ხუდონჰესის გარემოზე ზემოქმედების...

Trans Electrica Ltd., 2013

(702 )

20113


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Trans Electrica Ltd., 2013 1

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2,506,511 1,183,826 779,223 104,713 13.4

19,717,141 7,684,990 4,477,937 1,367,783 30.5

657,984 185,012 88,700 37,135 41.9

2,829,939 1,038,430 779,698 559,763 71.8

7,600,775 1,907,776 1,058,742 654,308 61.8

6,892,515 2,606,559 1,536,794 685,959 44.6

1 Published/Hosted by Aqua Media International. ISSN: 1352-2523.


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24,646 12,891 28,248 52.3/166.9

411,104 123,724 185,310 30.1/75.2

13,371 117 420 0.88/4.0

177,702 4,683 16,118 2.6/11.7

169,585 7,912 24,675 4.7/19.2

140,926 32,818 60,958 23.3/66.5

937,334 182,145 315,729 19.8/53.44

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#2.

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saboloo angariSi

2007 wlis dekemberi

angariSis Tavfurceli

profesionaluri sakonsultacio momsaxureba – teqnikur-ekonomikuri

mizanSewonilobis kvleva da proeqtebi,

eleqtroenergetika – naxSiri – wyali – navTobi da gazi – garemos

dacva

saqarTvelo:energoseqtoris ganviTarebis

garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba

:

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klienti:

msoflio bankis jgufi

1809 G Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 USA

proeqtis

saTauri:

saqarTvelo: energosistemis ganviTarebis strategiuli

garemosdacviTi Sefaseba

qveynebi: saqarTvelo

dokumentis

saTauri:

saboloo angariSis proeqti

kontraqtis N: 7142846

kontraqtori:

S.p.s samxreT aRmosavleT evropis konsultantebi.Makenzijeva 53 11000 belgradi

serbeTis respublika

myidvelis N: 60685 msoflio bankis

proeqtis

menejeri:b-n. biorn hamso (Bjorn Hamso)

msoflio bankis

energetikis

konsultanti

b-n. stratos tavularesi (Stratos Tavoulareas)

proeqtis

menejeri:q-n. dragana orliki) (Dragana Orlic)

gamoSvebis

TariRi

14 dekemberi, 2007 w.

:

d

mniSvnelovani SeniSvna

es angariSi exeba strategiul garemosdacviT Sefasebas saqarTvelos

energoseqtorSi. angariSi momzadda S.p.s. samxreT aRmosavleT evropis

konsultantebis (SEEC) mier, msoflio bankis kontraqtis farglebSi:

7142846.

Sps SEEC-s, mis direqtors da TanamSromlebs, am xelSekrulebis an

kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze, ar gaaCniaT da nakisri ar aqvT raime

valdebuleba mesame mxareebis winaSe (maT Soris, magram ara mxolod,

kanonis moTxovnilebebidan gamomdinare), da pasuxs ar ageben araviTari

zaralis, zianis an xarjebis gamo, sulerTia ra saxis iqneba is,

romelic SeiZleba ganicados mesame mxarem am angariSSi mocemuli

informaciis gamoyenebis Sedegad. Tu romelime mesame mxare isurvebs

daeyrdnos am angariSs an masSi moyvanil informacias, igi mTlianad

Tavis Tavze iRebs amasTan dakavSirebul risks.

am angariSis momzadebis periodSi gamoyenebuli informacia miRebul iqna

sxvadasxva wyaroebidan, rogorc es aRniSnulia angariSSi. Cveni samuSao

ar moicavda audits, sazogadod miRebuli auditis standartebis

mixedviT. Sesabamisad, Cven ar viRebT pasuxismgeblobas da Tavs ar vdebT

Cvens mier mowodebuli nebismieri informaciis sisworesa da

srulyofilebaze.

__________________________________________________________________ am angariSSi moyvanili monacemebi, ganmartebebi da daskvnebi ar

warmoadgens msoflio bankis, misi romelime oficialuri piris,

TanamSromlisa an konsultantis Sexedulebebs da ar unda iqnas

miRebuli, rogorc msoflio bankis poziciis gamomxatveli. msoflio

banki ar iZleva am angariSSi moyvanil monacemTa sizustis garantias,

maT Soris rodesac es monacemebi exeba ruqebs, ricxvebs da cxrilebs.

:

e

saqarTvelo:energoseqtoris ganviTarebis

strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba

saboloo angariSi

sarCevi

abriviaturebis da akronimebis sia

Semajamebeli informacia

1. Sesavali...................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. kvlevis miznebi da samuSaoTa moculoba........................................................2

2. midgoma da meTodologia .........................................................................................................6

3. mimdinare situacia saqarTveloSi................................................................................. 13

3.1. saqarTvelos bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebi........................................................... 13

3.2. energosistemis mimdinare statusi saqarTveloSi................................30

4. momavali moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze da energiaze .................... 40

4.1. 2005 wlamde ganviTareba ..................................................................................................41

4.2. samomavlo ganviTarebis prognozi........................................................................45

4.3. moxovnilebis prognozi da eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

parametrebi.................................................................................................................................................55

5. eleqtrogeneraciis sistemis ganviTarebis variantebi .............................63

5.1. SerCeuli Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da

xarjTaRricxva.......................................................................................................................................63

5.1.1. potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ranJireba da

winaswari Sefaseba .........................................................................................................................68

5.1.2. potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis

Sefaseba .................................................................................................................................................... 70

5.2. potenciuri hesebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da mSeneblobis

xarjTaRricxva.......................................................................................................................................77

5.2.1. xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguri......................................................................77

5.2.2. faravnis hidrosadguri..........................................................................................108

5.2.3. namaxvanis kaskadis hesebi mdinare rionze.........................................112

5.2.4. dagegmili hesebis teqnikuri da ekonomikuri parametrebis

Sejameba .................................................................................................................................................. 146

5.3. ganaxlebadi energiis potenciali saqarTveloSi...............................148

5.3.1. hidrogeneraciis potenciali...........................................................................152

:

f

5.3.2. qari .............................................................................................................................................158

5.3.3. saqarTvelos geoTermuli resursebi ......................................................161

5.3.4. biomasis resursebi saqarTveloSi ............................................................ 166

5.3.5. mzis energiis resursebi ...................................................................................... 169

5.3.6. ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis winaswari Sefaseba

170

6. generaciis ganviTarebis gegmebi ................................................................................... 176

6.1. dagegmvisas gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi daSvebebi da kriteriumebi

178

6.2. sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba ............................................................... 179

6.3. maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba....................................................................209

6.4. dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba ....................................................................213

7. gadamcemi qselis ganviTarebis gegmebi..................................................................224

8. alternatiuli scenarebis integrirebuli kvleva....................................227

8.1. ganviTarebis alternativebis SerCeva mravalkriteriumiani

ranJirebisaTTvis............................................................................................................................... 228

8.2. mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis kriteriumebis ganmarteba ....231

8.3. mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis Sedegebi................................................. 257

9. daskvnebi ................................................................................................................................................262

10. riskebis Sefaseba ......................................................................................................................... 271

literatura

:

g

abriviaturebis da akronimebis sia

CCGT kombiniebuli ciklis gazis turbina

EIA garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba

GHG saTburis gazi

GEF globaluri garemo saSualeba

GNERC saqarTvelos erovnuli maregulirebeli komisia

HV maRali Zabva (110kv da ufro maRali)

HI hidro instituti

HPP hidrosadguri

FOR iZulebiTi gaTiSvis wili

IP Semowmebis faza

IR Semowmebis angariSi

ISO sistemis damoukidebeli operatori

LOLP datvirTvis albaTobis danakargi (energosistemis saimedoobis

kriteriumi)

LV dabali Zabva (1kv da ufro dabali)

MEP saqarTvelos garemosdacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saminstro

Mil. milioni

MoE saqarTvelos energetikis saministro

MV saSualo Zabva (1kv-ze meti da 110kv-ze naklebi)

m.a.s.l. metri zRvis donidanNPP atomuri sadguri

NPV wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba

O&M saoperacio da saeqspluatacio

SEA strategiuli garemosdaciTi Sefaseba

STG orTqlis turbinis generatori

TL jgufis lideri

ToR samuSaoTa moculoba, teqnikuri davaleba

TPES mTliani pirveladi energiis wyaros moxmareba

TPP Tboeleqtrosadguri

WASP energosistemis ganviTarebis dagegmvis kompiuteruli programa

WB msoflio banki

Lsazomi erTeulebis sia

kg kilogrami

mg miligrami

mm milimetri

sm2 kvadratuli santimetri

m3 kuburi metri

ºC celsiusis temperatura

:

h

gj gigajouli

kvt el kilovati (eleqtroba)

kvt Tbo kilovati (siTbo)

mgvt el megavati (eleqtro)

mgvt Tbo megavati (siTbo)

mgvtsT megavatsaaTi

gvtsT gigavatsaaTi

tvtsT teravatsaaTi

mgvt megavati

:

I

Semajamebeli informacia

saqarTvelo: energoseqtoris ganviTarebis

garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba

arsebuli mdgomareoba da kvlevis miznebi saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, romelic mdebareobs Sav da kaspiis zRvebs Soris da

esazRvreba somxeTs, azerbaijans, TurqeTsa da ruseTs, Seadgens 4.6 milions.

2006 wels mTliani Sida produqtis (mSp) moculoba Seadgenda 5.234 miliard

dolars (dafuZnebuli valutis oficialur gacvlis kursze) da 17.88 miliard

dolars (msyidvelobiTi unaris pariteti); mSp erT sul mosaxleze gamodioda

3800 dolari msyidvelobiTi unaris paritetis mixedviT1. 2000 wlidan

dawyebuli, qveyanam inflacia dauqvemdebara kontrols (10% 2006 wels) da

miaRwia dadebiT ekonomikur zrdas, romelic imave wels (2006w.) gautolda

8%-s.

saqarTvelos energo seqtori damokidebulia importrebul navTobsa da

bunebriv airze; hidroeleqtroenergia warmoadgens erTaderT sakmao odenobis

adgilobriv energo resurss. navTobis mcire raodenoba aRmoCnda samxreT

saqarTveloSi (samgorSi) da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, magram mimdinareobs

Zalian mcire odenobis mopoveba. aseve arsebobs qvanaxSiris maRaroebi

afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasa da quTaisis maxloblad, magram 1976 -

1991 wlebSi warmoeba am maRaroebinda Semcirda daaxloebiT 50%-iT da

Seadgiena 1 milion tona, tyibulis-Saoris (quTaisis maxloblad) qvanaxSiris

maRaroebis Seswavlili moculoba Seadgens 378 milion tonas.

qveyanas aTasobiT mdinare gaaCnia (daaxloebiT 25,000, romelTa umetesoba

25km_ze meti sigrZisaa), romlebic Caedinebian dasavleTiT Sav zRvaSi an

aRmosavleTiT azerbaijanis gavliT kaspiis zRvaSi. Sefasebulia, rom

hidroresursebis sruli potenciali Seadgens 80tvtsT-s, xolo ekonomiurad

xelmisawvdomi potencialia 27tvtsT. dResdReobiT ekonomiurad

xelmisawvdomi hidroresursebis 25% a gamoyenebuli.

saqarTvelos eleqtrogeneraciis dadgmuli simZlavrea daaxloebiT 3,000mgvt,

romelmac 2006 wels gamoimuSava 7.6 miliard kvtsT eleqtroenergia. 80.3%

eleqtroenergia gamomuSavda hidrosadgurebis mier, xolo 19.7% ruseTis

bunebrivi airis meSveobiT, romlis Rirebulebaa $60/1000m3. Tumca 2006 wels

rusuli gazis Rirebuleba gaizarda $110/1000m3 _mde da 2007 wels

$235/1000m3 _mde, riTic igi gazis Rirebulebas dasavleT evropaSi

gauTanabrda. Sesabamisad, fasis gazrdis gamo gazmomaragebis saimedooba kiTxvis

1 The World Factbook/Georgia: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/gg.html

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niSnis qveS dadga da qveynis energostrategiis Camoyalibebisas gazis

momarageba energomomaragebis usafrTxoeba kritikuli elementi gaxda.

dadgmuli hidro simZlavre 2,167mgvt-s warmoadgens. 1990-ian wlebSi misi

wili mTlian energo generaciaSi 50-60%-s Seadgenda. imis Semdeg rac

ganxorcielda farTomasStabiani reabilitaciis programa arsebuli

hidrosadgurebis saeqspluatacio mzadyofna mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

am garemoebaTa da eleqtroenergiaze swrafad mzardi moTxovnilebis gamo,

saqarTvelo misi generaciis gazrdis SesaZleblobebis xelaxal gadafasebas

cdilobs. Catarda hidroenergiis proeqtebis mravali winaswari kvleva,

romlebic moicavdnen faravnis (129mgvt; 440gvtsT), tviSis (100mgvt;

404gvtsT), namaxvanis (250mgvt; 928gvtsT), JoneTis (100mgvt; 346gvsT) da

xudonis (638mgvt; 1,328gvtsT) sadgurebs. amJamadac mimdinareobs garkveuli

kvlevebi (onis kaskadi, mtkvari, zestafoni, diRomi, foniWala). am angariSis

mizania Seafasos energoresursebis alternatiuli programebi, da am Sefasebaze

dayrdnobiT moxdes sxvadasxva energo proeqtebisaTvis prioritetebis miniWeba;

aseve, am angariSis mizans warmoadgens xudonis hidroenergiis proeqtis

garemoze zemoqmedebis winaswari strategiuli Sefaseba, romelze

dayrdnobiTac SeiZleba iqnas miRebuli gadawyvetileba unda gagrZeldes Tu

ara xudonis proeqtis Semdgomi Seswavla da ganxorcieleba.

meTodologia/midgoma

am gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebuli midgoma teqnikuri, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi

da socialuri sakiTxebis integrirebul SefasebaSi mdgomareobs.

energogeneraciis alternatiuli variantebi da ganxorcielebis scenarebi

Sefasebulia ara marto ekonomikur safuZvelze dayrdnobiT, aramed agreTve

garemosdacviTi da socialuri zegavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT. mocemulia yoveli

variantis ZiriTadi upiratesoba da uaryofiTi zegavlena, xolo

gadawyvetilebis miReba ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarTulebis arCevaSi

datovebulia politikis SemmuSavebelTaTvis saqarTveloSi. ufro zustad,

kvleva moicavs Semdeg etapebs:

1. eeleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis Sefaseba dagegmvis periodis (2007-

2021) manZilze.

2. aarsebuli energosistemis mimoxilva, misi mdgomareobis, mosalodneli

saeqspluatacio periodis, eqspluataciis maxasiaTeblebis da ekonomikis

gavaliswinebiT.

3. iim yvela SesaZlo energiis wyaroebis gansazRvra, romelTac momavalSi

SeiZleba wvlili Seitanon saqarTvelos energomomaragebis sistemaSi.

4. TTiToeuli energiis wyaros SemTxvevaSi yvela mniSvnelovani informaciis

identifikacia, rac moicavs resursebis SesaZlo odenobas (energiis

odenobas, romelic SeiZleba iqnas miRebuli), teqnikur maxasiaTeblebs,

fass, garemosdacviT da socialur zegavlenas.

:

III

5. SSerCeviTi analizi, energogenraciis wyaroebis konkurentunarianobis

winaswari Sefasebis mizniT.

6. yvela mizanSewonili kandidatis gaTvaliswinebiT eenergogeneraciis

gazrdis umciresi Rirebulebis gegmis SemuSaveba.

7. eenergogeneraciis gazrdis alternatiuli scenarebis SemuSaveba im

riskebisa da gaurkvevlobebis ganxilvis mizniT, romlebic Tan axlavs

gakeTebul daSvebebsa da gamoyenebul Semaval sawyis monacemebs.

8. ggadamcemi qselis adeqvaturobis mimoxilva

9. garemoze zegavlenisa da socialuri zegavlenis Sefasebis wina

safexuris mimoxilva energogeneraciis gazrdis yoveli ZiriTadi

kandidatis SemTxvevaSi.

10. mravalkriteriumiani meTodologiis gamoyenebiT energogeneraciis

gazrdis alternatiuli scenarebis ranJireba (ICOR - iteraciuli

kompromisuli ranJireba) da im scenarebis identifikacia, romlebic

xasiaTdebian udidesi mTliani amonagebiT Rirebulebasa an arasasurvel

zegavlenebTan mimarTebaSi.

energogeneraciis gazrdis umciresi Rirebulebis gegmebi gansazRvraven

specifikur proeqtebs, romelTac minimumamde dahyavT energosistemis mTliani

Rirebuleba (investiciebis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba (NPV) da aseve

eqspluataciis da sawvavis xarjebi) da akmayofileben eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis prognozs. aseve gansazRvrulia am energogeneraciis proeqtebis

xangrZlioba. energogeneraciis gazrdis dagegmvisaTvis gamoiyeneba

kompiuteruli modeli WASP IV (venis avtomaturi sistemis dagegmva),

romlelic xelmisawvdomia atomuri energetikis saerTaSoriso saagentos

(IAEA) saSualebiT da farTod gamoiyeneba msoflioSi.

mkvlevarTa jgufi2 eyrdnoboda sxvadasxva wyaroebs saWiro informaciis

mosapoveblad. jgufi estumra saqarTvelos da Sexvda dainteresebul pirebs -

saxelmwifo organizaciebs, saiJinro institutebs da arasamTavrobo

organizaciebs, romelTa umetesobam miawoda monacemebi da Tavisi wvlili

Seitana rogorc teqnikuri aspeqtebis, aseve socialuri da garemisdacviT

aspeqtebis ganxilvaSi. aseve, mkvlevarTa jgufi estumra hidrosadgurebis

proeqtebis ganxorcilebisaTvis SemoTavazebul adgilebs. aseve ganxorcielda

arsebuli literaturis mimoxilva da gamoyenebul iqna adre Sesrulebuli

kvlevis Sedegebi.

zemoT moyvanil safexurebad Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebi mocemulia am

angariSSi.

moTxovnilebis prognozi

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis prognozirebis SesamuSaveblad Cveulebriv

gamoiyeneba ori meTodi:

2 South East Europe Consultants, Ltd. (SEEC)

:

IV

zemodan-qveviT meTodi, romelic dafuZnebulia makro-ekonomikis

ganviTarebasa (mag., demografia da mSp erT sul mosaxleze) da

energiis/eleqtroenergiis Sefasebul moxmarebas Soris

damokidebulebaze. energointensivoba iwinaswarmetyveleba mosalodnel

teqnologiur ganviTarebasa da ganxorcielebuli an dagegmili

energoefeqturobis zomebze dayrdnobiT.

qvevidan-zemoT meTodi: seqtorebis detaluri analizi, romelSic

Sefasebulia TiToeuli seqtoris zrda, saWiro eleqtroenergiis

odenoba da eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnaSi maTi Sesabamisi wili.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, gardamaval ekonomikaSi, orive meTods xvdeba

garkveuli siZneleebi. saerToa swrafi cvlilebebis winaswarmetyvelebis

sirTule. magaliTad, rogorc suraTi 1-zea naCvenebi samrewvelo seqtorma

ganicada yvelaze dramatuli cvlileba; misi wili eleqtroenergiis

moxmarebaSi 55-65%-dan 1990 wlamde periodSi daeca 20%-ze ufro dabla

ukanasknel wlebSi. am garemoebaTa gamo, energiaze moTxovnilebis prognozis

gakeTeba rTulia. amave dros, detaluri, qvemodan zeviT prognozis gakeTeba

cdeboda am kvlevis CarCoebs. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom aRmosavleT evropis

qveynebis gardamavali periodis ekonomikis gamocdileba sasargeblo iyo am

mimarTulebiT. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrda bolo

10 weliwadSi ufro prognozirebadi xdeboda.

suraTi 1: seqtorebis wili eleqtroenergiis mTlian moxmarebaSi

mkvlevarTa jgufma ganixila eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis yvela prognozi,

SemuSavebuli energetikis saministros mier, aseve im kvlevebis Sedegebi,

romlebic dafinansebuli iyo iseTi organizaciebis mier rogoricaa aSS

0%10%20%30%

40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura (%)

sxva

mosaxleoba

transporti

soflis

meurneoba

mrewveloba

:

V

saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (USAID)3 4, KFW5da OECD6

da mivida im

daskvnamde, rom gamoyenebuli unda iqnas Semdegi sidideebi:

mosaxleobis eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis zrdis done 0,5% weliwadSi;

realuri mSp-s zrdis tempi 7% weliwadSi.

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis elastiuroba mSp-s zrdasTan

mimarTbaSi 0.45%;

eleqtoenergiaze moTxovnilebis saSualo zrdis tempebi: 3% - 2005-

2020 wlebSi. es asaxavs saSualo wliuri moxmarebis intensivobis

(saboloo momxmareblis efeqturobis gazrda) Semcirebas 3.3%-iT (0.932 toe/$1000-dan 2005w. 0.562 toe/$1000 2021w). energiis intensivoba

axlosaa aRmosavleT evropis iseTi sxva qveynebis ekonomikasTan,

rogoricaa: somxeTi (0.74 toe/$1000), estoneTi (0.75 toe/$1000), litva

(0.63 toe/$1000), Llatvia(0.46 toe/$1000) da balkaneTis qveynebi (0.8-1.2toe/$1000). gadacemisa da ganawilebis danakargebi igulisxmeba, rom 8%-ia 2005-

2014 wlebSi da 6% 2015-2021 wlebSi.

simZlavrisa da generaciis miRebuli prognozebi mocemulia cxrilSi 1.

cxrili 1.bazisuri moTxovnilebis prognozi

maqs. simZlavre min. simZlavre generacia

(mgvt) (mgvt) (gvtsT)2007 1591 368 8167 2008 1640 379 8419 2009 1690 390 8675 2010 1741 402 8937 2011 1795 415 9214 2012 1850 427 9497 2013 1906 440 9784 2014 1965 454 10087 2015 2025 468 10395 2016 2087 482 10713 2017 2151 497 11042 2018 2209 510 11340 2019 2268 524 11642 2020 2330 538 11961 2021 2392 553 12279

3 Energy balance of the power sector of Georgia, Part 1: Analyses and proposals, and Part 2: Balances from 1960 to 2006, USAID, August 31, 2006

4 Natural gas strategy for Georgia, Part 1: Analyses and proposals, and Part 2: Economic and geopolitical context, USAID, May 6, 20065 Natural gas strategy for Georgia, Part 1: Analyses and proposals, and Part 2: Economic and geopolitical context, USAID, May 6, 20066 Regional Power Transmission Extension Plan for Caucasus Countries

:

VI

rogorc yovelTvis, moTxovnilebaze prognozi arasaimedoa, radgan is Zlieraa

damokidebuli qveynis ekonomikur aqtivobaze, mosaxleobis zrdaze,

struqturul cvlilebebze ekonomikaSi da energoefeqturobis zomebis

efeqturad gamoyenebaze. am SesaZlo uzustobebis mxedvelobaSi miRebis mizniT,

kvlevisas gamoyenebuli iqna dabali da maRali eleqtoenergiis scenarebi;

dabal scenarSi eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis nagulisxmevi zrdis done 2.5%-ia,

xolo maRal scenarSi 5%. Tumca arseboben parametrebi (magaliTad,

mosaxleobis zrdis dabali done da mSp-is potenciurad dabali zrdis done),

romlebic SeiZleba miuTiTeben, rom dabali prognozi (2.5%) SeiZleba

sakmarisad dabali ar iyos, magram am parametrebis dabalanseba xdeba energiis

intensivobis nagulisxmevi, SedarebiT dabali doniT. saaTobrivi moTxovnileba

da sezonuri fluqtuaciebi gamoyenebul iqna energogeneraciis gazrdis gegmis

SemuSavebisas.

arsebuli energosistema

saqarTvelos energogeneraciis dadgmuli simZlavre daaxloebiT 3,000mgvt, rac

moicavs 830mgvt gazze momuSave sadgurebs da 2,167mgvt hidrosadgurebs.

suraTi 2-ze naCvenebia arsebuli energosistema da miTiTebulia is adgilebi

(wreebiT), sadac SeiZleba ganTavsdes axali sadgurebi.

:

VII

suraTi 2. saqarTveloSi arsebuli energogeneraciis sistema da potenciuri

momavali sadgurebis ganlagebis adgilebi.

cxrili 2-Si mocemulia Tboeleqrtosadgurebi. TboerTeulebs Tbilsresi #3da #4 cota xnis win CautardaT reabilitacia da mosalodnelia, rom

:

VIII

imuSaveben 2014 wlamde. sxva sadgurebi (mtkvari bloki #9 da enerji-

investi) SedarebiT axalia da mosalodnelia rom imuSaveben 2021 wlamde.

cxrili 2. saqarTveloSi arsebuli Tboeleqtrosadgurebis maxasiaTeblebi

sadguris

dasaxeleba

sadgur

is tipi

dadgmu

li

simZla

vre

mgvt

xelmisa

wvdomi

simZlavr

e mgvt

FOR%

remont

is

dRe/we

li

cvladi

saeqsplu

atacio

xarji

$/mgvtsT

Tbounarian

oba

minimaluri

generaciis

dros

kkal/kvtsT

Tbounarian

oba maqsima-

luri

generaciis

dros

kkal/kvtsT

fiqsireb

uli

saeqspl

uatacio

xarjebi

milioni

$/weli

arsebuli sadgurebi

mtkvari

#9 STG 300 270 10.

0 30 2.55 3017 2244 5.32

Eenerji-

investi* CCGT 150 140 8.0 30 2.93 2048 1756 4.80

reabilitirebuli sadgurebi

Tbilsresi

#3 STG 150 125 10.

0 30 4.40 2867 2538 5.76

Tbilsresi

#4 STG 160 130 10.

0 30 4.40 2867 2530 5.76

Tavdapirvelad mowodebuli informaciiT mimdinareobda energji-

investisaTvis 40mgvt orTqlis turbinis damatebiTi dayeneba; analizis

dasrulebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom 40mgvt orTqlis turbina jer ar

dayenebula. yvela scenari ganixilavs am sadgurs rogorc 150mgvt

simZlavris kombinirebuli ciklis gazturbinas; Sesabamisad, scenarebs

Soris Sedarebaze es sadgurebi gavlenas ver axdenen.

saqarTveloSi aSenebulia daaxloebiT 60 hidroeleqtrosadguri, Tumca maTi

umetesoba patara sadgurebia da Sewyvites muSaoba mravali wlis winaT. muSa

mdgomareobaSi myofi hidrosadgurebi mocemulia cxrilSi 3.

cxrili 3. saqarTveloSi arsebuli hidrosadgurebis maxasiaTeblebi

# hidrosadguri dadgmuli simZlavre

(mgvt)

generacia (gvtsT)

1 enguri HPP 1300 31652 varcixe HPP 184 7643 vardnili HPP 340 4444 Jinvali HPP 130 4405 rioni HPP 48 2796 xrami 2 HPP 110 3017 xrami 1 HPP 112 2228 lajanuri HPP 112 2749 gumaTi HPP 66 23310 zahesi HPP 37 17011 Zevrula HPP 45 130

:

IX

12 Saori HPP 38 11813 xadori HPP 24 13414 sxva 134 455

enguri warmoadgens yvelaze did sadgurs, romelic gamoimuSavebs qveynis

mTliani eleqtroenergiis 44%-s. ukanaskneli 10 wlis manZilze, ganxorcielda

didi hidrosadgurebis umetesi nawilis reabilitacia; reabilitaciis

programis zegavlena mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli am gamokvlevaSi.

dagegmvis periodis manZilze hidrologiis prognozis SemuSavebis mizniT

gamoyenebul iqna istoriuli monacemebi. didi hidrosadgurebidan wylis

gadagdeba saSualod meryeobs -20%-dan +50%-mde. istoriul monacemebze

dayrdnobiT da arsebuli sadgurebis maxasiaTeblebis SefasebiT, SemuSavda

arsebuli hidrosadgurebis saSualo wliuri generaciis prognozi, romelic

moicavs generaciis zrdas ganpirobebul cota xnis winaT Catarebuli

sareabilitacio samuSaoebiT (ixile cxrili 4).

cxrili 4. arsebuli sadgurebis saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba (saSualo

hidrologia)

wlebi

saSualo generacia

(gvtsT) wlebi

saSualo generacia

(gvtsT)2007 6976 2015 7795 2008 7380 2016 7836 2009 7510 2017 7878 2010 7520 2018 7878 2011 7638 2019 7878 2012 7608 2020 7878 2013 7679 2021 7878 2014 7715 2021 7878

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mon

thly

gen

erat

ion

(GW

h)

Aver Dry

suraTi 3. arsebuli hidrosadgurebis Tviuri gamomuSaveba

:

X

rogorc suraTi 3 gviCvenebs, saSualo Tviuri generacia mniSvnelovnad

meryeobs gviani gazafxulidan zamTris sezonamde. maisidan ivlisamde, calke

aRebuli arsebuli hidroresursebi (Tbosadgurebis muSaobis gareSe)

sakmarisze metia saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

dasakmayofileblad. magaliTad, 2008 wlis maisSi, Sefasebulia, rom SesaZlo

hidrogeneracia gadaaWarbebs eleqtroenergiaze mTlian moxmarebas 255.2gvtsT;

SesaZlebelia da umjobesia am eleqtroenergiis eqsporti; sxva SemTxvevaSi

unda moxdes wylis daRvra/gadagdeba. zamTris Tveebis ganmavlobaSi

(gansakuTrebiT seqtembridan martis CaTvliT), moTxovnilebis

dasakmayofilebnlad saWiroa energiis sxva wyaroebidan mowodeba; amJamad, am

periodSi gamoiyeneba bunebriv gazze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadgurebi.

momavali moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro energogeneraciis

variantebi; teqnologiuri, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da socialuri

zegavlenebi.

cxrilSi 5 Tavmoyrilia am kvlevis farglebSi ganxiluli yvela

energogeneraciis variantebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. ufro detaluri

informacia mocemulia am angariSis 5-e nawilSi.

saqarTveloSi ukve arsebobs bbunebriv airze momuSave eleqtrosadgurebi.

saqarTvelos energosistemis zomis gaTvaliswinebiT, simZlavris gazrdisas

yvelaze misaReb erTeulad miCneul iqna 150mgvt dadgmuli simZlavris

kombinirebuli ciklis gazturbina (romelsac gaaCnia gazisa da orTqlis

turbinebi). kombinirebuli ciklis gazoturbina warmoadgens gaumjobesebul

gazis turbinas, ris Sedegadac gazrdilia misi efeqturoba da Semcirebulia

garemos dabinZurebis xarisxi; amJamad gamoiyofa orjer naklebi CO2, vidre

imave zomis qvanaxSiris sadguridan, xolo NOx gamosxiveba SeiZleba

gakontroldes 15-50 ppm farglebSi. agreTve, kombinirebuli ciklis

gazoturbinis SesaZenad da gasaSvebad mxolod 2-3 welia saWiro, rac

mniSvnelovnad naklebia vidre bevri sxva varianti (garda mcire ganaxlebadi

sadgurebisa). misi nakli mdgomareobs SemdegSi: bunebrivi airis maRali fasi

(rogorc wesi dakavSirebulia msoflioSi navTobis fasTan) da bunebrivi airis

erTi an mxolod ramodenime momwodebeli, rac saqarTvelosaTvis

dakavSirebulia energousafrTxoebis sakiTxTan.

qvanaxSirze momuSave eleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba misaRebia

saqarTvelosaTvis da maT unda imuSaon importirebul an adgilobrivad

mopovebul qvanaxSirze. Tumca, maT gaaCniaT mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi mxare

garemoze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT, kerZod: kerZod lokaluri (myari

nawilakebis gamoyofa haerSi, SO2 da NOx) da globaluri (CO2) dabinZureba;

ufro meti teritoriaa saWiro qvanaxSiris gadmosatvirTad da Sesanaxad, aseve

myari narCenebis gasatanad. amis garda, am mizniT saWiro iqneba

infrastruqturis (portebi importirebuli qvanaxSiris misaRebad da rkinigza

misi transportirebisaTvis) Semdgomi ganviTareba. generaciis gazrdis mizniT

optimalurad iqna miCneuli 300mgvt simZlavris qvanaxSirze momuSave

:

XI

eleqtosadguri, romelic daabalansebs damatebiTi simZlavris mcire nazrdze

moTxovnilebas da sargeblis miRebis survils warmoebis gazrdiT gamowveuli

ekonomiisagan (ufro didi sadgurebi).

ganixileba agreTve saqarTveloSi atomuri eleqtrosaduris mSeneblobis

sakiTxi: am variantis mimzidvelobas warmoadgens is, rom didi masStabebis

dros (1,000mgvt-ze meti) man SeiZleba konkurencia gauwios sxva variantebs da

is ar abinZurebs haers. Tumca, atomur proeqts hyavs mowinaaRmdegeni

sazogadoebis dainteresebuli jgufebis saxiT, rac agvianebs mis

ganxorcielebas da moqmedebs uaryofiTad proeqtis ekonomikur mxareze. bevr

qveyanaSi atomuri sadgurebis dizainis, nebarTvebis miRebis da

mSeneblobisaTvis mniSvnelovani droa saWiro (10 wlamde). agreTve sakiTxi

narCenebis movlis Sesaxeb gadauWreli rCeba. da bolos, birTvuli

teqnologiebis movla da gamoyenebuli sawvavis menejmenti, warmoSobs

usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuls sakiTxebs. saqarTvelosaTvis ganxilul iqna

ori atomuri sadguris arseboba: 1600mgvt da 600mgv

:

II

cxrili 5. energogeneraciis kandidatebis teqnikuri, ekonomikuri, garmosdacviTi da socialuri maxasiaTbelebi

energogeneracc

iis varianti

potenciali

(mgvt)

blokis

zoma

(mgvt)

wliuri

gamomuSa

veba

(gvtsT)

kapitaluri

danaxarjebi

( $/kvt)

fiqsirebuli

saeqsplutat

acio xarjebi

(($/kvt-Tve)

cvladi

saeqspluat

acio

xarjebi

( $/mgvtsT

sawvavis

xarjis

CaTvliT)

garemosdacviTi da socialuri zegavlena

sxva (energousafrTxoeba;

proeqtis mzad yofna)

gazze

momuSave

komb. ciklis

gazoturbina

ulimito;

1000-mde

dagegmvis

periodSi

150

maqs.

1091

gvtsT

1042

2.

8

50.6

-N

Ox:

<15

-50

ppm

- C

O2:

400

g.kvt

-gamcivebeli wyali

-gazis mowodeba –

damokidebuleba

ruseTze.

qvanaxSiris

sadguri

ulimito;

1000-mde

dagegmvis

periodSi

300

maqs.

1971

gvtsT

1562

2.

5 23

.7

-saWiro mowa::

0.6ha/mgvt

-mtveri: 5

0-10

0 mg/nm

3

- SO

2: 2

00-1

000 mg/nm

3

- NO

x: 2

00-8

00 mg

/nm

3

- CO

2: 9

00-1

100 g/kvtsT

-nacris gatana: 2

00-3

00,0

00 m3 /w

eli

-gamacivebeli wyali (1

0 m

3 /wm), magram SesZloa

iyos zRvis wyali

- adgilobriv mosaxleobaze potencialuri

uaryofiTi zegavlena, Tu ar iqna miRebuli

swori Tavidan amacilebeli zomebi

-moiTxovs

infrastruqturis

(portebi da rkinigza)

ganviTarebas

atomuri

ulimito;

3000-mde

dagegmvis

periodSi

600/

1600

maqs.

4340

/11

800

gvtsT

2500

/20

005.

05

10.5

/9.8

-g

adawyvetis arqona gamoyenebuli sawvavis

gadasayrelad

- radiaciuli gaJonvis potenciuri riski;

saWiroa evakuaciis gegma

-mniSvnelovani moTxovnileba gamacivebel wyalze

-gamoyenebuli sawvavis

usafrTxoeba

- atomuri sadguris

eqspluatacia moiTxovs

mniSvnelovan treinings

-proeqtis ganxorcielebas

SeiZleba 10 welze meti

dasWirdes

mcire hesebi

P<10mgvt

125

522

3000

0.

9-

minimaluri zegavlena garemoze

-narCenebis

garantirebulad gatanas

:

III

10

<P<5

0mgvt

250

25

99

2700

0.

9 --

pativi unda vceT.

- adgilebze

gamokvlevebisaTvis

saWiroa dro.

qari

3,300

romelTaga

n 120

dagegmvis

periodSi

6x1.

5 27

16

00

1.3

5 -uaryofiTi vizualuri efeqti da xmauri

- frinvelebze zemoqmedeba

-potenciuri zegavlena

qselis stabilurobaze

im SemTxvevaSi

procentuli wili

mTlian

eleqtrogeneraciaSi

didia

geoTermuli

15

<1

118

3500

8.

75

4 - mineralebis arseboba da saSiSi

arakondensirebadi gazebi

biomasa

10

- 61

30

00

7.5

8

(sawvavis

xarjis

gareSe)

- NO

x gamosxiveba da mcire raodenobis mtveri

-biomasebis kargi menejmenti gazrdis

gamosayenebeli miwis sidides

faravnis

hesi

120

120

0.9

- derivaciis tipis sadguri, romelic zegavlenas

axdens mcire farTobze da ar aqvs rezervuari

-zegavlenas ar axdevs nargavebsa da faunaze

namaxvanis

hesi

450

450

0.9

-gavlenis qveS eqceva sasoflo-sameurneo miwis

297 heqtari (1.85ha/mgvt)

- mcire zegavlena hidrologiis reJimze

- rezervuari gaauaresebs wylis xarisxs

- ar eqneba zegavlena nargavebze

- mcire zegavlena Tevzebis nairsaxeobaze

- unda gasaxldes 279 ojaxi

- turizmis ganviTareba

-gamodgeba gaTbobis

mizniTac

xudonis

hidrosadgur

i

638

638

0.9

gavlenis qveS eqceva 478ha, ZiriTadad ara

sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

- mcire zegavlena hidrologiis reJimze

- rezervuari gaauaresebs wylis xarisxs

- zegavlenas ar moaxdens mcenareebze

- mcire zegavlena Tevzebis nairsaxeobaze

dadebiTi zegavlena

enguris hidrosadgursa

da rezervuarze, rac

moicavs:

-danaleqebis warmoSobis

ufro neli procesi

:

IV

-unda gasaxldes 1,500 ojaxi

- aSendeba gza

-turizmis ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels

- wylis ukeTesi xarisxi

-eleqtroenergiis

gamomuSavebis gazrda

:

V

ganaxlebadi energia7: saqarTvelo dajildoebulia mniSvnelovani odenobis

ganaxlebadi resursebiT. mcire simZlavris hidrosadgurebis (TiToeuli

10mgvt-ze naklebi) potenciali Sefasebulia 125mgvt-iT, maSin roca sxva

250mgvt simZlavre SesaZlebelia dadges 10-50mgvt sadgurebis saxiT. qaris

energiis potenciali Sefasebulia 3,300mgvt-is tolad, xolo gamomuSavebuli

energia 83tvtsT/weli; aqedan 120mgvt simZlavre SesaZlebelia rom mwyobrSi

Cadges am gegmis ganxorcielebis periodSi. Sefasebulia, rom ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis wili saqarTvelos energo balansSi 2015 wels mosalodnelia iyos

8%. amaSi qaris da im hidro proeqtebis wili, romelTa simZlavre naklebia

10mgvt-ze 3.5 %-is tolia. 2021 wlisaTvis am wilis sididem SeiZleba

miaRwios 15%, romelSic qaris da im hidro proeqtebis wili, romelTa

simZlavre naklebia 10mgvt-ze 7% toli iqneba. aseve xelmisawvdomi iqneba

geoTermuli energia, magram SedarebiT dabali temperaturis gamo is ufro

gaTbobisaTvis gamodgeba, vidre eleqtroenergiis gamosamuSaveblad; SefasebiT

daaxloebiT 15mgvt geoTermuli simZlavre SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli

eleqtroenergiis gamosamusSaveblad dagegmvis periodis ganmavlobaSi. biomasis

resursebi Sefasebulia 350,000tona/weli, magram ar arsebobs adeqvaturi

informacia misi mizanSewonilebisa da konkurentunarianobis Sesaxeb. da

bolos, SesaZlebelia eleqtroenergiis miReba mzis sxivebidan, magram es gza

naklebad konkurentunariania foto elementebis teqnologiis maRali fasis

gamo. mniSvnelovani dabrkoleba ganaxlebadi wyaroebis danergvisas iqneba

adgilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikis winaswari Seswavlis ararseboba.

ganaxlebadi energia (didi hidrosadgurebis gamoklebiT) xasiaTdeba yvelaze

mcire zegavleniT garemoze; maT ar gaCniaT romelime tipis mniSvnelovani

gamonabolqvi da gaaCniaT unari Secvlon wiaRiseul sawvavze momuSave

energogeneraciia, rac Seamcirebs warmoSobili CO2 raodenobas. Tumca, maT

gaaCniaT garkveuli zemoqmedeba da saWiroa adeqvaturi zomebis miReba maT

minimumamde dasayvanad. magaliTad, qaris energoeneracias SesaZloa hqondes

uaryofiTi vizualuri da xmovani efeqtebi da SesaZloa zegavlena moaxdinos

frinvelebis migraciaze. geoTermuli siTxeebi SeiZleba Seicavdnen gogirds,

mineralebs, saSiS arakondensirebad gazebs da CO2 gamosxivebas, magram maTi

7wyaroebi:

Strategic Assessment of the Potential for Renewable Energy in the EBRD Countries of Operation (COO), Stage 1., Black & Veatch Corporation, 2003. - Blue Energy for A Green Europe, Strategic study for the development of Small Hydro Power in the European Union, 2002. – Capacity building to assess technology needs modalities to asquire and absorb them, evaluate and host projects, National Agency on Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection, 2002 – Strategic/Sectoral Social and Environmental Assessment of Power Development Options in the Nile Equatorial Lakes Region, SNC Lavalin Internation, 2007 – Generation Investment Study for SEE region, EC and World Bank, 2005 – Small HPPs in Serbia, IFC, 2005 - Georgia- Wind Atlas, 2004 - G.Buachidze, O. Vardigorelli, N.Tsertsvadze. Country Update from Georgia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, Tokyo, 2000. - A Strategic Plan for the Development of European Geothermal Sector. Blue Book on Geothermal Resources, European Communities, 1999.

:

VI

kontroli SesaZlebelia sadguris Sesabamisi dizainis xarjze. aseve, saWiroa

rom biomasis resursebis dagroveba da mopoveba xdebodes saTanado wesiT.

didi hidroeleqtrosadgurebi: saqarTveloSi didi hidroeleqtrosadgurebis

arsebobis mniSvnelovani potenciali arsebobs. rogoc yvelaze imedis momcemi

xuTi didi hidrosadguri gamoikveTa: xudoni, faravani, tviSi, namaxvani da

Joneti. am sadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia cxrilSi 6 xolo

suraTze 4 naCvenebia maTi Tviuri generacia.

cxrili 6. kandidati hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

Tviuri generacia (gvtsT)

Tve xudoni faravani tviSi namaxvani JoneTi

1 96 26 13 30 9 2 66 26 40 93 29 3 74 25 40 93 29 4 103 32 52 118 36 5 171 60 39 89 28 6 180 59 39 89 28 7 180 59 39 89 28 8 112 51 33 74 23 9 103 26 29 64 20 10 59 27 25 56 17 11 85 24 24 55 17 12 99 25 22 49 15

sruli

generacia 1328 440 395 897 276 dadgmuli

simZlavre

(mgvt) 638 120 100 250 100 investiciis

odenoba

(milioni $) 603.8 112.9 145.6 321.6 173.0 mSeneblobis

periodi

(weli) 5 3 4 5 4

:

VII

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Months

Mon

thly

gen

erat

ion

(GW

h)

Khudoni Cascada Namakhvani

suraTi 4. hidroeleqtrosadgurebis kandidatebis Tviuri generacia

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguri

xudoni warmoadgens enguris kaskadis sistemis nawils, romlis nawili

(saqarTvelos udidesi hidrosadguris enguris CaTvliT) aSenda 1980-ian

wlebSi (ix. suraTi 5). mdinare enguris kaskadis sistema amJamad moicavs 5

hidrosadgurs: enguri (1300mgvt), vardnili I (220mgvt), vardnili II

(40mgvt), vardnili III (40mgvt), vardnili IV (40mgvt); Tumca aRsaniSnavia,

rom bolo sami sadguri ar muSaobs (datborilia saeqspluatacio samuSaoebis

naklebobisa da 1990ian wlebSi afxazeTis konfliqtis gamo). mdinare enguri

saTaves iRebs da moedineba mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze, Sesabamisad ar

dgeba wylis saerTaSoriso gamoyenebis sakiTxi.

mdinaris mTliani vardna daaxloebiT 2600m, wylis auzis farTobi 4063km2 da

mTliani sigrZe 221km. wylis auzis saSualo grZelvadiani Camonadeni

daaxloebiT 5.35 milioni m3, wliuri hidroenergiis potenciali Sefasebulia

21 miliard kvtsT (5.5 miliardi kvtsT ukve realizirebulia).

xudonis kaSxlis da hidrosadguris mSenebloba daiwyo 1979 wels viwro

kanionSi damreci napirebiT, daaxloebiT 34 km-iT xemoT enguris TaRovani

kaSxlidan (ix suraTi 5). proeqti moicavs Tarovan kaSxals, saderivacio

gvirabs, dabali donis wylis gamSvebebsa da 500kv gadamcem xazs. Tumca

mSenebloba Sewyda 1989 wels rogorc politikuri movlenebis gamo, aseve

garkveuli garemosdacviTi aspeqtebisa da seismurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Semdgom Catarda kvlevebi garemoze zemoqmedebis, ekologiuri, mosaxleobis

:

VIII

gasaxlebis da seismuri aspeqtebis Sesaxeb, romlis Sedegad proeqtis dizaini

Seicvala 1992 wels Semdegnairad:

gaTvlebi miwisZvrisadmi medegobaze gaizarda 8 balidan 9 balamde

rixteris SkaliT.

kaSxlis simaRle Semcirda 200m-dan 170.5-mde.

rezervuaris zedapiri Semcirda 5.2-dan 4.0km2-mde.

datbovis areali Semcirda 528-dan 406 heqtaramde.

rezervuaris moculoba Semcirda 364.5-dan 230 milion m3-mde.

generaciis simZlavre Semcirda 700-dan 638mgvt-mde.

SefasebiTi wliuri gamomuSaveba Semcirda 1660gvtsT-dan 1328gvtsT-mde.

suraTi 5. mdinare engurze hidrosadgurebis kaskadebis sistema xudonis

CaTvliT.

xudonis rezervuaris zegavlena mikroklimatis cvlilebaze SezRuduli iqneba

mcire zoliT, daaxloebiT 1km daSorebaze wylidan. am areSi cvlilebebi

ZiriTadad dadebiTi xasiaTis iqneba, rac gamoixateba haeris temperaturis

eqstremaluri oscilaciebis SemcirebaSi. daaxloebiT miwis 406 heqtari

(arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis) miTvisebuli iqneba proeqtis mier, Tu

is ganxorcieldeba zemoT aRwerili proeqtis mixedviT.

mosalodnelia, rom rezervuars eqneba gamoxatuli stratifikacia (frudis ricxvi (Fr), stratifikaciis indikatori naklebia 0.1-ze). xudonis

rezervuarisTvis wylis mimocvla tolia 18 (4125 milion m3/230 milioni m3),

rac imas niSnavs rom mTeli wyali mimoicvleba 18-jer wlis ganmavlobaSi anu

sxvanairad wylis minocvlis saSualo periodi aris 20 dRe. es parametrebi

miuTiTeben imaze, rom wylis cvlis finalur stadiaze (roca biocenosi

stabiluri xdeba da moxdeba biomasis ganawilebis dabalanseba rezevuaris

kveTis gaswvriv), rezervuarSi wylis xarisxi oligotropiul doneze iqneba, an

uares SemTxvevaSi, mezotropiul doneze, rac damokidebulia Sesabamisi

:

IX

farTobis gamoyenebasa da dacvis xerxebze da raTqmaunda rezervuaris

menejmentze.

rezervuarSi wylis mdgomareoba xelsayreli ineba iseTi Tevzebis jiSisaTvis,

romlebsac aqvT maRali moTxovnileba Jangbadze (kalmaxis tipis jiSebi –

sxvadasxva saxis kalmaxi, wvera, karCxali da sxva). kavkasiis

biomravalferovnebis arsebuli monacemebiT xudonis rezervuaris dacul

farTobze an ufro did farTobze ar aris gadaSenebis saSiSroebis qveS myofi

mcenareebis jiSebi. aseTi didi mdinare bunebrivad warmoadgens SezRudvas

cxovelTa gadaadgilebaSi, ris safuZvelzec SegviZlia vivaraudoT rom

rzervuaris avseba ar Secvlis da damatebiT dabrkolebas ar Seqmnis cxovelTa

gadaadgilebaSi. saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis

saministros momzadebuli siis Tanaxmad, im teritoriaze, romelsac moicavs

xudonis rezervuari xudonis kaSxalis CaTvliT, ar mdebareoben bunebrivi

nakrZalebi, nacionaluri parkebi da sanadiro nakrZalebi. da bolos,

rezervuarisaTvis saSiSi ar aris seismuroba. zemo svaneTis arqiteqturuli

Zeglebs, romlebic 1996 wlidan Sesulia UNESCO-s msoflio dacul

teritoriebSi, xudonis rezervuaris mxridan ar emuqreba safrTxe, ragan maTi

mdebareoba ufro maRalia rezervuaris doneze.

mosalodnelia, rom xudonis rezrvuari datboravs 6 dasaxlbul punqts:

xaiSi, zemo xaiSi, qveda xaiSi, luxi, wvirminda da Tobaris soflebi. saWiro

gaxdeba 264 ojaxis, rac daaxloebiT Seadgens 1000 adamians (1990 wlis

monacemebiT, exlandeli SefasebiT 1500) sxva teritoriaze gadasaxleba.

arsebobs garkveuli istoriuli monumentebi, romelTa Soris potenciurad

xvdeba Zveli sasaflaoc, da romelTa gadatana iqneba saWiro. am gadatanis

operaciis saboloo adgilmdebareoba da dro unda SeTanxmdes Sesabamis

samTavrobo organoebTan, religiur uflebamosil pirebTan da macxovreblebTan.

radgan xudonis rezervuari ganTavsebuli iqneba enguris rezervuarze maRla

mas eqneba dadebiTi zegavlena enguris rezrvuarze. kerZod:

rezervuari naklebad aivseba SlamiT, gansakuTrebiT ki didi zomebis

fragmentebiT. 90-iani wlebidan dagrovili danaleqi (Sefasebuli

danaleqis done kaSxlidan zemoT 50m-ze) Zalian mniSvnelovania. es

mniSvnelovani xelsayreli aspeqtia engurisaTvis.

wylis ukeTesi xarisxi, radganac zeda rezervuari (xudoni) imoqmedebs

rogorc damleqi;

naklebad iqneba saWiro wylis daRvra wyaldidobis/Tovlis dnobis

pikSi;

energogeneracis gazrda engurze; radganac ar gakeTebula Sesabamisi

Sefaseba es sargebeli ar Sesula kvlevis ekonomikur analizSi.

sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier gakeTebuli winaswari SefasebiT

eneqtroenergiis generacia engurze unda gaizardos 0.3tvtsT

weliwadSi. es albaT maqsimumia, magram generirebuli eleqtroenergiis

raRac zrdas mainc eqneba adgilia.

:

X

faravnis hidrosadguri

faravnis hidroeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba ganixileba mdinare faravanze,

romlis mTliani sigrZea 66km, 960m vardniT, saSualo daxriloba 13%,

2278km2 wylis rezervuaris farTobi da saSualo simaRle 2130m. wyali

mdinares miewodeba Tovlisgan, wvimebisagan da miwisqveSa wylebisagan.

faravnis hidrosadguri ganlagebulia mdinaris bolo nawilSi da gaaCnia

yvelaze didi daxra mdinaris sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT. saSualo wliuri

Camodinebaa 16.7m3/wm da vardna 400m. es garemoeba, mTavar gzasTan siaxlovis

faqtorTan erTad axdens umniSvnelovanes dadebiTi zegavlenas mis teqnikur da

ekonomikur maxasiaTeblebze. mosalodnelia, rom faravnis sadguris dadgmuli

simZlavre iqneba 120mgvt, 440gvtsT saSualo wliuri gamomuSavebiT. sadguris

saTavo ansambli aerTianebs mcire simaRlis betonis kaSxals, wylis Ria

mimRebs da saleqars. zeda auzis fskeri zRvis donidan aris 1534m. proeqtis

danarCeni teqniluri parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi 7.

cxrili 7. faravnis kaSxlisa da hidroproeqtis ZiriTadi parametrebi

parametri erTeulifaravnis hesi

zeda auzis Ziri m.zRv. don. 1525bunebrivi wylis wliuri xarji m3/wm 16,7 hesis wylis SefasebiTi xarji m3/wm 39,0 turbinis tipi kaplani

blokebis ricxvi 3 hesis maqsimaluri statikuri wneva m 395,0 SefasebiTi wneva m 364,0 dadgmuli simZlavre mgvt 122,92 eleqtroenergiis saSualo wliuri

gamomuSavebagvtsT 440,00

faravnis hesi warmoadgens derivaciis tipis sadgurs. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

rom sadguri akmayofilebs moTxovnilebas wylis nakadis garantirebuli

minimumis Sesaxeb mSrali sezonis ganmavlobaSi, hesTan dakavSirebuli sxva

mniSvnelovani sakiTxi aRar warmoiSveba. mdinaresa da faravnis tbaSi ar aris

daculi an iSviaTi Tevzis jiSebi. Tu arsebobs romelime Tevzis jiSi,

romelic migrirebs tbidan dabla, kaSxlis dizaini ise unda iyos gakeTebuli,

rom darwmunebuli viyoT, rom Tevzebze zegavlenas ar moaxdens. naleqi,

romelic daileqeba Slamis SemkrebSi mosalodnelia, rom iqneba kargi xarisxis

da SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas samSeneblo masalad. es qmnis proeqtis dadebiT

efeqts.

namaxvanis hidrosadguris kaskadi mdinare rionze

:

XI

namaxvanis kaskadi moicavs sam hidrosadgurs - tviSi, namaxvani, JoneTi –

ganlagebuls mdinare rionze, dasavleT saqarTvelos udides mdinareze. wylis

mTliani farTobia 13418km2, xolo mdinaris sruli sigrZra 327km. saSualo

wliuri wylis xarjia 127m3/wm an 4.9 milioni m3. mdinare rionze ukve

aSenebulia 8 didi hidrosadguri: lajanuri (namaxvanis kaskadis zemoT),

gumaTi I da II, rioni da varcixe I,II,III da IV.

namaxvanis kaskadis ZiriTadi parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.

mikroklimatis cvlileba namaxvanis kaskadis midamoebSi mosalodnelia rom

minimaluri iqneba. tenianoba SedarebiT maRalia, rac dadebiT zegavlenas axdens

florasa da biologiuri saxeebis mravalferovnebaze am adgilas. rezervuari

da mdinaris napirebi moaxdenen zegavlnas saerTo farTze, romelic moicavs

sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis 296.94 heqtarisa, romelTagan 27.06ha

saTibebia, 152.50ha saZovrebi, 32.90ha baRebi, 29.93ha venaxebi, 51.60ha kerZo

fermebi da 2.95ha Cais plantaciebi.

cxrili 8. namaxvanis hidro kaskadis ZiriTadi parametrebi

parametri zomis

erTeuli

tviSis

hesi

namaxvanis

hesi

JoneTi

hesi

wyalgamyofi km2 3220 3425 3520 hidrometeorologiuri

monitoringis periodi wlebi 55 55 55

wylis wliuri nakadimilioni

m3 4860 4910 4980

wylis dinebis zomis

maxasiaTeblebi:

a) mravalwliani saSualo m3/wm 154 156 158 b) maqsimumi 0.01%

momaragebiT m3/wm 3630 3700 3700

rezervuaris parametrebi: a) wylis normaluri

done m. zRvis

donidan 360 310 232

b) wylis zedapiri

farTobikm2 0.74 4.9 1.25

g)wylis donis daweva m 3 12 6

d)sruli moculobamilioni

m3 13.1 156 12.5

e) sasargeblo moculobaMmilioni

m3 1.8 52.0 6.0

regulirebis tipi - SezRuduli

dRiurisezonuri dRiuri

wylis dawneva maqsimuni m 36.8 83.6 32.0 b) normaluri m 33.3 75.5 27.0

:

XII

g) minimumi m 30.0 64.5 24.4 wylis normaluri nakadi m3/wm 336 366 416 hesis simZlavre a) dadgmuli mgvt 2x50 = 100 2x125 = 250 2x50 = 100b) garantirebuli mgvt 9 26.3 6 saSualo wliuri

gamomuSaveba GgvtsT

395 897 276 muSaobis xangrZlioba

(mravalwliani) saSualo

dadgmul simZlavreze

weliwadSi

saaTebi 4035 3712 3460

aseTi didi mdinare ukve bunebrivi sazRvaria cxovelTa gadaadgilebisas;

rezervuaris avsebam ar unda gamoiwvios cvlileba cxovelTa gadaadgilebaSi.

im teritoriaze, romelic daitboreba ar aris daculi an iSviaTi jiSebi.

lamazi landSafti da turistuli marSrutebis arseboba, agreTve is faqti,

rom namaxvanis kaskadis sistema mdebareobs SedarebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul

arealSi, did raionul centrTan axlos (quTaisi), qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis da rekreaciuli zonis Sesaqmnelad. rekreaciuli

da turistuli nagebobebis mTeli kompleqsi SeiZleba Seiqmnas rezervuaris

maxloblad.

ar aris mosalodneli, rom wylis xarisxi gauaresdeba namaxvanis kaskadebis

sistemis rezervuarebis Seqmnis gamo. tviSis da JoneTis rezervuarebSi,

Termul stratifikacias ar eqneba adgili (Termuli stratifikaciis fraudis

ricxvi 1.0-ze didia). wyali icvleba daaxloebiT dReSi erTxel, rac

amtkicems, rom wylis xarisxis parametrebi igive iqneba, rac rezervuaris

zemoT mdinareSi. namaxvanis rezervuarSi mosalodnelia Termuli

stratifikacia, magram is ar iqneba didi (0.1<Fr<1 – mcire stratifikacia), da aseTi stratifikacia mniSvnelovnad ver Secvlis wylis xarisxis parametrebs.

wyali icvleba daaxloebiT 12 dReSi, rac agreTve miuTitebs, rom wylis

xarisxi ar gauaresdeba.

epidemiologiur zonaSi malariis gavrcelebis faqtorebis analizma aCvena, rom

mSeneblobiT gamowveuli malariis SemTxvevebis raodenobis gazrda ar unda

iyos ugulebelyofili. rekomendirebulia Semdegi kvlevis Catareba da

Semarbilebeli RonisZiebaTa Catareba.

namaxvanis kaskadis adgilas damaxasiaTebeli regionaluri teqtonikuri

Tvisebebis mimoxilvam da analizma gviCvena, rom kaskadis sistema ar gaxdeba

mizezi seismurobis gamowvevisa.

namaxvanis hesis kaskadis mSenebloba (wyaltubos raionis inventarizaciis

biuros informaciis Tanaxmad) zegavlenas moaxdens 202 fermaze wyaltubosa

:

XIII

da cageris raionebSi, da 436 adamianze. istoriis, arqeologiis da

eTnografiis institutebma miuTiTes 27 Zeglze, romelTa Seswavlaa saWiro.

kandidati proeqtebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da zegavlena.

ZiriTadi teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis garda, winaswari Seswavlis safuZvelze

Sefasda sxvadasxva kandidati proeqtis garemosdacviTi da socialuri

zegavlena.

garemosdaciTi kriteriumi moicavs sxvadasxva hidrosadgurebis garemoze

zemoqmedebas CO2 gamosxivebis gareSe, rac TavisTavad warmoadgens kriteriums.

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi (ENV) miRebulia Semdegi

zegavlenebis analizis safuZvelze (gansazRvrulia rogorc qvekritetiumebi):

E1 sistemis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi farTobi (rezervuari da sadguri)

E2 klimatze zemoqmedeba

E3 haerSi gamonabolqvze zemoqmedeba

E4 hidrologiur reJimze zemoqmedeba

E5 wylis xarisxze zemoqmedeba

E6 mcenareebze zemoqmedeba

E7 faunaze zemoqmedeba

E8 landSaftze zemoqmedeba

E9 energiis wyaroebis ganaxlebadoba

yoveli es kriteriumi me-5 TavSi mocemul mimoxilvaSi calcalkea

gansazRvruli xudonhesis, namaxvanis kaskadis hesis, faravnis hesis, bunebriv

airze momuSave Tbosadgurebisavis, qvanaxSirze momuSave

TboeleqtrosadgurebisaTvis, ganaxlebadi sadgurebisaTvis – mini da mcire

hidrosadgurebisaTvis da qaris sadgurebisaTvis. kriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi

Sejamebulia TiToeuli eleqtrosadguris sistemisaTvis, xolo Semdeg

ganviTarebis TiToeuli alternativisaTvis, masSi Semavali eleqtrosadgurebis

gaTvalswinebiT (cxrili 12).

socialuri zegavlenis kriteriumebi (SOC) moicaven sxvadasxva sadgurebis

zegavlenas sazogadoebaze (mosaxleoba, kultura da istoria). zemoTmoyvanili

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumebis analogiurad, socialuri zegavlenis

kriteriumebi fasdeba 5-e TavSi mocemuli analizis safuZvelze da jgufis

wevrebis - eqspertebis codniT. eleqtrosadgrebis (hesebi, bunebriv airsa da

qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebi) da damatebiTi proeqtebis yvelaze

mniSvnelovan zegavlenebs gaukeTdaT analizi am kriteriumSi Semavali Semdegi

qvekriteriumebis Seswavlis gziT:

S1 mosaxleobis gadasaxlebaze zegavlena

S2 soflis meurneobis warmadobaze zegavlena

S3 transportis infrastruqturaze zegavlena

S4 rekreaciisa da turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba

S5 adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze zegavlena

:

XIV

midgoma igivea, rac garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumis dadgenisas. TiToeuli

es kriteriumi calcalkea gansazRvruli xudonhesis, namaxvanis kaskadis hesis,

faravnis hesis, bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebis, qvanaxSirze momuSave

Tboeleqtrosadgurebis, ganaxlebadi sadgurebis – mini da mcire

hidrosadgurebis da qaris sadgurebis SemTxvevebSi.

kandidati proeqtebis maxasiaTeblebis Semajamebeli informacia mocemulia

cxrilSi 9.

:

XV

cxrili 9. kandidati proeqtebis Semajameeli maxasiaTeblebi

gazi

150mgvt

importireb

uli

qvanaxSiri

300mgvt

xudon

hesi

namaxvanis

kaskadi

faravnis

hesi

mcire

hesebi

10mgvt-ze

naklebi

patara

hesebi

10-

50mgvt

qaris

sadgurebi

sadguris

simZlavre

(mgvt)

150 300 638 450 123 5 25 9

saSualo

generacia

(gvtsT)

1328 1678 440 22 99 27

kapitaluri

danaxarjebi

(mil. dolari)

150 428 604 641 113 15 67.5 14.4

kapitaluri

danaxarjebi

(dol/kvt)

1042 1562 947 1424 919 3000 2700 1600

mSeneblobis

periodi

(weli)

3 4 5 4/5/4 3 2 3 2

SesaZlo

gaSvebis weli2011 2011 2013 2013 2013 2011 2011 2011

zegavlenis

farTobi

umniSvnel

o

mcired

uaryofiTi

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mniSvnelovn

ad

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

oumniSvnelo umniSvnelo

zegavlena

klimatze

mcired

uaryofi

Ti

mcired

uaryofiTiumniSvnel

oumniSvnelo

umniSvnel


zegavlena

haerSi

gamonabolqvze

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mniSvnelovn

ad

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

oumniSvnelo

umniSvnel


hidrologiur

reJimze

zegavlena

umniSvnel

oumniSvnelo

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mcired

uaryofiTiumniSvnel

o

mcired

uaryofiTiumniSvnelo

wylis

xarisxze

zegavlena

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mniSvnelovn

ad

uaryofiTi

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mcired

uaryofiTiumniSvnel


mcenareebze

zegavlena

mcired

uaryofi

Ti

mcired

uaryofiTiumniSvnel

oumniSvnelo

umniSvnel

o

umniSvnelo umniSvnelo

faunaze

zegavlena

mcired

uaryofi

Ti

mcired

uaryofiTi

mcired

uaryofiT

i

mcired

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o

umniSvnelomniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

landSaftze

zegavlena

umniSvnel

o

mniSvnelovn

ad

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o

umniSvnelo umniSvnel

o

umniSvnelomcired

uaryofiTi

energowyar.

ganaxlebadobaara ara diax

diax diax diax diax

mosaxleobis

gasaxlebaze

zegavlena

umniSvne

lo

umniSvnelo mniSvnelo

vnad

uaryofiT

i

mcired

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o


soflis

meurneobaze

zegavlena

umniSvnel

o

mcired

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o

mcired

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o


:

XVI

satransporto

infrastruqtu

raze

zegavlena

umniSvne

lo

umniSvnelo

mcired

dadebiTi


o


rekriaciasa da

turizmze

zegavlena

umniSvnel

o

mniSvnelovn

ad

uaryofiTi

mcired

dadebiTi

mniSvnelovn

ad

dadebiTi

umniSvnel

o

umniSvnelomcired

uaryofiTi

mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze

zegavlena

umniSvnel

o

mcired

uaryofiTi

umniSvnel

o


o


Tbogeneraciis variantebis gadarCeva

Tboeleqtrogeneraciis variantebis gadarCeva (bunebriv airze momuSave

kombinirebuli ciklis gazoturbina, importirebuli da adgilobrivi

qvanaxSiri, atomuri) moxda maTi ekonomikurobi winaswari Seswavlis

safuZvelze, raTa gamoricxuliyo ekonomikurad cxadad miuRebeli variantebi.

6-e naxazze mocemulia am variantebisTvis warmoebis Rirebuleba rogorc

sadguris simZlavris faqtoris funqcia.

suraTi 6. Tbogeneraciis variantebis gadarCeva

simZlavris faqtorebis didi mniSvnelobisaTvis yvelaze konkurentunarian

variants warmoadgenen importirebuli qvanaxSiri da 1600mgvt atomuri

sadguri. Tumca, saqarTveloSi simZlavris maRali faqtori

TbosadgurebisaTvis, imis gaTvaliswinebiT rom eleqtroenergiis mniSvnelovani

saqarTvelos Tbosadgurebis kandidatebi

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100sadguris simZlavris faqtori (%)

wliuri xarji ($/kvt-weli)

importirebuli naxSiro 300mgvt

adgilobrivi naxSiro 300mgvt

atomuri – 600mgvt

atomuri – 1600mgvt

komb. cikli – 150mgvt

:

XVII

nawili gamomuSavdeba hidrosadgureis mier, SeiZleba miRweul iqnas mxolod

eleqtroenergiis mniSvnelovani eqsportis xarjze. es SeiZleba ekonomikurad

gamarTlebli iyos grZel periodSi, uaxloes momavalSi ki eqsportis

SesaZlebloba SezRudulia saWiro gadamcemi sistemis infrastruqturis

naklebobisa da funqcionarebadi regionaluri energetikuli bazris

ararsebobis gamo. meore gansaxilveli sakiTxi, dakavSirebuli 1600mgvt

simZlavris atomur sadgurTan mdgomareobs mis potencialSi zegavlena

moaxdinos sistemis stabilurobaze da saimedoobaze. Tu aseTi sadguri

aSendeba, is daaxloebiT iqneba saqarTvelos mTliani dadgmuli simZlavris

35%. aseTi mZlavri erTeulis mwyobridan gamosvlisas, dairRveva

energosistemis stabiluroba. am mizeziT 1600mgvt atomuri sadguris

variantis ganxilva gamoiricxa Semdgom kvlevebSi. 600mgvt atomuri sadguris

variantic aseve gamoiricxa radganac is konkurentunariani ar aris mTeli

simZlavris faqtoris intervalSi (ix.naxazi 6).

importirebuli da adgilobrivi qvanaxSiris variantebis SedarebiT gamoCnda,

rom es orive varianti msgavsia, importirebul qvanaxSirs gaaCnia cota

upiratesoba ekonomikis TvalsazrisiT (ix. suraTi 6). garemoze zemoqmedebis

TavlsazrisiT, importirebul qvanaxSirs kvlav gaCnia cota upiratesoba,

radgan igi Cveulebriv Seicavs nakleb gogirds, nacars da mtvris minarevs;

agreTve, adilobriv qvanaxSirs gaaCnia uaryofiTi zegavlena mopovebisa da

transportirebis TvalsazrisiT. am mizezebisa da imis gamo, rom adgilobrivi

qvanaxSiris resursebi SezRudulia, gadawyda rom Semdgom analizSi ganxiluli

iqneboda mxolod importirebuli qvanaxSiris varianti (umciresi Rirebulebis

gegma da socialur-ekonomikuri kvleva). Tu adgilobrivi qvanaxSiris

Rirebuleba konkurentunariani gaxdeba importirebul naxSirTan mimarTebaSi,

eleqtrosadguris maxasiaTeblebi amiT mniSvnelovnad ar Seicvleba; Sesabamisad,

importirebuli qvanaxSiris ganxilvisas unda vigulisxmoT adgilobrivi

qvanaxSiris gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac. amgvarad, Tbosadgurebis variantebis

gadarCevis analizi gviCvenebs, rom bunebriv airze momuSave kombinirebuli

ciklis gazoturbina da importirebul qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebi

warmoadgens im or variants, romelTa Semdgomi detaluri ganxilva saWiroa.

energogeneraciis gazrdis dagegmva

umciresi Rirebulebis ganviTarebis gegma SemuSavebul iqna sxvadasxva

scenarebis SemTxvevaSi. pirveli sabazo SemuSavebuli scenari asaxavda yvelaze

savaraudo daSvebebs da energiaze moTxovnilebis prognozs. SemuSavebuli iqna

am scenaris ori variacia, erTi eleqtroenergiis SezRuduli importis

SemTxvevaSi, xolo meoreSi daSvebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis ufro meti

importi. am TavSi mocemulia energogeneraciis gazrdis dagegmvis Sedegebi,

rogorc sabazo, aseve alternatiuli scenarebis SemTxvevebSi.

:

XVIII

umciresi Rirebulebis ganviTarebis gegma SezRuduli importis SemTxvevaSi

(sabaziso varianti)

upirveles yovlisa SemuSavda sabaziso scenari, romlis Tanaxmad

eleqtroenergiis importi moTxovnilebis dasabalanseblad dasaSvebia 2010

wlamde. 2010 wlis Semdeg, adgilobrivi eleqtroenergia sakmarisia

moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad (amJamad ar arsebobs grZelvadiani aseTi

savaWro xelSekrulebebi mezobel qveynebTan). es aris yvelaze eqstremaluri

scenari.

am scenarSi gakeTebuli sxva daSvebebi moicavs:

bunebriv airze momuSave axali Tbosadgurebi mwyobrSi unda Cadges 2011

wels an mogvianebiT

bunebrivi airi xelmisawvdomi iqneba dRevandel fasSi da saWiro ar

iqneba damatebiTi milgayvanilobis aSeneba Tbosadgurebis

gazmomaragebisaTvis.

yvelaze pirveli axali hidrosadgurebi mwyobrSi unda Cadges 2013

wels

sabazo scenaris ZiriTadi Sedegebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos sWirdeba 1684mgvt damatebiTi generaciis

simZlavre;

o 576mgvt axali Tbosadgurebidan, da

o 1108mgvt axali hidrosadgurebidan

umciresi Rirebulebi energoganviTarebis gegmebis damatebiTi daSvebebi:

dagegmvis periodia 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan 2021 wlis 31 dekembramde;

bunebrivi airis mowodeba SesaZlebeli iqneba ruseTidan fasiT $230/1000m3;ukrainis qvanaxSiris importi SesaZlebeli iqneba $56/tona fasad. ar igulisxmeva

investiciebi infrastuqturaze, rogoricaa porti da rkinigza:

yvela fasi dadgenilia 2007 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis da ar moicavs inflacias;

analizi Catarda dolarebSi, laris gacvlis kursis 1$=1.67lari gamoyenebiT;

gamoyenebulia koeficienti 0.752 dolarsa da evros Soris.

nagulisxmevia 10% realuri diskontorebis zoma, diskontireba moxdenilia 2007

wlis 1 ianvriT.

generaciis sistemis gafarToebis gegmebi SemuSavebuli iqna sistemis saimedoobis

donis da eleqtromomaragebis gaTvaliswinebiT. armiwodebuli simZlavris an

datvirTvis dakargvis albaTobis misaReb donis mniSvnelobad CaTvlilia 1 dRe

weliwadSi. es qmnis sarezervo zRvrebs saboloo ganviTarebis gegmebSi;

am kvlevaSi 0.57$/kvtsT (Tbosadgurebze 10-jer ufro Zviri tarifi) iqna

gamoyenebuli rogorc miuwodebeli energiis tarifi.

eleqtoenergiis saqarTvelos farglebs gareT eqsportis saSualo fasad aRebulia

35 $/mgvtsT; igive tarifia aRebuli importis SemTxvevaSi.

:

XIX

dagegmilia eleqtroenergiis importi 30mgvt/4gvtsT – 2009 wels da

60mgvt/12gvtsT -2010 wels

energosistemis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba (NPV) (axal sadgurebze

investiciebis, eqspluataciis miuwodebli energiis Rirebulebis

CaTvliT) 2007-2021 wlebSi aris $2,109 milioni8.

Tumca, wvimiani sezonis dros ver xdeba Warbi eleqtroenergiis

gamoyeneba. Tu moxdeba Warbi eleqtroenergiis eqsporti, potenciuri

Semosavlebis sidide iqneboda $245 milioni $35/mgvtsT tarifis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

umciresi Rirebulebis ganviTarebis gegma ganaxlebadi wyaroebisaTvis

(alternatiuli ganaxlebadi wyaroebi)

sabaziso scenaris alternatiul variantad ganixileba ganaxlebadi wyaroebi,

gansakuTrebiT mcire hidro da qaris sadgurebis proeqtebi. cxrilSi 10

mocemulia specifikuri proeqtebi, romelTa mTliani simZlavrea 495mgvt, da

romlebic Setanil iqnan energogeneraciis gazrdis programaSi.

cxrili 10. energogeneraciis gegma ganaxlebadi wyaroebiT (2011-2015)

ganaxlebadi wyaroebi mcire 10mgvt-mde

hesebi

mcire hesebi

10-50mgvt qaris sadgurebi

proeqtebis raodenoba

mocemul periodSi 10 5 1

mTliani simZlavre

mocemul periodSi 50 mgvt 125 mgvt 45 mgvt

proeqtebis ricxvi

weliwadSi 2 1 6 erTeuli

simZlavris nazrdi

weliwadSi 10 mgvt 25 mgvt 9 mgvt

sadguris SefasebiTi

faqtori 50 %h 45 % 35 %

kapitaluri danaxajebi 3000 $/kvt 2700 $/ kvt 1600 $/ kvt

meore faza: 2015-2021 wlebi

ganaxlebadi wyaroebi mcire 10mgvt-mde

hesebi

mcire hesebi

10-50mgvt qaris sadgurebi

proeqtebis raodenoba

mocemul periodSi 15 5 2

mTliani simZlavre

mocemul periodSi 75 mgvt 125 mgvt 75 mgvt

proeqtebis ricxvi

weliwadSi 3 1 10 erTeuli

simZlavris nazrdi

weliwadSi 15 mgvt 25 mgvt 15 mgvt

sadguris SefasebiTi

faqtori 50 % 45 % 35 %

kapitaluri danaxajebi 3000 $/kvt 2700 $/kvt 1600 $/kvt

8aRsaniSnavia, rom es aris xarjis NPV; ar moicavs xarjebis da Semosavlebis nakadebs

rogorc es sxva tipis analizebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.

:

XX

wina scenaris msgavsi sxva daSvebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvlevis ZiriTadi

Sedegebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

saqarTvelos 2021 wlisaTvis sWirdeba 1542mgvt generaciis axali

simZlavreebi;

o 576mgvt axali Tbosadgurebisagan;

o 495mgvt ganaxlebadi wyaroebisagan; da

o 470mgvt axali hidrosadgurebisagan (faravani, tviSi da

namaxvani).

dagegmilia eleqtroenergiis importi 30mgvt/4gvtsT 2009 wels da

60mgvt/12gvsT 2010 wels.

energosistemis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba (NPV) (axal sadgurebSi

Cadebuli investiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saeqspluatacio xarjebiT da

miuwodebeli energiis safasuris CaTvliT) 2007-2021 wlebSi aris

$2,224 milioni. es $115 milioniT metia sabazo scenarTan SedarebiT.

wina scenaris analogiurad, wvimiani sezonis dros ver xdeba Warbi

eleqtroenergiis gamoyeneba. Tu moxdeba Warbi eleqtroenergiis

eqsporti, potenciuri Semosavlebis sidide alternatiul scenarSi

iqneboda $274 milioni, $35/mgvtsT tarifis gaTvaliswinebiT. es aris

damatebiTi mtkicebuleba alternatiuli scenaris sasargeblod

(alternativa 2), romelic meti eleqtroenergis gayidvis saSualebas

iZleva.

umciresi Rirebulebis ganviTarebis gegma importis SemTxvevaSi (alternativa 2

- importis varianti)

am scenarSi eleqtroenergiis importi daSvebulia mTeli wlis manZilze.

wvimian sezonze (gazafxuli/zafxuli), roca saqarTvelos gaaCnia Warbi

eleqtroenergia, gakeTebulia daSveba, rom arsebobs am eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnileba mezobel qveynebSi. mSral sezonze (zamTari), igulisxmeba rom

mezobel qveynebs gaaCniaT Warbi eleqtroenergia, rom miawodon saqarTvelos.

importi da eqsportic xorcieldeba tarifiT $35/mgvtsT.

sxva daSvebebi:

gadamcemi xazebis gaZliereba, rac ukve dagegmilia, SesaZleblobas

Seqmnis ganxorcieldes 500mgvt simZlavris importi da eqsporti. es

warmoadgenda kvlevis jgufis daskvnas, romelic gakeTda gadamcemi

xazebis dagegmili gaZlierebis gegmis detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg.

ar aris daSvebuli axali bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebis

mSenebloba

igulisxmeba, rom bunebrivi airi sakmarisia arsebuli

TbosadgurebisaTvis.

yvelaze pirveli axali hidrosadguri SeiZleba aSendes 2013 wels.

2-e alternatiuli scenaris Sedegebi Semdegia:

:

XXI

dagegmvis periodSi (2021 wlamde) 1,208mgvt generaciis axali

simZlavreebia saWiro (1,684mgvt simZlavresTan SedarebiT sabazo

scenarSi);

o samive wamoyenebuli hidrosadguri arCeul iqna umciresi

danaxarjebis gegmaSi: xudoni, faravani da namaxvani (tviSis da

JoneTis CaTvliT); da

o eleqtroenergiis saWiro importi: 30mgvt/197gvtsT 2009

wels, romelic gaizrdeba 500mgvt/2,231gvtsT-mde 2021 wels;

es namdvilad Seesabameba gadamcemi sistemis parametrebs da misi

gaZliereba saWiro ar aris.

eleqtroenergiis eqsportisagan miRebuli Semosavali Sefasebulia $163 milionad.

energo sistemis NPV (eqsportidan miRebuli Semosavlis gareSe) aris

$1,734milioni.

am scenars gaaCnia $375 milioniT ufro dabali NPV, vidre sabazo scenars, da $490 milioniT ufro dabali vidre ganaxlebadi wyaroebis I alternativas;

magram amave dros eqsportis potencialuri Semosavali Sesabamisad $82 milioniT da $111 milioniT naklebia 2-e alternatiuli scenarisaTvis (tarifi

$35/mgvtsT). 2-e alternatiuli scenari naklebad efuZneba importirebul

bunebriv airs.

sxva ganviTarebis alternativebi

imisaTvis, rom Sefasebuliyo daSvebuli aracalsaxobebis zegavlena, agreTve

sxva SesaZlo variantebi, romelTac SesaZloa miscemodaT upiratesoba

ganxilul scenarebTan SedarebiT, SemuSavebul iqna agreTve Semdegi

alternativebi:

importirebuli bunebrivi airis scenari (alternativa 3), romlis

Tanaxmad unda aSendes mxolo bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebi; ar

unda aSendes hidrosadgurebi;

xudonis hesi (alternativa 5); hidroproeqtebidan igegmeba mxolod

namaxvanis mSenebloba; danarCeni saWiro simZlavre miRebuli unda iqnas

axali gazze momuSave Tboleleqtrosadgurebidan.

importirebuli qvanaxSiri (alternativa 6) unda iqnas gamoyenebuli

yvela axal naxSirze momuSave TboeleqtrosadgurebSi, romlebic

aucilebelia eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad.

maRali fasebi bunebriv airze (alternativa 7); yvela Semavali

parametric (garda bunebrivi airis fasisa) igivea rac sabaziso scenarSi.

dabali fasebi bunebriv airze (alternativa 8); yvela Semavali

parametric (garda bunebrivi airis fasisa) igivea rac sabaziso scenarSi.

eleqtroenergiaze maRali moTxovna eleqtroenergiis importis gareSe

(sabazo HDF); yvela Semavali parametri (garda eleqtroenergiaze

maRali moTxovnisa) igivea rac sabazo scenarSi.

:

XXII

eleqtroenergiaze maRali moTxovna eleqtroenergiis importiT

(alternativa 2 HDF); yvela Semavali parametri (garda

eleqtroenergiaze maRali moTxovnisa) igivea rac alternativa 2-Si.

eleqtroenergiaze dabali moTxovna eleqtroenergiis importis gareSe

(sabazo LDF); yvela Semavali parametri (garda eleqtroenergiaze

dabali moTxovnisa) igivea rac sabazo scenarSi.

eleqtroenergiaze dabali moTxovna eleqtroenergiis importiT

(alternativa 2 LDF); yvela Semavali parametri (garda

eleqtroenergiaze dabali moTxovnisa) igivea rac alternativa 2-Si.

cxrilSi 11 Sejamebulia mgrZnobiarobis analizis Sedegebi. am analizis

mTavari daskvnebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad:

Tu davuSvebT rom fasebi bunebriv airze darCeba dRevandel doneze da

ar aSendeba axali gazze momuSave sadgurebi, umciresi Rirebulebis

energiis ganviTarebis gegma moicavs samive hidrosadguris mSeneblobas:

xudoni, faravani da namaxvani (tviSis da JoneTis CaTvliT).

hidrosadgurebi aSendeba 2013-2015 wlebSi. am gegmas (alternativa 2 –

importis varianti) minimumamde dahyavs energosistemis NPV da mTliani

NPV eleqtroenergiis exportis Semosavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

scenari, romelsac gaaCnia alternativa 2-s Semdeg yvelaze dabali NPV

aris qvanaxSiris gamoyenebis varianti (alternativa 6 – mxolod

qvanaxSiri). Tumca, infrastruqturisaTvis saWiro investicia

(gansakuTrebiT portebis da potenciuri rkinigzebi) ar Sedis am

SefasebaSi. aseve ar Sefasebula garemoze zemoqmedeba, romelic gakeTda

qvemoT ganxiluli mraval-kriteriumiani analizis dros.

minimaluri investiis mqone alternativaa – alternativa 3 (mxolod

gazi), romelic efuZneba bunebriv airze momuSave sadgurebs. Tumca, mas

gaaCnia maRali saeqspluatacio xarjebi da maRal riskebTan aris

dakavSirebuli sawvavis fasisa da energo usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT.

faravnis hidrosadguris proeqti aris yvelaze efeqturi sxva

hidrosadgurebTan SedarebiT da amitom unda ganxorcieldes pirveli.

