qvemo maCxaani siRnaRis munic-

ipalitetis erT-erTi ZirZveli

sofelia. rodidan xdeba igi qiziyis

kulturul-ekonomikuri centri,

danamdvilebiT Zneli saTqmelia,

Tumca mecxramete saukunis presis

mixedviT SegviZlia gavecnoT sof-

lis TiTqmis yoveldRiur cxovre-

bas. 1819-20 ww. periodul gamoce-

mebSi qvemo maCxaanze daaxloebiT

64-mde statia moviZieT. am wyaroe-

bidan kargad Cans, rom ukve mecx-

ramete saukunis damdegidan sofeli

qiziyis strategiuli da yvela mniS-

vnelovani movlenis epicentri iyo.

qvemo maCxaani savaWro saxelos-

noebiT mdidari sofeli iyo. swored

es gaxda imis safuZveli, rom mecx-

ramete saukunis miwuruls, 1895

wels, sofelSi arsdeba amierka-

vkasiaSi pirveli savaWro saxe-

losno depo, romlis daarsebis

aucilebloba da mniSvneloba far-

Todaa gaSuqebuli imdroindeli

sagazeTo gamocemebis mier. depos

daarsebam da sawevro fulis gaCenam

saSualeba misca qiziyelebs, maleve

daearsebinaT ,,saxalxo banki“. Seg-

rovebuli erToblivi Tanxa mraval

sasikeTo saqmes xmardeboda.

qiziyelTa erToblivi Zal-

isxmeviT ixsneba araerTi mniS-

vnelovani dawesebuleba: qsenoni

(saavadmyofo), afTiaqi, wignis maRa-

zia, samkiTxvelo da ramdenime sa-

ganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, sko-

la, romelic erT-erTi pirvelia

siRnaRis municipalitetSi, Tumca

moswavleTa simravlis gamo parale-

lurad ixsneba ramdenime mosamzade-

beli jgufi.

1899 wels mTeli qiziyisTvis mniS-

vnelovani movlena iyo Teatris

mSeneblobis dasruleba. daaxloe-

biT aTi wliT adre gamocemebSi ga-

Suqebulia maCxaanSi gamarTuli Te-

atraluri warmodgenebi. Znelia imis

Tqma, Tu romel SenobaSi imarTebo-

da, Tumca statiebis umravlesobaSi

am warmodgenebis gamarTvis mizezad

dasaxelebulia Tanxis Segroveba,

romelic Teatris mSeneblobas unda

moxmareboda. warmodgenebs eswre-

ba mTeli qiziyis sazogadoeba. ukve

1899 wels imarTeba sazeimo warmod-

gena Tbilisidan Camosuli stumre-

bis TandaswrebiT Teatris axalgax-

snil SenobaSi. sofelSi aRmoCnda

Zveli foto, sadac Teatris mSene-

blobaa asaxuli. foto da statiebi

erToblivad ufro metad acocx-

lebs Tavdapirveli garemos aRqmas.

sainteresoa kidev ramdenime sta-

tia, romlebic 1900-ian wlebSia

dabeWdili. rogor egebebian qiziye-

lebi axal saukunes da rogori imedi

da gegmebi aqvT. Tumca maTi molodi-

ni, samwuxarod, ar gamarTlda. bol-

Sevikebis Semosvlis Semdeg mraval

ojaxs mouwia soflis datoveba, Se-

ficulTa momxreebs daxvreta xvdaT

wilad. Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si iSviaTi iyo eklesia-monastrebis

ngreva, es maCxanelTaTvis ganaCe-

nad iqca: daangries soflis Zveli

eklesia, gaanadgures im sazogado

moRvaweTa da sasuliero pirTa sa-

flavebi, romlebic eklesiis ezoSi

iyvnen dakrZalulni. am yovelivem

Zirfesvianad Secvala soflis cx-

ovreba. duqnebi TandaTan ixure-

boda, xolo bazris sxva sofelSi

gadatanam mTlianad ufunqciod

datova saxelosno-savaWro duqne-

bi. TiTqmis ufunqciod darCenili

sofeli marto darCa. mosaxleobas

upirebdnen kidec gadasaxlebas -

xornabujisaken karg miwebs sTava-

zobdnen, magram mravali mcdelo-

bis miuxedavad arcerTma ojaxma ar

isurva mamapapeuli samyoflis samu-

damod datoveba. es is mniSvnelovani

istoriaa soflisa, romlis gacno-

bac saSualebas gvaZlevs, zustad

ganvsazRvroT SemorCenili arte-

faqtebis mniSvneloba da xasiaTi.

