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4 Microsoft PowerPoint 4 Yes Or No

Guess Whats Behind the Box ..Guess Whats Behind the Box

1. 2. ()

(DALTON )..?

(THOMSON )..?

(RUTHERFORD )..?

(BOHR)..?1.

2. 3.

1. Atom ?

YESNO

31

John Dalton .. 1803 1. atom 2. () 3.

32 Thomson

J.J. Thomson*(1856-1940)

*

33

34Thomson Electron Thomson Dalton electron Sir Joseph Jhon Thomson

35 ThomsonJoseph John Thomson (Chathod Ray Tube)

36

Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) 0.0004 mm (Alpha Scattering Experiment) Rutherford

37 Rutherford.. 1911(.. 2454) Lord Ernest Ruthertford (Hans Geiger) (Ernest Marsden) Rutherford ZnS

38

39 Rutherford() e- e-

Rutherford 1800

40 .. 1932(.. 2475) James Chadwick Proton neutron chadwick neutron neutron Proton James Chadwick

41

Erwin Shroedinger* (1887 - 1961) *

42 (Wave equation)

43

Niels Bohr(1855 - 1962)

44 (Niels Bohr: 1885-1962)

r

45Max Planck (oscillator) () E = hh= Plancks constant = 6.626 x 10-34 Js = (s-1) h

46Photoelectric Effect (photon) 1 E = h (1 ) ( threshold frequency) (photoelectron)

AeLightvacuum

47(Spectrum) : ()

Sun lightHHeHgU

48

J.R.Rydberg H-atom

1.09678 x 105 = Rydbergn1 , n2 n2 > n1HIRUVEnergy

49 ()

(Ionization Energy) / (Mj / mol) X (g) X+ (g) + e-IE1 X+(g) X2+ (g) + e-IE2 1212 IE1(1 )

Mg (g) Mg+ (g) + e-

51()()e-P+n1.602 x 10-191.602 x 10-190-1+109.109 x 10-281.673 x10-241.675 x 10-24

52

(A) (Z)P+ = e-

53 (Atomic symbol)

115X198X2+2512X+126C2-25656D115X198X2+2512X+126C2-25656D565115X198X2+2512X+126C2-25656D581265661113620058-2=612-1=116+2=856

54 (Atomic number, Z) Z = p

p = e- (Mass number, A) A = p + n = + = +

55 e- 2 2 8 18 32 50

2n2 1 2(valent e-) 8 1 2 3 4 5

5611Na = 17Cl =

20Ca =35Br =53I =23V =

281 2872882

2n2n =1 2(1)2 = 2 n =2 2(2)2 = 8 n =3 2(3)2 = 18 n =4 2(4)2 = 32

3Li = 2,1 2 1 2 116S= 2,8,6 3 6 3 6

59 -- s orbitals1. s-orbital (l = 0; ml = 0) n 1s 2s 3s 4s

1s 2s1s 2s

60 -- p orbitals2. p-orbital (l = 1; ml = +1, 0, -1) lobe 2 lobep-orbital 3 px py pz n

zxml = -1 (px)ml = 0 (py)ml = +1 (pz)

61 -- d orbitals3. d- orbital (l = 2; ml = +2,+1, 0,-1,-2) lobe 4 lobed-orbital 5 lobe xy, xz, yz dxy, dxz, dyz orbitalslobe xy dx2 -y2 orbitallobe z dz2 orbital

dz2dxy, dxz, dyz, dx2-y2

62 -- d orbitals d-orbital

63 Atomic Orbital 1 H- (n) atomic orbital n 2s = 2px = 2py = 2pz