495mgvt simZlavris ganaxlebadi wyaroebis proeqtebis ganxorcieleba

2021 wlisaTvis ganapirobebs xarjebis NPV-is $86 milioniT gazrdas

(($1950 milioni nacvlad sabazo scenaris $1864 milionisa), romelSic

Sesulia eleqtroenergiis eqsportis Rirebuleba.

bunebriv airze fasebis cvlileba mniSvnelovan zegavlenas ver axdens

sadgurebis arCevaze, rogorc es Cans 7-e da 8-e alternativebis

Sedegebidan.

eleqtroenergiaze maRali moTxonilebis scenarSi xudonis sadguri unda

aSendes ufro adre (2015 wels nacvlad 2020 wlisa), vidre sabazo

moTxovnilebis scenarSi. amasTan erTad, Tu strategia gulisxmobs

mezobel qveynebTan eleqtroenergiis gacvlas, eleqtroenrgiaze maRali

moTxovnilebis gamo saWiroa an bunebriv airze momuSave sadgurebis

aSeneba an mezobel qveynebTan SemaerTebeli gadamcemi xazebis

:

XXIII

gamtarianobis gaumjobeseba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos 500mgvt-ze meti

simZlavris gatareba.

dabali moTxovnilebis scenarSi, tviSi da namaxvanis sadgurebis

mSenebloba gadadebulia 2017 wlamde da xudonis mSenebloba arc ki

ganixileba dagegmvis periodSi. alternativa 2-s farglebSi ganviTarebis

gegmaSi Casmulia yvela hidrosadguri, rac gavZlevs yvela xarjis

umcires NPV-s mniSvnelobas.

sazogadod, yvela hidrosadguris mSenebloba, romlebic kvlevaSia mocemuli, yvelaze metad Rirebulia qveynisaTvis ekonomikuri umciresi danaxarjebis TvalsazrisiT. es Rirbuleba kidev ufro izrdeba, roca eleqtroenergiiT vaWroba mezobel qveynebTan realuri xdeba.

:

XXIV

cxrili 11. yvela gaanalizirebuli variantis Semajamebeli informacia

varianti

damatebuli

generaciis

simZlavre

(mgvt)

(2021

wlisaTvis)

energiis

potenciur

i eqsporti

(gvtsT)9

NPV(mil. $)10

investicia

(mil.$)

saeqspluata

cio xarjebi

(mil.$)

potenciuri

eqsportis

Semosavali

(mil.$)

sruli NPV (mil.$)11

arCeuli sadgurebis

mwyobrSi Cadgoma12

bazisuri moTxonileba energiaze (saSualo wliuri nazrdi – 3%)

sabazo –

SezRuduli

importi

1684 13441 2109 436 1673 245 1864CC: 2011, 2015, 2015, 2017, K : 2020 T/N/Z : 2013/2014/ P : 2013

alternativa

1 -

ganaxlebadi

1541 15799 2224 582 1642 274 1950CC: 2011, 2015, 2015, 2020, Renewables: 2011-2020 T/N : 2017/2018/ P : 2013

alternativa

2 - importi 1208 7245 1734 501 1233 163 1571

CC: K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

alternativa

3 – mxolod

gazi

864 10809 2156 261 1895 173 1983

CC: 2011,2013,2015,2015,2017,2021K : T/N/Z : / / P :

alternativa

4 – mxolod

xudonis hesi

1478 13951 2201 492 1709 259 1942CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017,2020K : 2013 T/N/Z : / / P : 2013

alternativa

5 – molod

namaxvanis

kaskadi

1290 13064 2132 458 1674 244 1888CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017,2020K : T/N/Z : 2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

alternativa

6 – mxolod

qvanaxSiri

824 7848 1990 376 1614 173 1817COAL: 2013,2015,2017 K : T/N/Z : / / P :

alternativa

7 – gazze

maRali fasi

($611/1000m3)

1784 18808 3965 653 3312 328 3637CC: 2011,2015,2016,2019 K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2013/2013/2020 P : 2013

alternativa

8 – gazze

dabali fasi

($147/1000m3)

1684 13441 1686 436 1250 245 1441CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017 K : 2020 T/N/Z : 2013/2014/ P : 2013

sabazo HDF SezRuduli

importi

2260 11107 2748 733 2015 212 2536

CC: 2011, 2011,2014,2015, 2016,2018,2019,2020 K : 2015 T/N/Z : 2013/2013/ P : 2013

alternativa

2- HDF - importi

1784 2423 2190 589 1601 64 2126CC: 2016,2017,2020,2021 K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

sabazo LDF SezRuduli

importi

1046 9890 1959 306 1653 199 1760CC: 2011, 2015,2015,2019 K : T/N/Z : 2017/2017/ P : 2013

alternativa

2- LDF - importi

1208 10682 1696 492 1204 213 1483CC: K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2014/2014/2015 P : 2013

9energiis eqsporti – hesebis zedmeti generacia, roelic SeiZleba eqsportirdes 2007-2021 wlebSi.

10xarjebis NPV

11xarjebis NPV gamoklebuli energiis eqsportis NPV

12 CC – komb.ciklis gazis turbina 150mgvt; K-xudoni hesi; T/N/Z – tviSi, namaxvani, JoneTi; P – faravnis hesi; COAL – naxSirze momuSave sadguri 300mgvt.

:

XXV

mravalkriteriumiani analizi

analizis bolo safexuri moicavs mraval kriteriums, rogorc raodenobrivs,

aseve xarisxobrivs da alternatiuli variantebis ranJirebas. yvela aspeqti –

teqnikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da strategiuli – CarTulia kvlevaSi.

yvela im faqtoris detaluri analizia Catarebuli, romlebic moxvda Semdeg

rva mTavar kriteriumSi:

1. energosistemis xarjebis NPV investiciebis CaTvliT, saeqspluatacio

xarjebi da aqtivebis salikvidacio Rirebuleba.

2. energosistemis saeqspluatacio da operirebis xarjebi;

3. eleqtroenergiis eqsportidan Semosavali;

4. klimatis cvlilebis zegavlena (warmoSobili naxSirorjangis

raodenoba);

5. energousafrTxoeba;

6. garemoze zemoqmedeba; da

7. socialuri zegavlena.

garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri kriteriumebi moicaven iseT faqtorebs,

rogoricaa:

mikro-klimatze gavlena

fauna

landSafti

soflis meurneoba

adgilis higienuri mdgomareoba

wylis xarisxi

mosaxleobis gadasaxleba da masTan dakavSirebuli anazRaureba

gzebis mimarTulebis cvlileba da droebiTi gzebis, xidebis da a.S. ageba

istoriuli, kulturuli da bunebrivi Zeglebi

rekreaciuli samuSaoebi

energetikis da komunikaciis infrastruqturis dizainis cvlileba

sanitaruli zomebi

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTeloba

rezervuariT gamowveuli seismuroba, da sxva

zogierTi zemoT moyvanili faqtori atarebs raodenobriv xasiaTs, xolo zogi

ara. araraodenobrivi faqtorebisaTvis, SemuSavebul iqna ganzomilebiTi

intervalebi da detaluri kvleva Catarda im mizniT rom mocemuli sidide

moxvedriliyo am winaswargansazRvrul intervalSi. magaliTad, SemoRebul iqna

socialuri zegavlenis intervali 1-dan 10-mde da yoveli scenarisaTvis

ganisazRvreboda konkretuli mniSvneloba iseTi zegavlenebis detaluri

analizis safuZvelze, rogoricaa im mosaxleobis da ojaxebis raodenoba,

romelTac mouwevT gadasaxleba, sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi da

daculi jiSebis raodenoba, romelTac ganicades zegavlena. cxrilebSi 12 da

13 Sejamebulia sxvadasxva scenarebis Sefasebebi zemoTmoyvanili kriteriumebis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

:

XXVI

cxrili 12. alternatiuli energoganviTarebis scenarebis integrirebuli kvlevis Sejameba

kriteriumi

sabazo

limitirebuli

importi

alternat 1

ganaxlebadi

wyaroebi

alt. 2

importis

SemTxveva

alt. 3

mxolod

gazi

alt. 4

mxolod

xudonhesi

alt. 5

mxolod

namaxvanis

kaskadi

alt. 6

mxolod

qvanaxSiri

NPV (mil. $) 2109 2224 1734 2156 2201 2132 1990

oper. da

eqspl. xarj.

(mil. $)1673 1642 1233 1895 1709 1674 1614

el-energiis

SesaZlo

importidan

Semosavali

(mil. $)

245 274 163 173 259 244 173

CO2 gamoyofa

(1000t)20304 22671 9630 26675 21396 20490 45259

el-energiis

importimcire mcire

Zalian

didimcire mcire mcire mcire

energousafr

Txoebis

ranJireba

1-udablesi

8-umaRlesi

4.2 4.7 8 1 3.7 4.1 3

garemoze

zemoqmedeba

2- udablesi

7- umaRlesi

2.7 3.7 6 7 5.8 4.8 2

socialuri

zegavlena

2- udablesi

6- umaRlesi

3 4 3 6 4 5 2

kargi

dadebiTi

saSualo

cudi

uaryofiTi

:

XXVII

cxrili 13. sxvadasxva scenarebis kriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi

kriteriumebi

NPV oper. eqspl.

xarjebi

eleqtr.

importiCO2

energo

usafrTx.

garem.

zegavl

social

zegavl.

eqsportis

Semosavlebscenari

mil. $ mil. $ - 1000 t - - - mil. $

sabazo 2109 1673 0 20304 4.2 2.7 3 245

Aalt1 2224 1642 0 22671 4.7 3.7 4 274

Aalt2 1734 1233 1 9630 8 6 3 163

Aalt3 2156 1895 0 26675 1 7 6 173

Aalt4 2201 1709 0 21396 3.7 5.8 4 259

Aalt5 2132 1674 0 20490 4.1 4.8 5 243

Aalt6 1990 1614 0 45259 3 2 2 173

yvela zemoTmoyvanil kriteriums miesadaga wonis koeficienti (1-dan 3-mde)

imisda mixedviT, Tu ramednad mniSvnelovania mocemuli kriteriumi.

radganac kriteriumis mniSvnelovnobis xarisxis Sefaseba SeiZleba

subieqturi yofiliyo, TiToeuli kriteriumis mniSvnelobis xarisxSi

cvlilebis (da masasadame koeficientebis cvlilebis) asaxvisaTvis Catarda

mgrZnobiarobis analizi. pirvel da Zalian mniSvelovan ranJirebis

variants warmoadgens SemTxveva, roca yvela kriteriums Tanabari

mniSvneloba aqvs – erTidaigive wona aqvT. aseTi ranJireba aRniSnulia R1simboloTi da Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.31. mogvianebiT, ranJireba

Catarda sxvadasxva woniTi koeficientebisaTvis. zogierTi ranJirebisas

didi mniSvneloba mieniWa ekologiur kriteriums (R2 da R4). specialuri

mniSvneloba mieca agreTve CO2 –is gamoyofas, rogorc saTburis gazs

(ranJirebis procesSi amas hqvia “kiotos varianti”). zogierTi ranJirebisas,

didi mniSvneloba mieniWa fuls (R3 ranJireba). R5 ranJirebisas ufro didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba sistemis energousafrTxoebas, roca gaurkvevlobaa

energosawvavis bazarze, roca garTulebulia bunebrivi airisa da

qvanaxSiris importi da esporti. cxril 14-Si mocemulia scenarebis

ranJirebis sia (marjvena sveti) mocemuli kriteriumis sxvadaxva woniTi

koeficientebis SemTxvevaSi. Ai aRniSnavs scenars - alternativa i;magaliTad, A5 warmoadgens scenars alternativa 5. gamonakliss warmoadgens

sabazo SemTxveva, romelic aRniSnulia simboloTi B.

cxrili 14: sxvadasxva scenarebis mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis Sedegebi

kriteriumis Sewonili koeficientebi

rangi NPV

saop.

da

eqspl.

xarji

eleqt

importiCO2

energo

usafrTx

oeba

garemoz

e

zegavle

na

social

zegavle

na

export

Semosava

li

ranJirebis sia

R1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A5B,A4,A2,A1,A3,A6

R2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 A2,A5,A4 A1,A3,B,A6

R3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 A5,BA4,A2,A1,A6,A3

:

XXVIII

R4 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1,A3,B,A6

R5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1,B,A3,A6

mravalkriteriumiani analizis ZiriTadi daskvnebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

scenarebi, romlebic rangis mixedviT pirvel oTx adgilze imyofebian

Semdegia: sabazo varianti (SezRuduli importi), alternativa 2

(eleqtoenergiis importi; samive hidrosadguri; arcerTi gazze

momuSave Tbosadguri), alternativa 4 (xudonis da faravanis hesebi,

aseve bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebi) da alternativa 6

(namaxvanis da faravanis hesebi, aseve bunebriv airze momuSave

Tbosadgurebi). aalternativa 2-s da alternativa 5-s gaaCniaT

umaRlesi ranJireba am oTxi scenaridan.

yvela SemoTavazebuli hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba 2013-2015 wlebSi

da eleqtroenergiis yidva/gayidvis gazrda mezobel qveynebTan

(alternativa 2) yvelaze kargi variantia ekonomikuri da CO2

TvalsazrisiT. agreTve, importirebuli gazis raodenoba sxva

scenarebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT mcirea alternativa 2-is

SemTxvevaSi; Sesabamisad sistemis energousafrTxoeba gazrdilia,

magram didia damokidebuleba eleqtorenergiiT vaWrobaze.

Tu eleqtroenergiiT vaWrobas adgili ar aqvs, yvelaze didi qulebi

eqneba alternativa 5-s.

xudonhesis mSenebloba (alternativa 4) ranJirebis sistemaSi ufro

dabla dgas vidre alternativa 5, ZiriTadad ekonomikuri da CO2 kriteriumebis gamo.

alternativa 3-is (gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi da arcerTi

hidrosadguri) da alternativa 6-is scenarebis (yvela axali

sadguri naxSirze momuSavea) ranJireba yvelaze dabalia.

ganaxlebadi resursebis gamoyenebis Sesabamis adeqvatur doneze

darwmunebiT Sefaseba SeuZlebelia informaciis naklebobis gamo;

saWiroa adgilebze Catardes winaswari kvleva da ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis ufro detaluri ganxilva. alternatiuli scenarebis,

romelic moicavs mcire hesebs da qaris sadgurebs (44mgvt

weliwadSi 2015 wlamde periodSi da 55mgvt weliwdSi 2015-2021

wlebSi) ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa samTavrobo daxmareba. aseve,

naxulisxmev donemde ganaxlebadi variantebis ganxorcieleba mxolod

gadaswevs didi hidrosadgurebis proeqtebis saWiroebas.

daskvnebi

am kvlevaSi Catarebuli mravalkriteriumiani analizi migviTiTebs, rom didi

hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba (xudoni, faravani da namaxvani (tviSisa da

JoneTis CaTvliT) mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvis. aSendeba 2 hisdrosadguri

Tu 3 hidrosadguri – es damokidebulia qveynis survilze damokidebuli iyos

Tu ara nawilobriv misi energogeneracia importirebul gazze

:

XXIX

(energousafrTxoebis gaTvaliswinebiT) an gazardos eleqtroenergiiT vaWroba

mezobel qveynebTan. eleqtroenergiiT sezonuri vaWroba zrdis hidroenergiis

ekonomikur mimzidvelobas da Sedegad unda Seamciros eleqtroenergiis

Rirebuleba. winaswar kvlevaze dayrdnobiT, gadacemis sistemis dagegmili

gafarToeba (ix. qvemoT) adeqvaturi Cans gansaxilvel periodSi dagegmili

vaWrobisaTvis. Tumca, rekomendirebulia Catardes qveynis Sida da mezobel

qveynebTan damakavSirebeli gadamcemi xazebis ufro detaluri gamokvleva.

Box: saqarTvelos energo sistema dakavSirebulia ruseTTan 500 kv “kavkasionis” xaziT da 220kv “salxinos” xaziT, TurqeTTan 220kv xaziT “aWara”, somxeTTan – 220kv xaziT

“alaverdi” da azerbaijanTan – 330kv xaziT “gardabani”.

saqarTvelos gadamcemi sistemis regionaluri urTierTkavSiri

momavali ganviTareba isaxeba or fazad:

faza 1. saqarTvelosa da somxeTis dakavSireba 500/400kv xaziT, minimaluri simZlavriT

350mgvt (2010 wlamde)

faza 2. saqarTvelo/ruseTis 500kv xazis dakavSireba TurqeTis sistemasTan borCkas

400kv qvesadgurTan, simZlavre 500mgvt; meore 500kv gadamcemi xazis mSenebloba

engursa da gardabans Soris (2015 wlamde)

“SeniSvna” Tu angariSs Sav-TeTrad uyurebT, yuradReba miaqcieT, rom dagegmili 400kv xazi gadis

qsanis samxreTiT, razdanis samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT, da axalcixis samxreT-

dasavleTiT. sxva wertilovani xazebi warmoadgens 500kv xazebs.

:

XXX

calkeuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb: faravani hesis proeqti yvelaze efeqturi proeqtia

Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT sxva hidrosadgurebis proeqtebTan SedarebiT da unda

ganxorcieldes upirveles yovlisa (gegmis mixedviT unda amuSavdes 2013 wels).

saerTo Sefaseba miuTiTebs, rom namaxvanis proeqti meorea rangiT, xolo mesameze

modis xudoni.

Tu moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze meti iqneba vidre es prognozirebulia

(sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozi), saWiro gaxdeba xudonis proeqtis ufro adre

ganxorcieleba (2015 wels 2020-is nacvlad). aseve, gazrdili moTxovnebis

dasakmayofileblad saWiro iqneba axali bunebriv airze momuSave sadgurebi an

mezobel qveynebTan damakavSirebeli gadamcemi xazebis simZlavreebis kidev ufro

gazrda, raTa gamtarisunarianoba gaxdes 500mgvt-ze meti.

eleqtroenergiaze dabali moTxovnilebis scenarSi, tviSis da namaxvanis hesebis

proeqtebis ganxorcieleba unda gadaidos 2017 wlamde, xolo xudonis proeqti ar

unda ganxorcieldes ganxilul dagegmvis periodSi.

kvlevis procesSi, warmoiSva mravali rekomendacia damatebiTi mokvlevisa da

monacemTa Segrovebis mimarTulebiT:

ganaxlebadi wyaroebis proeqtebi, gansakuTrebiT mcire hidrosadgurebis

proeqtebi, iolad ganxorcielebadi unda iyos, radgan maT gaaCniaT

minimaluri gavlena garemoze da saWiroeben nakleb investiciebs. Tumca

saWiroa kvlevebis Catareba adgilze da am proeqtebis ufro detaluri

Seswavla, proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetilebis

miRebamde.

saWiroa regionaluri kvlevis Catareba, raTa ufro detalurad iqnas

gamokvleuli rogorc eleqtroenergiaze regionaluri moTxovnileba da

miwodebis SesaZleblobani, aseve gadacemis sistemebis adeqvatiuroba

eleqtroenergiis gazrdili vaWrobis SemTxvevaSi, rac sasargeblo iqneba

regionisaTvis.

SemoTavazebuli proeqtebi didia da moiTxovs mniSvnelovan teqnikuri da finansuri

resursebis mobilizacias, raTa ganxorcieleba moxdes drois SedarebiT mokle

periodSi es warmoadgens saqarTvelos energetikis ganviTarebis programis did

amocanas.

:

1

1. Sesavali

msoflio banki wamoiwyo es kvleva saTauriT: “saqarTvelo: energoseqtoris

ganviTarebis strategiuli garemosdacviTi kvleva” da moiwvia samxreT-aRmosavleT

evropis sakonsultacio organizacia (SEEC) gamokvlevis Casatareblad. kontraqti

gaformda 2007 wlis dasawyisSi.

kvleva organizebuli iyo Semdegi amocanebis mixedviT, romlebiT Sevidnen

davalebis pirobebSi:

o amocana 1: eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis prognozi

o amocana 2: eleqtroenergiis warmoeba arsebul sadgurebze

o amocana 3: energiis gadacema

o amocana 4: energiis gamomuSaveba axal sadgurebze

o amocana 5: energiis importi da eqsporti

o amocana 6: umciresi Rirebulebis energogeneraciis gazrdis gegmis SemuSaveba

o amocana 7: garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri zegavlenis kvlevis

winaswari etapis mimoxilva

o amocana 8: scenarebis morgeba kvlevis SedegebTan (ESI Findings) o amocana 9: riskebis Sefaseba

konsultants esmis, rom es analizi unda Catardes intergirebuli saxiT da

mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi, socialuri da

strategiuli aspeqtebi.

strategiuli garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba warmoadgens instruments, romelic

xels uwyobs energoseqtoris ganviTarebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas. aseTma

kvlevam saSualeba unda misces xelisuflebas da dainteresebul mxareebs Seafason

TiToeuli generaciis variantis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da SeimuSaon

strategia rogorc umciresi Rirebulebis generaciis gazrdis gegmis

gaTvaliswinebiT (mkacrad ekonomikaze damyarebuli), aseve garemoze zemoqmedebis da

socialuri zegavlenis mxedvelobaSi miRebis safuZvelze. am droisaTvis,

xelisuflebas aqvs kerZo interesi - Catarebul iqnas garemoze zemoqmedebis

strategiuli kvleva, raTa gairkves wamoyenebuli xudonis hidroporeqti

(winaswari xarjTaRricxva, garemoze da socialuri zemoqmedebis aspeqtebi,

wamodgenili sxva kvlevidan) Tavsdeba Tu ara energogeneraciis gazrdis gegmaSi,

raTa gamoiyos resursebi sruli gamokvlevis Casatareblad da garemosdacviTi da

socialuri aspeqtebis Sesafaseblad.

garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Seswavlis dokumenti aRwers im samuSaoebs,

romelic iqna gaweuli saqarTvelos energosistemis generaciisaTvis, moicavs im,

garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri aspeqtebis kvlevas da maTi wonebis

ganawilebas, romelic Tan axlavs axali sadgurebis mSeneblobas. am sadgurebis

:

2

mSenebloba unda iyos umciresi Rirebulebis generaciis gazrdis gegmis nawili.

energiis Senaxvisa da moTxovnilebis marTvis zomebi agreTve mniSvnelovan gavlenas

axdenen mTlian energomoTxovnilobaze. upirveles yovlisa, mTavari mizania

energogeneraciaSi investiciebis detaluri prioritetebis siis dadgena (da

Sesabamisi eleqtroinfrastruqtura) ganviTrebis periodis Semdgomi 15 wlis

manZilze. umciresi Rirebulebis generaciis gazrdis gegmis SemuSavebis analizis

paralelurad, konsultantma Caatara generaciis gazrdis sxvadasxva scenarebis

garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri zegavlenebis rTuli mimoxilva. es

mimoxilva da Catarebuli kvleva warmoadgenda safuZvels didi hidrosadgurebis

zogadi ranJirebisaTvis (xudonis CaTvliT) da generaciis sxva kandidatebi iqna

wamoyenebuli generaciis gazrdis scenarebis farglebSi.

Sesabamisi monacemTa bazis SemuSavebis procesSi, romelic Seicavs saqarTvelos

energosistemis da misi ganviTarebis variantebis Sesaxeb yvela saWiro Semaval

monacems, konsultanti agrovebda

mniSvnelovan informacias da

mniSvnelovani wamoWrili sakiTxebis

ganxilvas eweoda Sesabamisi

institutebisa da organizaciebis

wamomadgenlebTan monacemTa

Semgrovebeli misiis saqarTveloSi

yofnis dros 2007 wlis maisSi.

monacemTa Semgrovebeli misiis Semdgom

periodSi, Sesabamisi institutebisa da

organizaciebis wrmomadgenlebma

gaagzavnes damatebiTi monacemebi,

romlebic saWiro iyo dagegmvis

analizisaTvis. Tumca, am proeqtis sawyisi fazis ganmavlobaSi, konsultantma ver

SeZlo moepovebina yvela sasurveli Semavali monacemi da am faqtis gamo

konsultantma SeimuSava saTanado winadadebebi ararsebuli monacemebis misaRebi

mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb, mis pirad gamocdilebaze, arsebul monacemebze da

saerTaSoriso literaturaze dayrdnobiT. amasTan erTad, monacemTa Segrovebis

fazaSi mopovebuli monacemebi gaanalizda da gadamowmda, Seecvala formati da

Senaxul iqna sistemis sawyis monacemTa bazaSi, romelic warmoadgens mniSvnelovan

bazas yoveli realuri momavali sistemuri kvlevisaTvis saqarTvelos

energosistemaSi.

1.1. kvlevis miznebi da samuSaoTa moculoba

energoseqtoris ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli SesaZleblobebisa da riskebis

gaTvaliswinebiT konsultantma moamzada saqarTveloSi energosistemis ganviTarebis

garemosdacviTi strategiuri Sefaseba, raTa daedginaT potenciuri investiciebisa

da RonisZiebaTa “upiratesobebi” (“dakavebuli adgilis” azriT) generaciis gazrdis

grZelvadian gegmaSi, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi, socialuri da strategiuli aspeqtebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. am procesSi mTavar sakiTxs warmoadgenda xudonis hidrosadguris

wamoyenebuli proeqtis upiratesobis gansazRvra sxva proeqtebTan mimarTebaSi. sxvadasxva

reportSi konsultanti warmoadgens

sabazo teqnilur-ekoomikur monacemebs,

mimoixilavs da ikvlevs didi

hidrosadgurebis, naxSirsa da gazze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis da ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis garemosdacviT da socialur

aspeqtebs. aseve mohyavs Sedegebi

generaciis sistemis umciresi

Rirebulebis gegmebis da sxvadasxva

alternativebis ranJirebis Sesaxeb

saerTo ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da

socialuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

:

3

qvemoTmoyvanil daSvebebis gaTvaliwinebiT kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa momavali generaciis

simZlavreebis mwyobrSi Cadgomis potenciuri dro, zoma da mdebareoba Semdgomi 15 wlis

(2007-2021) ganmavlobaSi; amave dros Sefasda Tu ramdenad Seesabameba generaciaSi

sainvesticio programis moTxovnebs gadacemis sistemis gafarToebis arsebuli gegmebi.

kvleva agreTve asaxavs garemosdacviT da socialuri aspeqtebis kumulatiur zegavlenas

energogeneraciis simZlavris gazrdisaTvis saWiro mTlian axal investiciebze 2021 wlis

CaTvliT gansaxorcielebel sxvadaxva scenarebSi, romlebSic ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi

da socialuri aspeqtebi gansazRvraven prioritetebis dadgenis kriteriumebs.

mTavrobam ganaxorciela 2006-2015 periodis eleqtroenergiis miwodebisa da

moTxovnilebis Seswavla. garda amisa, sistemis gafarToebis gegmebi fokusirebas axdenen

gadamcemi qselis ganviTarebaze. im mizniT, rom ekonomiurad gamoeyenebina sakuTari

resursebi, konsultantma CaTvala, rom es samuSaoebi ukve Catarebulia; Tumca, man adre

Catarebuli samuSaoebis Sedegebi gamoiyena misi analizis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis da

daadgina rom es Catarebuli samuSaoebi adeqvaturia da sasargeblo.

strategiuli kvelevis Catareba ganapiroba xudonis hidrosadguris proeqtis

dagegmilma kvlevam. strategiuli klevis detalurobis done, unda yofiliyo

iseTi, rom mas SeZleboda moewodebina saWiro realuri infomacia, romlis

safuZvelze saqarTvelos mTavroba miiRebda gadawyvetilebas gaegrZelebina sxva

sakonsultacio kvlevebi xudonze da gadarCevis fazidan gadasuliyo detalur

kvlevaze da garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis Seswavlaze; aqedan

gamomdinare mieRo saWiro mxardaWera, anu sxvanairad mieRo adawyvetileba

ganexorcielebina xudonis dagegmili proeqti.

aseve mniSvnelovania upiratesobebis ranJireba im didi hidrosadgurebis

SezRuduli raodenobisa, romelTagan TiToeuls SeuZlia gamoimuSaos 400gvtsT an

meti weliwadSi. rogorc es samTavrobo dokumentebSia mocemuli, aseT sadgurebs

warmoadgenen: namaxvani (910gvtsT), faravani (440gvtsT), tviSi (400gvtsT),

romlebic agreTve CarTulia kumulatiuri garemosdacviTi da socialuri

aspeqtebis kvlevaSi, rac saWiroa energomomaragebis sruli portfolios

Sesaqmnelad sxvadasxva scenarebSi.

ori ZiriTadi Sedegi, gamomdinare strategiuli kvlevidan:

generaciis sistemis ganviTarebis umciresi Rirebulebis gegma, romelic

abalansebs prognozirebuli moTxovnilebis mowodebis saimedoobas da

sistemis ekonomikur grZelvadian ganviTarebas: da

ekonomikuri, garmosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT

ganviTarebis sxvadasxva variantebis ganxorcielebis rigobrivi CamonaTvalis

(upiratesobebis) midgomis SemoReba.

es gamokvleva dagegmvis pirvel etapze, romelic aerTianebs eleqtoenergetikis

seqtoris orive mxares - moTxovnilebas da miwodebas, ikvlevs damatebiTi axali

generaciis saWiroebis dones. analizi Seesabameba idealur SemTxvevas, romlis

drosac ar arsebobs SezRudvebi gadacemaSi an sistemis sxva operirebaSi, romlebic

dabrkolebas Seuqmnidnen optimaluri generaciis sistemas moTxovnilebis Sesabamisi

eleqtroenergiis dispeCirebaSi. aseTi umciresi Rirebulebis generaciis sistemis

:

4

sainvesticio gadawyvetilebani damyarebulia sawvavis fasze, operirebisa da

kapitalur danaxarjebze.

meore etapze gamokvlevaSi mocemulia mizanSewonili energosadgurebis mSeneblobiT

gamowveuli garemosdacviTi da socialuri zegavlenebis mimoxilva da Sefaseba;

ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis safuZvelze Sedgenilia

saukeTeso alternativebis (scenarebis) ranJirebis sia.

kvlevis angariSi mocemulia mraval nawilSi da moicavs Semdegs Tavebs:

Tavi 1. Sesavali

am TavSi mocemulia ZiriTadi ideebi da mizezebi, ramac gamoiwvia

kvlevis Catareba da agreTve mocemulia kvlevis analizis ZiriTadi

miznebi.

Tavi 2. midgoma da meTodologia

am TavSi aRwerilia midgoma da analizisaTvis gamoyenebuli

meTodologia, romelsac mivyavarT generaciis gazrdis umciresi

Rirebulebis gegmasTan, romelic damatebiT iqna Sefasebuli

garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis sistemiT.

Tavi 3. dRevandeli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi

es nawili mogvawvdis ZiriTad informacias bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis,

garemosdacviTi da socialuri standartebis arsebuli iuridiuli

bazis da aseve saqarTvelos energosistemis mimdinare statusis

Sesaxeb, misi teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebisa da agreTve arsebuli

Tbosadgurebisa da hidrosadgurebis garemosdacviTi da socialuri

aspeqtebis Sesaxeb.

Tavi 4. eleqtroenergiaze da energiaze momavali moTxovnileba

es Tavi moicavs bolo periodSi eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

cvlilebis kritikul mimoxilvas, aseve ekonomikuri da samrewvelo

ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani indikatorebis cvlilebas da dRevandel

mTlian energomoxmarebas, rogorc baziss eleqtroenergiaze momavali

moTxovnilebis Sesafaseblad.

Tavi 5. energogeneraciis axali variantebi

am TavSi mocemulia Tbo da hidrosadgurebis kandidatebis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTeblebi da Rirebuleba. yoveli gaanalizirebuli kandidati

hesisTvis warmodgenilia teqnikuri gadawyveta detaluri

raodenobebis da sruli sainvesticio xarjebis CaTvliT.

am TavSi agreTve mocemulia kandidati hidro da Tbosadgurebis

Sesaxeb arsebuli dokumentaciis, kvlevebis da informaciis

kritikuli analizi; garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis

TvalsazrisiT gaanalizirebulia alternativebis ganviTareba

:

5

(xudonhesi, faravanhesi, namaxvanis kaskadi, kombinirebuli ciklis

gazoturbina, qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebi).

mocemulia informacia ganaxlebadi wyaroebis potenciur rolze,

rogorc axal energo matareblebze.

Tavi 6. generaciis ganviTarebis alternativebi

am TavSi mocemulia generaciis gazrdis gegmis analizis yvela Sedegi,

romlebic mocemulia cxrilebisa da diagramebis saxiT, saTanado

komentarebTan da daskvnebTan erTad.

Tavi 7. gadamcemi xazebis ganviTarebis gegmebi

am TavSi kritikuladaa ganxiluli cota xnis win dasrulebuli

kvleva gadacemis qselis momavali ganviTarebis gegmis Sesaxeb;

mocemulia am TavSi gaanalizirebuli generaciis ganviTarebis

alterntivebis SemoTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebis komentarebi da

Sefasebebi.

Tavi 8. alternatiuli scenarebis integrirebuli Sefaseba

am TavSi mocemulia im kriteriumebis CamonaTvali, romelic

gamoyenebul iqna ganviTarebis sxvadasxva alternativebis

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebisas, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da

socialuri apeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT. masSi agreTve mocemulia

ranJirebis ZiriTadi Sedegebi Sesabamisi komentarebiTa da daskvnebiT.

Tavi 9. riskebis Sefaseba

am TavSi aRwerilia is riskebi, ramac SeiZleba zegavlena moaxdinos

generaciis momavali ganviTarebis gegmaze; SemoTavazebulia zomebi,

romlebmac unda mogvces cvlilebebis monitoringisa da sxvadasxva

zegavlenis Serbilebis saSualeba.

Tavi 10. daskvnebi

am TavSi mocemulia ZiriTadi daskvnebi.

:

6

2. midgoma da meTodologia

kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare, zogadi midgoma mdgomareobda ori mTavari aspeqtis

ganxilvaSi:

1. saqarTvelos energosistemisaTvis Camoyalibebuliyo generaciis ganviTarebis

umciresi Rirebulebis gegma, romlic moicavda periods - 2007-2021 wlebi.

2. kumulatiuri garemosdacviTi da soacialuri zegavlenebis Sefasebis

SemuSaveba 2021 wlamde energogeneraciaSi gansaxorcielebel axal

investiciebze, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da socialuri upiratesobebis,

rogorc prioritetebis, kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT.

saqarTvelos energosistemis generaciis ganviTarebis umciresi Rirebulebis gegmis

SesamuSaveblad gamoyenebuli es midgoma, umciresi uaryofiTi garemosdacviTi da

socialuri zegavlenebis moTxovniT, aRwerilia garemosdacviT strategiuli

kvlevaSi.

saqarTveloSi

arsebuli

situaciis

mimoxilva

energiaze

moTxovnileba

(moTxovna,

prognozi)

energogeneraciis

variantebi

variantebis

gadarCeva

generaciis ganviTarebis

alternativebis gansazRvra

kumulatiuri zegavlenis

Sefaseba alternatiul

variantebze

riskebis

Sefaseba

saqarTveloSo energo-

ganviTarebis konkretuli

alternativebi

:

7

naxazi 2-1. strategiuli kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli midgoma

es midgoma moicavs Semdegs:

mimdinare situaciis mimoxilva saqarTveloSi – es gamokvleva mniSvnelovani

iyo saqarTvelos energosistemaSi arsebuli situaciis aRsaqmelad da aseve

saqarTvelos bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvrisaTvis; energogeneraciis

da garmosdacvis seqtoris sakanonmdeblo da maregulirebeli bazis

dasadgenad, romelic unda xels uwyobdes am kvlevis miznebs;

energosistemis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavla – romelime variantis

ganxorcielebamde, mniSvnelovani iyo Catarebuliyo eleqtroenergetikuli

seqtoris saWiroebaTa Seswavla;

variantebis aRwera – kvlevis erTerT pirvel nabijs warmoadgenda

dagvekonkretebina energogeneraciis ganviTarebis variantebi, romlebic

SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes saqarTveloSi;

variantebis gadarCeva – energosistemis ganviTarebis identificirebuli

variantebis sruli siidan gamoiricxnen arasaTanado an miuRebeli variantebi.

es Tavdapirvelad gakeTda teqnikur safuZvelze dayrdnobiT;

generaciis ganviTarebis alternativebis ganmarteba – arsebobs

energogeneraciis ganviTarebis variantebis dajgufebis mravali gza, rom

dakmayofildes saqarTvelos moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze. ganxorcielda

im alternativebis erTobliobis identifikacia, romlebic Seesatyviseba

energiaze moTxovnilebas saWiro saimedoobis da sxvadasxva Rirebulebis

gaTvaliswinebiT;

ganviTarebis alternativebis kumulatiuri zegavlenis Seswavla –

energoganviTarebis alternativebis ganxorcieleba gavlenas moaxdens

socialur da fizikur garemoze da es iqna mxedvelobaSi miRebuli. saWiro

gaxda ganxiluliyo da gamokvleliyo sxvadasxva variantebis kombinirebuli

zegavlena ganviTarebis alternativebis SigniT;

alternativebis riskebis Sefaseba – es kvleva gansazRvravs riskebs,

romlebmac SesaZloa gavlena iqonios generaciis ganviTarebis momaval

gegmaze da zomebs, romlebsac unda SeZlon cvlilebaTa monitoringi da

sxvadasxva zegavlenis Serbileba.

rekomendaciebi saqarTvelos energoganviTarebis damaxasiaTebeli

alternativebis Sesaxeb – es warmoadgens energoganviTarebis variantebis

garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT da droSi ganxorcielebis gegmas, raTa moxdes

energiaze moTxovnilebis Sesatyvisoba im resursebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic

xelmisawvdomia socialuri da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT.

ZiriTadi principebi romlebic daculi iyo am proeqtis ganxorcielebisas

mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

proeqtis jgufi eyrdnoboda arsebul informacias da iyenebda jgufis

wevrebis farTo gamocdilebas arsebuli monacemebis dasadastureblad an maT

saTanadod modifikaciisaTvis. sadac monacemebi ar arsebobda, proeqtis

jgufi iyenebda miaxloebul da zogad monacemebs, mizanSewonili Sefasebebis

misaRebad.

:

8

ZiriTadi hidrosadgurebis adgilebis monaxuleba mTavari elementi iyo

xelmisawvdomi informaciis marTebulobisa da potenciuri garemosdacviTi

da socialuri zegavlenis gansazRvrisaTvis.

gamoyenebul iqna energosistemis modelirebis Tanamedrove instrumentebi

(WASP IV) , romelic farTodaa miRebuli mTel msoflioSi energosistemis

analizisaTvis. garda amisa, imisaTvis rom Catarebuliyo energiis miwodebis

saukeTeso scenarebis (alternativebis) ranJirebis siis analizi ekonomikuri,

garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis TvlsazrisiT, WASP IV-s Tan

erTvoda cxrilebis doneze da sxva programuli instrumentebis farglebSi

Catarebuli analizi,

ramdenadac es SesaZlebeli iyo, kvlevis analizi tardeboda, rogorc

msoflio bankis warmomadgenlebTan, aseve saqarTvelos energetikis da

garemosdacvis saministroebis warmomadgenlebTan mWido TanamSromlobis

gziT.

Tavdapirveli angariSis momzadebis periodSi, mniSvnelovani Zalisxmeva daixarja im

arsebuli monacemebis analizze, romelic saWiro iyo momavali eleqtrobalansisa

da generaciis gafarToebis umciresi Rirebulebis gegmebis Sesaqmnelad; agreTve

SemoTavazebuli didi hidrosadgurebis mSeneblobis garemosdacviTi da socialuri

zegavlenebis Sefasebaze. saqarTveloSi monacemTa Segrovebis misiis dawyebamde,

konsultantma moamzada detaluri kiTxvari, romelic unda gamoyenebuliyo misiis

dasaxmareblad da unda Sevsebuliyo Tavdapirvelad xelmisawvdomi monacemebis

safuZvelze.

analizi unda dayrdnoboda arsebul monacemebs. es niSnavda konsultantis mier

SerCeuli hidrosadguris aSenebis adgilebis SezRuduli raodenobis vizitebs.

monacemTa Segrovebis misiis mizani iyo arsebuli monacemebis Segroveba (proeqtis

angariSi, socio-ekonomikuri monacemebi, garemosdacviTi monacemebi, da sxva). am

monacemTa Segrovebas Tan axlda damatebiTi monacemebi da informaciebi, romelic

mogvewodeboda sxvadasxva institutebis warmomadgenlebis mier 2007 wlis ivnisi-

ivlisi periodSi. saqarTveloSi monacemTa Segrovebis Sesaxeb detaluri angariSi,

saTanado uflebamosil pirebTan da institutebTan Sexvedrebi da monacemTa

Segrovebis procesi micemulia Tavdapirvel angariSSi.

radganac arsebuli monacemTa done icvleboda angariSidan angariSamde, saWiro

xdeboda monacemebis Sesworeba, dafuZnebuli zogadad konsultantis gamocdilebasa

da gansjaze, raTa Catarebuliyo analizi daxloebiT msgavsi donis monacemebis

gamoyenebiT (ix. cxrili 2.1).

:

9

cxrili 2.1 xelmisawvdomi informacia.

saWiro informaciis done

arsebuli informaciis done

dasaxelebateqnikuri

garemosdacviTi

da socialuri

HxudonhesiPP nawilobrivi

Seswavla

ar yofila

garemodacviTi

kvleva, ruqebi

da aRwerebi

faravani hesi winaswari

Sefaseba

ar yofila

garemodacviTi

kvleva, ruqebi

da aRwerebi

namaxvanis kaskadinawilobrivi

Seswavla

ar yofila

garemodacviTi

kvleva, ruqebi

da aRwerebi

mikro da mini

hesebi 10mgvt-ze

naklebi

simZlavris

ZiriTadi

teq-nikuri

monace-mebi,

zogierTi

ruqa, zusti

mdebareobis

miTiTebis

gareSe,

hidrologi

uri

monacemebi,

fiqsirebul

i energia

ar aris

mcire da

saSualo

simZlavre 10-dan

50mgvt-mde. (25

adgili, sul

600mgvt)

ZiriTadi

teq-nikuri

monace-mebi,

zogierTi

ruqa, zusti

mdebareobis

miTiTebis

gareSe,

hidrologi

uri

monacemebi,

fiqsirebul

i energia

ar aris

50mgvt-ze meti

simZlavris

hidrosadgurebi

SefasebiTi

potenciali,

specifikuri

proeqtebis

gareSe,

informacia (ar

aris ruqebi,

mdebareobebi,

hidrologiuri

monacemebi,

ar aris

:

10

fiqsirebuli

energia)

sxva ganaxlebadi

wyaroebi (qari,

geoTermuli,

biomasa, mze)

ZiriTadi

teqnikuri

monacemebi

da

SefasebiTi

potenciali,

specifikuri

proeqtebis

monacemebis

gareSe (ar

aris ruqa,

mdebareoba

…)

zogadi

mosazrebebi

arsebuli hesebi

ZiriTadi

teqnikuri

monacemebi

da Tviuri

generacia

didi

sadgurebisa

Tvis,

ruqebi,

hidrologia

mxolod

engurisaTvi

s

zogadi

mosazrebebi

arsebuli

Tbosadgurebi

ZiriTadi

teqnikuri

monacemebi

zogadi

mosazrebebi

axali

Tbosadgurebi

garkveuli

miniSneba

gazis

sadurze da

adgilobriv

i

qvanaxSiris

SesaZlo

ar aris

:

11

ganviTarebis zogierTi variantisaTvis, monacemebi arsebobda nawilobrivi winaswari

Seswavlis doneze, romelic met informacias moicavda gareosdacviTi da

socialuri aspeqtebis Sesaxeb da detalur xarjTaRricxvas. speqtris meore mxares

iyo proeqtebi, romlebic mxolod dasaxelebulni iyvnen da romelzec ar arsebobda

zusti informacia, TviT ganTavsebis zusti adgilmdebareobis Sesaxebac ki.

im mizniT rom gakeTebuliyo Sedareba Tanabar pirobebSi, gansakuTrebuli yuRadReba

daeTmo ZiriTadi teqnikuri da garemosdacviTi maxasiaTeblebis kvlevas yvela

variantis SemTxvevaSi da aseve kapitaluri, saoperacio da saeqspluatacio

xarjebis Sefasebas. am midgomas unda ganesazRvra misaRebi daSvebani, romlebsac

unda miveyvaneT mizanSewonili ganviTarebis variantebis gansazRvramde saqarTvelos

momaval energosistemaSi.

saqarTveloSi monacemTa Semgrovebeli misiis muSaobis dros da mis Semdeg

Segrovebuli monacemebis safuZvelze, aseve

arsebuli monacemebis analizis safuZvelze,

konsultantma Caatara im amocanebis kvleva

romlebic gansazRvruli iyo proeqtis

davalebaSi.

zogad SemTxvevaSi, yvela eleqtrokompaniis

upirvelesi mizania adeqvaturad

daakmayofilos prognozirebuli

moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze minimaluri

danaxarjebiT. raTqmaunda, eleqtrokompaniam

unda gaiTvaliswinos arsebuli SezRudvebi,

rogoricaa finansuri SezRudvebi da

adgilobrivi gamoyenebadi resursebi, aseve

mTavrobis ganviTarebis politika da

garemosdacviTi da socialuri standartebi.

optimaluri gadawyvetilebis moZebnisas

integrirebulma Seswavlam mxedvelobaSi

miiRo ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

alternativebis orive - raodenovrivi da

xarisxobrivi parametrebi

amgvarad, piervel safexurze, analizi Catarebuli iyo WASP IV programuli paketis

gamoyenebiT, energosistemis modelirebis farTod gamoyenebuli Tanamedrove instrumentiT,

romelic gamoiyeneba generaciis sistemis gafarToebis Sesaswavlad; meore etapze

konsultantma Caatara mravalkriteriumiani optimizacia da gaakeTa alternatiuli

variantebis ranJireba (ICOR programuli paketis gamoyenebiT) im mizniT, rom ganesazRvra

ganviTarebis optimaluri varianti, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da socialuri aspeqtebis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

mocemul kvlevaSi, arsebuli Tbo da ganaxlebadi wyaroebis variantebi Seswavlil iqna

teqnikuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT da moxda zogierTi maTganis gamoricxva Semdgomi

pirvel etapze konsultantis dagegmvis

specialistebi koncentrirebulni iyvnen

generaciis yvelaze ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis alternativis ZiebiT, anu

simZlavris gazrdis iseTi programis

ZiebiT, romelic moiTxovs

alternatiuli variantebis Sedarebis

mizniT arCeuli ekonomikuri

kriteriumebis optimalur

mniSvnelobas; amave dros moiTxoveboda

sistemis saimedoobis, eleqtroenergiis

miwodebis uwyvetobis da sxva

raodenobrivi maxasiaTeblebis

damakmayofilebeli done. meore etapze,

ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da

socialuri aspeqtebis bazaze

ganxorcielda arCeuli yvelaze

mimzidveli alternativebis gaanalizeba

da ranJirebranJireba, ramac mogvca

arCeuli alternativebis

integrirebuli Sefaseba.

:

12

detaluri analizidan WASP IV programuli paketis gamoyenebiT. gamoyenebuli winaswari

Sefasebis meTodologia, WASP IV meTodologiis mokle aRwera da mravalkriteriumiani

optimizaciisa da alternativebis ranJirebisTvis gamoyenebuli meTodologia – ICOR (iteraciuli SeTanxmebuli ranJireba) mocemulia danarTSi.

:

13

3. mimdinare situacia saqarTveloSi

3.1. saqarTvelos bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebi

geografia

saqarTvelo aris umetesad dasavleTis tipis qveyana samxreT kavkasiaSi, romelic

ganlagebulia Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. mTebi warmoadgenen dominantur

geografiul maxasiaTebels saqarTvelosTvis. didi kavkasioni, kavkasionis mTebis

mTavari mTagrexili, qmnis qveynis Crdilo sazRvars da mcire kavkasionis mTebs

uWiravT qveynis samxreTi nawili. mTaTa es ori sistema dakavSirebulia

erTmaneTTan liaxvis mTagrexiliT, romelic kveTs qveyanas CrdiloaRmosavleTidan

samxreTdasavleTisaken. am gamyofis marcxniv aris kolxeTis dablobi, romelic

gadaWimulia Sav zRvamde. liaxvis mTagrexilis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs qarTlis

dablobi, maRali plato, romelic mihyveba mdinare mtkvars Aazerbaijanis

sazRvrisaken. istoriulad saqarTvelos dasavleTi nawili cnobili iyo kolxeTis

saxeliT, xolo aRmosavleT platos erqva iberia. rTuli geografiuli ganlagebis

gamo, mTebi agreTve gamohyofs Crdilo nawils – svaneTs – danarCeni

saqarTvelosagan.

suraTi 3.1. saqarTvelos mdebareoba

:

14

yvelaze umaRlesi wertilebi, saqarTvelos yvelaze maRali mwvervalis Sxaras

(5,069m) da yazbegis (5,037m) CaTvliT, ganlagebulia didi kavkasionze, sxva

mwvervalebTan erTad, romelta simaRle 4,500m-ze metia. samxreTSi, mcire

kavkasionze, simaRle zRvis donidan iSviaTad aRemateba 3,000m. Savis zRvis napiris

gaswvriv da kolxeTis dablobis mdinareebis xeobebSi zRvis donidan simaRle

rogorc wesi 100m-ze naklebia.

klimati

saqarTvelos klimati sakmaod mravalferovania dawyebuli subtropikuli

klimatidan mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Savi zRvis napirze da damTavrebuli

komtinentaluri, civi zamTriT da cxeli zafxuliT aRmosavleTiT. didi

kavkasionis mTagrexili qmnis bariers civi haeris masebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic

CrdiloeTidan Semodian, xolo Tbili, nestiani haeri Savi zRvidan iolad moZraobs

zRvis napiris dablobze dasavleTidan. Savi zRvis napiris gaswvriv regionis

subtropikuli xmelTaSuazRvis klimati xelsayrel pirobebs qmnis palmis xeebis

gaxarebisaTvis. es areali Zalin nestiania da weliwadSi naleqebis raodenoba

1,000-dan 2,000 mm-mdea, xSirad aRemateba 2,000 mm-s sanapiro zolSi. Sua zamTris

saSualo temperature 50C da Sua zafxulis saSualo temperatura ki 220C. alpur

da maRalmTian regionebs aRmosavleTiT da dasavleTiT, da naxevarudabno regions

loris platodan samxreTaRmosavleTiT gaaCniaT TavianTi regionisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli mikroklimati. naleqebis odenoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi Tanabrad

aris ganawilebuli wlis manZilze, Tumca gansakuTrebiT Zlieri wvimebia

Semodgomis Tveebis ganmavlobaSi. wliuri naleqi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

mniSvnelovnad mcirea vidre dasavleT saqarTveloSi da meryeobs intervalSi 400-

1600mm (16-63 inCi). yvelaze wvimiani periodi sazogadod aris gazafxuli da

Semodgoma, maSin roca zamTris da zafxulis Tveebi yvelaze mSralia.

hidrografia

saqarTveloSi aTasobiT mdinarea (daaxloebiT 25,000, romelTa umetesobis sigrZe

25km-ze naklebia), romlebic Caedinebian an dasavleTiT Sav zRvaSi da Aan

azerbaijanis gavliT kaspiis zRvaSi aRmosavleTiT. aRmosavleT nawilis udidesi

mdinarea mtkvari, sigrZe 384km. is iwyeba TurqeTSi da miedineba aRmosavleTisaken

saqarTvelos da Aazerbaijanis dablobebis gayolebiT da Caedineba kaspiis zRaSi.

misi ZiriTadi Senakadebia: focxovi, didi liaxvi, aragvi, lori, alazani, faravani,

algeTi da xrami. dasavleT saqarTvelos udidesi mdinarea rioni, romlis sigrZe

327km. misi mTavari Senakadebia: cxeniswyali, texura da yvirila. sxva mniSvnelovan

mdinarebs miekuTvnebian enguri, kodori, aWariswyali, Woroxi da xobi. ori ufro

patara, magram mniSvnelovani mdinare enguri da kodori, iseve rogorc rioni,

saTaves iReben didi kavkasionze da miedinebian kolxeTis dablobis gavliT Savi

zRvisaken samxreTdasavleTiT.

:

15

naxazi 3.2 hidrogafikuli ruqa

(garmosdacviTi angariSidan – saqarTveli, gaero, 2003)

saqarTveloSi 850-ze meti tbaa, Tumca maTi saerTo farTobi ar aRemateba 170km2.

yvelaze didi tbaa faravani (37km2) da paliastomi (17.3km2), xolo yvelaze Rrma

tbaa riwa (116m) da amtyeli (72m).

landSafti da ekosistemebi

qveynis sazRvrebs SigniT landSafti sakmaod mravalferovania. dasavleT

saqarTvelos landSafti icvleba dablobis Waobis mcenareebidan, lerwamebidan

da zomieri sartylis wvimis tyidan mudmiv Tovlamde da yinulebamde, maSin,

roca qveynis aRmosavleT nawili moicavs TviT naxevarudabnos patara

segmentebsac ki, romelic centraluri aziisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. tye faravs

saqarTvelos teritoriis daaxloebiT 40%, xolo alpuri/subalpuri zona

moicavs daaxloebiT teritoriis 10%. sazogadod, tyis safari gvxvdeba

aradablob adgilebSic da ZiriTadad ganlagebulia gorakebis Ziris gaswvriv

da mTebze. dasavleT saqarTvelos tyeebi dabal adgilebSi, ZiriTadad zRvis

donidan 600 metrze moicaven foTlovan xeebs da Sedgeba iseTi jiSebisagan

rogoricaa muxa, wifela, rcxila, Tela, ifani, wabli. bevr adgilas SeiZleba

napovni iyos maradmwvane jiSebi, rogoricaa magaliTad kavkasiuri palma.

mesxeTis qedis dasavleT-centraluri ferdobebi aWaris avtonomiur

respublikaSi da aseve ufro CrdiloeTiT samegrelos regionSi da afxazeTis

:

16

avtonomiur respublikaSi dafarulia zomieri sartylis wvimis tyiT. zRvis

donidan 600-1500m simaRleze, foTlovani tye Sereulia wiwvovani xeebis

saxeobebTan. am zonaSi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba wifelis, naZvis, fiWvis tyeebi.

1,500-1,800 metridan tye umeteswilad xdeba wiwvovani. xeebis rigi sazogadod

mTavrdeba 1,800 metr simaRleze da Warbobs alpuri zona, romelic umetes

adgilebSi vrceldeba zRvis donidan 3,000 m simaRlemde. mudmivi Tovli da

yinulis zona mdebareobs 3,000m-ze maRla.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos landSafti mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia

dasavleTisagan. Tumca, kolxeTis dablobis msgavsad, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

TiTqmis yvela dabal adgilas md. mtkvaris da md. alazanis dablobebis

CaTvliT tye gaCexilia sasoflo-sameurneo miznebisaTvis. garda amisa, regionis

SedarebiT mSrali havis gamo, zogierTi dabali adgilebi (gansakuTrebiT

qarTlis regioni da kaxeTis regionis samxreT-aRmosavleTi) arasodes ar

yofila tyiT dafaruli. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogadi landSafti moicavs

mraval xeobas da xevs, romlebic erTmaneTisagan gayofilia mTebiT. dasavleT

saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, am regionSi tyeebis daaxloebiT 85%

foTlovania. wiwvovani tyeebi dominireben mxolod borjomis xeobasa da Zalian

aRmosavleT raionebSi. foTlovani xeebis saxeobebidan dominirebs wifela, muxa

da Tela. sxva gavrcelebul foTlovan saxeobebs miekuTvnebaT nekerCxali,

alvis xe, ifani, tyis Txili. mdinare alazanis zemo xeobaSi gvxvdeba

urTxmeli. ufro maRla, zRvis donidan 1,000 metrze zeviT (gansakuTrebiT

TuSeTSi, xevsureTSi da xevSi) dominirebs fiWvis da aryis xeebi. sazogadod,

tyeebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba 500-2,000 metrze zRvis donidan,

xolo alpuri zona mdebareobs 2,000/2,200 – 3,000/3,500 metrze. didi

dablobis tyeebi darCenilia mxolod kaxeTis alazanis xeobaSi. mudmivi

Tvovlis da yinulis zona aRmosavleT saqarTvelos umetes adgilebSi

mdebareobs 3,500 metris zeviT zRvis donidan.

saqarTvelos gaaCnia ekosistemebis didi mravalferovneba. ZiriTadi

ekosostemebi SeiZleba Sedardes bio-geografiul biocenozs. saqarTveloSi

aris cxra Sida biocenozi mainc: mdinaris kalapotis gaswvriv arsebuli

tyeebi, naxevarudabno, stepi, udabnos msubuqi tyis masivi, hemiqserofitis

buCqnari, tye, qvealpuri zona, alpuri zona da subnivaluri zona (ix. naxazi

3-3). am sias SeiZleba daematos Waobebi. Tumca, sxvadasxva mecnierebi

ekosistemebis dayofis da klasifikaciis Zalian gansxvavebul sqemas uWeren

mxars.

:

17

naxazi 3.3. ZZiriTadi biocenozis ruqa

(garemosdacviTi angariSidan – saqarTvelo, gaero, 2003)

tye

saqarTvelos tyeebi moicaven did garmosdacviT, ekonomikur, kulturul,

samecniero da rekreaciul resursebs. saqarTvelos mTliani teritoriis 6.95

milioni ha - daaxloebiT 43% (daaxloebiT 3 milioni ha) aRniSnulia rogorc

tyiani, romlisagan 2.75 milioni ha (40%) realurad dafarulia tyiT. daaxloebiT

2.2 milioni ha klasificirebulia rogorc saxelmwifo tye, romelzec

pasuxismgebelia garemosdacviTi saministros satyeo departamenti, xolo danarCeni

warmoadgens yofil “kolmeurneobebis miwebs”, romlis nawili amJamad gadaeca

satyeo departaments.

saxelmwifo tyis 80% warmoadgens foTlovan, xolo 20% wiwvovan tyes. ZiriTadi

gavrcelebuli saxeobebia: wifeli, romelic faravs miwis 49%-s, muxa 10%, soWi

8%, rcxila 7%, naZvi 6%, fiWvi 5%, Txmela 3% da wabli 3%, danarCeni 9%

moicavs sxvadasxva xeebis da buCqebis narevs. asakis stuqturis mixedviT, 48%

saxelmwifo tyeebisa (farTobis mixedviT) aris saSualo asakis, 15% aris

zrdasruli da 30% zrdasruli an gadaberebuli (igulisxmeba rom 7% aris

axalgazrda). Zalian mcirea monacemebi “kolmeurneobis” tyeebze. daikvirveba rom

isini gacilebiT axalgazrda arian da ufro intensiurad iWrebian vidre

:

18

saxelmwifo tyeebi – magaliTad, daaxloebiT 75% “kolmeurneobis” teritoriebisa

moicavs xeebs, romelTa asaki 60 welze naklebia.

naxazi 3-4. tyeebis ruqa

(garemosdacviTi angariSidan – saqarTvelo, gaero, 2003)

saxelmwifo tyeebis didi nawili ganlagebulia mTebze (xSirad cicaboze).

Sefasebulia, rom arsebuli moculobis 10%-ze naklebTan SeiZleba miRweva

normaluri miwis sagzao sistemiT (daxra naklebia 150-ze), ZiriTadad

traqtorebiTa da gamwevi cxovelebiT. moculobis daaxloebiT 70% ganlagebulia

250-ze meti daxris ferdobze da moiTxovs xe-tyis gadamamuSavebeli gzis

mSeneblobas da aseve jalambrebis da sabagiro sistemebis Seqmnas. “kolmeurneobis”

tyeebi Cveulebriv ganlagebulia nakleb daxrilobaze da ufro iolad SeiZleba

Wris ganxorcieleba miwis sagzao sistemis gamoyenebiT. rTuli misadgomi adgilebi

ufro mniSvnelovans xdian naklebad zemoqmedi (garemosdacvis kuTxiT misaRebi)

Wris teqnikis SemoRebas. sxva faqtori, romelic xels uSlis efeqtur Wras

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom qveyanaSi aris mxolod 9,500km tyis gza (daaxloebiT 60%

muSa mdgomareobaSia), xolo gzis saSualo simkvrivea 3.5m/ha, rac Zalian mcirea.

biomravalferovneba

Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde teritoria warmoadgens biologiurad erTerT

yvelaze mdidar raions dedamiwaze. es regioni cnobilia, rogorc kavkasiis

biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertili. misi mTliani farTobia 590,000km2, moicavs

somxeTs, azerbaijans da saqarTvelos, ruseTis Crdilo kavkasiis nawils, TurqeTis

:

19

CrdiloaRmosavleTs da iranis CrdilodasavleTis nawils. am teritoriaze

arsebobs 10 derefani, romlebic miCneulia rogorc mniSvnelovani

biomravalferovnebis SesanarCuneblad (naxazi 3-5). es koriderebi warmoadgenen

didi masStabis landSaftebs, romelTa dacva saWiroa biomravalferovnebis

mudmivobis SesanarCuneblad. oTxi koridori gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

saqarTvelosaTvis: didi kavkasionis koridori, dasavleT mcire kavkasionis

koridori, javaxeTis koridori da iori-mingeCauris koridori, radganac isini

faraven saqarTvelos teritorias.

naxazi 3-5. koridorebi saqarTvelos cxel wertilebSi

1 – kuma-maniCi; 2 – didi kavkasioni; 3 – kaspiis; 4 – dasavleT mcire kavkasioni;

5 – javaxeTi; 6 – aRmosavleT mcire kavkasioni; 7 – iori-mingeCauri;

8 – samxreT zegani; 9 – azerbaijani; 10 – hirkani

daculi teritoriebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobdnen kavkasiis teritoriaze

bunebis SenaxvaSi daaxloebiT saukunis manZilze. pirveli daculi bunebrivi

nakrZali am regionSi Seiqmna 1912 wels lagodexis xeobaSi didi kavkasionis

mTagrexilis samxreT-aRmosavleT ferdobze saqarTveloSi. mas Semdeg 60-ze meti

daculi bunebrivi nakrZali Seiqmna kavkasiis yofil sabWoTa kavSiris nawilze,

romelTa umetesoba gauqmda 1950 wels. saqarTvelos hqonda 22 daculi bunebrivi

nakrZali 1951 wlamde. daculi teritoriebis reformis procesis bolos darCa

mxolod erTi nakrZali. droTa ganmavlobaSi, zogierTi adre arsebuli daculi

teritoriebi isev aRdga da Seiqnma axali teritoriebi. amJamad saqarTvelos

gaaCnia Tormeti daculi bunebrivi nakrZali, Tormeti kontrolirebadi nakrZali

:

20

da rva nacionaluri parki, da aseve mravali daculi landSafti da bunebrivi

Zeglebi.

1. algeTis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali 2. ajameTis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

3. kintriSis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali 4. saTaflias sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

5. saguramos sax. bunebrivi nakrZali 6. liaxvis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

7. yazbegis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali 8. mariamTvaris sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

da koruRis kontrolirebadi nakrZali

9. kacoburis kontrolirebadi nakrZali 10. gardabnis kontrolirebadi nakrZali

11. ioris kontrolirebadi nakrZali 12. WaWunas kontrolirebadi nalrZali

13.kolxeTis erovnuli parki 14. qobuleTis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

da kontrolirebadi nakrZali

15.vaSlovanis daculi teritoria 16. lagodexis daculi teritoria

17.TuSeTis daculi teritoria 18. bawara-babaneuris daculi teritoria

19. borjomi-xaragaulis erovnuli parki

da borjomis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

20. riWis sax. bunebrivi nakrZali

21. fsxu-gumistas sax. bunebrivi nakrZ. 22. biWvinTa-miuseras sax. bunebrivi

nakrZali

23. mtiralas erovnuli parki

:

21

naxazi 3-6. erovnuli nakrZalebisa da erovnuli parkebis ruqa

borjomi-xaragaulis erovnuli parki mdebareobs centralur saqarTveloSi da

warmoadgens mcire gavkasionis nawils. parki erTerTi yvelaze didia evropaSi – is

moicavs 76,000 ha-ze met bunebriv tyes da qve-alpur da alpur velebs,

warmoadgens iSviaTi florisa da faunis saxls.

kolxeTis erovnuli parki mdebareobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kolxeTis sanapiro

dablobze mdinare fiCorasa da sufsas yelebs Soris. kolxeTis erovnuli parki

moicavs 29,704 ha miwas, romelic ganvrcobilia zugdidis, xobis, lanCxuTis,

senakis da abaSas administraciul raionebze da moicavs 15,743 ha zRvis

teritorias. parki Seiqmna 1998 wels, rogorc saqarTvelos sazRvao zolis

integrirebuli marTvis proeqtis nawili, msoflio bankisa da globaluri

garemosdacviTi saSualebebis (GEF) finansuri daxmarebiT. erovnuli parki moicavs

kolxeTis saxelmwifo dacul nakrZals, romelic Seiqmna 1947 wels (500ha) da

mimdebare wylian teritoriebs, paliastomis tbis CaTvliT.

aRiarebulia, rom saxeobebis umetesoba yvelaze kargad inaxeba im adgilebis dacvis

SemTxvevaSi, sadac isini bunebrivad arseboben. swored amitomaa, rom saxeobebis

sacxovrebeli adgili ganisazvreba calkeuli aRebuli saxeobisaTvis. sacxovrebeli

adgilebi warmoadgens fizikurad da/an socioekonomiurad gamoyofil miwis

diskretul farTobs, romelic saWiroebs dacvas gansazRvruli saxeobebis

SesanarCuneblad. saqarTvelos teritoriaze 49 aseTi adgilia, mTliani farTobiT

2.17 milioni heqtari (naxazi 3-7) [1]

:

22

naxazi 3-7. saqarTvelos cxeli wertilebi

(wyaro: [1] kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertilebi, 2003)

cxrili 3.1. globaluri gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobebis Semajamebeli

informacia kavkasiis cxel wertilebSi, saqarTveloSi

daculi adgilebi globaluri gadaSenebis safrTxis qeS myofi saxeobebi

taqsonomiur

i jgufi

adgilebi

s

raodenob

a

farTobi

(103ha)

kritikulad

saSiSisaSiSi

mgrZnobiar

e

safrTxis

qveSsul

ZuZumwovre

bi 25 1312 1 7 3 11

frinvelebi 19 845 5 5qvewarmavl

ebi 21 1357 1 2 1 1 5

amfibiebi 14 635 3 3Tevzebi 8 205 1 5 6sul 49 2174 2 8 11 9 30

wyaro: kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertilebi, 2003

:

23

cxrili 3.2 globalurad gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobebi

saqarTvelos kavkasiis cxel wertilebSi

globaluri gadaSenebis safrTxis qeS myofi saxeobebitaqsonomiuri

jgufikritikulad

saSiSisaSiSi mgrZnobiare safrTxis qveS

sul

ZuZumwovrebi

Capra caucasica Barbastella barbastellus Myotis bechsteini Myotis emarginatus Rhinolophus hipposideros Capra aegagrus Capra cylindricornis Lutra lutra

Rhinolophus euryle Mustela lutreola Rhinolophys mehelyi

11

frinvelebi

Crex crex Falco naumanni Aquila heliaca Aquila clanga Anser erithropus

5

qvewarmavlebi Vipera darevskii Lacetra clarkorum

Vipera kaznakovi Vipera dinniki Testudo graeca 5

amfibiebi

Mertensiella caucasica Bufo verrucosissimusPelodytes caucasic

3

Tevzebi

Acipenser sturio Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Acipenser nudiventris Acipenser persicus Acipenser stellatus Huso huso

6

mTlianad 28 saxeoba, romelic warmoadgens xuT taqsons (ZuZumwovrebi,

frinvelebi, qvewarmavlebi, amfibiebi da Tevzebi) CarTulia saxeobaTa CamonaTvalSi.

TerTmeti ZuZumwovaras saxeoba, 3 frinvelis saxeoba, 5 reptiliis saxeoba, 3

amfibiis saxeoba da eqvsi Tevzis saxeoba dasacavadaa SerCeuli. ZuZumwevrebis erTi

saxeoba miCneulia rogorc gadaSenebis piras myofi - aRmosavleT kavkasiiis jixvi.ZuZumwevrebis Svidi saxeoba miCneulia rogorc mowyvlad mdgomareobaSi myofi

(dasavleTis barbastelle, Ramuris sami saxeoba, jixvis ori saxeoba da wavi), xolo

sami gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi. frinvelTa xuTi saxeoba imyofeba

gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS. erTi reptilia gadaSenebis kritikul zRvarzea –

darevskis gvelgesla. ori saxeoba CaTvlilia rogorc gadaSenebis piras myofi

(Turquli xvliki da kavkasiuri gvelgesla), xolo erTi saxeoba - rogorc

mowyvladi da gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi. amfibiis sami saxeoba mowyvlad

mdgomaroebaSi imyofeba (kavkasiuri salamandra, kavkasiuri gombeSo da kavkasiuri

winwklebiani bayayi).

TevzTa eqvsi saxeoba Sesulia saxeobaTa CamonaTvalSi. xuTi maTgani arian TarTis

ojaxis. eqvsidan xuTi Tevzi imyofeba gadaSenebis piras. gadaSenebis kritikul

zRvarzea baltiis TarTi, romelic binadrob marto Sav zRvaSi da saqarTveloSi

kolxeTis dablobis mdinareebSi. gadametebuli TevzWera da dabinZureba safrTxes

uqmnian yvela am Tevzis saxeobebs Sav zRvasa da kaspiis zRvebSi.

:

24

amgvarad, 30-dan ori saxeoba aris kritikulad gadaSenebis piras, 8 – gadaSenebis

pirasaa da 11 mowyvlad mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, xolo danarCeni 9 gadaSenebis

safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobebia. es saxeobebi warmoadgendnen safuZvels

saqarTvelos farglebSi arsebul kavkasiis cxeli wertilebis dasaxasiaTeblad da

iqnebian warmatebis mniSvnelovani indikatorebi saxeobaTa SenaxvisaTvis gaweul

momaval saqmianobobaSi.

iuridiuli da institucionaluri sakanonmdeblo baza

saqarTvelos respublikam sabWoTa kavSirisgan damoukidebloba gamoacxada 1991

wlis 9 aprils. igi dafuZnda, rogorc unitaruli saxelmwifo, romelic

regionalur doneze mniSvnelovan rola asrulebda socialuri saqmianobis

marTvaSi. saqarTveloSi 11 administraciuli erTeulia, romelTagan ori

avtonomiuri respublikaa: afxazeTi da aWara (naxazi 3-8). saqarTvelos

konstituciis 3-e statiis Tanaxmad, centralur xelisuflebas gaaCnia

eqskluziuri Zalaufleba administrireba gauwios miwis, mineralebis da bunebrivi

resursebis kanonmdeblobas, metrologiur samsaxurebs da garemos dacvis sistemas.

es niSnavs, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs regionebSi ar SeuZliaT awarmoon

damoukidebeli sakanonmdeblo saqmianoba am sferoebSi. amasTan erTad, centraluri

aRmasrulebeli organos regionaluri erTeulebis garda, TiToeul raions hyavs

misi administraciis ufrosi gubernatoris saxiT, romelsac moswons prezidentis

warmomadgenlis statusi. garemosdacva ar aris gubernatoris uflebaTa arealSi.

rogorc ki saqarTvelom gamoacxada damoukidebloba, sxvadasxva qmedebebi iqna

ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo sistemis Sesaqmnelad, romelic miesadageboda

Secvlil politikur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas da gadawyvetda warmoSobil

problemebs, garemos dacvis CaTvliT. garemosdacvis aspeqtebTan dakavSirebuli

problemebi moicavs: haeris dabinZurebas, wylis resursebs (wylis dabinZureba da

sasmeli wylis momwodebeli resursebis degradacia), narCenebs, romelic

gamowveulia narCenebis da saSiSi qimiuri masalebis cudi menejmentiT; landSaftis

degradaciiT, da Savi zRvis degradaciiT dabinZurebis gamo.

:

25

naxazi 3-8. saqarTvelos administraciuli erTeulebis ruqa.

am problemaTa gadasawyvetad, garkveuli Zalisxmeva iqna gaweuli, rom Seqmniliyo

garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisi organo. saxelmwifos garemosdacviTi

politikis miznebi konkretuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb detaluradaa mocemuli

dagegmvis mraval dokumentSi (siRaribis daZlevis da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli

gegma, 2000; erovnuli garemosdacviTi samoqmedo gegma, 2000; socialuri da

ekonomikuri aRmSeneblobis da ekonomikuri zrdis programa, 2001; erovnuli

biomravalferovnebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma, 2005)

garemosdacvis kanonis farglebSi, garemosdacvis da bunebrivi resursebis

saministros, sxva saministoroebTan TanamSromlobiT, daevala SeimuSaos myari

ganviTarebis strategia. 2008 wlis TebervalSi saqarTvelos garemosdacvis da

bunebrivi resursebis saministros struqtura mocemulia naxazze 3-9.

:

26

qvemdebare

organizaciebi

struqturuli

erTeulebi

garemosdacviTi

inspeqtorati

satyeo

departamenti

sagamomZieblo

departamenti

zogadi inspeqcia

iuridiuli departamenti

licenziebisa da nebarTvebis

departamenti

administraciuli

departamenti

myari ganviTarebis

departamenti

integrirebuli

garemosdacvis marTvis da

biomravalferovnebis

departamenti

geologia-kartografiis da

geodeziis samsaxuri

birTvuli da radiaciis

usafrTxoebis samsaxuri

sazogadoebasTan

urTierTobis samsaxuri

saqarTvelos garemosdacvis

da bunebrivi resursebis

saministro

afxazeTis avtonomiuri

respublikis

garemosdacviTi samsaxuri

aWaris avtonomiuri

respublikis

garemosdacviTi samsaxuri

:

27

teritoriuli saxelmwifo filialebis

iuridiuli pirebi

naxazi 3-9. saqarTvelos garemosdacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

struqtura

momzadda garkveuli raodenoba dagegmvis dokumentebisa, romlebic exeba specifikur

garemosdacviT sakiTxebs:

NEAP-2; erovnuli programa da samoqmedo gegma klimatis cvlilebaze;

erovnuli programa da samoqmedo gegma ozonis-STanTqmeli nivTierebis

gamoyofis Sesaxeb;

tyis ganviTarebis strategia;

sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis programa;

Savi zRvis strategiuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegma;

garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis saxelmwifo programa da samoqmedo gegma;

saxelmwifo programis strategia (koncefcia) sawvavis xarisxis

gasaumjobeseblad;

gaudabnebasTan brZolis konvenciiis erovnuli samoqmedo programa.

ministris ofisi

teritorialuri

sainformacio

centri

monitoringisa da

prognozirebis

centri

myari ganviTarebis

proeqtebis dagegmvis

saagento

tyis sanerge

daculi

teritoriebis

saagento

samegrelo-zemo

svaneTis

regionaluri ofisi

dasavleT

centraluri

regionaluri ofisi

aRmosavleT

centraluri

regionaluri ofisi

qvemo qarTlis

regionaluri ofisi

samcxe-javaxeTis

regionaluri ofisi

kaxeTis

regionaluri ofisi

:

28

saerTaSoriso valdebulebebisa da rekomendaciebidan

gamomdinare sakanonmdeblo baza

gaanalizirebuli saqarTvelos hidrosadgurebi, gansakuTrebiT ki xudonhesi da

namaxvanis kaskadi, warmoadgenen rTul mniSvnelovan proeqtebs wylis seqtorSi.

pirveli mniSvnelovani sawyisi wertili wylis resursebis ganviTarebis proeqtebis

kompleqsuri ganmartebisa mocemuli iyo ggaeros konferenciaze adamianTa garemos

Sesaxeb, stokholmSi, 1972 wels. konferenciis udidesi mniSvneloba gamoixateboda

imaSi, rom is Riad aerTianebda ekonomikur, socialuri ganviTarebis da

garemosdacviT komponentebs ganuyofel erTeulad. es asaxulia konferenciis

erTerT principSi, romelic ambobs, rom ar arsebobs ganviTareba garemos

SenarCunebis gareSe da garemo ar SeiZleba SenarCundes siRaribeSi. Tu

mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom ganviTarebis proeqtebi xorcieldeba didi

mdinareebis sistemis doneze, konferenciam misca rekomendacia rom Seqmniliyo

efeqturi marTvis organoebi didi mdinareebis auzis doneze, raTa garantirebuli

yofiliyo wylis ekosistemis dacvis yvelaze efeqturi gzebis gamonaxva, wylis

aqtiuri menejmentis saSualebiT.

gaeros konferencia wylis Sesaxeb (Mar del Plata 1977) kidev ufro metad gadamwyvet Semobrunebis wertils warmoadgenda wylis ganviTarebis didi proeqtebis

mniSvnelobis aRiarebaSi. saboloo dokumenti gadaeca gaeros wevr-qveynebis

mTavrobebs rekomendaciebis formis saxiT, romelTagan winamdebare kvelevaSi

xazgasmulia wylis gamoyenebis strategiis mxolod Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

saWiroa gaxSirdes hidrosadgurebis potencialis, rogorc ganaxlebadi da

ekologiurad yvelaze ufro misaRebi tipis energiis gamoyeneba;

wylis reJimebi unda gaumjobesdes rezervuaris menejmentis saSualebiT;

wyalze, romelic warmoadgens SezRudul umniSvnelovanes resurss Cvens

planetaze, warmoqmnili maRali moTxovnileba gaTvaliswinebulia wylis

gamoyenebis, wylisgan dacvis da wylis dacvis erTian proeqtebSi, romelTa

ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia ise, rom optimaluri socialuri, ekonomikuri

da ekologiuri sargebelic iyos miRebuli;

im faqtis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, rom hidravlikuri struqturebis

mSenebloba moiTxovs saWiro teritoriebis droulad Senaxvas da dacvas,

wylis dagegmarebas sxva sivrcul gegmebTan SedarebiT prioriteti gaaCnia.

es naTladaa asaxuli rekomendaciaSi, romlis Tanaxmad wylis sferoSi

principuli miznebi naTlad unda iyos gaerTianebuli yvela erovnuli

ganviTarebis gegmasTan, romelic Semdgom SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas yvela

sxva gegmebis bazisad; agreTve, rekomendaciis Tanaxmad wylis sferoSi

proeqtebi unda momzaddes mdinaris auzis ekonomikuri da socialuri

ganviTarebis swor kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT; da

wyali warmoadgens resurss, romelsac iseTive fasi gaaCnia, rogorc sxva

resursebs da amgvarad wylis gamoyenebas unda mohyves misi ekonomikuri

Rirebulebis srulad anazRaureba, romelic unda moicavdes wylis da

mdinaris auzebis dacvis Rirebulebas.

:

29

garemosdacvis da ganviTarebis msoflio komisia mis Zalian cnobil saboloo

dokumentSi “Cveni saerTo momavali” (1987) gansazRvravs ZiriTad princips,

romelic eqstremalurad mniSvnelovania wylis seqtoris ganviTarebis

harmonizaciisaTvis – hidroinJineriis CaTvliT – da garemos dasacavad: gadarCenis

momtani ganviTareba. siRaribe amcirebs xalxis SesaZleblobas gamoiyenos resursebi

Wkvianurad da aZlierebs dawolas garemoze. ekonomikuri da ekologiuri

problemebi urTierTdamokidebulia. an ufro mokled: garemos dacva ar SeiZleba

mimdinareobdes warmatebiT Tu mas Tan ar axlavs adeqvaturi ekonomikuri

ganviTareba13. ganviTarebis aseTi principi, gansazRvruli rogorc “eko-ganviTareba”

an – “sicocxlisunariani ganviTareba”, eqstremalurad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos

ganviTarebis strategiisaTvis, radganac saqarTvelos gaaCnia mniSvnelovani

hidropotenciali, romelic saWiroebs SeZlebisdagvarad srulad gamoyenebas misi

ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis. aseTi midgomis strategiuli

mniSvnelobis gamo, zemo dokumenti naTlad miuTiTebs ganviTarebisa da garemos

dacvas Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis da kavSirebis arsebobas, rac mocemulia

SeniSvnaSi.

igive Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom wylis integraluri proeqtebi warmoadgenen

ganviTarebis da garemosdacvis RonisZiebebis biZgis ZiriTad mimcemebs, aseve cxadi

gaxda ddublinis konferenciaze (saerTaSoriso konferencia wylisa da garemos

Sesaxeb, dublini, 1992). konferenciis ori ZiriTadi principi, romelTac didi

mniSvneloba aqvT wylis dagegmvisa da menejmentis strategiis aspeqtebis

TavalsazrisiT mdgomareobs SemdegSi • wyali aris ekonomikuri kategoria da mas

unda movekidoT, rogorc ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan resurss; • wylis menejmenti

dafuZnebuli unda iyos momxmarebelTa, damgegmavTa da yvela doneze

gadawyvetilebis mimRebTa monawileobaze; • unda dafuZndes TanamSromlobis

institucionaluri forma, romelic SesaZleblobas mogvcems wylis menejmentis

koordinacia ganxorcieldes didi mdinareebis auzebis doneze da sxvadasxva

saxelmwifos teritoriebze.

msoflioSi aseTi saxis yvelaze mniSvnelovan Sexvedras warmoadgenda ggaremosa da

ganviTarebis konferencia (rio-de-Janeiro 1992), romelic agreTve cnobilia

dedamiwis sammitis saxeliT da romelmac miiRo mravali mniSvnelovani dokumenti

wylis seqtoris Sesaxeb, Semdegi yvelaze mniSvnelovani dokumentebis CaTvliT:

13miznad dasaxuli simyare moiTxovs, rom yvela qveyanam xelaxla gaiazros misi politikis da

saqmianobis gavlena msoflios ekonomikis da ekologiis ganviTarebaze. am procesSi kritikuli

miznebi moicavs:

ekonomikuri zrdis aRdgena. siRaribe amcirebs xalxis mier resursebis Wkvianad

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas da aZlierebs dawolas garemoze. am dekadis erT adgilze

mdgomi an klebadi ekonomikuri zrdis tendenciebi unda sapirispirod Seicvalos,

gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebSi, sadac kavSiri ekonomikur zrdas, siRaribis

daZlevas da garemosdacvis RonisZiebebis gaaqtiurebas Soris yvelaze TvalSisacemia.

ekologiuri da ekonomikuri problemebi urTierTdakavSirebulia. amitom garemosdacva

da ekonomika Tavidanve integrirebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, ara

garemos dacvis mizniT, aramed grZelvadiani ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis

xelSesawyobad.

(“Cveni saerTo momavali – sasicocxlo ganviTareba”, msoflio komisiis angariSi

garemosdacvasa da ganviTarebaze, 1987)

:

30

rios deklaracia garemosa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, klimatis cvlilebis konvencia,

biologiuri mravalferovnebis konvencia da bolos – dRis wesrigi 21. dRis

wesrigi 21 warmoadgens daaxloebiT 2500 rekomendaciis krebuls, ganviTarebis

sasicocxlo sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. wylis menejmentis strategiisaTvis yvelaze

mniSvnelovania Tavi 18, romelic fokusirebas akeTebs wylis menejmentis

mTlianobaze mdinaris auzis doneze da wylis menejmentis mraval-seqtoriul

midgomaze socialuri, ekonomikuri da ganviTarebis problemebis, garemosdacvis

problemebis da am sferos sxva momxmareblis problemaTa CaTvliT. saqarTveloSi

dagegmvisa da integrirebuli ganviTarebis sistemebi, romlebic ganxorcieldeba

wylis integrirebuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebis gziT, gadaWris saqarTvelos

teritoriis konkretul, amJamad ganuviTarebeli nawilebis ekonomikisa da

soacialuri ganviTarebis strategiul amocanebs. es sistemebi warmoadgens dRis

wesrigi 21-is principebis yvelaze efeqtur gamoyenebas, radganac igi afuZnebs

mWido kavSirs ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da ekologiuri, kulturuli da garemos

dacvis sxva mraval RonisZiebebs Soris.

evrogaerTianebis wylis direqtiva (evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos direqtiva

2000/06/EC sazogadoebis saqmianobebis CarCoebis DdafuZneba wylis politikis

sakiTxebSi) warmoadgens mniSvnelovan platformas wylis seqtoris dagegmvis

saqmeSi. Semdegi sakiTxebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania intergrirebuli sistemebis

dagegmvisaTvis saqarTveloSi:

wylis integrirebuli menjmenti didi hidrografiuli erTeulebis doneze;

im mdinareTa auzebis koordinirebuli menejmenti, romlebic kveTs qveynis

sazRvrebs;

hidroinJineriis miznebis harmonizireba garemosdacvis sakiTxebTan;

wylis nakadebSi wylis xarisxis Sefasebis maRali standartebi da wylis

xarisxis aqtiuri menejmenti wylis daRvris marTvis zomebis gamoyenebiT;

ekonomikuri politika, romelic sistemis TviTdafinansebis saSualebas

iZleva;

realisturi, ekonomikuri wylis fasi da momxmarebli-ixdis-dambinZurebeli-

ixdis principis mkacri pativiscema, yvela Rirebulebis sruli kompensacia,

wylis Rirebulebis da garemos dacvis xarjebis CaTvliT;

sazogadoebisaTvis wylis seqtorSi arsebuli problemebis gacnoba,

konsultaciebi, sxvadasxva jgufebis interesTa dabalanseba; da

momxmarebelTa da sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa monawileoba im organoebis

muSaobaSi, vinc iRebs gadawyvetilebas wylis menejmentis Sesaxeb.

