ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΑΘΗΣΗ

142
ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΚΗ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΙΚΗΣ ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΟΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΣ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ: Συνεχιζόμενη Εκπαίδευση Μεταπτυχιακή εργασία ΤΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΩΣ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ ΜΑΘΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΕΝΗΛΙΚΩΝ ΣΥΓΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΤΙΜΗΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΜΑΘΗΣΙΑΚΩΝ ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΩΝ ΣΤΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΜΠΕΝΑΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΟ ΚΡΑΤΙΚΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗΣ ΤΕΧΝΗΣ ΕΙΣΗΓΗΤΡΙΑ: ΑΛΜΑΛΙΩΤΗ Σουσάννα ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩΝ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ: κ. Γ. Ζαρίφης ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ Ιούνιος 2007

description

ΤΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟ. ΤΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΡΟΛΟΙ ΤΟΥ . ΤΟ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΩΣ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ ΜΑΘΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΕΝΗΛΙΚΩΝ

Transcript of ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΑΘΗΣΗ

  • :

    ::..

    2007

  • 22

    ,

  • 33

    : 5

    1. ,

    9

    1.1 9

    1.2

    18

    1.2.1

    18

    1.2.2

    24

    1.3

    28

    1.3.1

    28

    1.3.2

    35

    1.3.3 38

    1.3.4 43

    1.3.5 47

    1.3.6 51

    1.3.6.1 56

    1.3.6.2 58

    1.3.6.3

    61

  • 44

    2.

    66

    2.1()

    66

    2.2

    71

    2.3

    83

    2.3.1

    89

    3.

    92

    3.1

    92

    3.2

    104

    3.2.1 105

    3.2.2(....) 108

    3.3

    113

    124

    131

    135

  • 55

    / ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .1 ,

    ,

    .

    .2

    .

    .

    21 .

    1 Balle C. (2004) Museums: change, organization and society, http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx,:13.2.(2001):,,:112113.

  • 66

    .3

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .4

    ,

    .

    (formal) ,

    (informal) / (nonformal)

    .

    :

    (learning age )

    .

    3Hooper GreenhillE. (1994)Museum andGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress:104TaylorM.(1995)MuseumsAssociation,A.Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds),MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:1

  • 77

    .

    (

    )

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    (

    , )

    .

    .:

    )

  • 88

    )

    (,UnescoInstituteforEducation,CLMG=

    campaignforlearningthroughmuseumsandgalleries)

    )(

    , )

    .

    . ,

    . ,

    .

    .

    ,.

    ,

    .

  • 99

    1. ,

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    1.1

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

  • 1100

    .

    .

    learningage.5

    5

    (Hamburg, 1997),

    .

    .6

    (learningsociety).SchonD.

    learning society

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    5ThinesseDemelJ.Adulteducationandthemuseum.Newvisions,trendsandinnovationsfor the visitor orientation after 2000, http://www.idc.regione.emiliaromagna.it/pdf/struze.PDF,:16 ThinesseDemel J. (2003) AChangingWorld, The importance ofMuseums as LearningPlaces, Engageextra, Promoting greater understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:5

  • 1111

    .7

    EdwardsR.(1997)

    learningsociety.

    .

    .

    .8

    learning society

    .

    ,

    ,

    .9

    (lifelonglearning).

    .

    7 Smith M. K. (2000) The theory and rhetoric of the learnig society, http://www.infed.org/lifelonglearnig/blrnsoc.htm8..9 JandhyalaB.G.Tilak (2002) KnowledgeSociety,EducationandAid, Compare,Vol32,No3,BritishAssociationforInternationalandComparativeEducation,:299

  • 1122

    .10

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    :

    ,.

    ,

    .

    . ,

    .11

    ,

    .12

    10CristinadaMilano, (1989)Goodpractice inLifelongLearning inmuseumsandgalleries,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,:111 Chadwick A. (2003) Lifelong learning in museums : an overview with reference tomuseums and the postschool sector, engageextra, Promoting greater understanding andenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEuroedultSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:303112CristinadaMilano (1989)Goodpractice inLifelongLearning inmuseumsandgalleries,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,:2

  • 1133

    .

    () ,

    .13 (formal)

    . (nonformal)

    (informal)

    ,

    .

    1926 Eduard Lindeman

    , .

    ,

    .

    Asketchof theRangeandSignificanceof

    theAdultEducationMovement,BasilYeaxlee

    .

    13 Lahav S. (2003) Aspecial place, a learnig place : Museums in the 21st century, engageextra, Promoting greater understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts, Museums andGalleriesasLearningPlaces, speeches, essaysand researchpaperson lifelong learning in theAEM,MUSAEM andEuroedultSocratesprojectspublished for theLERNMUSEproject of theEuropeanCommission,:47

  • 1144

    .14

    .15 ,

    , ,

    ,

    .16

    ,210.

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,.17

    MalcolmKnowles,

    .

    Knowles

    :

    14 ChadwickA. F. (2003) Lifelong learning inmuseums : an overviewwith reference tomuseums and the postschool sector, engageextra, Promoting greater understanding andenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEuroedultSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:3015ChadwickA.F.(1980)The roleof themuseum and artgallery in community education,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham,:10116FinalReport,FifthInternationalConferenceonAdultEducation,Hamburg,Germany1418July1997,http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/confintea/pdf/finrepeng.pdf,:2917..:2930

  • 1155

    . , , ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .18

    ,

    18 Knowles M. Informal adult education, selfdirection and andragogy, http://www.infed.org/thinkers/etknowl.htm

  • 1166

    .

    ;

    : , ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    UNESCO (Delors,1996)

    (pillars).19

    1. Todo:.

    .

    2. To know:

    .

    .

    .

    .

    3. Tolivetogether:

    .

    19 Goulborn B., Museum learning for adults, http://melbourne.museum.vic.gov.au/pdf/adult1.pdfMelbournemuseum

  • 1177

    , ,

    .

    4. To be:

    .

    ,

    .20

    .

    ,

    .21

    .,

    ,

    .22

    20..:621AndersonD.(1997) Museumsmustrecognisetheneedsofallusers,AdultsLearning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:17822GutierrezFernandez J. (2003) The role of cultural institutions in the European area ofLifelongLearningEngageextra,Promotinggreaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,Museums andGalleries as Learning Places, speeches, essays and research papers on lifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:57

  • 1188

    .23

    1.2 1.2.1

    .

