsheet on Resource Flows in Fragile States. http://www.oecd.org/document/20/0,3746,en_2649_33693550_49406804_1_1_1_1,00.html

, .

-- - . , , , . - , ( ) , [Lundsgaarde, 2011, p.2]. , .

116 .

: (52%), - (19%), (15%), (6%), - 3%, 1%. , , , , , , - (), , , . : 36%, 31%, 15%, 8%, 8%, 2%. - : , , , , , , -, , , .

. . - , - . - , ; , - (-) . , , , - . - 2000-2007 . - : (61%), (15%), (10%), (9%), (4%), (1%) [World Bank, 2010, p.13-15].

. , - , - , , - .

. ( , : , ; : , , ) - ( 4.8).

117 4. :

4.8. , 1999-2010 . (%)

: OECD DAC. Statistics on Resource Flows to Developing Countries. TABLE 27. Regional Distribution of ODA by Individual DAC Donors and Multilateral Agencies URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3746,en_2649_34447_1893129_1_1_1_1,00.html

4.

. - . 197080- . - , , - , 2/3 . 16% . 1980- . - 2 1,5 , 10% .

1990-2000- . . - 25 19 18 8% (. 4.7). , ( 20 4%) ( 18 8%) . , , - , 2,5 17 39%. - . , 2000- . , 13%, 3%. , -

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

1999-2000

2004-2005

2009-2010

25,8 32,5 36,1 13,0 11,9 19,7 29,2 15,4 16,9 11,2 26,7 11,7 7,6 3,9 4,7 13,2 9,7 10,9

-

41,6 47,2 45,6 8,8 9,8 14,7 15,0 8,9 11,0 11,9 19,6 11,2 9,4 4,7 5,8 13,3 9,8 11,6

34,7 43,4 42,1 7,5 10,0 11,0 6,0 5,0 4,1 17,3 18,6 13,5 23,8 14,4 18,9 10,6 8,6 10,4

- b

39,5 46,9 54,0 29,6 31,6 23,9 13,0 8,8 10,5 2,6 1,5 1,1 2,7 2,9 1,1 12,5 8,3 9,4

- c

- 50,0 55,3 7,2 6,3 16,1 76,0 19,8 15,2 1,6 4,8 2,8 3,3 3,2 2,4 11,9 15,9 8,2

d

38,2 42,2 45,9 17,0 16,5 17,0 11,4 9,9 7,5 19,6 21,6 20,5 5,0 3,7 3,3 8,9 6,2 5,7

29,5 36,0 41,0 15,6 14,7 19,4 23,6 13,5 14,1 10,6 21,9 9,9 8,0 4,6 5,3 12,6 9,4 10,4

) ,

b) , (PRGF)

c) , ,

d) , , , , , , , , , , ,

118 .

. 2009 . 5,5 . . , (2,7 . . ), (5,1 . . ), (3,1 . . ).

. 4.7. (%)


- , - . - , .

. , - , , . 2000- . 57%. 4.8 ( 2010 .)

. 4.8. 2010 . (%)


119 4. :

. , . - -, , , . - -. - , , , , (, , 46 45% - , - 25%)58.

. , (, -, , ), XXI ( -), , [World Bank, 2010, p.15].

. - . , , , - , (capacity-building).

. , - - . , . (10,1 vs 17,2% ), (+) (37,9 41% ). , (11,5% vs 7,7% ) (12,1% vs 8,9%), - (2,0% 0,9 ).

5. :

2000- . , , . 58 Petrova Tsveta, 2011. Th e New Role of Central and Eastern Europe in International Democracy Support, Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace, Washington, DC P.11

120 .

. - , , - , - .

- , .

-, 10 - , . -: 1) , ,

, , ;

2) , , - ;

3) : - 242 , 24 40 ;

4) - ( 1940- . 4 , 50; 30 ). . -

, , , , , , , -, . , - , , - -.

, -, . - , , -. , , - , . , . - , -, ( 7).

-, . , , - . , -,

121 4. :

, - -. 2011 ., 21 (11 10 ). - ( 26 , 24, 17 8). 2009 . - - 73 152 - , 69. - 40%; , 2 5 (non-signifi cant). 45% - 34% 59.

, - , , - -. - .

-, - , - , - - , -, , , . 1993 . - 200%, 5%. - , , -. . - - , , . 1993 . 13 26%.

-, -, , , -, .

, : ; -,

, - .;

59 OECD. 2011. 2011 OECD Report on Division of Labour: Addressing Cross-country Fragmentation of Aid. OECD Publishing, Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/14/49106391.pdf

122 .

(, , , ..); , -

; -; ; - (donor herding); , ( 50% -

, -, --);

-, - -60.

, , , , , - 61. 1970-1990- . , 62. , . , - , - . , - . - , - - - . - - . , . - -. , - , .