3.2. energosistemis mimdinare statusi saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelo eleqtroenergiis, navTobproduqtebis da bunebrivi gazis wminda

importiori qveyanaa. am importebis Rirebuleba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda bolo

ramodenime wlis manZilze da mTavrobas survili aqvs Caanacvlos zogierTi

importi axali, ekonomikurad mimzidveli, qveynis SigniT warmoebuli energiiT.

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31

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi daiwyo Zlieri energetikuli

krizisi. krizisi gamowveuli iyo energosistemis dezintegraciiT, energiaze fasebis

zrdiT, da energosistemis saremonto samuSaoebis naklebobiT. 1991 wlamde,

saqarTvelo, somxeTi da azerbaijani warmoadgendnen trnaskavkasiis

urTierTdakavSirebuli energosistemis integralur nawilebs, romelic Tavis mxriv

warmoadgenda sabWoTa kavSiris energosistemis nawils. importirebuli sawvavi da

eleqtroenergia iyo “ufaso” urTierTdakavSirebuli energosistemaSi, romelSic

amJamad safasuria gadasaxdeli. gazze da importirebul eleqtroenergiaze fasebi

gaizarda msoflio bazris doneze. amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos hidroenergiis

generaciis sezonuri gansxvavaeba, romelic adre balansdeboda importirebuli

energiiT, veRar Seesabameboda gazrdil moTxovnilebas zamTarSi mxolod

adgilobrivi Tbosadguris energiis xarjze.

sawvavis da Tbosadgurebis saremonto samuSaoebis naklebobam gamoiwvia maTi

TiTqmis mTlianad mwyobridan gamosvla. Sedegad, hidroenergiis wilis mTlian

generaciaSi gaizarda 53%-dan 1990 wels, 83%-mde 1996 wels da TviT 93%-mde

2002 wels. cudi saremonto samuSaoebis gamo, hidrosadgurebi muSaobdnen maTi

simZlavris 60%-ze.

yoelive zemoTqmulma gamoiwvia energiis didi deficiti da iZulebiTi nawilobrivi

gamorTvebi qveynis masStabiT. 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciis Sedegad movida

axali mTavroba, romelmac mravali warmatebiTi RonisZieba ganaxorciela energiis

deficitis aRmosafxvrelad. mTavroba awarmoebda generaciis obieqtebis

reabilitacias rogorc sakuTari xarjebiT, aseve saerTaSorisso safinanso

institutebis daxmarebiT; ZiriTad sawarmoebSi ganxorcielda saerTaSoriso

menejment kontraqtebi; gadauxada eleqtroenergiis davalianeba mezobel qveynebs;

SemoiRo komerciuli disciplina seqtorSi da gazarda tarifebi. Sedegad, 2006

wlidan dawyebuli seqtori sazogadod gamovida krizisidan.

saqarTvelos yvelaze mniSvnelovani energogeneraciis erTeulebi da gadamcemi

qselis sistema mocemulia ruqaze – naxazi 3-10.

saqarTveloSi 2007 wels Tbogeneraciis sistemas gaaCnda oTxi Tbosadguri, ori

Zveli da ori axali. saqarTveloSi mTavari Zveli Tbosadguri aris 1850mgvt

Tbilsresis sadguri Tbilisis maxloblad. Tbilsresis sadguri moicavs 10 bloks,

romelTagan amJamad mxolod 3 blokia muSa mdgomareobaSi – reabilitirebuli 3

da 4 blokebi Tbilsresis sadgurSi da 9-e bloki privatizirebul sadgurSi,

romelsac exla hqvia “mtkvari”. winaswari SefasebiT Tbilsresis 3-e da 4-e

blokebi imuSaveben 2014 wlis bolomde, xolo mtkvaris 9-e bloki imuSavebs

dagegmvis periodis bolomde (2021). erTi axali Tbosadguria energoinvestis

Tbosadguri. yvela blokSi ZiriTadi sawvavad gaTvaliswinebuli bunebrivi airi.

im arsebuli Tbosadgurebis ZiriTadi teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic

gamoyenebul iqna generaciis gafarToebis dagegmvis analizSi mocemulia cxrilSi

3.3

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33

naxazi 3-10. energogeneraciis erTeulebi da gadamcemi qselis sistema

cxrili 3.3. saqarTveloSi arsebuli Tbosadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

sadguris

dasaxelebamtkvari 9

energo

investi*Tbilsresi

3-e bloki

Tbilsresi

4-e bloki

sadguris tipi STG CCGT STG CCGT dadgmuli

simZlavre

mgvt 300 150 150 160xelmisawvdomi

simZlavre

mgvt 270 140 125 130min. gagzavnili

simZlavre

mgvt 108 50 50 50 maq.gagzavnili

simZlavre

mgvt 250 140 125 130iZulebiTi

gaTiSvebi % 10 8 10 10 remonti

dRe/weli 30 30 30 30 min. Tburi

simZlavre

kkal/kvtsT 3017 2048 2867 2867 maqs. Tburi

simZlavre

kkal/kvtsT 2244 1756 2538 2530 cvladi O&M $/mgvtsT 2.55 2.93 4.4 4.4fiqsirebuli

O&M xarji

$/kvt-Tve 5.32 .8 5.76 5.76

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34

*Tavdapirvelad, konsultants mier mopovebuli informaciiT, 40mgvt simZlavris orTqlis turbinis

proeqti ganxorcielebis fazaSi iyo; analizis dasrulebis Semdeg cxadi gaxda, rom 40mgvt orTqlis

turbina jer ar iyo gaSvebuli. yvela scenarSi es sadguri moixsenieba rogorc 150mgvt simZlavris

kombinirebuli ciklis gazoturbina; Tumca scenarebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebisas es sadguri ver moqmedebs.

Tbosadgurebis ZiriTadi teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis garda, eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaSi maT monawileobis doneze ZiriTad zegavlenas

axdens bunebrivi airis fasi, romelic warmoadgens ZiriTad sawvavs am

sadgurebSi. 2006 wlis bolomde, saqarTveloSi bunebrivi airis fasi idga

niSnulze 60 US$/1000m3, magram 2006 wlis bolos es fasi gaormagda da

gaxda 110 US$/1000m3. ufro metic, 2007 wlis gazafxulze es fasi kidev

erTxel gaizarda da mimdinare fasi TiTqmis igive donisaa, rogorc dasavleT

evropaSi da tolia 230 US$/1000m3. es fasi da kaloriuloba 33338kj/m3

warmoadgenda ZiriTad fass arsebuli da axali gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebis

saoperacio xarjebis dadgenaSi. gazis es Rirebuleba da sadgurebis teqnikuri

maxasiaTeblebi TbosadgurebSi gvaZlevs gacilebiT maRal saoperacio xarjs da

moiTxovs Tbosadgurebis dRevadel tarifze gacilebiT maRal tarifs

(daaxloebiT 60 US$/mgvtsT). mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom eleqtroenergiis

importze arsebuli fasebi aris 35 US$/mgvtsT rigis, da mTeli

energosistemis saoperacio xarjebis minimizaciis mizans mivyavarT arsebuli

Tbosadgurebis monawileobis minimumamde dayvanas da maT Secvlas

eleqtorenergiis importiT.

saqarTvelo mdidaria potencialuri hidroenergiis resursebiT. saqarTvelos

teritoriaze registrirebulia 26,000 mdinare. sruli sigrZe daaxloebiT

60,000km-ia. amJamad mdinareTa ekonomikuri potencialis mxolod 25%-ia

aTvisebuli; sruli energiis potenciali aRemateba 80tvtsT, xolo

ekonomikuri potencialia daaxloebiT 27tvtsT.

amJamad hidrosadgurebi iZlevian mTeli gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis 70%.

hidrosadgurebis saSualo generacia saqarTveloSi aris 6tvtsT. saqarTvelos

teritoriis mdinareebze 60 hidrosadguria aSenebuli.

mZlavri hidroenergiis resursebis arseboba ganpirobebulia qveynis mTiani

reliefiT. wylis nakadebi moemarTebian kavkasionis mTebidan da mcire

kavkasionis mTebidan da mokle manZilebze mkveTri dacemis gamo qmnian wylis

uzarmazar potencials. es gansakuTrebiT exeba dasavleT saqarTvelos.

saqarTveloSi udidesi hidrosadguri aris enguri, romelic iZleva

saqarTvelos mTliani energogeneraciis daaxloebiT 44%. 270m simaRlis

enguris kaSxali udidesi TaRisebri kaSxalia msoflioSi.

generaciis gazrdis dagegmvaSi gamoyenebuli arsebuli hidrosadgurebis

ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia cxrilSi 3.4.

cxrili 3-4. saqarTvelos hidrosadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

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35

# hidrosadguri

dadgmuli

simZlavre

mgvt

saangariSo

generacia

gvtsT

1 enguri HPP 1300 3165 2 varcixe HPP 184 7643 vardnili HPP 340 4444 Jinvali HPP 130 4405 rioni HPP 48 2796 xrami 2 HPP 110 3017 xrami 1 HPP 112 2228 lajanuri HPP 112 2749 gumaTi HPP 66 233

10 zahesi HPP 37 17011 Zevrula HPP 45 13012 Saori HPP 38 11813 xadori HPP 24 13414 sxva 134 455

wina periodi moxmarda arsebuli hidrosadgurebis reabilitacias. msoflio

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, arsebuli hidrosadgurebis reabilitacia,

ekonomiuria da saukeTeso investiciaa. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi es kidev ufro

xazgasasmelia. araadeqvaturi saremonto samuSaoebis didi periodis gamo bevri

hidrosadguri gamouyenebadi an nawilobriv gamouyenebadi gaxda. arsebuli

hidrosadgurebis reabilitacia yvelaze sasurvelia agreTve garemosdacviTi

kuTxiTac, radganac es sadgurebi iyeneben farTs, romelic ukve gamoyenebuli

iyo, mosaxleobis axali gadasaxlebebis gareSe. amitomaa rom reabilitacia

aris saukeTeso socialuri, ekonomikuri da garemosdacviTi iurisdiqcia.

hidrosadgurebis reabilitacia agreTve moicavs yvela im struqturis da

sistemis reabilitacias, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo garemosdacvis mizniT da

ekosistemebis aRdgenis mizniT.

kvlevaSi mxedvelobaSi iyo miRebuli arsebuli hidrosadgurebis

reabilitaciis efeqtebi.

im analizisaTvis, romelic Catarda WASP modelis gamoyenebiT, konsultantma

gamoiyena arsebuli hidrosadgurebis Tviuri generaciis monacemebi

gadmocemuli saministros mier, im daSvebiT, rom es monacemebi Seesabameba

arsebuli hidrosadgurebis mosalodnel generacias saSualo hidrologiur

mdgomareobaSi. es Tviuri generaciis monacemebi moicavs gaumjobesebis efeqts,

gamowveuls sareabilitacio saqmoanobiT, romelic cota xnis wins Catarda da

Catardeba uaxloes momavalSi arsebul hidrosadgurebze. es monacemebi

gvaZleven arsebul hidrosagurebze wliuri generaciis cota gansxvavebul

suraTs 2007-2017 wlebSi, rogorc mocemulia cxrilSi 3.5.

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36

im faqtis gamo, rom momaval dagegmvis periodSi energosistemis operirebis

rTulma simulaciam unda moicvas sxvadasxva hidrologiuri mdgomareobebi,

konsultantma Seafasa arsebuli hidrosadgurebis SesaZlo generaciebis

fluqtuaciebi mdinare enguris bunebrivi nakadebze arsebuli monacemebis

safuZvelze, enguris kaSxlis mdebareobis adgilas 1929-1981 da 1999-2003

wlebSi da engurhesis generacia.

cxrili 3.5. arsebuli hidrosadgurebis generacia saSualo hidrologiur

pirobebSi

wlebi

saSualo generacia

gvtsT

2007 6976 2008 7380 2009 7510 2010 7520 2011 7638 2012 7608 2013 7679 2014 7715 2015 7795 2016 7836 2017 7878 2018 7878 2019 7878 2020 7878 2021 7878

mdinare enguris bunebrivi nakadis Camonadenis Tviuri ganawileba yvelaze mSral

(1969) da yvelaze naleqian (1941) wlebSi da agreTve saSualo naleqian wlebSi

mocemulia naxazze 3.11. am naxazidan cans, rom wyalmovardnebi koncentrirebulia

mais-agvistos periodze, ufro cota wyali modis wlis sxva dros, xolo minimumi

emTxveva dekemberi-Tebervali periods.

:

37

0

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Nat

ural

dis

char

ge (m

3/s)

Minimum Maximum Average

naxazi 3-11 mdinare enguris bunebrivi Camonadenis Tviuri ganawileba

Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze dadginda, rom bunebrivi Camonadenis Tviuri

ganawileba daaxloebiT erTidaigive models mihyveba hidrologiuri mdgomareobis

miuxedavad, rac Cans naxazidan 3-12.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Qm

onth

/Qan

nual

(%)

Minimum Maximum Average

naxazi 3-12 bunebrivi Camonadenis Tviuri ganawileba

im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom engurhesis Tviuri generacia misdevs bunebrivi

Camonadenis Tviur ganawilebas (ix. suraTi 3-13) konsultantma dauSva, rom

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38

engurhesis wliuri SesaZlo generaciis ganawileba Tveebad erTidaigivea yvela

hidrologiur pirobebSi, magram sxvadasxvaa sxvadasxva hidrologiur pirobebSi.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Months

Mon

thly

dis

trib

utio

n(%

)

Generation Natural inflow

naxazi 3-13 engurhesis wliuri generaciis da bunebrivi Camonadenis Tviuri

ganawileba.

engurhesis wliuri generaciis doneebi, romlebic mosalodnelia mSrali da

naleqiani hidrologiuri mdgomareobebis dros gamoTvlilia warsuli mudmivi

periodebis bunebrivi Camonadenebis statistikuri analizis safuZvelze, mSral

mdgomareobaze yuradrebis gamaxvilebiT, imis gamo rom yvelaze kritikuli

mdgomareoba eleqtroenergiis miwodebaSi mosalodnelia mSrali hidrologiuri

mdgomareobis dros.

konsultantma gamoiTvala, rom mSrali wlebi 10%-iani xdomilebis albaTobiT

arian wlebi, roca wliuri Camonadeni saSualo mudmivi Camonadenis daaxloebiT

76%-ia. es Sefardeba gamoyenebuli iqna SesaZlo generaciis gansazRvrisaTvis

arsebul (da axal) hidrosadgurebze mSral hidrologiur pirobebSi 10%-iani

xdomilebis albaTobiT.

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom wyali, romelic moedineba naleqian

hidrologiur pirobebSi, SeiZleba srulad ar iyos gamoyenebuli energiis

generaciisaTvis (rezervuaris SezRudvebis da sadgurSi meqanikuri mowyobilobebis

SezRudulobis gamo), konsultantma dauSva, rom Tundac naleqian hidrologiur

pirobebSi, sadguris generacia iqneba igive, rac saSualo hidrologiur pirobebSi.

:

39

yvela zemoTTqmulis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, aseve imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

engurhesis generacia warmoadgens saqarTvelos hidrosadgurebis generaciis

mniSvnelovan nawils da saqarTveloSi yvela mdinares aqvs Camodinebis igive Tviuri

ganawileba rac engurs, konsultantma gamoiyena Semdegi albaTobebi sxvadasxva

hidrologiuri mdgomareobebisaTvis:

saSualo hidrologiuri mdgomareobis xdomilebis albaToba aris 90%

mSrali hidrologiuri mdgomareobis xdomilebis albaToba aris 10%

naleqiani hidrologiuri mdgomareobis xdomilebis albaToba aris 0%

mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli, rom Tviuri generacia yvela arsebuli

hidrosadgurisaTvis (informacia mowodebulia energetikis saministros mier)

asaxavs SesaZlo generacias saSualo hidrologiur pirobebSi.

adre gansazRvruli daSvebebis safuZvelze, konsultantma daagenerira monacemebi

arsebuli hidrosadgurebis SesaZlo generaciebisaTvis yoveli wlisTvis 2007-2017

periodSi, im daSvebiT, rom 2017 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelos arsebuli

hidrosadgurebis generacia igive iqneba, rac 2017 wels. es monacemebi mocemulia

naxazze 3.5, xolo 2017 wlis Tviuri generacia saSualo da mSrali

hidrologiuri pirobebis dros mocemulia naxazze 3-14.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mon

thly

gen

erat

ion

(GW

h)

Aver Dry

naxazi 3-14 2017 wlis Tviuri generacia

:

40

4. momavali moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze da

energiaze

momavalSi energiaze da eleqroenergiaze moTxovnilebis prognozirebis mizniT

gamoyenebul iqna ori meTodi:

zemodan-qvemoT meTodi, romelic dafuZnebulia demografiul da

makroekonomikur ganviTarebisa, gamoxatuli mTliani Sida produqtis (mSp

erT sul mosaxleze) saxiT, da energiisa da eleqtroenergiis Sefasebuli

moxmarebis (tona navTobis eqvivalenti (toe) erT sulze, kvtsT erT sulze,

energiis intensivoba), urTierTkavSirze; es meTodi gvTavazobs am kavSiris

momavalSi kidev ufro gaZlierebas (elastiuroba); da

detaluri seqtorebis doneze qvemodan-zeviT analizi, romelic fokusirebas

axdens seqtoris SefasebiT zrdaze, energiis moTxovnilebaze da

eleqtroenergiis wilze srul moTxovnil energiaSi.

zemodan-qvemoT meTodi farTod gamoiyeneba maSin, roca seqtoris Sesaxeb

statistika da ganviTarebis gegmebi ar

moipoveba. Tumca, zemodan-qvemoT meTodi

moiTxovs makro-ekonomikis politikis

gansazRvras.

energiaze adreuli periodebis

prognozebis Sedegebi da eleqtroenergiis

moxmareba gamoiyeneba am analizSi

wamoyenebuli prognozirebis meTodis

sisworis Sesamowmeblad.

Tumca, cota xnis winaT saqarTvelom

miiRo axali energetikuli politika14,15,16

da kanonmdebloba17, Seiqmna mravali

Rirebuli strategiuli dokumenti iseTi

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebiT,

rogoricaa USAID18,19, KfW20 and OECD21da

nacionaluri oficialuri statistikuri monacemebi miesadaga saerTaSoriso

14eleqtroenergiis generaciis da moxmarebis prognozi 2017 wlamde. bunebrivi airis

moxmarebis prognozi 2015 wlamde, saqarTvelos energetikis saministro, 200615saqarTvelos parlamentis rezolucia saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos energoseqtorSi, saqarTvelos parlamenti, 9 ivnisi, 2006 16saqarTvelos energoseqtoris samoqmedo gegma 2005-2008

17saqarTvelos kanoni eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi airis Sesaxeb, Sesworebulia 2005

18 Energy balance of the power sector of Georgia, Part 1: Analyses and proposals, and Part 2: Balances from 1960 to 2006, USAID, August 31, 2006 19 Natural gas strategy for Georgia, Part 1: Analyses and proposals, and Part 2: Economic and geopolitical context, USAID, May 6, 2006 20 Regional Power Transmission Extension Plan for Caucasus Countries 21 Debt-for-Environment Swap in Georgia: Potential Project pipelines for the Expenditure Programme, OECD, 2004

saqarTvelos winaSe mravali seriozuli

problema idga 1990 wlidan dawyebuli,

ramac gamoiwvia ekonomikis Zler dacema,

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da kidec gaCerda

zogierTi samrewvelo dargebis muSaoba,

moxda ekonomikis restruqturizacia,

Semcirda energiaze moTxovnileba,

arastabiluri da arasakmarisi gaxda

eleqtroenergiis mowodeba. sabazro

ekonomikaze am gadasvlas Tan axlda sxva

problemebic, ramac energiis moxmarebis

warsuli indikatorebi da tendenciebi

naklebad gamoyenebadi gaxada momavlis

prognozirebisaTvis. es ar aris marto

saqarTvelosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, aramed

zogadia yvela gardamavali ekonmikis

SemTxvevaSi.

:

41

standartebs. am kvlevebSi mocemulia energiis moxmarebis da warmoebis istoriuli

tendenciebi, riTac Seqmnilia gacilebiT saimedo sainformacio baza momavali

prognozebisaTvis da kvelevebi iZleva miTiTebebs momavalSi energiis moxmarebis

sxvadasxva scenarebis Sesaxeb.

moTxovnilebis menejmenti/energiis dazogva

TiToeuli seqtorisaTvis mTliani energiis mommarebis prognozireba ar Sedis am

kvlevis moculobaSi. Tumca, eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis prognozireba Znelad

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, sxva energiis matareblebze moTxovnilebis prognozorebis

mxedvelobaSi miRebis gareSe, rogoricaa magaliTad eleqtroenergiis Canacvleba

bunebrivi airiT saWmlis momzadebisTvis, wylis gasacxeleblad da gaTbobisaTvis,

an SeSis Canacvleba eleqtroenergiiT gaTbobis mizniT (raTqmaunda

rekomendirebuli ar aris, magram adgili aqvs garkveul viTarebebSi), da sxva.

energiis dazogvis da moTxovnilebis marTvis efeqtebi unda gaanalizdes mTeli

energiis moxmarebis konteqstSi da ara mxolod eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rac ar warmoadgens am kvlevis sagans. energoefeqturobis

RonisZiebani (quCebis ganaTeba, wylis momaragebis sistemebi, saxlis

eleqtromowyobilobani, ...) ar warmoadgens am kvlevis sagans. aseve mniSvnelovania

aRiniSnos, rom sxva, eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebis msgavs faqtorebs ar aqvT

ufro mniSvnelovani zegavlena eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebaze, vidre

energoefeqturobis zomebs. energiaze yovelmxrivi moTxovnilebis, energiis

menejmentis an energiis grZelvadiani ganviTarebis kvlevebis naklebobis gamo

arsebuli seqtoris energoefeqturobis Sefaseba da energodazogvis mizniT

dasanergi zomebis Sesaxeb rekomendaciebi mxolod zogadi iqneba. Tumca, energiis

(efeqturobis) mravalmxrivi kvlevebis Catarebis saWiroeba cxadia da Cven

rekomendacia vuwevT mis momzadebas.

am kvlevis miznisavis kritikulad iqna ganxiluli arsebuli pronozebi mTlian

pirveladi energis wyaroze, bunebriv airze, navTobze, qvanaxSirze, SeSaze da aseve

eleqtroenergiaze, da Catarda momavali moTxovnilebebis Seswavla

eleqtrosimZlavrebsa da eleqtroenergiaze.

4.1. 2005 wlamde ganviTareba

energiis moxmarebis cvlilebis mamoZravebeli Zalebia demografiuli ganviTareba,

ekonomikuri ganviTareba gamoxatuli mTliani adgilobrivi produqtis saxiT,

ekonomikis stuqtura, eleqtoqselsa da gazis ganawilebis qselTan kavSiri,

tarifebi energomatareblebze da sxva. zogierTi es mamoZravebeli Zala ganxiluli

iqneba qvemoT.

mosaxleoba

:

42

1991 – 2005ww. periodSi centraluri

xelisuflebis mier kontrolirebad

teritoriebze mosaxleobis odenoba 14

weliwadSi Semcirda 5.4 milionidan 4.3

milionamde, kerZod 1.1 milioniT (sawyisi

raodenobis 20%)

mosaxleobis raodenoba saarTveloSi mcirdeboda 1989 wlidan. ori teritoria

(afxazTis avtonomiuri respublika da samxreT oseTis yofili avtonomiuri olqi)

amJamad ar kontroldeba centraluri xelisuflebis mier (1993 wlidan).

mosaxleobis zrdis suraTi mocemulia naxazze 4-1 orive SemTxvevisaTvis – iq

sadac centraluri mmarTveloba xorcieldeba da saqarTvelos mTeli

mosaxleobisaTvis.

mosaxleobis matebis zoma 1898-2006 wlebSi iyo uaryofiTi (-0.90%), aseve

uaryofiTia mosaxleobis raodenobis

zrda teritoriebze, romelic

kontroldeba centrluri

xelisuflebis mier (-1.20%). orive

teritoriaze mosaxleobis zrdis

tendenciebi mocemlia naxazze 4-1.

samwuxarod, Zveli tendenciebis

eqstrapolacia ar SeiZleba iqnas

gamoyenebuli momavali ganviTarebisaTvis arc agreTve ar arsebobs momavalSi

mosaxleobis zrdis araviTari oficialuri prognozi.

mTliani Sida produqti

saqarTvelom ganicada ekonomikis Zlieri dacema igive periodSi. dacemis tempi

gansakuTrebiT maRali iyo 1990 wlebis dasawyisSi, miaRwia ra minimums 1993 wels.

1993 wlidan mTliani Sida poduqtis aRmavali tendencia aSkaraa. 2005 wels

mTlianma Sida produqtma miaRwia 1992 wlis maCveneblis 35%-s. Tumca, 2005 wels

mSp erT mosaxleze miaRwia 1992 wlis donis 40% (2800 dolari) (cxrili 4.1,

naxazi 4-2).

:

43

naxazi 4-1: mosaxleobis zrda saqarTveloSi 1989-2006 wlebi

cxrili 4-1: mosaxleoba da mSp-s zrda 1990-2005 wlebSi

weli mosaxleoba

aTasebSi

mosaxleobis

zrdis %

GDmSp

milioni

US$

mSp zrdis

%

mSp erT

mosaxleze

US$

mSp- %

zrda erT

mosaxleze

1990 ara ara

1991 5420.0 ara

1992 5440.0 0.4% 15252.0 2803.71993 5410.0 -0.6% 764.0 -95.0% 141.2 -95.0%1994 5380.0 -0.6% 823.0 7.7% 153.0 8.3%1995 5350.0 -0.6% 1897.0 130.5% 354.6 131.8%1996 5330.0 -0.4% 3046.0 60.6% 571.5 61.2%1997 4558.4 -14.5% 3573.0 17.3% 783.8 37.2%1998 4504.9 -1.2% 3620.0 1.3% 803.6 2.5%1999 4469.8 -0.8% 2803.0 -22.6% 627.1 -22.0%

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 1989-2006

centr. mTavroba = 5.5028x 2 - 177.34x + 5764.7R2 = 0.9241

sul = 0.662x3 - 16.017x2 + 29.878x + 5448.9R2 = 0.9759

4000

4200

4400

4600

4800

5000

5200

5400

5600

5800

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

centr. mTavroba sul Poly. (centr. mTavroba)

Poly. (sul)

:

44

2000 4435.2 -0.8% 3042.0 8.5% 685.9 9.4%2001 4401.4 -0.8% 3201.0 5.2% 727.3 6.0%2002 4371.5 -0.7% 3292.0 2.8% 753.1 3.5%2003 4342.6 -0.7% 3984.0 21.0% 917.4 21.8%2004 4315.2 -0.6% 4453.0 11.8% 1031.9 12.5%2005 4321.5 0.1% 4809.2 8.0% 1112.9

naxazi 4-2: mosaxleoba da mTliani Sida produqti

eleqtrogeneracia da moxmareba

saqarTvelo yovelTvis iyo eleqtroenergiis importiori qveyana da ar hqonda

saSualeba daekmayofilebina eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnileba sakuTari generaciis

xarjze (cxrili 4.2). mTlian mowodebaSi importis wili 1990 wels iyo 18% da

2005 wels es wili TiTqmis igive iyo (15%). Tumca, amJamad eleqtrogeneracia da

moxmarebac orjer naklebia vidre 1990 wels.

cxrili 4.2: eleqtroenergiis balansebi saqarTveloSi 1990-2002 wlebSi

weli importi eqsporti

generaciis

qselSi

miwodeba

qselSi

sruli

miwodeba

danakargeb

i moxmareba

1990 4373.6 1169.0 14246.0 17450.6 2643.6 14807.01991 2558.1 837.2 12372.1 14093.0 1860.5 12232.61992 1046.5 34.9 13279.1 14290.7 2790.7 11500.01993 1139.5 430.2 9988.4 10697.7 2674.4 8023.31994 848.8 46.5 6860.5 7662.8 2314.0 5348.8

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1990 19911992 1993 19941995 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

US$

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

US$

mosaxleoba aTasi mSp sabazro fasiT, mln US$ mSp sulze US$

:

45

1995 814.0 139.5 6930.2 7604.7 1907.0 5697.71996 558.1 430.2 7314.0 7441.9 732.6 6709.31997 616.3 279.1 7151.2 7488.4 883.7 6604.71998 418.6 511.6 8081.4 7988.4 1081.4 6907.01999 430.2 383.7 8069.8 8116.3 1093.0 7023.32000 616.3 209.3 7441.9 7848.8 976.7 6872.12001 883.7 523.3 6941.9 7302.3 1116.3 6186.02002 825.6 244.2 7255.8 7837.2 1081.4 6755.82003 848.8 104.7 7162.8 7907.0 1058.1 6848.82004 1209.3 0.0 6697.7 7907.0 918.6 6988.42005 1395.3 116.3 7104.7 8383.7 976.7 7407.0

Electricity consumption & population index, and el. consumption (kWh/pc)

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Inde

x (1

990=

Inde

x 10

0)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

kWhe

pc

Electricity consumption index (1990=100) Population index (1990=100)

Electricity consumption per head, kWh/year

naxazi 4-3: eleqtroenergiis sruli da erT sul mosaxleze (per capita) moxmareba da mosaxleobis odenoba (1990=indeqsi 100)

eleqtroenergiis moxmareba seqtorebis mixedviT 1970-2005 wlebSi

seqtorebis mixedviT eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura mocemulia cxrilSi

4.3 da naxazebze 4-4 da 4-5. saqarTvelo eleqtroenergiis wminda eqsportiori iyo

mxolod 1980 wlamde da Semdgom gaxda wminda importiori qveyana.

eleqtroenergiis danakargebi 1990 wlamde iyo 15%, rac tipiuri iyo im

droisaTvis. 1990-ian wlebSi danakargebi sagrZnoblad gaizarda da miaRwia 25%-s.

Tumca, es danakargebi moicavda eleqtrosistemis teqnikur da arateqnikur

danakargebs.

cxrili 4.3: miwodebisa da moxmarebis struqtura seqtorebis mixedviT

1970-2005 wlebSi (gvtsT)

:

46

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005sruli

generacia

8964.2 11603.4 14687.0 14421.3 14246.0 6930.2 7441.9 7104.7

wminda

importi/eqsporti

-49.1 -169.0 -743.6 2336.4 3204.6 674.4 407.0 1279.1

qselSi sruli

miwodeba

8915.1 11434.4 13943.4 16757.7 17450.6 7604.7 7848.8 8383.7

danakargebi 1321.6 1656.0 2245.7 2494.6 2643.6 1907.0 976.7 976.7danakargebis

wili %

14.82% 14.48% 16.11% 14.89% 15.15% 25.08% 12.44% 11.65%

sruli moxmareba 7593.5 9778.4 11697.7 14263.1 14807.0 5697.7 6872.1 7407.0mrewveloba 4831.0 6058.4 6895.7 8278.2 8054.4 1046.5 930.2 1220.9

sofl. meurneoba 437.1 602.0 1108.1 1447.1 2114.3 337.2 418.6 325.6transporti 587.0 756.0 818.8 1046.9 1040.1 430.2 488.4 593.0mosaxleoba 885.4 1333.0 1769.9 2222.8 2315.1 2604.7 4534.9 4895.3

sxva 853.0 1029.0 1105.2 1268.1 1283.1 1279.1 500.0 372.2

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebas zrdas dadebiTi tendencia aqvs 1970 wlidan 1990

wlamde; Semdgom 1990 wlis dasawyisSi Semcirda 50%-iT da isev nela izrdeba

(naxazi 4.4)

naxazi 4-4: eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura seqtorebis

mixedviT 1970-2005 wlebSi

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

100001100012000130001400015000160001700018000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebasaqarTveloSi (gvtsT))

danakargi

sxva

mosaxl.

transp.

sof.meur.

mrewveloba

:

47

naxazi 4-5: seqtorebis wili eleqtroenergiis mTlian moxmarebaSi

1990-ani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi moxmarebis struqtura dramatulad Seicvala.

1990 wlamde eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSi mrewveloba dominirebda, xolo

mosaxleobis wili mxolod 15% iyo. Semdgom ekonomiuri kolafsis damo situacia

mTlianad Seicvala, warmoebis Semcirebisa da da mrewvelobis zogierTi dargis

srulad gaCerebis gamo. navTobproduqtebis da bunebrivi airis importi ufro

Zviri gaxda da mosaxleoba, mrewvelobac ki, sxva sawvavidan gadaerTo

eleqtroenergiaze. aman gamoiwvia moxmarebis struqturis cvlileba da amJamad

mosaxleobis wili 58%-ia. eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura wlidan wlamde

mocemulia 4-6 naxazze da 4.4 cxrilSi.

naxazi 4-6: eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura 1991-2005 wlebSi

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura (%)

sxva

mosaxleoba

transporti

sof.meurn.

mrewveloba

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

mrewveloba transportit sofl. meurneoba

sax/mosax. momsaxureoba mosaxleoba energiis ar-momxmarebeli

sxva momxmarebeli

:

44

cxrili 4.4: eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis struqtura seqtorebis mixedviT 1991-2005 wlebSi

sxva seqtorebi

weli

sruli

moxmareba

mrewveloba

transporti

sul sxva

seqtorebi

soflis

meurneoba

saxelmwifo

da

mosaxleobis

servisebi

mosaxleoba

energiis ar-

momxmarebeli

sxva

momxmareblebi

1991

1223

2.6

4488

.481

4.0

6930

.272

0.9

1604

.744

76.7

0.0

127.

919

9211

500.

0 37

20.9

616.

371

62.8

1453

.520

34.9

3255

.80.

041

8.6

1993

8023

.3

2151

.260

4.7

5267

.493

0.2

686.

030

00.0

348.

830

2.3

1994

5348

.8

1395

.358

1.4

3372

.134

8.8

465.

125

58.1

0.0

0.0

1995

5697

.7

1046

.543

0.2

4220

.933

7.2

1162

.826

04.7

0.0

116.

319

9667

09.3

97

6.7

430.

253

02.3

383.

727

9.1

4162

.80.

047

6.7

1997

6604

.7

883.

745

3.5

5267

.439

5.3

302.

341

27.9

0.0

441.

919

9869

07.0

88

3.7

476.

755

46.5

418.

634

8.8

4360

.50.

041

8.6

1999

7023

.3

918.

651

1.6

5593

.039

5.3

360.

543

72.1

0.0

465.

120

0068

72.1

93

0.2

488.

454

53.5

418.

630

2.3

4534

.90.

019

7.7

2001

6186

.0

1023

.350

0.0

4662

.824

4.2

162.

841

86.0

0.0

69.8

2002

6755

.8

1104

.754

6.5

5104

.725

5.8

186.

045

69.8

0.0

93.0

2003

6848

.8

1127

.953

4.9

5186

.027

9.1

197.

746

04.7

0.0

104.

720

0469

88.4

11

51.2

569.

852

67.4

290.

722

0.9

4639

.50.

011

6.3

2005

7407

.0

1220

.959

3.0

5593

.032

5.6

232.

648

95.3

0.0

139.

5

:

45

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis zrdis Sefardeba mSp-s zrdasTan (elastiuroba)

mocemulia naxazze 4-7. cxadia, rom ar arsebobs tendencia da es monacemebi ver

gamodgeba eleqtromoxmarebis prognozirebis mizniT.

naxazi 4-7: mSp-s elastiuroba da eleqtroenergiis moxmareba

4.2. samomavlo ganviTarebis prognozi

mosaxleoba

Znelia gansWvrito mosaxleobis momavali zrda, gansakuTrebiT ki kvlevis mTel

periodze (2021weli). ekonomiur zrdasTan erTad, rac cxadia uaxloes warsulSi,

migraciis tendenciam SeiZleba Seicvalos mimarTuleba, kerZod wminda gadinebis

migraciis nacvlad SeiZleba adgili hqondes wminda Semodinebis migracias.

ararealisturad Cans, rom mTeli emigrirebuli mosaxleoba ukan dabrundeba

sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo. Tu mTeli ojaxi wavida emigraciaSi sakmao xnis win, maT

albaT unda mogvarebuli hqondeT mowyobasa da samuSaosTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi. am kvlevis miznebisaTvis gakeTda mosaxleobis odenobis bunebrivi

gazrdis (naxazi 4-8) da wminda migraciis (naxazi 4-9) prognozebi.

elastiuroba (eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis zoma/mSp zoma)

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

:

46

naxazi 4-8: bunebrivi zrdis prognozi

naxazi 4-9: wminda migraciis prognozi

mSp-s zrda

arsebobs mTliani Sida produqtis mravalmxrivi zrdis prognozi22 2005-2015

periodSi. optimistur scenarSi wliuri realuri mSp-s zrdis tempi 4.5%-ia 2001

wels, 5.4% - 2002 wels, 5% - 2003 wels, da 6% - 2004 wels. SefasebiTi

realuri mSp-s zrdis tempi 2007-2009 wlebSi aris 7% da 8% - 2010-2015

wlebSi (naxazi 4-10). arsebobs agreTve pesimisturi scenari, romelSic relauri

mSp zrdis tempi stabiluri rCeba 5%-is doneze mTeli 2006-2015 wlebSi.

22bunebrivi airis strategia saqarTveloSi, nawili 1: analizi da winadadebebi, da nawili 2:

ekonomikuri da geopolitikuri konteqsti, USAID, May 6, 2006

bunebrivi zrda – warsuli da momavali, aTasi

y = 0.0005x 4 - 0.0352x 3 + 0.9957x 2 - 11.844x + 49.646R2 = 0.885

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

aTasi

bunebrivi zrda/kleba Poly. (bunebrivi zrda/kleba

)

wminda migracia – warsuli da momavali, aTasi

y = 0.0202x3 - 1.3686x2 + 29.109x - 174.47R2 = 0.8836

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

aTasi

migrir. Poly. (migrireb)

:

47

Real GDP growth forecast

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1600020

01

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Rea

l GD

P, m

ln U

S$

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Rea

l GD

P pc

, US$

Real GDP, mln US$ Real GDP pc growth, US$

naxazi 4-10: mSp-s zrdis prognozi

es kvleva moicavs periods romlis

dasasrulia 2021 weli da realuri mSp-s

zrdis tempi gamoyenebuli iyo amave

periodze (2021 wlamde). grZelvadian

periodSi realuri 8 % iani mSp-s zrdis

tempi Zalian maRalia da msoflio gamocdilebis mixedviT mxolod erTeuli qveynis

ekonomikas SeuZlia stabilurad mSp-s zrdis aseTi maRali tempis SenarCuneba

(CineTi, taivani, koreis respublika). ufro realisturad Cans rom 10 wliani

Zalian dinamikuri ekonomikuri zrdis Semdeg mSp-s zrdis done unda Semcirdes.

zrdis SefasebiTi sidide 2016-2020 da 2021 wlisaTvis Sesabamisad 6% da 5% - a.

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Tu ekonomika ganviTardeba aseTi optimisturi scenariT

2021 wels igi miaRwevs 1991 wlis dones.

zemodan-qvemoT meTodi pirveladi energiis moxmarebis prognozirebisaTvis

energointensivoba, romelic mTlian pirvelad energiis (TPES) moxmarebasa da

mTlian Sida produqts (mSp) Soris damokidebulebas asaxavs Cveulebriv gamoisaxeba

tona navTobis eqvivalentSi (toe) mSp-s yovel 1000 US$-ze. igi xSirad gamoiyeneba ganviTarebis SefasebisaTvis.

energointensivoba yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva qveynebisTvis farTo

SualedSi icvleba. samrewvelo qveynebi ganviTarebuli mZime mrewvelobiT,

romlebic warmoadgenen wminda pirveladi energiis eqsportiorebs, rogoricaa

ruseTi (2.9 toe/1000US$ 2002 wels), belorusia (1.73), yazaxeTi (2.0), azerbaijani

(1.73), uzbekeTi (3.35), ukraina (3.37) 3-4-jer maRali energointensivoba hqondaT

vidre wminda pirveladi energiis importiorebs, rogoricaa somxeTi (0.74),

estoneTi (0.75), saqarTvelo (0,73), litva (0,63) da Llatvia (0,46). meore jgufi

ufro gardamavali ekonomikis mqone balkaneTis qveynebis msgavsia (0.8-1.2

realuri mSp-s saSualo zrdis tempi

2005-2020 wlebSi ufro realisturi

SefasebiT iqneba 7%

:

48

toe/1000US$). informaciisaTvis asaRniSnavia rom, energointensivoba imave wlisTvis

germaniaSi iyo 0.12, safrangeTSi 0.12, espaneTSi 0.18, sloveniaSi 0.28 da ungreTSi

0.46.

momavali energointensivobis prognozi damokidebulia mraval faqtorze, romlebic

gavlenas axdenen energointensivobaze. IEA winaswarmetyvelebs energointensivobis

Semcirebas ganviTarebul sabazro ekonomikaSi (gacilebiT naklebi), da zrdas

gardamaval ekonomikebSi. energointensivoba gardamaval ekonomikaSi SeiZleba

wliurad Semcirdes -3.3%-iT 2005-2010 wlebSi, -1.8%-iT 2011-2020 wlebSi da -

1.4%-iT 2021 wels. msgavsi midgomis gamoyenebiT 200623 wels saqarTveloSi

gakeTda pirveladi energiis wyaros gamoyenebis prognozi. energointensivoba

saqarTveloSi unda Semcirdes 0.78-dan 2002 wels 0.54-mde 2005 wels, 0.45 –

2010 wels, 0.4 – 2015 wels da 0.35 – 2021 wels. mocemuli periodis bolos

saqarTvelos energointensivoba orjer ufro maRali unda iyos vidre

ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikebSi, maSin roca 2002 wels is 4-jer maRali iyo.

pirveladi energiis wyaros gamoyeneba gasazRvrulia 2006-2020 wlebisTvis. (naxazi

4-11). mocemul scenarSi pirveladi energiis wyaros gamoyeneba gaizrdeboda 4.3Mtoe -dan 7.79 Mtoe-mde 2020 wels saSualo wliuri zrdis doniT 3.8% - 2005-

2020 periodSi.

da bolos, progozebi pirveladi energiis wyaros, realuri mSp-s, mosaxleobis da

aseve mSp da pirveladi energiis mniSvnelobebis erT sul mosaxleze – Sejamebulia

4.5 cxrilSi. mosaxleobis raodenoba mosalodnelia rom unda gaizardos saSualo

wliuri zrdis doniT 0.5%, rac migviyvans 4.7 milion adamianamde 2021 wels.

realuri mSp gaizrdeba saSualod 7%-iT da miaRwevs 14.4 miliard aSS dollars

2021 wels. mTliani pirveladi energiis moxmareba gaizrdeba 3.8%-iT da miaRwevs

8.09 Mtoe 2021 wels.

sainteresoa agreTve Semdegi indikatorebi; mTliani pirveladi energia erT sul

mosaxleze miaRwevs 1.72 toe, romelic daaxoebiTd orjer naklebi iqneba vidre EU-15 analogiuri sididze amave droisaTvis. mSp erT sul mosaxleze mTlianad

aRdgeba 1991 wlis doneze. magram energointensivoba Semcirdeba 3.3%-iT da

miaRwevs 0.562. energointensivoba kvlavindebulad maRali darCeba.

siRaribis Semcirebis programis realur scenaris mixedviT mTliani pirveladi

energiis moxmareba gacilebiT ufor nela gaizrdeba - daaxloebiT saSualod 2%-

iT. mTliani pirveladi energiis moxmarebam erT sul mosaxleze unda miaRwios

mxolod 1.29 toe, romelic 3-jer naklebia vidre EU-15 qveynebis dRevandel

monacemze. energointensivoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba – saSualod 4.7%-iT da

miaRwevs 0.42 toe 1000 US$-ze. miuxedavad amisa, igi mainc orjer maRali iqneba

vidre ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis mosalodnel energointensivobze.

23 bunebrivi airis strategia saqarTvelosaTvis, nawili 1, analizi da winadadebani, USAID, 2006

:

49

naxazi 4-11. mTliani pirveladi energiis wyaros moxmarebis

prognozi 2020 wlamde

egreTwodebuli siRaribis daZlevis programis realisturi scenari zedmetad

ambiciuri Cans.

zemodan-qvemoT meTodi eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis prognozirebisaTvis.

TPES moxmarebis nawinaswarmetyvelebi scenari saqarTveloSi

4.3

7.79

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

miliardi toe

pesimisturi scenari realisturi scenari

optimisturi scenari SemoTavazebuli scenari

eleqtroenergiaze ZiriTadi moTxovnis prognozirebisaTvis mxedvelobaSi

viRebT mosaxleobis raodenobas, realistur mSp-s da mTliani pirveladi

energiis wyaros saprognozo monacemebs. agreTve parametrebis Semdeg

mniSvnelobebs vgulisxmobT:

mosaxleobis zrdis siswrafe 0.5%

realuri mSp-s zrda 7%

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnis elastiuroba mSp-s zrdasTan

mimarTebaSi 0.45%

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis saSualo zrdis done 2005-2020 wlebSi

unda iyos 3%. eleqtroenergiis mTliani danakargebi (gadacema da

ganawileba) igulisxmeba, rom 8% 2005-2014 wlebSi da 6% 2015-2021

wlebSi.

:

50

cxrili 4-5:

TPES

, realuri mSp da energointensivoba

SeTavazebuli scenari

realisturi siRaribis daZlevis programis scenari

weli

mosaxl

eoba

aTasi

realu

ri mSp

mln

$

realuri

mSp erT

sulze

$ TP

ES

-,

milioni

toe

TPES

sulze,

toe

Eenergointen

sivoba (E

I) (to

e/10

00U

S$)

TPE

S -,

milioni

toe

TPES

sulze,

toe

Eenergointensivob

a (E

I) (to

e/10

00U

S$)

2001

44

01.4

32

01

727

2002

43

71.5

31

53

721

2003

43

42.6

36

40

838

2004

43

15.2

38

75

898

2005

43

21.5

46

15

1068

4.

31.

000.

932

4.3

1.00

0.93

2006

44

01.3

49

38

1122

4.

571.

040.

925

4.35

0.

990.

8820

07

4430

.4

5284

11

93

4.85

1.09

0.91

84.

41

1.00

0.83

2008

44

40.5

56

54

1273

5.

121.

150.

906

4.46

1.

000.

7920

09

4452

.7

6049

13

59

5.4

1.21

0.89

34.

52

1.02

0.75

2010

44

65.9

67

81

1518

5.

671.

270.

836

4.57

1.

020.

6720

11

4481

.1

7323

16

34

5.9

1.32

0.80

64.

69

1.05

0.64

2012

44

98.1

79

09

1758

6.

131.

360.

775

4.81

1.

070.

6120

13

4516

.5

8542

18

91

6.36

1.41

0.74

54.

93

1.09

0.58

2014

45

38.9

92

25

2033

6.

591.

450.

714

5.06

1.

110.

5520

15

4565

.4

9964

21

82

6.81

1.49

0.68

35.

18

1.13

0.52

2016

45

92.6

10

761

2343

7.

011.

530.

651

5.20

1.

130.

4820

17

4620

.0

1140

6 24

69

7.2

1.56

0.63

15.

35

1.16

0.47

2018

46

47.0

12

091

2602

7.

41.

590.

612

5.52

1.

190.

4620

19

4671

.0

1281

6 27

44

7.6

1.63

0.59

35.

69

1.22

0.44

2020

46

90.5

13

585

2896

7.

791.

660.

573

5.89

1.

250.

4320

21

4706

.5

1440

0 30

60

8.09

1.72

0.56

26.

09

1.29

0.42

saSualo

2005

-202

0 0.

5%

7.0%

6.

8 3.

83.

3-3

.0%

2.0%

1.

5%-4

.7%

:

51

cxrili 4-6: eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis da energiis miwodebis


weli mosaxleoba

aTasi

realuri mSp,milioni US$

mSp erT

sulze, US$

eleqtoener

giaze

moTxovnile

ba gvtsT

eleqtroene

rgiis

sruli

danakargebi

gvtsT

qselSi

miwodebuli

sruli

eleqtroene

rgia gvtsT

2005 4321.5 4615.0 1067.9 7407.0 976.7 8383.72006 4401.3 4938.1 1122.0 7434.3 646.5 8080.82007 4430.4 5283.7 1192.6 7667.9 666.8 8334.62008 4440.5 5653.6 1273.2 7908.7 687.7 8596.42009 4452.7 6049.3 1358.6 8157.2 709.3 8866.52010 4465.9 6781.0 1518.4 8413.4 731.6 9145.02011 4481.1 7323.5 1634.3 8677.7 754.6 9432.32012 4498.1 7909.4 1758.4 8950.3 778.3 9728.62013 4516.5 8542.1 1891.3 9231.5 802.7 10034.22014 4538.9 9225.5 2032.5 9521.4 828.0 10349.42015 4565.4 9963.5 2182.4 9820.5 626.8 10447.42016 4592.6 10760.6 2343.0 10129.0 646.5 10775.62017 4620.0 11406.2 2468.9 10447.2 666.8 11114.12018 4647.0 12090.6 2601.8 10775.4 687.8 11463.22019 4671.0 12816.0 2743.7 11113.9 709.4 11823.32020 4690.5 13585.0 2896.3 11463.0 731.7 12194.72021 4706.5 14400.1 3059.6 11823.1 754.7 12577.82005-2020

zrda, % 0.5 7.0 6.4 3.1 -0.11% 2.78%

Sesabamisi indikatorebis SemuSavebis da eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis prognozi

aseve mocemulia naxazze 4-12

:

52

naxazi 4-12: eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis prognozi 2021 wlamde

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis SemoTavazebuli prognozis Sedareba sxva

arsebul prognozebTan.

arsebobs mravali saprognozo monacemi eleqtroenergize moTxovnilebis Sesaxeb,

romlebic miRebulia sxvadasxva kvlevebSi da aseve arsebobs saqarTvelos

energetikis saministros saprognozo monacemebi (naxazi 4-13). Isini,

cxadia,gansxvavdebian gamoyenebuli teqnikiT da meTodologiiT, drois periodiT

(ZiriTadad 2020 weli) da gakeTebuli daSvebebiT. isini prognozireben

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis zrdis sxvadasxva dones Sesabamisi periodisaTvis.

unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela es saprognozo monacemi SemuSavda sxvadasxva wlebSi.

Cans, rom gardamaval qveynebSi, romleTac miekuTvneba saqarTvelo, ganviTarebis

mokle periodisa da damatebiT arsebuli mravali ara-energetikuli da ara-

ekonomikuri problemis arsebobis gamo, prognozirebisas gakeTebul daSvebebi

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben.

miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi Sefasebuli ekonomikuri zrdis Sesabamisi moTxovnilebis

zrda eleqtroenergiaze da am moTxovnilebis Semcireba, 2001 wels, doqtorma

i.SeyrilaZem SeimuSava eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebis scenari, rogorc rigi

arawrfivi procesebis Sedegi, kerZod:

eleqtroenergiis safasuris amoRebis donis gaumjobeseba iwvevs

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis Semcirebas 40%-mde.

eleqtroenergiis prognozi 2021 wlamde

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

gvtsT

0.0

2000.0

4000.0

6000.0

8000.0

10000.0

12000.0

14000.0

16000.0

danakargebi gvtsT

moTxovna gvtsT

mSp erT sulze US$centraluri xelisuflebis kontolirebad teritoriis mosaxleoba, aTasi

realuri mSp, mln US$

:

53

eleqtroenergiis tarifis TandaTanobiT gazrda iwvevs moTxovnlebis

Semcirebas 10%-iT 2000 wlis donesTan SedarebiT.

bunebrivi airis miwodebis gafarToeba iwvevs eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis 30%-iT Semcirebas 2000 wlis donesTan SedarebiT.

gadacemis da ganawilebis danakargebis Semcireba iwvevs damatebiT 10%

dacemas.

Tumca yvela sam scenars (aRniSnulia naxazze 4-13, rogorc “ekonomikuri

faqtorebi”, “fasis variacia” da “energoefeqturoba”) mivyavarT eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis sxva ganxilul prognozebTan SedarebiT bevrad maRal maCveneblamde:

20,000 gvtsT-dan 25,000 gvtsT-mde 2020 wels. magram es iyo 2001 weli.

OECD-m daafinansa kvleva24 (2004), romelic Catarda 2004 wels da romlis

prognozi 2020 wels eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis Taobaze bevrad dabalia

wina sam scenarTan SedarebiT - kerZod,

daaxloebiT 16,000gvtsT

saqarTvelos energetikis saministrom

2006 wels SeimuSava eleqtroenegiaze

moTxovnilebis sakuTari prognozi da

Sedegad miiRo moTxovnilebis ufro

dabali maCvenebeli - daaxloebiT 11,000

gvtsT 2015 wels (Seswavlis periodis

horizonti). tendenciis martivi

eqstrapolacia iZleva eleqtroenergiis

moTxovnis mniSvnelobas 12,000gvtsT

2020 wels.

grZelvadiani efeqturobis prognozze

Zlier moqmedebs is mravali daSveba, romelTa gakeTeba aucilebelia gardamavali

qveynebisaTvis. amis garda, ekonomikuri zrda umetes SemTxvevaSi aracxadia da

arastabiluri. aseve, ekonomikis struqturuli cvlilebani da privatizacia

realur dabrkolebebs qmnian eleqtroenergiis da energiis moxmarebis

prognozirebisTvis mrewvelobis dargSi. mosaxleobis yofaqceva da reaqcia

arapopilarul zomebze, rogorc wesi, Zneladaa prognozirebadi.

24 Debt-for-Environment Swap in Georgia: Potential Project piplines for the Expenditure Programme, OECD, 2004

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom eleqtroenergiis

moTxovnilebis prognozi, SemuSavebuli am

kvlevis Sedegad, realisturia

dRevandeli TvalsazrisiT. Tumca,

rekomendebulia energiaze da

eleqtroenergaze moTxovnilebis

prognozirebis safuZvlebis ufro

detaluri gamokvleva, ise rogorc

progresis yoveldRiuri monitoringi,

raTa saWiro koreqtivebi droulad iqnas

Setanili. amisaTvis sagangebod

gamoyofili gundis mier yoveldRiuri

monitoringis gareSe korqtireba ar

moxdeba da SeiZleba warmoiSvas gadaxra

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis realur

zrdasa da prognozs Soris.

:

54

naxazi 4-13: eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis arsebuli prognozebi

2020 wlisaTvis (sxvadasxva wyaro)

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis maRali da dabali prognozi

pirveli daSveba mdgomarobs imaSi, rom eleqtroenergiis moxmareba SeiZleba

gaizardos saSualo wliuri nazardiT, romelic SemoTavazebul scenarSi odnav

meti iqneba mTliani pirveladi energiis wyaros zomaze (4%). eleqtroenergiis

zrda SeiZleba Semcirdes Tu gamoyenebuli iqneba energoefeqturobis zomebi, magram

es Zalian gaurkvevelia, radgan saqarTvelos mosaxleoba saSualo da dabal

donezea aRWurvili sayofacxovrebo eleqtroxelsawyoebiT. es niSnavs, rom

ekonomikuri zrdis pirobebSi, miuxedavad ufro efeqturi sayofacxovrebo

eleqtroxelsawyoebisa, eleqtroenergiis moxmareba mosaxleobaSi gaizrdeba

gamoyenebuli xelsawyoebis gamo. es sakmaod aracxadia, da amitom Cven aviReT

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis saSualo

donis yvelaze didi mniSvneloba 5%.

analogiurad, Cven aviReT

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis ufro mcire

zrda - 2,5%, romelic odnav metia

mTliani pirveladi energiis wyaros

zrdis tempze raluri scenaris

SemTxvevaSi siRaribis Semcirebis

programis farglebSi (2%).

ra Tqma unda, scenarebi da prognozebi

subieqturia ganmartebis Tanaxmad, magram Cven vfiqrobT, rom es gaanalizirebuli

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

gvtsT

OECD MoE ekonom. faqtor. fasis cvlil. energoefeqturoba

am kvlevis miznebisaTvis da generaciis

gafaroebis dagegmvisaTvis eleqtro-

energiaze moTxovnilebis sxvadasxva

prognozis SemTxvevaSi, moTxovnilebis

bazisur prognozis garda konsultantma

igulisxma eleqtroenergiaze da energiaze

moTxovnilebis udablesi da umaRlesi

SesaZlo zrda 2021 w. periodamde. es

daSvebebi dafuZnebuli iyo TPES prognozze, romelic saSualod meryebs

2%-dan 4%-mde 2005-2020 wlebSi.

:

55

scenarebi adqvaturia garemoebaTa gamo. Tumca aris parametrebi (mag., mosaxleobis

dabali zrda da potenciurad mSp-s ufro dabali zrda), romelTa Tanaxmad dabali

prognozi (2.5%) arasakmarisad dabalia, es parametrebi kontrbalansirdeba

mxedvelobaSi miRebuli SedarebiT dabali energointensivobiT.

4.3. moxovnilebis prognozi da eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

parametrebi

sabazo moTxovnilebis prognozi

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis prognozi ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zalaa generacis

simZlavris raodenobis dagemvaSi, romelic SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes

eleqtrosistemisaTvis momavalSi. am garemoebis mxedvelobaSi

miRebiT,gansakuTrebuli yuraReba mieqca saqarTvelos energosistemis

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSi mosalodneli momavali saWiroebebis saTanado

dadgenas.

zemoTaRwerili analizis safuZvelze, miRebuli sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozi

saqarTvelos energosistemisaTvis 2007-2021 wlebSi moaswavebs saSualo wliuri

zrdis dones - 3%. sruli moxmareba, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo rogorc sabaziso

moTxovnilebis prognozi, mocemulia cxrilSi 4.7

cxrili 4.7 saqarTvelos energosistema – sabaziso moTxovnilebis


weli

sruli gadacemis

danakargebis

CaTvliT wliuri zrdis done

(gvtsT) (%)

2007 8166 -2008 8415 3.062009 8673 3.062010 8938 3.062011 9212 3.062012 9494 3.062013 9784 3.062014 10084 3.062015 10392 3.062016 10710 3.062017 11038 3.062018 11336 2.70 2019 11642 2.70 2020 11957 2.70 2021 12279 2.70

:

56

generaciis gafarToebis Zalian detaluri dagegmvis analizis miznebisaTvis WASP programuli paketis gamoyenebiT miRebuli realuri saaTobrivi datvirTvebis bazaze

saqarTvelos energosistemaSi 2006 wels, konsultantma agreTve gaanaliza datvirTvis

maxasiaTeblebi. kerZod, konsultantma miiRo monacemebi ganxorcielebuli saaTobrivi

datvirTvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos eleqtrosistemebisagan. es monacemebi moicavs periods

2006 wlis 3 martidan 2007 wlis 20 maisamde, garkveuli wyvetebis CaTvliT:

ar aris monacemebis saaTobrivi datvirTvis Sesaxeb 2007 wlis 1 da 2 ianvars

gamotovebuli 2006 wlis 10,11 da 12 martis monacemebi

gamotovebuli 2006 wlis 24 aprilis 10 saaTis monacemebi, 1 da 18 oqtombris, 6,

14, da 14 noembris monacemebi

gamotovebulia saaTobrivi datvirTvis monacemebi 18 noembrida 30 noembramde

periodSi.

im mizniT, rom gansazRvruliyo sabaziso datvirTvis monacemebi, konsultantma uwyveti

8760 saaTis datvirTva 2006 wlisaTvis Semdegnairad gansazRvra:

saaTobrivi datvirTva 2007 wlis 1 da 2 ianvars CaiTvala 3 ianvris saaTobrivi

datvirTvis tolad.

2006 wlis ianvris, Tebervlis da 1, 2 martis datvirTvebad igive sidideebi iyo

aRebuli rac 2007 wlis ianvarSi, TebervalSi da 1, 2 marts.

2006 wlis 10, 11, 12 martis saaTobrivi datvirTvad aRebuli iyo igive

mniSvneloba, rac 2007 wlis 10, 11, 12 martis SemTxvevaSi.

2006 wlis 24 apilis, 1 da 18 oqtombris, 6, 14 da 17 noembris datvirTvebi

gautolda datvirTvebis saSualo mniSvnelobebs momdevno an wina dRis Sesabamis

saaTebSi

28 noembridan 30 noembramde saaaTobrivi datvirTvebad aRebul iqna saaTobrivi

datvirTvebi 2006 wlis 1 noembridan 12 noembramde.

saaTobrivi datvirTvis uwyveti monacemebis

misaRebad gamoyenebul iqna moTxovnilebis

maxasiaTeblebis analizi. eleqtroenergiaze

arsebuli moTxovnilebis 2006 wlis

ZiriTadi Tviuri maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia

cxilSi 4.8. am maxasiaTeblebis bazaze

miRebuli iqna miaxloebiTi Tviuri

datvirTvis mrudebi momavali

gasaanalizirebeli periodis yoveli

wlisaTvis, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqna

Semdgomi analizisaTvis.

2006 wlis realizirebuli saaTobrivi

monacemebis mixedviT yvelaze dabali

moTxovnileba (359mgvt) iyo ivnisSi

(zafxulis sezoni), xolo realuri

datvirTvis piki 4-jer ufro meti -

1553mgvt - iyo dekemberSi (zamTris

sezoni). umciresi Sefardeba Tvis sabazo

da pikur datvirTvas Soris iyo

TebervalSi (sabazo iyo pikuri

datvirTvis 51%), xolo udidesi

Sefardeba sabazo da pikur Tviur

datvirTvebs Soris iyo martSi (sabazo

datvirTva iyo pikuri datvirTvis 28%).

:

57

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

JANUARY FERUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Peak

Loa

d (M

W)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

naxazi 4-14: sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozi – Tviuri pikuri datvirTva

2007-2021 wlebSi.

:

58

cxrili 4.8 realizirebuli moxmarebis sabaziso maxasiaTeblebi 2006 wels

2006

Tve

ianvari

Tebervali

marti

aprili

maisi

ivnisi

ivlisi

agvisto

seqtemberi

oqtomberi

noemberi

dekemberi

wliuri

Pmax

MW

14

75

1410

14

40

1371

13

05

1055

10

69

1073

11

00

1233

13

79

1553

15

53

Wto

tal

GW

h 79

979

275

967

361

753

956

958

656

760

070

782

680

34

Pmin

M

W

590

719

407

576

548

359

374

537

451

481

607

621

359

Load

Fact

or

%74

.2

76.9

72

.2

67.2

64

.8

70.0

72

.9

74.8

70

.6

66.7

70

.2

72.9

59

.1

Wco

nst

GW

h 43

152

529

742

040

026

227

339

232

935

144

345

345

77

Pmax

/Pa

%94

.98

90.7

9 92

.72

88.2

8 84

.03

67.9

3 68

.83

69.0

9 70

.83

79.3

9 88

.80

100.

00

Wm

/Wa

%9.

95

9.86

9.

45

8.38

7.

68

6.71

7.

08

7.29

7.

06

7.47

8.

80

10.2

8 12

.0

Pmin

/Pm

ax

%40

.0

51.0

28

.3

42.0

42

.0

34.0

35

.0

50.0

41

.0

39.0

44

.0

40.0

Pm

ax –

Tviuri pikuri datvirTva

Wto

tal –

Tviuri (wliuri) moxmareba

Pm

in –

Tviuri sabazo (minimaluri) datvirTva

Mon

thly

Loa

d Fa

ctor

= 1

2 *W

tota

l/Pm

ax/8

.760

A

nnua

l Loa

d Fa

ctor

= W

tota

l/Pm

ax/8

.760

W

cons

t = P

min

*12/

8.76

P

max

/Pa

– Tviuri pikuri datvirTvis Sefardeba wliur pikur datvirTvasTan

Wm

/Wa

– Tviuri moxmarebis Sefardeba wliur moxmarebasTan

Pm

in/P

max

– Tviuri pikuri datvirtvis Sefardeba Tviur minimalur datvirTvasTan

Georgia: Strategic Environmental Assessment

of Power Sector Development Final Report

59

sabaziso da pikur (minimum da maqsimumi) Tviuri datvirTvebis gamoTvlili

Sefardeba (Pmin/Pmax) TiTqmis mTeli Tormeti Tvis manZilze naklebia 50%

(28%-sa da 51%-s Soris), rac xazs usvams samrewvelo momxmareblis nakleb

monawileobas saqarTveloSi mTliani eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSi (naxazi 4-

15).

imave 4-15 naxazze mocemulia agreTve Tviuri datvirTvis faqtorebi, romlebic

cota metia – daaxloebiT 75% (65%-sa da 77%-s Soris).

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0


Load

Fac

tor a

nd P

min

/max

(%)

Load factor Pmin/Pmax

naxazi 4-15: Tviuri datvirTvis faqtorebis da Tviuri minimumis Sefaredeba

pikur datvirTvebTan.

wliuri pikuri datvirTva Seesabameba

dekemberSi pikur datvirTvas da

Tviuri pikuri datvirTvis Zalian

maRali done (wliuri pikuri

datvirTvis 90%-ze meti)

realizebulia 5-Tvian periodSi:

noembridan martamde (nax. 4-16). igive

periodSi (noembridan martamde) Tviuri moxmareba 9%-iT maRalia energiis

saSualo wliur moxmarebaze.

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnis TvalsazrisiT

kritikuli periodi warmoadgens periods

noembersa da marts Soris da am periodSi

eleqtroenergiis saimedo mowodebis saWiroeba

gansazRvravs axali simZlavreebis damatebis

saWiroebas gaanalizirebul dagegmvis periodSi.



60

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0


Pmon

th/P

annu

al (%

)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

Wm

onth

/Wan

nual

(%)

Pmonth/Pa Wmonth/Wa

naxazi 4-16: Sefardebebi - Tviuri pikuri datvirTa/wliuri pikuri datvirTva

da Tviuri moxmareba/mTliani wliuri moxmareba.

prognozirebuli wliuri pikuri datvirTvebi, romlebic Seesabamebian energiis

moxmarebas 2007-2021 wlebSi. sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozi mocemulia

cxrilSi 4.9

cxrili 4.9 sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozi

Pmax (MW) Pmin (MW) Wtotal (GWh)

2007 1591 368 81672008 1640 379 84192009 1690 390 86752010 1741 402 89372011 1795 415 92142012 1850 427 94972013 1906 440 97842014 1965 454 100872015 2025 468 103952016 2087 482 107132017 2151 497 110422018 2209 510 113402019 2268 524 116422020 2330 538 119612021 2392 553 12279

dabali da maRali moTxovnilebis prognozi

4.2 qveTavSi warmodgenili daSvebebis safuZvelze, konsultantma gansazRvra

eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis saSualo wliuri zrdis done 2007-2021



61

wlebisTvis 2.5%-is toli dabali moTxovnilebis prognozisaTvis. miiRo ra es

mxedvelobaSi, iseve rogorc igive Tviuri datvirTvis maxasiaTeblebi rac

gamoyenebuli iyo sabazo moTxovnilebis prognozSi, konsultantma gansazRvra

wliuri pikuri datvirTva da Sesabamisi energiis moxmareba periodSi 2007-

2021 wlebi, rogorc es mocemulia cxrilSi 4.10

dabali moTxovnilebis prognozis analogiurad da igive Tviuri datvirTvis

maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT rac sabazo datvirTvis prognozSi iyo

gamoyenebuli, konsultantma gansazRvra wliuri datvirTvebi da Sesabamisi

eleqtroenergiis moxmareba maRali moTxovnilebis prognozSi, rogorc es

mocemulia cxrilSi 4.10.

cxrili 4.10. dabali da maRali moTxovnilebis prognozi

dabali moTxovnilebis prognozi maRali moTxovnilebis prognozi

Pmax (MW)

Pmin(MW)

Wtotal (GWh)

Pmax(MW)

Pmin (MW)

Wtotal (GWh)

2007 1591 368 8167 1591 368 8167 2008 1631 377 8373 1670 386 8573 2009 1671 386 8578 1754 405 9004 2010 1713 396 8793 1842 425 9456 2011 1756 406 9014 1934 447 9928 2012 1800 416 9240 2030 469 10421 2013 1845 426 9471 2132 492 10944 2014 1891 437 9707 2239 517 11494 2015 1938 448 9948 2351 543 12069 2016 1987 459 10200 2468 570 12669 2017 2037 471 10457 2591 598 13301 2018 2087 482 10713 2721 628 13968 2019 2140 494 10985 2857 660 14666 2020 2193 507 11257 3000 693 15400 2021 2248 519 11540 3150 728 16170

diagrama yvela sami gaanalizirebuli moTxovnilebis prognozebiT mocemulia

naxazze 4-17.



62

naxazi 4-17. wliuri moTxovnileba eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis samive prognozisaTvis

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

Ann

ual e

lect

ricity

dem

and

(GW

h)

Basic Demand Forecast High Demand Forecast Low Demand Forecast



63

5. eleqtrogeneraciis sistemis ganviTarebis

variantebi

5.1. SerCeuli Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da

xarjTaRricxva

qveynis eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris optimaluri ganviTarebis

gegmis SemuSavebis mizniT aucilebelia arsebuli Tbo da

hidrogeneraciis sadgurebis parametrebis gaumjobesebasa da axali

sadgurebis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilva.

arsebuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebis maxasiaTeblebis gaumjobeseba

(sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Catarebis Sedegad) gaTvaliswinebulia

analizSi (ixileT nawili 3) im faqtis gamo, rom arsebuli

hidroeleqtrosadgurebis sareabiltacio samuSaoebis dasruleba

garkveul periods saWiroebs. arsebuli Tboeleqtrosadgurebis

reabiltaciis programa ukve dasrulebulia da, Sesabamisad, raime

saxis damatebiTi sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Sesruleba

Tbogeneraciis obieqtebze ar aris ganxiluli modelis damuSavebis

dros.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTveloSi adgilobrivad warmoebuli

sawvavis Zalian SezRuduli resursi arsebobs, konsultanma gaakeTa

daSveba, rom qveyanaSi momavalSi aSenebuli

TboeleqtrosadgurebisaTvis bazisad gamoyenebuli iqneba

kombinirebuli ciklis bunebriv airze momuSave agregatebi jamuri

simZlavriT 150 mgvt. simZlavris es done SerCeul iqna rogorc

yvelaze optimaluri mcire, ufro ZviradRirebul da did sadgurebs

Soris. am ukanasknelis mSenebloba SedarebiT iafia Tumca

saqarTvelos eleqtrosistemis simZlavrisa da pikuri moxmarebis

wliuri zrdis maCveneblis gaTvaliswinebiT naklebad praqtikuli.

zemoaRniSnulis garda, bunebrivi gazis maRali fasis (230 aSS

dolari/1000 m3) mxedvelobaSi miviRebT konsultantnma aseve gaakeTa

imis daSveba, rom saqarTvelos eletroenergetikis ganviTarebis

gegmaSi SesaZloa gaTvaliswinebuli iyos 300 mgvt simZlavris

Tboeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba. am alternativis

ganxorcielebisaTvis sawvavis ori potenciuri wyaro arsebobs,



64

romelic Tavis mxriv gavlenas iqoniebs sadguris mSeneblobisaTvis

adgilmdebareobis SerCevasa da ekologiuri Sefasebis momzadebaze.

aRniSnuli wyaroebia:

tyibuli-Saoris sabadodan mopovebuli naxSiri. sabados

damtkicebuli maragi Seadgens 388 million tonas.

maRali xarisxis sxva qveynebidan importirebuli naxSiri .

yvelaze axlos mdebare qveyanaa ukraina, romlis naxSiris

damtkicebuli maragi Seadgens 37 miliard tonas.

tyibuli-Saoris sabadodan mopovebul naxSiri dabali TboSemcvelobiT

xasiaTdeba – 17.6 mj/kg, Tumca es maCvenebeli gacilebiT maRalia mura

naxSirTan SedarebiT (7-9 mj/kg), magram Camouvardeba importirebuli

naxSiris TboSemcvelobas (25 mj/kg). tyibuli-Saoris naxSiris

nacrianoba daaxloebiT 28%-ia, tenianoba – 8%, xolo wvadi mdgeneli

(gogirdi) Seadgens 1.1 %-s. naxSiris mopoveba SesaZlebelia miwisqveSa

maRaroebidan. naxSiris mopoveba daiwyo 1946 wels da mopovebis

maqsimaluri moculoba dafiqsirda 1988 wels - 1 milioni tonis

odenobiT. amis Semdeg naxSiris mopoveba mkveTrad daeca da 2000

wlisaTvis Seadgina 7 aTasi tona. mopovebis Semcirebis ZiriTad mizezs

warmoadgenda mopovebuli naxSiris TviRirebulebis mkveTri zrda – 122

aSS dolari/tona (203 lari/t), maSin rodesac sarealizacio fasi

Seadgenda mxolod 7 aSS dolars 1 tonaze (12 lari/t) [2]. miuxedavad

amisa mosalodnelia, rom tyibulis maRarodan naxSiris mopoveba

momavali wlebis ganmavlobaSi gaizrdeba da srulad daakmayofilebs

naxSirze momuSave 300 mgvt simZlavris Tbosadguris moTxovnas sawvavze

(wyaro: saqarTvelos energetikis saministro). amis safuZvelia

konkurentuli fasebi naxSirze energiis erT erTeulTan mimarTebaSi.

imis gamo, rom dReisaTvis ar arsebobs informaciis sando wyaroebi

(maRaroebis reabilitaciis teqnikur-ekonomikuri Seswavlis angariSi),

raTa dasabuTebul iqnas masStaburi naxSir-mopovebiTi samuSaoebis (1

milioni tona wliurad) warmoebis momgebianoba, importirebuli

naxSiris bazaze Tboeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis varianti SesaZloa

ufro realisturic ki iyos grZelvadiani ganviTarebis gegmis

SemuSavebis mizniT.

naxSiris Sesyidva SesaZlebelia misaReb fasad msoflios masStabiT, rac

winamdebare angariSis miznebisaTvis Seadgens 56 aSS dolars/tonaze da



65

mosalodnelia, rom importirebul naxSirs eqneba Semdegi

maxasiaTeblebi: dabali TboSemcveloba - 25 mj/kg, xolo nacrianoba

daaxloebiT 25%.

Tboeleqtrosadguris adgilmdebareobas gansazRvris mizniT

gaTvaliswinebul iqna naxSiris adgilobrivi maRaroebidan mopovebis

SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisad SerCeul iqna teritoria, romelic

mdebareobs tyibulTan axlos, qalaq quTaisis maxloblad da mcire

manZiliTaa daSorebuli naxSiris mompovebeli maRaroebidan. jer kidev

1999 wels qarTul-slovakuri kompaniis mier damuSavebul iqna

tyibulis Tboeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis proeqti, Tumca igi

iTvaliswinebda ori 125 mgvt simZlavris agregatis montaJs.

importirebul naxSirze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguris variantis

Sefasebisas miRebulia daSveba, rom naxSiris transportireba

ganxorcieldeba zRviT. am mizniT mizanSewonilia Savis zRvis portebis

– baTumisa da sufsis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis Sefaseba (savaraudod

sufsa an masTan yvelaze axlos mdebare porti). portidan

Tboeleqtrosadguramde naxSiris transportireba SesaZleblia

sarkinigzo xaziT. transportirebis xarjebis Semcirebis mizniT

aucilebelia, rom Tboeleqtrosadguri mdebareobdes zRvis sanapirosTan.

Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom sanapiro zolSi

Tboeleqtrosadguris arseboba negatiur zegavlenas iqoniebs turizmis

ganviTarebaze.

garda amisa, saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis Semdgomi

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT atomuri eleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis

SesaZleblobebic iqna ganxiluli. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom

saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis dRevandeli parametrebi da

struqtura ver akmayofilebs atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobisa

da eqspluataciis moTxovnebs. 1600 mgvt simZlavris atomuri

eleqtrosadguris (franguli teqnologiis gamoyenebiT, mesame Taobis

sadguri) mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli monaxazi arsebobs,

Tumca igi saWiroebs detalur Seswavlas, Tu ramdenad mizanSewonili

iqneba aseTi simZlavris sadguris CarTva saqarTvelos

eleqtrosistemaSi. 600 mgvt simZlavris atomuri eleqtrosadguris

mSenebloba mainc ganixileba rogorc erT-erTi potenciuri proeqti da,

Sesabamisad, CarTulia Catarebul analizSi.



66

im potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis teqnikuri parametrebi, romelTa

mSeneblobac SesaZloa ganxilul iqnas saqarTvelos

eleqtroenergetikuli seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT,




67

cxrili 5.1. axali Tboeleqtrosadgurebis teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi

eleqtrosadguri

kombinirebuli

cikli -150

mgvt

importirebul

naxSirze–

300 mgvt

adgilobriv

naxSirze –

300 mgvt

atomuri-

1600

mgvt

atomuri

– 600

mgvt

sawvavi gazi naxSiri adgilobrivi

naxSiri atomuri atomuri

dadgmuli

simZlavre

mgvt

150 300 300 1600 600

minimaluri

miwodebuli

simZalvre

mgvt

88 150 150 1000 450

maqsimaluri

miwodebuli

simZlavre

mgvt

144 274 274 1500 550

FOR% 8 5 5 5 5

profilaqtikuri

samuSaoebi

dReebi/weli

20 47 30 18 18

Tbounarianoba

(minimaluri

datvirTvis

dros)

kkal/kvtsT

2048 2670 2800 2389 2672

Tbounarianoba

(maqsimaluri

datvirTvis

dros)

kkal/kvtsT

1654 2389 2508 2389 2672

cvladi

saoperacio

xarjebi

aSS

dolari/mgvtsT

2.93 1.3 1.4 4.9 4.9

fiqsirebuli

saoperacio

xarjebi aSS

dolari/kvt-Tve

2.8 2.5 2.5 5.05 5.05

mSeneblobis

Rirebuleba

aSS dolari/kvt

1042 1562 1700 2000 2500

mSeneblobis 3 4 4 5 5



68

periodi, weli

wyaro : [1], [2], [3], [4]

[1] – saerTaSoriso energetikuli saagentos (IEA) informacia, 2007 w. [2] – teqnologiuri cvlilebebis gatarebis aucileblobis Sefasebis mizniT

kvalifikaciis amaRleba, rac iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi proeqtebis

identificirebas, Sefasebas da ganxorcielebas. garemos da bunebrivi

resursebis dacvis saministros klimatis cvlilebis erovnuli saagento, 2002

w.

[3] – samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis (SEE Region) qveynebis generaciis seqtorSi investiciebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebis Seswavla, evrokomisia da

msoflio banki, 2005 w.

[4] – atomuri eleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis mokle angariSi 16, 2007w.

5.1.1. potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ranJireba da winaswari

Sefaseba

potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ekonomikuri parametrebis Sefaseba, pirvel

rigSi, xdeba SerCevis mrudebis gamoyenebiT. SerCevis mrudebi agebulia yvela

potenciuri TboeleqtrosadgurisTvis da eleqtroenergiis generaciis wliuri

xarjebis Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva.

SerCevis mrudebi gamoyeneba miznad isaxavs yvelaze misaRebi parametrebis mqone

axali sadguris identificirebas. 6 potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadguris SerCevis

mrudebi mocemulia suraTze 5-1.



69

Georgia-TPPs candidates

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Plant Capacity factor (%)

Ann

ual C

ost (

US$

/kW

-yea

r)

Coal Imported-300 MWCoal Domestic-300 MWNuclear-600 MWNuclear-1600 MWCC-150 MW

suraTi 5-1. potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis SerCevis mrudebi

SerCevis procedurebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg gamoikveTa Semdegi suraTi:

sxvadasxva dadgmuli simZlavris pirobebSi upiratesoba eniWeba

sxvadasxva Tboeleqtrosadgurs.

dadgmuli simZlavris 30%-ze naklebi datvirTviT funqcionirebis

pirobebSi yvelaze mimzidvelia bunebriv airze momuSave sadgurebis

mSenebloba.

dadgmuli simZlavris 30%-dan 60%-mde datvirTviT funqcionirebis

pirobebSi yvelaze mimzidvelia naxSirze momuSave sadgurebis

mSenebloba.

dadgmuli simZlavris 60%-ze metad datvirTvis SemTxvevaSi 600 mgvt-

ian atomur eleqtrosadgurs yvelaze mimzidveli ekonomikuri

parametrebi gaaCnia.

mZlavri 1600 – mgvt-iani atomuri eleqtrosadguris (franguli

teqnologia, mesame Taoba) mSenebloba aramimzidveli alternativaa

saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli sistemisaTvis (sul rom araferi

vTqvaT sistemis saimedoobis da stabilurobis TvalsazrisiT Seqmnil



70

seriozul problemaze, rac SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos aseTi mZlavri

sadguris SedarebiT patara sistemaSi CarTviT).

SerCevis mrudebze dayrdnobiT ganxorcielebuli winaswari Sefasebis Sedegad

gadawyda, rom Semdgom analizSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba mxolod ori tipis

sadguris mSenebloba: kombinirebuli ciklis 150 mgvt simZlavris

airturbinuli danadgari da 300 mgvt simZlavris importirebul naxSirze

momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguri. am analizis Sedegebi warmodgenilia meeqvse

TavSi.

adgilobrivad mopovebul naxSirze momuSave sadguris mSeneblobis

alternativa naklebad mimzidvelia importirebul naxSirze momuSave

sadgurTan SedarebiT. warmodgenili Sedegebis gaTvalisiwnebiT

aRniSnuli sadguris mSeneblobis SesaZlebloba saerTod gamoiricxa

Semdgomi dagegmvis da analizis dros.

5.1.2. potenciuri Tboeleqtrosadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis

Sefaseba

saqarTvelos eleqtrosistemis Tbogeneraciis mimarTulebiT ganviTarebis

pirobebSi ori SesaZlo variantis (bunebriv airze da naxSirze momuSave

sadgurebi) Sedarebisas unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom naxSiris

Tboeleqtrosadguris teqnikur-ekonomikuri parametrebis upiratesoba

umniSvnelo xdeba garemoze zemoqmedebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi.

kerZod, atmosferoSi damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gamoyofis TvalsazrisiT

bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebi naxSiris sadgurTan SedarebiT naklebad

mavnea garemosaTvis. garda amisa, naxSiris Tboeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba

sanapiro zolSi sakmaod did problemas warmoadgens. Tumca, imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobisaTvis konkretuli adgili

SerCeuli jer ar aris, am sadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis analizi SesaZloa

eyrdnobodes sadguris zogad maxasiaTeblebs, sawvavis Tvisebebs da

garemosdacviT moTxovnebs. Sesabamisad, am etapze, verc garemoze zemoqmedebis

ufro detaluri Sefaseba moxdeba da verc sadguris mSeneblobiT gamowveuli

socialuri da ekonomikuri zegavlenis analizi.

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba Tbo da hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobiT

gamowveuli garemoze zemoqmedebis masStabi. maSin, rodesac

hidroeleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi zemoqmedebis qveS xvdeba mxolod mimdebare

teritoria, Tboeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba, rogorc adgilobrivi (sadguris

garSemo), aseve regionuli da globaluri mniSvnelobis zemoqmedebiT

xasiaTdeba. Tboeleqtrosadgurebi abinZureben atmosferos, niadags, wyals,

iwveven xmaurs, vibracias da qmnian eleqtromagnitur vels. mavne nivTierebebis

gamoyofa uaryofiTad moqmedebs adaminebis janmrTelobaze, florasa da faunaze

da agreTve Senoba-nagebobebze.



