掌握猜词技巧 提升阅读能力

近 3 年广东高考对猜测词义类型题目的考查情况

2005 3 道2006 2 道2007 2 道

Question: How do you guess the meanings of the new words?

1. When he reached the place with his army， he found an i

mpassable river in front of him ．

2.In the world of economic globalization , different nations

are becoming more and more interdependent.

“ ”无法通过的

Part 1

“ 全球化”

impassableimpassable

globalizationglobalization

1 ）利用构词法中的派生法（ Derivation)---- 前缀 / 后缀 前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通 常要改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。

Skill 1 ：

3.Child labourers in Dickens' novels were ill-treated

4.Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed.

5.The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket．

“ 受虐待的”

“ 单枪匹马”

2 ）利用构词法中的合成法（ compounding ）

3 ）利用构词法中的转化法（ conversion ）“ 掏空”

1) What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and

words without clearly mentioning where the

information is from.

2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no

words are spoken.

3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is

necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

Part 2

“ ”剽窃

“ ”哑剧

“ ”语义学

定语从句

同位语

4). The consequences of epochal events such as

wars and great scientific discoveries are not

confined to a small geographical area as they were

in the past.

5). You may borrow from the library any

periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly,

Reader’s Digest , The New Yorkers.

“ 划时代的 ; 有重大意义的”

“ 期刊 , 杂志”

for example, for instance, namely, like

标点符号如 : 括号 ( ) 冒号 : 破折号 --

Skill 2 ： 利用以各种形式给出的定义 / 解释 / 举例猜测词义

1) Green loves to talk ， and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

2) Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

3) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

4) Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.

Part 3

“ 模仿”

“ 健谈的”

" 肥胖的”

“ 不利的，有害的”

1.

5) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. （ 07 广东 A 篇 44 题）The underlined phrase stately homes means_____.A.state-owned houses B. houses in very good conditionC. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly

Skill 3:

1. 利用同义 / 并列关系——关键词有 similarly, just as, as…as, also ， or ,and 等。

注意熟词生义

1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I kno

w. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modes

t.

2)Our maths professor claims that all the problems he

gives us are simple ones ， but we feel that they are i

ntricate and hard to solve ．

3). Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.

2. 利用反义关系——关键词有 in contrast, on the contrary , unlike, however, but, despite, while 。

“ 目空一切 的，傲慢的”

“ 复杂的”

“ ”不赞同

2

1). Tom is considered an autocratic administrator

because he makes decisions without seeking the

opinions of others.

2). There were so many demonstrators in the Red

Square that he had to elbow his way through the

crowd.

3. —— 利用因果关系 关键词有 because, since, for, as, so， in order to, so as to, as a result, thus ，therefore等。

“ 独断专行的”

“ 挤，挤过”

3.

1). Without proper identification. Brain and Stewi

e stow away on a plane they think is leaving fo

r England. （ 2007 上海 B 篇 70 题）The phrase “ stow away ” most probably means _

________.

A.hide secretly B. talk excitedly

C. operate easily D. guide successfully

Part 4

2). In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. （ 07 上海 D 篇 76 题）

“ Eco-friendly tents” refer to tents________ A. economically desirable B. favorable to environment C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief

Skill 4: 利用上下文的语境

1).Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and

mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool

underground burrows.

2).The snake slithered through the grass.

3). Most of the flowers are beginning to wither

because of the cold weather.

文化背景和生活常识 Skill 5 :

“ 地洞，洞穴”

“ 爬行”

“ 枯萎 , 凋谢”

Part 5

Conclusions:

Skill1:

Skill2:

Skill3:

Skill4:

Skill5:

运用构词法利用定义 / 解释 / 举例利用各种逻辑关系利用上下文语境利用文化背景和生活常识

1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “

amputate” A. cure of B. cut off C. take away D. leave2. People already use more than half of the world’s renewable fresh water. The word “ renewable” refers to the water that _______. A. is fresh and new B. can be made new again C. can be made clean and used again D. can always be replaced with new water.

Practice

renewablerenewable

3. Hundreds of years ago, much of the Holland was below

sea level and was often flooded by the North Sea. This

made the land swampy.

What does the word “ swampy” mean?

A. Dry and hard B. Deserted C. Soft and wet D. Rich

4. The children who have recently experienced a family

breakup have a more difficult time with their study than

children from normal consummate families.

What does the word “consummate” mean?

A. large B. wealthy C. complete D. poor

6.He met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s School of Adventure, where he learned about Ridgway’s cold water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures (2006 浙江 A 篇 42 题 )

The word “ exploits” is closest in meaning to __.

A. journeys B. researches

C. adventures D. operations

7. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat( 费马 )in the seventeenth century, the theorem( 定理 ) had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist … （ 2003 年广东 C 篇 65 题）Which of the following best explains the meaning of

the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

A. To encourage people to raise questions.

B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

C. To provide a person with an explanation.

D. To limit people’s imagination

8.Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without

having to do too much work. ( 2006 安徽 C 篇 64题 )

By describing lions as “ opportunists”, the author

means to say that lions _______

A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals

C. like to take advantages of other animals

D. like to take every chance to eat.

9. The school are reluctant to take time off—even

teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina

game had trouble getting the day off. (2006 福建

A 篇 59 题 )

The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage

may probably mean___________.

a. kind B. unwilling

C. free D. careless

10.Early human beings used very fragile houses ,

and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs

from houses or cause high waves that

endangered travelers. People’s food supplies

were similarly vulnerable. (2006 重庆 E 篇 )

The underlined word “vulnerable” in the

passage means___________.

A. impossible to make sure of

B. likely to be protected

C. easy to damage D. difficult to find

11.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be swallo

wed down. They must be carefully cultivated. (2

005 广东 B 篇 60 题 )

The word “ cultivated” roughly mean______

A. encouraged B. compared

C. examined D. developed

12. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside

it was very exotic with fascinating objects on

display. (2006 江西 B 篇 61 题 )

Which of the following is closest in meaning to

“exotic”

A. Messy and untidy B. Rich and expensive.

C. Comfortable and calming

D. Foreign and unusual

Thank

you !