ra SemogvrCa dRes? uwinares

yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia soflis ar-

qiteqturuli urbanuli ganaSe-

nianeba. igi dayofilia ramdenime ub-

nad, meoce saukunis meore naxevris

axalmSenebloba soflis bolosaa

gatanili, romelsac „axalubans“

uwodeben. garda qiziyuri tradici-

uli sacxovrisisa, qvemo maCxaanSi

mravladaa SemorCenili Zveli saxe-

losno-savaWro duqnebi. isini sof-

lis mTavar quCas mTels sigrZeze

gasdevs.

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis

resursebis megzuri mTTvisaa, visac

sayovelTaod cnobili turistuli

adgilebis garda, siRnaRis munici-

palitetSi sxva ramis monaxulebac

surs: soflebis, sacxovrebeli sax-

lebis, saxl-muzeumebis da sxva.

1 2

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6

10

13

14

8

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11

sofeli qvemo maCxaani

nadiraSvilebis saxli

nadiraSvilebis sagvareulo saxli XIX

saukunis meore naxevarSia aSenebu-

li da savaraudod, sofelSi yvelaze

Zveli saero nagebobaa. igi ekuTvnoda

dimitri maCxanelis (nadiraSvilis)

Zmas – basiko nadiraSvils, romelic

soflis boqauli iyo. adgilobrivTa

mexsierebas igi yovelmxriv dadeb-

iT pirovnebad SemorCa. gadmocemiT,

man sofeli samjer gadaarCina egze-

kucias. dimitri maCxaneli ki moTave

iyo im didi aRmSeneblobisa da sazo-

gadoebrivi moZraobisa, romelic

XIX s. bolos qvemo maCxaanSi mimdin-

areobda. saxlis pirveli sarTuli

mTlianad marans ukavia, romelic

gamorCeulia Tavisi arqauli arqite-

qturuli iersaxiT, fasadze – gviani

Sua saukuneebis sakulto arqiteq-

turisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aguris

wyobiT gamoyvanili ornamentebiT.

interieri Seisruli TaRebiTaa da-

nawevrebuli, amave formis TaRiTaa

dagvirgvinebuli buxaric. meore

sarTuli anfiladuri tipisaa, yov-

el oTaxSi moxvedra mTel fasadze

gaSlili SuSabandidanaa SesaZlebe-

li, gasaTbobad aqac buxaria gamar-

Tuli. aqvea Tanadrouli TaxCebi da

ganjinebi. sayuradReboa, rom marani

ufro Zveli unda iyos, vidre saxlis

meore sarTuli.

saxli soflis centralur quCaze

Teatridan ramdenime wuTis savalze

mdebareobs.

savaWro-saxelosno

duqani

savaWro-saxelosno duqanTagan erT -

erTi soflis Zvel ubanSi – fanianSi,

mTavar quCazea SemorCenili. igi sxve-

bisagan gamorCeulia arqiteqturuli

iersaxiT: Senoba, danarCenebis ms-

gavsad, aqac orsarTuliania, magram

gacilebiT didi. horizontalurad

wagrZelebuli nagebobis pirvel

sarTulze erTmaneTis miyolebiT

oTxi marani da duqania ganTavsebu-

li aguris farTo TaRebiTa da TaxCe-

biT, qvevrebiTa da sawnaxliT. yovel

maTgans damoukidebeli Sesasvleli

aqvs. maT Tavze ki TiTo sacxovrebeli

oTaxia, erTmaneTisagan izolirebu-

li. aq TiTqmis yvelaferi Tavdapir-

veli saxiTaa SemorCenili, kibe, kare-

bi, xelnakeTi anjamebi da saketebi,

Wviruli aivnis nawili da sxv.

am SenobaSi jaliaSvilebis ojaxi cx-

ovrobs.