-, . - 15 30% 40% . - , , - -. , 60 Kharas, Homi. Measuring the cost of aid volatility.Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings, WP 3, July 2008; Clist, Paul.25 Years of

Aid Allocation Practice: Comparing Donors and Eras. CREDIT Research Paper, No 09/11.61 Desai R., Kharas H. Th e Determinants of Aid Volatility.Global Economy and Development.Working Paper 42.2010, September.62 Osei, R., O. Morrissey and R. Lensink (2002), Th e Volatility of Capital Infl ows:Measures and Trends for Developing Countries, CREDIT

Research Paper 02/20.

123 4. :

, -. 2001 . . .

, - - . -. , - . - -, - , .

* * *

- -, - . - , - , . ( , - , , , ..) - . - - , - , . , , , , , - - , . -, , - , , - .

124 .

1. ?2. -

.3. -

, . 4. -

, .5. -

.6. -

? 7. - -

?8. ? 9. ?10.

?

1. Hammad, Lama, and Bill Morton. 2009. Non-DAC Donors and Reform of the International Aid Architecture. Issues Brief. Th e North-South Institute, Ottawa.

2. Hudson Institute. Center for Global Prosperity. 2012. Th e Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances 2012. A Comprehensive Guide to the Sources and Magnitude of Global Giving to Developing World. Hudson Institute, Washington, DC.

3. Kharas, Homi. 2008. Measuring the Costs of Aid Volatility. WP 3. Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings Institution, Washington DC.

4. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2008. Better Aid. 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration. Making Aid More Eff ective by 2010. OECD, Paris.

5. OECD. 2011. 2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. OECD, Paris. URL:http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/61/49014277.pdf

6. OECD. 2011. Development Co-operation Report 2011: 50th Anniversary Edition. OECD, Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,3746,en_2649_33721_42195902_1_1_1_1,00.html

7. OECD. 2011. 2011 OECD Report on Division of Labour: Addressing Cross-Country Fragmentation of Aid. OECD, Paris. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/14/49106391.pdf

8. Riddel, Roger C. 2007. Does Foreign Aid Really Work? Oxford: Oxford University Press.9. Tarp, Finn (ed.). 2002. Foreign Aid and Development. Lessons Learnt and Directions for

the Future. London : Routledge.

125 4. :

10. UN-DESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Aff airs). 2010. Development Cooperation for the MDGs: Maximizing Results. United Nations, New York.

11. Waltz, Julie, and Vijaya Ramachandran. 2011. Brave New World: A Literature Review of Emerging Donors and the Changing Nature of Foreign Assistance. CGD Working Paper 273. Center for Global Development, Washington, DC.

12. World Bank. 2006-2012. Global Development Finance, 2006-2012. World Bank, Washington, DC.

13. World Bank. 2010. Arab Development Assistance: Four Decades of Cooperation. World Bank, Washington, DC.

14. Zimmermann, Felix, and Kimberly Smith. 2011. More Actors, More Money, More Ideas for International Development Cooperation // Journal of International Development 23 (5): 722-738.

127 5. :

5.

:

:1. : .2. .3. .4. .

- , . , - , , - . , , . , , , - , , -.

1. :

- -, 1961 . . 10 , -, , , , ( 1974 ., - 1991 .), , , , , . 1960- . 6 (1962), (1963), (1965), (1965), (1966), (1968); 1970- . (1973) (1975); 1980- . (1985); 1990- . (1991), (1992) (1999). - 2010 ., . 24.

128 .

. ( , , ); . , , , - , , .

-.

-, - , , 2010 . 131 . . . -. , 0,7% 0,32% 2010 . (. 5.1). , 0,7%, , , - , .

.5.1. 2010 . (%)

: Fitzsimons, Emla, Daniel Rogger and George Stoye (IFS). UK Development Aid. // Carl Emmerson, Paul Johnson and Helen Miller (eds). The IFS Green Budget: February 2012 Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2012. . URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/budgets/gb2012/12chap7.pdf P.157

129 5. :

- :

. 5.2. , - 2010 . (. . )

: Fitzsimons, Emla, Daniel Rogger and George Stoye (IFS). UK development aid. // Emmerson, Carl, Paul Johnson, and Helen Miller (eds). The IFS Green Budget: February 2012 Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2012. URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/budgets/gb2012/12chap7.pdf P.158

: , -, , , . 10 , 1990- ., . , , 5- . - 2-4- . , .

-, , - - ( 67 72% - ), , , ( 33% 28% 19% ), - . (. 5.3).

130 .

. 5.3. - (%; 2010; )

: OECD. 2011. 2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. OECD Publishing, Paris. P.25. URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/61/49014277.pdf

. 5.4. , 2010 (%)

: OECD-DAC. Statistics on Resource Flows to Developing Countries. Table 23 - Tying Status of ODA by Individual DAC Members, 2010, percentages URL: http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3746,en_2649_34447_1893129_1_1_1_1,00.html

131 5. :

-, , . - , , - . , 40% .

