qvemo maCxaani siRnaRis munic-

ipalitetis erT-erTi ZirZveli

sofelia. rodidan xdeba igi qiziyis

kulturul-ekonomikuri centri,

danamdvilebiT Zneli saTqmelia,

Tumca mecxramete saukunis presis

mixedviT SegviZlia gavecnoT sof-

lis TiTqmis yoveldRiur cxovre-

bas. 1819-20 ww. periodul gamoce-

mebSi qvemo maCxaanze daaxloebiT

64-mde statia moviZieT. am wyaroe-

bidan kargad Cans, rom ukve mecx-

ramete saukunis damdegidan sofeli

qiziyis strategiuli da yvela mniS-

vnelovani movlenis epicentri iyo.

qvemo maCxaani savaWro saxelos-

noebiT mdidari sofeli iyo. swored

es gaxda imis safuZveli, rom mecx-

ramete saukunis miwuruls, 1895

wels, sofelSi arsdeba amierka-

vkasiaSi pirveli savaWro saxe-

losno depo, romlis daarsebis

aucilebloba da mniSvneloba far-

Todaa gaSuqebuli imdroindeli

sagazeTo gamocemebis mier. depos

daarsebam da sawevro fulis gaCenam

saSualeba misca qiziyelebs, maleve

daearsebinaT ,,saxalxo banki. Seg-

rovebuli erToblivi Tanxa mraval

sasikeTo saqmes xmardeboda.

qiziyelTa erToblivi Zal-

isxmeviT ixsneba araerTi mniS-

vnelovani dawesebuleba: qsenoni

(saavadmyofo), afTiaqi, wignis maRa-

zia, samkiTxvelo da ramdenime sa-

ganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, sko-

la, romelic erT-erTi pirvelia

siRnaRis municipalitetSi, Tumca

moswavleTa simravlis gamo parale-

lurad ixsneba ramdenime mosamzade-

beli jgufi.

1899 wels mTeli qiziyisTvis mniS-

vnelovani movlena iyo Teatris

mSeneblobis dasruleba. daaxloe-

biT aTi wliT adre gamocemebSi ga-

Suqebulia maCxaanSi gamarTuli Te-

atraluri warmodgenebi. Znelia imis

Tqma, Tu romel SenobaSi imarTebo-

da, Tumca statiebis umravlesobaSi

am warmodgenebis gamarTvis mizezad

dasaxelebulia Tanxis Segroveba,

romelic Teatris mSeneblobas unda

moxmareboda. warmodgenebs eswre-

ba mTeli qiziyis sazogadoeba. ukve

1899 wels imarTeba sazeimo warmod-

gena Tbilisidan Camosuli stumre-

bis TandaswrebiT Teatris axalgax-

snil SenobaSi. sofelSi aRmoCnda

Zveli foto, sadac Teatris mSene-

blobaa asaxuli. foto da statiebi

erToblivad ufro metad acocx-

lebs Tavdapirveli garemos aRqmas.

sainteresoa kidev ramdenime sta-

tia, romlebic 1900-ian wlebSia

dabeWdili. rogor egebebian qiziye-

lebi axal saukunes da rogori imedi

da gegmebi aqvT. Tumca maTi molodi-

ni, samwuxarod, ar gamarTlda. bol-

Sevikebis Semosvlis Semdeg mraval

ojaxs mouwia soflis datoveba, Se-

ficulTa momxreebs daxvreta xvdaT

wilad. Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si iSviaTi iyo eklesia-monastrebis

ngreva, es maCxanelTaTvis ganaCe-

nad iqca: daangries soflis Zveli

eklesia, gaanadgures im sazogado

moRvaweTa da sasuliero pirTa sa-

flavebi, romlebic eklesiis ezoSi

iyvnen dakrZalulni. am yovelivem

Zirfesvianad Secvala soflis cx-

ovreba. duqnebi TandaTan ixure-

boda, xolo bazris sxva sofelSi

gadatanam mTlianad ufunqciod

datova saxelosno-savaWro duqne-

bi. TiTqmis ufunqciod darCenili

sofeli marto darCa. mosaxleobas

upirebdnen kidec gadasaxlebas -

xornabujisaken karg miwebs sTava-

zobdnen, magram mravali mcdelo-

bis miuxedavad arcerTma ojaxma ar

isurva mamapapeuli samyoflis samu-

damod datoveba. es is mniSvnelovani

istoriaa soflisa, romlis gacno-

bac saSualebas gvaZlevs, zustad

ganvsazRvroT SemorCenili arte-

faqtebis mniSvneloba da xasiaTi.

