سورة الفاتحة

الفاتحةالفاتحةسورةسورةThe Qur’ān The Qur’ān

Divine interpretation of the Book of Existence. Divine interpretation of the Book of Existence.

Surah 1Surah 1

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Al-Fatihah (The Opening)Al-Fatihah (The Opening)

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Al-Fatihah Al-Fatihah (The Opening)(The Opening)

It is called Sūrat al-FātihahIt is called Sūrat al-Fātihah

because it is the because it is the opening chapteropening chapter of the Qur’ān of the Qur’ān.

QUR’AN ( (قرآن- Continuous reading(al-)Qur’ān: The Qur’ān; the last Book of God which He

revealed to the Prophet Muhammad,upon him be peace and blessings, as His last and universal Message to conscious, responsible beings

(as-)Suhuf (pl. of as-Sahīfah): Scrolls given to some Messengers

(as- )Sunnah: The way of God’s Messenger,upon him be peace and blessings.

SURAH (سورة) (as-)Sūrah: An independent chapter of the Qur’ān

DefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitions

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AYAH (singular) - AYAT (plural)

Definition of Ayah

(al-)‘Āyah: A manifest sign; miracle; lesson to be taken from an event; each of the Qur’ān’s independent sentences between two points (verses)


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Āyātun bayyināt: The signs or messages which are clear in meaning and content (as evidence of the truth)

(al-)Āyat al-Kursīyy: The verse of the Divine Seat of Dominion. It is verse 255 of Sūrat al-Baqarah, which makes God known through some of His Names and Attributes.


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(al-)Basmalah:

The phrase, Bismi’llāhir-Rahmāni’r-Rahīm, meaning in (and with) the Name of God, the All-Merciful, the

All-Compassionate


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(al-)Fard: Any obligatory religious act

(al-)Farā’id: Plural of al-fard. It is also used to mean the science of sharing inheritance.

Fard ‘Ayn: Any act which is obligatory on every Muslim who is mature, healthy, and sane

Fard Kifayah: A collective duty of the Muslim community, so that if some people carry it out, no Muslim is considered blameworthy, but if no one carries it out, all incur a collective guilt.


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(al-)Hadīth: Communication, narration, word or saying. As a term, it denotes the record of whatever the Prophet (upon him be peace and blessings) said, did, or tacitly approved. According to some scholars, the word hadīth also covers reports about the sayings and deeds, etc., of the Companions of the Prophet, in addition to those of the Prophet himself. The whole body of Traditions is termed Hadīth, and the science which deals with it is called ‘Ilm al-Hadīth.

Hadīth qudsī: A saying of God narrated by His Messenger but not included in the Qur’ān


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(al-)Mu’min: The Believer. A person who has faith in whatever must be believed in and is a righteous and obedient servant of His

(al-)Munāfiq: One who is a believer outwardly or professes faith, while one is an unbeliever inwardly and in reality

(al-)Mushrik: A polytheist: a person who commits Shirk (see Shirk) – who associates partners with God in His Divinity, Lordship, and Sovereignty, or in any of these

(al-)Muslim: One who believes in whatever is to be believed in and practices Islam in his daily life in submission to God; (law) one who professes faith and, as a citizen of a Muslim st ate, joins a Muslim congregation in the Prayer and pays the Zakāh


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(as-)Sirāt al-Mustaqīm: The only Straight Path to God, which the Prophet Muhammad, upon him be peace and blessings. demonstrated to humankind and the jinn, and was manifested by way of the Qur’an and Sunnah.

(as-)Sab‘u’l-Mathānī (Sab‘an mina’l-Mathānī): Another name for Sūrat al-Fātihah, meaning the Seven Doubly-Repeated Verses

(ar-)Rabb: Lord, Master; the Lord It has three sets of related meanings: (i) Upbringer, Trainer, Sustainer, Nourisher;(ii)Lord and Master;(iii)He Who directs and controls.


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ح�م 1 الر� الله� م� يم� اب�س� ح� الر� ن� IN THENAME OF GOD, THEALL-MERCIFUL,THE ALL-COMPASSIONATE

ال�ع�ال�م�ين 2 �ب ر� لل�ه� د م� ال�ح�All praise and gratitude are for God, the Lord of the worlds,

مـ 3 ح� يم� االر� ح� الر� ن� The All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate,

الد�ين� 4 ي�و�م� ال�ك� م�The Master of the Day of Judgment.