-, , - / : 2004 2010 . ( 3,9 16,2 . . ); , ( 4% 12,3%). 5 , / ( -) .

-, , - 0-1% (, , -, , ) 67,7% (. 5.4).

, . ( , , , ), , . , . .

, . , , , - , , , - . , ; - . . , , - , - -. , , 1997 . , , -. . -

132 .

+ (Nordic+), , , , , , . . -, , , - , - , .

- . - - , - 11 2001 . - . , 2011 . , .

- . - 2008-2009 ., , , . - , - .

, , - . , , - - ; , - , -, 15 .

2.

. 60 - , , ,

133 5. :

, - . - , - .

, . , , XIX . . - - . - .

1948 . . , - , - , , . 1949 ., . , - . 1950- ., -, , - . 1953 . (United States Foreign Operations Administration), (International Cooperation Administration), 1961 . - (USAID).

- , ( ), - . - , . 1950- . - ; 1960- ., , -; 1960- . ; 1970- . - , , , ; 1980- ., -, .

134 .

- , . - -, ( - ). - ( 50%).

, , , . , , . 1960- . , .

1970-80- . -. -, - . -, . - - . 1979 . 4/5 , (22,5 . . ), [Lancaster, 2000, p.18].

1989 . - - , , .. , - . - -, . [Lancaster, 2010, p.27]. - , . ( ), 1 ( ); . , - 11 2001 .

2002 . - , - ( 3D: development, diplomacy, defense) , .

135 5. :

. , - , . 2004 . : XXI , : 1) ; 2) - (fragile states); 3) ; 4) - ; 5) - 63. 2005 ., . -., , , 164.

. , . 2006 ., , , . . - , 5 : 1) ; 2) ; 3) - ; 4) ; 5) .

- . 2005 . - , , , - , - . - [, 2011].

3D . -, -. - . , - . -, . -, - . -, - , .

63 US Agency for International Development. 2004. US Foreign Aid: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century, White Paper. Washington, DC: USAID.

64 US Agency for International Development/Department of State. 2004. Strategic Plan. Fiscal years, 2004-2009 Aligning Diplomacy and Development Assistance // USAID [Offi cial website]. URL: http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget/state_usaid_strat_plan.pdf

136 .

. 2010 . - -, . - 2010 . . 3 : 1) - (Feed the Future) ; 2) (Global Health) PEPFAR65; 3) - (Global Climate Change). , : - , , , , , .

. 1961 ., , , , , . , 604- , - , - ; , , . 1961 . ( 1989 . 17 ). 140 - 400 . , .

. , , 27 , . , - , , .

. c 2006 . ; . , . -. - . . - , 88 . 65 (Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Response PEPFAR)

137 5. :

- ( ), , . - 2004 . 2002 . - (Millennium Challenge Account MCA) 5 . . (Millennium Challenge Corporation MCC). - , - , - ( 17 ).

, . -. - - (Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Response PEPFAR), - .

-, . , - , - , -, (). /.

- . -: - .

. , . -. - : .

. . 1960- . 60% - , . . 1989 . 1993 2000 . ( 1995 . 2 ). . 2002 . . -. -

138 .

5 . . (2004-2006), 2000 . ( - ). 4 - 11,2 27,6 . . ( ). - . - , , . - (Middle East Partnership Initiative MEPI) 2002 ., - .

. 5.5. , 2001-2010 ., (. . )

: AidFlows Database. URL: http://www.aidfl ows.org/index.html?id=US&m=do_1_1_1&mif=false&wbg=false

, -. 2010 . 30,1 . . , 23% . - (. 5.6). , 0,7% (- ), .

139 5. :

. 5.6. , 20012010 . (%)


- , . , 2012 . - - (11,2 . . ).

- , . 2002 2005 . 5,6 21,7% (23,6% -) 6 . . . - 65 40%. . -. 2008 . 8,3%, , -. - 38%, 34%, 7%, MCC 4% 3%, 14% .

. - , . , 1960-2009 ., (20,9% vs 26,4% ). - 1993 . . 2007-2009 . . . . 13%, -, . 2010 . - 12,5% (3,76 . . ); - 87,5%, 28% 72% (. 5.7).

140 .

. 5.7. , - (. . )


4- - ( 9%) , - , . - . 5.8.

. 5.8. 10 , - (. . )


, - , - - 27%. , , - . , , - - . - , .

141 5. :

, - . - ( 47% 2005 . 32% 2009 .), 6- . - - - . , - .

19621988 . 32% - , . , - - -, , , , . . -, - . -, , - . -, - , , - . - , - .

. . , 2010 . 180 . - - . , 2005 ., , -, , , , . -, 1990- ., , . 2012 , 15%. 2008-2010 . : 27% ; 20% - ; 17% ; 8% ; 4% ; 2% ; 22% .

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