ra SemogvrCa dRes? uwinares

yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia soflis ar-

qiteqturuli urbanuli ganaSe-

nianeba. igi dayofilia ramdenime ub-

nad, meoce saukunis meore naxevris

axalmSenebloba soflis bolosaa

gatanili, romelsac axalubans

uwodeben. garda qiziyuri tradici-

uli sacxovrisisa, qvemo maCxaanSi

mravladaa SemorCenili Zveli saxe-

losno-savaWro duqnebi. isini sof-

lis mTavar quCas mTels sigrZeze

gasdevs.

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis

resursebis megzuri mTTvisaa, visac

sayovelTaod cnobili turistuli

adgilebis garda, siRnaRis munici-

palitetSi sxva ramis monaxulebac

surs: soflebis, sacxovrebeli sax-

lebis, saxl-muzeumebis da sxva.

1 2

345

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9

6

10

13

14

8

12

11

sofeli qvemo maCxaani

nadiraSvilebis saxli

nadiraSvilebis sagvareulo saxli XIX

saukunis meore naxevarSia aSenebu-

li da savaraudod, sofelSi yvelaze

Zveli saero nagebobaa. igi ekuTvnoda

dimitri maCxanelis (nadiraSvilis)

Zmas basiko nadiraSvils, romelic

soflis boqauli iyo. adgilobrivTa

mexsierebas igi yovelmxriv dadeb-

iT pirovnebad SemorCa. gadmocemiT,

man sofeli samjer gadaarCina egze-

kucias. dimitri maCxaneli ki moTave

iyo im didi aRmSeneblobisa da sazo-

gadoebrivi moZraobisa, romelic

XIX s. bolos qvemo maCxaanSi mimdin-

areobda. saxlis pirveli sarTuli

mTlianad marans ukavia, romelic

gamorCeulia Tavisi arqauli arqite-

qturuli iersaxiT, fasadze gviani

Sua saukuneebis sakulto arqiteq-

turisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aguris

wyobiT gamoyvanili ornamentebiT.

interieri Seisruli TaRebiTaa da-

nawevrebuli, amave formis TaRiTaa

dagvirgvinebuli buxaric. meore

sarTuli anfiladuri tipisaa, yov-

el oTaxSi moxvedra mTel fasadze

gaSlili SuSabandidanaa SesaZlebe-

li, gasaTbobad aqac buxaria gamar-

Tuli. aqvea Tanadrouli TaxCebi da

ganjinebi. sayuradReboa, rom marani

ufro Zveli unda iyos, vidre saxlis

meore sarTuli.

saxli soflis centralur quCaze

Teatridan ramdenime wuTis savalze

mdebareobs.

savaWro-saxelosno

duqani

savaWro-saxelosno duqanTagan erT -

erTi soflis Zvel ubanSi fanianSi,

mTavar quCazea SemorCenili. igi sxve-

bisagan gamorCeulia arqiteqturuli

iersaxiT: Senoba, danarCenebis ms-

gavsad, aqac orsarTuliania, magram

gacilebiT didi. horizontalurad

wagrZelebuli nagebobis pirvel

sarTulze erTmaneTis miyolebiT

oTxi marani da duqania ganTavsebu-

li aguris farTo TaRebiTa da TaxCe-

biT, qvevrebiTa da sawnaxliT. yovel

maTgans damoukidebeli Sesasvleli

aqvs. maT Tavze ki TiTo sacxovrebeli

oTaxia, erTmaneTisagan izolirebu-

li. aq TiTqmis yvelaferi Tavdapir-

veli saxiTaa SemorCenili, kibe, kare-

bi, xelnakeTi anjamebi da saketebi,

Wviruli aivnis nawili da sxv.

am SenobaSi jaliaSvilebis ojaxi cx-

ovrobs.