71

Tboeleqtrosadguris garemoze zemoqmedeba, pirvel rigSi, damokidebulia

sadguris tipze, sawvavis saxeobasa da maxasiaTeblebze, eleqtroenergiis

gardaqmnis koeficientze, sadguris dizainze, agreTve mavne nivTierebebis

gafrqvevis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT sadgurisa da mowyobiloba-danadgarebis

efeqturobaze. zogadad mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli parametrebi gaaCnia

sadgurebs, romlebic sawvavis saxiT iyeneben navTobs, bunebriv airsa da

naxSirs. saerTod, yvela tipis TboeleqtrosadgurisaTvis atmosferos

damabinZurebel mavne nivTierebaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba: azotis Jangi (NOx,

kerZod ki NO2), naxSiris monoqsidi (mxuTavi gazi) da naxSirorJangi. garda

amisa, zemoT aRniSnuli sawvavis gamoyenebis pirobebSi adgili aqvs gogirdis

orJangis gamoyofas, xolo naxSiris Tboeleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi emateba

mavne nivTierebebi myari nawilakebis saxiT. miTiTebul mavne nivTierebebs Soris

azotis Jangi da gogirdis orJangi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs mJavis

Semcveli wvimis warmoqmnaSi, xolo CO2 saTburi efeqtis mqone gazebis

ZiriTadi komponentia da didi gavlena aqvs globalur daTbobasa da klimatis

cvlilebaze.

saerTaSoriso valdebulebebisa da rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

samrewvelo qveynebma SeimuSaves Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba da wesebi yvela saxis

mavne nivTierebis gafrqvevis Semcirebis mizniT. gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba

eqceva atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebebis gafrqvevis Semcirebas. saqarTveloSi

moqmedebs garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis sistema, romelic dReisaTvis

regulirdeba licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb kanonis (2005 weli),

garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvebis Sesaxeb kanonis (1996 weli), garemos

dacvis, wylis resursebis (1997 weli) da atmosferos dacvis (1999 weli)

Sesaxeb kanonebis safuZvelze. yvela Sesabamisi kanoni saWiroebs gadaxedvas da

ZiriTad kanonTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi ar moqmedebs emisiebis zRvruli moculobebis da

sxva msgavsi sakiTxebis maregulirebeli konkretuli wesebi. miuxedavad amisa,

saqarTvelom miiRo evrokavSiris koncefcia “saukeTeso xelmisawvdomi

meTodebis” (“best available techniques’ – BAT) Sesaxeb, romelic moicavs

rogorc teqnologiur nawils, aseve menejmentis sferos. aqedan gamomdinare,

mosalodnelia, rom swored ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis miRebuli wesebi da

rekomendaciebi daedeba safuZvlad saqarTveloSi Tboeleqtrosadguris

mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis Sefasebas. swored es

aris ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT

saqvabe danadgarebis mwarmoebelma kompaniebma ukve SeimuSaves SedarebiT dabali

sainvesticio Rirebulebis mqone Tanamedrove mowyobilobebi. emisiebis

zRvruli moculobebis (emission limits values – ELV) regulireba, rogorc

wesi, xdeba Semdegi parametriT: mg/m3 namuSevar gazze 00C haeris

temperaturisa da 1013 mbar atmosferuli wnevis pirobebSi. wesebi aseve

ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan “arsebul blokebs” da “axal blokebs”. rogorc

wesi, arsebul (eqspluataciaSi myof) blokebs garkveuli dro eZleva

moTxovnebis srulad dakmayofilebisaTvis. axali Tboeleqtrosadguris



72

mSeneblobisas evrokavSiris qveynebSi moqmedi kanonis da standartebis

moTxovnebi ufro mkacria, vidre arsebuli sadgurebis SemTxvevaSi.

150 mgvt simZlavris kombinirebuli ciklis airturbinuli eleqtrosadguri

kombinirebuli ciklis teqnologiis danergvis SemTxvevaSi airturbinuli da

orTqlturbinuli eleqtrosadguris (saqvabesTan erTad) margi qmedebis

koeficienti 52%-s aRwevs (42% minimaluri datvirTvis dros). sadguris mier

gacemuli sasargeblo simZlavre 144 mgvt-s Seadgens. aRniSnuli sadguris

garemoze zemoqmedebis analizi eyrdnoba im daSvebas, rom sadguris muSaobis

saaTebis wliuri raodenoba 5500 saaTia, rac iZleva yovelwliurad 792

gvtsT eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis saSualebas. sadguris margi qmedebis

koeficientis da bunebrivi airis Tbounarianobis mixedviT (33,33

mjouli/kub.m), bunebrivi airis xarji sadguris nominaluri simZlavriT

muSaobisas Seadgens 8,3 m3/wamSi, xolo gazis wliuri moxmareba Seadgens 165

milion aSS dollars.

kombinirebuli ciklis airturbinis zemoqmedeba garemoze ZiriTadad

gamowveulia azotis Jangis emisiiT, romelic Tavis mxriv mJavis Semcveli

wvimis Semadgeneli mavne nivTierebaa. emisiebze SezRudvebi regulirdeba

konvenciiT Soreul manZilze gavrcelebuli (administraciuli da saxelmwifo

sazRvrebis miRma) atmosferos dabinZurebis Sesaxeb, romlis safuZvelze xdeba

ganviTarebuli qveynebisTvis atmosferos dacvis aqtebis gacema. azotis Jangis

emisiis zRvruli moculoba dadgenilia direqtivis 2001/80/EC-is safuZvelze

da gamoiyeneba ganviTarebul qveynebSi airturbinuli

TboeleqtrosadgurebisaTvis – 50 mg/m3 namuSevar gazze normaluri pirobebSi

(00C haeris temperatura, 1013 mbar atmosferuli wneva, 15% O2).

kombinirebuli ciklis airturbinuli sadguris mier gamomuSavebuli

eleqtroenergiis (792 gvtsT nominaluri datvirTvis da 5500 samuSao saaTis

pirobebSi) safuZvelze naxSirs Jangis emisiis odenoba Seadgens 640 tonas

wlis ganmavlobaSi 150 mgvt simZlavris blokisaTvis.

bunebrivi airis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi namuSevari gazis udides nawils

Seadgens naxSirorJangi, romelic saTburi efeqti mqone gazia da zemoqmedebas

axdens globalur daTbobasa da klimatis cvlilebaSi. eleqtroenergiis

generaciis Sedegad gafrqveuli naxSirorJangis moculoba

pirdapirproporciuli gamoyenebul sawvavSi naxSirSemcvelobisa da agreTve

xvedriT Tbur moxmarebaze. 792 gvtsT eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis

SemTxvevaSi naxSirorJangiis emisiis mTliani moculoba Seadgens 380 000

tonas/welze (480 tona/gvtsT). es warmoadgens naxSirorJangis emiisis yvelaze

dabal dones sxva tipis TboeleqtrosadgurebTan SedarebiT. saTburi efeqtis

airebis emisiis problemasTan mimarTebaSi unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom

saqarTvelom 1999 wels xeli moawera kiotos oqms da misi ratificirebac

moaxdina. Tumca kiotos oqmis danarT b-s mixedviT saqarTvelos ar aqvs

saTburi efeqtis mqone airebis emisiis Semcirebis valdebuleba 2012 wlamde.



73

garemoze zemoqmedebas aseve axdens: namuSevari wyali, xmauri da vibracia,

qimiuri narCenebi da eleqtromagnituri veli. yvela zemoaRniSnul faqtors

gacilebiT naklebi zianis motana SeuZlia, romlis kontrolic SesaZlebelia

Tboeleqtrosadguris damxmare sistemebis proeqtirebiT sainJinro

standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kombinirebuli ciklis airturbinuli Tboeleqtrosadguris garemoze

zemoqmedeba gacilebiT dabalia. Aqedan gamomdinare, am tipis

Tboeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba dasaSvebia did qalaqebSi, msxvili moxmarebis

centrebTan axlos, Tu iq arsebobs gazmomaragebis qseli. saqarTvelos

SemTxvevaSi, bunebriv airze momuSave axali blokebis mSenebloba

gaTvaliswinebulia arsebuli Tboeleqtrosadguris (Tbilsresi) teritoriaze,

rac amcirebs garemoze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis dones. em tipis sadgurebi

hidroeleqtrosadgurebis da sxva ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis saukeTeso

alternativad iTvleba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTi mSenebloba finansuri

da ekononomikuri TvalsazrisiT gamarTlebulia. am ukanasknelis gaanalizeba

aseve aucilebelia strategiuli TvalsazrisiTac, radganac bunebrivi gazis

wyaro saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. Gazis importi xdeba sxvadasxva qveynebidan

da misi fasi damokidebulia msoflio bazarze navTobis fasis cvlilebaze. imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi navTobis fasis

mniSvnelovan cvlilebas hqonda adgili, bunebrivi airi SesaZloa gacilebiT

Zviri sawvavi gaxdes.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kombinirebuli ciklis airturbinul

Tboeleqtrisadgurebs, Tu maTi mSenebloba saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli

sistemis Semdgom ganviTarebas emsaxureba, eqnebaT energiis gardaqmnis ufro

maRali koeficienti da emisiis limitirebuli moculobis SedarebiT dabali

done. Sesabamisad, aseTi sadgurebis mSenebloba ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT

ufro misaRebi iqneba. garda amisa, airturbinuli Tboeleqtrosadgurebis

mSenebloba ufro advilia da mokle droSi ganxorcielebadi. aseT sadgurebs

gaaCniaT gaSvebis mokle periodi da eleqtrogeneraciis sistemaSi avariis

dros SeuZliaT swrafi reagirebis moxdena.

300 mgvt simZlavris naxSiris Tboeleqtrosadguri

naxSirze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguris garemoze zemoqmedebis masStabi

damokidebulia sadguris maxasiaTeblebze, agreTve naxSiris parametrebsa da

Sesabamisi garemosdacviT RonisZiebebis gatarebaze. sadguris zegavlena

gamoixateba SemdegiT:

landSaftis cvlileba, agreTve miwaTsargeblobis struqturis

cvlileba;

atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebebis emisia;

namuSevari wylis CaSveba;



74

didi raodenobiT naxSiris transportireba;

nacris ganTavseba specialurad mowyobil teritoriaze;

gruntis wylebis dabinZureba;

gruntis dabinZureba naleqebis Sedegad;

mimdebare teritoriaze warmoSobili xmauri da vibracia;

eleqtromagnituri velis warmoqmna;

dakarguli Tburi energia, romelic gavlenas axdens zedapiruli

wylebis temperaturaze da

saTburi efeqtis mqone airebis emisia.

garemoze zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi mocemulia cxrilSi 5.2, rogorc

adgilobriv, aseve importirebul naxSirze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadgurebis

SemTxvevaSi im ZiriTadi daSvebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic zemoT iyo

miTiTebuli cxrilSi 5.1

cxrili 5.2. 300 mgvt simZlavris naxSiris Tboeleqtrosadguris garemoze

zemoqmedebis Sefaseba



75

# parametri erTeuli Adgilobrivi

naxSiri

importirebuli

naxSiri

1 sadguris nominaluri simZlavre mgvt 274 274

2 energiis generacia (5500 sT

weliwadSi)

gvtsT/weli 1,507 1,507

3 Tburi energiis xvedriTi xarji kj/kvtsT 10,500 10,000

4 gardaqmnis koeficienti

(nominaluri)

% 34.3 36.00

5 dabali TboSemcveloba kj/kg 17,600 25,000

6 naxSiris xarji 000 t/weli 900 602

7 gamomuSavebuli wida da nacari 000

m3/weli

315 190

8 namuSevari gazis xvedriTi

moculoba

m3/kg 6.56 9.00

9 myari nawilakebis Emisiis

zRvruli moculoba

mg/m3 30 30

10 SO2-is emisiis zRvruli

moculoba

mg/m3 200 200

11 NOx-is emisiis zRvruli

moculoba

mg/m3 200 200

12 CO2 –is xvedriTi emisia

namuSevar gazze

g/m3 274 273

13 sul myari nawilakebis

emisia

t/weli 169 163

14 sul SO2 –is emisia t/weli 1,130 1,085

15 sul NOx-is emisia t/weli 1,130 1,085

16 sul CO2 –is emisia 000

t/weli

2,095 1,477

17 Tburi Energiis kargva mgvt 405 373

18 gaciebis sistemis wylis

xarji

( T=9K)

m3/w 10.7 9.9

Tboeleqtrosadguri wliurad moixmars 600000-dan 900000-mde tona naxSirs

(Sesabamisad importirebuli da adgilobrivi naxSiri), rac damokidebulia

naxSiris TboSemcvelobis parametrze. Tboeleqtrosadguris muSaobis Sedegad

miRebuli widisa da nacris moculoba Sesabamisad Seadgens 190000 da 315000

m3-s wlis ganmavlobaSi. masis balansi mocemulia sadgurisaTvis, romlis

eleqtroenergiis wliuri gamomuSaveba 1507 gvtsT-ia da Seesabameba 5500

samuSao saaTs. mavne nivTierebebis emisiis Sefaseba xdeba savaraudo emisiis

zRvruli moculobis mixedviT da iTvaliswinebs zemoqmedebis Semamsubuqebeli

efeqturi RonisZiebebis gatarebas.



76

konkretuli Tboeleqtrosadguris SerCevis dros mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas

miRebuli sawvavis sawyisi da namuSevari moculobebi, agreTve kondensatoris

gaciebis sistemisaTvis saWiro wylis raodenoba. aqedan gamomdinare,

importirebul naxSirze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi sadguris

mSenebloba unda ganxorcieldes portTan da mdinaresTan axlos. sanapiro

zolidan sadguramde manZili, rogorc wesi, 15 km-ze naklebi ar unda iyos,

rac aucileblad gazrdis naxSiris transportirebis xarjebs. Tu moxdeba

sufsis portis SerCeva, maSin gaciebis sistemisaTvis saWiro wylis wyarod

SesaZlebelia mdinare sufsis gamoyeneba. problemebi arsebobs imasTan

dakavSirebiT, Tu ra manZilze unda iyos Tboeleqtrisadgursa da ports

Soris, raTa minimumamde iqnas dayvanili sanapiro zolis landSaftze

zemoqmedeba. damatebiTi problemaa sadgurisaTvis da gamomuSavebuli nacris

ganTavsebis mizniT Sesabamisi teritoriis moZebna. am mSeneblobis

ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa 30 wlis vadiT 5 heqtari miwis nakveTis

gamoyofa 300 mgvt simZlavris sadguris wilad, xolo 30 heqtris gamoyofa

namuSevari nacris ganTavsebisaTvis. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic,

rom eleqtrosistemis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT axali blokebis damatebis

SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba moTxovnebi miwasTan mimarTebaSi.

adgilobriv naxSirze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi mSenebloba

unda ganxorcieldes naxSiris mompovebeli maRaroebis maxloblad. 300 mgvt

simZlavris sadguris mier gamomuSavebuli nacris ganTavsebisaTvis saWiro

iqneba 45 heqtari miwis gamoyofa, maSin roca Tavad sadguris mSeneblobisaTvis

sakmarisi iqneba igive farTobis miwa, rac saWiro iyo importirebul naxSirze

momuSave Tboeleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi. Tumca, arsebobs imis

SesaZleblobac, rom nacris ganTavseba moxdes maRaroebis teritoriaze -

Tundac miwis qveS - rac, Tavis mxriv, Seamcirebs gamosayofi miwis raodenobas.

gaciebis sistemis mier moxmarebuli wylis moculoba gacilebiT meti iqneba,

vidre importirebul naxSirze momuSave sadguris SemTxvevaSi. Tu zedapiruli

wylebi amisaTvis sakmarisi ar iqneba, saWiro gaxdeba damatebiTi nagebobebis

gamoyeneba.

gogirdis orJangis, azotis Jangis da myari nawilakebis atmosferoSi

gafrqvevis Semcirebis mizniT Tboeleqtrosadguri aRWurvili unda iyos

Sesabamisi Tanamedrove mowyobilobiT. NOx-isa da SO2-is emisiis

zRvruli moculoba ar unda aRematebodes 200 mg/m3-s, xolo myari

nawilakebis SemTxvevaSi 30 mg/m3-s. Sesabamisad NOx-isa da SO2-is emisirebuli

moculoba meryeobs 720-dan 750 kg/gvtsT-mde, xolo myari nawilakebis

moculoba daaxloebiT 110 kg/gvtsT-ia. amavdroulad naxSiris orJangis

moculoba 980-dan 1390 t/gvtsT-mde SualedSi iqneba.

garemoze zemoqmedebis Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebis saxiT unda damontaJdes

namuSevari gazis desulfurizaciis (gogirdis gamoyofa) mowyobiloba 95%-ze

meti efeqturobiT, naxSiris Jangis wvis kamera, maRali mqk-s mqone

eleqtrofiltri da agreTve unda gatardes sxva damatebiTi RonisZiebebi.



77

msgavsi zomebis gatareba aucilebelia gruntis wylebis nacris ganTavsebis

Sedegad dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

miuxedevad kargad dagegmili da efeqturad ganxorcielebuli Semamsubuqebeli

RonisZiebebisa, yvela tipis Tboeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobisas adgili eqneba

uaryofiT zemoqmedebas garemoze, magaliTad rogoricaa: landSaftisa da

miwaTsargeblobis cvlileba, mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis gadasaxleba,

sadguris mimdebared florasa da faunaze zemoqmedeba, mavne nivTierebebis

emisia, rac mJavis Semcveli wvimis mizezia, adamianis janmrTelobaze da

xelovnur nagebobze uaryofiTi zegavlena, da bolos saTburi efeqtis mqone

airebis emisia, rac xels uwyobs globalur daTbobasa da klimatis cvlilebas.

cxrilSi 5.2 mocemuli monacemebi aris mosalodneli maqsimumi, radganac

garemos dacvis mizniT damontaJebuli mowyobilobebis maxasiaTeblebi

gaTvlili unda iyos emisiis maqsimalur moculobebze da Tu vivaraudebT, rom

statistikurad parametrebi (nacrianoba, gogirdis Semcveloba da sxva)

mudmivad icvleba, faqtiurad mavne nivTierebebis wliuri emisia gacilebiT

dabalia winaswar dadgenil normebTan SedarebiT.

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Tboeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobas gaaCnia

garkveuli dadebiTi efeqtic. magaliTad: sadguris mier generirebuli

eleqtroenergia mimarTulia momxmareblebis mudmivad mzardi moTxovnilebis

dakmayofilebaze, sadguris funqcionirebisas dasaqmdeba 200-mde adamiani,

adgilobriv naxSiris gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi dasaqmdeba gacilebiT meti

maRaroeli. Tboeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis dros 36 Tvis ganmavlobaSi

dasaqmdeba minimum 1300 adamiani.

5.2. potenciuri hesebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da mSeneblobis

xarjTaRricxva

5.2.1. xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguri

mdinare engurze ganlagebuli kaskaduri sistemis mimoxilva

mdinare enguri, romelic saTaves iRebs kavkasiis mTavari qedis samxreT

ferdobze, uxavanisa da Sxaras myinvarebidan, ganixileba, rogorc mdinareebis

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani sistema saqarTveloSi. sadrenaJo sistemis

farglebSi daaxloebiT 174 myinvaria saerTo farTobiT 315 km2. mdinare

gamoirCeva wylis maRali nakadiT da amis wyaros warmoadgens myinvarisa da

Tovlis erToblioba. mdinare moedineba viwro da Rrma xeobaSi, romlisTvisac

damaxasiTebelia daCqerebi da CanCqerebi, xolo Semdeg dablobis gavliT

Caedineba Sav zRvaSi. mdinaris sruli vardna daaxloebiT 2600 metria,

wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 4062 km2 –s Seadgens, xolo mTliani sigrZe 221

km-ia. grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi enguris wylis xarji saSualod 5.35 milion



78

m3-s Seadgens, xolo Sefasebuli hidropotenciali 21 miliardi kvtsT-ia (5.5

miliardi kvtsT ukve aTvisebulia).

mdinare enrgurze ganlagebuli kaskaduri sistemis mSenebloba mimdinareobda

1980-iani wlebis ganmavlobaSi da Sedgeba 5 hidroeleqtrosadgurisgan:

engurhesi (1300 mgvt), vardnilhesi 1 (220 mgvt), vardnilhesi 2 (40 mgvt),

vardnilhesi 3 (40 mgvt), vardnilhesi 4 (40 mgvt) (suraTi 5-2). aRniSnuli

kaskaduri sistema gansxvavdeba sxva bevri kaskadisagan, radganac mdinare

enguri saTaves iRebs da miedineba mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze da,

Sesabamisad, ar qmnis ramdenime qveynis mier wylis resursis erToblivad

gamoyenebis problemas.

suraTi 5-2. mdinare engurze arsebuli da dagegmili hesebis sqematuri

mdebareoba



79

suraTi 5-3. hesebis kaskaduri sistema mdinare engurze



80

ssuraTi 5-4. engurisa da xudonis kaSxlebi da hesebi (Google Earth-dan, 2007)

sawyis etapze kaskaduri sistemis Semdgomi ganviTareba iTvaliswinebda

xudonos (mcire simZlavris xaiSis hidroeleqtrosadgurTan erTad xudonhessa

da enguris kaSxals Soris) da tobaris hesebis mSeneblobas. Sesabamisad,

igegmeboda SedarebiT mZlavri kaSxlebis mSenebloba mdinaris zemo welSi

enguris kaSxlamde. mogvianebiT politikuri winaaRmdegobis da garemosdacviTi

moTxovnebis Sedegad gadawyda xudonhesis mSenebloba ufro mcire moculobis

wyalsacaviT (xaiSis hesTan erTad).

xudonis kaSxlisa da hidroeleqtrosadguris aRwera

mdinare engurze xudonis kaSxlisa da hidroeleqtrosadguris mSenebloba

daiwyo 1979 wels. samSeneblo samuSaoebi mimdinareobda cicabo ferdobebis

mqone viwro xeobaSi enguris TaRovani kaSxlidan daaxloebiT 34 km-Si.

proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo TaRovani kaSxlis, sadawneo gvirabis,

wyalsagdebi kaSxali, wyalmimRebisa da turbinis wyalsatarebis, miwisqveSa

eleqtrosadguris Senobis, wyalgamyvani arxis, qveda donis wyalsagdebi

mowyobilobebis da 500 kv-iani gadamcemi xazis mSeneblobas. xudonhesis

mSenebloba SeCerda 1989 wels, ris mizezsac warmoadgenda politikuri

winaaRmdegoba, garemosdacviTi da seismologiuri problemebi. mas Semdeg

ramdenjerme ganxorcielda garemosdacviTi, ekologiuri, gansaxlebis da

seismuri sakiTxebis Seswavla, magram saWiroa maTi koreqtireba mZlavri

hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobisas gasaTvaliswinebeli Tanamedrove

midgomebis da moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

garemoze, ekologiasa da gansaxlebis struqturaze mosalodneli zemoqmedebis

Semcirebis mizniT da, agreTve, maRali seismuri riskiT (somxeTis miwisZvris

Semdeg) gamowveuli cvilebis gamo xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris

Tavdapirvelma proeqtma 1992 wels ganicada koreqtireba, kerZod:

miwisZvris saangariSo simZlavre rixteris SkaliT 8 bali Seicvala 9

baliT.

kaSxlis simaRle Semcirda 200 m-dan 170.5 m-mde.

wyalsacavis sarkis zedapiris farTobi Semcirda 5.2-dan 4.0 km2-mde.

wyalsacavis sruli moculoba 364.5 milioni m3-dan Semcirda 230 milion

m3-mde.

sadguris dagmuli simZlavre Semcirda 700-dan 638 mgvt-mde.



81

Sefasebuli saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba Semcirda 1660 gvt.sT-dan 1328

gvtsT-mde.

suraTi 5-5. xudonis kaSxlisa da hesis Senobis ganlageba



82

suraTi 5-6. xudonis kaSxlis ganivi Wrili.

suraTi 5-7. xudonhesis hidrosadguris ganivi Wrili

suraTi 5-8. xudonis Zalovani kvanZis ganivi Wrili



83

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguri Sedgeba Semdgi struqturuli nagebobisgan:

betonis TaRovani kaSxali, miwisqveSa samanqano darbazi, samSeneblo gvirabi,

Ria tipis 500 kv-iani satransformatoro qvesadguri, mdinare lexaras

nakadis wyalsacavSi gadamgdebi arxi, mudmivi da droebiTi gzebi, gvirabebi da

xidebi.

betonis TaRovani kaSxlis simaRlea 170.5 m. wyalsacavSi wylis nominaluri

done ganisazRvreba 670 m niSnulze. wyalsacavis sruli moculobaa 230

milioni m3, sasargeblo moculoba – 89 milioni m3. wyalsacavis sarkis

zedapiris farTobi ki Seadgens 4 km2-s.

kaSxlis sigane meryeobs 6 metridan (kaSxlis qimi) 45 m-mde (kaSxlis

fundamenti), kaSxlis qimi mdebareobs 671 metrze. kaSxlis sigrZe qimis

nawilSi burjebis CaTvliT Seadgens 532 metrs, aqedan 420 m TaRovani

nawilia. kaSxlis ZirSi gaTvaliswinebulia gasamagrebeli cementacia da

sadrenaJo fardis mowyoba. qveda biefisMmdinare engurSi Cadineba xdeba sami

wyalgamyvani gvirabiT engurhesamde. Zedmeti wylis gadaSveba xdeba wyalgamyvan

gvirabSi xdeba sami Rrma sadrenaJo arxiT, romlis gamtarianoba 1924 m3/w-s

Seadgens. siRrmiTi wyalsagdebi mdebareobs kaSxlis mTavar nawilSi 570 m-is

simaRleze. kaSxlis Txemze ganTavsebuli ori saoperacio daniSnulebis

wyalgadamSvebi brtyeli CamketebiT mdebareobs kaSxlis centralur nawilSi.

Zedapiruli wyalgadamSvebis saproeqto simZlavrea 2609 m3/wm.

samSeneblo gvirabi (baipasi) mdebareobs mdinaris marcxena sanapiroze. ganiv

WrilSi misi zomebia 10 X 9 m-ze, xolo sigrZe 210 m. gvirabis saproeqto

gamtarianoba 1030 m3/wm-s Seadgens.

miwisqveSa hesis Senoba mdebareobs mdinaris marjvena sanapirze, kaSxlis

maxloblad. igi mocavs 3 vertikaluri tipis hidroturbinas. TiToeuli

turbinis simZlavrea 212.7 mgvt. eleqtroenergiis savaraudo wliuri

gamomuSaveba 1328 gvtsT iqneba. turbinebze wylis miwodeba xorcieldeba sami

damoukidebeli wyalmimRebiT da sadawneo milsadenebiT. wyalmimRebebs gaaCniaT

Camonatanis damWeri gisosebi da brtyeli saremonto Camketebi da maTi

gamtarunarianoba 490 m3/w-s Seadgens. Sadawneo gvirabebis sigrZe

wyalmimRebidan avariul saketebamde 284 metria, xolo diametri 6 m. aqvea

sami gamomSvebi mili saerTo sigrZiT 50.8 metri. gamomSvebi milebidan wyali

mdinare engurSi Caedineba 90 m sigrZis sami horizontaluri gamyvani sadawneo

gvirabiT.



84

Ria tipis 500 kv-iani Zalovani qvesadguris mSenebloba dagegmilia mdinaris

marcxena napirze wyalsacavis Semdeg. Generatoris gamomyvani salteebi

qvesadgurTan dakavSirebulia RerZi-galerea-gvirabis kompleqsis meSveobiT.

qvesadguris normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis mis gverdiT proeqtiT

gaTvaliswinebulia oTxsarTuliani nagebobis mSenebloba damxmare

mowyobilobebisTvis, saamqroebisa da laboratoriisTvis.

mdinare lexara uerTdeboda mdinare engurs zustad im adgilas, sadac unda

aSendes TaRovani kaSxali. mdinaris nakadis mimarTulebis Secvlis mizniT

aSenda 2 km sigrZis gvirabi zeda biefSi, ris Sedegadac mdinare lexaras

mimarTuli iqna xudonhesis wyalsacavisken.

cxrili 5.3. xudonis kaSxlisa da hidroeleqtrosadguris ZiriTadi

parametrebi

parametri sazomi

erTeuli

Tavdapirveli

proeqtiT

(1984)

oreqtirebuli

proeqtiT (1992)

wyalSemkrebi auzi km2 2800 2800

hidro-meteorologiuri

dakvirvebis xangrZliovoba wlebi 46 46

wliuri wylis nakadi milioni

m3 4100 4100

wylis nakadis maxasiaTeblebi:

mdinaris saSualo wliuri

nakadi m3/wm 130.8 130.8

maqsimaluri xarji 0.01

rezerviT m3/wm 2030 2030

maqsimaluri xarji 1.0

rezerviT m3/wm 1030 1030

minimaluri xarji m3/wm 14 14

maqsimaluri Sefasebuli

xarji m3/wm 2609 2609

maqsimaluri xarji

(dakvirvebis Sedegad) m3/wm 2414 2414

wyalsacavis parametrebi:

a) wylis normaluri done m 700 670

b) wylis sarkis zedapiris

farTobi km2 5.2 4.0

g) wylis donis vardna m 55

d) sruli moculoba Mmilioni

m3 364.5 230

e) sasargeblo moculoba milioni 223 89



85

m3

wylis dawneva:

maqsimumi m 174.1 150.7

nominaluri m 151.9 143.8

minimumi m 117.5 118.8

turbinebis nominaluri xarji m3/wm 500 490

wylis xarji 1 kvtsT-is

gamomuSavebisTvis m3/kvtsT 2.56 2.96

saproeqto simZlavre mgvt 700 638

saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba gvtsT 1660 1328

simZlavris gamoyenebis dro saaTi 2400

kaSxlis samSeneblo simaRle m 200.5 170.5

kaSxlis TaRovani nawilis simaRle m 171.5 141.5

TaRovan nawilSi kaSxlis qimis

mTliani sigrZe m 445 420

wyalsaSvis saproeqto xarji m3/wm 1924 1924

ukve Sesrulebuli samSeneblo samuSaoebi (xudonis

hidroeleqtrosadguri)

xudonhesze samSeneblo samuSaoebi daiwyo 1979 wels. samuSaoebis Sewyvetis

momentisaTvis (1989 wlis ivnisi) Semdegi samuSaoebi ukve iyo Sesrulebuli

an mTlianad dasrulebuli:

samSeneblo moednamde misasvleli gza;

mSeneblobaze dasaqmebuli muSebisTvis sacxovrebeli kompleqsi;

samSeneblo moednis gawmendis samuSaoebi;

zeda da qveda biefis zRudarebi;

samSeneblo (saderivacio) gvirabi;

samanqane darbazisTvis gruntis amoReba;

miwisqveSa hidroeleqtrosadgurisTvis gruntis amoReba da nawilobrivi

cementacia;

wyalmimRebi da mimyvani gvirabi;

samSeneblo moednisken mimarTuli mdinare lexaras nakadis wyalsacavSi

gadamgdebi gvirabi;

miwisqveSa hidroeleqtrosadgurTan mimyvani arxebi;

Ria tipis 500 kv-iani qvesadguris gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba;

mudmivi da droebiTi gzebi, gvirabebi da xidebi (40 km-iani betonis gza

jvaridan xaiSamde, eqvsi gvirabi, 100 m sigrZis xidi mdinare

laxaniswyalze).

angariSis mixedviT Sesrulebulia Semdegi moculobis samuSaoebi:

miwis da burRviTi samuSaoebis 60% hidroeleqtrosadguris

fundamentis teritoriaze;



86

TaRovani kaSxlis miwisqveSa profili - miwis da burRviTi samuSaoebis

80% da cementaciis samuSaoebis 60 %;

miwisqveSa hidroeleqtrosadguri - miwis da burRviTi samuSaoebis 60%

da betonis da rkinabetonis samuSaoebis 45 %;

samSeneblo gvirabebi (testirebulia wylis gatarebaze);

gzebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis 76 %;

TaRovani kaSxlis marcxena sayrdenis fundamenti (Casxmulia 83 500 m3

betoni);

datborvis adgilze Casatarebeli samuSaoebis 40%

zRudarebis mSenebloba.



87

Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis dRevandeli mdgomareoba (xudonis

hidroeleqtrosadguri).

gasuli 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos da Senoba-nagebobebis

didi nawili dazianda, amis mizezi zog SemTxvevaSi 1993-94 wlebSi mimdinare

saomari moqmedebebic iyo. xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris ZiriTadi

nagebobebis dRevandeli mdgomareoba Semdegia:

ZiriTad nagebobebs Soris yvelaze did yuradRebas imsaxurebs

saderivacio gvirabi. misi saeqpsluatacio vada amoiwura 1991 wels. am

gvirabis saSualebiT mdinare enguris wylis gadagdeba xdeba kaSxlis

samSeneblo zonidan da mis saimedo funqcionirebas gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba aqvs kaSxlis mSeneblobis usafrTxod ganxorcielebaSi.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 14 maisis dadgenilebiT, energetikis

saministros mier 2004 wels dafinansda mdinare enguris wylis nakadis

Tavdapirvel kalapotSi dabrunebis samuSaoebi da Semomvlebi gvirabis

daTvaliereba.magram adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier gaweuli

winaaRmdegobis Sedegad samuSaoebi iqna SeCerebuli (ganmarteba: rodesac

mdinare enguris kalapoti gadaiketa samSeneblo moednis daSrobis

mizniT da wylis nakadis gadagdeba moxda Semomvlebi gvirabis

saSualebiT, adgilobrivma mosaxleobam aRniSnuli zRudaris gamoyeneba

daiwyo mdinareze mowyobilo satransporto xidis saxiT. dReisaTvis,

roca aucilebelia Semomvleli gvirabis inspeqtireba da, Sesabamisad,

zRudaris moSla mdinaris Tavdapirvel kalapotSi dasabruneblad,

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba sanacvlod iTxovs axali xidis mSeneblobas).

gvirabi, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba mdinare lexaras wylis nakadis

xudonhesis wyalsacavSi gadagdeba, blokirebulia. wyali miedineba Zvel

kalapotSi, zustad iq, sadac kaSxlis marcxena frTa ebjineba mTas da

ukve aSenebuli betonis fundamenti mniSvnelovnadaa dazianebuli.

arasasurvelia is faqtic, rom mdinare lexaras mier Camotanili natanis

akumulacia xdeba kaSxlis fundamentis mSeneblobisTvis ganuTvnil

teritoriaze.

miwisqveSa nagebobebis dRevandeli mdgomareoba am etapze ar aris

cnobili. amis mizezia Sesasvslel portalze arsebuli mdgomareoba.

mewyruli movlenebis gamo garTulebulia galereaSi Sesvla da

Sesabamisad miwisqveSa gvirabebTan da wyalsacavis zonaSi SeRweva ar

aris usafrTxo. Sesasvlelis inspeqtireba unda ganxorcieldes

profesional mTasvlelTa jgufis mier da mxolod amis Semdeg moxdeba

inJinrebis daSveba miwisqveSa nagebobebis dasaTvaliereblad. Ria tipis

500 kv. qvesadgurisa da laboratoriis Senobis teritoriaze

individualurma mewarmem gaxsna mcire warmadobis sakuTari saxerxi

saamqro.

damxmare infrastruqturaSi Semavali Senoba-nagebobebis mdgomareoba

aseve savalaloa. avto-satransporto saSualebebis meqanikuri saamqros

teritoriaze aseve mowyobilia saxerxi mini-qarxana.



88

betonis qarxana mTlianad gaZarculia – foladis konstruqciis

elementebi moparulia; darCenilia mxolod betonis saZirkveli da

Selesili, betoniT mopirkeTebuli kedlebi.

saerTo sacxovreblis Senobac aseve gaZarculia da uturadRebodaa

darCenili.

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris sawyobisTvis gankuTvnili teritoria,

Senobebi da sofel jvarSi arsebuli amwe saSualebebi teqnikurad

savalalo mdgomareobaSi. sasawyobo kompleqsSi Semavali Senobebi ver

axorcieleben wvimisa da Tovlisgan dacvas.

mdinare laxaniswyalze 100 m sigrZis xidis liTonis konstruqciebi

SedarebiT karg mdgomareobaSia Senaxuli da SesaZlebelia maTi

gamoyeneba xidis mSeneblobis dasrulebisas.

sarkinigzo liandagi qalaq zugdididan sofel jvramde, misasvleli

betonis gzebi da jvaridan xudonhesis samSeneblo moednamde arsebuli

gvirabebi SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSia. gzebze zog adgilas mewyeria

Camowolili da agreTve adgili aqvs adgilobrivi tipis dazianebebi,

rac jamSi gzis mTliani sigrZis mxolod 3-5 %-s Seadgens.

xudonhesze Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis dRemde ganxorcielebuli Sefasebis

Sedegad dadginda, rom mTliani samuSao moculobis TiTqmis 26%-ia

Sesrulebuli. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mSeneblobis procesi ukve 10 welze

metia SeCerebulia, konsultantma yuradRebiT daaTvaliera Sesrulebuli

samuSaoebis mdgomareoba 2007 wlis maisSi ganxorcielebuli vizitis dros.

garda amisa, ukve Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis kidev erTxel Sefaseba

ganxorcielda konsultantis gamocdilebis safuZvelze, romelic mas gaaCnia

mraval proeqtSi monawileobis Sedegad. konkretulad ki iseT proeqtebSi,

sadac adgili hqonda sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo samSeneblo samuSaoebis

SeCerebas da 10 wlis Semdeg mSeneblobis ganaxlebas (magaliTad Chiffa-

Algeria-s kaSxali, hidroeleqtrosadguri Buk Bijela-Srbija & Republika Srpska, kaSxali Selova – serbeTi, kaSxali Rovni – serbeTi.) samSeneblo

moedanze ganxorcielebuli vizitis dros dadginda, rom gvirabebi

dazianebulia (konkretuli dazianeba ucnobia) da agreTve dazianebulia

gruntis amoRebis Sedegad momzadebuli zedapiri. Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis

xarisxisa da moculobis zustad Sefasebis mizniT aucilebelia nagebobebis

mdgomareobis detaluri Seswavla gamocdili sainJinro jgufis mier

myvinTavebis daxmarebiT, Tumca winamdebare analizis farglebSi

ganxorcielebuli Sefasebis Sedegad dadginda, rom arsebul nagebobebz saWiroa

sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Catareba da, yovelive zemoaRniSnulis

gaTvaliswinebiT, Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis moculoba Sefasebulia mSeneblobis

mTliani Rirebulebis 20%-iT.

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis mTliani Rirebulebis Sefaseba

eyrdnoba Semdegs:



89

arsebuli xelmisawvdomi saproeqto dokumentacia (mowodebulia

saqarTvelos energetikis saministros, msoflio bankisa da amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mier).

saproeqto dokumentacia, romelic mopovebul iqna sxvadasxva

dawesebulebebidan da organizaciebidan (hidroporeqti,

hidroinstituti, basiani, energoproeqti da sxva) 2007 wlis maisSi

monacemebis Segrovebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli vizitis dros.

saeqsperto monacemebi da dokumentacia, romelic miRebul iqna

xudonisa da enguris kaSxlebis daTvalierebis dros.

samuSao moculobis specifikaciebi xudonhesis proeqtidan, romelic

iTvaliswinebs 200 m simaRlis kaSxlis mSeneblobas.

rbili gruntis amoReba - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba ganisazRvra

2007 wlis msoflio fasebis Sesabamisad 7 aSS dolari/m3.

kldovani gruntis amoReba - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba ganisazRvra


kldovani gruntis amoReba - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba ganisazRvra


miwisqveS gruntis amoRebis samuSaoebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba

ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio fasebis Sesabamisad 56 aSS

dolari/m3.

betonis samusaoebi TaRovan kaSxalze - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba

ganisazRvra praqtikuli gamocdilebisa da specializebuli

kompaniebis specialistebTan informaciis gacvlis safuZvelze 146

aSS dolari/m3. amis mizezia betonis didi raodenoba.

saarmaturo foladis samuSaoebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba


dolari/tona.

liTon-nakeTobebi da agregatebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba


dolari/tona.

hidromeqanikuri mowyobilobebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba


dolari/tona.

turbinebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba ganisazRvra 2007 wlis

msoflio fasebis Sesabamisad 16000 aSS dolari/tona.

eleqtruli mowyobilobebi - erTi erTeulis Rirebuleba ganisazRvra

2007 wlis msoflio fasebis Sesabamisad 10600 aSS dolari/tona.

gauTvaliswinebuli xarjebi samuSaoebis mTliani Rirebulebis daaxloebiT 5

%-is moculobiT ganisazRvra.

qonebis kompensaciis xarjebi 500-ze meti ojaxisaTvis, romlebic dReisaTvis

cxovroben momaval datborvis zonaSi (sofeli xaiSi), Sefasebulia

35 000 000 aSS dolarad da ufro metad. samuSao moculobebisa da



90

zemoxsenebuli erTeuli Rirebulebebis safuZvelze xudonhesis mSeneblobis

(200 metri simaRlis kaSxlis SemTxvevaSi) Rirebuleba Sefasebulia

971 666 720 aSS dolarad (cxrili 5.4).

hudonhesis mSeneblobis dasrulebisTvis saWiro investiciebis gansazRvris

mizniT saWiroa mTlian Rirebulebas gamoakldes Semdegi Tanxebi (mocemulia

evroSi):

1. mTliani Rirebulebis daaxloebiT 20%

kaSxlis simaRlis Semcirebis gamo 194 000 000

2. dasrulebuli betonis samuSaoebi 68 730 000

3. dasrulebuli miwis samuSaoebi 41 240 000

4. dasrulebuli saarmaturo foladis samuSaoebi

7 306 000

5. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi 9 254 000

6. liTonnakeTobebi da agregatebi 6 825 000

7. mowyobilobebi

46 342 000

sul (1-7) 373 697 000

axali xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris (kaSxlis simaRle 170 m da

mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi) mSeneblobis dasrulebisTvis saWiro investicia

Seadgens 971 666 720 – 373 697 000 + 5 705 280 = 603 675 000 aSS

dolars.

cxrili 5.4. xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris xarjTaRricxva



91

aRweraerTeul

iraodenoba

erTeuli

Rirebuleba

(aSS dolari)

Rirebuleba

(aSS dolari)

1. miwis samuSaoebi

1.1 rbili gruntis amoReba m3 4 148 000 7 29 036 000

1.2 kldovani gruntis amoReba m3 7 925 000 16 126 800 000

1.3 miwisqveS gruntis amoReba m3 731 000 56 40 936 000

1.4 Sevseba rbili masaliT m3 67 100 9 603 900

1.5 Sevseba myari masaliT m3 1 152 300 12 13 827 600

1.6 Tixa m3

1.7 gardamavali filtris zona

1.8 qviSis filtri m3

1.9 gvirabis gaTxra m3

sul 1: 211 203 500

2. betonis samuSaoebi

2.1 kaSxali m3 2 388 000 146 348 648 000

2.2 eleqtrosadguri m3

2.3 gvirabi m3

2.4 betonis samuSaoebi miwisqveS m3

2.5 betoni sisqe=30sm m3

2.6 rkinabetoni m3

2.7 ara-armirebuli betoni m3

2.8 qarxnuli warmoebis betoni m3

sul 2: 348 648 000

3. liTonis samuSaoebi

3.1 armireba 1000t 34 300 1 065 36 529 500

3.2 agregatebi 1000t 10 263 3 325 34 124 475

sul 3: 70 653 975

4. gzebi

4.1 axali mudmivi gza m1

4.2 adgilobrivi gzebis aRdgena m1

4.3 axali misasvleli gzebi m1

4.4 mudmivi gzebis aRdgena m1

4.5 misasvleli droebiTi gzebis aRdgena m1

4.6 asfaltis safaris dageba m2 303000 93 28179000

sul 4: 28 179 000

5. cementacia m1 0

6. sadrenaJo sistemebi hr

7. torkretireba m2

8. mowyobilobebi

8.1 hidromeqanikuri 1000t 14 199 8000 113 592 000

8.2 turbinebi 1000t 5 876 16000 94 016 000

8.3 eleqtro mowyobilobebi 1000t 2 274 10600 24104400

sul 8: 231 712 400

sul ( 1-8 ): 890 396 875

9. gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba jami

10. gadamcemi xazi m'

11. kompensacia jami 35000000

12. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi %

13. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi % 46 269 845

14. mTliani jami 971 666 720

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguri



92

xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris da wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli

ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedeba

rodesac 1989 wels xudonis wyalsacavis da hidroeleqtrosadguris

mSenebloba SeCerda, erT-erT seriozul problemas warmoadgenda proeqtTan

dakavSirebuli garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi. mogvianebiT ramdenjerme moxda

garemosdacviTi, ekologiuri da seismuri sakiTxebis Seswavla. aRniSnuli

Seswavlis Sedegad miRebuli rekomendaciebi gaTvaliswinebul iqna 1992 wels

Tavdapirveli proeqtis modificirebis dros (kaSxlis simaRlis Semcireba 200

m-dan 170.5 m-mde). amis Semdeg garemoze zemoqmedeba Sefasda minimalurad

xudonhesis mdebareobis gamo (yvelaze maRal niSnulze mdebare wyalsacavi

mdinare engurze dRes arsebul yvela wyalsacavTan SedarebiT).

suraTi 5-9. xudonis wyalsacavis mdebareoba

suraTi 5-10. xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris da wyalsacavis mdebareoba

samganzomilebian formatSi ( Google Earth-dan, 2007)



93

wyalsacavis zegavlena klimatze

klimatis cvlilebaze wyalsacavis zemoqmedebis detaluri analizi

ganxorcielda sxvadasxva moculobis wyalsacavebisTvis. Sedarebul iqna savele

monacemebi da gamoyenebul iqna kompleqsuri maTematikuri modelebi. aRniSnuli

gamokvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom mikroklimatis cvlilebaze

wyalsacaviT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba gacilebiT naklebia, vidre es adre iyo

miCneuli.

sxvadaxva tipis da farTobis wyalsacavebze Catarebuli kvleva saimedo

ganzogadebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. haeris temperaturis da tenianobis

garkveuli cvlileba Semoifargleba wylis zedapiridan 1000-dan 1500 m

simaRlis SualedSi srulad Sevsebuli wyalsacavis SemTxvevaSi. aRniSnuli

zonis miRma temperaturaze da tenianobaze zegavlena SesaZloa

ugulebelyofil iqnas, radganac SeuZlebelia am parametrebis gazomva.

wyalsacavis garSemo gansazRvruli viwro zonis farglebSi mikroklimatis

parametrebis cvlileba dadebiTad Sefasda. haeris temperatures rxevebi ufro

dabalia vidre bunebrivi pirobebis dros (zafxulis periodis maqsimumi

SedarebiT dabalia, xolo zamTris minimumi ufro maRali). swored es aris

imis mizezi, Tu ratom moswonT adamianebs didi wyalsacavebis maxloblad

cxovreba. tenianoba odnav ufro maRalia da amas aqvs dadebiTi gavlena

florasa da biomravalferovnebaze. erTaderTi uaryofiTi efeqtia ufro

maRali tenianoba, rac asTmiT daavadebuli adamianebisTvis riskis faqtors

warmoadgens.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom xudonis

wyalsacavis zegavlena mikroklimatis cvlilebaze Semoifargleba viwro

zoniT, romelic mdebareobs wylis zedapiridan daaxloebiT 1 km-is simaRleze.

aRniSnul zonaSi gamowveuli cvlilebebi umeteswilad dadebiTi xasiaTisaa da

gamoixateba haeris zRvrul temperaturul doneebs Soris gansxvavebis

SemcirebiT.

aRniSnuli zogadi daskvnebi daadastura hidrometeorologiuri institutis

(saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis departamenti) mier enguris wyalsacavis

adgilobriv klimatze zegavlenis Sefasebis mizniT Catarebuli gamokvlevebis

Sedegebmac. aRniSnuli kvlevebi ganxorcielda 90-iani wlebis bolos. kvleva

daeyrdno yofili meteorologiuri sadgurebis monacemebs, romlebic

ganTavsebuli iyo mestia/betxos, kaiSis, jvaris da zugdidis teritoriebze.

agreTve iqna gamoyenebuli tbis mimdebare teritoriaze Catarebuli gazomviTi

samuSaoebis monacemebi. Sedegebis mixedviT (xudonis garemosdacviTi da

socialuri skriningis winaswari angariSis mixedviT, romelic moamzada BRL-ma) enguris wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli cvlileba adgilobriv



94

klimatur pirobebze dafiqsirda wyalsacavis Tavze, sanapirodan 1-2km-is

daSorebiT. klimatis cvlileba ar dafiqsirebula xeobis zeda nawilSi.

wyalsacavis gavlena tenianobaze umniSvneloa Savi zRviT gamowveul efeqtTan

SedarebiT.

mcirewyliani wyalsacavis SemTxvevaSi, romlisTvisac tipiuria wylis

eutrofuli xarisxi,Umosalodnelia adgili hqondes ori tipis saTburi

efeqtis mqone airis gamoyofas: meTanisa, romelic organuli nivTierebebis

anaerobuli daSlis Sedegad miiReba da naxSiris orJangisa. savaraudoa

gogirdwyalbadis (H2S) gamoyofac, romelic aseve anaerobuli daSlis Sedegad

miiReba da SesaZloa toqsikuri gavlena iqonios wylis florasa da faunaze.

SesaZloa aRniSnulma wyalsacavebma Tavisi wvlili Seitanon globalur

klimatis cvlilebaSi, Tumca es gavlena gacilebiT umniSvneloa, vidre igive

simZlavris TboeleqtrosadguriT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba. meores mxriv,

xudonis msgavsi Rrma da civi wyalsacaviT gamowveuli saTburi efeqti Zalian

mcirea.

eroziaze zemoqmedeba da mewyerTan dakavSirebuli riski

im adgilebSi, sadac kaSxlis, gzebisa da sxva Senoba-nagebobebis mSeneblobis

mizniT gaTvaliswinebulia vegetaciuri safaris moxsna, arsebobs eroziis

warmoqmnis garkveuli riski. SiSvel ferdobebi SeiniSneba intensiuri erozia,

rac gamowveulia 80-ian wlebSi am teritoriaze xeebis gaCexviT. gzebis

mSeneblobac aseve SeiZleba gaxdes eroziis mniSvnelovani wyaro, rasac

SesaZloa mohyves gzis qvemoT mdebare ferdobis destabilizacia. ZiriTadi gza

(jvaridan mestiamde) xelaxla unda aSendes imave ferdobze, 200 metriT

zemoT arsebuli gzidan. sxva damxmare nagebobebi (eleqtrogadamcemi xazi,

cementis qarxana, muSebisTvis gankuTvnili saerTo sacxovrebeli, sawyobebi,

avtosadgomebi...) ZiriTadad ganTavsdeba platos ZirSi da nakleb zegavlenas

iqoniebs ferdobebis eroziaze. rac Seexeba hidroeleqtrosadguris

mSeneblobas, romelic unda ganTavsdes ukve momzadebuli Rrmulis

teritoriaze, mas ar eqneba seriozuli gavlena eroziaze arc mSeneblobis

procesSi da arc samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.

wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi zegavlenis neitralizeba

SesaZlebelia SiSveli (sadac ganadgurda tyis safari) farTobebis da

mTlianad mdinaris auzis revegetaciis, agreTve stabilizaciis samuSaoebis

ganxorcielebis da gzis gaswvriv arsebuli zolis revegetaciis gziT,

sadrenaJo sistemis mowyobis da ferdobebis eroziis mudmivi monitoringis

CaTvliT.

zemoqmedeba wylis reJimze



95

kaSxlis qveda biefSi wylis nakadis cvlileba zegavlenas iqoniebs mdinaris

patara seqciaze (daaxloebiT 2km sigrZis), romelic mdebareobs momaval

kaSxalsa da enguris wyalsacavis zeda biefs Soris. momavali kaSxlidan

hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalgamgamyvan arxamde (daaxloebiT 200 m) monakveTSi

wylis nakadi mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba an SesaZloa saerTod Sewydes.

gamonaklisiss warmoadgens wyaluxvobis periodi (gvian gazafxulidan adreul

zafxulamde), rodesac zedapiruli wyalsaSviT moxdeba wylis daRvra. amis

regulireba SesaZlebelia mudmivi wylis nakadis SenarCunebiT SemovliT

monakveTSi. momavali hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalgamyvan arxsa da enguris

tbas (2km-ze mcire manZili) Soris mdinaris wylis nakadis reJimis kontroli

ganxorcieldeba xudonhesis hidravlikuri parametrebis regulirebis gziT.

wylis nakadze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba engurhesis Semdeg, mdinare enguris

qveda welSi ar aris mosalodneli.

mosalodnelia, rom mdinaris nakadze hidravlikur zemoqmedebas adgili eqneba

wyalsacavis Sevsebis etapze – qveda biefSi wylis nakadis da enguris tbaSi

wlis Cadinebis Sewyveta. Tumca imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es droebiTi

movlenaa da zemoqmedebis qveS moxvedrili mdinaris monakveTi daaxloebiT 2

km-s Seadgens, gamowveuli zemoqmedeba SesaZloa umniSvnelodac ki CaiTvalos.

dagegmili kaSxlis qveda biefSi sezonuri hidrologiuri maxasiaTeblebis

Secvlam SesaZloa mniSvnelovani efeqti iqonios enguris wyalsacavSi wylis

donis regulirebis da sezonuri parametrebis cvlilebis TvalsazrisiT.

wyaluxvobis periodis ganmavlobaSi (gviani gazafxuli – adreuli zafxuli)

enguris wyalsacavis SevsebisTvis saWiro iqneba ufro meti dro, rac

gamowveulia xudonis walsacavis Sevsebis aucileblobiT. da piriqiT,

wyalmcirobis perioSi (zamTris Tveebi) enguris wyalsacavze wylis done

naklebad daiklebs, radganac xudonhessze turbinebis wylis xarji bunebriv

modinebaze metia.

wyalsacavis wylis xarisxi

xudonis wyalsacavi mdebareobs mdinare enguris zeda welSi, cicabo

ferdobebis mqone viwro xeobaSi. wylis nakadis warmoqmnaSi sxvadasxva wyaro

monawileobs, Tumca maTSi dominirebs myinvari da Tovli. wyalSemkrebi auzis

farglebSi dasaxlebis simkvrive Zalian dabalia da dasaxlebuli punqtebic

ZiriTadad mdinaris napirTan axlos mdebareobs. mdinare enguris kargi wylis

xarisxi swored am pirobebiTaa ganpirobebuli. wyals axasiaTebs dabali

temperatura da organuli nivTierebebis dabali koncentracia.

tbebsa da wyalsacavebSi wylis xarisxis nebismieri saxis detaluri

SefasebisTvis saWiroa garkveuli sawyisi monacemebis arseboba, kerZod: Tavad

mdinaris da wyalsacavSi Camdinare wylebis wylis xarisxis sxvadasxva

parametri (temperatura, gaxsnili Jangbadi, bioqimiur Jangbadze moTxovna,

qimiur Jangbadze moTxovna, amoniumiuri azoti, nitrituli azoti,



96

orTofosfori), klimaturi pirobebi, wyalSemkrebi auzis gamoyenebis

efeqturoba, wylis xarji, wyalsacavis parametrebi da sxva. wina periodSi

mdinare engurze, sxvadasxva adgilas Catarebulia monacemebis aRebis

samuSaoebi, Tumca winamdebare angariSis momzadebis dros ver moxda maTi

moZieba. msgavsad zemoaRniSnulisa, enguris wyalsawavis wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb

informaciac ar iyo xelmisawvdomi. wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb arsebuli

monacemebi moicavda 2007 wlis aprilSi aRebul nimuSebs (BRL-s mier

momzadebuli xudonis garemosdacviTi da socialuri skriningis angariSis

farglebSi ganxorcielebuli savele gasvlis dros). nimuSebis analizis

Sedegad dadasturda, rom mdinare enguris wylis xarisxi im teritoriaze,

sadac gaTvaliswinebulia wyalsacavis mSenebloba - kargia. wyals gaaCnia

gasxnili Jangbadis maRali koncentracia da dabinZurebis dabali done.

azotSemcveli da fosforSemcveli elementebis dabali koncentracia

(nitritebis da fosfatebis koncentracia gamovlenis zRvris qvemoTaa)

miuTiTebs sust biologiur produqtiulobaze. es mdgomareoba

damaxasiaTebelia mTis mdinaris auzisTvis, romelsac dabinZurebis cota wyaro

gaaCnia (dasaxlebuli punqtebis mcire raodenoba, araintensiuri sasoflo-

sameurneo saqmianoba, samrewvelo saqmianobis ararseboba).

xudonis wyalsacavSi wylis xarisxis zogadi Sefaseba ganxorcielda arsebuli

informaciis safuZvelze. rezervuarSi stratifikaciis xarisxis Sefasebisas

erT-erTi yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebadi parametria temperaturuli

stratifikaciis frudis ricxvi (frudi), romelsac aseve uwodeben

stratifikaciis indicators. es indikatori stratifikaciis donis

prognozirebis saSualebas iZleva da eyrdnoba wylis wliuri xarjis saSualo

maCvenebels, wyalsacavis sigrZes, wyalsacavis srul moculobasa da mis

siRrmes. xudonis wyalsacavis SemTxvevaSi frodis ricxvi 0.1-ze naklebia (Fr < 0.1), ras imas niSnavs, rom wyalsacavisTvis damaxasiaTebli iqneba gamokveTili

stratifikacia. meore mniSvnelovani indikatoria saSualo wliuri nakadisa da

wyalsacavis sruli moculobis fardoba, romelic miuTiTebs, Tu ramdenjer

aris SesaZlebeli wylis mTliani moculobis Secvla. xudonis wyalsacavisTvis

es indikatori (4125 milioni m3/230 milioni m3) 18-is tolia, rac imas

niSnavs, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi wyalsacavSi wylis mTliani moculobis

Secvla SesaZlebelia 18-jer anu wylis cvlis periodi daaxloebiT 20 dRes

Seadgens. aRniSnuli faqtebi, mdinaris wylis maRal xarisxTan erTad,

miuTiTebs imaze, rom sukcesiis bolo etapze (roca daiwyeba biocenozis

stabilizacia da igi dabalansdeba biotopTan) wyalsacavis wylis xarisxi

oligotroful dones an, uares SemTxvevaSi, mezotroful dones

miuaxlovdeba, rac damokidebulia wyalSemkrebi auzis aTvisebis da dacvis

xarisxze da, rasakvirvelia, wyalsacavSi wylis donis regulirebaze. aseTi

pirobebi aucilebelia Tevzis im saxeobebisTvis, romlebsac Jangbadze didi

moTxovna gaaCniaT (oragulis saxeobebi, sxvadasxva saxeobis kalmaxi, barbusi,

Tavdida da sxva).



97

garemoze zemoqmedebis ufro detaluri analizis mizniT aucilebelia xudonis

wyalsacavSi wylis xarisxis Sefaseba im Sedegebis safuZvelze, romelic

miiReba wylis xarisxis modelis gamoyenebisas. aRniSnuli modelebi

iTvaliswineben ekosistemisTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela Sesabamis abiotikur da

biotikur process. rogorc wesi, aseT modelebSi gamoyenebuli abiotikuri

parametrebia: wylis temperatura, gaxsnili Jangbadi, moTxovna bioqimiur

Jangbadze, agreTve ZiriTadi sakvebi nivTierebebi azoti, fosfori, naxSiri.

biotikuri parametrebia: wyalmcenareebi (fitoplanqtoni) rogorc pirveli

trofikuli done da zooplanqtoni. ixtiofauna naklebad monawileobs aseTi

modelirebis dros.

dReisaTvis ar xorcieldeba mdinare enguris wylis xarisxis monitoringi.

wyalsacavis zemoqmedeba vegetaciaze

svaneTis landSaftisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mTebi, romlebic erTmaneTisgan

gamoyofilia Rrma xeobebiT. regioni umeteswilad dafarulia Sereuli tipis

da wiwvovani tyis safari, romelic mdebareobs zRvis donidan 0-dan da 1800 m

simaRlis farglebSi. mdinare enguris zeda xeobaSi, gansakuTrebiT, jvaris

dasaxlebis zemoT, Cveulebrivi vegetaciuri zonebi mniSvnelovnadaa

damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra simaRleze mdebareoben isini zRvis donidan.

SesaZlebelia maTi 5 zonad dajgufeba, romlebic erTmaneTs nawilobriv

gadafaraven:

tyis zona zRvis donidan 400-2500 m niSnulis farglebSi;

subalpiuri zona (romelic esazRveba zonas, sadac xeebi aRar izrdeba)

zRvis donidan 1800-2600 m niSnulis farglebSi;

alpuri zona zRvis donidan 2350-3150 m niSnulis farglebSi;

subnivaluri (Tovlis safari) zona zRvis donidan 2900-3300 m

niSnulis farglebSi;

nivaluri zona zRvis donidan 3150 m niSnulis zeviT.

vegetaciis zonis zeda da qveda sazRvari mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli mTis

ferdobze. aRmosavleT ferdobebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli sazRvrebi, rogorc

wesi, 100-200 metriT ufro maRalia vidre dasavleT fredobebis dros.

tyis zona swored is zonaa, sadac mdebareobs Seswavlili teritoria. zRvis

donidan 600-1000 m simaRlze dominirebs farTo-foTlovani tyeebi. SedarebiT

wyalmwiri ferdobebi ukavia muxis tyeebs (Quercus iberica), muxisa da

rcxilis (Carpinus caucasicus) da muxisa da aRmosavleTis rcxilis

(Carpinus orientalis) Sereul tyeebs. mcire moculobiTaa warmodgenili wablis

tyeebi (Castanea sativa), rcxilisa da wablis Sereuli tyeebi, da rcxila-

wabli-wifelis Sereuli tyeebi (Fagus orientalis). SedarebiT tenian farTobebze dominirebs wiflis tyeebi, romelSic agreTve gvxvdeba wabli da bza (Boxus colchicus). bza izrdeba karbonatul niadagze.



98

zRvis donidan 1000-1600 m simaRleze dominirebs wifela, xolo SedarebiT

mSrali ferdobebi dakavebuli aqvs muxis tyeebs da muxisa da rcxilis

Sereuli tipis tyeebs. 1600 m-is maRla wifelas tyeebs enacvleba xSiri

wiwvovani tyeebi. 1600-2200 m simaRlis SualedSi xSiri wiwvovani tyeebi

warmoadgenen tyis dominirebul tips zogierT adgilas bzisa da fiWvis tyis

CanacvlebiT. amgvar simaRleebze maRal mTaSi gavrcelebuli muxac moiZebneba.

ufro maRal niSnulebze dominirebs aryi. zRvis donidan 1800-dan 2200 m-mde

simaRlis farglebSi mdebareobs subalpuri zonisTvis damaxasiaTebeli fiWvis

meCxeri tyeebi, maSin roca 2100-2500 metris SualedSi Warbobs alpuri tipis

juja xeebi.

aseTi mravalferovani ganawilebis farglebSi adgili aqvs sxvadasxva tipis

gamonaklisebs, rac damokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, rogoricaa adgilobrivi

tenianoba an mSrali pirobebi, geologiuri struqtura da niadagi, ferdobebis

daxrilobis xarisxi da orientacia Sesabamisi buCqnaris tipis vegetaciis

CaTvliT.

aqvea merqnisebri mcenareebis da balaxebis endemuri da iSviaTi saxeobebi

(xudonis garemosdacviTi da socialuri skriningis winaswari angariSis

mixedviT, romelic moamzada BRL-ma). svaneTSi kldeebze mzardi vegetaciuri

saxeobebis 50-55% kavkasionisTvis adgilobrivi warmomavlobisaa. svaneTis

ZarRvovan mcenareebs gaaCnia daaxloebiT 1100 saxeoba, maT Soris 264

endemuria. endemuri saxeobidan 212 adgilobrivi kavkasionisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli warmomavlobisaa, xolo danarCeni (e.i. 52 saxeoba) mTlianad

saqarTvelos teritoriazea gavrcelebuli. svaneTSi gavrcelebulia Svidi

endemuri jiSis mcenare: Sredynskia (S. grandis), Charesia (Ch. akinfievii), Pseudovesicaria (P. digitata), Agasyllis (A. latifolia), Paederotella (P. pontica), Gadellia (G. lactiflora), Kemulariella (K. colchica, K. caucasica).Tumca, winamdebare angariSis momzadebis dros ver iqna mopovebuli monacemebi

endemuri saxeobebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gavrcelebulia mdinare

enguris xeobaSi xudonhesis zemoT. aseTi tipis analizis gakeTeba aucilebelia

endemuri, gadaSenebis safrTxis vqeS myofi da iSviaTi saxeobebis gansazRvris

mizniT, romelTac emuqrebaT datborvis zonaSi moxvedra. amasTan aucileblad

unda gatardes Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa minimumade iqnas dayvanili aRniSnuli

mcenareebis saxeobebze wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi

zemoqmedeba.

zemo svaneTis regionSi aqtualuria bunebrivi resursebis ararcionalur

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. am regionSi resursebis ganadgurebas

xels uwyobs soflebSi arsebuli cxovrebis dabali done da mosaxleobis

gaRaribeba, ramac Tavis mxriv gamoiwvia merqnis sawvavis saxiT moxmarebis

gazrda da aralegaluri eqsporti. kidev erTi problemaa saZovrebisa

daMmerqnuli struqturis ganadgureba, romelic iwvevs niadagis intensiur

degradacias da erozias. zemoaRniSnuli Sedegad gaxSirda bunebrivi



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katastrofebi rogoricaa wyaldidobebi, mewyerebi da zvavebi. isini zians

ayeneben garemos da anadgureben ekonomikur infrastruqturas. es kidev

erTxel imis dasturia, rom siRaribis pirobebSi ar arsebobs garemos dacva.

aseTi tipis problemebis gaanalizeba da maTi gadaWris RonisZiebebis dagegmva

yovelTvisaa kompleqsuri proeqtis nawili, magaliTad rogoricaa xudonis

wyalSemkrebi auzis marTvisa da dacvis integrirebuli proeqti. eroziis

sawinaaRmdego zomebi, rogoricaa mcire sakontrolo zRudarebis mSenebloba

RvarcofebisaTvis, tyis safaris aRdgena da regeneracia, xeebis moWris

efeqturad dagegmva, romelic unda ganxorcieldes kvalificiuri specialistis

meTvalyureobiT, satyeo saqmianobis warmoebisTvis teritoriebis da

wyalSemkreb auzSi arsebuli yvela saxerxis samuSao pirobebis mkacrad

gansazRvra - yovelive zemoTCamoTvlili aris kompleqsuri proeqtebis

mniSvnelovani nawili. xudonis proeqtis farglebSi aucilebelia am sakiTxebis

maRal doneze damuSaveba, mas Semdeg rac moxdeba savele Seswavla da

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mosazrebebis mosmena.

wyalsacavebis zegavlena faunaze

enguri erT-erTi yvelaze didi mdinarea saqarTveloSi da misi saSualo

wliuri nakadi Seadgen 131 m3/w-s xudonis kaSxlis da hidroeleqtrosadguris

dagegmili mSeneblobis monakveTSi. aseTi didi mdinare bunebriv sazRvars qmnis

cxovelebis gadaadgilebis TvalsazrisiT, rac imas niSnav, rom wyalsacavis

mSeneblobis cxovelebs damatebiTi winaaRmdegoba ar SeeqmnebaT. saqarTvelos

garemos da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier Sedgeneli

CamonaTvalis mixedviT im teritoriaze, romelic datborvis zonaSi xvdeba ar

aris arc nakrZali, arc nacionaluri parki an nadirobisTvis gankuTvnili

daculi teritoriebi.

saqarTveloSiKkavkasionis qedis biomravalferovnebis proeqti moicavs xudonis

wyalsacavis maxloblad mdebare teritorias. es aris miwis nakveTi, romlis

dacvac aucileblia ori saxoebis SenarCunebis mizniT: gadaSenebis saSiSroebis

winaSe mdgari Capra caucasica (dasavleT kavkasiuri turi) da susti ViperaDinniki (dinikis gvelgesla). arsebuli masalebis safuZvelze naTeli xdeba,

rom Capra caucasica iseve, rogorc Vipera Dinniki gavrcelebulia mdinare

enguris auzis zeda monakveTSi, zRvis donidan maRal niSnulze da Sesabamisad

xudonis wyalsacavi maTze zemoqmedebas ver axdens.

zemoqmedebis qveS kidev erTi adgili mdinare engurze, enguris kaSxlis qveda

biefSi, romelsac SesaZloa mzardi efeqti hqondes engurisa da xudonis

wyalsacavebis erToblivi funqcionirebiT gamowveuli nakadis mniSvnelovnad

Secvlis Sedegad. am teritoriis saerTo farTobi Seadgens 23842 heqtars da

igi mdebareobs mdinare enguris qveda welis gaswvriv. is saxeobebi, romlebic

eqceva zemoqmedebis qveS da saWiroeben gadarCenas arian: Acipenser



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gueldenstaedtii (rusuli TarTi), Acipenser persicus (sparsuli TarTi),Acipenser stellatus (varskvalvuri TarTi) and Huso huso (beluga). Tevzis yvela es saxeoba migraciuli tipisaa, romelTa sasicocxlo cikli Sav zRvasa

da mdinare enguris qveda wels Soris fiqsirdeba. enguris kaSxali gaswvrivi

migraciisaTvis xelovnur bariers qmnis da Sesabamisad SeuZlebelia enguris

kaSxlis zeda biefSi TarTis arseboba. swored amis Sedegia is, rom xudonis

kaSxlisa da eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba ver iqneba damatebiTi zemoqmedebis

gamomwvevi mizezi Tevzebis gadaadgilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tevzsargeblobis

TvalsazrisiT, xudonishesis mier dakavebuli teritoria nakleb yuradRebas

imsaxurebs. miuxedavad amisa, aucilebelia xudonis wyalsacavis faunaze

zemoqmedebis Sefasebis detaluri angariSis momzadeba.

wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT Seiqmneba axali balansi veluri faunis saxeobebis

(amfibiebi, wylis frinvelebi da ZuZumwovrebi) axal garemoSi gaCeniT.

garkveulwilad wyalsacavi warmoadgens axal habitats (magaliTisaTvis

migrirebadi wylis frinvelebis dasasvenebli adgili) da faunis garkveul

jgufebSi SesaZloa gamoiwvios biomravalferovnebis xarisxis zrda. Seicvleba

wylis samyaroc (Tevzbi, kibo da uxerxemloebi) – mdinarisTvis damaxasiaTebel

Tevzis saxeobebs tbaSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebi swrafad Caanacvlebs. kalmaxi,

romelsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia biomasisa da TevzWeris

potencialis TvalsazrisiT, advilad Seegueba wyalsacavis garemos.

wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT SesamCnevad gaizrdeba Tevzis biomasa mdinaresTan

SedarebiT. Tumca biomasa darCeba dabal doneze oligotropuli pirobebis da

Tevzis kobrisebrTa saxoebebisTvis qviriTis dadebisTvis aucilebeli

pirobebis ararsebobis Sedegad. garkveuli uaryofiTi zemoqmedebaa

mosalodneli, rogorc mSeneblobis, agreTve wyalsacavis Sevsebis dros, Tumca

unda aRiniSnos, rom es zemoqmedeba droebiTi xasiaTisaa.

zemoqmedeba seismur mdgomareobaze

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi didi wyalsacavebis mSeneblobas Tan mosdevs seismuri

mdgomareobis Seswavla. kvleviTi samuSaoebi fokusirebuli iyo imaze, rom

pasuxi gascemoda Semdeg kiTxvebs: ramdenad moqmedebs mZlavri wyalsacavis

mSenebloba seismur aqtivobaze, aris Tu ara seismuri aqtivizaciis gamowvevis

SesaZlebloba. sxvadasxva zomis da gansxvavebul geologiur pirobebSi

aSenebul wyalsacavebze Catarebuli kvlevebi daskvnebis ganzogadebis

saSualebas iZleva.

xudonis wyalsacavis ZiriTadi parametrebis (SedarebiT mcire sruli

moculoba 230 milioni m3, wylis sarkis zedapiri 400 heqtari, sigrZe

daaxloebiT 8 km) analizis Sedegad saimedo daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba.

aRniSnul wyalsacavisaTvis seismuri gaaqtiureba ar warmoadgens saSiSroebas.

aseTi tipis wyalsacavebSi mgrZnobiare seismografebs SeuZliaT vibraciis

dafiqsireba wyalsacavis pirvelad Sevsebis dros da dauyonebliv Sevsebis

dasrulebisas. aRniSnuli vibracia dabali intensivobiT gamoirCeva da



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mxolod maRali mgrZnobelobis xelsawyoebs SeuZliaT maTi gazomva. am

periodis Semdeg sistema mTlianad stabiluri xdeba seismuri TvalsazrisiT.

arsebul monacemebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xudonis wyalsacavi ver

gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan seismur aqtivobas.

mosaxleobis gansaxlebasTan da socialur ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi

3044.5 km2 farTobis teritoria dasaxlebulia svanebiT. isini dajgufebulni

arian 16 Temad da cxovroben 147 dasaxlebul punqtSi. xaiSi, romelic

warmoadgens erT-erT Tems, ikavebs 30938 heqtar miwis nakveTs da moicavs 10-

10 km-is daSorebiT mdebare, mTebSi gafantul 11 dasaxlebas. xudonis proeqtis

mixedviT wyalsacavis mier datborvis zonaSi xvdeba 6 dasaxleba (sofeli):

xaiSi, zemo xaiSi, qvemo xaiSi, luxi, wvirminda da tobari. gadasaxlebas

eqvemdebareba 264 ojaxi (sul 1000 adamiani 19989 wlis monacemebis

Sesabamisad). Zvel masalebSi miTiTebuli ufro dabali ricxvi (1979).

mosaxleobis garda aqve mdebareobs ramdenime sazogado dawesebuleba,

komerciuli sawarmo da religiuri daniSnulebis nageboba, romlebic aseve

saWiroeben gadatanas, maT Soris: skola, safosto ganyofileba; poliklinika,

maRaziebi, biblioTeka, saxekmwifo dawesebulebebi, sasaflao, eklesiebi da

sxva. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces sasaflaos gadatanas.

gansaxlebisTvis gamoyofili axali teritoria, gadasaxlebis dro da aseve Tu

enguris arsebul wyalsacavze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba

xudonis rezervuari Tavisi mdebareobiT dadebiT gavlenas axdens enguris

wyalsacavsa da hidroeleqtrosadgurze. es gamoixateba SemdegSi:

wyalsacavis SedarebiT dabali tempiT daSlamva. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

80-iani wlebis Semdeg wyalsacavSi dagrovili danaleqis moculobas

(Sefasebulia, rom kaSxlis zeda biefSi Slamis fenis simaRle 50 metrs

aRwevs);

wylis xarisxi wyalsacavis qveda biefSi ukeTesia, radganac wyalsacavs

gaaCnia filtris funqcia;

wyalsacavis mSeneblobiT kargi pirobebi iqmneba orive wyalsacavis

erToblivi muSaobis TvalsazrisiT, rac ufro meti energiis

gamomuSavebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, gansakuTrebiT ki kritikuli

energetikuli periodebis dros d amasTan xels uwyobs qveda biefSi

wylis xarjis efeqtur marTvas.



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rogor ganxorcieldeba gadasaxleba, ganxilul da SeTanxmebul unda iqnas

Tavad mosaxleobasTan.

svanebi didi xnis manZilze izolirebulad cxovroben mosaxleobis SeZlebis

done varirebs Raribidan ukiduresad Raribamde. Amis mizezia niadagis dabali

xarisxi, sakultivacio miwis SezRuduli moculoba, ganuviTarebeli

infrastruqtura, bazarze gasvlis SezRuduli SesaZlebloba da agreTve is

faqtic, rom am regionisTvis damaxasiaTebelia bunebrivi kataklizmebi, rac

Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens mosaxleobasAda NnivTebze. izolaciis Tviseba,

mkacri klimaturi pirobebi da Znelad mimsasvleli gza nakleb problemas

warmoadgens xaiSSi sxva svanur TemebTan SedarebiT.

mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi seriozuli riskis qveS imyofeva

da mosaxleoba Tavs irCens mcire resursebiT da primitiuli sasoflo-

sameurneo saqmianobiT. mecxoveleoba da yvelis warmoeba warmoadgens

Semosavlebis wyaros. regioni yovelTvis iyo cnobili aq moyvanili

kartofilis xarisxis gamo. es aris mxolod im produqtebis CamonaTvali,

romelic naRdi fulis an barteris wyaros warmoadgens. bostneulis, xilisa

da sxva produqtebis warmoeba xdeba sakuTari moxmarebis mizniT. sakvebis

gadamuSaveba komerciuli saqmianobis mizniT aq ar arsebobs.

dReisaTvis satyeo saqmianobaa Semosavlis wyaro imaTTvis, vinc SesaZloa

daqiravebul iqnas am seqtorSi. samwuxarod, tyis safaris masiuri ganadgureba

gamowveulia mTis ferdobebze xeebis ukontrolo WriT. moWrili tye

emsaxureba xe-tyis seqtoris moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas da gamoiyeneba

gaTbobis mizniT. tyis moxmareba kidev ufro gaizrda energetikuli

mdgomareobis gauaresebis paralelurad. zogierT adgilebSi eroziis,

mewyerebis da wyaldidobebis TvalsazrisiT katastrofuli mdgomareobaa, rac

qmnis mosaxleobis gadasaxlebis aucileblobas.



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suraTi 5-11. xudonis wyalsacavis mdebareoba

yvelaze didi sofeli, romelic eqvemdebareba gadasxlebas, aris xaiSi.

samwuxarod xaiSis soflis mkvidrebs erTxel ukve mouxdaT gadasaxleba 1990

wlebis dasawyisSi. gadasaxleba arasworad ganxorcielda. daaxloebiT 275

ojaxi Casaxlebul iqna Tbilisis maxloblad qvemo qarTlis regionSi,

TeTriwyaros raionSi, sakuTari fuZidan daaxloebiT 500 km-is moSorebiT.

axlad Casaxlebulebs Zalian cudi pirobebi daxvdaT. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

Semdegnairad aRwers axal pirobebs: “sasmeli wyali saocnebo iyo. ar

arsebobda eleqtroenergia. saxlebis mSenebloba ganxorcielda droebiTi

daniSnulebis Senoba-nagegobis statusiT, rom gaeZlo mxolod ramdenime weli”.

(informacia moZiebul iqna savele vizitis dros). adamianebis garkveulma

nawilma ver gauZlo am pirobebs da gadawyvita xaiSSi dabruneba.

am gamocdilebis Semdeg mosaxloebas eSinia da ewinaaRmdegeba xudonis kaSxlis

mSeneblobas da kidev erT gadasaxlebas. swored amis gamo gadasaxlebis

efeqturad ganxorcieleba did yuradRebas moiTxovs. Eam amocanis Sesruleba



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unda daevalos kompetentur da gamocdil organizacias Semdegi sociologiuri

faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT:

gansaxlebis gegmaSi moxvedrili mosaxleoba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi

gadawyvets wylis resursebis ganviTarebis proeqtTan TanamSromlobis,

Tu darwmundeba, rom proeqti gaaumjobesebs maT ekonomikur da

socialur pirobebs dRes arsebulTan SedarebiT. amis warmatebiT

ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu investiciebis mimarTva

moxdeba im regionis ganviTarebisken, sadac gansazRvrulia datborvis

zonaSi moxvedrili mosaxleobis gansaxleba.

Zalian saSiSia, roca adamianebi fiqroben, rom maTi interesebi

mTlianad ugulebelyofil iqna da Seewira sxvis interesebs. Tu isini

ver ipovian Tavis interess proeqtSi, amas isini aRiqvamen socialuri

zewolis faqtad da kidev ufro intensiurad gauweven sistemis

ganxorcielebas winaaRmdegobas.

gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebisas aucilebelia yvela

Sesabamisi faqtoris gaTvaliswineba. maT Soris: samuSao adgili,

alternatiuli samuSaos SeTavazebis SesaZlebloba, asaki da sqesi,

ojaxuri kavSirebi, mezobluri urTierTobebi, ojaxebis ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba, Zveli socialuri stadartebi, da sxva. am sferoSi ar

arsebobs umniSvnelo sakiTxebi. yuradRebiT unda SeirCes

gansaxlebisTvis saWiro axali teritoriebi. Tu gadasaxleba exeba

mTlian dasaxlebas an mis umravlesobas, mizanSewonilia urTierTobebis

da adaT-wesebis ufro detalurad Seswavla da gansaxlebis iseTi

konfiguraciiT dagegmva, rom SenarCunebul iqnas samezoblo, ojaxuri

da sxva saxis urTierTobebi. amiT SesaZlebeli iqneba gadasxlebiT

gamowveuli tramvis minimumamde dayvana. cxadia, rom cxovrebis

pirobebi ukeTesi unda iyos im pirobebze, rac am mosaxleobas

gadasaxlebamde hqonda (religiuri funqciis Senobebi, megobrebTan

Sexvedris adgilebi da sxva). aseve aucilebelia sasaflaos gadatanac,

rameTu adamianebs emociuri kavSirebi gaaCnia maTTan mimarTebaSi.

gansaxlebis dagegmva rac SeiZleba adreul etapze unda daiwyos.

mosaxleobam dauyonebliv unda miiRos mimzidveli ekonomikuri

programebis SeTavazeba kompensaciis saxiT.

yuradRebiT unda SeirCes gadasaxlebis dro. iseTi proeqtebisTvis,

romelsac xangrZlivi samSeneblo periodi aqvs, es procesi SeiZleba

etapobrivadac ganxorcieldes, rac Tavis mxriv mosaxleobis

survilebis detalurad Seswavlis saSualebas iZleva.



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Tu mosaxleobis integracia xdeba ukve arsebul dasaxlebasTan,

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa im adgilebis urbanizaciis sakiTxi, sadac

ganxorcieldeba axali mosaxleobis Casaxaleba, radganc es SeiZleba

konfliqtebis mizezic gaxdes. Investorma ar unda dauSvas dasaxlebis

mizeziT arsebuli socialuri da komunaluri standartebis gauareseba

(skolebSi daswreba, jandacva, maRaziebis momarageba da sxva). axali

samuSao adgilebi yuradRebiT unda Seiqmnas da gadanawildes ori

socialur jgufs Soris – axalCamosaxlebulebi da adgilobrivebi.

mudmivi da droebiTi gzebi, gvirabebi da xidebi

zugdidi-mestiis gza erTmaneTs akavSirebs samegrelosa da zemo svaneTs da

regionaluri mniSvnelobis matarebelia. aRniSnuli gza mdinaris xeobas miyveba

da erTmaneTTad akavSirebs mestias zugdidTan da Semdgom TbilisTan. gzebis

infrastruqtura mniSvnelovan investiciebs da kapitalur SekeTebas moiTxovs.

xaiSis dasaxleba zugdidi-mestiis gzis gaswvriv mdebareobs. zugdidan gzis

xarisxi damakmayofilebelia, Tumca mestiamde misasvleli gzis Caxergva xSirad

gamowveulia klimaturi pirobebis gamo. dasaxlebebis damakavSirebeli Sida

gzebi praqtikulad dangreulia da zogierTi maRla mdebare sofeli zamTris

sezonis ganmavlobaSi saerTod izolirebulia.

xudonhesis proeqtis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia droebiTi da mudmivi

gzebis mSenebloba. garda imisa, rom es gzebi xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris

mSeneblobas uzrunvelyofs, amis Sedegad gaumjobesdeba mestiis raionis

mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli pirobebi gaumjobesdeba. yelaze mniSvnelovani

gzebia: 40 km sigrZis betonis gza jvaridan xaiSamde, am gzaze mdebare 6

gvirabi da 100 m sigrZis xidi mdinare laxaniswyalze.



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suraTi 5-12. xudonis wyalsacavis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebuli gzebis

ruka

istoriul, kulturul da bunebriv Zeglebze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba

SezRudul zonaSi arsebuli kulturuli Zeglebis CamonaTvalia (xudonis

garemosdacviTi da socialuri skriningis winaswari angariSis mixedviT,

romelic moamzada BRL-ma 2007 wels):



107

X-XI saukunis sasaflao sofel xaiSSi (gaTxriTi samuSaoebi

nawilobriv ganxorcielda 1979 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiis, arqeologiuri kvlevebis centris svaneTis arqeologiuri

eqspediciis mier);

zemoxsenebuli sasaflos Tavze XII saukunis eklesia, romelic aRmoaCina

svaneTis arqeologiurma eqspediciam, xolo mogvianebiT ki adgilobrivma

mosaxleobam aRadgina. Eelesia dReisaTvis moqmedia.

imave teritoriaze rkinis xanis metalurgiuli saxelosnos (?)

nangrevebi;

gamoqvabuli sofel xaiSSi SuasaukuneebSi damzadebuli Tixis

WurWeliT, romelic axali gzis mSeneblobis dros dafarul iqna miwis

safariT;

metalurgiuli saxelosno gaRma-xaiSSi, mdinare enguris marjvena

sanapiroze;

Suasaukuneebis nasoflari, sasaflao, eklesia, koSki wirmindSi, zemoT

xaiSuras xeobaSi;

Suasaukuneebis sasaflao, eklesia da koSki sofel idlianis qveda

nawilSi, mdinare enguris marjvena sanapiroze;

XII saukunis koSki, romelic agebulia klasikuri periodSi sofel

xaiSis dasavleT mimarTulebiT 3 km-Si, xudonis TaRovanis kaSxlis

pirdapir.

dReisaTvis sofel xaiSSi sami eklesiaa, romelic datborvis zonaSi xvdeba da

eqvemdebareba gadatanas. am eklesiebidan erT-erTi Zalian Zvelia da didi

mniSvneloba aqvs adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis. misi gadatana unda moxdes

zustad igive formis SenarCunebiT (agur-agur). eklesiis gadatanis adgili da

dro unda SeTanxmdes expertebTan, saxelmwifo struqturebis da sapatriarqos

warmomadgenlebTan da adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan. adgili da aq mdebare

istoriuli Zeglebi, romlebic datborvis zonaSi xvdebian, saWiroebs

Seswavlas, analizs Sesabamisi uwyebis mxridan, raTa ganisazRvros Zeglebis

gadatanis da koservaciis meTodebi.

zemo svaneTi

svaneTi erT-erTi yvelaze lamazi da kolorituli alpuri regionia

saqarTveloSi, romelic mdebareobs kavkasiis mTavari qedis samxreT ferdobze,

mdinare enguris auzis zeda welSi, xudonis wyalsacavis zeda biefSi or

mTagrexils Soris - kavkasioni da svaneTi. mxolod erTi mTavari misasvleli

gza arsebobs (romelic mdinare enguris xeobas miuyveba).