ت�ع�ين 5 ن�س� �ي�اك� وإ ن�ع�ب د �ي�اك� .You alone do We worship, and from You alone do we seek help إ

يم� 6 الم ست�ق� اط� ر� �الص ـــا اهد�نـ�Guide us to the straight path.

وب� 7 الم�غض غ�ير� م� ع�ل�يه� أ�نع�مت� ال�ذ�ين� اط� ر� ص�ال�ين� الض� و�ال� م� ع�ل�يه�

The Path of those whom You have favored, not of those who have incurred (Your) wrath (punishment and condemnation), nor of those who are astray.

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Surat al Fatiha summaries Surat al Fatiha summaries the whole Qur’anthe whole Qur’an

SURAT AL FATIHA SURAT AL FATIHA

QURAN

SALAT

SHADAH (The Testimony of Faith)SHADAH (The Testimony of Faith)We read in Salat.We read in Salat.

SAVM (FASTING)SAVM (FASTING)We do not eat, drink, talk…We do not eat, drink, talk…

HAJJ (The Pilgrimage to Makkah)HAJJ (The Pilgrimage to Makkah)We face to Qibla (Kaba in Makkah)We face to Qibla (Kaba in Makkah)

Zakat (Almsgiving)Zakat (Almsgiving)We devote our time to gain pleasure of We devote our time to gain pleasure of AllahAllah

SALAT summaries all type worships of creationSALAT summaries all type worships of creation

Kiyam (Standing) :

Represents prayers of trees, mountains, and angels who worship in standing.

Ruku (Bowing) :

Represents prayers of camels, sheep, cows (4 legged animals) and angels who worship in bowing.

Sajdah (Prostration ) :

Represents prayers of ants, butterflies, reptiles and angels who worship in prostration all time.

WORSHIP of WORSHIP of ALL CREATIONALL CREATION

SALAT BRINGS ALL THE SALAT BRINGS ALL THE MINIATURES TOGETHERMINIATURES TOGETHER

SURAT AL FATIHA SURAT AL FATIHA SALATHUMAN

QURANUNIVERSEUNIVERSE

The Prophet (sallAllahu alayhi wasallam) said, “I will teach you a Surah which is the greatest Surah in the Qur'an…”

The Greatest Surah in the Qur’anThe Greatest Surah in the Qur’anThe Greatest Surah in the Qur’anThe Greatest Surah in the Qur’an

He said, “Al-Hamdu-Lillah Rabbi-l-Alamin which is Al-Sab'a Al-Mathani (seven repeatedly recited

Verses) and the Grand Qur'an which has been given to me.”

[Sahih Bukhari, Book #60, Hadith #1]20

Narrated Ibn Abbaas (radiyAllahu anhu):

“While the Messenger of Allah (sallAllahu alayhi wasallam) was sitting with Jibreel (alayhi assalam), he heard a creaking sound above him. Jibreel looked up and said,

“This is the sound of a gate that has been opened in heaven today and has never been previously opened.”

Then an Angel descended through it and came to the Prophet (sallAllahu alayhi wasallam) and said,

• “Rejoice in the good news of two lights that have been given to you such as no prophet before you has been given.

• [They are] Surah al-Fatihah and the concluding [two] Ayat of Surah al-Baqarah. You will never recite a word from them without being given the blessings they contain."

[An-Nisaee and al-Haakim]

Revealed by a Special AngelRevealed by a Special AngelRevealed by a Special AngelRevealed by a Special Angel

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Opening Surah in the Qur’an

Beginning of book

Commanded to recite 17 times a day

Every Surah in Qur’an is related to Surah al-Fatihah

This Surah explains the whole Qur’an

Everything in our life is related to this Surah

We live with this Surah in our daily life

Understand it, live with it, and feel it

Unique VirtuesUnique VirtuesUnique VirtuesUnique Virtues

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With its marvelously With its marvelously brief brief and and comprehensive words, it balances praise comprehensive words, it balances praise and petition perfectly, and it establishes and petition perfectly, and it establishes

four main themes or purposes of the four main themes or purposes of the

Qur’ānic guidance.Qur’ānic guidance.