    ,

    . ,

    .24

    ,

    .

    .

    .25

    23Unesco,Adult learning,media and culture :Museums, libraries and cultural heritage :democratising culture, creating knowledge and building bridges, http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/confintea/booklets.html24.(2001):,,,:11111225..

  • 1199

    .26

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .27

    .

    . , ,

    .

    .28 ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    26 Balle C. (2004) Museums: change, organization and society, http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx,:1327.(2001):,,,:11211328ChadwickA.F. (1980)The roleof themuseumandartgallery incommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham,:4

  • 2200

    .29 , , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .30

    ,

    .(15)

    .

    Cosimo de

    Medici.

    ,

    cabinetof curiosities, cabinetde curiosites.

    .

    .31

    29KaplanF.E.S.(1995)Exhibitionsascommunicativemedia,E.HooperGreenhill(ed),Museum,Media,Message,Routledge,:4130.(2001):,,,:11331.(2001):,,,:113115

  • 2211

    .32

    17,,

    .

    .

    (publicmuseum)

    1625 John Tradescant, ,

    Buckingham , ,

    .33

    (180). 1793

    .

    .34

    19

    .

    ()

    .35

    19

    32..:11533KellyT.(1970)AHistoryofAdultEducationinGreatBritain,LiverpoolUniversityPress,:5734..:11511635HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:3

  • 2222

    .36

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,,

    .

    .37

    .

    .38

    .

    .

    .

    36ChadwickA.F. (1980)The roleof themuseumandartgallery incommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham,:837.(2001):,,,:11938HooperGreenhillE. (1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:1

  • 2233

    .39

    19

    .

    .

    , , , ..

    .

    ,.40

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    .41

    39.(2001):,,,:11840..:12041 . (1998) ,102,:46

  • 2244

    19

    ,

    .

    .

    .42

    .

    .

    20 /

    .

    .43

    1.2.2

    ,

    20,

    .

    , 42HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:443HooperGreenhillE. (1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:19

  • 2255

    .

    .

    .44

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .45

    44.(2001):,,,:12545 . (1998) ,102,:46

  • 2266

    1974 (The InternationalCouncil

    ofMuseumsICOM) :

    , , , ,

    ,.46

    ICOM (2001)

    :

    i. ,,

    .

    ii.

    ,,..

    iii. .

    iv. .

    v.

    , , ,

    .

    vi. ,

    .47

    .

    46 ICOM,Development of theMuseumdefinition according to ICOM statutes (19462001),http://icom.museum/hist_def_eng.html47..

  • 2277

    .

    ,

    ,,,..48

    Osborne (1985) : i)

    ii) .

    .49

    :

    , ,

    .50

    :

    1. :

    ,

    .

    2. :

    , ,

    . ,

    48FalkH.I.,DierkingD.L.(1992)Themuseumexperience,WhalesbackBooksWashington,D.C.:xiii49ChobotM.C.(1989)PubliclibrariesandmuseumsB.S.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham(eds),Handbook ofAdult andContinuingEducation, San Francisco: Jossey BassPublishers,:37650ChandwickA.,StannettA., (eds) (1995)Museumsand theEducationofAdults,NIACE,Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:6

  • 2288

    .51

    3. :

    .52

    ,.

    .

    ,

    19

    .

    .

    1.3 1.3.1.

    (museumeducation)

    .

    51GreggC.(1960)MuseumsandArtInstitutesandAdultEducation,M.S.Knowles(ed),Handbook of Adult Education in the United States, Adult Education Association of U.S.A..,Washington,:33252BarrJ.,(2004)Culturalentitlementandwhatmuseumsandgalleriescancontributetoadultlearning,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx

  • 2299

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .53

    :

    ,. ( , , ,,..)

    , , ,..

    , , ,CDROM, ,

    .54

    .

    ,

    (learning society),

    53HooperGreenhillE., (1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:154 ., (2002) ,. ,. (.),,,:179

  • 3300

    ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    .55

    .

    .DavidAnderson1997

    A Common Wealth

    ,

    ,

    .56

    .

    ,

    .57

    55ThinesseDemel J., (2003) AChangingWorld,The importanceofMuseums asLearningPlaces, Engageextra, Promoting greater understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:5656..57...7

  • 3311

    .

    1998

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .58

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    .59

    :

    , .

    .

    .

    58.,.(1999),.72,:4259ExcellenceandEquity,(1992)EducationandthePublicDimensionofMuseums,AReportfromtheAmericanAssociationofMuseums,:8

  • 3322

    .

    .

    .60

    (informal)

    (nonformal) .

    .61

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ( , .. ),

    .62

    ,

    .

    60MunleyM.E.,(2000)MuseumEducationandtheGeniusofImprovisationJ.S.Hirsch,L.H. Silverman (eds) Transforming practice, Selections from the Journal ofMuseum Education,19921999,MuseumEducationRoundtable,:5861BarrJ.,(2004)Culturalentitlementandwhatmuseumsandgalleriescancontributetoadultlearning, Collect and Share International Colloqium, (16 June 2004), http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx62 HooperGreenhill E., (1999) Education, communication and interpretation : towards acritical pedagogy inmuseums, E.Hooper Greenhill (ed) The educational role of themuseum,secondedition,Routledge,:21

  • 3333

    , ,

    , 63,

    ,

    ,

    (,

    .. ).

    ( ,

    ,..). :

    /

    , ( , ,

    , ..), 64, 65,

    .66

    .

    :

    63 . . (Merriman N., , ,.72,1999,.45)64 ,.65 .66.,.(1999),.72,:42

  • 3344

    1) ..

    .

    , /

    . ,

    .

    .67

    2) ..

    .

    .68

    3) ..

    .

    67FinchamG.,(2003)Museumsandcommunitylearning,NIACE,lifelinesinadultlearning,:1068..:11

  • 3355

    .

    .69

    (,

    , ..)

    .

    .

    .70

    1.3.2

    ,

    ,

    .

    20

    ,

    .71

    69..70 . (2002) , . , . (.), ,,:17971HooperGreenhillE. (1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:2

  • 3366

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .72

    , ,

    , , ,

    ,

    .73

    ,,,

    .

    72.,:,,2001,.18373...183184

  • 3377

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    .74

    74.,,2,2005,.1920

  • 3388

    1.3.3

    .

    .

    :

    i.

    ii.

    iii.

    iv.

    v.

    vi.

    vii.

    75

    (instructive/didactic)

    , ,

    .76

    .