108

regionis xangrZlivma izolaciam ganapiroba is, rom zemo svaneTi mTiani

lanSaftis gamorCeuli magaliTia Suasaukuneebis tipis soflebiTa da

koSkebiT, kolorituli peisaJebiTa da gansxvavebuli cxovrebis wesiT.

cnobili svanuri koSkebi (ZirTadad agebulia IX-XII saukuneebSi)

turistebisTvis ufro mimzidvels xdis regionis soflebs. Tumca koSkebis

umetesoba dResac gamoiyeneba sacxovreblad an sxva daniSnulebis nagebobad. am

regionSi daaxloebiT 100-mde marTlmadidebluri samlocveloa, unikaluri

freskebiT, moxatulobiTa da xatebiT; samlocveloebma Semoinaxes qarTuli

kulturis unikaluri nimuSebi.

zemo svaneTis svanuri mosaxleoba, eTnikuri qarTvelebis jgufi, gamoirCeva

cxovrebis Taviseburi wesiT da mravalwliani tradiciebiT: isini

yoveldRiurad saubroben svanur enaze (qarTuli enis jgufi), mravalwliani

tradiciebi maTi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawilia. isini

kerpTayvanismcemlobisa da qristianobis, stumarTmoyvareobis da gvarovnuli

mtrobis kombinacis warmoadgens. cxovrebis tempi jer kidev mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove msofliosgan.

1996 wlidan zemo svaneTis arqiteqturuli Zeglebi Setanil iqna iuneskos

msoflios kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis nusxaSi (ixileT danarT).A

5.2.2. faravnis hidrosadguri

faravnis hidrosadguris aRweriloba

SemoTavazebuli proeqti iTvaliswinebs mdinare faravanze faravanhesis

mSeneblobas. mdinare saTaves iRebs faravnis tbis samxreT nawilSi, sofel fogas

maxloblad, 2079.5 metris simaRleze. igi mtkvarSi Caedineba marjvena mxridan,

sofel xerTvisTan axlos. mdinaris sigrZea 66 km., vardna – 960 m., saSualo

daxriloba 13%, rezervuari – 2278 km2, saSualo simaRle – 2130 m. mdinare

ikvebeba Sereuli wyaroebidan, Tovlisa da wvimis wyliT da gruntis wylebiT.

wliuri nakadis reJimi ori etapisagan Sedgeba: wylis nakleboba zamTarSi da

wyaldidoba zafxulSi. zamTarSi mdinare faravanis minimaluri nakadia 0.020 m3/wm.

faravnis hidrosadguri mdebareobs mdinaris bolo monakveTSi, sadac wylis nakadi

yvelaze didia da qveyanaSi yvelaze didi daxriloba aqvs. saSualo wliuri

nakadia 16.7 m3/wm., xolo vardna – 400 m. daxrilobisa da vardnis aseTi

parametrebi, agreTve saproeqto adgilis siaxlove ZiriTad da sxva gzebTan,

faravnis hidrosadguris teqnikur-ekonomikur parametrebs mimzidvels xdian.

faravnis hidrosadguri saderivacio tipis sadguria, romelSic gamoyenebulia

bolo monakveTi mdinaris SesarTavTan: 1529.0 gradusidan 1128.0 gradusamde.

dadgmuli simZlavrea 120 mgvt, xolo saSualo wliuri generacia – 440 gvt.



109

sadguris saTao nagebobebSi Sedis: dabali vardnis betonies kaSxali, Ria

wyalmimRebi da saleqari. zeda biefSi miwis zedapiris Cveulebrivi donea 1534.2 m.

wyalmimRebi gaTvlilia hidrosadguris wylis xarjis 39 m3/wm saprognozo

sidideze. saleqari mdebareobs wyalmimRebis gamosasvlel portalebsa da

saderivacio gvirabs Soris.

faravnis hidrosadguris arsebul energosistemasTan misaerTeblad

gaTvaliswinebulia regionSi arsebul sabazo qvesadgurSi ori 220 kv.

eleqtrogadamcemi xazis damateba. ZiriTadi eleqtruli kvanZi Sedgeba

generatorisa da transformatoris ori blokisagan.

faravnis hidrosadguris ZiriTadi energetikuli parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi

5.5.:

cxrili 5.5. faravnis kaSxlis da sadguris ZiriTadi energetikuli parametrebi

parametrisazomi

erTeuli faravnis hesi

HPP

miwis zedapiris done zeda biefSi m 1525,0 gamomavali bunebrivi nakadi m3/wm 16,7 hesis saangariSo wylis nakadi m3/wm 39,0 turbinis tipi kaplanis*blokebis raodenoba 3hesis maqsimaluri statikuri wneva m 395,0 saangariSo wneva m 364,0 dadgmuli simZlavre mgvt 122,92 eleqtroenergiis saSualo wliuri

generacia gvt/sT 440

* - savaraudod frensisis an kaplanis

faravnis hidrosadguris mTliani Rirebulebis Sefaseba Semdeg monacemebs

eyrdnoba:

proeqtis arsebuli xelmisawvdomi dokumentacia (miRebuli energetikis

saministrosagan, msofio bankisagan da USAID–sagan);

proeqtis dokumentacia miRebuli sxvadasxva organizaciebisagan

(hidroproeqti, hidroinstituti, basiani, energoproeqti) 2007 wlis

maisSi monacemTa Segrovebis mizniT saqarTveloSi Camosuli misiis

muSaobis dros.

rbil qanebSi gruntis Txris samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007

wlis msoflio fasebiT, 8 aSSDdolari/m3.

kldovan qanebSi gruntis Txris samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra

2007 wlis msoflio fasebiT, 19 evro/m3.



110

kaSxlis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli betonis samuSaoebis sacalo fasi

ganisazRvra arsebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT da specislizirebul

kompaniebTan konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 186 aSSDdolari/m3.

hesis sageneratoro Senobis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli betonis

samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra arsebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT

da specislizirebul kompaniebTan konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 240

aSSDdolari/m3.

armaturis samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio

fasebiT da Seadgina 1.065 aSSDdolari/tona.

rkinis/mowyobilobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio

fasebiT da Seadgina 3.325 aSSDdolari/1 tonaze.

hidromeqanikuri mowyobilobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis

msoflio fasebiT da Seadgina 13.300 aSSDdolari/1 tonaze.

turbinis mowyobilobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio


adgilobrivi gzis (5 km) mSeneblobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra arsebul

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT da specislizirebul kompaniebTan

konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 1.065 aSSDdolari/m1.

Sefasebis mixedviT winaswari samuSaoebis Rirebuleba Seadgens 10%-s mTliani

samuSaoebis Rirebulebisa (romelSic winaswari samuSaoebis Rirebulebac

Sedis).

samuSaoebis moculobebisa da zemoT CamoTvlili erTeuli Rirebulebis

safuZvelz, winaswari SefasebebiT, faravnis hesis Rirebuleba iqneba

daaxloebiT 113.188.600 aSS $ (cxrili 5.6).

faravnis hesis mSeneblobis ekologiuri da socialuri

Sedegebi

faravnis hidrosadguris Sesaxeb Zalian mwiri informaciis safuZvelze SeiZleba

gakeTdes Semdegi winaswari daskvnebi:

faravnis hidrosadguri saderivacio tipisaa. es niSnavs, rom aucilebelia

kaSxlis qveda biefSi kaSxlidan (gamosasvlelebidan) wylis sanitaruli nakadis

(ekologiuri balansis SenarCunebisTvis aucilebeli minimumi) gamodinebis

uzrunvelyofa. im periodSi, rodesac wylis done mdinareSi dabalia (anu

Camonadeni sanitarul nakads utoldeba), aucilebelia wlis nakadis mTlianad

qveda biefSi, mdinaris kalapotSi CaSveba. am sanitaruli nakadis moculoba

unda ganisazRvros wyalmeCxerobis dros dinebis hidrologiuri analizis

Semdeg, biologebis rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad. rodesac wylis done mdinareSi

maRalia, SesaZlebelia Camonadenis gadagdeba hidrosadgurisaken, magram

sanitaruli nakadi yovelTvis unda Caedinebodes mdinaris kalapotSi, kaSxlidan

qveda biefSi.



111

faravnis tbasa da mdinareSi daculi an gadaSenebis saSiSroebis winaSe myofi

Tevzis jiSebi ar aris. Tu aris Tevzis iseTi jiSebi, romlebic migrireben

tbidan mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT, kaSxlis proeqti am faqtis

gaTvaliswinebiT unda SemuSavdes (kaSxalSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos raime

saxis gasasvleli TevzebisaTvis).

Cvens xelT arsebuli dokumentebidan gaugebaria ramdenad grZelia saderivacio

arxi, an aris Tu ara wylis sasargeblo moculobis maragi rezervuarSi. Tu

wylis sasargeblo moculobis maragi ar aris da zemoT aRwerili sanitaruli

nakadis aucilebloba gaTvaliswinebulia, faravnis hesi garemoze uaryofiT

zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens.

saleqarSi daleqili naleqebi savaraudod kargi xarisxis unda iyos da

samSeneblo masalad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli. es proeqtis dadebiTi efeqtia.

cxrili 5.6. faravnis hesis saangariSo xarjTaRricxva

Pfaravnis hesi

aRweriloba erTeuli raodenoba

erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)

1. Emiwis samuSaoebi

1.1 Egruntis Txris samuSaoebi m3 100,000 8 800,000

1.2 ETxra kldovan gruntSi m3 160,000 19 3,040,000

1.3 UmiwisqveSa Txra m3

1.4 Frbili gruntiT Sevseba m3 80,000 9 720,000

1.5 Fkldovani masaliT Sevseba m3

1.6 Tixa m3


1.8 xreSis filtri m3

1.9 gvirabis gaTxra m3

sul 1: 4,560,000

2. betonis samuSaoebi

2.1 kaSxali m3 70,000 186 13,020,000

2.2 hesis Senoba m3 30,000 240 7,200,000

2.3 gvirabi m3

2.4 miwisqveSa betoni m3

2.5 betoni t=30cm m3

2.6 rkinabetoni m3


2.8 winaswar gamzadebuli betoni m3

sul 2: 20,220,0003. rkinis samuSaoebi

3.1 armireba 1000t 3,000 1,065 3,195,0003.2 mowyobiloba 1000t 2,600 3,325 8,645,000sul 3: 11,840,0004. gzebi

4.1 axali mudmivi gzebi m1 5,000 1330 6,650,0004.2 adgilobrivi gzebis rekonstruqcia m1 2,300 133 305,900



112

Pfaravnis hesi


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)

4.3 axali adgilobrivi gzebi m1

4.4 mudmivi gzebis rekonstruqcia m1

4.5 obieqtis droebiTi gzebis

rekonstruqcia m1

4.6 asfalti m2

sul 4: 6,955,9005. duRabi m1

6. drenaJi hr

7. torkretbetoni m2 30,000 47 1,410,000

8. Emowyobiloba

8.1 hidromeqanika 1000t 2,360 13300 31,388,0008.2 turbinebi 1000t 1,700 16000 27,200,0008.3 eleqtruli nawili 1000t

sul 8: 58,588,000sul ( 1-8 ): #######9. Ria gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba jami


11. eqspropriacia jami

12. winaswari samuSaoebi % 5,178,70013. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi % 4,436,000

14. mTliani jami 113,188,600

P

5.2.3. namaxvanis kaskadis hesebi mdinare rionze

mdinare rioni dasavleT saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi mdinarea. igi saTaves iRebs

kavkasionis ZiriTadi qedis myinvarSi da Sev zRvaSi Caedineba foTis maxloblad

(ix. nax. 5-13). mdinaris wyalSemkrebi auzis mTliani farTobia 13418 km2, xolo

mTliani sigrZe - 327 km. wylis saSualo wliuri dinebaa 127 m3/s, rac 4.9

million m3 wylis wliur moculobas udris. sxvadasxva dros rionze 8 didi

hidrosadguri aSenda: lajanurhesi (namaxvanis kaskadis zeda biefSi), gumaThesi 1

da 2, rionhesi da varcixis hesebis kaskadi 1, 2, 3 da 4. (nax. 5-13).



113

grafiki 5-13. mdinare rionze arsebuli da dagegmili hidrosadgurebis sqematuri

ruka

mdinare rionis sistematiuri Seswavla 1909 wels daiwyo. 55 wliani uwyveti

hidrologiuri dakvirvebebis (1931 wlidan 1986 wlamde) da mdinaris

resursebis aTvisebis xangrZlivi istoriis Sedegad didZali monacemebi

Segrovda.

namaxvanis kaskadi sami hidrosadgurisagan Sedgeba. esenia: tviSi, namaxvani da

JoneTi. kaskadSi gamoyenebulia mdinare rionis vardna, lajanurhesis

wyalsacavsa da gumaThess Soris, zRvis donidan 360.0 da 200.0 m simaRleebs

Soris (nax. 5-14).



114

nax. 5-14. mdinare rionze dagegmili hidrosadgurebi (namaxvanis kaskadis sistema)

a) sqematuri ruka, b) teritoriis satelituri xedi

tviSis kaSxalisa da hidrosadguris aRweriloba

kaskadis pirveli (zeda) safexuria tviSis hidrosadguri. igi gamoiyenebs rionis

vardnas 360.00 m.-dan 322.00 m.-nde doneebs Soris. tviSis hidrosadguris

kaSxali mdebareobs viwro kanionSi, cageris raionis sofel tviSis maxloblad.

tviSis kaSxlis midamoebSi wyalSemkrebi auzis mTliani farTi 3425 km2 udris.



115

grafiki 5-15. tviSis kaSxlisa da hesis ganlageba HPP

grafiki 5-16. tviSis kaSxali kveTSi



116

grafiki 5-17. tviSis hidrosadguri kveTSi

sadguri kaSxlis maxloblad mdebareobs (nax. 5-15). tviSis hesis ZiriTadi

nagebobebia: betonis gravitaciuli kaSxali, samSeneblo gvirabi, romelic

SemdgomSi saderivacio gvirabad gamoiyeneba, wyalmimRebi, hesis Senoba, 220 kv

Ria gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba da qveda biefSi ganlagebuli wyalsaSvi kamera.

betonis kaSxlis Txemi ganlagebulia 361.50 m–is simaRleze da qmnis 13.1

milioni m3 tevadobis wyalsacavs, romelSic wylis Segubebis normaluri donea

360.00 m. kaSxali Sedgeba wyalsaSvebisa da gravitaciuli nawilisagan (nax. 5-

15). wyalsaSvis sigrZe 54 metria, xolo sigane - 50 m. kaSxlis fskeri

ganlagebulia aluvialur qanebSi da misi centraluri nawili 306.00 metris

donemde Rrmavdeba. kaSxlis sadawneo sibrtye (zedapiri) vertikaluria,

konsolis safuZveliT. qveda nawilis zedapiri ara-vakuumuri praqtikuli

profilisaa. misi kide 345.00 metris doneze mdebareobs. wyalsagdebebi sami

seqciisagan Sedgeba. TiToeuli seqcia 14 metris sigrZisaa. kaxSali isea

daproeqtebuli, rom wylis maqsimaluri xarji 0.1% rezerviT gaataros, e.i.

1974 m3/wm., imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom hidrosadgurSi gamavali wylis xarjia

336 m3/wm. zeda biefSi wylis donis regulirebis mizniT kaSxlis wyalsagdebSi

damontaJebuli iqneba brtyeli dawyvilebuli saketebi. saketebis marTva moxdeba

stacionaluri jalambaris meSveobiT. seqciuri saketi, romelic remontis dros

gamoiyeneba, imarTeba xiduri amwiT.

qveda biefSi gaTvaliswinebulia Camqrobi Wis mowyoba. sadrenaJo galerea

ganTavsdeba kaSxlis yru nawilSi. mogvianebiT is agreTve gamoyenebuli iqneba

inspeqciis dros. kaSxlis yru nawili mdinaris napirze mdebare kldeSia

SeWrili. kaSxlis fskerze, mTeli miwisqveSa perimetris gaswvriv, iqneba

cementis ekrani.

mSeneblobis dros, kaSxlis qvabulis wylisagan ganTavisuflebis mizniT, mdinare

rionis marcxena napirze dagegmilia samSeneblo gvirabi. kaSxlis mSeneblobis



117

dasrulebis Semdeg gvirabi daixSoba. misi Sua nawili, romelic 309.35 metris

sigrZis iqneba, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas saderivacio gvirabad, wyalmimRebTan

da mimyvani gvirabis or mokle ganStoebasTan kombinaciaSi. samSeneblo gvirabis

mTliani sigrZea 525.65 metri. gvirabi 10% rezerviTaa gaTvlilia mSeneblobis

dros wylis xarjze, rac udris 1100 m3/wm.

gvirabis SesasvlelSi ganlagebul brtyel, mcocav saketebs eqnebaT Rarakebi.

wyalmimRebi esazRvreba kaSxlis wyalsagdebis marcxena mxares da 1200 kuTxes

qmnis. wyalmimRebi gaTvlilia 336 m3/wm savaraudo wylis xarjze. maSi

gaTvaliswinebulia saremonto saketebi. saremonto saketebis Rarakebs eqnebaT 4

damcavi gisosiT, rac maT motivtive narCenebis SeRwevisagan daicavs. damcavi

gisosebis gawmenda moxdeba greiferebiT. saketebis marTva moxdeba xiduri amwis

da 50 tonis tvirTamweobis koWis meSveobiT. sagangebo situaciebisaTvis da

remontisaTvis gaTvlili saketebi damontaJebuli iqneba saderivacio gvirabis

SesasvlelSi. maTi marTva 50 toniani stacionaruli jalambariT ganxorcieldeba.

350.00 metris doneze mdebareobs wyalmimRebi nagebobis zRurbli, romlidanac

ori sadawneo saderivacio gvirabi iwyeba. gvirabis diametri 6.5 metria,

mopirkeTebis sigane - 0.5 metri, xolo gvirabis sigrZe – 51.0 metri. gvirabebi

ZiriTad kldovan qanebSi gadis.

hesis Ria Senobis axlos gvirabis diametri 5.75 metramde mcirdeba da betonis

mopirkeTeba rkinis javSaniT Zlierdeba. hesis SenobaSi damontaJdeba ori bloki,

TiToeuli 50 mgvt simZlavris.

turbinebSi ganavali wylis saangariSo xarji iqneba 336 m3/wm, xolo saSualo

wliuri genracia - 395 gvt.sT. turbinis RerZi 319.60 metris doneze

mdebareobs, xolo samanqano darbazi – 332.00 metris doneze (nax. 5-17). xiduri

amwe hesis SenobaSi damontaJdeba. samontaJo moednamde mowyobilobis

transportireba moxdeba samanqano gziT.

tviSis hesisaTvis saWiro tipis turbinebis proeqti xarkovis turbinebis

qarxanam SeimuSava. turbinis tipia 40- -450. muSa Tvalis diametria 5.5 m.,

brunvebis ricxvia 166.7 bruni wamSi, simZlavre – 51.5 mgvt.

turbinis im adgilas sadac wyali gaivlis, wyalsaSvi milebis qveda biefis

mimarTulebiT gaxsnili xvrelebis saremonto saketebze iqneba Rarakebi,

romlebic SekeTebisa da daTvalierebis mizniTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. saketebi

imarTeba xiduri amwis meSveobiT.

hesSi gamoyenebuli wyali qveda biefis kameraSi Caedineba. kamera mdinarisagan

gamoyofilia kedliT, rom Tavidan aviciloT danaleqi nawilakebis SeRweva

wyaldidobis an wyalsacavis recxvis dros.

tviSis hidrosadguris mTliani Rirebulebis Sefaseba gakeTda Semdeg monacemebze

dayrgdnobiT:



118






muSaobis dros.





gvirabis gaTxris samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis

msoflio fasebiT, da Seadgina 80 aSS dolari/m3.

betonis samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra arsebul gamocdilebaze

dayrdnobiT da specislizirebul kompaniebTan konsultaciebis gziT da

Seadgina 186 aSSDdolari/m3.





hidromeqanikuri mowyobilobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis

msoflio fasebiT da Seadgina 13.300 aSSDdolari/1 tonaze.

eleqtruli mowyobilobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio

fasebiT da Seadgina 16.000 evro/1 tonaze.

winaswari samuSaoebis Rirebuleba Sefasda rogorc mTliani samuSaoebis

Rirebulebis 10%.

gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi Sefasda rogorc 10%mTliani samuSaoebis

Rirebulebisa (winaswari samuSaoebis Rirebulebis CaTvliT).

tviSis hesi mdebareobs saqarTvelos da mTeli regionis yvelaze ufro

seismiur zonaSi.

adgilobrivi gzis (12 km) mSeneblobis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra arsebul

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT da specislizirebul kompaniebTan

konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 1.330 aSSDdolari/m1.

saxlebis da miwebis eqspropriaciis xarjebi Sefasebulia rogorc

7000000 aSS dolari.

samuSaoebis moculobebisa da zemoT CamoTvlili erTeuli Rirebulebis

safuZvelze, winaswari SefasebebiT, tviSi hesis Rirebuleba iqneba daaxloebiT

146.072.700 aSS $.

namaxvanis kaSxlis da hesis aRweriloba

namaxvanis hidrosadguri kaskadis meore safexurs warmoadgens. igi gamoiyenebs

rionis vardnas 310.00 m.-dan 232.00 m.-nde doneebs Soris. namaxvanis



119

hidrosadguris kaSxali mdebareobs viwro kanionSi, wyaltubos raionis sofel

namaxvanis maxloblad, 3 kilometriT zemoT mdinare rionze.

namaxvanis hesis ZiriTadi nagebobebia (nax. 5-15): betonis TaRovani kaSxali,

samSeneblo gvirabi, saeqspluatacio wyalsagdebi, kaSxlis siRrmuli wyalsagdebi

(wyaldidobis dros Warbi wylis gamosaSvebi), hesis Senoba da wylis gamomSvebi

arxi.

betonis TaRovani kaSxali kldovan qanebze - tufobreqCiebze dgas. wylis

Segubebis normaluri donea 310.00 m. wyalsacavis mTliani tevadobaa 156

milioni m3, sasargeblo moculoba – 52 milioni m3. wyalsacavis wylis zedapiri

– 4.9 km2. TaRovani kaSxali eyrdnoba saZirkvels, romelic dgas mdgrad kldovan

danaleq qanebze, xolo mdinaris kalapotis adgilas - betonis fuZeze.

kaSxlis maqsimaluri simaRlea 111 m, TaRis simaRlea 86 metri, xolo fuZis

simaRle 25 metri. kaSxlis sigane cvalebadobs 3.5 metridan Txemis adgilze,

13.4 metramde fuZis adgilas. kaSxlis Txemi mdebareobs 311.00 m doneze (nax. 5-

19). kaSxlis sigrZe Txemis gaswvriv, boZebis gamoklebiT, 315 metria, xolo

malis gaswvriv – 272 m. malis Sefardeba kaSxlis simaRlesTan aris 3.2, xolo

kaSxlis Ziris sisqis Sefardeba mis simaRlesTan udris 0.156-s. proeqtiT

gansazRvrulia, rom kaSxlis ZirSi iqneba 15 metris siRrmis rkinabetoni da

antifiltraciuli ekranis 45 metris siRrmis ori Sre. sadrenaJo ekrani,

40 metris siRrmis WiT, mowyobili iqneba antifiltraciuli faris qvemoT.

grafiki 5-18. namaxvanis kaSxlisa da hesis ganlageba



120

cxrili 5.7. tviSis hidrosadguris saangariSo Rirebuleba

tviSi hesi


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)


1.1 Egruntis Txris samuSaoebi m3 80,000 8 640,0001.2 ETxra kldovan gruntSi m3 200,000 19 3,800,0001.3 UmiwisqveSa Txra m3

1.4 Frbili gruntiT Sevseba m3 50,000 9 450,0001.5 Fkldovani masaliT Sevseba m3

1.6 Tixa m3

1.7 gardamavali filtris zona 4400 33 1452001.8 xreSis filtri m3

1.9 gvirabis gaTxra m3 50000 80 4000000sul 1: 9,035,2002. betonis samuSaoebi

2.1 kaSxali m3 105,000 186 19,530,0002.2 hesis Senoba m3 34,000 212 7,208,0002.3 gvirabi m3 15000 290 43500002.4 miwisqveSa betoni m3


2.6 rkinabetoni m3


2.8 winaswar gamzadebuli betoni m3 2000 465 930000sul 2: 32,018,0003. rkinis samuSaoebi

3.1 armireba 1000t 3,100 1,065 3,301,5003.2 mowyobiloba 1000t 1,000 3325,00 3,325,000sul 3: 6,626,5004. gzebi

4.1 axali mudmivi gzebi m1 12,000 1330 15,960,000

4.2 adgilobrivi gzebis rekonstruqcia m1




rekonstruqcia m1

4.6 asfalti m2

sul 4: 15,960,000



121

5. duRabi m1 6000 185 11100006. drenaJi hr

7. torkretbetoni m2

8. Emowyobiloba

8.1 hidromeqanika 1000t 2,300 13300 30,590,0008.2 turbinebi 1000t

8.3 eleqtruli nawili 1000t 1500 16000 24000000sul 8: 54,590,000sul ( 1-8 ): 119,339,7009. Ria gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba jami 270000010. gadamcemi xazi m' 9000 400 360000011. eqspropriacia jami 7000000

12. winaswari samuSaoebi % 6,550,00013. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi % 6,883,000

14. mTliani jami 146,072,700



122

grafiki 5-19. namaxvanis kaSxali da hidrosadguri kveTSi

TaRovan kaSxals eqneba ori wyalsagdebi. maTi RerZi iqneba 236.000 metris

doneze. wyali gaivlis am wyalsagdebebSi rodesac xarji dabali iqneba.

samSeneblo gvirabis saxSobi daxuruli unda iyos da wyalsacavis Sevsebis sawyis

stadiaze saWiroa wylis xarjis regulireba. TiToeuli Sevsebis dros wylis

Semavali nakadi unda iyos 360 m3/wm. TiToeuli wyalsagdebis liTonis milebis

diametria 5.0 metri, sigrZe – 77.0 metri. wyalsagdebebi iwyeba TaRovani

kaSxlis korpusSi, xolo maTi danarCeni nawili gadis qveda biefSi – betonis

korpusSi, romelic mdebareobs hesis Senobasa da mdinaris marcxena napiris

kldovan ferdobs Soris. manZili wyalsagdebebs Soris aris 7.3 metri.

ZiriTadi da saremonto saketebi mowyobili iqneba qveda biefSi mdebare

xvrelebSi. es saketebi gaTvlilia maqsimalur wnevaze, romelic SeiZleba



123

warmoSvas kaSxalma, radganac wylis gamosaSvebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba hesis

uwyveti muSaobis dros, wyalsacavis dasaclelad. saetebis marTva xdeba

hidravlikuri amZravis meSveobiT, romelic mdebareobs 250.0 metris doneze. 697

metris sigrZis samSeneblo gvirabi aSendeba mdinaris marcxena napirze,

mSeneblobis periodSi mdinaris wylis gadasagdebad. gvirabis Sesasvlelis

zRurblis portali ganTavsdeba 234.35 metris doneze. gvirabi gaTvlilia 1700

m3/wm wylis xarjze (0.1% rezerviT). brtyeli, mcocavi saketebi gamoyenebuli

iqneba samSeneblo gvirabis dasaxurad. roca gvirabis daxurvis dro mova,

saketebi gvirabis zRurblze damontaJdeba avtokranis meSveobiT.

saeqspluatacio wyalsagdebi ganlagebuli iqneba marcxena napirze, rom

maqsimaluri wylis xarji uzrunvelyos. wyalsagdebi Sedgeba Ria

koleqtorisagan da daxrili gvirabisagan, romelic samSeneblo gvirabs uerTdeba

590 kuTxiT. wyalsagdebi gaTvlilia 3325 m3/wm wylis xarjze (0.01% rezerviT).

samSeneblo gvirabi da wyalsagdebi gaivlian tufobrekCiebs da tufo-xreSs.

horizontaluri koleqtoris wina xazi 10.0 metris sigrZisaa. gardamavali

monakveTis sigrZe 16.0 metria, xolo daxrili monakveTisa - 25.0 metri. wylis

gamosaSvebad, zeda biefSi wylis donis regulirebisa da motivtive sagnebis

SeRwevisagan dasacavad saeqspluatacio wyalsagdebs eqneba ori saketi,

segmenturi sarqvelebiT. saketebis marTva moxdeba hidravlikuri amZravebiT.

segmenturi saketebis montaJisa da SekeTebisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqneba

stacionaluri jalambari. brtyeli mcocavi saketebi damontaJdeba segmenturi

saketis win. misi marTva moxdeba Sekiduli amwis meSveobiT.

ori wyalmimRebi koSki ganlagebulia TaRovan kaSxalze, zeda biefis mxridan,

sadac turbinis ori wyalsatari arxi iwyeba. isini kaSxlis saxSobSi gaivlian.

TiToeuli wyalsatari arxis saangariSo wylis xarjia 125 m3/wm. koSkis

simaRlea 81.7 metri. wyalmimRebis zRurbli mdebareobs 288.0 metris doneze.

wyalmimRebis TiToeuli koSks aqvs eqvsi xvreli, romlebic aRWurvilia damcavi

gisosebiT, narCenebis SeRwevisagan dasacavad.

kaSxlis axlos mdebare hesis Ria Senoba qveda biefSia, mdinare rionis

kalapotSi, 202.00 da 250.00 metris doneebs Soris (nax. 5-19). hesis Senobis

SigniT iro bloki moewyoba, TiToeuli 105 megavatis simZlavris. hesis

saangariSo wylis xarjia 366 m3/wm, saangariSo dawneva – 64.9 metri.

eleqtroenergiis wliuri generacia iqneba 928.0 milioni kvt.sT. turbinas wyali

miewodeba betoniT dafaruli metalis wyalsatari arxiT.

Sualeduri sarTulis Weri moewyoba generatoris garsze da hesis Senobis

betonis kedlebze. samanqano darbazi gadaixureba 25 metris siganis rkinabetonis

blokiT. samanqano darbazSi gaTvaliswinebulia 20 metris koWis mqone xiduri

amwe.



124

samontaJo moedani moewyoba meore blokis marjvniv, samanqano darbazis doneze,

231.50 metrze. mowyobiloba Setanili iqneba samontaJo moedanze, hesis

gadaxurul SenobaSi, 5.0 x 5.0 metris Sesasvlelidan. samontaJo moedanze, hesis

Senobamde mowyobilobis transportireba moxdeba saavtomobilo gziT.

namaxvanis hesze dasamontaJebeli turbinebis proeqti xarkovis turbinebis

qarxanas unda SeeimuSavebina. turbinis tipia 90- -450. turbinis frTa

vertikalur-diagonaluri mimarTulebiT unda brunavdes.

daTvalierebis da SekeTebis dros, qveda biefSi ganlagebuli saventilacio

milebis xvrelebi daixureba brtyeli saketis meSveobiT. farebis marTva moxdeba

xiduri amwiT, romelsac babiniani saketuri eqneba.

xiduri amwe damontaJdeba hesis samanqano darbazSi. misi tvirTamweoba iqneba

400/80 tona. hesSi gamoyenebuli wyali rionSi Cava wyalsaSvi arxis meSveobiT.

namaxvanis hidrosadguris mTliani Rirebulebis Sefaseba gakeTda Semdeg

monacemebze dayrdnobiT:






muSaobis dros.





TaRovani kaSxlisaTvis saWiro betonis samuSaoebis sacalo fasi


kompaniebTan konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 186 aSSDdolari/m3, didi

raodenobis betonis saWiroebis gamo.





turbinebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis msoflio fasebiT da

Seadgina 21.500 aSSDdolari/1 tonaze.




Rirebulebis 10%.



125

gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi Sefasda rogorc 10% mTliani samuSaoebis


namaxvanis hesi mdebareobs saqarTvelos da mTeli regionis yvelaze ufro

seismiur zonaSi.

sxva proeqtebisagan gansxvavebiT, am proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia

36 km adgilobrivi gzebis da mSeneblobis obieqtze 30 km axali gzebis

mSenebloba. agreTve saWiroa mudmivi gzebis 80 km-is da mSeneblobis obieqtze 10

km gzis aRdgena. eqspropriaciis Rirebuleba savaraudod Seadgens 26.500.000 aSS dolars.

samuSaoebis moculobebisa da zemoT CamoTvlili sacalo Rirebulebis

safuZvelze, winaswari SefasebebiT, namaxvanis hesis Rirebuleba iqneba

daaxloebiT 322,443,552 aSS $.

cxrili 5.8. namaxvanis hidrosadguris saangariSo Rirebuleba

namaxvanis hidrosadguri


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)


1.1 Egruntis Txris samuSaoebi m3 128,170 8 769,020 1.2 ETxra kldovan gruntSi m3 102,500 19 1,947,500 1.3 UmiwisqveSa Txra m3

1.4 Frbili gruntiT Sevseba m3 38,120 9 343,080 1.5 Fkldovani masaliT Sevseba m3 225900 12 2710800 1.6 Tixa m3


1.8 xreSis filtri m3

1.9 gvirabis gaTxra m3 113900 80 9112000 sul 1: 14,882,400 2. betonis samuSaoebi

2.1 kaSxali m3 224,400 186 41,738,400 2.2 hesis Senoba m3 80,210 200 16,042,000 2.3 gvirabi m3 21670 280 6067600 2.4 miwisqveSa betoni m3


2.6 rkinabetoni m3 2200 212 466400 2.7 ara-armirebuli betoni m3

2.8 winaswar gamzadebuli betoni m3 2600 465 1209000 sul 2: 65,523,400 3. rkinis samuSaoebi

3.1 armireba 1000t 7,030 1,065 7,486,950 3.2 mowyobiloba 1000t 0,385 3,325 1,280,125 sul 3: 8,767,075 4. gzebi

4.1 axali mudmivi gzebi m1 36,000 1330 47,880,000



126

namaxvanis hidrosadguri


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)

4.2 adgilobrivi gzebis

rekonstruqcia m1 60,100 133 7,993,300 4.3 axali adgilobrivi gzebi m1 29940 330 9880200 4.4 mudmivi gzebis rekonstruqcia m1 16940 265 4489100 4.5 obieqtis droebiTi gzebis

rekonstruqcia m1 10500 80 840000 4.6 asfalti m2

sul 4: 71,082,600 5. duRabi m1 25000 185 4625000 6. drenaJi hr 22860 13 297180 7. torkretbetoni m2 33,077 47 1,554,619 8. Emowyobiloba

8.1 hidromeqanika 1000t

8.2 turbinebi 1000t 1,340 21500 28,810,000 8.3 eleqtruli nawili 1000t 1,590 16000 25440000 sul 8: 54,250,000 sul ( 1-8 ): 220,982,274 9. Ria gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba jami

10. gadamcemi xazi m' 47000 400 19000000 11. eqspropriacia jami 26500000

12. winaswari samuSaoebi % 26,648,227 13. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi % 29,313,050

14. mTliani jami 322,443,552

JoneTis kaSxlis da hesis aRweriloba

JoneTis hidrosadguri kaskadis bolo safexurs warmoadgens. igi gamoiyenebs

rionis vardnas namaxvanis hesis qveda biefidan (232.00 m.) gumaTi 1-is

wyalsacavis (200.00 m) doneebs Soris. JoneTis hidrosadguri mdebareobs

sofel JoneTis maxloblad, mdinare rionze, namaxvanis hesidan 3 kilometriT

qvemoT.



127

grafiki 5-20. JoneTis kaSxlisa da hidrosadguris ganlageba HPP

grafiki 5-21. JoneTis hidrosadguri kveTSi HPP

JoneTis hesis ZiriTadi nagebobebia (nax. 5-21): qvanayari kaSxali, zedapiruli

wylsaSvebi da wyalqveSa wyalsagdebi, hesis Senoba, Camqrobi Wa, samSeneblo

gvirabi, saeqspluatacio wyalsagdebi, kaSxlis siRrmuli wyalsagdebi

(wyaldidobis dros Warbi wylis gamosaSvebi) da wylis gadamyvani arxi, romelic

mSeneblobis dros gamoiyeneba.

qvanayari kaSxali dgas mdinaris napiris, anu 205.30 metris doneze. wylis

Segubebis normaluri donea 232.00 m. wyalsacavis mTliani tevadobaa 12.5

milioni m3, sasargeblo moculoba – 6.0 milioni m3. wyalsacavis wylis

zedapiris sarke – 1.25 km2, minimumi – 8 metri, sigrZe 174 metri. kaSxali



128

Sedgeba Tixis gulnarisagan, dafxvnili xreSis filtrebisagan da sxva sayrdeni

qvis prizmebisagan. zeda prizmis daxrilobaa 1:1.7 da 1:1.6, xolo qveda prizmisa

1:1.6 da 1:2.0. kaSxlis zeda prizma uerTdeba bariers, romelic kaxSlis

korpusSi iWreba. kaSxlis mzidi prizmebi qvanayaria. mSeneblobis dros

amoTxrili gamosadegi masalebi qvanayari dambis mosawyobad gamoiyeneba. zeda

ferdi gamagrebuli iqneba ufro msxvili qvebis 2 metris sisqis SriT.

mSeneblobis dros wylis dinebis Sesacvlelad gakeTdeba SemovliTi arxi.

SemovliTi arxis zoma da daxriloba (i=0.01) ganisazRvra hidravlikuri

gaangariSebebis safuZvelze. wylis saangariSo xarjia 1700 m3/wm., rac

iTvaliswinebs 1% rezervs da 10m/wm dasaSveb siCqares. kaSxlis kveTs aqvs

trapeciis forma. misi fskeris siganea 36.0 metri. arxis daxrilobaa 3:1; arxis

sigrZe – 199.5 metri. wyalmimRebis zRurbli ganlagebuli iqneba 190.00 metris

doneze.

hesis Senoba (grafiki 5-20) ganTavsdeba md. rionis marcxena napirze. samanqano

darbazi moewyoba 203.60 metris doneze. ori bloki, TiToeuli 45 mgvt

simZlavris, ganTavsdeba hesis Senobis SigniT. turbinis tipi iqneba 30/800- -500, mbrunavi frTiT. wylis saangariSo xarji iqneba 202.5 m3/s, saangariSo

dawneva 26.0m.

samontaJo moedani moewyoba me-2 blokis marcxniv, samanqano darbazis doneze anu

203.60 metrze. samontaJo moedanze misvla SesaZlebeli iqneba samanqano gziT.

samanqano darbazis SigniT montaJi ganxorcieldeba xiduri amwiT.

hesis Senobis saxuravia praqtikuli profiles mqone wyalsagdebi, romelic

gamoiyeneba wyaldidobis wylis nawilis dasaRvrelad hesis muSaobis dros.

yvelaze maRali wertilia 223.38 metris doneze. wyalsagdebidan wylis

saangariSo xarji iqneba 1570 m3/wm. misi gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi iyo

miRebuli wylis maqsimaluri nakadi 3700m3/wm (0.01% rezerviT). wylis sarini

arxis wina nawili 45 metria da iyofa sam zolad.

ZiriTadi saketebi (15.00-8.00-8.62) ganlagebuli iqneba zedapiruli wyalsagdebis

dasawyisSi. maTi marTva moxdeba stacionaruli amwe meqanizmiT. fskeris

wyalsagdebi blokebs emijneba mdinaris marcxena napiris mxridan. misi

gamtarianoba iqneba 1730 m3/wm.

siRrmuli wyalsagdebis zRurbli iqneba 195.10 m, sigrZe – 54.90 m., qveda biefis

fskeris done - 183.35 m. Sua sayrdeni wyalsagdebs gayofs or zolad. zeda da

qveda biefis siRrmuli wyalsagdebebs eqnebaT brtyeli saketebi. energiis Caqroba

moxdeba qveda biefSi, 70 metris sigrZis da 18 metris siganis Camqrobi Wis

meSveobiT.

sarini arxi gaangariSebulia 405 m3/wm. wylis xarjis gatarebaze. misi sigrZea

1972.6 metri. arxis kveTs trapeciis forma aqvs.



129

gverdiTa wyalsaSvi mowyobili iqneba sarin arxze, uSiualod Camqrobi Wis

maxloblad. wyalsaSvi gaTvlilia 3310 m3/wm saproeqto gamtarobaze. wyalsaSvis

zRurbli iqneba 202.00 metris doneze. misi siganea 121.0 m.

hesis meqanikuri nawili mdebareobs qveda da zeda biefebSi. saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli turbinis SesasvlelSi arsebuli wina dawyvilebuli

xvrelebi SeiZleba daixuros. TiToeuli turbinis kameris SesasvlelSi arsebul

orive xvrels aqvs damcavi cxaura, romelic SeiZleba gaiwmindos greiferebiT.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damcavi gisosebis RarakebSi SeiZleba damontaJdes

saremonto saketebi. zedapiruli wyalsagdebis sami naxvreti SeiZleba daixuros

1 metris simaRlis brtyeli gorgolaWebiani saketebiT. maTi marTva moxdeba 1

metris simaRlis stacionaruli bagiriani amweTi. saremonto saketebs eqnebaT

Rarakebi mTavari saketis Rarakebis win.

siRrmuli wyalsagdebi iketeba gorgolaWebiani saketebiT. saketebis marTva xdeba

hidravlikuri amwis meSveobiT, romelic damontaJebulia specialur niSaSi,

hermetiuli saxuravis Rarakebis zemoT. narCenebis gamfiltravi gisosis

saremonto saketebi, greiferi, zedapiruli da siRrmuli wyalsagdebebi imarTeba

xiduri amwis meSveobiT.

remontisa da daTvalierebis miznebisaTvis, gamomavali milenis boloebi SeiZleba

daixuros mcocavi saketebis meSveobiT, xolo siRrmuli wyalsagdebis xvrelebi

SeiZleba daixuros seqciuri saketebiT. qveda biefSi mdebare farebis marTva

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes amwe meqanizmis meSveobiT.

JoneTis hidrosadguris mTliani Rirebulebis Sefaseba gakeTda Semdeg

monacemebze dayrdnobiT:






muSaobis dros.





miwisqveSa gaTxriTi samuSaoebis sacalo fasi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis

msoflio fasebiT, 61 aSSDdolari/m3

TaRovani kaSxlisaTvis saWiro betonis samuSaoebis sacalo fasi


kompaniebTan konsultaciebis gziT da Seadgina 186 aSSDdolari/m3.



130








Rirebulebis 10%.

gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi Sefasda rogorc 10% mTliani samuSaoebis


JoneTis hesi mdebareobs saqarTvelos da mTeli regionis yvelaze ufro

seismiur zonaSi.

samuSaoebis moculobebisa da zemoT CamoTvlili sacalo Rirebulebis

safuZvelze, winaswari SefasebebiT, JoneTis hesis Rirebuleba iqneba

daaxloebiT 173,299,161 aSS $.

namaxvanis kaskadis ZiriTadi parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi 5.10.



131

cxrili 5.9. JoneTis hidrosadguris saangariSo Rirebuleba

JoneTis hesi


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)

aRweriloba

1. Emiwis samuSaoebi m3 204,200 8 1,633,600 1.1 Egruntis Txris samuSaoebi m3 1,435,000 19 27,265,000 1.2 ETxra kldovan gruntSi m3 6200 61 378,200 1.3 UmiwisqveSa Txra m3

1.4 Frbili gruntiT Sevseba m3 230750 53 12,229,750 1.5 Fkldovani masaliT Sevseba m3 31900 32 1,020,800 1.6 Tixa 25300 33 834,900 1.7 gardamavali filtris zona m3 26100 40 1,044,000 1.8 xreSis filtri m3

1.9 gvirabis gaTxra 44,406,250 sul 1:

2. betonis samuSaoebi m3 111,300 186 20,701,800 2.1 kaSxali m3

2.2 hesis Senoba m3 2420 280 677,600 2.3 gvirabi m3 6600 240 1,584,000 2.4 miwisqveSa betoni m3


2.6 rkinabetoni m3


2.8 winaswar gamzadebuli betoni 22,963,400 sul 2:

3. rkinis samuSaoebi 1000t 5,130 1,065 5,463,450 3.1 armireba 1000t 142 3,325 473,148 3.2 mowyobiloba 5,936,598 sul 3:

4. gzebi m1

4.1 axali mudmivi gzebi m1

4.2 adgilobrivi gzebis

rekonstruqcia m1




rekonstruqcia m2

4.6 asfalti

5. duRabi m1 2100 185 388500 6. drenaJi hr

7. torkretbetoni m2

8. Emowyobiloba

8.1 hidromeqanika 1000t 2,889 13300 38,423,700 8.2 turbinebi 1000t

8.3 eleqtruli nawili 1000t 1,944 16000 31104000



132

JoneTis hesi


erTeulis

fasi (aSS

$)

Pfasi (aSS

dolari)

sul 8: 69,527,700 sul ( 1-8 ): 143,222,448 9. Ria gamanawilebeli mowyobiloba jami


11. eqspropriacia jami

12. winaswari samuSaoebi % 14,322,245 13. gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi % 15,754,469

14. mTliani jami 173,299,161

cxrili 5.10 namaxvanis kaskadis proeqtisMZiriTadi parametrebi

parametri Usazomi

erTeuli

JoneTi

HPP

namaxvani

HPP tviSi HPP

wyalSemkrebi auzi km2 3520 3425 3220 hidrometeorologiuri

dakvirvebebis xangrZlioba Yweli 55 55 55

wliuri Camonadeni milioni m3 4980 4910 4860 damaxasiaTebeli wylis

xarjiebi:

a) mravalwliani saSualo m3/s 158 156 154 b) maqsimumi, 0.01%

PrezerviT m3/s 3700 3700 3630

rezervuaris parametrebi:

a) wylis normaluri done m 232 310 360 b) wylis sarkis farTi km2 1.25 4.9 0.74g) wylis donis vardna m 6 12 3d) mTliani moculoba milioni m3 12.5 156 13.1 e) sasargeblo moculoba milioni m3 6.0 52.0 1.8

regulirebis tipi - DdRiuri sezonuri LdRiuri

limitirebuli

wylis dawneva

a) maqsimaluri m 32.0 83.6 36.8 b) normaluri m 27.0 75.5 33.3 g) minimaluri m 24.4 64.5 30.0 wylis normaluri xarji m3/s 416 366 336 hesis simZlavre

a) dadgmuli mgvt 2x50 = 100 2x125 = 250 2x50 = 100 saSualo wliuri

generacia gvt 276 897 395



133

wlis ganmavlobaSi

muSaobis xangrZlioba

saSualo (mravalwliani)

dadgmuli simZlavriT

saaTi 2760 3588 3950

* wyaro: Pre-feasibility review of Namakhvani Cascade of hydropower plants,prepared by USAID, July, 2006 (“namaxvanis kaskadis hesebis winaswari Seswavla”

USAID, ivlisi, 2006)

namaxvanis kaskadis ekologiuri da socialuri Sedegebi

angariSis es nawili ZiriTadad eyrdnoba “namaxvanis kaskadis hesebis winaswar

Seswavlas”, romelic gakeTda USAID-is mier 2006 wlis ivlisSi. USAID-is

aRniSnuli kvleva momzadda yovlismomcveli masalebis safuZvelze, romlebic

informacias Seicavdnen sxvadasxva ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis

Sesaxeb. zogierTi aseTi kvlevebis CamonaTvali mocemulia qvemoT:

hidrometeorologiuri kvleviTi samecniero instituti – gamoyenebul iqna

gumaThesisa da lajanurhesis monacemebi, maTi siaxlovisa da msgavsi bunebrivi

pirobebis gamo. amis msgavsad, wylis temperatures prognozisaTvis

gamoyenebul iqna galisa da Tbilisis wyalsacavebis monacemebi.

botanikis institutma, mcenareTa dacvis institutma da metyeveobis

institutma samSeneblo obieqtebze mcenareuli safaris damoukidebeli kvleva

Caatares.

namaxvanis kaskadis SesaZlo Sedegebis prognozirebis mizniT metyeveobis

institutma Seiswavla lajanurhesis wyalsacavis zemoqmedeba msgavsi tipis

tyeze.

mcenareTa dacvis institutma gamoikvlia mavnebelTa sistemebis bio-

ekologiuri sakiTxebi.

sainJinro institutma "saqSavzvaTevzmSenma" daiTvala Tevzis mrewvelobis

mTliani saprognozo zianis Rirebuleba.

cxovelTa samyaroze SesaZlo zemoqmedebis Sesafaseblad zoologiis

institutma Seiswavla gumaThesis teritoriis fauna.

geografiis institutis “landSaftis laboratoriam” Seiswavla mSeneblobis

SesaZlo zemoqmedeba landSaftze.

saqarTvelos sanitariisa da higienis institutma Seiswavla wyalsacavebis

SesaZlo zemoqmedeba teritoriis higienur mdgomareobaze.

parazitologiisa da tropikuli daavadebebis institutma Seiswavla

analopenogenuri tborebi 5 kilometris radiusSi.

soflis meorneobis radiologiis institutma Seiswavla rionis auzis

wyalsacavebze SesaZlo zemoqmedeba radiologiuri TvalsazrisiT.

istoriis, arqeologiisa da anTropologiis institutma moawyo

arqeologiuri eqspedicia istoriuli Zeglebis Seswavlis mizniT.



134

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo miwis mowyobis institutma “saqsaxmiwproeqtma”

SeimuSava tyis Wrisa da gatanis proeqti.

saqarTvelos sanitariisa da higienis institutma SeimuSava wyalsacavis

teritoriis sanitaruli momzadebis proeqti.

saqarTvelos sanitariis institutma Seiswavla wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze.

Cveni angariSis momzadebis dros zemoxsenebuli kvlevebi da maTi Sedegebi

xelmisawvdomi ar iyo. Sesabamisad, maTi analizi da daskvnebis dadastureba

SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. miuxedavad amisa, zogadi daskvnebi gakeTda sxvadasxva

rezervuarebze Catarebuli mTeli rigi kvlevebis safuZvelze.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba klimatze

obieqtis SemoTavazebul teritoriaze hava Tbili da nestiania. saSualo wliuri

temperaturaa 13.8°C. zamTarSi absoluturi minimumia -16°C, xolo absoluturi

maqsimumia + 40°C, agvistoSi. naleqebis saSualo wliuri donea 1695mm. sofel

namaxvanis hidrometeorologiuri sadguris monacemebiT aq Warbobs samxreTis

qarebi. sixSiris mixedviT meore adgilzea aRmosavleTis qari. qaris saSualo

siCqarea 2.1 m/wm, maqsimaluri – 12-13 m/wm. saSualo wliuri aorTqleba 718 mm.

dakvirvebis periodSi Tovlis maqsimaluri done udrida 130 sm-s.

rodesac 1980 wels serbeTSi studenicas wyalsacavis proeqti SemuSavda

(romelsac namaxvanis wyalsacavis msgavsi fizikuri parametrebi aqvs), msoflios

TvalsaCino eqspertebma Seiswavles garemoze zemoqmedebis sakiTxebi,

gansakuTrebiT temperature da tenianoba (es kvleva nawilobriv imis gamo

Catarda, rom wyalsacavis maxloblad aris Zvirfasi freskebis mqone eklesia).

aRniSnuli ori kvlevis Sedegebi erTmaneTs daemTxva. kerZod, wyalsacavi

temperaturaze moqmedebs rezervuaridan 0.8 – 2 km-is zonaSi (rac

damokidebulia sezonsa da qarze). misi zemoqmedeba dadebiTia (stabilurobas

iwvevs) – zafxulSi temperatura mcirdeba (ramodenime gradusiT), xolo

zamTarSi matulobs. igive SeiZleba iTqvas tenianobazec. tenianoba matulobs

igive zonis farglebSi da dadebiTad moqmedebs mis mcenareulobaze.



135

zemoxsenebuli gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom wyalsacavis maxloblad

biomravalferovneba ufro didia. serbeTis mecnierebisa da xelovnebis akademiaSi

(SANU) am sakiTxebisadmi

miZRvnili

samecniero diskusia

gaimarTa, romlis

Sedegadac

biologebi igive

daskvnamde mividnen.

ufro adre es

daskvnebi

dadasturda

saqarTvelos hidro-

meteorologiis

samecniero

institutis mier.

adgilobriv klimatur pirobebze namaxvanis kaskadis wyalsacavebis SesaZlo

zemoqmedebis Sefasebis mizniT kvleviTma institutma gumaTisa da lajanuris

wyalsacavebis monacemebi gamoiyena, maTi siaxlovisa da msgavsi bunebrivi

pirobebis gamo. garda amisa, wylis temperaturis prognozisaTvis gamoyenebul

iqna galisa da Tbilisis wyalsacavebis monacemebi. Sedegebma aCvenes, rom

wyalsacavebis mSeneblobis Sedegad md. rionis auzSi klimaturi cvlilebebi

mosalodneli ar aris.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba mcenareulobaze da soflis meurneobaze

soflad ekonomikis ZiriTadi dargia soflis meurneoba – mevenaxeoba da

mebaReoba. mindvris kulturebis gaSeneba Tavisi mniSvnelobiT meorexarisxovania

da mTis mdeloebi saqonlis saZovrebad gamoiyeneba.

namaxvanis wyalsacavis bolos, sofel tviSsa da orxSi mevenaxeobisa da

meRvineobis mikro-regioni Camoyalibda, sadac mzaddeba didi Rirebulebis mqone

Rvino „tviSi“. am teritoriis qvemoT mdebare venaxebze ufro dabali xarisxis

yurZeni modis. aq agreTve moyavT Semdegi saxeobis xili: vaSli, msxali, qliavi,

atami, leRvi, wabli da a.S. agreTve aris cais mcire plantaciebi.

mrewveloba warmodgenilia soflis meurneobis produqtebis gadamamuSavebeli

mcire sawarmoebiT. sofel tviSSi aris Rvinis qarxana da Spatis sabadoebi,

romelTa mopoveba jerjerobiT ar xdeba. mSeneblobis SemoTavazebuli adgili

SedarebiT mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli. muSaobis sawyis etapze proeqti Seicvala da

or-safexuriani kaskadis sistema sam-safexurianad gadakeTda. amis erTerTi

yvelaze mniSvnelovani mizezi iyo sofel tviSsa da orxSi colikauris jiSis

adre Sesrulebuli kvlevebis da gamocdilebis safuZvelze

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom namaxvanis kaskadis teritoriaze

mikroklimatis mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar moxdeba.

amJamad arsebul mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT wyalsacavebis

moculoba mcirea. zogierTi mciredi cvlileba

mosalodnelia mxolod namaxvanis wyalsacavis teritoriaze.

esenia temperaturisa da tenianobis maCveneblebis cvlileba

wylidan 700-800 metris zonaSi. ufro did manZilebze

xelsawyoebma cvlilebebi ar aCvenes. im SemTxvevaSic,

rodesac cvlilebebi mosalodnelia, isini umeteswilad

pozitiuria: haeris ukiduresi temperaturebi ufro

zomieri xdeba (zafxulis maqsimaluri temperatura ufro

dabalia, xolo zamTris minimaluri temperatura ufro

maRali). tenianoba savaraudod moimatebs, rac dadebiTad

imoqmedebs teritoriis florasa da biomravalferovnebaze.



136

yurZnis venaxebis datborvis Tavidan acileba, radgan aq niadagisa da klimatis

unikaluri pirobebi maRali xarisxis Rvinis - „tviSis“ warmoebis saSualebas

iZleva. mevenaxeobisa da mebaReobis samecniero kvleviTma institutma daamtkica,

rom sxva zonebsa da simaRleebze venaxebis gadatana Rvinis xarisxs Secvlis. amis

gamo sistemis proeqti seixvala da rezervuarebi venaxebze zemoqmedebas aRar

moaxdenen.

mSeneblobisaTvis gamoyofili miwis mTliani farTia 1743.13 heqtari.

rezervuarebisa da mdinaris napirebis farTobia 924.71 heqtari, maT Soris

sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis farTia 296.94 heqtari, romlidanac 27.06 heqtari saTibebs ukaviaT, 32.90 heqtari - baRebs, 29.93 heqtari –venaxebs, 51.60 heqtari - kerZo fermebs da 2.95 heqtari – Cais plantaciebs.

proeqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos kompensaciebi sasoflo-sameurneo miwis

datborvis Sedegad fermerTa mier miRebuli zaralis asanazRaureblad. amisaTvis

ori SesaZlo scenari arsebobs: fuladi kompensacia da sxva adgilas sasoflo-

sameurneo miwis gamoyofa. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces miwis

kategorias, farTs, manZils fermeris saxlidan da a.S. arsebuli dokumentaciis

mixedviT, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis dakargvis kompensaciis Tanxebi Setanilia

mSemneblobis xarjTaRricxvaSi.

kaskadis mSeneblobis mizniT miwebis gasxviseba mniSvnelovnad ar imoqmedebs

regionSi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebis SesaZleblobaze. wyaltubos

raionSi gasasxvisebeli (mSeneblobisaTvis gamosayenebeli) miwis farTi raionis

mTeli farTis 1.81% –s Seadgens, cageris raionSi - 0.51%-s, xolo tyibulis

raionSi mxolod 0.08%-s. sasoflo-sameurneo miwis dakargvis Sedegad fermerTa

mier miRebuli zaralis kompensaciis Tanxa ganisazRvra ministrTa sabWos

dadgenilebaSi, 1976 wels.

botanikis institutma, mcenareTa dacvis institutma da metyeveobis institutma

samSeneblo obieqtebze mcenareuli safaris damoukidebeli kvleva Caatares. am

institutebis mier gakeTebuli daskvnebis mixedviT hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba

da Semdgomi eqspluatacia raime seriozul uaryofiT zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens

mcenareul safarze. kvlevam „kavkasia biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertili“

(Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot) aCvena, kaskadis zemoqmedebis zonaSi safrTxis

winaSe myofi mcenareebis saxeobebi ar aris.

namaxvanis kaskadis SesaZlo Sedegebis prognozirebis mizniT metyeveobis

institutma Seiswavla lajanurhesis wyalsacavis zemoqmedeba msgavsi tipis

tyeze. am kvlevaze dayrdnobiT institutma gaakeTa daskvna, rom wylis

zedapiruli da miwisqveSa dinebebis fizikuri parametrebi mniSvnelovnad ar

Seicvleba da amrigad wyalsacavebi uaryofiT zemoqmedebas ar moaxdenen tyis

ekosistemebze.



137

mcenareTa dacvis institutma gamoikvlia mavnebelTa sistemebis bio-ekologiuri

sakiTxebi. kvlevam aCvena, rom garemos saSualo temperatura da tenianoba

mniSvnelovan rols asruleben. vinaidan haeris temperatura da tenianoba ar

Seicvleba, wyalsacavebi uaryofiT zemoqmedebas ar moaxdenen mavnebelTa

biologiur maxasiaTeblebze, zrdaze da ganviTarebaze.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba faunaze

md. rioni saqarTvelos yvelaze didi mdinarea. kaskadis sistemis zeda biefSi

(tviSis hidrosadguri) mdinaris wliuri Camonadenia 154 m3/wm. aseTi didi

mdinare cxovelebis moZraobis bunebriv dabrkolebas qmnis, rac imas niSnavs, rom

wyalsacavebis Sevseba cxovelTa moZraobas ukve veRar daabrkolebs. datboril

teritoriaze ar binadroben daculi an gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi

saxeobebi.

md. rionis qveda nawili (quTaisisa da kaskadis sistemis qvemoT) kavkasiis mcire

qedis dasavleTi koridorSi gadis (monacemi aRebulia kvlevidan „kavkasia

biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertili“). aq gvxvdebian Tevzis daculi saxeobebi :

Acipenser sturio (baltiis TarTi), Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (rusuli TarTi),Acipenser persicus (sparsuli TarTi), Acipenser nudiventris (TarTi), Acipenser stellatus (varskvlavuri TarTi), Huso huso (svia). es migraculi saxeobis Tevzebia,

romlebic md. rionis qveda nawilidan Sav zRvamde gadaadgildebian. mdinaris

gaswvriv moZraobisas maT xvdebaT dabrkolebebi (varcixis, rionis da gumaTis

hidrosadgurebi). amis gamo namaxvanis kaskadis hesebi ukve veRar moaxdenen

uaryofiT zemoqmedebas Tevzebis migraciaze. mSeneblobis teritoria Tevzis

mrewvelobisaTvis mniSvnelovani ar aris.

wyalsacavebis Seqmnis Semdeg Seicvleba hidrobiologiuri reJimi da sakvebis

moxmareba, rac niSnavs, rom Tevzis saxeobebis Seicvleba. sainJinro institutma

„saqSavzRvaTevzmSenma” daiTvala, rom Tevzis mrewvelobis dargis mTliani

zarali 3.85 tona iqneba. amrigad, proeqti iTvaliswinebs RonisZiebebis

gatarebas, romlebmac xeli unda Seuwyon Tevzis (kerZod TeTri TarTis)

moSenebas.

cxovelTa samyaroze SesaZlo zemoqmedebis Sesafaseblad zoologiis institutma

Seiswavla gumaThesis teritoriis fauna. misi daskvnebi Semdegia:

miwiszeda faunas raodenobriv an xarisxobriv oarapetrebSi raime

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi mosalodneli ar aris. adgili aqvs mxolod

ramodenime saxeobis ZuZumwovarTa migracias;

wyalsacavebiT gamowveuli zoologiuri efeqti Zalian dabali iqneba.



138

md. rionze energosistemis gafarToebis Sedegad iseTi pirobebi iqmneba, romlis

drosac aucilebelia damatebiTi nagebobebis gaTvaliswineba Tevzebis migraciis

uzrunvelsayofad. aseTi nagebobebi unda Seiqmnas saSiSroebis winaSe, ZiriTadad

kritikuli saSiSroebis winaSe mdgari saxeobebisaTvis: Acipenser sturio (baltiis

TarTi) da gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (rusuli

TarTi), Acipenser persicus (sparsuli TarTi), Acipenser nudiventris (TarTi), Acipenser stellatus (varskvlavuri TarTi), Huso huso (svia).

mSeneblobis da wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba landSaftze da dasvenebisa

da turizmis ganviTarebaze

wyalsacavebis mSeneblobis dros xSirad xorcieldeba Semdegi zomebi:

- wyalSemkrebi auzis dacva: eroziis kontrolisa da profilaqtikis zomebi,

tyeebis, saZovrebis da mdeloebis menejmenti da dacva;

- sanitaruli dacva: sanitaruli dacvis zonebis gansazRvra wyalsacavSi

sakvebi nivTierebebis Cadinebis Semcirebis mizniT, masSi evtrofiuli

procesebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT; sakanalizacio sistemebis da gamwmendi

nagebobebis gaumjobeseba (an axlis Seqmna) dasaxlebul adgilebSi;

- turizmisa da dasvenebis seqtorebis ganviTareba: teritoriis keTilmowyoba

turizmis ganviTarebisa da landSaftis faseulobis amaRlebisaTvis, mwvane

zonebis da parkebis Seqmna, turistebisaTvis saTanado infrastruqturis

Seqmna, napirebis mowyoba ise, rom wyalsacavTan misvla gaadvildes,

meTevzeebisaTvis, turistebisTvis da wylis sportisaTvis saWiro

nagebobebis Seqmna.

lamazi landSafti da turistuli marSrutebis arseboba, agreTve is garemoeba,

rom namaxvanis kaskadis sistema SedarebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul teritoriaze

mdebareobs, didi qalaqis (quTaisis) maxloblad, karg pirobebs seqmnis

turizmisa da dasvenebis zonis Sesaqmbelad. wyalsacavebis maxloblad SeiZleba

turizmisa da dasvenebis mTeli kompleqsis Seqmna.

proeqtis SemuSavebis procesSi aucilebelia SemuSavdes teritoriis ganviTarebis

kompleqsuri gegma, romelic wyalsacavebis garSemo arsebuli farTobis

ganviTarebis, gamoyenebisa da dacvis sakiTxebs Seexeba. am dokumentSi

gansazRvruli iqneba zonis sanitaruli dacvis RonisZiebebi da pirobebi,

romelTa Sesrulebac savaldebulo iqneba, wyalsacavis zonaSi mSeneblobis

nebarTvis misaRebad (Tuki es saerTod nebadarTuli iqneba). am pirobebSi

gawerili iqneba gzebis marSrutebi, SemTxveviTi dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis

RonisZiebebi da a.S. es mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, rac saxelmwifos mxridan mTeli

rigi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs.

geografiis institutis landSaftis laboratoriam Seiswavla mSeneblobis

SesaZlo zemoqmedeba landSaftze. am kvlevam aCvena, bunebrivi pirobebi



139

SemoTavazebuli mSeneblobisaTvis sasikeToa. kaskadis gonivruli mSeneblobisa da

eqspluataciis SemTxvevaSi landSafti ar dazaraldeba.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba teritoriis higienur mdgomareobaze

1983-1991 saqarTvelos sanitariisa da higienis institutma Seiswavla

wyalsacavebis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba teritoriis higienur mdgomareobaze

(alpanidan JoneTamde). kvlevan aCvena, rom gasuli wlebis manZilze sanitarul-

higienuri mdgomareoba ar gauaresda da zog SemTxvevaSi gaumjobesda kidec.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba wylis xarisxze

namaxvanis wyalsacavebi wylis xarisxs ar gaauareseben. tviSisa da JoneTis

hidrosadgurebis wyalsacavebSi Tbur stratifikacias adgili ar eqneba (frudis

parametric, romelsac agreTve “Tburi stratifikaciis “ uwodeben (SI) udris

SI=Fr>1). wylis mTliani moculobis Secvlis periodi daaxloebiT erT dRes

udris, rac imas mowmobs, rom wyalsacavebSi igive parametrebi iqneba, rac

mdinareSi. namaxvanis hesis wyalsacavSi stratifikacia moxdeba, magram Zalian

Zlieri ar iqneba (0.1<Fr<1 - dabali stratifikacia) da stratifikaciis aseTi

xarisxi mniSvnelovnad ver imoqmedebs wylis xarisxis parametrebze. wylis

mTliani moculobis Secvlis periodia 12 dRe, rac niSnavs, rom wylis xarisxi

ar gauaresdeba.

cxrili 5.11. stratifikaciis indikatori da eutrofikaciis SesaZlebloba

namaxvanis kaskadis wyalsacavebSi

rezervuari stratifikaciis

indikatori SIstratifikaciis

done

wylis Secvlis

periodi

eutrofikacii

SesaZlebloba

JoneTi 2.3 stratifikacia ar

aris

22 saaTi ara

namaxvani 0.2 mcire

stratifikacia.11.6 dRe mcire

tviSi 2.5 stratifikacia ar

aris

22 saaTi ara

mouxedavad amisa, wylis xarisxi SeiZleba gaumjobesdes. qvemoT CamoTvlilia

rekomendirebuli RonisZiebebi:

srulfasovani sakanalizacio da wylis gamwmendi sistemebis mowyoba

regionis msxvil dasaxlebul adgilebSi;

samrewvelo sawarmoebs unda hqondeT adgilobrivi wylis gamwmendi

sistemebi dabinZurebuli gamoyenebuli wylis gasawmendad;



140

wyalsacavebis mimdebare teritoriaze sasuqebis gamoyeneba unda

SeizRudos;

mesaqonleobis msxvili fermebi ise unda iyos mowyobili, rom nakeli da

wunwuxi teritorias ar abinZurebdes.

TiToeuli wyalsacavis proeqtis SemuSavebis dros unda Catardes kvleva

wyalsacavis mTeli zonis reabilitaciisaTvis. am kvlevam unda gasces pasuxi

iseT kiTxvebze, Tu rogor unda moxdes xeebis Wra da mcenareulobis gatana,

rogor und aCatardes TiToeuli dasaSleli/gasatani nagebobis sanitaruli

gamuSaveba da neSompalis gatana, romelsac SeuZlia eutrofikaciis procesi

gamoiwvios da a.S. am RonisZiebebis gatarebis grafiki Zalian guldasmiT unda

SemuSavdes da Sesruldes. teritoriis gawmendisTanave wyalsacavis Sevseba

dauyovnebliv unda daiwyos, rom Tavidan aviciloT mcemnareulobis swrafi zrda

da amgvarad rezervuaris Sevsebis Semdeg eutrofikaciisaTvis xelsayreli

pirobebis Seqmna. TavisTavad cxadia, rom momaval wyalsacavSi wylis

autrofikaciis xarisxi zemoT CamoTvlil zomebze iqneba damokidebuli.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo miwis mowyobis institutma “saqsaxmiwproeqtma”

SeimuSava tyis Wrisa da gatanis proeqti (“namaxvanis kaskadis hesebis proeqtis

mizanSewonilobis winaswar angariSSi” mocemuli informaciis Tanaxmad).

dokumentaciis mixedviT, wyalsacavis teritoriaze xeebisa da buCqebis Wra

ganxorcieldeba 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi, wyalsacavis srul Sevsebamde. am raionSi

samSeneblo xe-tyis resursebi mwiria, radganac tyeebi intensiurad iCexeboda.

amis gamo, ioli iqneba moWrili xeebis gamoyeneba wyalsacavis mimdebare

terotoriaze.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba malariasTan dakavSirebul situaciaze

parazitologiisa da tropikuli daavadebebis institutma Seiswavla

analopenogenuri tborebi 5 kilometris radiusSi. proeqtis teritoriaze

adgili aqvs xangrZliv, rTuli epidemiologiur faqtorebs. sezoni, romelic

malarias gavrcelebas uwyobs xels, sakmaod xangrZlivia. amave dros aRsaniSnavia,

rom 1970 wlidan saqarTveloSi malarias SemTxvevebi registrirebuli ar

yofila.

am epidemiologiur zonaSi malarias xelSemwyobi faqtorebis analizma aCvena,

rom wyalsacavebis mSeneblobis Sedegad malariis albaTobis zrdis

ugulebelyofa ar SeiZleba. amitom aucilebelia profilaqtikuri zomebis

gatareba, rogoricaa:

ufro intensiuri epidemiologiuri dakvirveba janmrTelobis

mdgomareobaze;

muSebis, damqiraveblebis da maTi ojaxebis samedicino Semowmeba.



141

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba seismiur mdgomareobaze

regionis teqtonikuri maxasiaTeblebis da namaxvanis kaskadie teritoriis

maxasiaTeblebis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom kaskadis sistemam

seismuroba ar unda gazardos. hesebis kaskadis sistema zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens

am teritoriis seismiurobis amJamindel maxasiaTeblebze.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba radiologiur situaciaze

soflis meorneobis radiologiis institutma Seiswavla rionis auzis

wyalsacavebze SesaZlo zemoqmedeba radiologiuri TvalsazrisiT. md. rionis

auzSi radiaciis donea 7-15 mikrorentgeni/sT rac ar aRemateba saqarTveloSi

arsebul saSualo radiaciul dones. yvela Seswavlili sinjis gama speqtris

analizisas aRmoCenili iyo mxolod ceziumis radiaqtiuli nuklidi.

sxva radiaqtiuli nuklidebis Semcveloba speqtrometris mgrZnobiarobaze ufro

dabali aRmoCnda da ar aRemateboda bunebriv dones. namaxvanis kaskadis

mSenebloba ar daabinZurebs mdinare rionis wyals.

mosaxleobis gadasaxleba da masTan dakavSirebuli zaralis

anazRaureba proeqtis farglebSi

namaxvanis kaskadis mSenebloba Seexeba 202 safermero nakveTs da 436 adamians

wyaltubosa da cageris raionebSi (wyaltubos raoinis saregistracio biuros

monacemebis mixedviT). tviSi hesis wyalsacavis zonaSi mxolod 45 kerZo

safermero nakveTi mdebareobs; namaxvanis hesis wyalsacavis zonaSi (wyaltubis

raioni) - 109 kerZo safermero nakveTia, da 309 adamiani cxovrobs. JoneTis

hesis wyalsacavis zonaSi 30 kerZo safermero nakveTia da 75 adamiani cxovrobs.

mSeneblobis zonaSi moxvedrili dasaxlebuli punqtebi ganviTarebuli ar aris.

mosaxleoba wyals patarpatara wyaroebidan da Webidan iRebs. kanalizaciis

sistema ar arsebobs. mosaxleoba maragdeba eleqtroenergiiT.

tipiuri sacxovrebeli saxlebi orsarTuliania. rogorc wesi, pirveli sarTuli

qviTaa naSenebi, xolo meore sarTuli xisaa da aivnebiani. ezoSi mowyobilia

samzareulo (msubuqi gadaxurviT), cxovelebis saTavsoebi, saqaTme, beReli, Tone

da Rvinis marani.

fermerTa nakveTebi SemoRobilia. garda kerZo saxlebisa, wyalsacavis zonaSi

xvdeba sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifo daniSnulebis Senobebi. proeqtis mixedviT

99 kerZo safermero nakveTi da 279 adamiani, romelic amJamad momavali



142

wyalsacavis zonaSi cxovroben, sofel derCis teritoriaze gamoyofil miwebze

unda gadasaxldnen: 10 kerZo safermero nakveTi, 32 adamiani sofel molekuraSi; 10 kerZo safermero nakveTi 20 adamiani sofel derCSi; 38 kerZo safermero nakveTi 110 adamiani sofel qveda onCeiSi; 8 kerZo safermero nakveTi 20 adamiani sofel zeda onCeiSi; 33 kerZo safermero nakveTi 97 adamiani sofel meqvenaSi.

mosaxleoba miiRebs saxlebs, sayofacxovrebo saTavsoebs da daaxloebiT 0.25

heqtaris safermero miwis farTobs. mosaxleobis gadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebuli

sakompensacio xarjebi gaTvaliswinebulia proeqtis biujetSi.

evropis sxva qveynebis (rogoricaa magaliTad espaneTi) gamocdileba gviCvenebs,

rom mosaxleobis gadasaxlebis procesis saTanadod dagegmva saSualebas iZleva

gadavWraT naklebad ganviTarebuli dasaxlebuli teritoriis ganviTarebis

sakvanZo sakiTxebi. es gulisxmobs mosaxleobis organizebul swavlebas, axal

teritoriaze dasaxlebas da aranebayoflobiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisaTvis

samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas. aRniSnuli wyalsacavebi saqarTveloSi aucileblad

unda iyos gamoyenebuli mosaxleobis socialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad

da, amrigad, saWiroa am sakiTxis detaluri analizi da dagegmva sociologebis

monawileobiT. rogorc wesi, dagegmili gadasaxleba wyalsacavis proeqtis

Semadgeneli nawilia. wina periodSi miRebuli uaryofiTi gamocdilebis gamo

mosaxleoba SeiZleba gadasaxlebas da axal sistemas ewinaaRmdegebodes. amis gamo,

proeqtis is nawili, romelic mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas exeba, Zalian

guldasmiT unda SemuSavdes kompetenturi uwyebis mier, qvemoT moyvanili

sociologiuri faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT:

gadasaxlebas daqvemdebarebuli pirebi proeqtis avtorebTan

iTanamSromleben, Tu ecodinebaT, rom maTi ekonomiuri da socialuri

pirobebi gaumjobesdeba;

gadasaxlebas daqvemdebarebulma pirebma unda icodnen Tavisi interesebis

Sesaxeb proeqtTan dakavSirebiT – maT ar unda SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba,

rom maTi interesebi sxva raime interesebs Seewira.

gadasaxlebis dagegmvis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos masTan

dakavSirebuli yvela faqtori: mosaxleobis saqmianoba, asaki, sqesi,

ojaxuri kavSirebi, mezobluri urTierTobebi, ojaxebis ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba, yofili socialuri standartebi da a.S.

gadasaxlebas daqvemdebarebul pirebs, kompensaciis saxiT, dauyovnebliv

unda SesTavazon mimzidveli ekonomikuri programebi.

gadasaxlebis dro guldasmiT unda SeirCes.Tu mosaxleoba ukve arsebul dasaxlebul punqtSi gadagvyavs, saTanado

yuradReba unda daeTmos maTi dasaxlebis adgilis ganviTarebas. axali



143

samuSao adgilebi gonivrulad unda ganawildes or socialur jgufs

Soris: axalmosulebsa da mkvidr mosaxleobas Soris.

gzebis marSrutis Secvla

gzebs kritikuli mniSvnelobis roli akisriaT namaxvanis eleqtrosadguris

mSeneblobaSi. es mSeneblobis teritoriis dakavSirebis erTaderTi saSualebaa

quTaissa da wyaltubosTan, sadac samSeneblo masalebia. garda amisa, gzebi

hidrosadgurebs akavSireben mSeneblobis obieqtis teritoriaze myof

sawarmoebTan da dasaxlebul punqtebTan. trasa “quTaisi-alpana-mamisonis

uReltexili” ZiriTadi arteriaa, romelic quTaiss da wyaltubos akavSirebs

md. rionis napirebze da mTian raionebSi arsebul dasaxlebul punqtebTan.

gzebi sam jgufad iyofa:

1. gzebi, romelTa marSruti unda Seicvalos, rom wyalsacavis zonas gverdi

auaron;2. mudmivi gzebi;3. droebiTi gzebi.

pirvel jgufs ekuTvnis respublikuri da regionaluri mniSvnelobis gzebi. am

gzebis zogierTi monakveTi daitboreba wyalsacavebis mSeneblobis Semdeg.

imisaTvis rom es gzebi moqmedi iyos saWiroa maTi gadatana sxva adgilas.

pirveli kategoriis gzebis mTliani sigrZe udris 60.3 km-s.

meore jgufs ekuTvnis mudmivi gzebi, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba hesebis

nagebobebis mSeneblobis dros. mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg es gzebi

gamoyenebuli iqneba hesebis nagebobebis eqspluataciisaTvis. am jgufis gzebis

mTliani sigrZe udris 42.2 km-s.

mesame jguFSi Sedis droebiTi gzebi, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba hesebis

damxmare nagebobebis mSeneblobisaTvis (droebiTi nagebobebi, gvirabis

mSenebloba da a.S.). droebiTi gzebis mTliani sigrZe udris 40.4 km-s.

wyalsacavi datboravs:

ZiriTad gzas romelic gadis mdinaris marjvena napirze;

borani da masTan misasvleli gza;

gzebi, romlebic mTavar gzasTan akavSireben soflebs derCis, CorTisas da

a.S.;

xidebi manqanebisa da fexiT mosiaruleebisaTvis da Sesabamisi gzebi.



144

zemoT CamoTvlili gzebis marSrutis Sesacvlelad proeqtSi

gaTvaliswinebulia axali gzebis mSenebloba. gzebis, xidebis da saavtomobilo

gvirabebis mSeneblobisaTvis saWiroa 624.5 aTasi m3 betoni, maSin rodesac

kaskadis mTel sistemas sWirdeba 1473 aTasi m3.

istoriuli, kulturuli da bunebrivi Zeglebi

md. rionis Sua monakveTi gadis saqarTvelos centralur nawilze, romelic

Zalian sainteresoa istoriuli TvalsazrisiT. istoriis, arqeologiisa da

anTropologiis institutma moawyo arqeologiuri eqspedicia aRniSnul

teritoriaze istoriuli Zeglebis Seswavlis mizniT. eqspediciam gansazRvra

27 Zegli, romelTa Seswavlac aucilebelia. aseTi samuSaoebis ganxorcielebis

xarjebi Sedis mSeneblobis mTlian xarjTaRricxvaSi.

eleqtruli da sakomunikacio nagebobebis xelaxali daproeqteba

maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazi “gumaThesi – lajanurhesi” aSenebulia namaxvanis

hidrosadgurebis mSeneblobis teritoriaze da mierTebulia sam qvesadgurTan,

romlebic eleqtroenergiiT amarageben mimdebare teritorias. maRali Zabvis

zemoxsenebuli eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi aSenda 1950 wels, ZiriTadad xis

sayrdenebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic mTlianad unda Seicvalos. sakomunikacio

xazebi da anZebi Zalian moZvelebulia da maTi Secvla aucilebelia. am

SecvlisaTvis saWiro xarjebi Setanilia proeqtis biujetSi.

sanitaruli RonisZiebebi

saqarTvelos sanitariisa da higienis institutma SeimuSava wyalsacavis

teritoriis sanitaruli momzadebis proeqti.

mosamzadebel sanitarul RonisZiebebSi Sedis:

teritoriis gawmenda samSeneblo narCenebisagan saxlebis dangrevis

Semdeg;

narCenebis gatana sanagve ormoebidan;

sanagve ormoebis damuSaveba kiris qloridis xsnariT da xelaxla

Sevseba miwiT;

saflavebis gadatana da damuSaveba kiris qloridis xsnariT;

yofili saflavebis adgilis amovseba miwiT.

wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze



145

saqarTvelos sanitariis institutma Seiswavla wyalsacavebis zemoqmedeba

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze. kvleva Sesrulda msgavsi pirobebis

mqone gumaThesis wyalsacavisaTvis gakeTebuli kvlevis analogiaze dayrdnobiT.

Catarda msgavs pirobebSi mcxovreb adamianTa jgufis samedicino Semowmeba.

mcxovrebTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Seswavla Catarda 10 sofelSi

(ofurCxeTSi, gumaTSi, namaxvanSi, JoneTSi, zaraTSi, sormonSi, mamawmindaSi,

jimaStaroSi), romlis drosac gamoyenebuli iyo 1973 - 1980 da 1987 – 1989

wlebis arqivis masalebi. garda amisa, arsebobs monacemebi sikvdilianobis da

Sobadobis Sesaxeb. agreTve Seswavlili iyo yvela registrirebuli pacientis

janmrTelobis istoriebi da maT mier mirebuli samedicino momsaxurebis

istoriebi.

analizma aCvena, rom janmrTelobasTa dakavSirebuli yvelaze xSiri

problemebia kardio-vaskularuli sistemis, saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis da

respiratoruli sistemis problemebi. janmrTelobis mdgomareobasa da

klimatur pirobebSi adgili ar hqonia raime gansakuTrebul cvlilebebs,

romlebic gumaThesis wyalsacaviT iqneboda gamowveuli. kvlevis Sedegebis

mixedviT mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba Sefasebulia rogorc

saSualo.

foTis maxloblad zRvis napirebis dacvis RonisZiebebi

kolxeTis dablobi Camoyalobda holocenis periodSi, dasav;leT saqarTvfelos

mdinareebis, ZiriTadad md. rionis Camonatani danaleqebisagan. md. rionis

SesarTavi qalaq foTis maxloblad mdebareobs. rioni Sav zRvaSi or nakadad

Caedineba da kunZuls qmnis, romelsac “bolSois” eZaxian da romelzec qalaq

foTis erTi nawilia gaSenebuli.

mas Semdeg, rac mdinare rionis nakadi gadagdebuli iyo mdinare nabadaSi,

mdinaris Zvel SesarTavTan danaleqebis Camotana Sewyda da danaleqebis didi

deficiti Seiqmna. amis Sedegad, Zveli deltis adgilas zRvis sanapiros

Zlieri erozia daiwyo.

namaxvanis kaskadis mSenebloba Seamcirebs danaleqebis raodenobas 1 milion m3

–mde. amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom mdinaris hidrografiuli parametrebi

gaumjobesdeba, rac gazrdis mdinaris mier danaleqebis Camotanis

SesaZleblobas mdinaris SesarTavTan, qalaqis midamoebSi. zemoaRniSnulis

safuZvelze SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT, rom namaxvanis kaskadi

yovelwliurad Seqmnis 300 - 400 aTasi m3-mde danaleqis deficits, Tu md.

rionis wylis nakadi SesarTavTan, qalaqis midamoebSi, iqneba 320 m3/wm.



146

zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, proeqti iTvaliswinebs foTis

maxloblad Savi zRvis sanapiros dacvis RonisZiebebs. ganxiluli iyo

ramodenime SesaZlebloba. yvelaze efeqturi zomaa napiris xazis Seweva zRvaSi

320 metriT da napiris donis amaRleba 1.5 metriT, rac saprognozo

mravalwlian zRvis dones aRemateba. teqnikuri specifikaciebis mixedviT,

miwayrilis mosawyobad saWiro iqneba 3.98 mln.m3 da mSeneblobis periodi

iqneba 3 weli. SemdgomSi eroziis adgilebis aRsadgenad yovelwliurad saWiro

iqneba 200 000 m3.