(1) Existence and Unity of God, (1) Existence and Unity of God, (2) Prophethood, (2) Prophethood, (3) the Resurrection and afterlife, and (3) the Resurrection and afterlife, and (4) Worship and justice.(4) Worship and justice.

Key to every Surah, Key to every Surah, Key to the whole Qur’anKey to the whole Qur’an

Key to every Surah, Key to every Surah, Key to the whole Qur’anKey to the whole Qur’an

Allah SWT says, “I have divided the prayer (Al-Fatihah) between Myself and my slave equally and My slave shall be granted what he asked for.”

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Hadith QudsiHadith Qudsi

[Sahih Muslim]

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When he says, ‘Guide us to the straight path, the path of those whom You have favored, not of

those who earned Your anger, nor of those who have gone astray’

When he says, ‘the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful,’

When he says, ‘Master of the Day of Judgment,’

When he says, ‘You alone we worship and You alone we seek for help,’

Therefore when the slave says,‘All praises and thanks are due to

Allah, the Lord of the universe’,

Allah says, ‘My slave has praised Me.’

Allah says, ‘My slave has glorified Me.’

Allah says, ‘My slave has related all matters to Me.’

Allah says, ‘This is between Me and My slave and My slave shall

have what he requested.’

Allah says, ‘This is for My slave and My slave

shall have what he asked for.’

(61 A.H. – 101 A.H.)

• 5th Khilafah (99 A.H. - 101 A.H.)

• Great grandson of Omar ibn Al-Khattab

• Recited Surah al-Fatihah with long pauses

• Waiting for Allah to answer him

• Enjoying the response of Allah SWT

Omar ibn Abdul AzizOmar ibn Abdul AzizOmar ibn Abdul AzizOmar ibn Abdul Aziz

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Um Al-Qur’anMother of the Qur’an

Um Al-KitabMother of the Book

Al-Qur’an Al-AtheemThe Glorious Qur’an

Al-WaffiyahThe Complete One

Al-RuqyahThe Remedy

As-SalahThe Prayer

Al-HamdThe Praise

Ash-ShifaThe Cure

Saba’ul Mathanee7 repeated verses

Names of Surah al-FatihahNames of Surah al-Fatihah

11 points 11 points to remember from to remember from

Surah al-FatihahSurah al-Fatihah

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ين� ال�ع�ال�م� �ب ر� لل�ه� د م� ال�ح�Al Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil Aalameen

All praise and gratitude are for God, the Lord of the worlds.

1. Reminder of Allah’s Favors & 1. Reminder of Allah’s Favors & BountiesBounties

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It should be noted that all praise and thanks are due It should be noted that all praise and thanks are due to God alone, and are His alone. to God alone, and are His alone.

Wherever beauty, excellence and perfection occur, Wherever beauty, excellence and perfection occur, the ultimate source is God. the ultimate source is God.

No created beings, whether angels or humans, No created beings, whether angels or humans, heavenly or earthly objects, have anything other than heavenly or earthly objects, have anything other than

a dependent excellence, beauty or perfection. a dependent excellence, beauty or perfection.

ين� ال�ع�ال�م� �ب ر� لل�ه� د م� ال�ح�Al Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil Aalameen

All praise and gratitude are for God, the Lord of the worlds.

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““Worlds” translates the Arabic ‘ālamīn (singular, Worlds” translates the Arabic ‘ālamīn (singular, ‘ālam). The word comes from ‘alam, ‘alāmah, meaning ‘ālam). The word comes from ‘alam, ‘alāmah, meaning something by which another thing is known. Thus, in something by which another thing is known. Thus, in

this perspective, every individual thing or set of things, this perspective, every individual thing or set of things, from the tiniest sub-atomic particles to the largest from the tiniest sub-atomic particles to the largest

nebulae and galaxies, is a “world” and indicates God. nebulae and galaxies, is a “world” and indicates God. The plural form (‘ālamīn) is particularly used for The plural form (‘ālamīn) is particularly used for

conscious beings, giving the sense that everything that conscious beings, giving the sense that everything that is created is as if conscious, and signifying that its is created is as if conscious, and signifying that its pointing to God’s Existence, Unity and Lordship is pointing to God’s Existence, Unity and Lordship is

extremely clear for conscious beings. extremely clear for conscious beings.