    75 Padro C. (2004) Mapping learning theories in museums, Collect and Share report,Barcelona,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,:176HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:25

  • 3399

    .

    77.

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .78

    ,

    .

    ,

    .79

    :

    , .

    77 Padro C. (2004) Mapping theories in museums, Collect and Share report, Barcelona,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,:178..:279..

  • 4400

    (, panels) .

    .

    .

    .80

    (Discoverylearning)

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .81

    ,

    . , ,

    .

    80HeinG.E.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:272881..:30

  • 4411

    .82

    70

    ExploratoriumSanFrancisco.83

    :

    1. , ,

    .

    2. .

    3. (, panels)

    .

    4.

    .

    5.

    .

    6.

    .84

    (constructivism)

    Jean

    Piaget

    (cognitive structures)

    . Piaget D. P.Ausubel,

    ,

    . Ausubel

    82..:313283 Padro C. (2004) Mapping learning theories in museums, Collect and Share report,Barcelona,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,:284HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:33

  • 4422

    .

    .85

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .86

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .87

    .

    85JefferyK.R.(2000)CostructivisminMuseums:Howmuseumscreatemeaningfullearningenviroments, S.Hirsh, L.H. Silverman (eds) Transforming practice, selections from theJournalofMuseumEducation,19921999,MuseumEducationRoundtable,:21286..:21221387HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:34

  • 4433

    .88

    .

    .

    .89

    :

    1.

    .

    2. .

    3. .

    4.

    .

    5.

    .90

    1.3.4

    .

    .

    88..89 Padro C. (2004) Mapping learning theories in museums, Collect and Share report,Barcelona,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,,:490HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,Routledge,:35

  • 4444

    , ,

    , ,

    .91 ,

    ,

    .

    (stimulation) : ,

    .

    ,.

    .92

    .93

    .

    ,

    /

    .94 ,

    .

    91 . (2005) : , ,2,:1192 Cross J., Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf,:293FalkH.I.,DierkingD.L.(1995)MuseumsandLearningH.I.Falk,D.L.Dierking(eds)PublicinstitutionsforPersonalLearning,EstablishingaResearchAgenda,AmericanAssociationofMuseums,:101194 Cross J., Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf,:3

  • 4455

    .95

    ,

    .96

    (informal) (,

    ) (nonformal)

    , ,

    ,

    ,..97

    ,

    :

    (Prior knowledge and experience).

    .

    .

    (Motivation and attitudes).

    .

    ,

    95 HooperGreenhill E., (1999) Education, communication and interpretation : towards acritical pedagogy inmuseums, E.Hooper Greenhill (ed) The educational role of themuseum,secondedition,Routledge,:2196NuisslE. (2003) AdultEducation inMuseums :Museums as EducationalTools, Engageextra, Promoting greater understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts,Museums andGalleriesasLearningPlaces, speeches, essaysand researchpaperson lifelong learning in theAEM,MUSAEM and EUROEDULT Socrates projects published for the LERNMUSE project of theEuropeanCommission,:2397 HooperGreenhill E. (1999) Education, communication and interpretation : towards acritical pedagogy inmuseums, E.Hooper Greenhill (ed) The educational role of themuseum,secondedition,Routledge,:21

  • 4466

    .

    ,

    .

    (Culture and background). .

    .

    (Socialmediation).

    .

    , .

    .

    (Designandpresentation). ,

    .

    .

    (Physical setting).

    ,

    .

  • 4477

    .98

    1.3.5

    ,

    ,

    .

    .99

    :

    9

    .100 John

    Dewey

    ,

    .101

    98FalkJ.H.,DierkingL.D.(1995)MuseumsandLearningFalkH.I.,DierkingD.L.(eds)Public institutions for Personal Learning, Establishing a Research Agenda, AmericanAssociationofMuseums,:1199 . (2005) : , ,2,:12100FalkJ.H.,DierkingL.D.MuseumsandlearningJ.H.Falk,L.D.Dierking(eds)Publicinstitutions for Personal Learning, establishing a Research agenda,American Association ofMuseums,:10101..:101

  • 4488

    .102

    ,

    , , .

    ,

    ,

    .103

    .104

    9 .

    ,

    .

    .105

    9 .

    .

    .

    1021.3.4103 . (2005) : , ,2,:12104ExcellenceandEquity,(1992)EducationandthePublicDimensionofMuseums,AReportfromtheAmericanAssociationofMuseums,:12105 . (2005) : , ,2,:12

  • 4499

    .106

    .107

    .108

    9

    .

    .109

    .110

    (19931994)

    ,

    106..:1011107ExcellenceandEquity,(1992)EducationandthePublicDimensionofMuseums,AReportfromtheAmericanAssociationofMuseums,:12108AmmannJ.C. MuseumsandArtGalleriesascollectivememoryEngageextra,(2003)Promoting greater understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts, Museums and Galleries asLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:28109 Belanger P. New visions of lifelong learning Engageextra, (2003) Promoting greaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:20110ChadwickA.F. (1980)Theroleof themuseumandartgallery incommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham,:102

  • 5500

    ,

    . ,

    2004:

    .111

    9 ICOM (2002)

    .112

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .113

    ,.114

    9 19,

    , .

    111 . (2005) : , ,2,:13112CristinadaMilano,(1989)Goodpractice inLifelongLearning inmuseumsandgalleries,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx,113Falk J.H.,DierkingL.D. (1995) Public institutions forpersonal learning J.H.Falk,L.D.Dierking(eds)Publicinstitutionsforpersonallearning,EstablishingaResearchAgenda,AmericanAssociationofMuseums,:20114ExcellenceandEquity,(1992)EducationandthePublicDimensionofMuseums,AReportfromtheAmericanAssociationofMuseums,:12

  • 5511

    ,

    .115

    9 .

    .116

    9

    , ,

    .117

    1.3.6

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    115Falk J.H.,DierkingL.D. (1995) Public institutions forpersonal learning J.H.Falk,L.D. Dierking (eds) Public institutions for personal learning, Establishing a Research Agenda,AmericanAssociationofMuseums,:20116LahavS.Aspecialplace,aLearningPlace:Museumsinthe21stcentury,Engageextra,(2003)Promotinggreaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:49117 Thinesse Demel J. Adult education and the museum. New visions, trends andinnovations for the visitor orientation after 2000, http://www.idc.regione.emiliaromagna.it/pdf/struze.PDF

  • 5522

    .118

    ,

    .