5.2.4. dagegmili hesebis teqnikuri da ekonomikuri parametrebis sejameba

dagegmili didi hesebis parametrebis Sefasebis safuZvelze, romelic zemoT

moyvanil TavebSi iyo aRwerili, 5.12 cxrilSi naCvenebia ZiriTadi monacemebi

teqnikuri gadawyvetis, potenciuri generaciis da saangariSo sainvesticio

xarjebis Sesaxeb.

cxrili 5.12. dagegmili didi hesebis teqnikuri da ekonomikuri parametrebis

Sejameba

xudonhesi namaxvanis kaskadi faravanhesi

tviSihesi namaxvanhesi JoneThesi

sadguris

simZlavre (mgvt) 638 100 250 100 123

saSualo

generacia

(gvt.sT)

1328 395 897 276 440

kapitaluri

xarjebi (milioni

aSS $)604 146 322 173 113

kapitaluri

xarjebi (milioni

aSS $/kvt)947 1460 1288 1730 919

mSeneblobis

periodi (wlebi)5 4 5 4 3

eqspluataciaSi

gaSvebis SesaZlo

weli (weli)

2013 2013 2013 2013 2013

5.12 cxrilSi mocemuli parametrebis

garda, dagegmili hesebis Tviuri

generacia gaangariSebuli iyo

energetikis saministros mier

mowodebuli Tviuri maCveneblebis

SesaZlo generaciis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli

daSvebebi, agreTve gvalviani hidrologiuri

pirobebis warmoqmnis albaToba igivea, rac

arsebul hesebze e.i. navaraudevia, rom

gvalvian periodSi generaciis done iqneba

saSualo hidrologiur pirobebSi

arsebuli generaciis 76%, xolo aseTi

pirobebis Seqmnis albaTobaa 10%.



147

safuZvelze da moyvanilia cxrilSi 5.13. navaraudevi iyo, rom es ricxvebi

asaxaven aRniSnuli hesebis generacias saSualo hidrologiur pirobebSi.

cxrili 5.13. Mdagegmili hesebis Tviuri generacia

Tviuri Mgeneracia (gvt.sT)

Kxudonhesi

HPP

faravanhesi

HPP

tviSihesi

HPP

namaxvanhesi

HPP

JoneThesi

HPP

1 96 26 13 30 92 66 26 40 93 29 3 74 25 40 93 29 4 103 32 52 118 36 5 171 60 39 89 28 6 180 59 39 89 28 7 180 59 39 89 28 8 112 51 33 74 23 9 103 26 29 64 20 10 59 27 25 56 17 11 85 24 24 55 17 12 99 25 22 49 15

Total 1328 440 395 897 276

am sami hesis Tviuri generaciis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gakeTda generaciis

sezonurobis analizi, romelmac aCvena, rom namaxvanis kaskadis (tviSis,

namaxvanis da JoneTis hesebi) wliuri generaciis Tviuri ganawileba

gansxvavebulia xudonhesisa da engurhesis grafikisagan (grafiki 5-22). imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom wylis bunebrivi Sedineba md. rionze gansxvavebulia

vidre md. engurze, raime damatebiTi analizis gakeTeba bunebrivi Sedinebis

Sesaxeb SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad amisa aRsaniSnavia, rom namaxvanis kaskadis

wliuri generaciis Tviuri ganawileba da garkveulwilad ufro maRali

generacia TebervalSi, martSi da aprilSi (xudonhesisagan gansxvavebiT) am

kaskadis sargeblianobas zrdis da upiratesobas aZlevs mas xudonhesTan

SedarebiT.



148

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Months

Mon

thly

gen

erat

ion

(GW

h)

Khudoni Cascada Namakhvani

grafiki 5-22. dagegmili hesebis sezonuroba

5.3. ganaxlebadi energiis potenciali saqarTveloSi

saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebiT eleqtroenergiis generacia

warmoebs hidrosadgurebisa da qaris energiis gamoyenebiT. geoTemuli energia

da biomasa gamoiyeneba siTbos generaciisaTvis, xolo mzis energia saerTod ar

gamoiyeneba.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania momavalSi eleqtrogeneraciaSi

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ufro farTo ganviTareba, moxda potenciuri

proeqtebis winaswari SerCeva, rom maTgan yvelaze perspeqtiuli proeqtebi

ganviTarebis yvelaze iafi gzebis dagegmvis dros yofiliyo gamoyenebuli.

ganaxlebadi energiis aTvisebis potencialis ZiriTadi parametrebi mocemulia

cxrilSi 5.14.

saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiis generaciisaTvis amJamad SesaZlebelia yvela

saxis ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba, garda mzis energiisa.

jerjerobiT mzis elementebi sakmarisad rentabeluri ar aris da metismetad

Zviria. maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia ekonomikurad gamarTlebuli iyos Znelad

misadgom adgilebSi, sadac isini erTian qselSi ar iqnebian CarTulni, radgan

aseTi danadgarebis teqmomsaxureba rTuli ar aris, isini modiuluri

principiT iwyoba da maTi maTi damontaJeba iolia.



149

geoTermuli wyaroebis potenciali saqarTveloSi sakmaod maRalia.

WaburRilebis umetesobas iseTi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs (dabali temperaturis

wyaroebi) rom maTi gamoyeneba ZiriTadad dagegmilia siTbos miwodebis

mravalsafexurian sistemebSi. kogeneraciis geoTermuli eleqtrosadgurebis

mSenebloba, binaruli turbinebiT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saSualo

temperaturis geoTermuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas

rogorc erTerTi SesaZlebloba. miuxedavad amisa, amJamindeli SefasebiT

eleqtroenergiis generaciis potenciali saerTo jamSi ar aRemateba 15

megavats.

biomasis, rogorc ganaxlebadi energiis wyaros gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi

sakmarisad ganviTarebuli ar aris. gansakuTrebiT es SeiZleba iTqvas Camarxuli

narCenebis gazis da anaerobuli duRilis Sesaxeb. eleqtrosadgurebSi myari

sawvavis gamoyeneba yvelaze realuri meTodia. misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

moyvanilia cxrilSi 5.14. am sferoSi identificirebuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb

raime konkretuli monacemebi ar aris.

qaris potenciali saqarTveloSi Seadgens daaxloebiT 83 teravat.sT/weliwadSi

da koncentrirebulia 4 an 5 ubanze. miuxedavad imisa, rom qaris energiiT

eleqtroenergiis generacias wyvetili xasiaTi aqvs, vizualurad amaxinjebs

xedebs da Sejaxebis saSiSroebas uqmnis frinvelebs, aseTi tipis ganaxlebadi

energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba gasul periodSi msoflioSi yvelaze swrafad

gaizarda. savaraudoa, rom aseTi zrda saqarTveloSic moxdes. ukve

gaTvaliswinebulia 20 da 40 megavatis qaris eleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis

ganxorcieleba.

hidrogeneraciis potencialis absoluturi indeqsis mixedviT saqarTvelo

meoTxe adgilzea dsT-s qveynebs Soris (ruseTis, tajikeTis da yazaxeTis

Semdeg), xolo qveynis teritoriaze hidro-potencialis koncentraciis

mixedviT igi msoflioSi erTerT pirvel adgilzea. Sefasebis mixedviT,

saqarTvelos mTliani teqnikuri hidro-potenciali Seadgens daaxloebiT 82

teravat.sT/weliwadSi da am potencialis naxevari koncentrirebulia 30 mgvt-

ze dabali simZlavris eleqtrosadgurebSi.

ZiriTadi hidroresursebi (72%) koncentrirebulia dasavleT saqarTvelos

teritoriaze. ZiriTadad aTvisebuli iyo md. engurisa da md. rionis

potenciali. saqarTvelos mTliani hidrogeneraciis potencialis Sefasebisas

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo mcire hesebs. mcire hidrogeneraciis

potenciali qveynis mTel teritoriazea ganawilebuli.

Geo

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: St

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Envi

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of P

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Sec

tor D

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opm

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Fin

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t

150

cxrili 5.14 zogadi informaciaGsaqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis Sesaxeb

informacia

mzis

geoTermul

ibiomasa

qari

hidro

eleqtrogeneraciis

teqnologiis

ganviTarebulis

done

dabali,

izolirebuli,

adgilobrivi

miwodeba

saSualo,

Cveulebriv

kogeneracia

maRali,

gansakuTrebis

xis resursebiT

maRali

maRali

saqarTveloSi

eleqtrogeneraciis

mTliani

potenciali

1

teravat.sT/weli

NA

465 mgvt Tburi

15 mgvt.e

350000

toe

/weli

10 mgvt.e

3300 mgvt

83

teravat.sT/weli

82 teravat.sT/weli

eleqtroenergia

gamoyeneba

saqarTveloSi

arsebuli

gaTvaliswinebuli

ar arsebobs;

siTbos

generacia ufro

realisturia

arsebobs;

siTbos

generacia ufro

efeqturia

arsebobs;

siTbos da

eleqtroenergiis

generacia

SesaZlebelia

Eeleqtroenergia

<10

mgvt

10-50

mgvt

50-100 mgvt

>100

mgvt

konkretulu

sadguris

Seswavla/ proeqti

arsebobs

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

diax

sadguris ZiriTadi

saangariSi

maxasiaTeblebi

sadguris

simZlavre (mgvt)

1.5

30

3030

0.

1- 1010

-50

50-1

00

metismetad

specifikur

ia yoveli

obieqtisaT

Geo

rgia

: St

rate

gic

Envi

ronm

enta

l Ass

essm

ent

of P

ower

Sec

tor D

evel

opm

ent

Fin

al R

epor

t

151

vis

sadguris

simZlavris

koeficienti (%

) 20

90

70

35

5045

45

(specifikuri

a yoveli

obieqtisaTvi

s)

metismetad

specifikur

ia yoveli

obieqtisaT

vis

saangariSo

wliuri

generacia(gvt.sT)

2.6

236

184

92

4411

829

6

metismetad

specifikur

ia yoveli

obieqtisaT

vis

kapitalis

Rirebuleba

(aSS$/kvt

)90

0035

00

3000

16

0030

0027

0025

00

metismetad

specifikur

ia yoveli

obieqtisaT

vis

wyaroebi [1

], [2

]. [3

], [4

], [5

]. [6

]:

Georgia:Strategic Environmental Assessment


152

saqarTvelos ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia

cxrilSi 5.14. Sesfaseba emyareba saqarTvelos saTanado uflebamosili

organoebis mier mowodebul monacemebs, agreTve mTel rig kvlevebSi ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]) Camoyalibebul mosazrebebs. es kvleva gamoiyeneba rogorc

zogadi sabaziso informacia ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis aTvisebis

proeqtebis ranJirebisaTvis, vidre moxdeba saqarTvelos energosistemaSi

gaTvaliswinebuli potenciuri proeqtebis winaswari Sefaseba.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli TiToeuli tipis ganaxlebadi wyaros aRweriloba

mocemulia momdevno ramodenime qveTavSi.

5.3.1. hidrogeneraciis potenciali

hidrogeneraciis potencialis absoluturi indeqsis mixedviT saqarTvelo

meoTxe adgilzea dsT-s qveynebs Soris (ruseTis, tajikeTis da yazaxeTis

Semdeg), xolo qveynis teritoriaze hidro-potencialis koncentraciis

mixedviT igi msoflioSi erTerT pirvel adgilzea. (cxrili 5.15)

cxrili 5.15 hidrogeneraciis potenciali saqarTveloSi

maxasiaTeblebi sul hesebis simZlavre

30 mgvt

hidrogeneraciis mTliani

Teoriuli potenciali

miliardi kvt.sT/weli 194.0 81

teqnikurad aTvisebadi

hidrogeneraciis

potenciali

miliardi kvt.sT/weli 82.0 40

ekonomikurad aTvisebadi

hidrogeneraciis

potenciali,miliardi kvt.sT/weli

32.0 NgansazRvruli

ar aris

eleqtroenergiis generacia

arsebul hesebze

miliardi kvt.sT/weli 7.6 0.28

ekonomikuri potencialis

procenti, % 23.7

wyaro [1], 2003

hidrogeneraciis ZiriTadi resursebi (72%) koncentrirebulia dasavleT

saqarTvelos teritoriaze. ZiriTadad aTvisebuli iyo md. engurisa da md.

rionis potenciali. saqarTvelos mTliani hidrogeneraciis potencialis

Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo mcire hesebs. mcire

hidrogeneraciis potenciali qveynis mTel teritoriazea ganawilebuli.



153

[1] - Strategic Assessment of the Potential for Renewable Energy in the EBRD Countries of Operation (COO), Stage 1., Black & Veatch Corporation, 2003. [2] - Blue Energy for A Green Europe, Strategic study for the development of Small Hydro Power in the European Union, 2002. [3] – Capacity building to assess technology needs modalities to asquire and absorb them, evaluate and host projects, National Agency on Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection, 2002 [4] – Strategic/Sectoral Social and Environmental Assessment of Power Development Options in the Nile Equatorial Lakes Region, SNC Lavalin Internation, 2007 [5] – Generation Investment Study for SEE region, EC and World Bank, 2005 [6] – Small HPPs in Serbia, IFC, 2005

saqarTvelos 300-ze meti mdinaris analizi gviCvenebs, rom arsebobs 1 200

saderivacio tipis mcire hesis aSenebis SesaZlebloba, saidanac 700 SeiZleba

dasavleT saqarTveloSi aSendes.

mTeli potenciali SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sxvadasxva hidrosadgurebis

agebis gziT, romlebic Cveulebriv sididis mixedviT ramodenime kategoriad

iyofa. es zogadi kategoriebia: mini hesebi – 10 mgvt-ze naklebi simZlavris,

mcire hesebi – 10 mgvt-dan 50 mgvt-mde, saSualo hesebi 50 mgvt-dan 100 mgvt-

mde, didi hesebi – 100 mgvt-s zemoT.

mTavari parametrebi da kapitaluri xarjebi didadaa damokidebuli adgilis

Taviseburebebze da Zalian mravalferovania. imisaTvis, rom hesis muSaobisa da

Rirebulebis Sefaseba SevZloT saWiroa gvqondes monacemebi proeqtis adgilisa

da wylis resursebis Sesaxeb.

mini da mcire hesebs Cveulebriv didi wyalsacavebi ar aqvT da saimedo pikur

resurss ar warmoadgenen, xolo didi da saSualo hesebis proeqtebisaTvis

sxvadasxva sainJionro gadawyvetis moZebna SeiZleba da es sadgurebi maTi

adgilmdebareobis mixedviT ufro specifikurni arian vidre mini da mcire

hesebi.

amJamad saqarTveloSi 110 mgvt simZlavris daaxloebiT 30 mcire da mini hesi

arsebobs da maTi mniSvnelovani nawili privatizirebulia. am hesebs

reabilitacia WirdebaT. zogierTi maTgani dabali warmadobiT muSaobs, xolo

sxvebi saerTod ar muSaoben.

2002 wels energetikis saministrom ganaxorciela kvleva “ganaxlebadi

energiis wyaroebis potenciali da maTi gamoyenebis programa”. mogvianebiT am

programis erTerTma avtorma – sainJinro-sakonsultacio kompaniam “basiani

93”-ma 177 mcire da mini hesis mSeneblobis ufro dazustebuli gegma

SeimuSava. am hesebis parametrebi dadgenil iqna topografiuli rukebisa da



154

hidrologiuri monacemebis analizis safuZvelze. zogierTi sadgurebisaTvis

biznes-gegmebic SemuSavda.

monacemebi mini hidrosadgurebis Sesaxeb moyvanilia cxrilSi 5.16

cxrili 5.16. potenciuri mini hesebi saqarTveloSi (0.1 - 1 mgvt)

hesis

dasaxelebamdinare

derivaciis

tipi

wylis

xarji

(m3/s)

Hdawneva

(m)

nominaluri

simZlavre

(mgvt)

wliuri

generacia

(kvt.sT)kaxeTis raioni

girevi gireviswyali milsadeni 0.3 82.4 0.14 0.7 xoSanTxevi xoSanTxevi milsadeni 0.2 182.0 0.32 1.7

qvemo qarTlis regioni

dmanisi dmanisi milsadeni 2.2 20.0 0.3 2.0 Sida qarTlis raioni

TeZami TeZami milsadeni 1.5 48.0 0.6 2.5 ateni tana milsadeni 1.5 75.0 0.8 3.6 bobnevi tana milsadeni 1.2 40.0 0.4 1.8 biisi tana milsadeni 1.0 70.0 0.5 2.25 boSuri tana milsadeni 0.7 65.0 0.3 1.35 tursebi tana milsadeni 0.4 100.0 0.3 1.30 gagluani tana milsadeni 0.2 110.0 0.15 0.65

mcxeTa-TianeTis raioni

Cxeri Cxeri milsadeni 0.7 173.0 1.0 6.82 gergeTi baSi milsadeni 0.2 126.0 0.14 0.95 gaiboTeni Cxati milsadeni 0.2 263.0 0.43 2.93 tkarSeTii usaxelo milsadeni 0.2 186.0 0.24 1.64 xurtisi kesia milsadeni 0.6 115.0 0.47 3.20 mna mna milsadeni 1.0 107.0 0.75 5.10 axalcixe arTxmo milsadeni 0.9 37.2 0.23 1.57 pavliani qsani milsadeni 2.0 50.0 0.80 5.10 largvisi qsani milsadeni 4.0 20.4 0.67 5.00

guriis raioni

qadagauri pavlisRele milsadeni 0.2 68.0 0.1 0.69 ianeuli Uusaxelo milsadeni 0.1 126.0 0.57 3.93 yviriliswya

liyviriliswyali milsadeni 1.8 58.5 0.73 5.23

Cxakoura saTevznaeRele milsadeni 0.6 94.0 0.4 2.87 baxmaro baxviswyaki milsadeni 2.0 37.5 0.62 3.23 buqSieTi baxviswyaki milsadeni 1.1 49.0 0.38 1.98 askana oCxanura milsadeni 0.5 48.0 0.17 0.89 makvaneTi agi-daqva milsadeni 0.8 34.0 0.2 1.23



155

hesis

dasaxelebamdinare

derivaciis

tipi

wylis

xarji

(m3/s)

Hdawneva

(m)

nominaluri

simZlavre

(mgvt)

wliuri

generacia

(kvt.sT)samcxe-javaxeTis raioni

niali miraSxani milsadeni 1.0 160.0 1.00 6.5 gujareTi 1 gujareTi milsadeni 4.0 33.6 0.89 4.41 timoTesubani gujareTi milsadeni 3.0 24.8 0.49 2.38 waRveri gujareTi milsadeni 4.0 28.6 0.76 3.68 daba gujareTi milsadeni 4.0 30.6 0.81 3.86 bakuriani 1 bakurianiswyali milsadeni 0.4 66.0 0.19 0.76 bakuriani 2 bakurianiswyali milsadeni 0.4 85.8 0.24 1.07 patara cemi bakurianiswyali milsadeni 0.5 140.0 0.49 2.19 libani bakurianiswyali milsadeni 0.6 102.0 0.43 1.77 cemi bakurianiswyali milsadeni 0.6 112.0 0.47 2.07

raWa-leCxumis da qvemo svaneTis raioni

bobora bobora milsadeni 1.4 86.0 1.00 6.50 qveda qvedrula milsadeni 0.7 78.9 0.45 2.90 iri Waliswyali milsadeni 0.1 135.0 0.10 0.60 Wala Wala milsadeni 0.7 116.0 0.66 4.30 Corgi Wala milsadeni 0.6 88.0 0.43 2.80 nakieTi vaxaTwyali milsadeni 0.3 135.0 0.30 1.60 xoteura xoteura milsadeni 1.7 76.0 1.0 5.80 Wala zena milsadeni 1.2 36.5 0.35 1.90

AaWara

didvake kintriSi milsadeni 2.1 60.8 0.95 6.36 orbeza Caqviswyali gvirabi 2.0 47.5 0.68 4.84 afSila xeknara milsadeni 0.8 46.5 0.27 1.77 monastriswya

li

monastriswya

li milsadeni 0.5 103.9 0.34 2.33

meCxriswyali meCxriswyali milsadeni 0.5 98.4 0.35 2.40 boloko boloko milsadeni 1.2 96.0 0.86 6.14 nusreti boloko milsadeni 1.0 60.0 0.45 3.20 Carnali Carnali milsadeni 1.4 70.0 0.74 4.82 xulo mini diakoniZeebi milsadeni 0.5 144.4 0.50 4.00

sul saqarTveloSi 26.50 161.16

rogorc zemoT moyvanili cxrilidan Cans, axali hesebis mSenebloba

saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela raionSia gaTvaliswinebuli. mniSvnelovania

aRiniSnos, rom mini hesebis mSeneblobis yvelaze didi perspeqtiva mTian

raionebSia (mcxeTa-TianeTSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, raWa-leCxumSi da qvemo

svaneTSi, agreTve aWaraSi) romelTa eleqtromomarageba Zalian SezRudulia da



156

arasaimedo. agreTve arseboben mini da mikro hesebi, romlebic erTian qselSi

CarTulni ar arian da eleqtroenergias awodeben gadamcemi xazebisa da

gamanawilebeli qselebidan moSorebiT mdebare patara soflebs.

mini da mikro hesebis umravlesobas aqvs sakmarisi saangariSo wylis xarji (4-

6 Tve), mxolod zogierT maTgani aris pikuri (1 Tve) an sabaziso (11-12 Tve)

tipis. umetesoba saderivacio tipisaa. xarjebis Semcirebis mizniT saderivasio

milsadeni ideba mokirwyluli an mourkiwylavi gzebis gaswvriv.

am mini da mikro hesebis proeqtebis garda, 50 mgvt-mde simZlavris mcire

hesebis mSeneblobis didi potencialic arsebobs. 100-ze met proeqtSi es

potenciali 800 mgvt-mdea Sefasebuli.

qvemoT mocemulia mcire hesebis ruka:

grafiki 5-23. Mmcire hesebis ruka

mcire hesebis jgufSi gamoirceva Semdegi kaskadebi

neskras hesebis kaskadi (5 hesi) – 87,3 mgvt

CelTis hesebis kaskadi (5 hesi) – 13 mgvt

baxviswyalis hesebis kaskadi (2 hesi) – 22,3 mgvt

xramis hesebis kaskadi (3 hesi) – 125 mgvt

gubazeulis hesebis kaskadi (4 hesi) – 26,9 mgvt

Woroxis hesebis kaskadi (2 hesi) – 36,8 mgvt

rionis hesebis kaskadi (2 hesi) – 63,6 mgvt

amJamad saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs ramodenime proeqti, romlis farglebSic

xdeba sxvadasxva zomis, axali, ekologiurad sufTa proeqtebis analizi,rogorebicaa:

onis kaskadi (3 hesi) – 272 mgvt

mtkvari hesi – 247 mgvt



157

zestafoni hesi – 88 mgvt

diRomi hesi – 20 mgvt

foniWala hesi – 20 mgvt

saqarTvelos hidropotencialis sidide Sefasebulia rogorc mniSvnelovani,

magram hidrogeneraciis konkretuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia

sakmaod mwiria. miuxedavad amisa, mcire da saSualo hidrosadgurebis SerCeuli

jgufebis ZiriTadi parametrebi Sefasda sxvadasxva kvlevebis monacemebze

dayrdnobiT([1] –[6]), romlebic saqarTvelos mTavrobisagan iqna miRebuli da

konsultantis gamocdilebis safuZvelze. es parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi

5.14.

ekologiuri zemoqmedeba

ara mxolod saSualo da didi, aramed mcire hidrosadgurebis zemoqmedebac

garemoze TiToeuli obieqtisaTvis specifikuria da maTi dadebiTi Tu

uaryofiTi ekologiuri Sedegebis zogadi Sefaseba Zalian Znelia.

SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom garemoze zemoqmedebis potenciali saqarTvelos

mcire hesebis umravlesobisaTvis dabalia. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom

saqarTvelos mcire hesebis umravlesoba mTebSia ganlagebuli, amitom maT

SeiZleba hqondeT Semdegi ekologiuri Sedegebi:

aseTi hesebi Sedgeba mcire kaSxlisagan da grZeli saderivacio

gvirabisagan. wylis gamodinebis ekologiurad garantirebuli nakadis

kontrolis pirobebi Zalian gansxvavebulia, es TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.

amis gamo, mdinaris kalapotis grZel monakveTebze wylis done dabalia,

an is sruliad damSralia.

mdinareze aRmarTulma kaSxalma SeiZleba Seaferxos Tevzebis migracia

da qviriTis yra. am problemis gadaWris sul ramodemime gza arsebobs.

aqedan erTerTi “Tevzsataris” agebaa, romelic exmareba Tevzs mouaros

kaSxals, rodesac is qviriTis sayrelad mdinares aRma miyveba. es

gansakuTrebiT exeba im mdinareebs, sadac florisa da faunis zogierTi

endemiuri saxeobaa gavrcelebuli.

aseTi saxis sadgurebisaTvis saWiro ar aris didi teriroriis

datborva, rac saSualebas iZleva SevinarCunoT veluri buneba,

sacxovrebeli adgilebi an arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis teritoria.

saqarTveloSi, mdinaris dinebaze momuSave mcire sadgurebi, sadac

dinebis regulireba ar xdeba, Zalian arasasiamovno reJimSi imuSaveben,

wlis ganmavlobaSi mdinaris wylis xarjis uTanabrobis gamo. aseTi

saxis sadgurebisaTvis sakmaod Znelia yvelaze ufro mizanSewonili

mowyonilobis SerCeva, radganac wylis nakadis xangrZliobis diagrama

araTanabaria, wylis done dabalia xangrZlivi periodebis manZilze da

maRalia 3-4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.



158

ufro pozitiuri kuTxiT Tu SevxedavT, kaSxlis sedegad Seqmnili

rezervuarebi kargi dasasvenebeli adgilia; garda amisa, kaSxali wyaldidobis

controls uwyobs xels da amgvarad adgilobriv soflis meurneobasa da

municipalitetebs problemebis Tavidan acilebaSi exmareba.

5.3.2. qari

amJamad saqarTveloSi qaris ar aris qaris eleqtrosadgurebi ar aris., garda

zogierTi mcire 6 kvt blokebisa. amJamad am blokebis muSaobis pirobebi

ucnobia.

Sedgenilia qveynis qaris atlasi. masze gamoyofilia 4 ZiriTadi zona, sadac

30 metris simaRleze qaris saSualo wliuri siCqare 6 m/sT-ze maRalia, 2

zona – sadac qaris siCqarea 5-6 m/sT.

am TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi yvelaze perspeqtiulia didi kavkasionis

maRalmTiani zona, md. mtkvaris xeoba, samxreT saqarTvelos maRlobi

(javaxeTi) da Savi zRvis sanapiros samxreTi nawili (cxrili 5.17).

cxrili 5.17. saqarTveloSi qaris eleqtrosadgurebisaTvis yvelaze

perspeqtiuli adgilebi

didi kavkasioni

qveynis centraluri nawilebi. Zalian

maRali potenciali sabueTis mTaze,

cxrawyaroSi da mamisonis uReltexilze.

md. mtkvris xeoba mcxeTasa da rusTavs Soris

samxreT saqarTvelos

maRlobi (javaxeTi) faravnis tbis axlos

Savi zRvis sanapiros samxreTi

nawili qalaq foTis midamoebSi

wyaro: saqarTvelo – qaris atlasi, 2004.

> 6 m/s 4 - 6 m/s

2- 4 m/s

< 2 m/s



159

grafiki 5-24. qaris zonebi sxvadasxva saSualo wliuri siCqareebis moxedviT

sabWoTa kavSiris “generaluri gegmaSi 2010 wlamde qaris energiis aTvisebis

Sesaxeb” (1989) mocemuli Sefasebis mixedviT miwis zedapiridan 30 metris

simaRleze qaris resursebis potencialia 83 teravat.sT/weliwadSi, rac

SeiZleba karg maCveneblad CaiTvalos. sruli datvirTvis saaTebis saSualo

wliuri raodenobaa 2,500 sT., rac Sedegad gvaZlevs 33,200 mgvt teqnikur

potencials.

bolo wlebis manZilze “qarenergos” qaris energiis samecniero centris

xelsewyobiT saqarTveloSi SemuSavda qaris energiis aTvisebis axali

proeqtebi: 40 mgvt qaris sadguri baTumis raionSi da 20 mgvt qaris sadguri

foTis raionSi. orive obieqti Savi zRvis sanapiros samxreT nawilSi

mdebareobs. qaris energiis aTvisebis am ori proeqtis ganxorcieleba

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo CDM–is dafinansebiT da isini SemoTavazebul iqna

“klimaturi cvlilebebis aRmosavleTis qselis proeqtis” (Eastern Climate Change Network – ECCN, 1998-2002) mier, romelic xorcieldeboda

evrokavSiris komisiis “erToblivi Zalisxmevis programis” mier.

saqarTveloSi eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniis momaragebis doneze saWiro

qaris sadguris sidide savaraudod 0.10 mgvt-dan 2 mgvt-mde unda iyos, xolo

mcire jgufebis doneze eleqtromomaragebisaTvis – 30 mgvt. qaris energiis

gamoyenebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mniSvnelovani Tviseba isaa, rom igi wyvetadia

da simZlavris saSualo koeficienti meryeobs 15%-dan 40%-mde. simZlavris

koeficienti uSualod moqmedebs ekonomikur parametrebze, ris gamoc Zlieri

qarebis adgilas eleqtrosadguris ageba yvelaze rentabeluria.

cxrilSi 5.18 naCvenebia 30 mgvt qaris eleqtrosadguris tipiuri

maxasiaTeblebi, rodesac centrSi, 50 metris simaRleze, qaris saSualo

wliuri siCqare aris 8 m/sT.

cxrili 5.18. qari – parametrebi da Rirebuleba (2003)

wyaro: saqarTvelo – qaris atlasi,



160

sadguris wminda simZlavre (mgvt) 30simZlavris koeficienti (%) 25 – 35 ekonomikuri maCveneblebi

kapitaluri Rirebuleba ($/kvt) 1,000 – 1,400 saeqspluatacio da teqmomsaxurebis

fiqsirebuli xarjebi ($/kvt -weli)

10.5

saeqspluatacio da teqmomsaxurebis

cvladi xarjebi ($/mgvt.sT)5

gaTanabrebuli Rirebuleba ($/mgvt.sT) 41 – 71 wyaro: [1]


gamonabolqvis TvalsazrisiT qaris teqnologiebi ekologiurad sufTa

teqnologiebia. miuxedavad amisa, garemoze zemoqmedebas mainc aqvs adgili, rac

vizualur efeqtebs da frinvelTaTvis Seqmnil saSiSroebas ukavSirdeba.

qaris teqnologiebi asaTviseblad saqarTveloSi yvelaze perspeqtiuli

adgilebia didi kavkasionis maRalmTiani raioni, md. mtkvaris xeoba, samxreT

saqarTvelos maRlobi (javaxeTi) da Savi zRvis sanapiros samxreTi nawili.

aRsaniSnavia, rom foTis midamoebSi qaris sadgurebis mSeneblobas unda

moveridoT, radganac es kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaa.



161

saqarTveloSi romelime yvelaze perspeqtiul adgilas qaris sadgurebis

mSeneblobamde saWiroa yovelmxrivi analizis gakeTeba ekologiuri Sedegebis

minimumamde dayvanis mizniT, romlebic SeiZleba iyos:

qaris turbinebis mier Seqmnili uaryofiTi vizualuri efeqti. qaris

turbinebis simaRle uaxlovdeba da aRemateba 100 metrs, xolo

maqsimaluri efeqturobis misaRwevadmaT aRmarTaven mTis qedis daswvriv

da topografiulad amaRlebul sxva adgilebze. turbinebis sxvadasxva

tipis, mwarmoeblis, feris da brunvis kombinaciam SeiZleba gaaZlieros

vizualuri efeqti.

frinvelebze zemoqmedeba, Tu qaris eleqtrosadguri ganlagebulia

adgilobrivi frinvelebis populaciis an gadamfreni frinvelebis

gadaadgilebis zonebSi. am orive Sedegis nawilobrivi Serbileba

SesaZlebelia adgilis swori SerCevis, ekologiuri kvlevis da

dagegmvis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis gziT.

vibracia da xmauri, romelic iqmneba infrabgeris zonaSi. es garemoeba

fenomeni uaryofiTad moqmedebs cocxal arsebebze. gareuli cxovelebi

aseTi sadgurebis mier Seqmnili xmauris zemoqmedebis zonaSi cxovroben.

am xmas adamianebi ver eguebian, radganac garkveuli sixSire, romelic

adamians ar esmis, janmrTelobisaTvis sazianoa.

arsebobs garkveuli mosazrebebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac qaris

teqnologiebi mTlad ganaxlebadi tipis wyaroebs ar ganekuTvnebian,

radganac maTi mSeneblobisaTvis Zalian ZviradRirebuli masalebi

gamoiyeneba (foladi, spilenZi da sxva Senadnobebi), romelTa

warmoebisaTvis didi raodenobiT pirveladi sawvavis moxmarebaa saWiro.

am argumentebSi naCvenebia, rom Tavisi saeqspluatacio vadis manZilze

qaris sadgurebi ver gamoimuSaveben im odenobis energiis, rac maTi

masalebis warmoebaze iqna daxarjuli. aseT pirobebSi, qaris sadgurebis

mier warmoebuli energia ekologiurad sufTa, ganaxlebad energiad ver

iqneba miCneuli.

5.3.3. saqarTvelos geoTermuli resursebi

saqarTvelo saSualo da dabali temperaturis (33 – 108 ºC) geoTermuli

wylebiT mdidari erTerTi qveyanaa. amJamad saqarTveloSi geoTermuli energia

mxolod siTbos misawodeblad gamoiyeneba. saqarTveloSi arsebuli geoTermuli

wylis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebaa marilis dabali Semcveloba (1-3 gr/l) da

WebSi, milsadenebsa da mowyobilobaze naleqs ar ikeTebs. dRemde gamoiyeneboda

mxolod Sadrevnis meTodi, xelmeore Catumbvis gareSe. amis gamo, zogierT

sabadoebSi orTqlis wneva daeca da nakadi Semcirda.

Teoriulad saqarTveloSi geoTermuli wylebis saSualebiT energiis

generaciis potenciali Sefasebulia rogorc 245-290 mgvt, xolo teqnikuri

potenciali – daaxloebiT 150 mgvt. am potencialis asimilacia

yovelwliurad 1.3 miliardi kvt.sT energiis an 110 000 toe energiis

dazogvis saSualebas iZleva.



162

saqarTvelos arsebuli 50 geoTermuli WaburRilebis umetesoba (ZiriTadad

ara-momqmedi) saSualo siRrmisaa da dabali temperaturis (40-60°C) mxolod

sanitaruli miznebisaTvis gankuTvnili wyalmomomaragebis uzrunvelyofa

SeuZlia. gaTbobisaTvis an eleqtroenergiis generaciisaTvis maTi gamoyeneba

SeuZlebelia. 2000 wlis monacemebiT saqarTvelos energetikis seqtori

yoveldRiurad mxolod 2000m3 geoTermul wyals iyenebs, anu wliurad 730

000 m3-s ZiriTadad TbilisSi, saburTalos raionSi, cxeli wylis miwodebis

mizniT. sxva sistemebi an dazianebulia an testirebis stadiazea. istoriulad,

geoTermuli Webis Tburi energia gamoiyeneboda saTburebSi, sacxovrebeli

ubnebis cxeli wyliT mosamarageblad da centraluri gaTbobis mcire

masStabis sistemebSi. geoTermul energiaze momuSave eleqtrosadgurebi

saqarTveloSi ar aris.

upirvelesi prioriteti unda mieniWos ori arsebuli Wis reabilitaciasa da

optimizacias. es Webia: saburTaloze (TblisSi) da zugdidSi (dasavleT

saqarTveloSi). Tbilisis maxloblad arsebuli lisis rezervuaris analizi

aCvenebs, rom SesaZlebelia warmoebis gazrda weliwadSi 1 milioni m3-dan 4

milion m3-mde. warmodgenili informaciis mixedviT igive SesaZleblobebia

zugdidi-caiSis obieqtzec, sadac agreTve saWiro iqneba milebis sistemis

ZviradRirebuli saremonto samuSaoebis Catareba.

resursis aTviseba amJamad xdeba Sadrevnis meTodiT, rasac Tan sdevs

gamoyenebuli wylis mcire raodenobis Catumbva. amis Sedegad, zogierTi

resursebi Semcirda. am rezervuarebis srulad gamoyenebisaTvis saWiroa

sabadoebis menejmentis ganxorcieleba wylis xelmeore Catumbvis gziT.

ZiriTadi geoTermuli sabadoebi dasavleT saqarTveloSia (rezervuarebis

formaciebi zeda carculi periodis danawevrebuli karstuli kirqvaa danaleq

RrmulebSi) da samxreT-aRmosavleTSi (paleocenis–Sua eocenis

vulkanuri/qviSaqvebi nakecis sistemebSi) (ix. ruka naxazze 5-25).



163

grafiki 5-25. ZiriTadi geoTermuli wyaroebi saqarTveloSi [1]–is mixedviT

aqamde qarTveli specialistebi iTvaliswinebdnen resursebis gamoyenebas

mxolod siTbos miwodebis mizniT da mxolod 2005 wels daigegma 0.5 mgvt.e

geoTermuli eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba [1].

cnobilia, rom rodesac wylis temperatura 90 ºC–ze maRalia, arsebobs

binaruli eleqtrosadgurebis meSveobiT eleqtroenergiis generaciis

SesaZlebloba. sainteresoa agreTve arsebuli sabadoebis potenciali

kogeneraciis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad kindRi-oxureis sabadoze, sadac

Tarmuli wylis temperatura udris 105 ºC–s, xolo mosalodneli mTliani

xarji - 360 kg/wm.-s, SesaZlebelia 4 mgvt.e binaruli eleqtrosadgurebis

aSeneba. am eleqtrosadgurebze gamoyenebuli wylis temperatura 80 ºC iqneba

da misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia siTbos misawodeblad. [1]–is mixedviT

saqarTveloSi kogeneraciis ramodenimesadguris simZlavrem SeiZleba jamSi

Seadginos 15 mgvt.e.

qveda carcul formaciebSi maRali temperaturis (150 ºC-mde) geoTermuli

wyaroebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi (rac uaxloes wlebSia mosalodneli) gaCndeba

binaruli geoTermuli eleqtrosadguris mSeneblobobis SesaZlebloba.

gavrcelebis farTo areali da sakmaod dabali mineralizacia (0.4-2.2 gr./l)

xels uwyobs saqarTveloSi geoTermuli wyaroebis gamoyenebas energiis

generaciisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT cxeli wylis miwodebis mizniT.

eleqtroenergiis generaciis mizniT geoTermuli wyaroebis gamoyenebis

magaliTis saCveneblad, binaruli ciklis eleqtrosadguris saangariSo

parametrebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi 5-19.

1-gagra, 2-soxumi-dranda,3-kindRi-oxurei,4-zugdidi-caiSi-reCqi, 5-kvaloni,6-menji-samtredia-vani, 7-Tbilisi,8-ujarma, 9-wyaltubo, 10-varZia-naqalaqevi



164

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom geoTermuli sadgurebis kapitaluri xarjebi

SeiZleba Zalian gansxvavebuli iyos, radganac calkeuli Webis burRva SeiZleba

xuT milion dolaramde dajdes da WaburRilebis ricxvi damokidebulia imaze,

Tu ra warmatebiT iqneba napovni geoTermuli wyali.

cxrili 5-19. geoTermuli wyaroebi – parametrebi da xarjebi ( 2003) sadguris wminda simZlavre (mgvt) 4simZlavris koeficienti (%) 90ekonomikuri maCveneblebi



40 - 80


cvladi xarjebi ($/mgvt.sT)1.5 - 4

gaTanabrebuli Rirebuleba ($/mgvt.sT) 40 – 60 SeniSvna: Sefaseba iTvaliswinebs binaruli ciklis geoTermuli sadguris

gamoyenebas.

ekologiuri Sedegebi

iseTi dabali mineralizaciis Webis SemTxvevaSic ki rogorc saqarTveloSia,

swori midgomis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, geoTermul wyalSi gaxsnili

mineralebi da saSiSi ara-kondensirebadi gazebi SeiZleba ekulogiurad

problematuri iyos (wylis ukan Catumbva bevr problemas xsnis). garemoze

zemoqmedebis minimumamde dasayvanad, geoTermul eleqtrosadgurebze

gamoyenebuli unda iyos gamonabolqvis kontrolis Tanamedrove teqnologiebi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, am sadgurebidan gamonabolqvi wiaRiseul sawvavze momuSave

yvelaze sufTa sadgurebis CO2 gamonabolqvis 0.2%-ze da gogirdis orJangis

gamonabolqvis 1%-ze naklebia.

wylis temperaturebi da debitebi gansakuTrebiT kargia afxazeTSi, kolxeTis

dablobze da Tbilisis maxloblad. vinaidan am geoTermul wyaroTa umetesoba

mdidaria aqtiuri elementebiT, maTi gamoyeneba meorad damuSavebas saWiroebs,

rac ekonomikur Rirebulebas amcirebs. ufro metic, Tu geoTermuli wyali

srulad gamoyenebuli ar aris, Cndeba mezobeli mdinareebis dabinZurebis

saSiSroeba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac wyali ukan itumbeba, rac sistemas

aZvirebs. aRniSnuli faqtorebi, agreTve soflis meurneobisa da

sayofacxovrebo miznebisaTvis energiaze moTxovnilebis sezonuroba da

zogierTi Wis dabali warmadoba da cudi mdgomareoba iwveven imas, rom

geoTermuli energiis wili qveynis mTlian energetikul balabsSi Zalian

dabalia: erTi procentis mxolod ramodenime meaTeds Seadgens.

[1] - g.BbuaCiZe, Oo. vardigoreli, n. cercvaZe. ganaxlebuli monacemeni

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. moxsenebebi. msoflio geoTermuli kongresi 2000, tokio



165

(Country Update from Georgia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, Tokyo, 2000). [2] - A Strategic Plan for the Development of European Geothermal Sector. Blue Book on Geothermal Resources, European Communities, 1999.



166

5.3.4. biomasis resursebi saqarTveloSi

aq mocemuli ar aris informacia saqarTveloSi biomasis sawyvavis gamoyenebiT

eleqtroenergiis generaciis ukve ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb.

cxrilSi naCvenebia saqarTveloSi arsebuli biomasis mTliani resursi

(monacemebi saqarTvelos biomasis mTliani resursis Sesaxeb, 2002).

biomass resursis tipi MmTliani warmoeba warmoebis

intensiuroba

pirveladi mosavlis warmoeba,tona

(saSualod 1999-2001, tona)

(tona/1000 heqtari)

mTliani pirveladi mosavali

(ranJireba)6,106,847 (21) 876 (20)

pirveli 10 pirveladi

mosavali

furaJis produqtebi

(Sereuli)4,066,667 583

kartifili 375,120 54simindi 312,134 45xorbali 207,160 30yurZeni 203,333 29pamidori 171,667 25kombosto 115,667 17vaSli 97,891 14sazamTro 86,067 12forToxali 42,667 6Sinauri cxovelebi, raodenoba (raodenoba) (raodenoba / 1000

heqtari)rqosani pirutyvi 1,086,500 156Sinauri frinvelebi 8,356,000 1,199 Rorebi 388,490 56Sinauri cxovelebis

eqvivalenturi erTeuli

1,325,456 190

tyis produqtebi, m3 (saSualod 1999-2000, m3) (m3/1000 heqtari)sawvavi SeSa NA NA tyis narCeni produqtebi NA NA

saqarTvelos tyeebis ganaxlebis saSualo saangariSo parametria 1.82 m3

/weliwadSi 1 heqtarze da tyis mTliani rezervia daaxloebiT 380 milioni m3,

rac energetikasa da mreqvelobaSi yovelwliurad 3-5 milioni m3-is moWrili

xis da narCenebis gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. amave dros

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom tyeebis ZiriTadi nawili ganlagebulia mTis

ferdobebze da maTi Setana mTliani moxmarebis balansSi mizanSewonili ar

aris ekologiuri katastrofis maRali riskis gamo, radganac es masStabur

erozias da mewyers gamoiwvevs.



167

biomasisa da narCenebis energetikuli gamoyenebis potencialis Sefaseba,

romelic EEC saqarTvelom evrokavSirSi SemuSavebuli meTodologiebisa da

teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT ganaxorciela gviCvenebs, rom qveynis teqnikuri

energiis mTliani potenciali udris daaxloebiT 400 000 toe (tona energia)weliwadSi, Tumca arsebobs mniSvnelovani saSiSroeba, rom es cifri

sinamdvileSi mniSvnelovnad ufro maRalia amJamadac ki, rodesac xetyis

ukanono Wris gasakontroleblad mkacri administratiuli zomebi

xorcieldeba. garda amisa, saimedo statistikuri monacemebis ararseboba

kvlavac problemad rCeba da abrkolebs mniSvnelovani dargis ganviTarebas,

rogoricaa energiis adgilobrivi wyaroebis aTviseba.

garda amisa, biomasisa da narCenebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba energiis dazogvis

mizniT. anaerobuli duRilis Sedegad 1 tona nakelidan 100 m3 biogazis miReba

SeiZleba, xolo Tanmdevi produqti SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc

maRali xarisxis sasuqi (Tumca sasuqis raodenoba Semcirdeba nakelis

Tavdapirvel moiculobasTan SedarebiT). am variantis nakli isaa, rom

saqarTveloSi, sadac mineraluri sasuqebis raodenoba sakmarisi ar aris, ufro

racionaluri iqneboda nakelis gamoyeneba organul sasuqad da ara energiis

wyarod. ufro metic, zamTarSi, rodesac energiis deficiti mwvavea, saWiro

xdeba biogazis danadgarebisaTvis rezervuaris gaTboba, rom duRilis procesi

daCqardes, ris gamoc es danadgarebi Tavisi warmoebuli energiis 30-50%-s

moixmaren.

miaxloebiTi SefasebiT, biomasisa da narCenebis ekonomiurad gamarTlebuli

energetikuli potenciali Seadgens daaxloebiT 130-150 aTas tona navTobis eqvivalents (toe), im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mokle da saSualovadian periodSi

xelmisawvdomi iqneba teqnikuri potencialis 25-40%.

bio-resursebs Soris gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos soflis meurneobis narCen

produqtebze momuSave biogazis sadgurebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac. amJamad

saqarTveloSi ukve ramodenime aTeuli biogazis danadgari muSaobs. maTi

simZlavre sakmarisia rom ojaxi sawvaviT maragdebodes mTeli wlis

ganmavlobaSi.

eleqtroenergiis generaciis mizniT biomasis gamoyenebis magaliTis

saCveneblad, cxrilSi 5.20 warmodgenilia xetyis narCenebze momuSave

eleqtrosadguris saangariSo parametrebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom monacemebi am

regionisaTvis identificirebuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb xelmisawvromi ar aris.

cxrili 5.20. biomasa – parametrebi da Rirebuleba (2003) sadguris wminda simZlavre (mgvt) 30 sdguris wminda Tburi koeficienti (Btu/kvt.sT)

14,500

simZlavris koeficienti (%) 70-90 ekonomikuri maCveneblebi



168



60


cvladi xarjebi ($/mgvt.sT)8

gaTanabrebuli Rirebuleba $2/ milioni

Btu–s SemTxvevaSi, sawvavis Rirebuleba

($/mgvt.sT)

83 – 100

gaTanabrebuli Rirebuleba $0/milioni

Btu–s SemTxvevaSi, sawvavis Rirebuleba

($/mgvt.sT)

44 - 61


wiaRiseul sawvavze momuSave sadguren\bis msgavsad biomasis sawvavze momuSave

sadgurebs garkveulwilad aqvT gamonabolqvTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. am

danadgarebidan atosferoSi gamoiyofa CO2, azotmJavebi, sxvadasxva nawilakebi

da nivTierebebi, romlebic sawvavis wvis Tanmdev damabinZurebel nivTierebebs

warmoadgenen. biomasis ciklis gaTvaliswinebiT (kvlavwarmoqmnis CaTvliT), es

gamonabolqvi, gansakuTrebiT CO2-is gamofrqveva, gacilebiT ufro dabalia,

vidre wiaRiseuli sawvavis SemTxvevaSi. ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT biomasis

wvis kidev erTi dadebiTi momentia is, rom mcirdeba nagavsayreli ormoebis da

sxva saxis nagansayrelebis teritoria, romelic winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi

sasargeblo teritoriis nawils daikavebda.

anaerobuli bioreaqtors mravali sxva dadebiTi ekologiuri Sedegebi moaqvs:

1. uzrunvelyofen nakelisa da sxva organuli narCenebis lokalizaciis

sistemas; 2. xsnian sunis problemas; 3. amcireben haerze nakelis xrwnis

Sedegad gamoyofili meTanis moculobas; 4. nakelSi arsebuli azoti

gardaiqmneba amiakad, romelic ufro advilad gardaiqmneba mcenareebis mier

vidre azoti. Sesabamisad, niadagi azotis Warb rodenobas aRar Seicavs, rasac

adgili eqneboda miwaze mofenili nakelis SemTxvevaSi; dabolos 5. energiis

generaciis dros xdeba wiaRiseuli sawvavis Canacvleba biogaziT.

nagavsayrelebSi warmoqmnili gazis wvis dros, iseve rogorc TiTqmis yvela

sxva saxis sawvavis wvis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyofa garemos damabinZurebeli

novTierebebis garkveuli odenoba. miuxedavad amisa, mTlianobaSi generaciis

sistemebSi nagavsayrelebis gazis gamoyeneba dadebiTad fasdeba garemos dacvis

specialistebis mier. es imiTaa gamowveuli, rom winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi

nagavsayrelis gazi atmosferoSi gamoiyofoda, rac “saTburis efeqts” qmnis

meTanis Semcvelobis gamo. am gazis Segrovebisa da meTanis naxSirorJangad

gardaqmnis gziT mcirdeba “saTburis efeqtis” mqone gazebis moculoba.



169

5.3.5. mzis energiis resursebi

amJamad saqarTveloSi mzis energia sakmaod cudadaa aTvisebuli. aRsaniSnavia

mxolod brtyeli koleqtorebis da maTi saSualebiT wylis gaTbobis

sistemebis gamoyeneba. miuxedavad amisa, dabali gadaxdisunarianobis gamo maTze

moTxovnileba dabalia da energiis warmoebis moculobebi mcire.

saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mzis radiaciis done

da xangrZlioba Zalian maRali da xangrZlivia. qveynis umetes raionebSi mziani

periodebis xangrZlioba 250-dan 280 dRemdea, rac, dRis xangrZliobis

gaTvaliswinebiT, weliwadSi daaxloebiT 1900-2200 saaTs udris. mzis

energiis aTvisebis potencialis maCveneblebi warmodgenilia cxrilebSi 5.21 da

5.22 Tbilisisa (dedaqalaqi) da soxumisaTvis.

cxrili 5.21. mzis radiaciis mTliani Tviuri da wliuri maCvenebeli

horizontalur sibrtyeze, mj/m2 adgilis

dasaxelebaI II III IV V VI VII VII IX X XI XII wliuri

Tbilisi 178 235 382 487 621 679 703 628 468 331 186 150 5048 soxumi 186 227 385 459 629 705 706 626 481 335 202 148 5089

cxrili 5.22. mzis pirdapiri radiaciis mTliani Tviuri da wliuri

maCvenebeli normalur sibrtyeze mzis sxivebis mimarT, mj/m2adgilis

dasaxelebaI II III IV V VI VII VII IX X XI XII wliuri

Tbilisi 209 238 336 410 514 626 631 619 494 401 230 197 4905 soxumi 255 235 375 381 509 595 565 551 504 410 280 206 4866

5.21 da 5.22 cxrilebSi moyvanili monacemebi aRebulia [1]–dan da warmoadgenen mravalwliani dakvirvebebis gasaSualoebul sidideebs.

5.21 da 5.22 cxrilebSi moyvanili monacemebi Zalian tipiuria saqarTvelos

teritoriis udidesi nawilisaTvis. miuxedavad amisa, qveynis samxreT-dasavleT

nawilSi, kerZod aWaraSi (baTumSi) mzis energiis aTvisebis potenciali

gacilebiT ufro dabalia. rTuli mTiani reliefi agreTve Zalian moqmedebs

mzis energiis potencialis sidideze. amave dros, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia

romelime iseTi zonis gamoyofa, sadac es potenciali 5.21 da 5.22 cxrilebSi

moyvanil monacemebze ufro maRali iqneboda.

Sefasebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi mzis energiis mTliani Teoriuli

potenciali weliwadSi daaxloebiT 108mgvt.sT-s udris, rac weliwadSi

daaxloebiT 34 miliardi tona eqvivalenturi sawvavia.

mzis energiis gamoyenebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom misi transformireba

eleqtroenergiad arc ekonomikuri da arc energetikuli TvalsazrisiT

mizanSewonili ar aris. miuxedavad amisa, mzis energiis Tbur energiad

gardaqmna mzis koleqtorebis gamoyenebiT (wylis gaTboba) Zalian xelsayrelia.



170

mosalodnelia, rom momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi dabali potencialis

Tburi datvirTvis 5% mzis energiis xarjze iqneba dakmayofilebuli, rac

garkveuli Sveba iqneba eleqtrosistemisaTvis. saSualovadian periodSi mzis

energiis moxmareba SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaizardos sacxovrebel korpusebSi,

soflis meurneobaSi, sakvebis gadamuSavebaSi, xis masalis gaSrobaSi da a.S.

zogadad mzis energias grZelvadian periodSi kargi perspeqtiva aqvs

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanos qveynis energetikul balansSi, magram amJamad

fotoelementebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergia jer kidev metismetad Zviria,

rom saqarTveloSi farTo gamoyeneba hpovos. Sesabamisad, mzis energiis

teqnologiebis aTvisebis stimuli ar arsebobs.

fiqsirebuli daxrilobis mqone erTi kristaluri danadgaris zogadi

maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia cxrilSi 5.23.

cxrili 5.23. mzis elementebi – parametrebi da Rirebuleba (2003) sadguris wminda simZlavre (mgvt) 1.5 simZlavris koeficienti (%) 20 – 22 ekonomikuri maCveneblebi



5.7 – 8.2


cvladi xarjebi ($/mgvt.sT)0.5 – 1.5

gaTanabrebuli Rirebuleba ($/mgvt.sT) 330 – 470

ekologiuri Sedegebi

mzis elementebis erTerTi yvelaze Zlieri mxare isaa, rom

damontaJebis Semdeg isini garemos faqtiurad ar abinZureben.

miuxedavad amisa, mzis elementebis warmoebis dros gamoiyofa mZime

metalebi, rac saTanado zedamxedvelobisa da kontrolis gareSe

SeiZleba mavne iyos. tradiciul teqnologiebTan SedarebiT es

ekologiuri zemoqmedeba umniSvneloa.

[1] – samecniero cnobari ssrk-s klimatis Sesaxeb, “hidrometeoizdat”, l., me-

15 gamocema, 1990.

5.3.6. ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis winaswari Sefaseba

xelmisawvdomi teqnikuri potencialis, teqnologiis ganviTarebis

donis da saangariSo kapitaluri xarjebis Sefasebis safuZvelze

moxda ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis Sefaseba maTi

potenciuri sargeblianobasa da Rirebulebis Tanafardobis

safuZvelze. es Sedegebi gamoyenebul iqna rogorc ganaxlebadi



171

teqnologiebis iseTi samagaliTo proeqtebis SesamuSaveblad,

romelTa ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia 2021 wlamde periodSi.

am analizSi Setanili iyo yvela ganaxlebadi wyaro, mzis

fotoelementebis garda.

danarTSi aRwerili meTodologiis safuZvelze, ganaxlebadi

teqnologiebis yvela potenciur proeqts, romelic SeiZleba

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuliyo, mieniWa garkveuli xarisxi - .

gamoangariSebul iqna proeqtebis TiToeuli jgufis rigiTobis

xarisxi (RI), risTvisac mimdinare Rirebulebisa da mosalodneli

sargebelis Sefardeba gayofil iqna xarjebze. sargebelis

gamoangariSeba moxda eleqtroenergiis garantirebuli generaciisa

da meoradi energiis jamisa da saimedo simZlavris safuZvelze.

xarjebi Sefasda rogorc sainvesticio xarjebs plus

eqspluataciisa da teqmomsaxurebis xarjebis mimdinare Rirebuleba.

Sedegebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi 5.24.



172

cxrili 5.24. ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis rigiTobis Sefasebis

Sedegebi

sadguris

dasaxeleba

dadgmuli

simZlavre

saimedo

simZlavre

sadguris

koeficienti

saSualo

wliuri

generacia

wliuri

generacia

gvalvian

wels

kapitalur

i xarjebi

sadguris

saeqsplua

tacio

vada RI=B/C

(mgvt) (mgvt) (%) (gvt.sT) (gvt.sT)aSS$/ kvt. wlebi

mcire,

10 mgvt-ze

naklebi

10 9 50 44 31 3000 40 0.63

mcire,

10-dan 50 mgvt.-mde

25 23 45 99 69 2700 40 0.65

saSualo

50 - 100 mgvt 75 68 45 296 207 2500 40 0.71

qari 30 0 35 92 92 1600 25 0.56 geoTermuli 15 14 90 118 118 3500 25 0.65 biomasa 10 9 70 61 61 3000 25 0.63 xudoni 638 638 24 1328 1009 947 50 1.56 namaxvanis

kaskadi 450 450 40 1568 1192 1424 50 1.31

faravani 123 123 41 440 334 919 50 2.06

zemoT moyvanili cxrilidan Cans, rom didi hesebis rigiTobis maCvenebeli

yvelaze maRalia, xolo qaris eleqtrosadgurebisa – yvelaze dabali. es

imiTaa gamowveuli, rom rigiTobis Sefasebis dros gaTvaliswinebulia ara

mxolod generaciiT gamowveuli efeqtebi, aramed simZlavreze damokidebuli

efeqtebic (Semosavlebi), rac qaris sadgurebis SemTxvevaSi ugulebelyofilia.

geoTermuli da biomasis wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi rigiTobis indeqsi igive

donezea, rac mcire hesebis SemTxvevaSi, radganac am sadgurebis simZlavris

koeficienti maRalia, magram kapitaluri xarjebic maRalia. miuxedavad amisa,

imis gamo rom saqarTveloSi geoTermuli da biomasis wyaroebis gamoyenebiT

eleqtroenergiis generacia jerjerobiT dRis wesrigSi ar dgas da rom

saangariSo teqnikuri potenciali sakmaod dabalia (15 mgvte da 10 mgvte), es

resursebi Setanili ar aris ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtSi.

garda amisa, saSualo sididis (50 da 100 mgvt) hesebis proeqtebi SeiZleba

ganxilul iqnas rogorc “ara-mcire” (aq ar Sedis wyalsacavis armqone, dabali

dawnevis sadgurebi, romelic mcire zemoqmedebas axdenen gaermoze). maTi

parametrebi Zalian specifikuria yvela calke aRebuli obieqtisaTvis, ris

gamoc maTi jgufuri analizi SeuZlebelia. amrigad es kategoriac gamoiricxa

ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtebis ricxvidan.

yvelaferi zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo

proeqti moicavs 10 mgvt-ze dabali simZlavris mcire hesebs, 10-dan 50 mgvt-

mde mcire hesebs da qaris eleqtrosadgurebs. ganaxlebadi wyarebis tipebis

mixedviT navaraudevia eleqtrosadguris Semdegi simZlavreebi:

10 mgvt-ze dabali simZlavris mcire hesebi – 5 mgvt



173

10-dan 50 mgvt-mde mcire hesebi – 25 mgvt

qaris eleqtrosadgurebi – 30 mgvt, erTi agregatis simZlavre

1.5.

amis garda, ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis mTliani simZlavre, romlis

aTvisebac SesaZlebelia 2021 wlamde, Sefasda rogorc 495 mgvt, imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi maTi gamoyenebis maCveneblebi iqneba

Semdegi:2011-2015 ww. periodi

ganaxlebadi

wyaro

10 mgvt-ze

dabali

simZlavris

mcire

hesebi

10-dan 50

mgvt-mde

mcire

hesebi

qaris

eleqtrosadgurebi

ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo

proeqti

proeqtebis

raodenoba

periodis

manZilze

10 5 1

mTliani

simZlavre

periodis

manZilze

50 mgvt 125 mgvt 45 mgvt 220 mgvt

proeqtebis

raodenoba

weliwadSi

2 1 6 agregati

simZlavris

namati

weliwadSi


sadguris

saangariSo

koeficienti

50 %sT 45 % 35 % 44 %

kapitaluri

xarjebi 3000 $/kvt 2700 $/kvt 1600 $/kvt 2543 $/kvt

2015-2021 ww. periodi

ganaxlebadi

wyaro

10 mgvt-ze

dabali

simZlavris

mcire hesebi

10-dan 50

mgvt-mde

mcire

hesebi

qaris

eleqtrosadgurebi

ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo

proeqti

proeqtebis

raodenoba

periodis

manZilze

15 5 2

mTliani

simZlavre

periodis




174

manZilze

proeqtebis

raodenoba

weliwadSi

3 1 10 agregati

simZlavris

namati

weliwadSi


sadguris

saangariSo

koeficienti

50 % 45 % 35 % 44 %

kapitaluri


ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtis kapitaluri xarjebi

ganisazRvra samagaliTo proeqtSi Setanili proeqtebis xarjebis safuZvelze,

ris Sedegadac miRebul iqna Semdegi:

ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtma, romelic 2011-2015 wlebisaa dagegmili, unda uzrunvelyos 44 mgvt/w., 170 gvt.sT

saSualo wliuri generacia da 2543 US$/kvt saSualo Sewonili

kapitaluri xarjebi.

ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtma, romelic 2015-2020 wlebisaa dagegmili, unda uzrunvelyos 55 mgvt/w., 210 gvt.sT

saSualo wliuri generacia da 2482US$/kvt saSualo Sewonili

kapitaluri xarjebi.

umciresi danaxarjebiT energetikis ganviTarebis dagegmvis dros, ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtis Tviuri generacia hesebisaTvis gamisazRvra

xudonhesis wliuri generaciis Tviur ganawilebaze dayrdnobiT, xolo qaris

sadgurebisaTvis – wrfivi Tviuri ganawilebis safuZvelze, rac neCvenebia

cxrilSi 5. 25.

cxrili 5.25 ganaxlebadi teqnologiis samagaliTo proeqtis Tviuri generacia

MTviuri

generacia

(gvt.sT)

2011-2015 ww. ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo proeqti

2015-2021 ww. ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo proeqti

ianvari 12.3 15.2Tebervali 8.5 10.5marti 9.6 11.8aprili 13.1 16.2maisi 21.8 27.0ivnisi 23.1 28.5ivlisi 23.1 28.5agvisto 14.3 17.7seqtemberi 13.1 16.2



175

oqtomberi 7.5 9.3noemberi 10.9 13.5dekemberi 12.7 15.7Awliuri 170 210

Tu am midgomas gamoviyenebT, 2015 wels saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis mTlian

balansSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis wili, qaris sadgurebis monawileobis

SemTxvevaSi, iqneba 8% da 10 mgvt-ze dabali simZlavris mcire hesebis

monawileobis SemTxvevaSi - 3.5 %. 2021 wlamde periodSi es wili savaraudod

iqneba 15% qaris sadgurebis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi da 7% - 10 mgvt-ze

dabali simZlavris mcire hesebis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi. igulisxmeba, rom

ganviTarebis aseTi alternatiuli gza SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

mTavroba SemoiRebs Zlier mastimulirebel meqanizmebs da xels Seuwyobs

momavalSi ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebas eleqtroenergiis generaciis

mizniT.

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis aTvisebis gamovlenili samagaliTo proeqtebi

gamoyenebuli iyo umciresi danaxarjebiT energetikis ganviTarebis dagegmvis

dros, rac aRwerilia me-6 TavSi.



176

6. generaciis ganviTarebis gegmebi

momavali ganviTarebis gegmebi ganisazRvra eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

sami sxvadasxva variantisaTvis, arsebuli da axali hesebisa da Tbosadgurebis

zemoxsenebul maxasiaTeblebze dayrdnobiT da dagegmvis mizniT gakeTebuli

daSvebebisa da kriteriumebis safuZvelze.

qvemoT moyvanil 6.1 cxrilSi naCvenebia yvela gaanalizebuli scenari. igi

Seicavs monacemebs moTxovnilebis prognozis, gazis fasis prognozis,

eleqtroenergiis importis da hesebis SerCevis meTodis Sesaxeb.

alternatiuli variantebis analizis dros, ganviTarebis programaSi hesebis

Setana moxda sxvadasxva midgomebis gamoyenebiT, dawyebuli sruliad

“Tavisufali” SerCeviTY(am SemTxvevaSi WASP modeli arCevans akeTebs

ekonomikuri mosazrebebidan da sxva moTTxovnilebebidan gamomdinare)

damTavrebuli zogierTi an yvela proeqtis “iZulebiTi” SerCeviT (am

SemTxvevaSi programiT mosargeble piri uTiTebs, Tu romeli proeqti unda

iyos Setanili ganviTarebis programaSi).

cxrili 6.1. SesaZloLscenarebi

scenaridatvirTvis

prognozi

gazis

fasis

prognozi

Eeleqtroe

nergiis

importi

hesebis SerCeva

sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

sabaziso

scenari

SezRuduli importi

sabaziso saSualo ara

yvela

“Tavisufali”

SerCeviT

alternativa 1

gnaxlebadi wyaroebi sabaziso saSualo ara

prioriteti

eniWebaT ganaxlebad

teqnologiebs

Priority for alternativa 2 importi sabaziso saSualo diax

yvela

“iZulebiTi”

SerCeviT

alternativa 3 mxolod gazi

sabaziso saSualo ara hesebis gareSe

alternativa 4 mxolod xudonhesi sabaziso saSualo ara

xudonhesi

“iZulebiTi”

SerCeviT

alternativa 5 mxolod namaxvanis

kaskadi

sabaziso saSualo ara

namaxvanis

kaskadi

“iZulebiTi”

SerCeviT



177

scenaridatvirTvis

prognozi

gazis

fasis

prognozi

Eeleqtroe

nergiis

importi

hesebis SerCeva

alternativa 6 mxolod naxSiri

sabaziso saSualo ara hesebis gareSe

alternativa 7 Tbosadgurebi da

hesebi

sabaziso maRali ara

yvela

“Tavisufali”

SerCeviT

alternativa 8 Tbosadgurebi da

hesebi

sabaziso dabali ara

yvela

“Tavisufali”

SerCeviT

maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba (HDF)sabaziso

scenari HDF SezRuduli importi

dabali saSualo ara

yvela

“Tavisufali”

SerCeviT

alternativa 2 HDF importi dabali saSualo diax

yvela

iZulebiTi

SerCeviT

dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba (LDF)sabaziso

scenari LDF SezRuduli importi

maRali saSualo ara

yvela

“Tavisufali”

SerCeviT

alternativa 2 LDFimportis

alternativa

maRali saSualo diax

yvela

iZulebiTi

SerCeviT

analizi ZiriTadad Sesrulda sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebisaTvis, xolo

sensitiurobis analizi gakeTda dabali da maRali saprognozo

moTxovnilebisaTvis. mosalodneli saprognozo datvirTvebi warmodgenilia

cxrilebSi 6.2 da 6.3.



178

cxrili 6.2. Awliuri pikuri datvirTvis prognozi (mgvt)

2007 w. 2015 w. 2021 w.

sabaziso

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

1591 2025 2392

maRali

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

1591 2351 3150

dabali

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

1591 1938 2248

saSualo wliuri zrdis koeficientia 3% sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi, 5% - maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi da 2.5% -

dabali maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi.

cxrili 6.3. Aenergiis wliuri prognozi (gvt.sT)

Y2007 w. Y2015 w. Y2021 w.

sabaziso

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

8167 10395 12279

maRali

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

8167 12069 16170

dabali

saprognozo

moTxovnileba

8167 9948 11540

2021 wlisaTvis energiaze wliuri maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba sabaziso

moTxovnilebasTan SedarebiT 32%-iT ufro maRalia, xolo dabali saprognozo

moTxovnileba - 6%-iT dabali.

6.1. dagegmvisas gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi daSvebebi da kriteriumebi

proeqtis sawyis stadiaze SeTanxmebuli iyo, rom WASP IV kompiuteruli

programis paketi gamoyenebuli iqneba minimaluri danaxarjebiT generaciis

sistemis ganviTarebis saSualo/grZelvadiani gegmis SemuSavebisas, sistemis

ganviTarebis sxvadasxva scenarebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amisaTvis saWiro gaxda

ramodenime damatebiTi daSvebis da kriteriumis miReba.

konsultantis gamocdilebaze da saqarTvelos energosistemis Sesaxeb codnaze

dayrdnobiT, sistemis ganviTarebis gegmaze muSaobis procesSi miRebul iqna

Semdegi daSvebebi da kriteriumebi:

dagegmvis periodia 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan 2021 wlis 31 dekembramde.



179

yvela xarjebi ganisazRvra 2007 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis arsebul fasebze

dayrdnobiT, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe.

analizi gakeTda aSS dolarebSi, gacvlis kursiT 1 aSS $ – 1.67 lari,

xolo evrosa da aSS dolars Soris Tanafardobis koeficienti - 0.752.

sabaziso realur diskontirebis normad navaraudevia 10%, diskontireba

gakeTda 2007 wlis 1 ianvramde;

navaraudevia, rom hidrosadgurebis ekonomikurad sasargeblo

saeqspluatacio vada iqneba 50 weli;

Tbosadgurebis agregatebis ekonomikurad sasargeblo saeqspluatacio

vada iqneba:

o kombinirebuli ciklis gazis turbina (CCGT) - 25 weli

o OCGT 20 weli

o CHP 25 weli

generaciis sistemis gafarToebis saboloo gegmis ganisazRvrisas

mxedvelobaSi iyo miRebuli sistemis mier saimedo eleqtromomaragebis

aucilebloba. sistemis gaTiSvis albaTobaa (LOLP) erTi dRe weliwadSi.amis Sedegad viRebT Sesadar sarezervo marJas sistemis ganviTarebis

saboloo gegmisaTvis;

mocemul kvlevaSi miuwodebeli energiis (ENS) Rirebulebad aRebulia

0.57$/kvt.sT, rac 10-jer aRemateba Tbosadgurebis yvelaze maRal

tarifs).

saqarTvelodan eleqtroenergiis eqsportis saSualo fasi navaraudevia

35 $/mgvt.sT, da

eleqtroenergiis importis saSualo fasi navaraudevia 35 $/mgvt.sT.

6.2. sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

sabaziso scenari

saqarTvelos energosistemis momavali ganviTareba didadaa damokidebuli imaze

Tu ra daSveba iqneba gakeTebuli eleqtroenergiis importTan mimarTebaSi,

gansakuTrebiT import-eqsportis grZelvadiani kavSirebis ararsebobis

gaTvaliswinebiT. Cveulebriv dagegmvis dros upirveles yovlisa eyrdnobian im

mosazrebas, rom energosistemas qveynis mTliani moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba

damoukideblad unda SeeZlos. es principi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sabaziso

scenaris analizis dros. masSi warmodgenilia alternatiuli varianti

yvelaze ufro srulad akmayofilebs adgilobriv moTxovnilebas da yvelaze



180

naklebadaa damokidebuli importze. kerZod minimaluri danaxarjebiT sistemis

ganviTarebis dagegmvis dros SemuSavebuli sabaziso scenari Semdeg

daSvebebs eyrdnoba:

importi daSvebulia 2010 wlamde, e.i. mxolod im periodSi romlis

drosac generaciis axali obieqtebis aSeneba SeuZlebelia;

importirebuli eleqtroenergiis moculobis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT

prioriteti eniWeba arsebul Tbosadgurebs, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra

Tanafardoba arsebobs Tbosadgurebis tarifsa da importis tarifs

Soris;

gazis sawvavze momuSave pirveli Tbosadguri eqspluataciaSi Sedis 2011

wlidan;

navaraudevia, rom bunebrivi gazis miwodebaSi araviTari SezRudvebi ar

aris;

SerCeuli hesebi eqspluataciaSi Sedian 2013 wlidan;

yvela hidrosadguri gegmaSi Setanili iyo ekonomikuri kriteriumebis

mkacri gaTvaliswinebiT (yvela hesi SeirCa “Tavisufali” SerCevis gziT).

eleqtroenergiis importis simulireba moxda eleqtroenergiis gacvlis

formiT. navaraudevia rom importi ganxorcieldeba zamTris TveebSi

(seqtembridan aprilamde) xolo arsebuli da axali hesebis generaciis

importi moxdeba mais-agvistoSi da importisa da eqsportis moculobebi wlis

ganmavlobaSi dabalansdeba.

sabaziso scenaris analizidan naTelia, rom eleqtroenergiis generaciis

simZlavreebSi investiciebis Cadeba saqarTvelos energosistemisaTvis saWiro

gaxdeba 2009 wlidan. am scenarisaTvis aRebuli sabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebidan da daSvebebidan gamomdinare, cxadi xdeba, rom 2009 wlidan

saqarTvelos energosistema saimedod ver daakmayofilebs eleqtroenergiis

prognozirebul moTxovnilebas generaciis axali simZlavreebis gareSe.

minimaluri xarjebiT generaciis sistemis ganviTarebis gegmam aCvena, rom 2007-

2008 wlebSi sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba SeiZleba dakmayofildes

arsebuli eleqtrosadgurebis meSveobiT, eleqtroenergiis importis damatebis

gareSe. kerZod, gaangariSebis mixedviT, 2007-2008 wlebSi sistemis saimedobis

done (LOLPs) saWiro 0.274%-ze dabalia da naTelia, rom naTelia, rom

sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba sistemis saimedobis saWiro doneze

SeiZleba dakmayofildes gaanalizebuli dasagegmi periodis dasawyisSi.

2009 wels mdgomareoba icvleba. minimaluri xarjebiT generaciis sistemis

ganviTarebis gegmam aCvena, rom 2009 wels sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

ar SeiZleba dakmayofildes arsebuli eleqtrosadgurebis mier, damatebiTi

importis an axali energoblkebis mSeneblobis gareSe. kandidati

eleqtrosadgurebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze (romelic wina

TavebSi iyo Sejamebuli), gazis sawvavze momuSave axali blokebi

eqspluataciaSi ver Seva 2011 wlamde, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom gazis



181

blokebis (CCGT 150 mgvt) mSeneblobas 3 weli dasWirdeba, xolo axali

hesebis eqspluataciaSi gaSveba savaraudod 2013 wels iqneba SesaZlebeli.

damatebiTi eleqtroenergiis importi saWiroa mxolod weliwadis “kritikul”

periodSi, zamTris TveebSi, roforc es 6.4. cxrilidan Cans. eleqtroenergiis

importis moculobebi, romelic 6.4 cxrilSia warmodgenili, iTvaliswinebs,

rom realizebuli importi hidrologiuri pirobebis albaTobazea

damokidebuli.

cxrili 6.4. eleqtroenergiis importi (gvt.sT)

2009 2010

ianvari 2.1 4.3Tebervali 2.0 4.3marti 0.0 0.5arili-

seqtemberi 0.0 0.0

oqtomberi 0.0 0.0noemberi 0.0 0.0dekemberi 0.0 2.6sul 4.2 11.7

sabaziso scenarisaTvis generaciis axali simZlavreebis wliuri

zrdis gegma warmodgenilia cxrilSi 6.5.

cxrili 6.5. generaciis sistemis ganviTarebis gegma sabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebisa da sabaziso scenarisaTvis

sabaziso scenaris analizis dros konsultantis mier gamovlenili

ZiriTadi faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas dasWirdeba 1684 mgvt

generaciis axali simZlavreebi.2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 576 mgvt Tbogeneracis axali simZlavreebi

da 1108 mgvt hidrogeneraciis axali simZlavreebi.

2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30 mgvt da 4 gvt.sT, xolo 2010

wlisaTvis 60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT.

2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli energiis

wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 2,109 milioni aSS$; da hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 245 milion aSS dolars.



182

weli

Ppikuri

datvirTva

(mgvt)

axali simZlavre

sistemis

saimedoba

(LOLP)

importi

(mgvt/gvt.sT

)

2007 1591 0.156

2008 1640 0.191

2009 1690 0.127 30/4

2010 1741 0.196 60/12

2011 1795 CCGT 144mgvt 0.004

2012 1850 0.160

2013 1906 faravanhesi (120 mgvt)

tviSi hesi (100 mgvt) 0.005

2014 1965 namaxvanhesi (250 mgvt) 0.036

2015 2025 kombinirebuli ciklis gazis

turbina 144 mgvt x 2 0.000

2016 2087 0.251


turbina 144 mgvt0.004

2018 2209 0.005

2019 2268 0.197

2020 2330 HPxudonhesi (638 mgvt) 0.000

2021 2392 0.110

Total 1,684 mgvt

yvela gaanalizebuli alternatiuli variantis (ara mxolod sabaziso

scenaris)Sedegebis mixedviT, Cans rom faravanhesis mSenebloba gamarTlebulia

da rom am hidrosadguris samSeneblo samuSaoebi unda daiwyos Zalian male,

rom misi gaSveba SesaZlebeli gaxdes rac SeiZleba adre, an yovel SemTxvevaSi

2013 wlis dasawyisSi mainc.

amis garda, optimaluri gadawyveta, romelic eleqtroenergiis importis

minimumamde dayvanas iTvaliswinebs, moiTxovs gazis sawvavze momuSave,

kombinirebuli ciklis 4 blokis, namaxvanis kaskadis da xudonhesis

mSeneblobas. miuxedavad amisa, xudonhesis mSenebloba gadadebulia 2020

wlamde imis gamo, rom mezobel qveynebTan eleqtroenergiis gacvla navaraudevi

ar aris da rom hesebis Warbi generacia ar gamoiyeneba. kerZod, hesebis Warbi

generacia gaangariSebulia yvela alternatiuli variantisaTvis da eqsportis

yvela gaanalizebuli alternatiuli variantis (ara mxolod sabaziso

scenaris)Sedegebis mixedviT, Cans rom faravanhesis mSenebloba gamarTlebulia

da rom am hidrosadguris samSeneblo samuSaoebi unda daiwyos Zalian male,

rom misi gaSveba SesaZlebeli gaxdes rac SeiZleba adre, an yovel SemTxvevaSi

2013 wlis dasawyisSi mainc.

amis garda, optimaluri gadawyveta, romelic eleqtroenergiis importis

minimumamde dayvanas iTvaliswinebs, moiTxovs gazis sawvavze momuSave,

kombinirebuli ciklis 4 blokis, namaxvanis kaskadis da xudonhesis

mSeneblobas. miuxedavad amisa, xudonhesis mSenebloba gadadebulia 2020

wlamde imis gamo, rom mezobel qveynebTan eleqtroenergiis gacvla navaraudevi

ar aris da rom hesebis Warbi generacia ar gamoiyeneba. kerZod, hesebis Warbi

generacia gaangariSebulia yvela alternatiuli variantisaTvis da eqsportis



183

potenciali Sefasebulia 35 aSS$/mgvt.sT fasze dayrdnobiT. sabaziso

scenarSi potenciuri Semosavali, romelic SeiZleba hesebis Warbi

generaciis eqsportidan iyos miRebuli 245 million aSS$-s Seadgens. am

SemosavalSi ar Sedis eleqtroenergiis gacvla 2009-2010 wlebSi saWiro

importis dasabalanseblad.

sabaziso scenaris mixedviT, sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi, 2007-2021 wlebSi arsebuli da axali hidro da Tbosadgurebis

gaangariSebuli simZlavre da mosalodneli wliuri generacia mocemulia

grafikebze 6-1 da 6-2.

0

500

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2000

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3000

3500

4000

4500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Inst

alle

d ca

paci

ty (M

W)

HppExist TppExist HppNew TPPnew Import Peak Load

grafiki 6-1: sabaziso scenari da sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

– dadgmuli simZlavre da wliuri pikuri datvirTvebi

35 aSS$/potenciali Sefasebulia /mgvt.sT fasze dayrdnobiT. sabaziso

scenarSi potenciuri Semosavali, romelic SeiZleba hesebis Warbi el

245 le

aSS$-generaciis eqsportidan iyos miRebuli million -s Seadgens. am

SemosavalSi ar Sedis eleqtroenergiis gacvla 2009-2010 wlebSi saWiro

importis dasabalanseblad.



184

0

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6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Ener

gy (G

Wh)

HPPexisting TPPexisting HPPnew TPPnew Import Consumption

grafiki 6-2: sabaziso scenari da sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

- mosalodneli generacia da wliuri moxmareba



185

alternativa 1 ganaxlebadi wyaroebi

sabaziso scenaris farglebSi gansaxorcielebeli kandidati proeqtebis

ricxvSi gaanalizebul iqna me-5 TavSi Sefasebuli da aRwerili ganaxlebadi

teqnologiebis samagaliTo proeqtebi, magram isini ver Sevidnen minimaluri

danaxarjebiT sistemis ganviTarebis gegmaSi. amis gamo, SemuSavda ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis alternativa N#1, rogorc erTerTi varianti, romelic ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebas da qvemoT moyvanil wliur maCveneblebs

iTvaliswinebs:


ganaxlebadi

wyaro

10 mgvt-ze

dabali

simZlavris

mcire hesebi

10-dan 50

mgvt-mde

mcire hesebi

qaris

eleqtrosadgurebi

ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo

proeqti

proeqtebis

raodenoba

periodis

manZilze

10 5 1

mTliani

simZlavre

periodis

manZilze


proeqtebis

raodenoba

weliwadSi

2 1 6 bloki

simZlavris

namati

weliwadSi


sadguris

saangariSo

koeficienti

50 % 45 % 35 % 44 %

kapitaluri




186


ganaxlebadi

wyaro

10 mgvt-ze

dabali

simZlavris

mcire hesebi

10-dan 50

mgvt-mde

mcire hesebi

qaris

eleqtrosadgurebi

ganaxlebadi

teqnologiis

samagaliTo

proeqti

proeqtebis

raodenoba

periodis

manZilze

15 5 2

mTliani

simZlavre

periodis

manZilze


proeqtebis

raodenoba

weliwadSi

3 1 10 bloki

simZlavris

namati

weliwadSi


sadguris

saangariSo

koeficienti

50 % 45 % 35 % 44 %

kapitaluri


Tu am midgomas gamoviyenebT, 2015 wels saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis mTlian

balansSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis wili, qaris sadgurebis monawileobis

SemTxvevaSi, iqneba 8% da 10 mgvt-ze dabali simZlavris mcire hesebis

monawileobis SemTxvevaSi - 3.5 %. 2021 wlamde periodSi es wili savaraudod

iqneba 15% qaris sadgurebis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi da 7% - 10 mgvt-ze

dabali simZlavris mcire hesebis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi. igulisxmeba, rom

ganviTarebis aseTi alternatiuli gza SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

mTavroba SemoiRebs Zlier mastimulirebel meqanizmebs da xels Seuwyobs

momavalSi ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebas eleqtroenergiis generaciis

mizniT.

minimaluri danaxarjebiT sistemis ganviTarebis dagegmvisas SemuSavebuli

alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi wyaroebi Semdeg daSvebebs eyrdnoba:






Soris;



187


wlidan;

ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis ganxorcieleba iwyeba 2011 wlidan

da yovelwliurad emateba 44 mgvt (2015 wlis Semdeg - 55 mgvt);


aris;

SerCeuli hesebi eqspluataciaSi Sedian 2013 wlidan; da

yvela didi hidrosadguri da Tbosadguri gegmaSi Setanili iyo

ekonomikuri kriteriumebis mkacri gaTvaliswinebiT (yvela hesi SeirCa

“Tavisufali” SerCevis gziT).


formiT - zustad ise,

rogorc sabaziso

scenarSi. navaraudevia

rom importi

ganxorcieldeba zamTris

TveebSi (seqtembridan

aprilamde) xolo

arsebuli da axali

hesebis generaciis

importi moxdeba mais-

agvistoSi da importisa

da eqsportis

moculobebi wlis

ganmavlobaSi

dabalansdeba.

alternativa 1 –

ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis

scenarisaTvis

generaciis axali

simZlavreebis wliuri

zrdis gegma

warmodgenilia cxrilSi 6.6.

sabaziso scenarTan SedarebiT ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis proeqtebis

ganxorcieleba gadaavadebs yvela msxvili hidrosadguris mSeneblobas, garda

faravanhesisa, romelic pirvel hidroproeqtadaa Setanili minimaluri

danaxarjebiT energosistebis ganviTarebis gegmaSi da 2013 wlidan unda

daiwyos. namaxvanis kaskadis proeqtebi gadavaddeba 2017/2018 wlebamde, xolo

xudonhesi saerTod ar aris Setanili am gegmaSi. gazis sawvavze momuSave

axali TbosadgurebisaTvis gegma igive rCeba rac sabaziso scenarSi, mxolod im

gansxvavebiT, rom gazis sawvavze momuSave erTerTi 144 mgvt blokis mSenebloba

odnav gviandeba: 2020 wlamde nacvlad 1017-isa.

“alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis” analizis dros konsultantis mier

gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos

energosistemas dasWirdeba 1541 mgvt

generaciis axali simZlavreebi.2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 576 mgvt

Tbogeneracis axali simZlavreebi, 470 mgvt hidrogeneraciis axali simZlavreebi

da 495 mgvt ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis

axali proeqtebi.2021 wlamde saWiro

iqneba (120 mgvt qari, 125 mgvt hesebi<10 mgvt, 250 mgvt hesebi 10-dan 50 mgvt-mde);2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30

mgvt da 4 gvt.sT, xolo 2010 wlisaTvis

60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis,

eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli energiis

wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 2,224 milioni aSS$; da hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan

miRebuli SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 274 milion aSS dolars.



188



189


moTxovnilebisa da scenarisaTvis “alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi

wyaroebi”

weli

Ppikuri

datvirTva

(mgvt)

axali simZlavre

sistemis

saimedoba

(LOLP)

importi

(mgvt/gvt.

sT)

2007 1591 0.156

2008 1640 0.191

2009 1690 0.127 30/4

2010 1741 0.196 60/12

2011 1795 kombinirebuli ciklis

gazoturbina (CCGT) 144mgvt

RRP* 44 mgvt

0.005

2012 1850 ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis

samagaliTo proeqti (RRP) 44 mgvt

0.004

2013 1906 faravanhesi (120 mgvt)

ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis

samagaliTo proeqti 44 mgvt

0.004


samagaliTo proeqti 44 mgvt0.127


turbina 144 mgvt x 2 0.004



2017 2151 tviSihesi (100 mgvt)

RRP 55 mgvt 0.225

2018 2209 namaxvanhesi (250 mgvt)

RRP 55 mgvt 0.080



2020 2330 CCGT 144mgvtRRP 55 mgvt 0.000

2021 2392 0.000

sul 1,541 mgvt

* - RRP: ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis ganaxlebadi proeqti



190

hesebis Warbi saangariSi generacia daaxloebiT 274 milioni aSS$ potenciuri Semosavlis wyaroa (savaraudo fasia 35 US$/mgvt.sT., PREV). es Semosavali ar

moicavs 2009-2010 wlebSi saWiro importis sanacvlod miRebuli

eleqtroenergiis moculobas.

mixedviT, sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi, 2007-2021 wlebSi

arsebuli da axali hidro da Tbosadgurebis gaangariSebuli simZlavre da

mosalodneli wliuri generacia mocemulia grafikebze 6-3 da 6-4.

0

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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Inst

alle

d ca

paci

ty (M

W)

HppExist TppExist HppNew TPPnew Import RRP Peak Load

grafiki 6-3: alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi wyaroebi” da sabaziso

saprognozo moTxovnileba - dadgmuli simZlavre da wliuri pikuri

datvirTvebi



191

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Ener

gy (G

Wh)

HPPexisting TPPexisting HPPnew TPPnew Import RRP Consumption

grafiki 6-4: alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi wyaroebi” da sabaziso

saprognozo moTxovnileba - mosalodneli generacia da wliuri

moxmareba

alternativa 2 (importi)

sabaziso scenaris sapirispiro variantis saxiT konsultantma SeimuSava

alternativa 2 romelic Semdeg daSvebebs eyrdnoba:

importi daSvebulia da xelmisawvdomi mTeli periodis manZilze anu 2021

wlamde;

arsebul Tbosadgurebs prioriteti ar eniWebaT importTan SedarebiT,

Tanafardoba Tbosadgurebis tarifsa da importis tarifs Soris

sruladaa gaTvaliswinebuli;

gazis sawvavze momuSave Tbosadgurebi gaanalizebuli ar aris;

navaraudevia, rom arsebuli sadgurebisaTvis bunebrivi gazis miwodebaSi

araviTari SezRudvebi ar aris;

yvela hidrosadguri gegmaSi Setanilia “iZulebiTi” SerCevis gziT, 2013

wlidan, ufro maRali sainvesticio xarjebis mqone ganaxlebadi

teqnologiebis simulirebisaTvis.

es daSvebebi gakeTda hesebis generaciis sezonurobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorc

es naTlad Cans 4-4 grafikze. kerZod, imis gamo, rom hesebis (axali da Zveli)

mTliani wliuri generaciis 60%-ze meti mais-agvistos Tveebze modis, gazis

sawvavze momuSave axali blokebis muSaobis periodi wlis ganmavlobaSi



192

sakmaod xangrZlivi ver iqneba rom maTi mSenebloba gaamarTlos. swored am

mTavari mizezis gamo navaraudevia, rom mTeli dasagegmi periodis manZilze

saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiaze arsebuli moTxovnileba unda Seivsos

mezobeli qveynebidan (albaT TurqeTidan an somxeTidan) da daifaros

eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT. am gacvlis simuliteba moxda Semdegnairad:

sabaziso eleqtroenergiis importi zamTris TveebSi (seqtemberi – aprili) da

arsebuli da axali hesebis mier gamomuSavebuli sabaziso eleqtroenergiis

eqsporti - maisidan agvistomde, wlis ganmavlobaSi importisa da eqsportis

moculobebis dabalansebiT. gaanalizebul periodSi hesebis Warbi generaciis

Semcirebis gamo, importisa da eqsportis moculobebis sruli wliuri

dabalanseba SeuZlebeli xdeba 2019 wlis Semdeg. Sesabamisad, konsultantma

ivarauda, rom 2019 wlidan gaCndeba wminda daubalansebeli importi (299 gvt.sT - 2019 wels, 637 gvt.sT - 2020 wels da 950 gvt.sT -2021 wels).

arsebul TbosadgurebTan SedarebiT importisaTvis prioritetis miniWebis

gamo, gaangariSebis dros aRebulia importis maqsimaluri SesaZlo moculoba,

xolo arsebuli Tbosadgurebis gamoyenebis periodi daenergosistemis

saeqspluatacio xarjebi minimumzea dayvanili mTeli dasagegmi peirodisaTvis.

aseTi midgoma gamarTlebulia imiT, rom igi iTvaliswinebs sxvaobas

Tbogeneraciis Rirebulebasa da importis savaraudo fass Soris.

eleqtroenergiis impori saWiroa mxolod weliwadis “kritikul” periodSi,

zamTris TveebSi, rogorc es warmodgenilia cxrilSi 6.7., sadac dasagegmi

periodis tipiuri wlebis maCveneblebia mocemuli.

cxrili 6.7. tleqtroenergiis importi (gvt.sT)

2009 2012 2013 2015 2018 2021

ianvari 21.9 94.8 14.6 182.3 269.8 364.6 Tebervali 21.9 94.8 14.6 182.3 269.8 364.6 marti 21.9 94.8 14.6 173.1 257.4 347.4aprili 21.9 94.8 1.5 9.2 16.6 24.5maisi 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ivnisi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ivlisi 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0agvisto 21.9 93.1 1.5 7.4 13.7 20.6seqtemberi 21.9 94.8 10.0 14.7 40.0 106.9oqtomberi 21.9 94.8 14.6 182.3 253.1 326.2noemberi 21.9 94.8 14.6 147.9 226.7 311.1dekemberi 21.9 94.8 14.6 182.3 269.8 364.6Asul 196.9 853.0 100.4 1081.6 1617.0 2230.7



193

2009 wels saWiro importis

moculobaa 30 mgvt, xolo 2021

wels saWiro simZlavre Seadgens

500 mgvt-s. am analizis dros

navaraudevi iyo, rom

saqarTvelos eleqtrogadamcemi

qselis dagegmili ganviTareba da

mezobel qveynebTan dakavSireba

500 mgvt-s gacvlis saSualebas

uzrunvelyofs.

eleqtrogadamcemi qselis

ganviTarebis Sesaxeb ufro

dawvrilebiTi informacia

mocemulia me-7 TavSi.

alternativa 2-iisaTvis

generaciis axali simZlavreebis

wliuri zrdis gegma

warmodgenilia cxrilSi

6.8. grafikebze 6-5 da 6-6

naCvenebia 2007-2021 wlebisaTvis

gaangariSebuli simZlavre da arsebuli da axali hesebis mosalodneli wliuri

generacia aalternativa 2-isa da sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity (M

W)


alternativa 2-is da sabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebis analizis dros konsultantis mier

gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas

dasWirdeba 1208 mgvt generaciis axali

simZlavreebi;vinaidan Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba daSvebuli ar

iyo, 2021 wlamde aSendeba mxolod

hidrosadgurebi;

2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30 mgvt da

197 gvt.sT, xolo 2021 wlisaTvis 500 mgvt da

2231 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da

miuwodebeli energiis wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba iqneba 1,733 milioni aSS$; damas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis moculoba

daifareba eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT, hesebis

Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli SesaZlo

mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 163 milion aSS dolars.



194

grafiki 6-5: alternativa 2 da sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba

- dadgmuli simZlavre da wliuri pikuri datvirTvebi

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Years

Ener

gy (G

Wh)



– mosalodneli generacia da wliuri moxmareba



195


moTxovnilebisa da “alternativa 2-isaTvis

weli

Ppikuri

datvirTva

(mgvt)

axali simZlavre

sistemis

saimedoba

(LOLP)

importi

(mgvt/gvt.

sT)

2007 1591 0.156

2008 1640 0.191

2009 1690 0.127 30/197

2010 1741 0.196 60/394

2011 1795 0.234 90/5912012 1850 0.219 130/853

2013 1906 HPxudonhesi (638 mgvt)

faravanhesi (120 mgvt)

tviSihesi (100 mgvt)

0.203 20/100

2014 1965 namaxvanhesi (250 mgvt) 0.115 20/92

2015 2025 HPP JoneTi (100 mgvt) 0.234 250/1082

2016 2087 0.222 290/1253

2017 2151 0.231 330/1425

2018 2209 0.232 370/16172019 2268 0.266 410/18102020 2330 0.205 460/20332021 2392 0.254 500/2231

sul 1,208 mgvt

alternativa 3 (mxolod gazi)

mxolod Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobis Sedegebis da am midgomis ekonomikuri

dasabuTebis gamosakvlevad konsultantma Caatara alternativa 3-is analizi

Semdegi daSvebebis safuZvelze:






Soris;



196


wlidan;

axali hesebis mSenebloba gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris

alternativa 3-isa da

sabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi

generaciis axali

simZlavreebis

wliuri zrdis gegma

warmodgenilia

cxrilSi 6.9.

arsebuli da axali

hidro da

Tbisadgurebis

gaangariSebuli

simZlavre da

mosalodneli

wliuri generacia

2007-2021 ww.

alternativa 3-isa da

sabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi

mocemulia grafikebze

6-7 da 6-8.

alternativa 3-is da sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis

analizis dros konsultantis mier gamovlenili ZiriTadi

faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas


simZlavreebi;2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 864 mgvt

Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba, radganac hesebis

mSenebloba daSvebuli ar iyo;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30 mgvt da

4gvt.sT, xolo 2010 wlisaTvis 60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis

da miuwodebeli energiis wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba iqneba 2,156 milioni aSS dolari; da

mas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis moculoba

daifareba eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT,

hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli

SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 173 milion

aSS dolars



197


moTxovnilebisa da alternativa 3-isaTvis

weli

Ppikuri

datvirTva

(mgvt)

axali simZlavre

sistemis

saimedoba

(LOLP)

importi

(mgvt/gvt.

sT)

2007 1591 0.156

2008 1640 0.191

2009 1690 0.127 30/4

2010 1741 0.196 60/12


gazoturbina (CCGT) 144 mgvt 0.004

2012 1850 0.160


gazoturbina 144 mgvt0.004

2014 1965 0.005


gazoturbina 144 mgvt x 2 0.004

2016 2087 0.005



2018 2209 0.004

2019 2268 0.005

2020 2330 0.255



Total 864 mgvt



198

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Years

Inst

alle

d ca

paci

ty (M

W)

HppExist TppExist TPPnew Import Peak Load



0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Years

Ener

gy (G

Wh)

HPPexisting TPPexisting TPPnew Import Consumption





199

mTliani dasagegmi periodis manZilze, anu 2007 wlidan 2021 wlamde

periodSi, sabaziso saprognozo datvirTvis pirobebSi, aalternativa 2 da

alternativa 3-is SemTxvevaSi, diskontirebuli investicia da saoperacio

xarjebi Sesabamisad Seadgens 2,156 milion aSS dolars da 1,733 milion aSS

dolars. aalternativa 2 da aalternativa 3-is SemTxvevaSi sxvaoba wminda

mimdinare Rirebulebas Soris aris daaxloebiT 423 milioni aSS dolaris

doneze, rac alternativa 2–Si mocemuli gegmis upiratesobaze mouTiTebs,

romelic mxolod hesebis mSeneblobas da eleqtroenergiis imports

iTvaliswinebs, alternativa 3-Tan SedarebiT, romlis drosac hesebis

mSenebloba da eleqtroenergiis importi ar xorcieldeba.

garda amisa, konsultantma gamoiangariSa “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis

importis fasi, romlis SemTxvevaSic alternativa-2-s igive wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba eqneba rac alternativa 3-s, Tu eleqtroenergiis gacvlis

praqtikas gamovricxavT da vivaraudebT, rom orive alternativis SemTxvevaSi

adgili aqvs sufTa imports, xolo arsebuli da axali hesebis Warbi generacia

ikargeba. “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis importis fasia 82 aSS

dolari/mgvt.sT. es niSnavs, rom Tu importirebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi 82

aSS dolari/mgvt.sT-ze ufro maRalia, mxolod gazis sawvavze momuSave

blokebis mSenebloba ekonomikurad ufro gamarTlebulia sxva alternatiul

variantTan SedarebiT, romelic yvela gaanalizebuli hesis mSeneblobas da

eleqtroenergiis imports gulisxmobs. miuxedavad amisa, didi moculobiT

eleqtroenergiis importis alternativasac Tavisi ara-ekonomikuri

naklovanebebi aqvs, rac gaanalizebuli iyo mraval-kriteriumiani Sefasebis

dros.

alternativa 3-isa da ssabaziso scenarisaTvis miRebuli Sedegebis Sedarebis

safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom mxolod gazis sawvavze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba kargi arCevani ar aris saqarTvelos energosistemis

momavali ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. sinamdvileSi, sabaziso scenaris mixedviT

faravanhesis, namaxvanis kaskadis da xudonhesis mSeneblobis SemTxvevaSi, 2021

wlamde periodSi diskontirebuli investiciebis, saeqspluatacio xarjebis da

ENS xarjebis danazogi Seadgens 47 mil aSS dolars, rasac Tan erTvis

eqsportidan 72 milioni aSS dolaris Semosavlebis miRebis potenciuri

SesaZlebloba. sabaziso scenaris sufTa ekonomikuri upiratesobebis

miuxedavad, alternativa 3-s aqvs garkveuli ekologiuri da socialuri

upiratesobebi, rac gaanalizebuli iyo mraval-kriteriumiani Sefasebis dros

da warmodgenilia me-8 TavSi.

msgavsi Sedareba gakeTda ssabaziso scenarsa da aalternativa 2-s Sorisac.

gaangariSebuli iyo “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis importis fasi,

romlis SemTxvevaSic alternativa-2-s igive wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba eqneba

rac “sabaziso scenars”, im varaudiT, rom orive alternativis SemTxvevaSi


ikargeba. am SemTxvevaSi “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis importis fasi

ufro dabalia vidre alternativa 2-isa da alternativa 3-is Sedarebis dros

miRebuli fasi da Seadgens 74 aSS dolars/mgvt.sT. es niSnavs, rom Tu



200

importirebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi 74 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT-ze ufro

maRalia, ekonomikurad upiratesoba eniWeba alternativas, romelic

gulisxmobs eleqtroenergiiT 100%-ian TviTmomaragebas da rogorc

Tbosadgurebis, aseve hesebis mSeneblobas, sxva alternativebTan SedarebiT,

romlebic mxolod hesebis mSeneblobas da eleqtroenergiis imports

iTvaliswineben.

sabaziso scenaris, alternativa 2-sa da alternativa 3-is ara-diskontirebuli

samSeneblo xarjebis Sedarebisas (grafikis 6-9 and 6-10) Cans, rom samSeneblo

xarjebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ZviradRirebuli varianti (alternativa 2)

amave dros yvelaze iafia sawvavis Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca am

alternativas yvelaze dabali wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba (NPV) aqvs.

Tavistavad cxadia, rom mraval-kriteriumiani Sefasebis dros gaanalizebuli

alternatiuli variantebis Sedareba moxda ara mxolod teqnikuri da

ekonomikuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aramed ekologiuri da socialuri

Sedegebis TvalsazrisiTac.

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grafiki 6-9: samSeneblo xarjebi sabaziso scenaris, alternativa 2-is da

alternativa 3-isaTvis



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grafiki 6-10: sawvavis xarjebi sabaziso scenaris, alternativa 2-is da

alternativa 3-isaTvis

alternativa 3-is garda gakeTda kidev erTi msgavsi variantis - alternativa

6-is analizi. am variantis mizani iyo naxSiris sawvavze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sefaseba gazis sawvavze

momuSave sadgurebTan SedarebiT. alternativa 6-is analizi Semdegi daSvebebis

safuZvelze Sesrulda:


drosac naxSiris sawvavze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis

aSeneba SeuZlebelia;

importirebuli

eleqtroenergiis

moculobis minimumamde

dayvanis mizniT prioriteti

eniWeba arsebul

Tbosadgurebs, miuxedavad

imisa, Tu ra Tanafardoba

arsebobs Tbosadgurebis

tarifsa da importis

tarifs Soris;

naxSiris sawvavze momuSave

pirveli Tbosadgurebi

eqspluataciaSi Sedis 2013

wlidan;

alternativa 6-is analizis dros konsultantis

mier gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:



generaciis axali simZlavreebi;2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 824 mgvt

Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba, radganac

hesebis mSenebloba daSvebuli ar iyo;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30

mgvt da 4gvt.sT, xolo 2010

wlisaTvis 60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis,

eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli

energiis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba

iqneba 1,990 milioni aSS dolari; damas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis

moculoba daifareba eleqtroenergiis

gacvlis gziT, hesebis Warbi

generaciis importidan miRebuli

SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 173

milion aSS dolars



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navaraudevia, rom bunebrivi gazis da importirebuli naxSiris (albaT

ukrainidan) miwodebaSi araviTari SezRudvebi ar aris; da

axali hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba gaanalizebuli ar aris.

arsebuli da axali hidro da Tbosadgurebis gaangariSebuli simZlavre da

mosalodneli wliuri generacia 2007-2021 ww. aalternativa 6-isa da sabaziso

saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi mocemulia grafikebze 6-11 da 6-12.

alternativa 6 da alternativa 3-is Sedegebis SedarebiT SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

rom Tu saqarTvelos energosistemis ganviTarebis gza mxolod Tbosadgurebis

mSeneblobaa, maSin naxSiris sawvavze momuSave eleqtrosadgurebis aSeneba ufro

mizanSewonilia, vidre gazis Tbosadgurebisa. bunebrivia, rom aseTi daskvnis

mTavari mizezia gazis amJamindeli fasi. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi

naxSiris sawvavze momuSave sadgurebis aSenebas uaryofiTi ekologiuri

Sedegebi moyveba sanapiro zonaSi, Savi zRvis axlos, gansakuTrebiT Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT sadguris adgilmdebareobis SerCevas, nacris gatanas, garemos

damabinZurebel gamonabolqvs. am ekologiuri da socialuri aspeqtebis analizi

gakeTda mraval-kriteriumiani Sefasebis safuZvelze, ramodenime raodenobrivad

gansazRvruli kritetiumze dayrdnobiT, rac me-8 TavSia Camoyalibebuli.



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alternativa 4 da alternativa 5

saqarTvelos energosistemis momavali ganviTarebis gegmebze xudonhesisa da namaxvanis

kaskadis mSeneblobis Sedegebis Sedarebis mizniT, konsultantma aalternativa 4 da

alternativa 5 gaaanaliza Semdeg daSvebebze dayrdnobiT:importi daSvebulia 2010 wlamde, e.i. mxolod im periodSi romlis drosac

generaciis axali obieqtebis aSeneba SeuZlebelia;



Tanafardoba arsebobs Tbosadgurebis tarifsa da importis tarifs Soris;


wlidan;



hidrosadgurebi eqspluataciaSe Sedis 2013wlidan,magram alternativa 4-Si

mxolod xudonhesia, xolo alternative 5-Si mxolod namaxvanis kaskadi.

orive alternativaSi faravanhesi Setanilia 2013 wlidan, sufTa

ekonomikurikriterimebis mixedviT.

arsebuli da axali hidro

da Tbosadgurebis

gaangariSebuli simZlavre

da mosalodneli wliuri

generacia 2007-2021 ww.

alternativa 4-is,

alternativa 5-is dasabaziso saprognozo

moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi

mocemulia grafikebze 6-13,

6-14, 6-15 da 6-16.

alternativa 5-is analizis dros konsultantis mier

gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas


simZlavreebi ; 2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 720 mgvt axali

Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba da 570 mgvt axali

hesebis mSenebloba;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30 mgvt da

4gvt.sT, xolo 2010 wlisaTvis 60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da

miuwodebeli energiis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba

iqneba 2,132 milioni aSS dolari; damas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis moculoba

daifareba eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT, hesebis

Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli SesaZlo

mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 244 milion aSS dolars.

alternativa 4-is analizis dros konsultantis mier gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas dasWirdeba 1478 mgvt

generaciis axali simZlavreebi;2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 720 mgvt Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba da 758 mgvt

hesebis mSenebloba;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 30 mgvt da 4gvt.sT, xolo 2010

wlisaTvis 60 mgvt da 12 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli energiis

wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 2,201 milioni aSS dolari; damas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis moculoba daifareba eleqtroenergiis

gacvlis gziT, hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli SesaZlo

mogeba (PREV) Seadgens 259 milion aSS dolars



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warmodgenili Sedegebis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom namaxvanis

kaskadis mSeneblobas garkveuli upiratesoba aqvs xudonhesTan SedarebiT. es

imiTaa gamowveuli, rom Tumca namaxvanis kaskadis sainvesticio xarjebi (1422

aSS dolari/kvt) ufro maRalia xudonhesis sainvesticio xarjebTan SedarebiT

(946 aSS dolari/kvt), namaxvanis mier warmoebuli 1 kvt.sT energiis

Rirebuleba (40 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT) saSualod ufro dabalia, vidre

xudonhesisa (45 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT). ufro metic, namaxvanis kaskadis

mSenebloba dagegmilia ufro didi periodis manZilze, rac agreTve dadebiTi

faqtoria dafinansebis TvalsazrisiT. garda amisa, namaxvanis kaskadis

generaciis Tviuri ganawileba agreTve ufro xelsayrelia saqarTvelos

energosistemisaTvis vidre xudonhesis generaciis Tviuri ganawileba.

sabaziso scenarisaTvis, agreTve scenarebisaTvis: “alternativa 1 ganaxlebadi

wyaroebi”, alternativa 4 da alternativa 5, mSeneblobisa da sawvavis ara-

diskontirebuli xarjebis Sedareba (grafikebi 6-17 da 6-18) gviCvenebs, rom

samSenemlo xarjebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ZviradRirebuli alternatiuli variantia

“alternativa 1 ganaxlebadi wyaroebi”, romelic amave dros yvelaze iafia sawvavis

xarjebis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad amisa, am variantis SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs mTliani

samSeneblo, saoperacio, da miuwodebeli generaciis xarjebis yvelaze maRali wminda

mimdinare Rirebuleba 2007-2021 wlebSi.

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grafiki 6-17: samSeneblo xarjebi sabaziso scenaris, alternativa 1 ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis, alternativa 4-isa da alternativa 5-is SemTxvevaSi



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grafiki 6-18: sawvavis xarjebi sabaziso scenaris, alternativa 1 ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis, alternativa 4-isa da alternativa 5-is SemTxvevaSi

zemoT aRwerili Sedegebis safuZvelze SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom 2021

wlamde mxolod namaxvanis kaskadis an mxolod xudonhesis mSenebloba, an

ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtebis Sesruleba 2021 wlis qveynis balansis 15%-

is doneze ar iqneba mizanSewonili saqarTvelos energosistemisaTvis da rom

sabaziso scenarSi miTiTebuli TanamimdevrobiT yvela gaanalizebuli hesis

mSenebloba garkveul sargeblobas moutans energosistemas. cxadia, rom

gaanalizebuli alternatiuli variantebis yovelmxrivi analizi, romelic ara

mxolod teqnikur da ekonomikur, aramed ekologiur da socialur aspeqtebsac

moicavs, mraval-kriteriumiani Sefasebis meSveobiT Sesrulda (ix. me-8 Tavi).

am alternatiuli variantebis Sedareba gviCvenebs, rom hidro-sensitiurobis

TvalsazrisiT, alternativa 4-isa da alternativa 5-is SemTxvevaSi axali

simZlavreebis mTliani moculoba mcirdeba 1,478 mgvt-mde da 1,290 mgvt-mde

(1,684 mgvt-sTan SedatebiT). Tumca amave dros mTliani mimdinare Rirebuleba

izrdeba 4.3%-iT da 1.1%–iT, 2.201 miliard aSS dolaramde da 2.132 miliard

aSS dolaramde. Tu vivaraudebT, rom momavalSi saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi

energiis wyaroebis ganviTarebas didi mxardaWera eqneba, axali simZlavreebis

moculoba Semcirdeba 1,541 mgvt-mde (1,684 mgvt-sTan SedatebiT), magram

mTliani mimdinare Rirebuleba gaizrdeba 5.4%-iT, 2.224 miliard aSS

dolaramde.

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ganviTareba iwvevs mTliani mimdinare

Rirebulebis zrdas 2.109-dan 2.224 miliard aSS dolaramde, rac aris 5.4%-



209

iani zrda, maSin, rodesac axali simZlavreebis mateba mcirdeba 1,684 mgvt-dan

1,541 mgvt-mde.

is alternatiuli varianti, romelic hesebis mSeneblobas ar iTvaliswinebs

(alternativa 3), moiTxovs damatebiT 144 mgvt. gazis sawvavze momuSave eqvsi

blokis mSeneblobas, ris Sedegadac mTliani mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba

daaxloebiT 2.156 miliardi aSS dolari. gazis agregatebis nacvlad mxolod

naxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobis SemTxvevaSi (alternativa 6),

mTliani mimdinare Rirebuleba mcirdeba 8%-iT da Seadgens 1.990 miliard aSS

dollars.

im alternatiul variantSi, romelic imports iTvaliswinebs (alternativa 2),

2021 wlamde periodSi sufTa importi gaizarda 500 mgvt-mde. am

alternativaSi, importisaTvis gakeTebuli sxva mniSvnelovani daSveba is iyo,

rom zafxulSi importi gaicvleba hesebis Warbi generaciis eqsportze. am

alternatiuli variantis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebulia yvela gaanalizebuli

hesis mSenebloba, rac damatebiT 1 209 mgvt axal simZlavres iZleva. amis

Sedegad sufTa mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 1.734 miliardi aSS dolari. Tu

vivaraudebT, rom saSualo Sesasyidi fasia 35 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT da saWiro

importis gacvla ar xdeba, sufTa mimdinare Rirebuleba Seadgens 1.900

miliard aSS dollars. nulovani zaralisaTvis saWiro Sesasyidi fasi

romelic alternativa 2-is SemTxvevaSi igive sufTa mimdinare Rirebulebas

gvaZlevs, rac alternative 3-is SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs, udris 78 aSS

dolari/mgvt.sT. es niSnavs, rom Tu importis fasi 78 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT-ze

ufro maRalia, gazis sawvavze momuSave Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba

ekonomikurad ufro momgebiani iqneba, vidre eleqtroenergiis importi.

gazis dabali da maRali fasebis analizisas konsultantma igive daSvebebi

gaakeTa, rac sabaziso scenaris SemTxvevaSi. analizis dros gamoyenebuli iyo

bunebrivi gazis Semdegi savaraudo fasebi25:

gazis dabali fasi : 147 aSS dolari/1000 m3

gazis maRali fasi: 611 aSS dolari/1000 m3

gazis fasis Semcireba ar gamoiwvevs hesebis mSeneblobis gadavadebas, magram

gazis fasebis zrda daaCqarebs hesebis Setanas saqarTvelos energosistemis

ganviTarebis gegmaSi. gazis dabali da maRali fasebis SemTxvevaSi (alternativa

7 da alternativa 8) mTliani wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba cvalebadobs 1.686

miliardi aSS dolaridan 3.965 miliard aSS dolaramde.

6.3. maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba

25gazis dabali da maRali fasebi aRebulia wyarodan:

Development of Power Generation in SEE Update of the Generation Investment Study, World Bank, 2006



210

maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis analizis ZiriTadi mizani iyo Segvefasebina,

Tu ra zemoqmedebas axdens sabaziso scenarisa da alternativa 2-is Sedegebze

2021 wlamde periodSi eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis sxvadasxva done.

sabaziso scenari – maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba (HDF)

am analizis dros gamoyenebul iqna igive daSvebebi rac sabaziso scenarisa da

maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi:






Soris;


wlidan;


aris;

SerCeuli hesebi eqspluataciaSi Sedian 2013 wlidan; da


ekonomikuri kriteriumebis mkacri gaTvaliswinebiT (yvela hesi SeirCa

“Tavisufali” SerCevis gziT).


formiT. navaraudevia rom importi ganxorcieldeba zamTris TveebSi

(seqtembridan aprilamde) xolo arsebuli da axali hesebis generaciis

importi moxdeba mais-agvistoSi da importisa da eqsportis moculobebi wlis

ganmavlobaSi dabalansdeba.

minimaluri danaxarjebiT generaciis sistemis ganviTarebis gegmis SemuSavebisas

miRebulma pirvelma Sedegebma aCvenes, rom arsebuli eleqtrosadgurebiT,

importis damatebis gareSe, maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba

SesaZlebelia mxolod 2007 wels. kerZod, sistemis saimedobis gaangariSebuli

done (LOLP) 2007 wels saWiroze dabalia 0.274%–iT da naTelia, rom

sistemis saimedobis saWiro donis dacviT mRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis

dakmayofileba gaanalizebuli periodis dasawyisSi.

2008 wlidan situacia icvleba. minimaluri danaxarjebiT generaciis sistemis

ganviTarebis gegmis SemuSavebisas miRebuli Sedegebi gviCveneben, rom sistemis

2008 wels mRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba SeuZlebeli xdeba

arsebuli eleqtrosadgurebiT, importis an generaciis axali obieqtebis

damatebis gareSe. hesebis mSeneblobis kandidati proeqtebis Sesaxeb arsebul

informaciaze dayrdnobiT (romelic wina TavebSia Sejamebuli) SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom gazis sawvavze momuSave axali blokebi eqspluataciaSi ver Seva 2011

wlamde, xolo axali hesebis gaSvebas SeiZleba velodoT mxolod 2013 wels.



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damatebiTi eleqtroenergiis importi saWiroa mxolod weliwadis “kritikul”

periodSi, zamTris TveebSi. 2008, 2009 da 2010 wlebSi saWiro importi aris

Sesabamisad 3 gvt.sT, 14 gvt.sT da 34 gvt.sT.

alternativa 2 HDF

am analizis dros gamoyenebul iqna igive daSvebebi rac alternativa 2-isa da

maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi:

importi daSvebulia da xelmisawvdomi mTeli periodis manZilze anu 2021

wlamde;

arsebul Tbosadgurebs prioriteti ar eniWebaT importTan SedarebiT,

Tanafardoba Tbosadgurebis tarifsa da importis tarifs Soris

sruladaa gaTvaliswinebuli;

gazis sawvavze momuSave Tbosadgurebi gaanalizebuli ar aris manam, sanam

importis maqsimaluri SesaZlebloba ar iqneba gamoyenebuli;




wlidan, ufro maRali sainvesticio xarjebis mqone alternatiuli

variantebis simulirebisaTvis.

erTaderTi damatebiTi SezRudva, romelic dawesda eleqtroenergiis importTan

mimarTebaSi isaa, rom is ar SeiZleba aRematebides 500 mgvt-s

(eleqtrogadamcemi qselis SezRudulobis gamo). amis gaTvaliswinebiT,

importis simulirebisas misi moculoba gazrdili iyo manam, sanam ar miaRwia

500 mgvt-s, ris Semdegac igi erTsa da imave doneze

SenarCunda. es sawyisi gaangariSebebi

gviCveneben, rom 2016 weli aris

kritikuli weli, rodesac importi

500 mgvt-s aRwevs. amis Semdeg

importi SenarCunebulia 500 mgvt-s

doneze da gaTvaliswinebulia gazis

sawvavze momuSave axali Tbosadgurebis

mSenebloba.

am alternatiuli variantis dros

saqarTvelos energosistemis

moTxovnileba ifareba mezobeli

qveynebidan (albaT TurqeTidan da

somxeTidan) miRebuli importiT, rac

xorcieldeba eleqtroeneriis gacvlis

gziT, agreTve gazis sawvavze momuSave

im axali Tbosadgurebis mier

gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiiT,

romlebic 2015 wlis Semdeg aSendeba.

alternativa 2-is da maRali saprognozo

moTxovnilebis analizis dros konsultantis

mier gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:



generaciis axali simZlavre;

2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba 576 mgvt

axali Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba da 1208 mgvt axali hesebis mSenebloba;2008 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 20 mgvt

da 123 gvt.sT, xolo 2021 wlisaTvis 500mgvt da 683 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis,

eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli energiis

wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 2,190 milioni aSS dolari; damas Semdeg, ras saWiro importis moculoba

daifareba eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT,

hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan

miRebuli SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens

64 milion aSS dolars



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eleqtroenergiis gacvlis simulireba

moxda eleqtroenergiis gacvlis formiT. navaraudevia rom importi

ganxorcieldeba zamTris TveebSi (seqtembridan aprilamde) xolo arsebuli da

axali hesebis generaciis importi moxdeba mais-agvistoSi da importisa da

eqsportis moculobebi wlis ganmavlobaSi dabalansdeba. gaanalizebul

periodSi hesebis Warbi generaciis Semcirebis gamo, importisa da eqsportis

sruli wliuri dabalanseba SeuZlebeli xdeba 2018 wlis Semdeg. amitom

konsultantma am periodisaTvis ivarauda importis garkveuli daubalansebeli

moculoba (240 gvt.sT – 2018 w., 190 gvt.sT – 2019w., 176 gvt.sT – 2020w.

da 217 gvt.sT – 2021 w.).

garda amisa, konsultantma gamoiangariSa “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis

importis fasi, romlis SemTxvevaSic alternativa-2-s igive wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba eqneba rac sabaziso scenarSi, Tu eleqtroenergiis gacvlis

praqtikas gamovricxavT da vivaraudebT, rom orive alternativis SemTxvevaSi


orive SemTxvevaSi ikargeba. nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis importis

fasia 93 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT. es niSnavs, rom Tu importirebuli

eleqtroenergiis fasi 93 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT-ze ufro maRalia, mxolod

gazis sawvavze momuSave blokebis mSenebloba ekonomikurad ufro

gamarTlebulia sxva alternatiul variantTan SedarebiT, romelic yvela

gaanalizebuli hesis mSeneblobas da eleqtroenergiis imports gulisxmobs.

miuxedavad amisa, didi moculobiT eleqtroenergiis importis alternativasac

Tavisi ara-ekonomikuri naklovanebebi aqvs, rac gaanalizebuli iyo mraval-

kriteriumiani Sefasebis dros.

Sedegebma agreTve aCvena, rom eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis ufro swrafi

zrda daaCqarebs xudonhesis proeqtis Setanas saqarTvelos energosistemis

ganviTarebis gegmaSi. eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis ufro swrafi zrdiT

gamowveuli Sedegi Zalian hgavs gazis maRali fasebiT gamowveul Sedegs da

saqarTvelos energosistemaSi hesebis amoqmedebas aCqarebs. maRali saprognozo

moTxovnilebisaTvis Sesrulebuli analizis Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi 6.10.



213

cxrili 6.10. maRali saprognozo moTxovnilebisaTvis gaanalizebuli

alternatiuli variantebis Sejameba da Sedareba

alternativebi

NPV (mil. aSS

dolari)

INVCOS (mil. aSS

dolari)

OPCOST(mil. aSS

dolari)

PREV(mil. aSS

dolari)

eleqtrosadgurebis

gaSveba2)

sabaziso

scenari,

SezRuduli

importi

2748 733 2015 212

CC: 2011, 2011,2014,2015, 2016,2018,2019,2020K : 2015 T/N/Z : 2013/2013/ P : 2013

alternativa

2,

importis

scenari

2190 589 1601 64

CC:2016,2017,2020,2021K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

1) CC- gazis sawvavze momuSave kombinirebuli ciklis 144 mgvt-iani bloki.

K – xudonhesi T/N/Z – tviSi hesi/ namaxvanhesi/JonetiP – faravanhesi

6.4. dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba

dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebis analizis ZiriTadi mizani iyo Segvefasebina,

Tu ra zemoqmedebas axdens sabaziso scenarisa da alternativa 2-is Sedegebze

2021 wlamde periodSi eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis sxvadasxva done.

sabaziso scenari – dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba (LDF)

am analizis dros gamoyenebul iqna igive daSvebebi rac sabaziso scenarisa da

dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi:






Soris;


wlidan;


aris;

SerCeuli hesebi eqspluataciaSi Sedis 2013 wlidan; da



214


ekonomikuri kriteriumebis mkacri gaTvaliswinebiT (yvela hesi SerCeul

iqna “Tavisufali” SerCevis gziT).

alternativa 2 - dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba (LDF)

am analizis dros gamoyenebul

iqna igive daSvebebi rac

alternativa 2-isa da dabali

saprognozo moTxovnilebis

SemTxvevaSi:

importi daSvebulia da

xelmisawvdomi mTeli

periodis manZilze anu 2021

wlamde;

arsebul Tbosadgurebs

prioriteti ar eniWebaT

importTan SedarebiT,

Tanafardoba Tbosadgurebis

tarifsa da importis

tarifs Soris sruladaa gaTvaliswinebuli;gazis sawvavze momuSave Tbosadgurebi gaanalizebuli ar aris;




wlidan, ufro maRali sainvesticio xarjebis mqone alternatiuli

variantebis simulirebisaTvis.

sabaziso scenaris da dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebis analizis dros

konsultantis mier gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:

2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas dasWirdeba 1046 mgvt generaciis

axali simZlavre; 576 mgvt axali Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba da 470 mgvt axali hesebis mSenebloba ;

optimaluri ganviTarebis gegmaSi xudonhesi Setanili ar aris;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 20 mgvt da 3 gvt.sT, xolo 2010 wlisaTvis 40 mgvt da 7 gvt.sT;2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da miuwodebeli energiis wminda

mimdinare Rirebuleba iqneba 1,959 milioni aSS dolari; dahesebis Warbi generaciis importidan miRebuli SesaZlo mogeba (PREV)Seadgens 199 milion aSS dolars.

alternativa 2-is da dabali saprognozo

moTxovnilebis analizis dros konsultantis mier

gamovlenili ZiriTadi faqtebia:2021 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos energosistemas


simZlavre;2021 wlamde saWiro iqneba mxolod axali

hesebis gaSveba;2009 wlisaTvis importi Seadgens 20 mgvt da

131 gvt.sT, xolo 2021 wlisaTvis 400 mgvt da

1753 gvt.sT;

2007-2021 wlebSi mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis

da miuwodebeli energiis wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba iqneba 1,696 milioni aSS dolari;hesebis Warbi generaciis importidan

miRebuli SesaZlo mogeba (PREV) Seadgens

213 milion aSS dolars.



215

am alternatiuli variantis mixedviT, mTeli dasagegmi periodis manZilze

saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiaze arsebuli moTxovnileba unda Seivsos

mezobeli qveynebidan (albaT TurqeTidan an somxeTidan) da daifaros

eleqtroenergiis gacvlis gziT. am gacvlis simuliteba moxda Semdegnairad:

sabaziso eleqtroenergiis importi moxdeba zamTris TveebSi (seqtemberi –

aprili) da arsebuli da axali hesebis mier gamomuSavebuli sabaziso

eleqtroenergiis eqsporti - maisidan agvistomde, wlis ganmavlobaSi

importisa da eqsportis moculobebis dabalansebiT. gaanalizebuli periodis

ganmavlobaSi hesebis Warbi generaciis Semcirebis gamo, importisa da

eqsportis moculobebis yovelwliuri sruli dabalanseba SeuZlebeli xdeba

mxolod 2021 wlis Semdeg. Sesabamisad, konsultantma ivarauda, rom 2021

wlidan gaCndeba wminda daubalansebeli importi (206 gvt.sT 2021 wels).

dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebis SemTxvevaSi eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnileba izrdeba saSualod 2.5%-iT da Sedegebma aCvena, rom

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis ufro neli zrda gadaavadebs didi

hidrosadgurebis (mag.: xudonhesis) proeqtebis Setanas saqarTvelos

energosistemis ganviTarebis gegmaSi. eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis kidev

ufro neli zrdis SemTxvevaSic gamarTlebuli iqneba mxolod gazis sawvavze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis mSenebloba. dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebisaTvis

Sesrulebuli analizis Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi 6.11.

cxrili 6.11. dabali saprognozo moTxovnilebisaTvis gaanalizebuli

alternatiuli variantebis Sejameba da Sedareba

alternativebi

NPV(mil. aSS

dolari)

INVCOS (mil. aSS

dolari)

OPCOST(mil. aSS

dolari)

PREV (mil. aSS

dolari)

eleqtrosadgurebis

gaSveba3)

sabaziso

scenari,

SezRuduli

importi

1959 306 1653 199

CC: 2011, 2015,2015,2019 K : T/N/Z : 2017/2017/ P : 2013

alternativa

2,

importis

scenari

1696 492 1204 213

CC: K : 2013 T/N/Z : 2014/2014/2015 P : 2013

2) CC- gazis sawvavze momuSave kombinirebuli ciklis 144 mgvt-iani bloki.

K – xudonhesi T/N/Z – tviSi hesi/ namaxvanhesi/JonetiP – faravanhesi

am analizis Sedegebi Sejamebulia cxrilebSi 6.12 da 6.13, agreTve agrafikebze

6-19 da 6-20.



216

NPV-s garda (mSeneblobis, eqspluataciis da ENS xarjebis mTliani wminda

mimdinare Rirebuleba), cxrili 6.12 Seicavs Semdeg monacemebs:

INVCOST – yvela samSeneblo xarjebis diskontirebuli Rirebuleba,

salikvidacio Rirebulebis CaTvliT;

OPCOST – yvela saoperacio xarjebis da miuwodebeli energies (ENS) diskontirebuli Rirebuleba

PREV - hesebis Warbi generaciis eqsportis Sedegad misaRebi

potenciuri Semosavali, mas Semdeg rac srulad daifareba

importirebul eleqtroenergiaSi gasacvleli moculoba da

rodesac eleqtroenergiis fasia 35 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT.

TOT – mTliani diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, eqsportidan misaRebi

potenciuri Semisavlis CaTvliT (NPV-PREV)

cxrili 6.12. gaanalizebuli alternativebis Sejameba

scenarebi

damatebiT

i

generaciis

simZlavre

(mgvt)

( 2021)

eleqtroene

rgiis

mTliani

eqsporti26

(gvt.sT)

NPV (milioni

$)27

investici

a

(milioni

$)

saoperaci

o

xarjebi

(milioni

$)

eqsporti

s

Semosaval

i

(milioni

$)

mTliani

NPV (milioni

$)28

SerCeuli

sadgurebis

gaSveba29

sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnileba (saSualo wliuri zrda – 3%)sabazis

o

scenari

SezRudul

i importi

1684 13441 2109 436 1673 245 1864

CC: 2011, 2015,2015, 2017, K : 2020 T/N/Z :2013/2014/ P : 2013

altern

ativa 1

gnaxlebadi

wyaroebi

1541 15799 2224 582 1642 274 1950

CC: 2011, 2015,2015, 2020, Renewables: 2011-2020 T/N : 2017/2018/ P : 2013

altern

ativa 2 importi 1208 7245 1734 501 1233 163 1571

CC: K : 2013 T/N/Z :2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

altern

ativa 3 mxolod

gazi 864 10809 2156 261 1895 173 1983

CC: 2011,2013,2015,2015,2017,2021 K : T/N/Z : / / P :

altern

ativa 4 mxolod

xudonhesi

1478 13951 2201 492 1709 259 1942

CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017,2020 K : 2013 T/N/Z : / /

26 Net power export- Excess of the generation from HPPs that can be exported in the whole period 2007-2021 27 NPV of costs28 NPV of costs minus NPV of power export value29 CC- Combined cycle gas fired unit 150 MW; K – HPP Khudoni; T/N/Z – HPP Tvishi/ HPP Namakhvani/HPP Zhoneti; P – HPP Paravani; COAL – Coal fired unit 300 MW



217

scenarebi

damatebiT

i

generaciis

simZlavre

(mgvt)

( 2021)

eleqtroene

rgiis

mTliani

eqsporti26

(gvt.sT)

NPV (milioni

$)27

investici

a

(milioni

$)

saoperaci

o

xarjebi

(milioni

$)

eqsporti

s

Semosaval

i

(milioni

$)

mTliani

NPV (milioni

$)28

SerCeuli

sadgurebis

gaSveba29

P : 2013

altern

ativa 5 mxolod

namaxvanis

kaskadi

1290 13064 2132 458 1674 244 1888

CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017,2020 K : T/N/Z :2013/2014/2015 P : 2013



218

scenarebi

damatebiT

i

generaciis

simZlavre

(mgvt)

( 2021)

eleqtroene

rgiis

mTliani

eqsporti26

(gvt.sT)

NPV (milioni

$)27

investici

a

(milioni

$)

saoperaci

o

xarjebi

(milioni

$)

eqsporti

s

Semosaval

i

(milioni

$)

mTliani

NPV (milioni

$)28

SerCeuli

sadgurebis

gaSveba29

altern

ativa 6

mxolod

naxSiri

824 7848 1990 376 1614 173 1817

COAL: 2013,2015,2017 K : T/N/Z : / / P :

altern

ativa 7

gazis

maRali

fasi

(611 aSS

dolari/10

00m3)

1784 18808 3965 653 3312 328 3637

CC: 2011,2015,2016,2019 K : 2013 T/N/Z :2013/2013/2020 P : 2013

altern

ativa 8

gazis

dabali

fasi

(147 aSS

dolari/10

00m3)

1684 13441 1686 436 1250 245 1441

CC: 2011,2015,2015,2017 K : 2020 T/N/Z :2013/2014/ P : 2013

maRali saprognozo moTxovnileba (saSualo wliuri zrda – 5%)

sabazis

o

scenari

HDFSezRudul

i importi

2260 11107 2748 733 2015 212 2536

CC: 2011,2011,2014,2015, 2016,2018,2019,2020 K : 2015 T/N/Z :2013/2013/ P : 2013

altern

ativa 2,HDFimporti

1784 2423 2190 589 1601 64 2126

CC: 2016,2017,2020,2021 K : 2013 T/N/Z :2013/2014/2015 P : 2013

dabali saprognozo moTxovnileba (saSualo wliuri zrda – 2.5%)

sabazis

o

scenari

LDFSezRudul

i importi

1046 9890 1959 306 1653 199 1760

CC: 2011,2015,2015,2019 K : T/N/Z :2017/2017/ P : 2013

altern

ativa 2,LDFimporti

1208 10682 1696 492 1204 213 1483

CC: K : 2013 T/N/Z :2014/2014/2015 P : 2013

Geo

rgia

:St

rate

gic

Envi

ronm

enta

l Ass

essm

ent

of P

ower

Sec

tor D

evel

opm

ent

Fin

al R

epor

t

219

cxrili 6.13.s

abaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebis mixedviT gaanalizebuli alternatiuli variantebis struqtura

CC

GT

144

mgv

txudonhesi

638 mgvt

namaxvanis

kaskadi

450 mgvt

faravanhe

si

120 mgvt

naxSiri-

274 mgvt

ganaxlebadi

wyaroebi

495 mgvt

NPV

(mil. aSS

dolari)

gazi

(mil. m3)

naxSi

ri

(mil. t)

CO

2gamonabolq

vi

(1000 t

)sabaziso

scenari

SezRuduli

importi

2109

97

460

2030

4

al

ternativa

1

gnaxlebadi

wyaroebi

2224

93

340

2267

1

al

ternativa

2 importi

1734

50

880

9630

al

ternativa

3 mxolod gazi

2156

12

358

026

675

al

ternativa

4 mxolod

xudonhesi

2201

10

199

021

396

al

ternativa

5 mxolod

namaxvanis kaskadi

2132

98

290

2049

0

al

ternativa

6

mxolod naxSiri

1990

67

7711

4525

9

SeniSvna: ricxvebi da simboloebi miuTiTeben agregatebis raodenobas generaciis TiToeuli scenarisaTvis

Geo

rgia

:St

rate

gic

Envi

ronm

enta

l Ass

essm

ent

of P

ower

Sec

tor D

evel

opm

ent

Fin

al R

epor

t

220

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 1

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 1

REN

EW

ABLE

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 2

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 3

ALT

ERN

ATIV

E 4

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 5

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E 6

Inve

stm

ent C

ost

Ope

ratin

g C

ost

grafiki 6-19. sanvesticio da saeqspluatacio xarjebi

grafiki 6-20.Fsawvavis moxmareba da C

O2–is gamoyofa

Gas

+C

oal

0

5000

1000

0

1500

0

2000

0

2500

0

3000

0

3500

0

4000

0

4500

0

5000

0

ALTE

RN

ATI

VE1

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E1

RE

NE

WAB

LEA

LTE

RN

ATI

VE

2AL

TER

NA

TIVE

3A

LTE

RN

ATIV

E4

ALT

ER

NA

TIV

E5

ALTE

RN

ATIV

E6

Gas

Con

sum

ptio

n

CO

2 Em

issi

on

Gas

Con

sum

ptio

nC

O2

Emis

sion



221

ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, minimaluri

danaxarjebiT saqarTvelos energosistemis ganviTarebis gegmis SemuSavebis

dros gakeTda Semdegi daskvnebi:

1. jamSi yvelaze dabali samSeneblo da saeqspluatacio xarjebi (dabali

wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba) aqvs im alternatiul variants, romelic

iTvaliswinebs eleqtroenergiis gacvlas saqarTvelosa da mezobel

qveynebs Soris (aalternativa 2) da xuTive gaanalizebuli

hidrosadguris mSeneblobas uaxloes momavalSi, ise rom maTi gaSveba

moxdes 2013-2015 wlebSi. amave dros es varianti yvelaze

ZviradRirebulia mxolod samSeneblo xarjebis TvalsazrisiT (yvelaze

maRali INVCOST). garda amisa, am alternatiul variants yvelaze

kargi maCvenebeli aqvs mTliani diskontirebuli Rirebulebis

TvalsazrisiT, eqsportis potenciuri Semosavlebis (TOT) CaTvliT.

2. minimaluri danaxarjebiT energosistemis ganviTarebis alternatiuli

varianti, romelic sistemis damoukidebeli muSaobis princips eyrdnoba

(eleqtroenergiis importze ar aris damokidebuli) iTvaliswinebs

mxolod naxSirze momuSave blokebis mSeneblobas (aalternativa 6). am

alternatiuli variantis dros xdeba naxSiris importi, savaraudod

ukrainidan, zRviT, sanapiros maxloblad mdebare Tbosadguramde.

3. minimaluri danaxarjebiT energosistemis ganviTarebis Semdegi

alternatiuli varianti, romelic sistemis damoukidebeli muSaobis

princips eyrdnoba, iTvaliswinebs mxolod gazis sawvavze momuSave

blokebis da didi hesebis mSeneblobas (ssabaziso scenari). am

alternatiuli variantis dros xdeba bunebrivi gazis importi, da es

varianti SeiZleba gamoadges saqarTvelos energosistamas. am

alternatiul variants igive (mesame) pozicia uWiravs mTliani

diskontirebuli Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, eqsportis potenciuri

Semosavlebis (TOT) CaTvliT.

4. “nulovani zaraliT” eleqtroenergiis importis gaangariSebuli fasi,

romlis SemTxvevaSic alternativa-2-s igive wminda mimdinare

Rirebuleba eqneba rac “sabaziso scenars”, Seadgens 74 aSS

dolari/mgvt.sT-s. es niSnavs, rom orive alternatiuli variantis

dros eleqtroenergiis gacvla ar xdeba da arsebuli da axali hesebis

Warbi generacia ikargeba. am SemTxvevaSi, Tu importirebuli

eleqtroenergiis fasi 74 aSS dolari/mgvt.sT-ze ufro maRalia,

ekonomikuri upiratesoba eniWeba alternativas, romelic gulisxmobs

eleqtroenergiiT 100%-ian TviTmomaragebas (importis gareSe) da

rogorc Tbosadgurebis, aseve hesebis mSeneblobas, sxva alternativebTan

SedarebiT, romlebic mxolod hesebis mSeneblobas da eleqtroenergiis

imports iTvaliswineben.

5. samSeneblo xarjebi yvelaze dabalia im alternatiul varianTSi,

romelic mxolod gazis sawvavze momuSave blokebis mSeneblobas

iTvaliswinebs (aalternativa 3). es alternatiuli varianti amave dros

yvelaze Zviria mTliani diskontirebuli Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT,



222

eqsportis potenciuri Semosavlebis (TOT) CaTvliT, da TiTqmis

yvelaze Zviria wminda mimdinare Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT.

6. is alternatiuli variantebi, romlebic mxolod namaxvanis kaskadis

(aalternativa 5) an mxolod xudonhesisa (aalternativa 4) da

faravanhesi gaSvebas iTvaliswinebs 2013 wels, gaanalizebuli iyo

mxolod Sedarebis mizniT. miRebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom namaxvanis kaskads upiratesoba aqvs xudonhesTan

SedarebiT mxolod imis gamo, rom ufro dabali $/kvt.sT investicia

sWirdeba.

7. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, yvelaze Zviri alternatiuli variantia

alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi wyaroebi, romelic 2021 wlamde 495

mgvt-s iTvaliswinebs. sabaziso scenarTan am alternativis Sedarebis

Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ganaxlebadi wyaroebis aTvisebis

Sedegad namaxvanis kaskadis mSenebloba mxolod gadaideba da xudonhesis

mSenebloba gamoiricxeba. ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis proeqtebis

yovelwliuri matebis Semcirebisa an gadadebis SemTxvevaSi viRebT igive

gadawyvetas, rasac sabaziso scenaris SemTxvevaSi.

8. faravanhesis mSenebloba Setanili unda iyos saqarTvelos

energosistemis ganviTarebis gegmaSi, radganac TiTqmis yvela

alternatiul variantSi mas pirvel rigSi asaSenebeli hesis statusi

ergo.

9. gazis fasebis Semcireba zemoqmedebas ar axdens optimaluri ganviTarebis

gegmaze, radganac eleqtrosadgurebis gaSveba erTnairad xdeba

alternativa 8-sa da sabaziso scenaris SemTxvevaSi.

10. minimaluri danaxarjebiT sistemis ganviTarebis alternatiul variantSi,

rodesac gazis fasebia gazrdilia (aalternativa 7), hesebi ufro adre

Sedian eqsploataciaSi da Sesabamisad eqportiT miRebuli potenciuri

Semosavali (PREV) yvelaze maRalia.


rodesac eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnileba ufro nela izrdeba (sabaziso scenari LDF), tviSi hesi daNnamaxvanis mSenebloba gadaido 2017 wlamde,

xudonhesi gamoiricxa, xolo gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobis

gegma TiTqmis igivea, rac sabaziso scenarSi.


rodesac eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnileba ufro swrafad izrdeba

(sabaziso scenari HDF), xudonhesis gegmaSi Setana xdeba ufro adre (2015 wels nacvlad 2020-isa, rogorc amas sabaziso scenari moiTxovs).

es mosalodnelicaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT rom wliuri pikuri

datvirTvis zrda ufro maRalia, ris gamoc xudonhesi ukeT “moergeba”

datvirTvis mruds. es alternatiuli varianti gulisxmobs gazis

sawvavze momuSave 8 damatebiT bloks 4-is nacvlad, rogorc es

sabaziso scenaris SemTxvevaSi gveqneboda.

13. sistemis ganviTarebis alternatiuli gegma, romelic saqarTvelos

energosistemasa da mezobel eleqtrosistemebs Soris Zalian didi

moculobebiT eleqtroenergiis gacvlas iTvaliswinebs,

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis SedarebiT swrafi zrdis SemTxvevaSi

(aalternativa 2 HF) agreTve moiTxovs gazis sawvavze momuSave blokebis

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, yvelaze Zviri alternatiuli variantiael e v

wyaroebi, alternativa 1 – ganaxlebadi romelic 2021 wlamde 495

mgvt-s iTvaliswinebs. sabaziso scenarTan am alternativis Sedarebis

Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ganaxlebadi wyaroebis aTvisebis

Sedegad namaxvanis kaskadis mSenebloba mxolod gadaideba da xudonhesis

mSenebloba gamoiricxeba. ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis proeqtebis

yovelwliuri matebis Semcirebisa an gadadebis SemTxvevaSi viRebT igive

gadawyvetas, rasac sabaziso scenaris SemTxvevaSi.

xudonhesi gamoiricxa,



223

mSeneblobas, radganac gadamcemi qselis gamtarunarianoba SezRudulia

da eleqtroenergiis import/eqsporti 500 mgvt-iTaa limitirebuli.

14. yvela gaanalizebuli alternativis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

rom didi hidrosadgurebis mSeneblobis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia

mxolod saqarTvelos energosistemasa da mezobel eleqtrosistemebs

Soris didi moculobebis eleqtroenergiis gacvlis SemTxvevaSi. amave

dros, eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis SedarebiT swrafi zrdis

(sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebasTan SedarebiT) SemTxvevaSi an gazis

fasis Semdgomi zrdis SemTxvevaSi, hesebis proeqtebis ufro adreul

ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovan sargebels moutans saqarTvelos

energosistemas.

zemoT moyvanili yvela Sedegi gviCvenebs, rom hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba

SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos enerosistemis Semdgomi ganviTarebis saukeTeso

gza, romelic minimaluri danaxarjebiT adgilobrivi moTxovnilebis saimedo

dakmayofilebas uzrunvelyofs. Tu mxolod wminda ekonomikur kriteriumebs

gaviTvaliswinebT, eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebisa da gazis fazebis sabaziso

prognozis safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xudonhesis mSenebloba 2015 wlis

Semdgom periodze unda gadaidos. eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebisa da gazis

fazebis ufro swrafi zrda Zalian mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdens 2015

wlamde periodSi xudonhesis mSeneblobis mizanSewonilobaze. gamnaxlebadi

wyaroebis aTviseba sistemis ganviTarebis yvelaze ekonomiuri arCevani ar

iqneba, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, is Tavidan agvacilebs an Seamcirebs arsebuli

ekologiuri da socialuri problemebisa da standartebis gauaresebis

safrTxes.

amis garda, uaxloes momavalSi, mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi unda iyos

miRebuli eleqtroenergiis an bunebrivi gazis importis SesaZleblobis

Sesaxeb. ueWvelia, rom regionSi qveynis energosistemis warmatebuli

integracia, misi ekonomikis swrafi ganviTarebis, energosistemis saimedobis da

stabilurobis sawindaria.

ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT 7

ZiriTadi alternatiuli variantis Sefaseba moxda mraval-kriteriumiani

ranJirebis safuZvelze, romlis drosac mxedbvelobaSi viRebT ara mxolod

alternatiuli variantebis raodenobriv parametrebs, aramed mniSvnelovan

xarisxobriv maxasiaTeblebsac. aseTi analizis Sedegebi warmodgenilia me-8

TavSi.

yvela gaanalizebuli alternativis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

rom didi hidrosadgurebis mSeneblobis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia

mxolod saqarTvelos energosistemasa da mezobel eleqtrosistemebs

Soris didi moculobebis eleqtroenergiis gacvlis SemTxvevaSi. amave

dros, eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis SedarebiT swrafi zrdis

(sabaziso saprognozo moTxovnilebasTan SedarebiT) SemTxvevaSi an gazis

fasis Semdgomi zrdis SemTxvevaSi, hesebis proeqtebis ufro adreul

ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovan sargebels moutans saqarTvelos

energosistemas.

zemoT moyvanili yvela Sedegi gviCvenebs, rom hidrosadgurebis mSenebloba

SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos enerosistemis Semdgomi ganviTarebis saukeTeso

gza, romelic minimaluri danaxarjebiT adgilobrivi moTxovnilebis saimedo

dakmayofilebas uzrunvelyofs. Tu mxolod wminda ekonomikur kriteriumebs

gaviTvaliswinebT, eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebisa da gazis fazebis sabaziso

prognozis safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xudonhesis mSenebloba 2015 wlis

Semdgom periodze unda gadaidos. eleqtroenergiis moTxovnilebisa da gazis

fazebis ufro swrafi zrda Zalian mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdens 2015

wlamde periodSi xudonhesis mSeneblobis mizanSewonilobaze. gamnaxlebadi

wyaroebis aTviseba sistemis ganviTarebis yvelaze ekonomiuri arCevani ar

iqneba, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, is Tavidan agvacilebs an Seamcirebs arsebuli

ekologiuri da socialuri problemebisa da standartebis gauaresebis

safrTxes.



224

7. gadamcemi qselis ganviTarebis gegmebi

saqarTvelos maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi qselis axlandeli mdgomareoba

da ganviTarebis gegmebis kritikuli mimoxilva gakeTda generaciis sistemis

ganviTarebis gegmebis analizze dayrdnobiT, kavkasiis qveynebis “regionaluri

eleqtrogadamcemi qselis gafarToebis gegmis (RTEP)” safuZvelze.30 es

axlaxans Sesrulebuli kvlevaa, romelic miznad isaxavs sistemebs Soris

damakavSirebeli maRali Zabvis qselis koncefciis SemuSavebas mezobel

energosistemebs Soris eleqtroenergiis moqnili, urTierTxelsayreli

gacvlisaTvis, romelic eleqtromomaragebis saimedobas gaaumjobesebda. kvleva

ZiriTadad koncentrirebuli iyo saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi teqnikurad da

ekonomikurad ganxorcielebad proeqtebze.

saqarTvelos strategiuli adgilmdebareoba saSualebas aZlevs qveyanas

monawileoba miiRos regionaluri energoseqtoris infrastruqturis

ganviTarebis bevr proeqtSi. saqarTvelos energosistemis dakavSireba mezobel

eleqtrosistemebTan sargebels moutans yvela monawile mxares da Zlier

erTian energosistemas Seqmnis.

qveynis Sida eleqtrogadamcemi sistema 500 kv da 220 kv gadamcemi xazebisagan

Sedgeba, romlebsac wina periodSi mniSvnelovani reabilitacia CautardaT,

normalur samuSao mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad.

30 “Note: If this report is read in black and white, please note that planned 400kV lines go south from Ksani, south and east from Hrazdan, and southwest from Akatziche. Other dotted lines are planned 500kV.”



225

amave dros, yovelmxrivi analizi Sesrulda saqarTvelos maRali Zabvis

eleqtrogadamcemi qselis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT, mezobel qveynebTan

eleqtroenergiis gacvlis SesaZleblobebi gazrdis TvalsazrisiT.

grafikze 7-1. naCvenebia saqarTvelos energosistemis mezobel

eleqtrosistemebTan kavSiris da qveynis regionebs Soris kavSirebis sqemebi.

am sqemaze Cans, rom saqarTvelos energosistemas ruseTis energosistemasTan

akavSirebs “kavkasionis” 500 kv eleqtrogadamcemi xazi da “salxinos” 220 kv

eleqtrogadamcemi xazi, TurqeTTan – “aWaris” 220 kv eleqtrogadamcemi xazi,

somxeTTan – “alaverdis” 220 kv eleqtrogadamcemi xazi, xolo azerbaijanTan

– “gardabnis” 330 kv. eleqtrogadamcemi xazi.

grafiki 7-1. saqarTvelos energosistemis kavSirebi mezobel

eleqtrosistemebTan da qveynis regionebs Soris

saqarTvelos maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi qselis ganviTareba

gaTvaliswinebulia or etapad:

pirveli etapi: 500/400 kv. kavSiri saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris, minimum

350 mgvt simZlavre (2010 wlamde); da

meore etapi: saqarTvelosa da ruseTis qselebis 500 kv. kavSiri TurqeTis

qselTan “borCxas” 400 kv. qvesadgurTan, simZlavre - 500

mgvt. da saqarTvelos magistraluri eleqtrogadamcemi xazis

“enguri – gardabanis” meore 500 kv. jaWvi (2015 wlamde).

pirveli etapze, axali didi hesebis mSeneblobamde, eleqtrogadamcemi qselis

gaZliereba saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris eleqtroenergiis gacvlis

saSualebas iZleva, rac sakmarisi iqneba Tu generaciis ganviTareba sabaziso

scenaris mixedviT ganxorcielda, romelic zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis imports

da zafxulSi eqsports iTvaliswinebs.



226

saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris erTjaWviani 400 kv. gadamcemi xazis

muSaobisa da usafrTxoebis #1 kriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelosa da

somxeTs Soris eleqtroenergiis gadacemis simZlavre iqneba 270 mgvt.

SemzRudavi faqtorebia 220 kv. xazebi gardabansa (saqarTvelo) – vanaZors

(somxeTi) Soris. gamtarunarianobis gazrdis saSualebaa 400 kv-iani gadamcemi

xazis mSenebloba raJdansa (somxeTi) da qsans (saqarTvelo) Soris. am

SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelodan da somxeTSi eleqtroenergiis gadacemis

gamtarunarianoba gaizrdeba 600 mgvt-mde, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

daaxloebiT 400 mgvt gadaicema 400 kv qseliT, da 200 mgvt – 220 kv.

qseliT. 400 kv. gadamcemi xazis gamtarunarianobis ukeT gamoyenebisaTvis

rekomendirebulia fazes gadamyvani transformatorebis damontaJeba qsnis

qvesadgurSi. am transformatorebze fazebs Soris kuTxis SecvliT,

gamtarunarianoba SeiZleba gaizardos 850 mgvt.-mde. am SemTxvevaSi simZlavre

SezRudulia fazis Semcvleli transfomatorebis simZlavriT limiti (2x600 megavolt amperi), 250 mgvt-is gadacema SeiZleba 220 kv. qseliT da 600 mgvt.-

s gadacema 400 kv. qseliT.

amis garda, im periodSi vidre axali didi hesebi aSendeba, saWiroa 220/110 kv.

transformatorebis simZlavris gazrda rogorc somxeTis, aseve saqarTvelos

maRali Zabvis qselebSi. qvesadgur “engurze” erTi 500/220 kv.

transformatoris dazianebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios Zabvis vardna 220 kv.-iani

qselis ramodenime salteze, magram igive maxasiaTeblebis mqone kidev erTi

transformatoris damontJeba am problemas gadaWris.

meore etapze SemoTavazebulia wredis

Sekvra axalcixis 500 kv. qvesadgurTan

(axali 500 kv. gadamcemi xazebi enguri-

axalcixe- marneuli- gardabani

daKxudoni-Aaxalcixe). gegmis mixedviT

es samuSaoebi 2015 wels unda

dasruldes, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis

kavkasiaSi qveynebs Soris simZlavrisa da

energiis yidva-gayidvis SesaZleblobebs:

TurqeTis bazarze didi

moculobis eleqtroenergiis

eqsportisaTvis maRali

gamtarianobis mqone koridori

iqmneba (momavali UCTE sinqronizaciis zona), maRali

Zabvis mudmivi denis kavSiris meSveobiT “axalcixe (saqarTvelo) –

borCxa (TurqeTi)”.

Cndeba ruseTis energosistemasTan, xolo ufro gviandel stadiaze

Azerbaijanis sistemasTan, eleqtroenergiis gacvlis SesaZlebloba).

azerbaijanidan saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiis eqsportis SesaZlebloba

SezRudulia gardabnis qvesadgurSi damontaJebuli 330/220 kv.

am kvlevis miznebisaTvis SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelosa da mezobeli

energosistemebis damakavSirebeli maRali

Zabvis qselis gaZliereba, romelic

“regionaluri eleqtrogadamcemi qselis

gafarToebis gegmaSia (RTEP)” SemoTavazebuli 2015 wlamde periodisaTvis,

Seesabameba wina TavebSi aRweril generaciis

ganviTarebis gegmebs da sakmarisi iqneba

aRniSnul periodSi saqarTvelos

energosistemis saimedo muSaobisaTvis.

gadamcemi qselis Semdgomi ganviTarebis

analizi unda gakeTdes 2015 wlis semdgomi

periodisaTvis, momavalSi gadamcemi qselis

gaZlierebis saWiroebis Sesafaseblad.



227

transformatoris simZlavris gamo. saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans Soris 500

kv. gadamcemi xazis “gardabani (saqarTvelo) – azerbaijanis Tbosadguri”

amuSaveba fazrdis eleqtroenergiis gadacemis SesaZleblobebs.

analozma aCvena, rom arsebobs SesaZlebloba, saqarTvelodan iranSi 1300 mgvt.-

s eqsportisaTvis da damatebiT TurqeTSi 600 mgvt.-s eqsportisaTvis

usafrTxoebis #1 kriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT. am SemTxvevaSi SemzRudav

faqtors warmoadgens somxeTsa da irans Soris eleqtrogadamcemi qselis

gamtarunarianoba.

imisaTvis, rom somxeTidan ruseTSi saqarTvelos gavliT didi moculobebis

eleqtroenergiis eqsporti SesaZlebeli iyos, rekomendirebulia saqarTvelosa

da somxeTs Soris arsebuli kavSiris gaZliereba, risTvisac qsnis qvesadgurSi

500/400 kv. meore transformatori (fazis gadamrTveli) unda damontaJdes.

garda amisa, saWiroa saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris kavSiris gaZliereba 500

kv.-iani xaziT “enguri – centralnaia” (meore xazi) an 500 kv.-iani xaziT

“enguri – soWi (ruseTi) – centralnaia”. igive daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes

ruseTidan TurqeTsa da saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiis eqsportTan

dakavSirebiT.

es proeqtebi, romlebic saqarTvelos, somxeTsa da irans Soris maRali

simZlavris 500/400 kv. kavSirs gulisxmoben, 2012 wlisaTvis unda

dasruldes, rac gaTvaliswinebulia axlaxans dadebuli sammxrivi

xelSekrulebiT. aRniSnul xelSekrulebaSi gansazRvrulia eleqtroenergiis

gacvlis miznobrivi parametrebi, romlebic ukve miRebulia mxedvelobaSi

gadamcemi mowyobilobis sainJinro proeqtis Sesadgenad da ekonomikuri

sargebelis Sesafaseblad.

am proeqtis sainvesticio xarjebi Semdeg SesaZleblobebs iZleva:

1. urTierTdakavSirebuli muSaoba saqarTvelos (500 kv. qsnis qvesadguri) da

somxeTs (400 kv. razdanis qvesadguri) Soris, minimaluri simZlavre 350

mgvt.; da

2. Sefasebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos qselis magistraluri 500 kv.-iani xazis

gaZlierebis xarjebi Seadgens daaxloebiT 21.3 milion aSS dolars (16 milion

evros) saqarTvelos nawilSi, xolo mTliani investiciebis da

eqspluatacia/teqmomsaxurebis xarjebis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba,

eqspluataciis 30 wlian periodze gaTvliT, iqneba daaxloebiT 22.6 milioni

aSS dolari (17 milioni evro).

8. alternatiuli scenarebis integrirebuli

kvleva



228

am kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania saqarTvelos energoseqtoris strategiuli

integrirebuli kvlevis Catareba, teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da garemosdacviTi

zegavlenebis CaTvliT. am droisaTvis, saqarTvelos mTavroba gansakuTrebiT

dainteresebulia strategiuli integrirebuli kvlevis CatarebiT, raTa naTeli

moefinos wamoyenebuli xudonis mSeneblobis gegmis “wvlils” generaciis

grZelvadiani gafarToebis gegmaSi da Semdeg saxelmwifos resursebis

gamoyenebiT Catardes sruli winaswari kvleva da garemosdacviTi da

socialuri sakiTxebis Seswavla. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom yovel proeqts

aqvs misi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi atributebi da sxvadasxva atributebis

Sefaseba/daxasiaTeba xSirad subieqturia, Znelia zusti raodenobrivi analizis

Catareba gamarjvebulis calsaxad gamosavlenad. am faqtis gamo

integrirebulma kvlevam unda moicvas momavali ganviTarebis alternativebis

yvela aspeqti, maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebiT da saSualeba misces

politikis gamtareblebs anda gadawyvetilebis mimRebebs SearCion maTTvis

yvelaze misaRebi varianti.

midgomaSi warmodgenili analizi, romliTac Catarebulia integrirebuli

kvleva da romelic moicavs ara maro raodenobriv, aramed xarisxobriv

parametrebs, dafuZnebulia mravalkriteriumian optimizacias da

alternativebis ranJirebas. am kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia mravalkriteriumiani

ranJirebis erTerTi meTodologia - ICOR (iteraciuli kompromisuli

ranJireba). ICOR meTodologiis detaluri aRwera mocemulia danarTSi).

8.1. ganviTarebis alternativebis SerCeva mravalkriteriumiani

ranJirebisaTTvis

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebisaTvis alternativebis SerCeva tardeboda im

mizniT, rom moecva yvela mniSvnelovani varianti, romlebic SeiZleboda

gamomdgariyo saqarTvelos energosistemis momavali ganviTarebisTvis, keZod:

100%-iani TviT-dakmayofilebadi energo sistemis Camoyalibeba,

eleqtroenergiis importis gareSe;

ganviTarebis varianti, romelic dafuZnebulia eleqtroenergiis didi

moculobiT importze da eqsportisa da gare vaWrobis didi

potencialis arsebobaze;

mxolod Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobaze damyarebuli ganviTareba, romlebic

moixmarnen impotirebul pirvelad sawvavs (gazi an qvanaxSiri);

sargebeli, romelic miiReba mxolod xudonihesis, an mxolod namaxvanis

kaskadis, an orives erTad aSenebisas; da

ganaxlebadi wyaroebis (mcire hesebi da qari) swrafi ganviTareba.

zemoTmoxseniebuli alternativebis SedarebisaTvis mizanSewonil models

warmoadgens alternativebis Sedareba eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

erTidaigive prognozis SemTxvevaSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom yvela alternativaSi

sabaziso moTxovnaa eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis saimedo dakmayofileba da



229

es moTxovnileba yvela alternativisaTvis erTnairia. am garemoebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, Catarda mravalkriteriumiani ranJireba arCeul 7

alternativaze, romelTa struqtura warmodgenilia cxrilSi 8.1, xolo

kandidati proeqtebis adgilmdebareoba mocemulia naxazze 8.1.

cxrili 8.1. arCeuli alternativebi mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebisaTvis

komb.cikl.gaz.

turbina

144 mgvt

xudonhesi

638 mgvt

namaxvanis

kaskadi

450 mgvt

faravani-

hesi

120 mgvt

naxSiri-274 mgvt

ganaxlebadi

495 mgvtsabazo scenari

SezRuduli

importi

alternativa 1

ganaxlebadi

alternativa 2

importi

alternativa 3

mxolod gazi

alternativa 4

mxolod xudoni

alternativa 5

mxolod

namaxvanis kaskadi

alternativa 6

mxolod naxSiri



230

naxazi 8-2. kandidati proeqtebi



231

8.2. mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis kriteriumebis ganmarteba

C1: yvela samSeneblo da saoperacio xarjebis wminda dRevandeli Rirebuleba

(NPV)

SesaZlo ganviTarebis alternativebis mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis erTerT

ZiriTad kriteriums warmoadgens yvela im samSeneblo da saoperacio xarjebis

diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, romlebic saWiroa momavalSi eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad da saimedo eleqtromomaragebisaTvis. es

aris raodenobrivi kriteriumi da alternativebi, romlebsac ufro patara

NPV gaaCniaT aqvT upiratesoba im alternativebTan SedarebiT romlisTvisac

es kriteriumi ufro maRalia. am kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi mocemulia

cxrilSi 8.2.

cxrili 8.2 NPV kriteriumis mniSvneloba sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis

NPV alternativa

mil.sabazo 2109

A1r 2224A2 1734A3 2156A4 2201A5 2132A6 1990

C2: saoperacio xarjebis diskontirebuli sidide (OPC)

es warmoadgens sxva raodenobriv kriteriums, romelic iZleva sawvavis,

saeqspluatacio Rirebulebis da miuwodebeli energiis Rirebulebis

diskontirebul mniSvnelobas. saeqspluatacio xarjebi moicavs yvela arsebuli

da axali hidro da Tbosadgurebis saoperacio xarjebs sawvavis fasis da

importirebuli eleqtroenergiis safasuris garda. alternativebs OPC-s SedarebiT dabali mniSvnelobiT upiratesoba gaaCniaT im alternativebTan

SedarebiT, romelTaTvisac es kriteriumi ufro maRalia.

OPC-s mniSvneloba, miuxedavad imisa, rom is Sedis NPV-s sidideSi, mainc

gamoiyeneba rogorc sxva raodenobrivi kriteriumi; imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

es kriteriumi ZiriTadad asaxavs sawvavis Rirebulebas, romelic

pirdapirproporciulia sawvavis moxmarebisa, am kriteriums unda xazi gaesvas,

rogorc alternatiuli variantebis specifikur maxasiaTebels. am kriteriumis

mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.3



232

cxrili 8.3. OPC kriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis

OPC alternativa

mil.

sabazo 1673A1r 1642A2 1233A3 1895A4 1709A5 1674A6 1614

C3: potenciuri Semosavali (PREV)

es raodenobrivi kriteriumi warmoadgens potenciur Semosavals, romelic

SeiZleba realizirebuli iyos hidrosadgurebze warmoebuli Warbi

eleqtroenergiis eqsportiT 2007-2021 wlebSi. igi daTvlilia rogorc

diskontirebuli sidide Semdegi mniSvnelobisa: mTeli potenciurad

eqsportirebuli eleqtroenergiis sidides gamoklebuli im eqsportis odenoba,

romelic saWiroa eleqtroenergiiT vaWrobisaTvis, anu eleqtroenergiis

saWiro importis xarjebis dafarvisaTvis, Semdegi nagulisxmevi fasiT 35

US$/mgvtsT. alternativebi, romlebic moicaven hidrosadgurebis mSeneblobas,

gaaCniT ufro maRali eqsportis potenciali zafxulis periodSi da

damatebiTi Semosavlis realizebis ufro maRali potenciali. am kriteriumis

maqsimizacia mravalkriteriumian ranJirebaSi asaxavs im alternativebis

upiratesobas, romlebic xasiaTdebian hidrosadgurebis maRali wiliT. am

kriteriumis mniSvnelobebis mocemulia cxrilSi 8.4

cxrili 8.4 PREV kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis

PREV

alternativa mil.

sabazo 245A1r 274A2 163A3 173A4 259A5 243A6 173

C4: CO2 -s gamoyofa (CO2)

raodenobriv kriteriums warmoadgens gamoyifili CO2-s mTliani raodenoba

TiToeuli alternativisaTvis da es kriteriumi gamoyenebul iqna rogorc

garemos yvela damabinZurebeli gamosxivebis amsaxveli kriteriumi; amis



233

gakeTeba SesaZlebelia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom (TiTqmis) yvela

alternatiuli variantis SemTxvevaSi sawvavad gamoiyeneba mxolod bunebrivi

airi da gamoyofili CO2 –s sidideebis erTmaneTis mimarT Sefardeba faqtiurad asaxavs yvela damabinZurebeli gamosxivebis erTmaneTis mimarT Sefardebebs.

erTaderT gansxvavebas warmoadgens alternativa, romelic moicavs qvanaxSirze

momuSave sadgurebs, romlebic damabinZurebeli gamonadenis TvalsazrisiT

mniSvnelivnad uaresni arian gazze momuSave sadgurebTan SedarebiT; es

uaresoba SeiZleba danaxul iqnas CO2-s emisiis gamoTvlili doniT, romelic

am alternativisaTvis daaxloebiT orjer maRalia sxva alternativebTan

SedarebiT,

mravalkriteriumian ranJirebaSi am kriteriumis minimizacia asaxavs im

alternativebis sust mxareebze, romlebSic ufro didi wvlili SeaqvT

Tbosadgurebs. am kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxeilSi 8.5.

cxrili 8.5 CO2 kkriteriumis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebSi

CO2

alternativa 1000t

sabazo 20304A1r 22671A2 9630A3 26675A4 21396A5 20490A6 45259

C5: eleqtroenergiis importi (IMP)

eleqtroenergiis importis kriteriumi asaxavs energosistemis SesaZleblobas

damoukideblod ganaxorcielos moTxovnili eleqtroienergiis miwodeba da es

kriteriumi asaxavs energosistemis TviT-dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas

eleqtroenergiis importis saSualebiT. bunebrivia, eleqtroenergiis importis

ararseboba saqarTvlos energosistemis SemTxvevaSi niSnavs mxolod imas, rom

eleqtroenergiis importis nacvlad xdeba pirveladi sawvavis Semotana

(bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSiri, an orive), romelic gamoiyeneba gazze an

qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebSi sakmarisi eleqtroenergiis gamosamuSaveblad.

es kriteriumi SeiZleba ganxiluli iyos, rogorc energousafrTxoebis

kriteriumi. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, eleqtroenergiis importze dafuZnebuli

alternativa warmoadgens alternativas damyarebuls didi raodenobiT

eleqtroenergiis gacvlaze saqarTvelosa da mezobel energosistemebs Soris

da es niSnavs Zlier, erTian reJimSi momuSave eleqtroenergiis bazars. am

altenativis ganxorcielebis yvela potencialuri dabrkolebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, es maxasiaTebeli ganxilul iqna rogorc kriteriumi,

romelic asaxavs eleqtroenergiis importis alternativis uaryofiT mxares.



234

yvela gaanalizirebuli alternativisaTvis gamoTvlili mTliani

importirebuli elqtroenergia erTi da igive sididisaa garda alternativa 2-

isa, romlis SemTxvevaSic is mniSvnelovnad didia. amitomac konsultantma

gamoiyena xarisxobrivi kriteriumi (imis nacvlad, rom ganexila mTliani

importirebuli eleqtroenergia, rogorc raodenobrivi kriteriumi), romelic

asaxavs energosistemis TviT-dakmayofileba eleqtroenergiis importis

TvalsazrisiT.

– IMP=0 – 100% TviT-dakmayofilebadi energo sistema eleqtroenergiis

importis TvalsazrisiT.

– IMP=1 – Zlieri damokidebuleba mezobeli energosistemebidan

importirebul eleqtroenergiaze

alternativebs, romlebic dafuZnebulia 100% TviT-damakmayofilebel

saqarTvelos energosistemaze eleqtroenergiis importis TvalsazrisiT,

upiratesoba gaaCniaT im SemTxvevebTan SedarebiT, romlebic eyrdnoba didi

raodenobiT eleqtroenergiis imports. am kriteriumi mniSvnelobebi moyvanilia

cxrilSi 8.6.

cxarili 8.6. IMP–s mniSvnelobebi sxvadaxva alternativebisaTvis

IMalternativa

-sabazo 0

A1r 0A2 1A3 0A4 0A5 0A6 0

es xuTi kriteriumi raodenobrivi kriteriumia da maTi gavlena

alternativebis saboloo ranJirebaze mkacradaa gansazRvruli. sxva sami

kriteriumi, mocemuli TanmimdevrobiT warmoadgenen xarisxobriv kriteriumebs

da maTi gavlena damokidebulia mniSvnelovani faqtorebis Sefasebaze

konsultantis mier.