dimitri maCxaneli

(nadiraSvili)

XIX s-Si qiziyis gamorCeuli sazogado

moRvawea. igi eweoda agreTve liter-

aturul saqmianobas, werda leqsebsa

da publicistur werilebs, romlebic

imdroindel periodul gamocemebSia

dabeWdili. mis saxels ukavSirdeba

bevri mniSvnelovani saqmis Taosnoba:

Teatris, savaWro deposa Tu afTiaq-

is gaxsna sofel qvemo maCxaanSi. misi

Zegli (Sesrulebulia 1980 w.) dgas

soflis centrSi mis mierve 1895 wlis

23 Tebervals daarsebuli savaWro

depos gverdiT.

es pirveli SemTxvevaa ara marto saqa-

rTvelosTvis, aramed mTel imdroin-

del kavkasiaSic. sabWoTa periodSi

aq gaixsna soflis univermaRi, ramac

mTlianad Secvala Zveli Senobis ar-

qiteqturuli iersaxe. dRes aq gan-

Tavsebulia depos gaxsnisa da isto-

riis mauwyebeli sainformacio dafa.

saxli soflis dasawyisSi

saxli soflis dasawyisSi mdebareobs,

tibaanidan Semosasvleli mxridan.

(mflobeli – meri asaniSvili) or-

sarTuliani Senoba, tradiciulad,

aguriTa da riyis qviTaa nagebi. kar-

gad aris SemorCenili Zveli marani,

romlis kedelSic farTo TaxCebi da

buxaria datanebuli. marani am peri-

odSi gavrcelebul tradiciul ar-

qiteqturul saxes imeorebs da sofe-

lis Zvel nagebobaTa Soris erT-erTi

gamorCeulia.

saxli fanianSi

saxli fanianSi mTavar quCaze mde-

bareobs (mflobeli gela jaliaS-

vili). misi arqiteqtura arqauli

formebiT gamoirCeva. orsarTuliani

nagebobis pirvel sarTulze, tradi-

ciulad, marania gamarTuli, meoreze

ki – sacxovrebeli oTaxebi. sayur-

adReboa misi aguris wriuli svetebi

da xis rikulebiani moajiri, romel-

Ta elementebis SexamebiTac iqmneba

maRali mxatvruli gemovnebis fasadi.

qsenoni

XIX s. miwuruls, sxva mniSvnelovan

dawesebulebebTan erTad, qiziyelTa

erToblivi ZalisxmeviT qvemo maCx-

aanSi ixsneba qsenonic (saavadmyofo).

imdroindeli presa aqtiurad ex-

maureba am faqts (`iveria~, `droeba~,

`cnobis furceli~). aRsaniSnavia, rom

uqme dReebSi soflis mosaxleobisaT-

vis samkiTxveloSi imarTeboda sagan-

manaTleblo leqciebi medicinisa da

higienis Sesaxeb. soflis centrSi, Te-

atris mimdebared SemorCenilia qsen-

onis ramdenadme saxecvlili Senoba.

sainteresoa misi gverdiTi fasadebi,

romlebic aguriTaa naSeni. skolisa

da Teatris SenobasTan erTad, qse-

nonis Zveli nageboba erTiani, Tav-

dapirveli urbanuli ganaSenianebis

saintereso saxes gviqmnis. dRes aq

soflis sakrebuloa ganTavsebuli.

wminda sameba

qvemo maCxaanis centrSi mdebareobda

wminda samebis saxelobis eklesia, ro-

melic sabWoTa reJimis damyarebisas

daangries. aRsaniSnavia, rom am ekle-

siaSi msaxurobdnen sasuliero pire-

bi, romlebic aqtiur sazogadoebriv

saqmianobasac eweodnen. maTi Taosno-

biT warmarTuli saqmeebis, magaliT-

ad, mTel qiziySi pirveli wignis maRa-

ziis gaxsnis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs XIX

s-Ois. presa.