    .

    .119

    .

    , ,

    .

    :

    .

    : ,

    ,.120,HooperGreenhill,

    118BownL. AAdultEducatorsPerspective A.F.Chadwick,A.Stannett (eds), (1995)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:36119ChadwickA.. StannettA. Introduction A. F.Chadwick,A. Stannett (eds), (1995)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:5120 Thinesse Demel J. Adult education and the museum. New visions, trends andinnovations for the visitor orientation after 2000, http://www.idc.regione.emiliaromagna.it/pdf/struze.PDF

  • 5533

    .121

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .122

    .123

    ,

    .

    National

    Report onMuseumEducation 1994

    .

    566

    ,46%,43%

    31% .

    121HooperGreenhillE. (1994) Learning fron learning theory inmuseums, E.HooperGreenhill(ed)TheEducationalroleofthemuseum,Routledge,:137122 Cross J. Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf,:5123 Haase E. (2003) Museums and Adult Education Engageextra, Promoting greaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:62

  • 5544

    . (26%)

    .

    .

    .124

    .125

    5% .

    .126

    .

    124AndersonD.(1997) Museumsmustrecognisetheneedsofallusers,AdultsLearning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:178125CristinadaMilano,(1989)Goodpractice inLifelongLearning inmuseumsandgalleries,http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx126 Lahav S. (2003) A special place, A learning place:Museums in the 21st century Engageextra,Promotinggreaterunderstandingandenjoymentof thevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearninginthe AEM,MUSAEM and EUROEDULT Socrates projects published for the LERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:47

  • 5555

    .127

    20

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .128

    127ChadwickA.F. (1980)Theroleof themuseumandartgallery incommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham128MerrimanN.(1999),.72,1999,:43

  • 5566

    .

    1.3.6.1

    .,

    .

    .129

    .

    .

    .130

    129 Bown L. (2003) An Adult Educators Perspective Engageextra, Promoting greaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:36130 Goulborn B. Museum learning for adults, http://melbourne.museum.vic.gov.au/pdf/adult1.pdfMelbournemuseum

  • 5577

    ,.131

    .

    .132

    .

    ,,,,,

    Bradford, (Woollen

    Museum)NationalMuseumofWales,DreFachFelindre,

    ..133

    .

    .

    131 Unesco, Adult learning,media and culture:Museums, libraries and cultural heritage:democratising culture, creating knowledge and building bridges, http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/confintea/booklets.html,:8132 Bown L. (2003) An Adult Educators Perspective Engageextra, Promoting greaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces,speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMandEUROEDULTSocratesprojectspublishedfortheLERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission,:37133..:35

  • 5588

    .134

    () ,

    .

    ,

    .135

    1.3.6.2

    ,

    . ,

    / ,

    ,

    .

    .136

    ,

    .

    134..:38135..136..:39

  • 5599

    .

    .

    Oxford

    History of Science Museum

    Glasgow.137

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .138

    .

    ,

    .139

    , , ..

    137..:39138..:39139..:40

  • 6600

    .140

    .

    .

    .141

    .

    .

    .142

    .

    140.141..:4142142..

  • 6611

    ,

    .

    1.3.6.3

    . 19

    ,,

    . , 20

    .

    .143

    (report)DepartmentofPracticalArt

    VictoriaandAlbertMusem.

    1850 :

    ,

    ,

    143 Grek S. (2004) Museums and Adult Education in the UK: from the old cabinets ofcuriositiestomuseumsasnewsitesfornonformallearningProceedings,4thESREAEuropean Research Conference, Between Old and New Worlds of Adult Learning, 1619September2004,Wroclaw,Poland:8283

  • 6622

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .144

    SouthKensingtonMuseum

    ,HenryCole, 1857

    :

    .19,SouthKensington

    Museum, Department of Science and Art,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    .145

    19

    UsefulRules tokeep inMindon

    Visiting aMuseum (1880)

    .

    :

    1.

    2.

    144HooperGreenhillE. (1995) AMuseumEducatorsperspective A.F.Chadwick,A.Stannett (eds)Museums and the Education ofAdults,NIACE: The national organisation foradultlearning,:50145AndersonD.(1997)Museumsmustrecognisetheneedsofallusers,AdultsLearning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:178

  • 6633

    3.

    .

    4. .

    5. .

    6.

    .

    7.

    .

    8. .146

    (report)Commission

    on Adult Education (1919)

    .

    . , 1956

    National Institute of Adult Education (UK)

    . ,

    .147

    1936 Lyman Bryson

    .

    146HooperGreenhillE.(1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:1617147ChadwickA.F. (1980)Theroleof themuseumandartgallery incommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham,:1315

  • 6644

    : 1) , 2)

    ,

    3) , 4) , 5)

    ,6),7),8)

    9)parentteachergroups.148

    Handbook ofAdult Education 1970

    .

    ().

    (,

    ).,

    ,

    .

    (, )

    (, , ..).149

    .

    .LandMuseumDarmstadt

    1820 ,GrandLudwig IofHesse,

    148AppsJ.W.(1989)ProvidersofAdultandContinuingEducation:AFramework,S.B.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham(eds),HandbookofAdultandContinuingEducation,SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,:276149..:276277

  • 6655

    .

    19

    20. Lichtwark

    (), Kerschensteiner (), Reichwein Bode ()

    .150

    .18

    20

    (MechanicsInstitutes)

    (Literary and philosophical societies)

    .

    , .151

    (1999)MuseumsAssociation,Museums,Libraries

    and Archives Coyncil

    .152

    150Nuissl E. (2003) Adult Education inmuseums:Museums as Educational Tools Engageextra,(2003)Promotinggreaterunderstandingandenjoymentofthevisualarts,MuseumsandGalleriesasLearningPlaces, speeches, essaysand researchpaperson lifelong learning in theAEM,MUSAEM and EUROEDULT Socrates projects published for the LERNMUSE project of theEuropeanCommission,:22151HooperGreenhillE.(1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress,:1112152 Grek S. (2004) Museums and adult education in the UK : from the old cabinets ofcuriosities tomuseums as new sites for nonformal learning, Proceedings, 4th ESREAEuropean Research Conference, Between Old and New Worlds of Adult Learning, 1619September2004,Wroclaw,Poland,:85

  • 6666

    2.

    ,

    .

    .

    2.1 ( )

    , .

    ,

    .153

    ,

    .

