第十五章 镇静催眠药
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第十五章 镇静催眠药
蚌埠医学院药学系药理教研室
Chapter 14
Sedative-hypnotics
§1 Introduction
[define]
sedatives-hypnotics : 1 、 depression of CNS
2、 moderate excitement ;
3 、 resemble nature sleep
awake
SWS NREM FWS ( REM )
80-120min 20-30min
3-5 次
一、 phase of sleep
Classification of insomnia :
1) drop asleep trouble
2) repeatedly sleep and
awake
3) early awake
3 、 Action of hypnotics:
1 ) The latency of sleep onset
is decreased.
2) The duration of slee
is prolonged
二 . Sedative-hypnotics[classification]
㈠ benzodiazepines
㈡ barbiturates
㈢ other
§2 benzodiazepines,BZ [classification] 苯二氮卓 ① long-acting anxiolytics :
diazepam ,(地西泮 、安定)
flurazepam (氟西泮、氟安定)
② Intermediate-acting anxiolytics :
chlordiazepoxide ,(氯氮卓)
oxazepam (奥沙西泮) ③ Short-acting anxiolytics :
triazolam (三唑仑)
[actions and uses]
1. Antianxiety 抗焦虑:
1 ) selectivity highly ,
2 ) use : anxiety , 2 、 Sedation 、 hypnosis 1 ) REM is shortened , but small .
2 ) use : insomnia
3 、 Anticonvulsant ( 抗惊厥 )
(tetanus) 破伤风、 eclampsia( 子痫 )、 convulsion induced by drug toxicatio
n
antiepileptic effects ( 抗癫痫 ) 4 、 Skeletal muscle relaxant
( 中枢肌松作用)
Mechanism of action
[ pharmacokinetics ]1 、 po --absorption well , im --absorption slow 、 abnormity ;2 、 distribution wide , bound highly to plasma albumin ;3 、 biotransformation : liver , 4 、 highly lipid-soluble
[adverse reactions]1、 therapy dose :㈠ CNS
2、 excessive dose : acute
toxication
3 、 long time use : tolerance 、 addiction
【 contraindication 】 : 1 ) pregnant woman 、
2 ) lactation woman ,
3 ) liver function.
§3 barbiturates
character : dose-effect relationship :
1 ) small dose--Sedation 、
2 ) middling dose– hypnosis ;
3 ) large dose --
Anticonvulsant 。
§4 other
chloral hydrate 水合氯醛
character 1 、 po : absorption fast , action longtime ; 2 、 REM is not shortened , 3 、 local stimulate ,
question
Please describe pharmacological
action And clinic use of diazepam .