dimitri maCxaneli

(nadiraSvili)

XIX s-Si qiziyis gamorCeuli sazogado

moRvawea. igi eweoda agreTve liter-

aturul saqmianobas, werda leqsebsa

da publicistur werilebs, romlebic

imdroindel periodul gamocemebSia

dabeWdili. mis saxels ukavSirdeba

bevri mniSvnelovani saqmis Taosnoba:

Teatris, savaWro deposa Tu afTiaq-

is gaxsna sofel qvemo maCxaanSi. misi

Zegli (Sesrulebulia 1980 w.) dgas

soflis centrSi mis mierve 1895 wlis

23 Tebervals daarsebuli savaWro

depos gverdiT.

es pirveli SemTxvevaa ara marto saqa-

rTvelosTvis, aramed mTel imdroin-

del kavkasiaSic. sabWoTa periodSi

aq gaixsna soflis univermaRi, ramac

mTlianad Secvala Zveli Senobis ar-

qiteqturuli iersaxe. dRes aq gan-

Tavsebulia depos gaxsnisa da isto-

riis mauwyebeli sainformacio dafa.

saxli soflis dasawyisSi

saxli soflis dasawyisSi mdebareobs,

tibaanidan Semosasvleli mxridan.

(mflobeli meri asaniSvili) or-

sarTuliani Senoba, tradiciulad,

aguriTa da riyis qviTaa nagebi. kar-

gad aris SemorCenili Zveli marani,

romlis kedelSic farTo TaxCebi da

buxaria datanebuli. marani am peri-

odSi gavrcelebul tradiciul ar-

qiteqturul saxes imeorebs da sofe-

lis Zvel nagebobaTa Soris erT-erTi

gamorCeulia.

saxli fanianSi

saxli fanianSi mTavar quCaze mde-

bareobs (mflobeli gela jaliaS-

vili). misi arqiteqtura arqauli

formebiT gamoirCeva. orsarTuliani

nagebobis pirvel sarTulze, tradi-

ciulad, marania gamarTuli, meoreze

ki sacxovrebeli oTaxebi. sayur-

adReboa misi aguris wriuli svetebi

da xis rikulebiani moajiri, romel-

Ta elementebis SexamebiTac iqmneba

maRali mxatvruli gemovnebis fasadi.

qsenoni

XIX s. miwuruls, sxva mniSvnelovan

dawesebulebebTan erTad, qiziyelTa

erToblivi ZalisxmeviT qvemo maCx-

aanSi ixsneba qsenonic (saavadmyofo).

imdroindeli presa aqtiurad ex-

maureba am faqts (`iveria~, `droeba~,

`cnobis furceli~). aRsaniSnavia, rom

uqme dReebSi soflis mosaxleobisaT-

vis samkiTxveloSi imarTeboda sagan-

manaTleblo leqciebi medicinisa da

higienis Sesaxeb. soflis centrSi, Te-

atris mimdebared SemorCenilia qsen-

onis ramdenadme saxecvlili Senoba.

sainteresoa misi gverdiTi fasadebi,

romlebic aguriTaa naSeni. skolisa

da Teatris SenobasTan erTad, qse-

nonis Zveli nageboba erTiani, Tav-

dapirveli urbanuli ganaSenianebis

saintereso saxes gviqmnis. dRes aq

soflis sakrebuloa ganTavsebuli.

wminda sameba

qvemo maCxaanis centrSi mdebareobda

wminda samebis saxelobis eklesia, ro-

melic sabWoTa reJimis damyarebisas

daangries. aRsaniSnavia, rom am ekle-

siaSi msaxurobdnen sasuliero pire-

bi, romlebic aqtiur sazogadoebriv

saqmianobasac eweodnen. maTi Taosno-

biT warmarTuli saqmeebis, magaliT-

ad, mTel qiziySi pirveli wignis maRa-

ziis gaxsnis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs XIX

s-Ois. presa.