    153AnnieV.F.,StorrPh.D.(1995)Archivedcurrentpractice&potential :Research&AdultEducation inMuseums,U.S.DepartmentofEducationConferencepanel,April12131995,http://www.ed.gov/pubs/PLLIConf95/pelavin.html,:1

  • 6677

    , ,

    . , ,

    .154

    .

    (, , ).

    ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    , , ..

    .155

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    154..155..

  • 6688

    .

    .

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .156

    :1),,

    2)

    .

    .

    ,

    156..:2

  • 6699

    .

    .

    , /

    .157

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .158

    157..:3158..

  • 7700

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    (

    ).159

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    159..:3

  • 7711

    .

    .160

    .

    .

    2.2 .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .161

    160..:45161Hooper GreenhillE. (1995) AMuseumEducatorsPerspective, .Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds),MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:63

  • 7722

    .

    .

    .

    .162

    .163

    :

    ,

    164

    162 The learning Organization, http://www.infed.org/biblio/learningorganization.htm163 The learning Organization, http://www.oagbvg.gc.ca/domino/reports.nsf/html/ch9205e.html164 The learning Organization, http://www.infed.org/biblio/learningorganization.htm

  • 7733

    .

    .165

    .

    .166

    .

    .

    .

    .

    165AndersonD.,(1995)GradgrindDrivingQueenMabsCharot:Whatmuseumshave(andhavenot)learntfromAdultEducation,.Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:3031166..:30

  • 7744

    .167

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    Malcolm S.Knowles.168

    1950 1960

    Erikson (1959) Maslow (1968) .

    Knowlesandragogy

    ,

    .169

    AlanRogers,

    :

    167 Cross J. Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf168 Gunther C. F. (1994) Museum goers : life styles and learning characteristics, E.HooperGreenhill(ed)TheEducationalroleoftheMuseum,Routledge,:21169HeinE.G.,AlexanderM. (1998)Museums,Placesof learning,AmericanAssociationofmuseumsEducationCommittee,ProfessionalPracticeSeries,RoxanaAdams,Series editor,:20

  • 7755

    1.

    .

    2.

    .

    3.

    ( ,

    ,..)

    4.

    .170

    /

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .171

    170..:21171JonesD.(1995)TheAdultLearnerA.Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE,:67

  • 7766

    .172

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ()

    .

    .173

    .

    .

    .174

    172HeinE.G.,AlexanderM. (1998)Museums,Placesof learning,AmericanAssociationofmuseumsEducationCommittee,ProfessionalPracticeSeries,RoxanaAdams,Series editor,:20173 Jensen N. (1994) Children, teenagers and adults in museums : a developmentalperspective E.HooperGreenhill (ed)TheEducational role of theMuseum,Routledge,:114174 Cross J. Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf

  • 7777

    , :

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    (facilitator)

    ,

    ,

    .175

    ,

    .

    (, , .. ).

    ,

    175 JonesD. (1995) TheAdultLearner.Chadwick,A.Stannett (eds)Museumsand theEducationofAdults,NIACE:67

  • 7788

    .176

    .

    /

    ,

    .177

    , , , ,

    . ,

    (18 35 )

    . (35 55 )

    . ,

    .

    176 FalkH. I.,DierkingD. L. (2000) Learning fromMuseums,Visitor Experiences and theMakingofMeaning,AltaMiraPress,:179181177GuntherC. F. (1994) Museum goers: life styles and learning characteristics .HooperGreenhill(ed)TheEducationalRoleofMuseum,Routledge,:122

  • 7799

    .178

    ,

    ,

    .

    Howard Gardner

    1983

    .

    . ,

    .179

    Gardner:

    9 (visual and spatialintelligence):

    ,

    .

    . ,

    178 Jensen N. (1994) Children, teenagers and adults in museums : a developmentalperspective.HooperGreenhill(ed)TheEducationalRoleofMuseum,Routledge,:114115179 Howard Gardner, Multiple intelligences and education, http://infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

  • 8800

    ,

    .

    9 (musical intelligence): .

    , .

    (storytelling).

    9 (kinestheticintelligence):

    .

    .

    , ,

    .

    9 (interpersonalintelligence):

    .

    .

    .

    9 (intrapersonal intelligence):

    .

  • 8811

    .

    9 (linguistic intelligence) :,,

    ,

    .

    .

    9 (mathematical logical intelligence) :

    .

    .

    .

    9 (naturalist intelligence) :

    .

    ,.180

    H.Gardner

    /

    . ,

    180LearningStylesActivity, InspiringLearning forall,MuseumsLibrariesArchives (MLA) http://www.inspiringlearningforall.gov.uk/utilities/downloadlibrary/index.aspx

  • 8822

    .181

    .

    .182

    (campaign for Learning

    throughmuseums and Galleries, CLMG)

    .

    . ,

    181 MuseumsLibrariesArchives (MLA), InspiringLearningfor all (http://www.inspiringlearningforall.gov.uk) , . H.Gardner.182AndersonD.GradgrindDrivingQueenMabsChariot:Whatmuseumshave(andhavenot)learntfromAdultEducationA.F.Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds),(1995)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:31

  • 8833

    ,

    .

    .183

    .

    .

    2.3

    .

    1. :

    .

    .

    .

    183..:23

  • 8844

    .

    .

    2. :

    .

    .,

    .

    3. :

    Collins,

    .184 ,

    ,

    .

    .

    184ChobotM.C.(1989)Publiclibrariesandmuseums,S.B.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham(eds),HandbookofAdultandContinuingEducation,SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,:377

  • 8855

    .185,MaryEllenMunley,

    ,

    .186

    ,

    .

    .187

    ,..

    .188

    :

    :.

    185 FalkH. I.,DierkingD. L. (2000) Learning fromMuseums,Visitor Experiences and theMakingofMeaning,AltaMiraPress:179182186.(2004).,, , , (2822004):5456187 FalkH. I.,DierkingD. L. (2000) Learning fromMuseums,Visitor Experiences and theMakingofMeaning,AltaMiraPress:182188AndersonD.(1997)Museumsmustrecognisetheneedsofallusers,AdultsLearning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:178

  • 8866

    : .

    :..

    :

    .

    4. / :

    .

    .

    .

    5. . :

    ,

    , ,

    .

    .189

    .

    189HooperGreenhillE.(1994)Learningfrom learningtheory inmuseumsE.HooperGreenhill(ed)TheEducationalRoleoftheMuseum,Routledge,:141

  • 8877

    6. :

    .

    (, ,

    ,..)

    .