الد�ين� ي�و�م� ال�ك� م�Maaliki yawm mid-deen

The Master of the Day of Judgment.

مـ ح� ن�االر� Ar-Rahman

The All-Merciful

يم� ح� الر�Ar-Rahimthe All-

Compassionate

2. Reminder of the Names 2. Reminder of the Names and Attributes of Allahand Attributes of Allah

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MercyMercy

مـ ح� ن� االر�

يم� ح� الر�Ar-Rahman Ar-RahimMost Gracious Most

Merciful

3. Reminder of the main 3. Reminder of the main connection between us and connection between us and

Allah (SWT)Allah (SWT)

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Choose your way…

RealityIllusion

God’s mercy God’s mercy encompasses encompasses everything.everything.

There is no There is no mercy, no mercy, no

purpose in life.purpose in life.

Mālik => MasterMālik => Master means both owner and sovereignmeans both owner and sovereign

Although God allows the existence of sovereigns in this world because He Although God allows the existence of sovereigns in this world because He has endowed humankind with free will, He will be the sole, absolute has endowed humankind with free will, He will be the sole, absolute

Sovereign on the Day of Judgment. Sovereign on the Day of Judgment.

““Whose is the absolute Sovereignty on that Whose is the absolute Sovereignty on that Day? It is God’s, the One, the All-Overwhelming Day? It is God’s, the One, the All-Overwhelming (with absolute sway over all that exist).”(with absolute sway over all that exist).” (40: 16).) (40: 16).)

الد�ين� ي�و�م� ال�ك� الد�ين� م� ي�و�م� ال�ك� م�Maaliki yawm mid-deenMaaliki yawm mid-deen

The Master of the Day of Judgment.The Master of the Day of Judgment.

4. Reminder that sincerity is only 4. Reminder that sincerity is only to Allahto Allah

ت�ع�ين ن�س� �ي�اك� وإ ن�ع�ب د �ي�اك� إIyyaka na’budu wa iyyaka na’stayeenYou alone we worship & You alone we

seek for help

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As for the sincere servant of God, he is a As for the sincere servant of God, he is a worshipping servant who does not degrade worshipping servant who does not degrade himself to bow in worship, even before the himself to bow in worship, even before the

greatest of the creatures. greatest of the creatures.

Servanthood in Islam is the only means to true Servanthood in Islam is the only means to true human freedom and dignity.human freedom and dignity.

The Prescribed Prayer (the Salāh) and the The Prescribed Prayer (the Salāh) and the Pilgrimage (the Hajj) are public occasions that Pilgrimage (the Hajj) are public occasions that

demonstrate this most clearly.demonstrate this most clearly.

No one is greater than any other in being a No one is greater than any other in being a servant and, therefore, none is worthy of servant and, therefore, none is worthy of

worship or adoration. Every created being, worship or adoration. Every created being, whether a Prophet or a common human, is whether a Prophet or a common human, is equally removed from being an object of equally removed from being an object of

worship.worship.

5. Reminder of the unity of the 5. Reminder of the unity of the UmmahUmmah

�ي�اك� وإ ن�ع�ب د �ي�اك� إت�ع�ين ن�س�

Iyyaka nana budu wa iyyaka nana’stayeen

You alone we worship andYou alone we seek for help

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Iyyaka nana budu wa iyyaka nana’stayeen

The collective aspect refers to

(i) the individual person with all the systems and cells of his/her body,

(ii) the group(s) of believers who have come together at any place or time to worship God, and

(iii) to the whole body of believers throughout the world who have turned to the Ka‘bah to worship.