ramdenime wlis win Zveli eklesiis

sanacvlod axali aigo. aq amJamad de-

daTa monasteria ganTavsebuli. savaWro duqani

Znelia moiZebnos savaWro-saxelosno

duqnebiT mdidari meore iseTi sofe-

li, rogoric qvemo maCxaania. adgilo-

brivTa gadmocemiT, aq aTeulobiT

duqani yofila, sadac SeiZleboda mo-

saxleobisaTvis saWiro yovelgvari

produqtisa Tu nivTis yidva. swored

es gaxda imis safuZveli, rom 1895

wels sofelSi arsdeba amierkavkasi-

aSi pirveli savaWro saxelosno depo,

Semdeg ki ,,saxalxo banki.

duqanTa naxevari dResac SemorCe-

nilia soflis mTavar quCaze.

duqnebis arqiteqturuli saxe Semde-

gia: orsarTuliani Senobis pirveli

sarTuli farTo TaRebiTaa gaxsni-

li, sadac daxlebi iyo ganTavsebuli,

meore sarTulze ki an saxelosno iyo

gamarTuli, an sacxovreblad gamoi-

saxli fanianSi

saxli soflis Zvel ubanSi fanianSi

mdebareobs, (mflobeli yajriSvili

giga) romelsac mniSvnelovani adgi-

li ukavia tradiciuli saxlebis sim-

ravlesa da mravalferovnebaSi. mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom mocemuli saxli

meoce saukunis Sua xanebSia agebuli,

misi arqiteqtori imeorebs tradi-

ciul formebs aSenebs riyis qviTa

da aguriT da amasTanave, or mxares

ukeTebs rikulebian aivans. fasadebis

amgvari gadawyveta erTob organul

da originalur suraTs iZleva.

bodbisxevis RvTismSoblis

saxelobis eklesia

eklesia bodbisxevSi mdebareobs, ma-

gram qvemo maCxaanidan daaxloebiT

erTi kilometriTaa dacilebuli da

gzamkvleviT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva

obieqtebis gverdiT, misi naxvac xel-

misawvdomi da mosaxerxebelia.

taZari SemaRlebul ferdobze mde-

bareobs da sameklesian bazilikas

warmoadgens. Sua, ZiriTadi eklesia

RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobisaa,

samxreTis navSi wminda nikolozis

eklesiaa, CrdiloeTiT ki _ wminda

barbaresi. taZari X s. TariRdeba, ma-

gram ganirCeva ramdenime samSeneblo

fena. savaraudod, pirvandeli nage-

boba ufro adreuli periodisa unda

yofiliyo. aRmosavleTisa da dasav-

leTis fasadebze ori nusxanarevi

asomTavruli warweraa jvrebTan er-

yeneboda. yovel maTgans xis Wviru-

lornamentiani aivani hqonda. moce-

mul nagebobas yvelaze kargad aqvs

Semonaxuli duqnebis Tavdapirveli

saxe.

5

6

7

11

1012

9

8

13

14

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis resursebi

m e g z u r i

sofel qvemo maCxaanis kulturis re-

sursebis megzuri gamocemulia saTemo

ganviTarebis centris mier, proeqtis

saTemo iniciativebis mxardaWera kaxe-

Tis regionSi farglebSi, organizacia

puri msoflios (BfdW) mxardaWeriT.

soflis kulturis resursebis pirvela-

di aRwera ganxorcielda organizaciebis

- kulturuli memkvidreobis arasamTav-

robo monitoringi da samoqalaqo ini-

ciativa erToblivi proeqtis aqtiuri

axalgazrdoba - daculi kulturuli mem-

kvidreoba farglebSi, 2013- 2014 wels.

megzuris mizania erTi soflis magaliTze

warmoaCinos, Tu ramdenad mdidaria saqa-

rTvelos municipalitetebi kulturis

resursebis mxriv da xeli Seuwyos aR-

niSnuli resursebis ganviTarebaze msje-

lobis dawyebas.

megzuris Sedgenaze muSaobdnen:

koncefcia - ana margvelaSvili,

qeTevan gogoberiSvili (CDC);

teqstebi da fotomasala: diana kakaSvili

da Tamar sixaruliZe (kulturuli

memkvidreobis arasamTavrobo

monitoringi)

dizaini: marTa TabukaSvili

maCxaanis Teatri

1899 wels qvemo maCxaanSi sazeimod

gaixsna Teatri. axda sazogadoebis

didi xnis ocneba da maTma garjam nay-

ofi gamoiRo. Senobis asaSeneblad

Tanxa didxans grovdeboda adgilo-

brivTa mier: imarTeboda speqtak-

lebi, romlebsac qiziyis yvela sof-

lidan eswrebodnen mayureblebi.