    .

    .

    7. :

    ,

    ,.

    .

    .

    J.H. Falk

    .

  • 8888

    :

    ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .,

    , ,

    ,

    ,,,

    ...190

    8. :

    .

    .

    ,

    190.(2004).,, , , (2822004):4

  • 8899

    .

    .191

    2.3.1

    .

    ToledoMuseumofArt

    .

    ToledoMuseumofArt

    ,

    (selfdirected)

    (more

    sustained)

    (high

    involvement)

    (intensesustained)

    191FinchamG.(2003)Museumsandcommunity learning,NIACE, lifelines inadult learning:3536

  • 9900

    1

    ,

    ,

    ,,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (),

    ,,

    2

    :

    ,

    ,

    :

    ,,

    :

    ,

    :

    ,

    ,,

    3

    :,

    :

    ,

    :,

    :

    ,,,

    (ChobotM.E.(1989)PubliclibrariesandmuseumsB.S.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham(eds)HandbookofAdultandContinuingEducation,JosseyBassPublishersSanFrancisco,:

    378379)

    ()

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

  • 9911

    .

    ToledoMuseumofArt

    ,

    .self

    directed

    ,

    . moresustained

    high

    involvement, intense sustained.

    .

  • 9922

    3.

    .

    , ..

    .

    (

    )

    .

    3.1

    (..).

    .

    Ulster Museum

    Belfast 1994.

    ,

    Halloween,,

  • 9933

    ,,

    ,

    .192

    .

    TreasureIslandsRobertLouisStevensonRoyal

    Museum

    ,

    HawaiSamoa,

    Samoa ,

    19.

    Stevenson

    ..193

    ..

    . NationalGallery

    , Birkbeck

    College UniversityofLondon, TheHistoryofArtand the

    Classroom.

    .

    14

    192HooperGreenhillE.AMuseumEducatorsPerspectiveA.F.Chadwick,A.Stannett(eds),(1995)MuseumsandtheEducationofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:53193..

  • 9944

    .

    .Walker

    Art Gallery Liverpool

    ,

    1995, 19

    1890.194

    .

    .

    .

    .195

    .

    ViewpointPhotographyGallery(SalfordMuseumsand

    ArtGallery)

    .

    Ulster Folk and TransportMuseum

    , , . Victoria and

    194..:54195..:55

  • 9955

    AlbertMuseum

    .196

    .VictoriaandAlbertMuseum

    .TateGalleryLiverpool

    Park Lane

    Secure

    20 .

    Tate Gallery,

    gallery

    .

    .197

    .

    Geffrye

    Museum,

    . Geffrye Museum

    HackneyCommunityCollege

    196..:5354197..:55

  • 9966

    .1993,

    (courses).

    .,

    .

    ,

    ,,,..

    ,

    .

    ,

    .198

    :

    .

    .

    .

    198 Hemming S. (1995) CommunityBased Adult Education Programmes at the GeffryeMuseumA.Chadwick,A.Stannett (eds)Museumsand theEducationofAdults,NIACE,:7980

  • 9977

    .

    (),

    ()(

    ).

    .199

    .200

    .

    Museums and Galleries Lifelong Learning Initiative (MGLI)

    Department for Education and Skills (DFES)

    .

    gallery

    .201

    ( 2002 2003)

    LondonsMuseum

    Club.o:

    199..:80200..:81201 (MGLI) http://www.clmg.org.uk

  • 9988

    1.

    (,).

    2.

    .

    3.

    .

    4.

    .

    /:

    1.

    (, ), ,

    .

    2.

    .

    3.

    .

    4.

    .

    5.

    .

    6.

    .202

    202LondonsMuseumClubWhatdidwelearnthistime?TheMuseumsandGalleriesLifelongLearningInitiative(MGLI)20022003,clmgdepartmentforeducationandskillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL2.pdf,:911

  • 9999

    59

    15.203

    .

    .

    .

    Cumimg Museum

    .

    ,

    , , .

    .204

    .Gunnersbury

    Park

    .

    203:LondonMuseumsArchivesandLibraries(LMAL),SouthwarkCollege,CumimgMuseum,LondonsTransportMuseum,LondonUnderground,MuseumofLondon,RaggedSchoolMuseum,TowerHamletsCollege,GunnersburyParkMuseum,WestEalingCollege, National Portrait Gallery, City Lit, University ofWestminster, Freelance ProjectManager.204LondonsMuseumClubWhatdidwelearnthistime?TheMuseumsandGalleriesLifelongLearningInitiative(MGLI)20022003,clmgdepartmentforeducationandskillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL2.pdf,:13

  • 110000

    .

    ,

    1000NIACE(TheNational

    InstituteforAdultContinuingEducation).205

    Victoria andAlbertMuseum. MughalTentProject

    1991

    1996.NehruGallery

    .

    Mughal 206

    .

    ,..

    .

    Nehru Gallery

    .

    ,

    .

    Mughal

    205..:14206.

  • 110011

    .207

    Museums and Galleries Lifelong Learning

    Initiative (MGLI)

    Museum Fever.

    , SalfordMuseum and Art

    Gallery, NorthWestMuseum Service Salford Foyer208

    20002002.

    1625 Salford Foyer.

    :

    4. ,

    .

    5.

    .

    /:

    1.

    .

    2.

    .

    3.

    .209

    207Akbar S. (1995) MulticulturalEducation :TheMughalTentProject at theVictorianadAlbertMuseum A.Chadwick,A. Stannett (eds)Museums and theEducation ofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning,:8491208Foyers,,1625.115Foyers 5000 .209 Social Inclusion,Museum Fever! What didwe learn ? Themuseums and galleriesLifelong Learning Initiative (MGLI) 20002002, clmg department for education and skillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL.pdf,:16

  • 110022

    SalfordMuseumandArtGallery

    .,

    .

    .210

    Museumsand

    Galleries Lifelong Learning Initiative (MGLI) .

    MakingMemories

    211 20002002 162

    GravesArt

    Gallery.

    .:

    1.

    .

    2.

    .

    3. .

    /:

    1.

    .

    210..:18211 : Yorkshire Museums Council (YMC), SheffieldGalleriesandMuseumsTrust,WaterwaysTrust,DoncasterMuseumService,AgeConcern,Agewell,Localdaycarecentres,LocalLibraries,CliftonParkMuseum.

  • 110033

    2.

    .

    3.

    .212

    .

    .

    .

    . ,

    posters

    .213

    .

    .