6. Reminder to keep good 6. Reminder to keep good companycompany

اط� ر� �الص ـــا اهد�نـ�يم� الم ست�ق�

Ihdinasiratal mustaqim Guide us on the straight

path

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Sirāt is used in the Qur’ān in the singular; the Sirāt is used in the Qur’ān in the singular; the word has no plural. This tells us that it is the word has no plural. This tells us that it is the only road leading to God, although there are only road leading to God, although there are many roads (sabīl) leading to the Path. It is many roads (sabīl) leading to the Path. It is

qualified with the adjective straight, meaning qualified with the adjective straight, meaning that the Straight Path is the way of the Qur’ān, that the Straight Path is the way of the Qur’ān,

with no crookedness at all (18: 1) with no crookedness at all (18: 1)

7. Warning against bad company7. Warning against bad company


Ihdinasiratal mustaqim Guide us on the straight path

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It is the It is the middle waymiddle way having nothing to do with any extremes. having nothing to do with any extremes. It is equally farIt is equally far

from communism and capitalism in economy, from communism and capitalism in economy, from absolutism and anarchism in politics, from absolutism and anarchism in politics, from realism and idealism in philosophy, from realism and idealism in philosophy,

from materialism and spiritualism in belief, from materialism and spiritualism in belief, from being exclusively this-worldly or exclusively other-worldly in from being exclusively this-worldly or exclusively other-worldly in

world-view. world-view.

It is the It is the middle waymiddle way considering human psychology and considering human psychology and the realities of life and creation.the realities of life and creation.

8. Istiqama - Reminder to stay 8. Istiqama - Reminder to stay on the straight pathon the straight path


Ihdinasiratal mustaqim Guide us on the straight

path

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Path => Sirāt.Path => Sirāt. It is a way having ups and downs, one wide in some of its It is a way having ups and downs, one wide in some of its parts and narrow in others, and difficult to walk on. It is parts and narrow in others, and difficult to walk on. It is

described in a Prophetic Tradition as a path or bridge with ups described in a Prophetic Tradition as a path or bridge with ups and downs, one having walls on its sides, and doors and and downs, one having walls on its sides, and doors and

windows opening on the outside. The walls are the rules of windows opening on the outside. The walls are the rules of the Islamic Sharī‘ah, which protect it from external attacks the Islamic Sharī‘ah, which protect it from external attacks and save those following it from veering off. The doors and and save those following it from veering off. The doors and

windows are the openings to things forbidden. Those windows are the openings to things forbidden. Those following the Path should not follow these openings lest they following the Path should not follow these openings lest they

go astray.go astray.

9. Reminder of the Hereafter: As-9. Reminder of the Hereafter: As-SiratSirat

أ�نع�مت� ال�ذ�ين� اط� ر� ص�م� ع�ل�يه�

Siratal latheena an ‘amta alayhim

The path of those who earned your favor

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Even if one can, by studying creation and reflecting on it, Even if one can, by studying creation and reflecting on it, work out that there must be One Who has created it, none work out that there must be One Who has created it, none can discover what the Straight Path is through reasoning can discover what the Straight Path is through reasoning

alone.alone.

•People attain happiness in both worlds through it, and People attain happiness in both worlds through it, and realize the aim of their creation. In order to be able to find realize the aim of their creation. In order to be able to find and follow the true Religion, God points us towards some and follow the true Religion, God points us towards some persons He has chosen among people. persons He has chosen among people.

•He describes them as those whom He has favored. He He describes them as those whom He has favored. He presents the Straight Path as their way, and presents the Straight Path as their way, and

•He publicizes their identity in another verse (4: 69):He publicizes their identity in another verse (4: 69):

Whoever obeys God and the Messenger (as they must be Whoever obeys God and the Messenger (as they must be obeyed), then those are (and in the Hereafter will be, in obeyed), then those are (and in the Hereafter will be, in Paradise) in the company of those whom God has favored Paradise) in the company of those whom God has favored (with the perfect guidance) – (with the perfect guidance) – the Prophetsthe Prophets, and , and the the truthful onestruthful ones (loyal and truthful in whatever they do and (loyal and truthful in whatever they do and say), and say), and the witnesses (those who see the hidden Divine the witnesses (those who see the hidden Divine truths and testify thereto with their lives),truths and testify thereto with their lives), and and the the righteous ones (in all their deeds and sayings and righteous ones (in all their deeds and sayings and dedicated to setting everything right).dedicated to setting everything right). How excellent they How excellent they are for companions!are for companions!

•One who sincerely searches for such people finds them, because they One who sincerely searches for such people finds them, because they shine in the spiritual and intellectual “heaven” of humankind.shine in the spiritual and intellectual “heaven” of humankind.