ramdenime wlis win Zveli eklesiis

sanacvlod axali aigo. aq amJamad de-

daTa monasteria ganTavsebuli. savaWro duqani

Znelia moiZebnos savaWro-saxelosno

duqnebiT mdidari meore iseTi sofe-

li, rogoric qvemo maCxaania. adgilo-

brivTa gadmocemiT, aq aTeulobiT

duqani yofila, sadac SeiZleboda mo-

saxleobisaTvis saWiro yovelgvari

produqtisa Tu nivTis yidva. swored

es gaxda imis safuZveli, rom 1895

wels sofelSi arsdeba amierkavkasi-

aSi pirveli savaWro saxelosno depo,

Semdeg ki ,,saxalxo banki“.

duqanTa naxevari dResac SemorCe-

nilia soflis mTavar quCaze.

duqnebis arqiteqturuli saxe Semde-

gia: orsarTuliani Senobis pirveli

sarTuli farTo TaRebiTaa gaxsni-

li, sadac daxlebi iyo ganTavsebuli,

meore sarTulze ki an saxelosno iyo

gamarTuli, an sacxovreblad gamoi-

saxli fanianSi

saxli soflis Zvel ubanSi fanianSi

mdebareobs, (mflobeli yajriSvili

giga) romelsac mniSvnelovani adgi-

li ukavia tradiciuli saxlebis sim-

ravlesa da mravalferovnebaSi. mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom mocemuli saxli

meoce saukunis Sua xanebSia agebuli,

misi arqiteqtori imeorebs tradi-

ciul formebs – aSenebs riyis qviTa

da aguriT da amasTanave, or mxares

ukeTebs rikulebian aivans. fasadebis

amgvari gadawyveta erTob organul

da originalur suraTs iZleva.

bodbisxevis RvTismSoblis

saxelobis eklesia

eklesia bodbisxevSi mdebareobs, ma-

gram qvemo maCxaanidan daaxloebiT

erTi kilometriTaa dacilebuli da

gzamkvleviT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva

obieqtebis gverdiT, misi naxvac xel-

misawvdomi da mosaxerxebelia.

taZari SemaRlebul ferdobze mde-

bareobs da sameklesian bazilikas

warmoadgens. Sua, ZiriTadi eklesia

RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobisaa,

samxreTis navSi wminda nikolozis

eklesiaa, CrdiloeTiT ki _ wminda

barbaresi. taZari X s. TariRdeba, ma-

gram ganirCeva ramdenime samSeneblo

fena. savaraudod, pirvandeli nage-

boba ufro adreuli periodisa unda

yofiliyo. aRmosavleTisa da dasav-

leTis fasadebze ori nusxanarevi

asomTavruli warweraa jvrebTan er-

yeneboda. yovel maTgans xis Wviru-

lornamentiani aivani hqonda. moce-

mul nagebobas yvelaze kargad aqvs

Semonaxuli duqnebis Tavdapirveli

saxe.

5

6

7

11

1012

9

8

13

14

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis resursebi

m e g z u r i

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis re-sursebis megzuri gamocemulia saTemo ganviTarebis centris mier, proeqtis „saTemo iniciativebis mxardaWera kaxe-Tis regionSi“ farglebSi, organizacia “puri msoflios“ (BfdW) mxardaWeriT. soflis kulturis resursebis pirvela-di aRwera ganxorcielda organizaciebis - „kulturuli memkvidreobis arasamTav-robo monitoringi“ da „samoqalaqo ini-ciativa“ erToblivi proeqtis „aqtiuri axalgazrdoba - daculi kulturuli mem-kvidreoba“ farglebSi, 2013- 2014 wels.

megzuris mizania erTi soflis magaliTze warmoaCinos, Tu ramdenad mdidaria saqa-rTvelos municipalitetebi kulturis resursebis mxriv da xeli Seuwyos aR-niSnuli resursebis ganviTarebaze msje-lobis dawyebas.

megzuris Sedgenaze muSaobdnen: koncefcia - ana margvelaSvili, qeTevan gogoberiSvili (CDC);

teqstebi da fotomasala: diana kakaSvili da Tamar sixaruliZe (kulturuli memkvidreobis arasamTavrobo monitoringi)

dizaini: marTa TabukaSvili

maCxaanis Teatri

1899 wels qvemo maCxaanSi sazeimod

gaixsna Teatri. axda sazogadoebis

didi xnis ocneba da maTma garjam nay-

ofi gamoiRo. Senobis asaSeneblad

Tanxa didxans grovdeboda adgilo-

brivTa mier: imarTeboda speqtak-

lebi, romlebsac qiziyis yvela sof-

lidan eswrebodnen mayureblebi.

pirveli speqtakli al. cagarelis

„xanuma“ iyo. adgilobriv mosaxleo-

basTan erTad warmodgenas Tbili-

sidan mowveuli stumrebic eswre-

bodnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom sandro

axmeteli, romelic qvemo maCxaanTan

axlos, sofel anagaSi daibada, Tav-

is pirvel speqtaklebs swored qvemo

maCxaanSi marTavda.