    ,

    212 OlderLearners,MakingMemories Whatdidwe learn?ThemuseumsandgalleriesLifelong Learning Initiative (MGLI) 20002002, clmg department for education and skillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL.pdf,:28213..:3031

  • 110044

    .

    .214

    .

    .

    .

    3.2

    .

    (caseoriented

    comparison)

    .

    214MuseumofLondon:LearningFramework,:7

  • 110055

    ().

    .

    3.2.1

    215

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    33.000 ,

    :

    ,

    ,

    1821

    1922,.216

    21517 ().,.216http://www.benaki.gr

  • 110066

    .

    (email).,

    .

    1978

    . 1988

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    :

    19889 :

    ()

    19890::()

    20001 :

    ()

    20012:()

    20034:()

    20034:(2005)

    2005:()

    2005

    ,

    , ,

    .

    :

    .,

  • 110077

    ,

    . , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    217:

    9 9 9 ()9 9 9 9 ,,..9 ,,.. ,

    ,

    .

    .

    300420.16

    .

    2 4 2 4

    ,.

    20042005

    ,

    217 .

  • 110088

    (87%),4049 (27,5%)

    ,(47,8%).

    3.2.2 ()

    218()

    1

    ,.

    1275 ,

    ,,,

    ,

    20

    .

    2000.219

    (

    200) ....

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    218 21, & 1(). ., .219http://www.greekstatemuseum.com

  • 110099

    . ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    ( ,

    ..), (..

    , ).

    1520

    .

  • 111100

    44

    2003

    . 20

    ..

    , .

    .

    (14 ) 2

    .

    .

    (,

    , , ), ,

    .

    ,

    ,.

    (. , . , .

    ).

    .

  • 111111

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    11 16

    2002

    John Bowlt.

    35 ,

    , ,

    ,,

    .

    ,

    ,,

    .220

    ,

    220 J. Bowlt,N.Misler, . , . , . . ,... . .

  • 111122

    .

    18 23 2002.

    11InstitutoUniversitarioOrientale

    , 2

    , 16

    6

    ...

    J. Bowlt, N.Misler, N. Adaskina, L. Iovleva, . , .

    ,.,..

    ,

    .

    ,

    /.

    ( ).

    ;

    .221

    221 , .

  • 111133

    3.3

    .

    :

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    ,

    , , /

    .

    .

  • 111144

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    300420 (

    ).

    (

  • 111155

    ), ,

    .

    .

    .,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

  • 111166

    ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ( )

    ()

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 111177

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ()

    ,

    ( ,

    ).

    .

  • 111188

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    :

    ,

    , ,

    .

  • 111199

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ....

    .

  • 112200

    ,, ,,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    814.

    24 .

    ,,

    20%.

    .

  • 112211

    .

    .

    .

    .

    2002

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

  • 112222

    .

    ,

    ( )

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

  • 112233

    .

    .

    //

    .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    .

  • 112244

    21

    ,

    .

    .222

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    222HooperGreenhillE. (1994)MuseumandGalleryEducation,LeicesterUniversityPress:10

  • 112255

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    . ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

  • 112266

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    (, ). ,

  • 112277

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ..

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 112288

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    :

    11.. ::

    .

    .

    .

    2. ::

    .

    ,

    .

  • 112299

    .

    .

    3.

    ::

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    4. ::

    .

    .223

    223StorrAnnieV.F.(1995)Archivedinformation :CurrentPracticeandPotential :ResearchandAdultEducation inMuseums,U.S.DepartmentofEducationConferencePanel (1213April1995),http://www.ed.gov/pubs/PLLIConf95/pelavin.html:78

  • 113300

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

  • 113311

    AndersonD. (1997) Museumsmust recognise the needs of all users, AdultsLearning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:178

    Annie V. F., Storr Ph. D. (1995) Archived current practice & potential :Research & Adult Education in Museums, U.S. Department ofEducation Conference panel, April 1213 1995, http://www.ed.gov/pubs/PLLIConf95/pelavin.html

    Apps J. W. (1989) Providers of Adult and Continuing Education : AFramework,S.B.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham(eds),HandbookofAdultandContinuingEducation,SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,:275286

    BalleC. (2004)Museums : change,organizationand society, http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx

    Barr J. (2004) Cultural entitlement and what museums and galleries cancontribute to adult learning, Collect and Share InternationalColloqium, (16 June 2004), http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/reports/index.aspx

    ChadwickA.F.(1980)Theroleofthemuseumandartgalleryincommunityeducation,DepartmentofAdultEducation,UniversityofNottingham

    Chadwick A. F., Stannett A. (eds), (1995)Museums and the Education ofAdults,NIACE:Thenationalorganisationforadultlearning

    ChobotM.C.(1989)Publiclibrariesandmuseums,S.B.Merriam,P.M.Cunningham (eds), Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education, SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,:375383

    CristinadaMilano, (1989)Goodpractice inLifelongLearning inmuseumsand galleries, http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx

    Cross J. Adult learning and Museums, http://www.amonline.net.au/amarc/pdf/conferences/johnc.pdf

    Engageextra, (2003)Promotinggreaterunderstandingand enjoymentof thevisual arts, Museums and Galleries as Learning Places, speeches,essaysandresearchpapersonlifelonglearningintheAEM,MUSAEMand EUROEDULT Socrates projects published for the LERNMUSEprojectoftheEuropeanCommission

    Excellence and Equity, (1992) Education and the Public Dimension ofMuseums,AReportfromtheAmericanAssociationofMuseums

    FalkH.I.,DierkingD.L.(1992)TheMuseumExperience,WhalesbackBooksWashington,D.C.