The greatest favor or blessing of God for humanity is the Religion.The greatest favor or blessing of God for humanity is the Religion.

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ت�ع�ين ن�س� �ي�اك� وإ ن�ع�ب د �ي�اك� إYou alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.

يم� الم ست�ق� اط� ر� �الص ـــا اهد�نـ�Guide us to the straight path.

غ�ير� م� ع�ل�يه� أ�نع�مت� ال�ذ�ين� اط� ر� ص�ال�ين� الض� و�ال� م� ع�ل�يه� وب� الم�غض

The path of those on whom You have bestowed your grace, not the path of those who earned your anger,

nor of those that went astray.

10. Reminder of the importance of 10. Reminder of the importance of du’aadu’aa

10. Reminder of the importance of 10. Reminder of the importance of du’aadu’aa

The Qur’ān forbids us to follow the The Qur’ān forbids us to follow the ways of two groups:ways of two groups:

1.1.those who have incurred God’s those who have incurred God’s wrath (punishment and wrath (punishment and condemnation), andcondemnation), and

2.2.those who are astraythose who are astray

God’s wrath does not mean that God becomes angry in some way God’s wrath does not mean that God becomes angry in some way analogous to us. Rather, His wrath means analogous to us. Rather, His wrath means punishmentpunishment and and

condemnationcondemnation. .

We read in the Qur’ān that those We read in the Qur’ān that those

• who kill a believer intentionally (4: 93), who kill a believer intentionally (4: 93), • who cherish evil thoughts about God (48: 6), who cherish evil thoughts about God (48: 6), • who flee the battlefield (8: 16), who flee the battlefield (8: 16), • who have disbelieved after their belief (16: 106), and who have disbelieved after their belief (16: 106), and • who argue concerning God after He has been acknowledged (42: who argue concerning God after He has been acknowledged (42: 16) 16) • who disbelieved in God and slew His Prophets (2: 61); who disbelieved in God and slew His Prophets (2: 61); • who refused to believe in Prophet Muhammad because of envy who refused to believe in Prophet Muhammad because of envy and racist tendencies, even though they knew and recognized that and racist tendencies, even though they knew and recognized that he was a Prophet (2: 90);he was a Prophet (2: 90);• who took a calf for worship after they believed in God (7: 152, who took a calf for worship after they believed in God (7: 152, 20: 86); and20: 86); and• who showed disrespect to the Sabbath, also incurred God’s who showed disrespect to the Sabbath, also incurred God’s wrath (punishment and condemnation).wrath (punishment and condemnation).

have incurred God’s punishment and condemnation.have incurred God’s punishment and condemnation.

The verbal noun meaning “astray” (dalāl) can refer to a The verbal noun meaning “astray” (dalāl) can refer to a broad range of straying from the path – from the slightest broad range of straying from the path – from the slightest lapse of a believer to complete deviation from the Straight lapse of a believer to complete deviation from the Straight

Path. Path.

As a term, As a term,

•it denotes returning to unbelief after belief and it denotes returning to unbelief after belief and exchanging unbelief for belief (2: 108); exchanging unbelief for belief (2: 108);

•associating partners with God either in His Essence or associating partners with God either in His Essence or His Attributes or acts (4: 116); and His Attributes or acts (4: 116); and

•rejecting faith in all or any of the pillars of faith, rejecting faith in all or any of the pillars of faith, namely believing in the Existence and Unity of God namely believing in the Existence and Unity of God

(including Destiny), in angels, in all the Divine (including Destiny), in angels, in all the Divine Scriptures and Prophets, without making any distinction Scriptures and Prophets, without making any distinction among them with respect to believing in them, and in among them with respect to believing in them, and in

the Resurrection and afterlife.the Resurrection and afterlife.

1) In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. 2) All the praises and thanks are for Allah the Lord of the Universe. 3) The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful. 4) Master of the Day of Recompense.

5) You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help. 6) Guide us to the straight path. 7) The path of those on whom You have bestowed your grace, not the path of those who earned your anger, nor of those that went astray.

Praise

Du’aa

11. Reminder on how to address 11. Reminder on how to address AllahAllah

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آمينAmeenAmeen

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سورة الفاتحة

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