Teatris Senoba TiTqmis ucvleladaa

Semonaxuli XX s-is dasawyisis inven-

tariT – skamebiT, dekoraciebiT. par-

teri da iarusi 200-mde mayurebels

itevs.

Teatri sofel qvemo maCxaanis centr-

Si mdebareobs.

1

pirveli skola

pirveli skola qvemo maCxaanSi 1884

wels aSenda. igi, amavdroulad,

erT-erTi pirveli iyo mTel qiziySi.

mis mSeneblobas exmianeba imdroin-

deli presa. am nagebobas Cvenamde ar

mouRwevia, Tumca SemorCenili Seno-

ba,sadac dResac skolaa ganTavsebu-

li, saukunes iTvlis. amave ezoSi dgas

1903 wels agebuli samsarTuliani Se-

noba, romelic, gadmocemiT, erT-erT

SeZlebul adgilobrivs ekuTvnoda,

Semdgom ki, represiebisas, mas Camo-

erTva qoneba da iq teqnikuri saswav-

lebeli ganTavsda. nageboba amJamad

dazianebuli da ufunqcioa, Tumca

saintereso arqiteqturuli iersax-

isaa. SemorCenilia keramikis buxre-

bi da aivnis Wviruli CuqurTmis de-

talebi.

2

fore mosuliSvilis

saxl-muzeumi

fore mosuliSvili (1916-1944) daiba-

da sofel qvemo maCxaanSi. lagodexis

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumis dam-

Tavrebis Semdeg gaiwvies wiTel armi-

aSi (1939 w.).1941 wels mZimed daWrili

fore germanelebs tyved Cauvarda

da poloneTSi, simkacriT ganTqmul

kruSinos tyveTa banakSi gadaiyva-

nes, 1943 wels ki – safrangeTSi. 1944

wels italiaSi, qalaq strezaSi aR-

moCnda sxva tyveebTan erTad. aqedan

man moaxerxa Tavis daxsna da italiel

partizanebs SeuerTda. 1944 w., ger-

manelebTan Setakebis dros, mters

danebebas sikvdili arCia da Tavi mo-

ikla maT Tvalwin, riTac sicocxle

SeunarCuna TanamebrZolebs. 1970

w. italiis mTavrobam is ,,mxedruli

mamacobisTvis“ daajildova.

saxl-muzeumi soflis centrSi mde-

bareobs da ganTavsebulia fores

saxlidan SemorCenil marnian pirvel

sarTulze. aq SesaZlebelia misi me-

morialuri nivTebisa da werilebis

naxva.

3

meore msoflio omSi

daRupulTa memoriali

soflis centrSi mdebareobs meore

msoflio omSi daRupulTa memoria-

li (kompleqsi). igi 1980 wels roland

SanSaSvilis mieraa Sesrulebuli. qu-

Cis aqeT-iqiT, or monumentur kedel-

ze gaSlilia bareliefiT Sesrulebu-

li sabrZolo scenebi da mgloviare

dedis mrgvali qandakeba.

memoriali soflis centralur quCa-

ze, fore mosuliSvilis saxl-muze-

umis gverdiT mdebareobs.

4

Tad gamosaxuli, romelic, mkvlevar-

Ta TqmiT, X s. ganekuTvneba. radgan

taZari Zneladmisadgomi iyo, gvi-

an Sua saukuneebSi sofelSi augiaT

RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis

sxva eklesia, amitom sameklesian bazi-

likas dRes xSirad wminda nikolozis

saxelobiTac moixsenieben, samxreTis

eklesiis saxelis mixedviT.