    FalkH.I.,DierkingD.L.(2000)LearningfromMuseums,VisitorExperiencesandtheMakingofMeaning,AltaMiraPress

  • 113322

    Falk H. I., Dierking D. L. (eds) (1995) Public institutions for PersonalLearning, Establishing a ResearchAgenda,AmericanAssociation ofMuseums

    FinalReport,Fifth InternationalConferenceonAdultEducation,Hamburg,Germany 1418 July 1997, http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/confintea/pdf/finrepeng.pdf

    FinchamG. (2003)Museums and community learning,NIACE, lifelines inadultlearning

    Goulborn B. Museum learning for adults, http://melbourne.museum.vic.gov.au/pdf/adult1.pdf Melbournemuseum

    GreggC.(1960)MuseumsandArtInstitutesandAdultEducation,M.S.Knowles (ed),Handbook ofAdultEducation in theUnited States,AdultEducationAssociationofU.S.A..,Washington,:330338

    Grek S. (2004) Museums and adult education in the UK : from the oldcabinets of curiosities to museums as new sites for nonformallearning, Proceedings, 4th ESREA European Research Conference,Between Old and NewWorlds of Adult Learning, 1619 September2004,Wroclaw,Poland:8190

    Hein E. G., AlexanderM. (1998)Museums, Places of learning, AmericanAssociation ofmuseums EducationCommittee, Professional PracticeSeries,RoxanaAdams,Serieseditor

    HeinE.G.(1998)LearningintheMuseum,RoutledgeHirsch J. S., Silverman L.H. (eds) (2000) Transforming practice, Selections

    fromtheJournalofMuseumEducation,19921999,MuseumEducationRoundtable

    Hooper Greenhill E.(1994) Museum and Gallery Education, LeicesterUniversityPress

    HooperGreenhillE.(ed)(1999)Theeducationalroleofthemuseum,secondedition,Routledge

    HooperGreenhillE.(ed)(1995)Museum,Media,Message,RoutledgeHowardGardner,Multipleintelligencesandeducation,

    http://infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htmICOM,Developmentof theMuseumdefinitionaccording to ICOMstatutes

    (19462001),http://icom.museum/hist_def_eng.htmlJandhyalaB.G.Tilak(2002)KnowledgeSociety,EducationandAid,

    Compare,Vol32,No3,BritishAssociationforInternationalandComparativeEducation,:299

    KellyT.(1970)AHistoryofAdultEducationinGreatBritain,LiverpoolUniversityPress,:56111

    KnowlesM.Andragogy,http://tip.psychology.org/knowles.html

  • 113333

    KnowlesM.Informaladulteducation,selfdirectionandandragogy,http://www.infed.org/thinkers/etknowl.htm

    Learning Styles Activity, Inspiring Learning for all, Museums LibrariesArchives (MLA) http://www.inspiringlearningforall.gov.uk/utilities/downloadlibrary/index.aspx

    MerrimanN. (1999) ,.72,1999,:4346

    MoffatH. (1997) ACommonWealth, Adults Learning,Mar1997,Vol8,Issue7,:188

    MuseumofLondon:LearningPlan20042009,DRAFT3,22Nov2004MuseumofLondon:LearnigPolicy20042009MuseumofLondon:LearningFrameworkPadroC. (2004)Mapping learning theories inmuseums,Collect and Share

    report, Barcelona, http://www.collectandshare.eu.com/good/index.aspx

    SmithM.K.(2000)Thetheoryandrhetoricofthelearningsociety,http://www.infed.org/lifelonglearning/blrnsoc.htm

    The learning Organization, http://www.infed.org/biblio/learningorganization.htm

    The learning Organization, http://www.oagbvg.gc.ca/domino/reports.nsf/html/ch9205e.html

    Thinesse Demel J.Adult educationand themuseum.Newvisions, trendsand innovations for thevisitor orientation after 2000, http://www.idc.regione.emiliaromagna.it/pdf/struze.PDF

    Unesco,Adultlearning,mediaandculture:Museums,librariesandculturalheritage:democratisingculture,creatingknowledgeandbuildingbridges,http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/confintea/booklets.html

    Whatdidwelearn?ThemuseumsandgalleriesLifelongLearningInitiative(MGLI)20002002,clmgdepartmentforeducationandskillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL.pdf

    Whatdidwelearnthistime?ThemuseumsandgalleriesLifelongLearningInitiative(MGLI)20022003,clmgdepartmentforeducationandskillshttp://www.clmg.org.uk/PDFs/WDWL2.pdf

    .,. (.) (2002),

    ., . (1999) , .72,1999,:42

  • 113344

    .(2005) :,,2,:917

    .(1998) , 102:4556

    .(2001):,,. (2005)

    ,,2,:1825.(2004)

    .,, , , (28 22004):5456

  • 113355

    ,,

    :

    (),.17,16.0019.0012. . , . , 18 2006, , 52006.:350.(),.17,16.0019.0012..,.,16 2006, , 10 2006. :350.(),.17,18.3021.00 12 2 1/2 . .,. ,172006,, 42006.:350.

  • 113366

    :,.17,16.0018.30 12 2 1/2 . , (,,, ). ,.,132006 , 14 2006.:350.:,.17,18.3021.00 12 2 1/2 . , (,,,,, , , ). ,. , 13 2006 ,142006.:350.,138,,10.0013.0012. , , ( , , ). , . , 18 2006 ,52006.:350.,138,,17.0020.00

  • 113377

    12. , , .,.,192006,62006.:350.,138,,18.0020.00 9 1 . ()..,., 16 2006, ,272006.:330.,138,,18.0020.0012(8,22). . .,. ,19 2006 ,62006.:350,.22,,16.0020.0010..( , ,)..,. , 19 2006 ,232006.:350.

  • 113388

    ,.22,,16.0020.0010. ( ). . , . , 20 2006 , 72006.:350:,.17,15.3018.308. , . , , .,.,312006,,212006.:330.:,138,,11.0014.00 8 . , , . , .,31 2006, , 21 2006.:330.*,138,17.0020.30 14 3 1/2 . ( , , ,

  • 113399

    , , ,)., . ,19 2006 , 11 2006.:420,138,,17.0020.30 14 3 1/2 . . ,.32006,262006.:420,138,,17.0021.0012.(,,,,,,,)..,.,11 2006,,292006.380.(),.22,,18.0020.301221/2. (). , , , , ). . , . , 17 2006, , , 42006.350.

  • 114400

    ,.38.,,17.0020.0012. . .. , ,, . .,. , 19 2006,62006.300.,,. , 7 ,,18.0021.008.. , . ,16 2006 ,132006.:300. , 7 ,,18.0021.0012. . . , . , 16 2006, ,102006.350.

  • 114411

    , 7 ,,18.0021.00 12 . , ,..,. , 18 2006, ,52006.350.

    .....

    1. : : Nicoletta Misler, InstitutoUniversitarioOrientale ,1520012. : : JohnE.Bowlt, ,1620013. : . LutzBecker, 1220014. : 1920IrinaSubotic,,820015. : . BojanaPejic.,2620016. : AvantGarde : , ...2220017. : , ,2820018. :Aleksandra Shatskikh, ,1620039. :: Andrei Nakov, ,232003

  • 114422

    : : Yves Klein . , ,252003