pirveli speqtakli al. cagarelis

xanuma iyo. adgilobriv mosaxleo-

basTan erTad warmodgenas Tbili-

sidan mowveuli stumrebic eswre-

bodnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom sandro

axmeteli, romelic qvemo maCxaanTan

axlos, sofel anagaSi daibada, Tav-

is pirvel speqtaklebs swored qvemo

maCxaanSi marTavda.

Teatris Senoba TiTqmis ucvleladaa

Semonaxuli XX s-is dasawyisis inven-

tariT skamebiT, dekoraciebiT. par-

teri da iarusi 200-mde mayurebels

itevs.

Teatri sofel qvemo maCxaanis centr-

Si mdebareobs.

1

pirveli skola

pirveli skola qvemo maCxaanSi 1884

wels aSenda. igi, amavdroulad,

erT-erTi pirveli iyo mTel qiziySi.

mis mSeneblobas exmianeba imdroin-

deli presa. am nagebobas Cvenamde ar

mouRwevia, Tumca SemorCenili Seno-

ba,sadac dResac skolaa ganTavsebu-

li, saukunes iTvlis. amave ezoSi dgas

1903 wels agebuli samsarTuliani Se-

noba, romelic, gadmocemiT, erT-erT

SeZlebul adgilobrivs ekuTvnoda,

Semdgom ki, represiebisas, mas Camo-

erTva qoneba da iq teqnikuri saswav-

lebeli ganTavsda. nageboba amJamad

dazianebuli da ufunqcioa, Tumca

saintereso arqiteqturuli iersax-

isaa. SemorCenilia keramikis buxre-

bi da aivnis Wviruli CuqurTmis de-

talebi.

2

fore mosuliSvilis

saxl-muzeumi

fore mosuliSvili (1916-1944) daiba-

da sofel qvemo maCxaanSi. lagodexis

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumis dam-

Tavrebis Semdeg gaiwvies wiTel armi-

aSi (1939 w.).1941 wels mZimed daWrili

fore germanelebs tyved Cauvarda

da poloneTSi, simkacriT ganTqmul

kruSinos tyveTa banakSi gadaiyva-

nes, 1943 wels ki safrangeTSi. 1944

wels italiaSi, qalaq strezaSi aR-

moCnda sxva tyveebTan erTad. aqedan

man moaxerxa Tavis daxsna da italiel

partizanebs SeuerTda. 1944 w., ger-

manelebTan Setakebis dros, mters

danebebas sikvdili arCia da Tavi mo-

ikla maT Tvalwin, riTac sicocxle

SeunarCuna TanamebrZolebs. 1970

w. italiis mTavrobam is ,,mxedruli

mamacobisTvis daajildova.

saxl-muzeumi soflis centrSi mde-

bareobs da ganTavsebulia fores

saxlidan SemorCenil marnian pirvel

sarTulze. aq SesaZlebelia misi me-

morialuri nivTebisa da werilebis

naxva.

3

meore msoflio omSi

daRupulTa memoriali

soflis centrSi mdebareobs meore

msoflio omSi daRupulTa memoria-

li (kompleqsi). igi 1980 wels roland

SanSaSvilis mieraa Sesrulebuli. qu-

Cis aqeT-iqiT, or monumentur kedel-

ze gaSlilia bareliefiT Sesrulebu-

li sabrZolo scenebi da mgloviare

dedis mrgvali qandakeba.

memoriali soflis centralur quCa-

ze, fore mosuliSvilis saxl-muze-

umis gverdiT mdebareobs.

4

Tad gamosaxuli, romelic, mkvlevar-

Ta TqmiT, X s. ganekuTvneba. radgan

taZari Zneladmisadgomi iyo, gvi-

an Sua saukuneebSi sofelSi augiaT

RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis

sxva eklesia, amitom sameklesian bazi-

likas dRes xSirad wminda nikolozis

saxelobiTac moixsenieben, samxreTis

eklesiis saxelis mixedviT.