C6: EenergousafrTxoeba – energiis warmoebisaTvis sawvavis mowodebis

saimedooba (REL)

is qveynebi, romelTac ar gaaCnoiaT sakuTari wiaRiseuli saTbobi

TbosadgurebSi eleqtroenergiis sawarmoeblad (bunebrivi airi an qvanaxSiri)

garkveuli riskis qveS imyofebian am sabaziso energetikuli saTbobebis

importze energetikuli damokidebulebis gamo. es riski didia, roca

importirebuli sawvavis wili didia. es dafuZnebulia mraval faqtorze: a)



235

qvanaxSiris da gansakuTrebiT bunebivi airis fasi mihyveba navTobis fass, rac

iwvevs gaurkvevlobas am sabazo energetikuli sawvavis regularul mowodebaSi.

b) politikuri, ekonomikuri daZabulobis da areulobebis periodebSi

gaurkvevloba sawvavis regularuli mowodebaSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia.

saqarTvelos ar gaaCnia sakuTari bunebrivi airi da amgvarad saWiroa misi

importireba. qvanaxSiris resursebi limitirebulia (ix. Tavi 5), xolo misi

mopoveba dReisaTvis arasakmarisad aris ganviTarebuli, imisaTvis, rom

sakmarisi sawvavi miawodos Tboeleqtrosadgurs (arsebobs garkveuli

miniSnebebi, erTi 150mgvt qvanaxSirze momuSave sadguris mSeneblobis Sesaxeb).

am faqtis gamo, nagulisxmevia, rom dagegmilma qvanaxSirze momuSave

sadgurebma, romlebic CarTulia erTerT alternativaSi, unda imuSaon

importirebul qvanaxSirze.

energiis sawarmoeblad sawvavis miwodebis energousafrTxoebasTan da

energosaimedoobasTan (REL) dakavSirebuli kriteriumi moicavs risks da

gaurkvevlobis faqtors ZiriTadi energetikuli sawvavis – bunebrivi airis da

qvanaxSiris – mowodebaSi. REL kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi gansazRvrulia

aTbaliani skaliT 1-dan 10-mde, sadac 1 Seesabameba yvelaze dabal, da 10 –

yvelaze maRal energousafrTxoebas. REL kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi

gamoTvlilia rogorc importirebuli gazis wrfivad proporciuli sidide,

sadac importirebuli gazis maqsimalur sidides (12358 106 m3) Seesabameba

mniSvneloba 1, xolo importireli gazis minimalur sidides (5088 106 m3) –

maqsimaluri mniSvneloba 10. es sidideebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.7.

aRwerili meTodologiis Tanaxmad, REL kriteriumis minimaluri mniSvneloba

(mniSvneloba 1) mieniWa alternativas A3 (mxolod axali, gazze momuSave

sadgurebi), imitom rom am SemTxvevaSi importirebuli bunebrivi airis

moculoba udidesia. am kriteriumis yvelaze didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia

alaternativas, romelic gulisxmobs yvela dagegmili hidrosadguris

mSeneblobas, Tbosadgurebis gareSe – alternativa A2. es alternativa A2 mainc gulisxmobs bunebrivi airis imports (arsebuli TbosadgurebisaTvis) da amis

gamo am alternativas ar mieniWa REL kriteriumis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba 10,

aramed mieniWa mniSvneloba 8. analogiuria situacia alternativa A6 (axali

naxSirze momuSave Tbosadguri) dros, romelic dafuZnebulia importirebul

gazsa da qvanazSirze. importirebuli gazis moculoba didi ar aris, magram

moiTxoveba qvanaxSiris didi raodenobiT importireba. Sedegad,

energousafrTxoeba dabalia.Pkriteriums A6-sTvis ufro maRali mniSvneloba

gaaCnia, vidre alternativa A3 dros, radganac arsebobs upiratesoba (rogorc fasis fluqtuaciis, aseve mowodebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT) imis gamo,

rom adgili aqvs ori an meti sawvavis mowodebis wyaros arsebobas erTis

nacvlad.

REL kriteriumis mniSvneloba sxva alternativebisaTvis (A1 – axali gazze

momuSave Tbosadgurebi da yvela dagegmili hidrosadguri, A1r – mcire hesebi, qaris sadgurebi, axali gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi, namaxvanis kaskadi da

faravanis hesi, A4 – gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi, xudonhesi da faravanhesi da



236

A5 – gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi, namaxvanis kaskadi da faravnis hesi)

warmoadgenen wrfivi funqciis mniSvnelobebs, rogorc es zemoTaa aRwerili.

cxrili 8.7. REL kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis

alternativa

importireb

uli gazi

106 m3

importirebu

li naxSiri

106 t

REL

sabazo 9746 0 4.2A1r 9334 0 4.7A2 5088 0 8A3 12358 0 1A4 10199 0 3.7A5 9829 0 4.1A6 6777 11 3

C7: Egaremoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumi (ENV)

es kriteriumi moicavs sxvadasxva eleqtrosadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis

faqtorebs. CO2 –s gamoyofa ar Sedis am kriteriumSi, radganac garemoze

zemoqmedebis misi mniSvnelobis gamo, is gansazRvrulia calke kriteriumis

saxiT, romelic aRwerili iyo zemoT.

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi (ENV) SemuSavda Semdegi

zegavlenebis analizis safuZvelze (gansazRvrulia rogorc qvekriteriumebi):

yoveli es kriteriumi calcalkea gansazRvruli xudonhesis, namaxvanis

kaskadis, faravanhesis, bunebriv airze momuSave Tbosadgurebis, qvanaxSirze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis, ganaxlebadi eleqtrosadgurebis – mini da mcire

hidrodadgurebis da qaris sadgurebis SemTxvevebSi, romelic dafuZnebulia 5-e

TavSi mocemul mimoxilvasa da kvlevaze.

E1 sistemis (rezervuaris da eleqtrosadguris) zegavlenis

qveS myofi farTobi

E2 zegavlena klimatis cvlilebaze

E3 haeris dabinZurebaze zegavlena

E4 hidrologiur reJimebze zegavlena

E5 wylis xarisxze zegavlena

E6 mcenareebze zegavlena

E7 faunaze zegavlena

E8 landSaftze zegavlena

E9 energiis wyaros ganaxlebadoba



237

kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi

Sejamebulia sadgurebis yvela

sistemisaTvis (cxrili 8.8 –

midgoma, cxrili 8.18 – zegavlena),

da Semdeg ganviTarebis yoveli

alternativisaTvis, imis

gaTvaliswinebiT Tu ra

eleqtrosadgurebs moicavs

mocemuli alternativa (cxrili

8.19).

cxrili 8.8 TiToeuli eleqtrosadguris garemoze zemoqmedebis

gansazRvrisaTvis gamoyenebuli midgoma

el.sadguris tipi E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 jami

Kxudoni Ke1 Ke2 Ke3 Ke4 Ke5 Ke6 Ke7 Ke8 Ke9 Kenamaxvani Ne1 Ne2 Ne3 Ne4 Ne5 Ne6 Ne7 Ne8 Ne9 Ne

Hhidr

o faravani Pe1 Pe2 Pe3 Pe4 Pe5 Pe6 Pe7 Pe8 Pe9 PeGgazi Ge1 Ge2 Ge3 Ge4 Ge5 Ge6 Ge7 Ge8 Ge9 Ge

qvanaxSiri Ce1 Ce2 Ce3 Ce4 Ce5 Ce6 Ce7 Ce8 Ce9 Cemcire hesebi Me1 Me2 Me3 Me4 Me5 Me6 Me7 Me8 Me9 Me

qari We1 We2 We3 We4 We5 We6 We7 We8 We9 We

E1. sistemis (rezervuari da eleqtrosadguri) zegavlenis qveS myofi farTobi

es qvekriteriumi moicavs im adgilis zomas, romelic dakavebuli aqvs

eleqtrosadgurs da farTobs, romelic imyofeba energosistemis (rezervuari da

eleqtosadguri) pirdapiri zegavlenis qveS. es parametri ganisazRvreba

mocemuli dakavebuli farTis kuTri sidideebiT eleqtrosadguris dadgmul

simZlavresTTan mimarTebaSi (ha/mgvt). sxva kritriumebTan ufro ioli Sedarebis

mizniT, maTi kuTri mniSvnelobebi gadayvanili iqna sidideSi (parametri),

romelic gviSvenebs zegavlenis zomas:

0 - umniSvnelod mcire farTobia zegavlenis qveS

1 - mcire farTobia zegavlenis qveS

2 – mniSvnelovani farTobia zegavlenis qveS

hidrosadgurebisaTvis sistemis zegavlenis qeS myofi farTobi warmoadgens

wylis zedapiris farTobs, wylis normaluri donis dros gadidebuls 20%-iT.

faranvis hesi warmoadgens saderivacio tipis sadgurs, da am sistemas ar aqvs

am qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi

ganisazRrvreba Semdegnairad:

0 – Zlier umniSvnelo zegavlena

1 – mcire zegavlena

2 – mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi zegavlena

mniSvnelobebi uaryofiTia, radgan garemoze

zemoqmedeba uaryofiTia.

mxolod bolo qvekriteriumi E9 – energiis wyaroebis ganaxlebadoba ganisazRvreba

Semdegnairad:

1 – ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebisaTvis

0 – gazis da naxSiris energiis wyaroebad

gamoyenebisas



238

rezervuari; Sesabamisad zegavlenis qveS myofi farTobi Zlier umniSvneloa da

misi ugulebelyofa SeiZleba.

igulisxmeba, rom gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi aSendeba ukve arsebuli

sadgurebis adgilas (eqspluataciidan gamosuli sadgurebis nacvlad); amgvarad

am sadgurebis mSeneblobis gamo ar warmoiSveba axali zegavlenis qves myofi

adgilebi.

qvanaxSirze momuSave TboleleqtosagurebisaTvis zegavlenis qveS myof farTobs

warmoadgens Tboeleqtosadguris mier dakavebuli farTobi, misi yvela damxmare

nagebobebis CaTvliT (qvanaxSiris sayreli, transportirebis saSualebebi,

mowyobilobebi, romlebic amsxvreven qvanaxSirs, rezervuarebi, Sxefsacivrebi da

sxva). dagegmilia, rom qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadguri ganTavsdes zRvis

sanapiro zolSi (importirebuli qvanaxSiris iolad misawodeblad – zRvis

transportiT), sadac unda arsebobdes CamtvirTavi porti damatebiT Senoba-

danadgarebTan erTad, romelic Sedis zegavlenis qveS myof farTSi. amis garda,

sanapiros garkveuli nawili aRar gamodgeba rekreaciuli da turistuli

miznebisaTvis (ix. Tavi 5.1) da es farTobi aseve Sedis zegavlenis qveS myof

arealSi.

mcire da saSualo hidrosadgurebisTvis da qaris sadgurebisaTvis zegavlenis

qveS myofi farTobi pataraa sxva sadgurebTan SedarebiT.

am qvekriteriumis sidideebi mocemuli cxrilSi 8.9.

cxrili 8.9. E1 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – sistemis zegavlenis qves myofi

farTobebi

el.sadguris tipi

Azegavlenis qveS

myofi farTobi

(ha)

dadgmuli

simZlavre (mgvt)

kuTri

farTobi

(ha/mgvt)

E1

Kxudoni 480 638 0.75 -1namaxvani 830 450 1.85 -2hidro

faravani - 123 - 0Ggazi 0

qvanaxSiri 500 900 0.6 -1mcire hesebi 0

qari 0

E2. zegavlena klimatis cvlilebaze

sxvadasxva eleqtrosadgurebis zegavlena klimatis cvlilebaze sistemis

axlomdebare teritoriaze detalurad aris aRwerili am reportis wina

TavebSi.

hidroeleqtrosadgurebis SemTxvevaSi klimatis cvlilebaze zegavlena exeba

rezervuars. rezervuarebi dadebiT zegavlenas axdenen temperaturaze (rogorc



239

aRwerilia TavSi 5.2). Tumca arsebobs garkveuli uaryofiTi zegavlenebic

(nislis warmoSoba da ufro intensiuri qarebi), magram es exeba SezRudul

farTobs rezervuaris maxloblad. es aris mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc

xudonhesis da namaxvanis kaskadis sistemebis zegavlena klimatis cvlilebaze

Zlier umniSvneloa da ugulebelsayofia. faravnis hesi saderivacio tipis

sadguria da aseT sadgurebs rezervuarebi ar gaaCniaT, Sesabamisad klimatze

zegavlenas ver axdenen.

gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebis klimatis cvlilebaze zegavlena mcirea (ufro

didia vidre hesebisTvis, magram ufro mcirea qvanaxSirze momuSave

TbosadgureTan SedarebiT). am zegavlenis simcire aris imis Sedegi, rom axali

gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi ar Sendeba axal adgilebSi. momuSave

Tbosadgurebis uaryofiTi zegavlena ukve arsebobs, da axali Tbosadgurebi

gazrdian am zegavlenas. es uaryofiTi zegavlenebi moicavs tenianobis zrdas

gacivebis sistemis gamo (gacivebis sistemis tipisgan damoukideblad) da

gazrdian nisliani dReebis raodenobas. radganac qvanaxSirze momuSave

Tbosadgurebidan mniSvelovani odenobis CO2–s gamoyofa Sedis sxva

kriteriumSi C4), gazze da qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebis zegavlena klimatis

cvlilebaze CaTvlilia mcired.

saSualo da mcire hidrosadgurebis da qaris sadgurebis klimatze zegavlena

Zlier umniSvneloa da ugulebelsayofia.

am qvekriteriumos mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.10

vcrili 8.10. E2 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – klimatis cvlilebaze

zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi E2 Kxudoni 0namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi -1

qvanaxSiri -1mcire hesebi 0

qari 0

E3. zegavlena haeris dabinZurebaze

haeris dabinZurebaze didi, saSualo da mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebi da qaris

sadgurebi zegavlenas ar axdenen.

Tbosadgurebis zegavlena haeris dabinZurebaze sadgurebis siaxloves

detalurad aris aRwerili am reportis wina TavebSi. haeris dabinZureba

Slakis da nacris nawilakebiT Zalian seriozuli uaryofiTi zegavlenaa. aseve

SO2 da NOx gamoyofa, abinZurebs haers da iwvevs egreTwodebul mJave wvimebs



240

(ix. Tavi 5.1). wylis orTqli agreTve axdens uaryofiT zegavlenas da haeris

seriozul dabinZurebebas. daaxloebiT 3 ÷ 4 Ll/kvtsT wylis orTqli gaedineba

atmosferoSi, romelic Zlier abinZurebs Tbosadguris irgvliv farTo

teritorias. gazze momauSave sadgurebiT haeris dabinZureba ise mniSvnelovani

ar aris, rogorc qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebis SemTxvevaSi.

am qvekritriumis mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.11

cxrili 8.11. E3 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – haeris dabinZurebaze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi E3 xudoni 0namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi -1


qari 0

E4. wylis reJimebze zegavlena

eleqtrosadgurebis (da maTi rezervuarebis) zegavlena wylis reJimebze

mdgomarebs mdinarebis reJimebis gauaresebaSi.

didi hidrosadgurebi (xudoni da namaxvanis kaskadi) maTi rezervuarebis

arealSi cvlian wylis reJimebs – wylis modineba ufro nelia rezervuaris

gavsebis Semdeg. magram es rezevuarebi ar arian didi moculobis da wlis

umetes nawilSi isini muSaoben eleqtrosadgurebSi wylis maRali gadagdebis

reJimSi kaSxlis maxloblad. amis garda, kaSxlis qvemoT (orive SemTxvevaSi)

mdebareobs dReisaTvis arsebuli rezervuari (enguris rezervuari xudonis

SemTxvevaSi, gumaTis rezervuari namaxvanis kaskadis SemTxvevaSi) da amgvarad

kaSxlis qvemoT hidrologiuri reJimebi ar icvleba. am faqtis gamo, xudonhesis

da namaxvanis kaskadis zegavlena wylis reJimebze mdinareebSi gansazRvrulia,

rogorc mcire. faravnis hesi aris saderivacio tipis eleqtrosadguri. es

warmoadgens did hidrosadgurs da igulisxmeba, rom garantirebuli

ekologiuri gadadineba SeiZleba gakontroldes monitoringis sistemis

saSualebiT, romlis dayeneba SesaZlebelia. swored amitom hidrosadgurebis

zegavlena hidrologiur reJimebze igulisxmeba rogorc Zlier umniSvneloa –

ugulebelsayofia.

gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebis zegavlena wylis reJimebze gulisxmobs mdinaris

wylis gamoyenebas sistemis gasaciveblad. es wyali mdinaris qvemoT ubrundeba

mdinares wylis reJimebis Secvlis gareSe. amitomacaa, rom zegavlena

gansazRvrulia rogorc mcire gazze da qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebisaTvis.

saSualo da mcire hisdrosadgurebi, gansakuTrebiT ki mcire sadgurebi

zegavlenas axdenen mdinarebSi wylis reJimebze, radgan maTi umetesoba



241

saderivacio tipisaa, da Znelia kaSxlidan qvemoT gadagdebuli wylis

kontroli. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom umetes SemTxvevebSi, gadagdebuli

wylis raodenoba zogadad tolia sididisa, romelic unda iqnas gadagdebuli

imisTvis rom aRdges qveda nakadis funqciebi (rogorc garantirebuli

ekologiuri gadadineba an garantirebuli dineba aucilebeli qveda

nakadisaTvis). amitomac wylis reJimebze zemoqmedeba gansazRvrulia, rogorc

mcire. qaris sadgurebs ar gaaCniaT wylis reJimebze zemoqmedeba.

am qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.12.

cxrili 8.12. E4 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – wylis reJimebze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi E4xudoni -1namaxvani -1hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0

qvanaxSiri 0mcire hesebi -1

qari 0

E5. wylis xarisxze zegavlena

xudonis rezervuaris mTliani moculobaa 230 milioni m3 da warmoadgens

yvelaze didi rezervuars gaanalizirebuli hidrosadgurebidan. Termuli

stratifikaciis frudis ricxvi miuTiTebs, rom rezervuars danamdvilebiT eqneba

gamoxatuli stratifikacia. magram, rezervuaris moculoba da wylis wliuri

modineba miuTiTebs, rom rezervuarSi wyali mTlianad 18-jer gamoicvleba wlis

ganmavlobaSi (gamocvlis periodia 20 dRe). xudonis rezervuaris

SemomsazRvrel arealSi ar aris sxva dabinZurebis wyaro. yvela es parametri

miuTiTebs, rom wylis xarisxi rezervuarSi finalur stadiaze kargi xarisxis

iqneba (oligotropuli an, uares SemTxvevaSi mezotropuli). amgvarad, wylis

xarisxze zemoqmedeba ganazRvrulia rogorc mcire.

namaxvanis kaskadis zegavlena wylis xarisxze cota ufro mcirea, radganac mas

SedarebiT patara moculobis rezervuari aqvs modinebul wyalTan da

hidrosadguris dadgmuli modinebasTan SedarebiT. tviSis da JoneTis

rezevuarebis moculobac Zalian pataraa. orive rezervuari dRiuri SezRuduli

regulirebisaa da mosalodnelia ar aris wylis xarisxis cvlileba am

rezervuarebSi. namaxvanis rezervuari ufro didia da rezervuarSi Cans cudi

stratifikaciis pirobebi. wylis moculobis gamocvla namaxvanis rezervuarSi

moxdeba weliwadSi 31-jer. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom rezervuarSi wylis

xarisxis didi sizustiT mihyveba wylis xarisxis cvlilebas mdinare rionSi.

magram rezervuariT SemosazRvrul teritoria SedarebiT mWidrodaa

dasaxlebuli da soflis meurneoba intensiuradaa ganviTarebuli. am faqtma

wylis nel dinebasTan erTad SeiZleba gamoiwvios wylis xarisxis garkveuli

cvlilebani. amitomac namaxvanis SemTxvevaSi wylis xarisxze zemoqmedebis



242

qvekriteriumis mniSvneloba Sefasebulia rogorc mcire. faravanis hesi

saderivacio tipisaa, mniSvnelovani wylis sacavis gareSe da Sesabamisad

mosalodneli ar aris wylis xarisxze raime zemoqmedeba.

Tbosadgurebis (qvanaxSirze da gazze momuSave) zegavlena wylis xarisxze

gamowveulia didi raodenobiT wylis gadinebiT, romelic gamoiyeneba gaciebis

sistemebisaTvis. ufro maRali temperaturis wyali arasasurvelia wylis

xarisxis TvalsazrisiT (is amcirebs gaxsnili Jangbadis koncentracias da

moqmedebs sicocxleze wyalSi). gasacivebeli sistemis konstruqciis mixedviT

(recirkulaciiT an mis gareSe) es zegavlena sxvadasxvaa. naxSirze momuSave

Tbosadurebs ufro meti wyali sWirdebaT. 300mgvt dadgmuli simZlavris

Tbosadgurs daaxloebiT 10m3/wm wyali sWirdeba (ix. Tavi 5.1). aseTi didi

moculobis cxeli wyali iwvevs wylis xarisxis mniSvnelovan cvlilebas. gazze

momuSave Tbosadgurs ufro naklebi wyali sWirdeba da amgvarad wylis

xarisxze zemoqmedeba gansazRvrulia rogorc mcire.

mcire da saSualo hidrosadgurebi, ise rogorc qaris sadgurebi ar axdenen

zegavlenas wylis xarisxze.


cxrili 8.13. E5 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – wylis xarisxze zegavlena


faravani 0Ggazi -1


qari 0

E6. zegavlena vegetaciaze

xudonhesis da namaxvanis kaskadis rezervuarebi ar iqnebian ganlagebulni

bunebrivi nakrZalebis an erovnuli parkebis teritoriebze da SesaZlo

zegavlena mcenareTa samyaroze mosalodnelia rom mcire iqneba. arsebobs

garkveuli dadebiTi zegavlena rezervuaris siaxloves maRali tenianobis gamo,

magram es zegavlena SezRudulia mxolod rezervuaris axlos ganTavsebul

teritoriebze da amgvarad es mxedvelobaSi ar iqn miRebuli. faravanis hesi,

saSualo da mcire hesebi da qaris eleqtrosadgurebi gavlenas ar axdenen

vegetaciaze.

Tbosadgurebis gavlena vegetaciaze sxvadasxvaa da igi damokidebulia gaciebis

sistemaze da dadgmul simZlavreze. SO2 da NOx gamoyofa iwvevs egreTwodebul

mJavian wvimas, romelic uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens vegetaciaze. aseve, haeris

maRali mJavianoba, tenianoba da mJavas nislis warmoqmna mniSvnelovan gavlenas



243

axdenen vegetaciaze. yoveli zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tbosadguri gavlenas

moaxdens vegetaciaze da es gavlena miCneulia rogorc mcire gavlena.


cxrili 8.14. E6 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – vegetaciaze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi E6xudoni 0namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi -1


qari 0

E7. faunaze zegavlena

xudonhesis da namaxvanis kaskadis rezervuarebi ar iqnebian ganlagebulni

bunebrivi nakrZalebis an erovnuli parkebis teritoriebze. daculi

teritoriebi orive mdinareze (enguri da rioni) mdebareobs gaanalizirebuli

kaSxlebis (hidrosadgurebis sistemis) qvemoT da maTi grZivi migraciis gamo

ukve ganicdian zemoqmedebas qvemoT ganlagebuli kaSxlebis gamo (enguris

kaSxali mdinare engurze da gumaTis da rionis kaSxlebi – mdinare rionze). es

aRwerilia TavSi 5.2. Secvlil hidrologiur reJimebs garkveuli zegavlena

eqnebaT Tevzis saxeobebze, magram es zegavlena mniSvnelovani ver iqneba am

mdinareebis hidrologiis adre ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis gamo. ar aris

mosalodneli, rom cxovelTa sxva saxeobebma ganicadon mniSvnelovani

araxelsayreli zegavlena.

faravnis hidrosadgurs da saSualo zomis hidrosadgurebs minimaluri

zegavlena eqnebaT bunebriv garemosa da cxovelTa saxeobebze. mcire hesebs,

saderivacio sistemis SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar aris mkacri kontroli garantirebul

gadinebaze, SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani zegavlena moaxdinon momdinare wylis yvela

saxeobaze (bunebrivi garemo da florisa da faunis calkeuli saxeobebi).

Zalian xSirad, aseT sistemebze, mTeli modinebuli wyali mimarTulia

hidrosadgurze, zRudidan dabla wylis gadagdebis gareSe. Tumca, wylis

gadagdebis garantirebuli moTxovnebis mkacri dacvis SemTxvevaSi es problemebi

ar warmoiSveba. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, es zemoqmdeba ganisazRvra, rogorc mcire.

Tbosadgurebis uaryofiTi zegavlenis gansazRvra cxovelTa saxeobebze rTulia.

haeris dabinZurebas, mJava wvimebs da mikroklimatis pirobebis cvlilebas

gaaCniaT arasaxarbielo zegavlena florasa da faunaze Tbosadgurebis farTo

teritoriaze. biomravalferovnebis Semcireba warmoadens Tbosadgurebis zrdad

erTerT uaryofiT zegavlenas. axali gazze momuSave blokebis gamoyeneba

gamoiwvevs ufro nakleb zegavlenas gamoiwvevs, vidre naxSirze momuSave



244

sadgurebi. am faqtebis gamo, axali Tbosadgurebis zegavlena (gazsa da

qvanaxSirze momuSave sadgurebi) gansazRvrulia, rogorc mcire.

qaris sadgurebs, gansakuTrebiT ki did sadgurebs uaryofiTi zegavlena aqvT

cxovelTa saxobebze. es sadgurebi iwveven vibracias da xmaurs garemo

teritoriaze. es fenomeni arasaxarbiloa yvela cocxali saxeobisaTvis. veluri

cxovelebi toveben im teritorias, sadac eleqtrosadguris xmauris gavlenaa.

ufro didi qaris sadgurebi arasasurvelia frinvelebis migraciis TvalsazisiT.

amis gamo es zemoqmedeba CaiTvala mniSvnelovnad.


cxrili 8.15. E7 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – faunaze zegavlena


faravani 0Ggazi -1


qari -2

E8. landSaftze zegavlena

bevr adgilas Cans, rom rezervuari dadebiT gavlenas axdens landSaftze,

xolo sxva adgilebSi, sadac mSvenieri bunebrivi landSafti daitbora, misi

zegavlena uaryofiTia. landSaftze zemoqmedeba dakavSirebulia agreTve

rezervuaris qvemoT wylis nakadebis cvlilebasTan, roca rezervuari itevs

didi raodenobiT wyals. xSirad rezervuari saSualebas iZleva ganviTardes

turizmi da rekreaciuli zona, rac zrdis miwis Rirebulebas da xels uwyobs

ekonomiur atiurobas, romelic iwvevs dasaqmebis gazrdas. amitomac

rezervuarebis zegavlena landSaftze Sefasebulia rogorc Zlier umniSvnelo

da ugulebelsayofia.

Tbosadgurebi yvela damxmare nagebobebiT (naqSirsayreli, transportitebis

saSualebebi, naxSiris damaqucmacebeli, rezervuarebi, Sxefsacivrebi da sxva)

amcirebs landSaftis harmoniulobas. Tbosadguri landSaftis arasasurveli

mezobelia. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebi

ganlagebulia zRvis sanapiro zolSi an mis maxloblad, romelic SezRudulia

farTobSi da amitom am landSaftze zemoqmedebis Semcireba mniSvnelovania.

TbosadgurebisaTvis qvanaxSiris importireba moxdeba zRviT, da saWiro iqneba

portis ageba nayari tvirTisaTvis – qvanaxSirisaTvis. aseTi porti agreTve

arasasurveli mezobelia, radgan igi abinZurebs garemos: vizualurad, naxSiris

mtveri misi yoveli gadatanis da transportirebis fazaSi, warmoSobs xmaurs

da lokalurad abinZurebs zRvas. amitom qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebis

zegavlena landSaftze miCneulia mniSvnelovnad.



245

gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi aSendeba arsebuli Tbosadgurebis adgilze

(rogorc adre iyo aRwerili), ar moxdeba axali adgilis dakaveba; Sedegad

landSaftze axal uaryofiT zemoqmedebas adgili ar eqneba.

qaris sadgurebi arRveven landSaftis harmonias, gansakuTrebiT zRvispira

zolsa da mTian regionSi da maTi zemoqmedeba landSaftze miCneulia mcired.


cxrili 8.16. E8 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – landSaftze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi E8xudoni 0namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0


qari -1

E9. ganaxlebadi energiis wyaro

es qvekriteriumi exeba energiis wyaroebs. mas gaaCnia mxolod ori mniSvneloba:

1 – ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebisaTvis

2 – gazis da qvanaxSiris wyaroebisaTvis


cxrili 8.17. E9 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebi

el.sadguris tipi E9xudoni +1namaxvani +1hidro

faravani +1Ggazi 0

qvanaxSiri 0mcire hesebi +1

qari +1

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumis (ENV) yvela qvekriteriumi daaxloebiT

erTidaigive mniSvnelobisaa. swored amitom jamuri zemoqmedeba gansazRvrulia

rogorc TiToeuli sadgurisTvis aRebuli qvekriterumebis jami. es

mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.18 da naxazze 8-2.



246

cxrili 8.18. garemoze zemoqmedebis qvekriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi TiToeuli

proeqtisaTvis

el.sadguris tipi E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 jami

xudoni -1 -1 -1 -1 -3namaxvani -2 -1 -1 -1 -4hidro

faravani 00 0

0 00

00 +1

+1Ggazi 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -5

qvanaxSiri -1 -1 -2 0 -2 -1 -1 -2 0 -10mcire hesebi 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 +1 0

qari 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -1 +1 -2

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

Khudoni Namakhvani Paravani Gas Coal sHPP wind

Sum

mar

ized

Env

ironm

enta

l Im

pact

of D

iffer

ent P

roje

cts

naxazi 8-2. sxvadasxva proeqtebis Sejamebuli zemoqmedeba garemoze

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumebi, ganviTarebis yoveli alternativisaTvis

gamoTvlilia rogorc am alternativaSi Semavali yoveli eleqtrosadguris

qvekriteriumebis jami. garkveuli modifikacia gakeTebulia mxolod gazze

momuSave TbosadgurebisaTvis ; es imis gamoa gakeTebuli, rom sxvadasxva

alternativa Seicavs aseTi sadgurebis sxvadasxva raodenobas. radganac gazze

momuSave TbosgurebisaTvis garemoze zemoqmedebis qvekriteriumebis jami iZleva

axali Tbosadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis dones, es sidide mravldeba woniT

koeficientze K – gazze momuSave sadgurebis raodenobaze alternativaSi

Sefardebuli Tbosadgurebis maqsimalur raodnobasTan. gazze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis maqsimaluri raodenobaa 6. sxvadasxva alternativaSi CarTuli

gazis Tbosadgurebis raodenobebi da Sesabamisi K koeficientebi tolia :

-sabazo da A1r 4 eleqtrosadguri K=0.667 - A3 6 eleqtrosadguri K=1 - A4 da A5 5 eleqtrosadguri K=0.833 - A2 da A6 0 eleqtrosadguri



247

Sejamebuli qvekriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi TiToeuli alternativis

SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi sididea. radganac mravalkriteriumiani Sefasebisas

uaryofiTi mniSvnelobebi rekomendirebuli ar aris, ricxvi 12 daemata am

mniSvnelobebs (maqsimaluri uaryofiTi mniSvneloba gaizarda 2-mde). Sedegad

miviReT garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumis (ENV) sidide, romelic gamoiyeneba

ganviTarebis alternativebis mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebisas. ranJirebis

proceSi moxdeba am kriteriumis maqsimizacia. es sidideebi mocemulia cxrilSi

8.19 da naxazze 8-3.

cxrili 8.19 ENV kriteriumis mniSvneloba TiToeuli alternativisaTvis

hidro alternativ

a gazi

naxS

iri

mcire

hesebi qari jami ENV

sabazo -3 -4 +1 -3.3 -9.3 2.7A1r -4 +1 -3.3 0 -2 -8.3 3.7A2 -3 -4 +1 -6 6A3 -5 -5 7A4 -3 +1 -4.2 -6.2 5.8A5 -4 +1 -4.2 -7.2 4.8A6 -10 -10 2

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

Sum

mar

ized

Env

ironm

enta

l Im

pact

of D

iffer

ent A

ltern

ativ

es

BaseCase A1r A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

naxazi 8-3. sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis garemoze jamuri zemoqmedeba

C8: socialuri zegavlenis kriteriumi (SOC)

socialuri zegavlenis kriterumi gulisxmobs sxvadasxva eleqtrosadgurebis

zegavlenas sazogadoebaze (mosaxleoba, kultura da istoria). wina

kriteriumebis msgavsad, am kriteriumis mniSvneloba Sefasebulia 5-e TavSi

mocemuli analizis da jgufis eqsperti wevrebis codnis safuZvelze.



248

gaanalizda eleqtrosadgurebis (hidrosadgurebis da gazze da qvanaxSirze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis) da damatebiTi proeqtebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani

zegavlenebi da es kriteriumi ganisazRvra, rogorc Semdegi qvekriteriumebis

erToblioba:


S2 soflis meurneobis produqtebis warmoebaze

zegavlena, S3 transportis infrastruqturaze zgavlena

S4 rekreaciuli zonisa da turizmis ganviTarebis

SesaZlebloba

S5 adgilobivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze

zegavlena

midgoma iseTivea, rogorc garemoze

zemoqmedebis kriteriumis SemTxvevaSi.

TiToeuli es kriteriumi ganisazRvreba

calclake xudonis hesis, namaxvanis

kaskadis, faravanis hesis, gazze momuSave

Tbosadurebis, qvanaxSirze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis, ganaxlebadi energiis

wyaroebis – mcire hesebis da qaris

sadgurebis SemTxvevebSi.

am kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi Sejamebulia

TiToeuli eleqtrosadgurisaTvis (cxrili

8.20 – midroma, cxrili 8.26 – zegavlena), da Semdeg TiToeuli ganviTarebis

alternativisaTvis (cxrili 8.27).

cxrili 8.20. socialuri zegavlenis gansazRvris meTodi TiToeuli

eleqtrosadguris SemTxvevaSi

el.sadguris tipi C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Sumxudoni Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4 Kc5 Kc namaxvani Nc1 Nc2 Nc3 Nc4 Nc5 Nchidro

faravani Pc1 Pc2 Pc3 Pc4 Pc5 Pc Ggazi Gc1 Gc2 Gc3 Gc4 Gc5 Gc

qvanaxSiri Cc1 Cc2 Cc3 Cc4 Cc5 Ccmcire hesebi Mc1 Mc2 Mc3 Mc4 Mc5 Mc

qari Wc1 Wc2 Wc3 Wc4 Wc5 Wc


es qvekriteriumi moicavs mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas, rogorc axali

eleqtrosadgurebis da damxmare nagebobebis mSeneblobis Sedegs. es parametri

gamosaxulia kuTr sidideSi – gadasaxlebuli mosaxleobis raodenoba

SerCeul qvekriteriumebs SeiZleba

hqondeT dadebiTi an uaryofiTi

zeegavlena. es SeiZleba ganisazRvros

rogorc:

2 – mniSvnelovani dadebiTi zegavlena

1 – mcire dadebiTi zegavlena

0 – ugulebelsayofi zegavlena

-1 – mcire uaryofiTi zegavlena

-2 – mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi

zegavlena



249

eleqtrosadguris dadgmul simZlavresTan mimarTebaSi (mosaxleoba/mgvt). es

kuTri parametri Semdeg gadadis mniSvnelobaSi (parametrSi), romelic gviCvenebs

zegavlenis gafarToebas, da romelic ganisazRvreba ise rogorc es zemoTaa

aRwerili.

xudonhesis da namaxvanis kaskadis SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobis gadasaxlebis mizezia

rezervuarebis mSenebloba. es sidideebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.21. faravanhesi

saderivacio tipis eleqtrosadguria, mcire rezervuariT da mosaxleobis

gadasaxlebas adgili ar aqvs.

nagulisxmvia, rom axali qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebi ganlagebuli iqneba

im adgilebSi sadac mosaxleobis gadasaxleba saWiro ar iqneba, radgan misi

mdebareoba ar aris gansazRvruli qvanaxSiris maRaros mdebareobiT (qvanaxSiris

ZiriTadi nawili importirebuli iqneba). gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi

ganlagebulni iqnebian ukve arsebuli sadgurebis adgilas da Sesabamisad

mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas adgili ar eqneba.

ar arsebobs monacemebi mcire da saSualo hidrosadgurebis zusti ganlagebis da

mosaxleobis SesaZlo gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb. mosalodnelia, rom gadasaxleba

iqneba mcire, romlis ugulebelyofa SeiZleba im gadasaxlebebTan SedarebiT,

romelTac adgili eqnebaT didi hidrosadgurebis SemTxvevaSi. mosalodnelia, rom

mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas adgili ar eqneba qaris eleqtrosagurebis

mSeneblobisas.

cxrili 8.21 S1 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – mosaxlebis gadasaxlebaze

zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi

gadasasaxlebeli

mosaxleobis

raodenoba

(suli)

dadgmuli

simZlavre

(mgvt)

kuTri

gadasaxleba

(suli/mgvt)

S1

xudoni 1500 638 2.35 -2namaxvani 279 450 0.62 -1hidro

faravani - 123 - 0Ggazi 0

qvanaxSiri 0mcire hesebi 0

qari 0

S2. soflis meurneobis warmoebaze zegavlena

am angarisis momzadebisas ar arsebobda monacemebi im sasoflo-sameurneo

miwebis Sesaxeb, romelic daitboreba xudonis rezervuariT. am rezervuars

SedarebiT mcire wylis zedapiri aqvs, iqmneba mdinare enguris xeobaSi, im

adgilas sadac mosaxleoba ar aris orientirebuli soflis meurneobaze.

amitomac xudonhesis zegavlena soflis meurneobis warmoebaze CaTvlilia

mcired.



250

situacia namaxvanis kaskadis SemTxvevaSi mTlianad gansxvavebulia. es

rezervuarebi Seiqmneba im adgilebSi, sadac mosaxleoba orientirebulia

soflis meurneobis warmoebaze. es sistema datboravs 830ha sasoflo-sameurneo

miwas an 1.85ha/mgvt. miuxedavad imisa, rom moxdeba datborili teritoriis

kompensacia, dakarguli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis moculoba mniSvnelovania da

es CaTvlilia namaxvanis kaskadis mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zegavlenad soflis

meurneobis warmoebaze.

faravanis hesis SemTxvevaSi adgili ar eqneba sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

miwis dakargvas.

axali naxSirze momuSave sadgurebis uaryofiTi zegavlena soflis meurneobis

warmoebaze mravali faqtoris Sedegia. haeris dabinZurebas, mJava wvimebs,

mikroklimatis mdgomareobis gauaresebas - arasaxarbielo zegavlena aqvT

soflis meurneobis warmoebaze Tbosadguris farTe arealSi. aseve, haeris

maRali mJavianoba, tenianoba da mJava nislis warmoqmna, mniSvnelovani

uaryofiTi zegavlenaa soflis meurneobis warmoebaze, ise rogorc is didi

farTobebi, romlebic saWiroa ferflis sayrelebisaTvis. yvela moxseniebuli

faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurbs eqnebaT uaryofiTi

zegavlena soflis meurneobis warmoebaze.

gazze momuSave Tbosdadgurebis zegavlena soflis meurneobis warmoebaze ise

mniSvnelovani ar aris, rogorc naxSirze momuSave TbosadgurebisaTvis. axali

gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebis soflis meurneobis warmoebaze uaryofiTi

zemoqmedeba SeiZleba CaiTvalos Zlier mcired.

faravnis hesi, saSualo da mcire hesebi da qaris sadgurebi uqryofiT

zegavlenas ar axdenen soflis meurneobis warmoebaze.

cxrili 8.22. S2 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – zegavlena soflis meurneobis

warmoebaze

el.sadguris tipi S2 xudoni 0namaxvani -1hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0


qari 0

S3. satransporto infrastruqturaze zegavlena

xudonis kaSxalis da hidrosadguris aSeneba unda moxdes mdinare enguris

xeobaSi. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gza, romelic aerTebs mestias

zugdidTan da gzatkecili gadis mdinare enguris gaswvriv. gza cud



251

mdgomareobaSia, da rogorc xudonis proeqtis nawili gayvanil iqneba 40km

betonis axali gza axal marSrutze jvaridan xaiSamde. amis garda, droebiTi da

mudmivi gzebis mSenebloba gaaumjobesebs mestiis raionis mosaxleobis

sacxovrebel pirobebs. amitom xudonis hesis zegavlena satransporto

infrastruquraze CaTvlilia dadebiTad – mcire dadebiTi zegavlena.

sxva sadgurebis zegavlena (sxva hesebi, Tbosadgurebi, mcire da saSualo hesebi

da qaris sadguri) SedarebiT mcirea da CaTvlilia Zlier mcired, romlis

ugulebelyofa SeiZleba.

cxrili 8.23. S3 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – satransporto

infrastruqturaze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi S3 xudoni +1namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0

qvanaxSiri 0mcire hesebi 0

qari 0

S4. rekreciisa da turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobani

es qvekriteriumi aerTianebs rekreaciis, turizmis, wylis sportis saxeobebis da

sxva saSualebebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs mocemul teritoriebze. am mxriv

namaxvanis kaskads gaaCnia yvelaze didi SesaZlebloba, romelic ganlagebulia

SedarebiT mWidro dasaxlebul teritoriaze, didi raionuli centris (quTaisi)

maxloblad. namaxvanis kaskadis zegavlena teritoriis ganviTarebaze

mniSvnelovnad dadebiTia. xudonis rezervuars agreTve aqvs SesaZlebloba

ganaviTaros mocemuli teritoria, magram is ganlagebulia Rarib da iSviaTad

dasaxlebul adgilas da amitom CiTvala, rom xudonis zegavlena mcired

dadebiTia.

gazze momuSave Tbosadguri gavlenas ar axdens (arc dadebiT da arc uaryofiTs)

teritoriis ganviTarebaze, radganac maTi aSeneba gamiznulia ukve arsebuli

sadgurebis adgilas.

qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebi mniSvnelovnad uaryofiT zegavlenas axdenen

teritoriis ganviTarebaze. es Tbosadgurebi ganlagebuli iqnebian sanapiro zolis

maxloblad, rac niSnavs, rom napiris garkveuli nawili (qvanaxSiris

gadmosatvirTi portis irgvliv) daikargeba turistuli miznebisaTvis. es ki

warmoadgens teritorias (Savi zRvis napiri), romelsac yvelaze maRali

turistuli Rirebuleba da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi aqvs saqarTveloSi.

faravanis hesi, saSualo da mcire hesebi ar axdenen zegavlenas teritoriis

ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebze. qaris sadgurebs aqvT mcire uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba,



252

radganac isini warmoSoben vibracias da xmaurs, rac arasasiamovnoa

mosaxleobisaTvis, iseve rogorc arsebuli cocxali saxeobebisaTvis.

cxrili 8.24. S4 qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – rekreaciisa da turizmis

ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi

el.sadguris tipi S4 xudoni +1namaxvani +2hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0


qari -1

S5. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze zegavlena

rezervuarebi ar axdenen uaryofiT zegavlenas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze. amgvarad, xudoni, namaxvanis kaskadi, faravani, saSualo da

mcire hesebi ar axdenen uaryofiT zegavlenas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze.

qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebs gaaCniaT uaryofiTi zegavlena adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze. zemoqmedeba Sedegia adre aRniSnuli efeqtebisa:

Slakisa da nacris nawilakebiT haeri dabinZureba (gansakuTrebiT sadguris

maxloblobaSi), SO2 da NOx gamoyofa, romelic iwvevs egreTwodebul mJava

wvimebs, mikroklimatis mdgomareobis gauareseba – es mxolod nawilia

uayofiTi efeqtebisa. es zemoqmedeba CaiTvala rogorc mcire uaryofiTi

zemoqmedeba.

qaris sadgurebs agreTve gaaCniaT garkveuli uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba, imis gamo,

rom vibracia da xmauri arasasiamovnoa da SeiZleba saSiSic iyos sadguris

axlos mcxovrebi mosaxleobisaTvis. miuxedavad amisa zegavlena SedarebiT

mcirea da qvekriteriumi SeiZleba CaiTvalos rogorc mcire.

cxrili 8.25. qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi – adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze zegavlena

el.sadguris tipi S5 xudoni 0namaxvani 0hidro

faravani 0Ggazi 0


qari 0



253

qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.26 da naxazze 8-4. pirveli

qvekritriumi S1, romelic exeba mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas ufro

mniSvnelovania vidre sxvebi. amis gamo am qvekriteriumis mniSvnelobebi

gamravlebulia orze da mere Sejamebulia sxvebTan.

cxrili 8.26. socialuri qvekriteriumi mniSvnelobebi TiToeuli proeqtisaTvis

el.sadguris tipi S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Sumxudoni -2 2 = -4 0 +1 +1 0 -2 namaxvani -1 2 = -2 -1 0 +2 0 -1 hidro

faravani 0 0 0 0 0 0Ggazi 0 0 0 0 0 0

qvanaxSiri 0 -1 0 -2 -1 -4 mcire hesebi 0 0 0 0 0 0

qari 0 0 0 -1 0 -1

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

Khudoni Namakhvani Paravani Gas Coal sHPP wind

Sum

mar

ized

Soc

ial I

mpa

ct o

f Diff

eren

t Pro

ject

s

naxazi 8-4. sxvadasxva proeqtebis socialuri zegavlenebis jami

eleqtrosadgurebis socialuri zegavlenis mniSvnelobebi Sejamebulia TiToeuli

alternativisaTvis. am sidideebs uaryofiTi mniSvnelobebi aqvT, rac

rekomendirebuli ar aris mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebisTvis. swored amitom es

sidideebi gadayvanil iqna dadebiT sidideebSi 2 erTeuliT gadidebuli

maqsimaluri uaryofiTi mniSvnelobis damatebiT. socialuri zegavlenis

kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis mocemulia cxrilSi

8.27 da naxazze 8-5.

cxrili 8.27. socialuri zegavlenis kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi TiToeuli

alternativisaTvis

alternativa hidro gazi naxS. mcire qari jami SOC



254

Kxudoni Nnamaxvani Pfaravani hesebi

Bsabazo -2 -1 0 0 -3 3A1r -1 0 0 0 -1 -2 4A2 -2 -1 0 -3 3A3 0 0 6A4 -2 0 0 -2 4A5 -1 0 0 -1 5A6 -4 -4 2

-4

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

Sum

mar

ized

Soc

ial I

mpa

ct o

f Diff

eren

t Alte

rnat

ives

BaseCase A1r A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

naxazi 8-5. Sejamebuli socialuri zegavlena sxvadasxva alternativisaTvis

9 garemoze zemoqmedebis da 5 socialuri qvekriteriumis zemoTgansazRvruli

mniSvnelobebi kandidati proeqtebis sabaziso teqnikur da ekonomikur

maxasiaTeblebTan erTad Sejamebulia cxrilSi 8.28; arCeuli ganviTarebis

alternativebis jamuri integrirebuli maxasiaTeblebi ki mocemulia cxrilSi

8.29.



255

nxrili 8.28. kandidati proeqtebis Sejamebuli maxasiaTeblebi

gazi

150mgvt

importir.

naxSiri

300mgvt

xudonhesi namaxvanis

kaskadi

faravani

hesi

mcire hesebi

10mgvt-ze

naklebi

mcire

hesebi 10-

50mgvt

Soris

qaris

sadgurebi

sadguris

simZlavre (mgvt) 150 300 638 450 123 5 25 9

saSualo

generacia (gvtsT) 1328 1678 440 22 99 27

kapitaluri

danaxarji

(mil.US$) 150 428 604 641 113 15 67.5 14.4

kapitaluri

danaxarji

(US$/kv) 1042 1562 947 1424 919 3000 2700 1600

mSeneblobis

periodi (weli) 3 4 5 4/5/4 3 2 3 2

SesaZlo gaSvebis

weli 2011 2011 2013 2013 2013 2011 2011 2011

zemoqmedebis qveS

myofi farTobi

ugulebe

lsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebel

sayofi ugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

klimatis

cvlilebaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryof

iTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebelsa

yofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

haeris

dabinZurebaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofi

Ti

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebelsa

yofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

hidrologiur

reJimebze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebel

sayofi mcire uaryofiTi

ugulebelsayo

fi

wylis xarisxze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryof

iTi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

vegetaciaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryof

iTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

faunaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryof

iTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebel


mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

landsaftze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebelsa

yofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

ugulebel


mcire

uaryofiTi

energiis

wyaroebis

ganaxlebadoba

ara ara diax diax diax diax diax

mosaxleobis

gadasaxlebaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

mniSvnelov

nad

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

sof. meurneobis

warmoebaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebelsa

yofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

satransporto

infrastruqturaz

e zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

mcire

dadebiTi

ugulebelsayo

fi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi

rekreaciasa da

turizmze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

mcire

dadebiTi

mniSvnelovna

d dadebiTi

ugulebel


mcire

uaryofiTi

mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebelsa

yofi

ugulebelsayo

fi

ugulebel


ugulebelsayo

fi



256

cxrili 8.29: SerCeuli ganviTarebis alternativebis Sejamebuli

intergirebuli maxasiaTeblebi

B A1R A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 SezRuduli

importi

ganaxlebadi importis

alternati

va

mxolod gazi mxolod

xudonhesi

mxolod

namaxvanis

kaskadi

mxolod

naxSiri

komb. cikl.

gaz-turbina

150 mgvt

xudonhesi 638 mgvt

namaxvanis

kaskadi

450 mgvt

faravani hesi 120 mgvt

naxSiri 300 mgvt

ganaxlebadi 495 mgvt

NPV (mil.US$) 2109 2224 1734 2156 2201 2132 1990

saoperacio

xarjebi (mil.US$) 1673 1642 1233 1895 1709 1674 1614

PREV (mil.US$) 245 274 163 173 259 244 173

CO2gamosxiveba (1000t) 20304 22671 9630 26675 21396 20490 45259

eleqtroenerg

iis importi mcire mcireZalian

didi mcire mcire mcire mcire

energousafrT

xoebis rangi

1-umcires

8-udidesi

4.2 4.7 8 1 3.7 4.1 3

jamuri

dadebiTi

garemoze

zemoqmedeba

2- umcires

7- udidesi

2.7 3.7 6 7 5.8 4.8 2

jamuri

dadebiTi

socialuri

zegavlena

2- umcires

6- udidesi

3 4 3 6 4 5 2

kargi

dadebiTi

Sualeduri



257

cudi

mavnebeli

8.3. mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis Sedegebi

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis meTodologia aRwerilia danarTSi da

ranJireba ganxorcielebulia ICOR programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT.

Svidi alternativa gaanalizda da gaukeTda ranJireba:

sabazo - gvTavazobs 4 axali gazze momuSave Tbosadguris, xudonis,

namaxvanis kaskadis da faravani hesis mSeneblobebs;

A1r - gvTavazobs 4 axali gazze momuSave Tbosadguris, namaxvanis

kaskadis, faravani hesis, garkveuli raodenobis mcire hesebis da

qaris sadguris mSeneblobebs;

A2 - gvTavazobs mxolod axali hidrosadgurebis (xudoni, namaxvanis

kaskadi da faravani) mSeneblobebs da eleqtroenergiis gacvlas

mezobel qveynebTan;

A3 - gvTavazobs 6 axali gazze momuSave Tbosadguris mSeneblobas

(hidrosadgurebis gareSe);

A4 - gvTavazobs 5 axali gazze momuSave Tbosadguris da xudonhesis

mSeneblobas;

A5 - gvTavazobs 5 axali gazze momuSave Tbosadguris da namaxvanis

kaskadis mSeneblobas (3 axali hidrosadguri); da

A6 - gvTavazobs 3 axali qvanaxSirze momuSave Tbosadguris

mSeneblobas.

alternativebis mravalkriteriumiani ranJireba Catarda 8 kriteriumis

gamoyenebiT (ixile cxrili 8.30), romlebic detaluradaa aRwerili wina

TavSi:

NPV - yvela investiciis, ganviTarebis da 2021 wlamde saqarTvelos

energosistemis operirebis saoperacio xarjebis mTliani wminda

mimdinare Rirebuleba (mil. US$) OPC - yvela saoperacio xarjebis da 2021 wlamde saqarTvelos

energosistemis operirebis mTliani wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba

(mil. US$) IMP - eleqtroenergiis importis indikatori (-)

CO2 - CO2-s gamoyofa 2007-2021 wlebSi (1000t)

REL - energousafrTxoeba – energosawvavis mowodebis saimedooba (-)

ENV - ganviTarebis alternativebis jamuri ekologiuri zemoqmedeba (-)

SOC - ganviTarebis alternativebis jamuri socialuri zemoqmedeba (-)

PREV - eleqtroenergiis eqsportirebis potenciali 2007-2021 wlebSi

(mil. US$).

ganmartebuli rva kriteriumis mniSvnelobebi TiToeuli Svidi alternatividan

da eqstremizacis funqciebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.30.



258

oTx kriteriums aqvs ganzomileba (ekonomikuri mniSvneloba (fuli), CO2 –s gamoyofa, potenciuri Semosavali eqsportirebuli eleqtroenergiidan). sxva

oTxi kriteriumi ganzomilebis gareSea. IMP kritriumi asaxavs

eleqtroenergiis importis saWiroebas. is gansazRvrulia importirebuli

eleqtroenergiis realuri mniSvnelobebis safuZvelze. radganac igi aris

mxolod alternativaSi A2 (saSualo sididiT 911.9 gvtsT/weli), am

kriteriumis mniSvneloba gansazRvrulia formiT (0,1), sadac 0 asaxavs

SemTxvevas, roca ar xdeba eleqtroenergiis importi (an importi mcirea), da 1

asaxavs didi raodenobiT eleqtroenergiis importis saWiroebas. sxva sami

uganzomilebo kriteriumebi ganisazRvrebian (ranJirebas ganicdian) detaluri

gamokvlevis Semdeg, rogorc es adre iyo aRwerili: [1-10] skalaze

energousafrTxoebis SemTxvevaSi, [2-6] socialuri zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi da

[2-7] garemoze zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi. faqts, rom kriteriumebis umetesoba

sruliad obieqturia (realuri sidideebi) mivyavarT mravalkriteriumiani

ranJirebis Sedegebis did saimedoobaze.

cxrili 8.30: kriteriumebis mniSvnelobebi sxvadasxva alternativebis

SemTxvevaSi da eqstremizaciis funqcia

kriteriumebi

NPV OPCOST IMP CO2 REL ECO SOC PREValternativa

mil. US$ mil. US$ - 1000 t - - - mil. US$

B (sabazo) 2109 1673 0 20304 4.2 2.7 3 245

A1r 2224 1642 0 22671 4.7 3.7 4 274A2 1734 1233 1 9630 8 6 3 163A3 2156 1895 0 26675 1 7 6 173A4 2201 1709 0 21396 3.7 5.8 4 259A5 2132 1674 0 20490 4.1 4.8 5 243A6 1990 1614 0 45259 3 2 2 173

eqstr. funq. min min min min max max max max

oTx kriteriums aqvs ganzomileba (ekonomikuri mniSvneloba (fuli), CO2 –s gamoyofa, potenciuri Semosavali eqsportirebuli eleqtroenergiidan). sxva

oTxi kriteriumi ganzomilebis gareSea. IMP kritriumi asaxavs

eleqtroenergiis importis saWiroebas. is gansazRvrulia importirebuli

eleqtroenergiis realuri mniSvnelobebis safuZvelze. radganac igi aris

mxolod alternativaSi A2 (saSualo sididiT 911.9 gvtsT/weli), am

kriteriumis mniSvneloba gansazRvrulia formiT (0,1), sadac 0 asaxavs

Semtxvevas, roca ar xdeba eleqtroenergiis importi (an importi mcirea), da 1

asaxavs didi raodenobiT eleqtroenergiis importis saWiroebas. sxva sami

uganzomilebo kriteriumebi ganisazRvrebian (RanJirebas ganicdian) detaluri

gamokvlevis Semdeg, rogorc es adre iyo aRwerili: [1-10] skalaze

energousafrTxoebis SemTxvevaSi, [2-6] socialuri zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi da

[2-7] garemoze zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi. faqts, rom kriteriumebis umetesoba



259

sruliad obieqturia (realuri sidideebi) mivyavarT mravalkriteriumiani

ranJirebis Sedegebis did saimedoobaze.

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis procesis mniSvnelovani safexuria TiToeuli

kriteriumisaTvis woniTi koeficientebis gansazRvra. es yovelTvis

xorcieldeba sxvadasxva woniTi koeficientebis erTobliobebis ganmartebiT.

pirveli da Zalian mniSvnelovani ranJirebis varianti aris SemTxveva, rova

yvela varianti Tavisi mniSvnelobiT erTnairia – aqvT erTidaigive wona. es

ranJireba aRiniSneba rogorc R1 da Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.31.

mogvianebiT, ranJireba ganxorcielda sxvadasxva woniTi koeficientebiT.

zogierT ranJirebaSi ufro didi mniSvneloba mieniWa ekologiur kriteriums

(R2 da R4). gansakuTebuli mniSvneloba agreTve mieniWa CO2 gamoyofas, rogorc

saTburi gazs (ranJirebis procesis dros iwodeboda rogorc “kiotos

varianti”). zogierT ranJirebaSi ufro meti mniSvneloba mieniWa fulTan

dakavSirebul kriteriumebs (ranJireba R3). R5 ranJireba ufro did

mniSvnelobas aniWebs sistemis energousafrTxoebis kriteriums sawvavis

bazarze gaurkvevlobis pirobebSi, roca bunebrivi airis da qvanaxSiris

importi da eqsporti garTulebulia.

ranJirebis procesSi Sesdrulda 20-ze meti sxvadasxva ranJireba, sxvadasxva

woniTi koeficientebiT (w) da zogierT alternativaSi kriteriumis Secvlili

koeficientebiT (gansakuTrebiT Semowmda mgrZnobiaroba kriteriumis Zalian

did da Zalian mcire mniSvnelobebisadmi). yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo

alternativebis ranJireba kkompromisuli ranJirebis siiT, im faqtis gamo, rom

kompromisuli gadawyvetileba yvelaze axlosaa “idealurTan” (kompromisuli

ranJirebis siis detaluri axsna mocemulia meTodologiis aRweraSi). es

Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi 8.24. magram, Sedegebis stabilurobis gansazRvris

mizniT gaanalizda minmaqs strategiis (idealuri wertilidan udidesi

gadaxris minimumi) da kriteriumTa umetesobis dakmayofilebis strategiis

(udidesi jgufuri sargeblis kriteriumi) ranJirebis siebic.

gadawyvetilebis misaRebad arCul iqna xuTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani ranJirebis

scenari, kriteriumebis sxvadasxva woniTi koeficientebiT, da maTi Sedegebi


cxrili 8.31. mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis Sedegebi woniTi koeficientebis

sxvadasxva jgufebisaTvis, kompromisuli ranJirebis siis mixedviT (yvelaze

meti upiratesobis mqone aalternativebi gamuqebulia)

kriteriumebis woniTi koeficientebi rangi NPV OPC IMP CO2 REL ECO SOC PREV ranJirebis sia

R1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A5 B,A4,A2,A1r,A3,A6

R2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 A2,A5,A4 A1r,A3,B,A6

R3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 A5,B A4,A2,A1r,A6,A3

R4 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1r,A3,B,A6



260

R5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1r,B,A3,A6

mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis procesSi Sedegebma migviyvanes garkveuli

wesebis arsebobamde. gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis Semdegi daskvnebi

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania:

SesaZlebelia alternatiebis ori jgufis gamoyofa: (a) is

alternativebi, romelTa umetesoba gaanalizirebuli ranJirebis

procesebSi saukeTesoni iyvnen, da romlebic ranJirebis siis saTaveSi

iyvnen ganTavsebulni da damokidebulni iyvnen mxolod kriteriumebis

woniT koeficientebze. es alternativebia A5 (5 cali gazze momuSave

Tbosadguri, namaxvanis kaskadi da faravnis hesi), A2 (namaxvani, xudoni, faravanis hesi da didi raodenobiT eleqtroenergiis importi) da A4 (5 cali gazze momuSave Tbosadguri, xudoni da faravanis hesi). (b) is

alternativebi, romlebic umetesoba gaanalizirebuli ranJirebis

procesebSi ganTavsebulni iyvnen siis bolo or adgilas: A6 (qvanaxSiris

Tbosadguri) – rogorc wesi ranJirebis siis bolo adgilzea da

alternativa A3 (mxolod gazze momuSave Tbosadgurebi).

adre moyvanili daskvna alternativebis dajgufebis Sesaxeb stabiluri

iyo yvela samive ranJirebis strategiisaTvis: kompromisuli ranJirebis

siisaTvis – yvelaze mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis, minmaqs

strategiisavis da strategiisaTvis, romelic akmayofilebs

kriteriumebis umetesobas. icvleboda mxolod alternativebis pozicia

ranJirebis siaSi, magram isini yovelTvis ekuTvnodnen aRweril jgufs.

erTnairi woniTi koeficientebis (R1) SemTxvevaSi alternativa A5 (5

gazze momuSave Tbosadguri, namaxvanis hesi da faravnis hesi) pirvel

adgilzea kompromisuli ranJirebis siaSi da minmaqs strategiis dros,

maSin roca is meore adgilzea (A2 Semdeg) kriteriumebis umetesobis

damakmayofilebeli strategiis mixedviT.

im SemTxvevaSi, roca CO2 gamoyofas ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

(kiotos protokolis Tanaxmad) da woniTi koeficientia w=3, xolo

sxva garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumi (ENV) Sewonilia koeficinetiT

w=2 (R2 ranJireba) alternativa A2 adis pirvel poziciaze da mas

mohyveba alternativebi A5 da A4. A2 alternativas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi

upiratesoba or sxva alternativasTan SedarebiT da amgvarad samive

erTad gamoyofilia sxvebisagan kompromisul ranJirebis siaSi. es sami

alternativa ar mdebareobs pirvel poziciaze yvela sam ranJirebis

siaSi. es aris stabiluri gadawyvetileba, radganac igive Sedegebi

(ranJirebis siebi) miiReba Tu CO2 –s woniTi koeficienti icvleba

sididiT w=2. roca udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialur

kriteriumebs (R4 da R5) Sedegebi igive rCeba, rac iyo R2 ranJirebis

SemTxvevaSi, mxolod icvleba alternativebis dakavebuli adgilebi:

alternativa A5 aris pirvel adgilze, romelsac mohyveba alternativebi



261

A4 da A2. ranJirebis siebi scenarebisTvis R2 da R5 sakmaod logikuria da

mosalodneli iyo, rom alternativebi, romlic Seicaven CO2 maRal

gamosxivebas nakleb Sefasebas iReben, xolo hesebi ufro win dganan am

SemTxvevaSi.

erTaderTi SemTxveva, roca alternativa A6 (qvanaxSirze momuSave

Tbosadguri) ar aris bolo poziciaze (magram amave dros ar imyofeba

pirvel sameuls Soris) kompromisul ranJirebis siaSi, aris SemTxveva,

roca ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba fulis kriteriums: srul

investicias (NPV), mTlian wminda mimdinare Rirebulebas (COS), eleqtroenergiis imports da eqsports (IMP da PREV Sesabamisad).

aseTi scenari sainteresoa bankebis poziciidan. am scenarSi (ranJireba

R3) alternativebi A5 da B arian kompromisuli ranJirebis siis pirvel

or poziciaze.

gaanalizirebuli scenarebis safuZvelze SeiZleba Camoyalibdes Semdegi

daskvnebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis:

alternativebi A6 (mxolod naxSirze momuSave Tbosadgurebi) da A3 (mxolod axali gazze momuSave sadgurebi) unda gamoiricxon da ar

unda monawileobdnen gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, radganac isini

TiTqmis yvela scenarSi bolo adgilze imyofebian.

alternativa A2 (mxolod axali hesebi) saukeTesoa scenarebSi, roca

garemoze zemoqmedebis kriteriumebs didi mniSvneloba eniWebaT (R2). scenarebSi, roca fuls eniWeba didi mniSvneloba (R3) alternativa B (sabazo) (4 gazze momuSave Tbosadguri da yvela axali hesebi)

warmoadgens saukeTeso kompromisuli gadawyvetilebis erTobliobas,

magram mxolod alternativa A5–s Semdeg. yvela warmodgenil ranJirebaSi alternativa A1R (romelic moicavs

mcire hesebs da qaris sadgurebs) ranJirebiT dgas A5, A4 da A2 -didi hesebis alternativebis Semdeg.

aRwerili Sedegebi (daskvnebi) stabiluria woniTi koeficientebis

cvlilebis mimarT, iseve rogorc REL, ENV da SOC kriteriumebis mniSvnelobebis cvlilebis mimarT. Catarda sxvadasxva ranJireba

(realurad Secvlili koeficientebisaTvis) da alternativebi A5, A4 daA2 umetes ranJirebebSi pirvel poziciebze imyofebian, icvleba mxolod

poziciebi erTmaneTuis mimarT kompromisul ranJirebis siaSi.



262

9. daskvnebi

am kvlevaSi gaanalizirebuli SesaZlo variantebi, romlebmac SeiZleba

uzrunvelyon saqarTvelos energosistemis saimedo momarageba, mdgomareobs

SemdegSi:

gazis kombinirebuli ciklis 150mgvt simZlavris sadgurebi

didi hidrosadgurebi (xudoni, faravani da namaxvanis kaskadi)

importirebul da adgilobriv qvanaxSirze momuSave 300mgvt simZlavris

sadgurebi.

sxvadasxva zomis atomuri eleqtrosadgurebi

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebi, romelsic Sedis mcire 50mgvt-ze naklebi

simZlavris hidrosagurebi, qaris sadgurebi, geoTermul da biomasebze

momuSave eleqtrosadgurebi.

eleqtroenergiis importi zamTris periodSi da hidrosadgurebze

generirebuli Warbi eleqtroenergiis eqsporti zafxulis periodSi.

generaciis gafarToebis umciresi danaxarjebis dagegmvis meTodis ZiriTadi

Sedegebi miRebulia eleqtroenergiaze sabaziso moTxovnilebis prognozisaTvis

(3% saSualo zrda dagegmvis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi) da airis fasze

sabaziso daSvebebis (230 US$/1000m3) gaTvaliswinebiT. mgrZnoabiarobis

analizi Catarda eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis ori eqstremaluri

prognozis SemTxvevaSi – dabali (2.5% saSualo zrda) da maRali (5%

saSualo zrda) da aseve gazis Rirebulebis ori eqstremaluri daSvebisaTvis

– dabali (147 US$/1000m3) da maRali (611 US$/1000m3).

yvelaze mimzidveli proeqtebis teqnikuri da ekeonomikuri maxasiaTebelebis

mxedvelobaSi miRebis Sedegad, dagenerirda da analizi gaukeTda ganviTarebis

winaswari Sefaseba efuZneba yvela SesaZlo variantis teqnikur da ekonomikur

maxasiaTeblebs da iZleva saqarTvelos energosistemis mizanSewonili da yvelaze

imedismomcemi gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebis sias:

gazis kombinirebuli ciklis 150mgvt simZlavris sadgurebi

didi hidrosadgurebi (xudoni, faravani da namaxvanis kaskadi)

importirebul qvanaxSirze momuSave 300mgvt simZlavris sadgurebi.

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebi, romelsic Sedis mcire 50mgvt-ze

naklebi simZlavris hidrosagurebi da qaris sadgurebi 495mgvt 2021

wels; da

eleqtroenergiis importi zamTris periodSi da hidrosadgurebze

generirebuli Warbi eleqtroenergiis eqsporti zafxulis periodSi.

es proeqtebi Sefasda garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri aspeqtebis

TvalsazrisiT da Sefasebis Sedegebi moyvanilia cxrilSi 9.1.



263

mraval sxvadasxva alternativas saimedo da umciresi Rirebulebis

eleqtroenergiis mowodebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTveloSi 2007-2021 wlebSi

eleqtroenergiaze prognozirebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. rogorc am

analizis Sedegi, generaciis TiToeuli alternativisaTvis miRebul iqna

ZiriTadi teqnikuri da ekonomikuri indeqsebi. amas garda, yvelaze mimzidveli

proeqtebis SemTxvevaSi garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri aspeqtebis

Catarebuli Sefaseba warmoadgenda safuZvels ganviTarebis alternativebis

garemosdacviTi da socialuri indeqsebis gansazRvrisaTvis.

yvela es indeqsi (rogorc mocemulia cxrilSi 9.2) gamouenebul iqna

alternativebis intergrirebuli SefasebisTvis, romlis drosac arCeuli

alternativisaTvis mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi

da socialuri aspeqtebi.



264

cxrili 9.1 kandidati proeqtebis Sejamebuli maxasiaTeblebi

gazi

150mgvt

importir.

naxSiri

300mgvt

xudonhesi namaxvanis

kaskadi

faravani

hesi

mcire hesebi

10mgvt-ze

naklebi

mcire

hesebi 10-

50mgvt

Soris

qaris

sadgurebi

sadguris

simZlavre (mgvt) 144 274 638 450 123 5 25 9

saSualo

generacia

(gvtsT)

1328 1568 440 22 99 27

kapitaluri

danaxarji

(mil.US$) 150 428 604 641 113 15 67.5 14.4

kapitaluri

danaxarji

(US$/kv) 1042 1562 947 1424 919 3000 2700 1600

mSeneblobis

periodi (weli) 3 4 5 4/5/4 3 2 3 2

SesaZlo

gaSvebis weli 2011 2011 2013 2013 2013 2011 2011 2011

zemoqmedebis

qveS myofi

farTobi

ugulebel

sayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

klimatis

cvlilebaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofiT

i

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

haeris

dabinZurebaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofiTi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

hidrologiur

reJimebze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofimcire uaryofiTi

ugulebelsay

ofi

wylis xarisxze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofiTi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

vegetaciaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofiT

i

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

faunaze

zemoqmedeba

mcire

uaryofiT

i

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

landsaftze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebel

sayofi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

energiis

wyaroebis

ganaxlebadoba

ara ara diax diax diax diax diax

mosaxleobis

gadasaxlebaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

mniSvnelov

nad

uaryofiTi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

sof. meurneobis

warmoebaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

satransporto

infrastruqtur

aze zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

mcire

dadebiTi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

rekreaciasa da

turizmze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mniSvnelovna

d uaryofiTi

mcire

dadebiTi

mniSvnelovna

d dadebiTi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

mosaxleobis

janmrTelobaze

zemoqmedeba

ugulebe

lsayofi

mcire

uaryofiTi

ugulebels

ayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi

ugulebels

ayofiugulebelsayofi

ugulebelsay

ofi



265

cxrili 9.2. SerCeuli ganviTarebis alternativebis Sejamebuli

intergirebuli maxasiaTeblebi

B A1R A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 SezRuduli

importi

ganaxlebadi importis

alternati

va

mxolod gazi mxolod

xudonhesi

mxolod

namaxvanis

kaskadi

mxolod

naxSiri

komb. cikl.

gaz-turbina

150 mgvt

xudonhesi 638 mgvt

namaxvanis

kaskadi

450 mgvt

faravani hesi 120 mgvt

naxSiri 300 mgvt

ganaxlebadi 495 mgvt

NPV (mil.US$) 2109 2224 1734 2156 2201 2132 1990

saoperacio

xarjebi (mil.US$) 1673 1642 1233 1895 1709 1674 1614

PREV (mil.US$) 245 274 163 173 259 244 173

CO2gamosxiveba (1000t) 20304 22671 9630 26675 21396 20490 45259

eleqtroenerg

iis importi mcire mcireZalian

didi mcire mcire mcire mcire

energousafrT

xoebis rangi

1-umcires

8-udidesi

4.2 4.7 8 1 3.7 4.1 3

jamuri

dadebiTi

garemoze

zemoqmedeba

2- umcires

7- udidesi

2.7 3.7 6 7 5.8 4.8 2

jamuri

dadebiTi

socialuri

zegavlena

2- umcires

6- udidesi

3 4 3 6 4 5 2

kargi

dadebiTi

Sualeduri

cudi

mavnebeli



266

9.2 cxrilis moyvanili indeqsebis safuZvelze konsultantma Caatara

mravalkriteriumiani ranJireba 7 amorCeuli alternativis SemTxvevaSi da

mxedvelobaSi miiRo ekonomikuri, garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri

kriteriumebi TiToeuli alternativisaTvis; aseve zogierTi kriteriumisaTvis

gamoiyena sxvadasxva woniTi koeficientebi. Sejamebuli Sedegebi mocemulia

cxrilSi 9.3.

cxrili 9.3 mravalkriteriumiani ranJirebis Sedegebi woniTi koeficientebis

sxvadasxva jgufebisaTvis, kompromisuli ranJirebis siis micedviT (yvelaze

meti upiratesobis mqone aalternativebi gamuqebulia)

kriteriumebis woniTi koeficientebi rangi NPV OPC IMP CO2 REL ECO SOC PREV ranJirebis sia

R1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A5 B,A4,A2,A1r,A3,A6

R2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 A2,A5,A4 A1r,A3,B,A6

R3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 A5,B A4,A2,A1r,A6,A3

R4 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1r,A3,B,A6

R5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 A5,A4,A2 A1r,B,A3,A6

gaanalizirebul alternativebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba gavakeToT Semdegi

Sejameba:

amJamad saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebaa pikuri

datvirTvisas 1591gvt da wliuri moxmarebaa 8167mgvtsT. igi gaizrdeba

pikSi 2248-dan 3150mgvt-mde xolo wliuri moxmareba iqneba 11540-dan

16170 gvtsT SualedSi.

amjamad sruli moxmarebis 70%-ze meti ifareba

hidroeleqtrosadgurebidan. arsebobs hidroenergiis Zalian didi

potenciali, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas hidrosadgurebis

aSenebiT, romelTa simZlavre iqneba 0.1mgvt-dan 100mgvt-ze meti. aseve

arsebobs sxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebis mniSvnelovani potenciali, magram

hesebis Semdeg yvelaze mimzidvelia qaris sadgurebi.

cvalebadi hidrologiis gamo, zamTris Tveebis periodSi hidroenergiis

genracia Zlier SezRudulia da Warbi energiis generacias aqvs adgili

zafxulis TveebSi. es qmnis zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis importis

saWiroebas.

eleqtroenergiis garda saqarTvelo eweva bunebrivi airis imports,

romelic amJamad gamoiyeneba eleqtroenergiis generaciisaTvis arsebul

Tbosadgurebze. bunebrivi airis garda, momavalSi asaSenebeli

Tbosadgurebi SeiZleba iyvnen qvanaxSirze momuSaveni, romlebic

gamoiyeneben importirebul da adgilobriv qvanaxSirs. arsebobs

qvanaxSiris maragebi (ZiriTadad tyibuli-Saoris maRaroebi), magram

amJamad mopoveba imdenad ar aris ganviTarebuli, rom uzrunvelyos

300mgvt TbosadurisaTvis saWiro raodenobis qvanaxSiris miwodeba.



267

gegmebSi, romlebic moicaven adgilobriv qvanaxSirze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobas, frTxilad unda iqnas gaanalizirebuli

sawvavis mowodebis sakiTxebi.



268

naxazi 9-1. kandidati proeqtebi



269

saqarTvelos energosistemisaTvis Semdgomi 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi

yvelaze imedismomcemi proeqtebis (ix naxazi 9-1) da ganviTarebis

alternativebis integrirebuli Sefasebis Sedegad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:

alternativebi, romlebic moicaven mxolod gazze an qvanaxSirze

momuSave Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobas yvelaze dabal poziciaze

dganan SerCeul alternativebs Soris.

ganviTarebis yvela alternativa, romelic moicavs

hidrosadgurebs gulisxmobs faravnis hesis mSeneblobas, rogorc

pirveli sadgurisa, romelic unda gaeSvas 2013 wels.

im alternativebis ganviTareba, romelic gulisxmobs namaxvanis

kaskadis CarTvas saqarTvelos energosistemaSi 2013-2015 wlebSi

(aalternativa 5) warmoadgens yvelaze stabilur alternativas,

radganac ranJirebis yvela scenarSi is Sedis saukeTeso

alternativebis jgufSi (pirvel an meore poziciaze ranJirebis

yvela siaSi)

ganviTarebis im alternativebis rangi, romlebic moicaven

xudonhesis CarTvas saqarTvelos energosistemaSi 2013 wels

(alternativa 4) analogiuria alternativa 5-is rangisa, magram

cota ufro dabalia TiTqmis yvela ranJirebis siaSi, ZiriTadad

imitom, rom gaaCnia cotaTi naklebi ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebi

alternativa 5-Tan SedarebiT.

ganviTarebis alternativebi, romelic gulisxmobs yvela

gaanalizirebuli hidrosadguris CarTvas saqarTvelos

energosistemaSi 2013-2015 wels da eleqtroenergiis intensiur

gacvlas mezobel qveynebTan (alternativa 2) warmoadgens

saukeTeso ganviTarebis alternativas, roca garemoze zemoqmedebis

da socialurs kriteriumebs did mniSvneloba eniWebaT.

ranJirebis scenarebSi, roca ekonomikur, finansur da aseve

saimedoobis da energomomaragebis kritetiumebs did mniSvneloba

eniWebaT, ganviTarebis alternativa, romelic moicavs mxolod

namaxvanis kaskadis mSeneblobas (alternativa 5) kvlav

saukeTesoa, magram mniSvnelovani upiratesobis gareSe im

alternativTan SedarebiT, romelic gulisxmobs gazze momuSave

Tbosadgurebis mSeneblobas da gaanalizirebuli hidrosadgurebis

TandaTanobiT CarTvas saqarTvelos energosistemaSi 2013-2020

wlebSi (ssabazo), romelic imyofeba kompromisuli ranJirebis siis

meore adgilze.

ganviTarebis alternativas (aalternativa 1 ganaxlebadi), romelic

moicavs mcire hesebis da qaris sadgurebis proeqtebis

TandaTanobiT ganxorcielebas weliwadSi 44mgvt simZlavriT 2015

wlamde periodSi da weliwadSi 55mgvt simZlavriT 2015 wlis

Semdeg, dasWirdeba Zlieri mxardaWera mTavrobis da sxva

Sesabamisi institutebis mxridan im mizniT, rom moxdes aseTi

proeqtebis ekonomikuri Sefasebis gakeTeba. dainteresebisa da am

proeqtebis specialuri statusis gareSe, ganaxlebadi proeqtebi

ganviTarebis alternativebi, romelic gulisxmobs yvela

gaanalizirebuli hidrosadguris CarTvas saqarTvelos

energosistemaSi 2013-2015 wels da eleqtroenergiis intensiur

gacvlas mezobel qveynebTan (alternativa 2) warmoadgens

saukeTeso ganviTarebis alternativas, roca garemoze zemoqmedebis

da socialurs kriteriumebs did mniSvneloba eniWebaT.

ganviTarebis im alternativebis rangi, romlebic moicaven

xudonhesis CarTvas saqarTvelos energosistemaSi 2013 wels

(alternativa 4) analogiuria alternativa 5-is rangisa, magram

cota ufro dabalia TiTqmis yvela ranJirebis siaSi, ZiriTadad

imitom, rom gaaCnia cotaTi naklebi ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebi

alternativa 5-Tan SedarebiT.



270

Znelad ipovian Tavis adgils saqarTvelos energosistemis

momaval ganviTarebaSi.



271

10. riskebis Sefaseba

generaciis ganviTarebis warmodgenili gegmebi da saqarTvelos energosistemis

eleqtroenergiiT momaragebis strategiuli grZelvadiani politika moicavs

Semdeg upiratesobebs: energosistemis eleqtrousafrTxoebas, ekonomikur

efeqturobas da garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialur usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs.

cxadia, rom am Zlier mniSvnelovani

daSvebebis cvlilebebs mivyavarT

generaciis gafarToebis sxvadasxva

gegmebTan da ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

strategiul gadawyvetilebebTan.

Catarda ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

daSvebebis mgrZnobiaribis analizi im

mizniT, rom Seswavliliyo

mniSvnelovani daSvebebis mosalodnel

farglebSi cvlilebebis SesaZlo

zegavlenebi.

Cven gvjera, rom am kvlevaSi mocemuli

ganviTarebis gegmebi unda gadaixedos da

Seswordes yovel or weliwadSi.

yoveli Sesworebisas mxedvelobaSi unda

iqna miRebuli is qmedebebi, romelic

ganxorcielda gasul periodSi (mag.

axali sadgurebis detaluri Seswavlis

Sedegebi, reabilitaciis gegmebi,

proeqtis kontraqtebi, SesaZlo axali

kandidati proeqtebi).

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebi

prognozi agreTve unda ganaxldes

yovel or weliwadSi. roca Catardeba

ufro detaluri kvleva, Sedegebi warmodgenili unda iqnas maTi Sedarebis

mizniT.

unda warmoebdes momavali proeqtebis aRwera da Tanmxlevi monacemebis

Segroveba sxva saWiro informaciasTan erTad, rom isini Setanil iqnas

kandidati proeqtebis siaSi. aRwera unda ganaxldes proeqtebis Sesaxeb

damatebiTi informaciiT, rogorc ki maTi mopoveba SesaZlebeli gaxdeba.

saqarTvelos energosistemis momaval ganviTarebas mxardaWera unda hqondes

iuridiuli da maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis gaumjobesebiT.

strategiuli gadawyvetilebani efuZneba

iseTi mniSvnelovani daSvebebis

erTobliobas, rogoricaa:

eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis

prognozi 2007-2021 wlebSi,

nagulisxmevi wliuri nazrdiT 3%

(sabazo moTxovnileba);

import/esqportis fasi 35US$/mgvtsT doneze; bunebrivi airis fasi 230 US$/1000m3 doneze; garemoze zemoqmedebis da

socialuri zegavlenebis Sefaseba

sxvadasxva alternativebisaTvis;

gansazRvruli misaRebi zomebi

garemoze zemoqmedebis da

socialuri zegavlenis

Sesamsubuqeblad; da

maRali Zabvis gadamcemi qselis

gaZliereba rogorc es iyo

wamoyenebuli winaswar momzadebul

dokumentaciaSi.



272

saWiroa monitoringi gakeTdes im ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebisa, romlebsac

SeuZliaT mogvcen signali energosistemis ganviTarebis gegmebis cvlilebebis

Sesaxeb:

rogorc mimoxilvis Semadgeneli nawili da sainvesticio gegmis

ganaxleba - angariSi datvirTvis-resursebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, raTa

dadgindes xom ar moiTxovs sainvesticio procesi aCqarebas an

Senelebas.

garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis monitoringi da am

RoniZiebaTa xarjebi – imisTvis rom dadgindes ZalaSia Tu ara

gamoyenebuli daSvebebi, romelic SesaZlebelia Seicvalos zemoqmedebis

Seamasubuqebeli teqnikis ganviTarebis gamo.

sawvavis mowodebis riskebi (SesaZlebloba, fasebi)

qmedebebi, romelsac saqarTvelo amJamad anxorcielebs da ganaxorcielebs

momavali ori-sami wlis manZilze gansazRvravs energosistemis sainvesticio

gegmis warmatebas. mravali da xSirxSirad Catarebuli, iaffasiani Seswavlebi

Seamcireben gaurkvevlobebiT gamowveul riskebs, da gaaumjobeseben rogorc

axlo momavlis, ise grZelvadiani dagegmvis Sedegebs.



273

lliteratura:

saqarTvelos energosistemis wliuri angariSi 2005, ,

saqarTvelos qaris energiis atlasi, tomi 1, raionuli Sefasebebi,

qarenenero, 2004

saqarTvelos geoTermuli potencili 1997w.

xudonis garemoze da socialuri zemoqmedebebis Sefaseba, winaswari da

socialuri SerCeva, Sualeduri angariSi da angariSis proeqti, BRL, 2007w oqtomberi-noemberi

saqarTvelos energetikis saministos mrCevelis daxmareba: angariSis

proeqti: xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris

Sefasebiswina mimoxilva, 30 ivnisi, 2005w., versia 3.0 (USAID dafinansebiT, CORE International – konsultanti)

saqarTvelos energetikis saministos mrCevelis daxmareba: xudonis

hidroeleqtrosadguris Sefasebiswina mimoxilvis

damateba, 27 ivnisi, 2005, proeqti versia 1.2

xudonhesis danarTebi (ruqebi, naxazebi, suraTebi, daskanirebuli

dokumentebi da sxva)

regionaluri eleqtroenergiis gadamcemi sistemis

gafarToebis gegma kavkasiis qveynebisaTvis, meore Sualeduri

angariSi, 2007 wlis aprili, tomi 1- teqsti + damatebebi paragrafebi 6

– 8, Fichtner, germania;

2007 wlis aprilisa da maisis dRiuri eleqtruli balansebi

arsebuli hidrosadgurebis sia ZiriTadi naxazebiT (dasaxeleba,

simZlavre, dadgmuli simZlavre, gaSvebis weli, mflobeloba)

saqarTveloSi maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xzebis mSeneblobis

gaTvaliswinebuli proeqtebi

energetikuli politika saqarTveloSi, prezentacia, 2007

namaxvanis kaskadi hisdorsadgurebi, prezentacia, kuveiti, 2007 wlis 18

Tebervali

saqarTvelos kanoni eleqtroenergetikis inJineriisa

da bunebrivi airis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo energetikuli politikis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi (proeqti)

saqarTvelos parlamentis rezolucia saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos energetikis seqtorSi, inglisurad,

33 gverdi

saqarTvelos energoseqtoris strategiuli samoqmedo gegma 2005-2008,

inglisurad



274

saqarTvelos energoseqtoris “energetikuli balansi”:

nawili 1, analizi da winadadebebi

saqarTvelos energoseqtoris “energetikuli balansi”:

nawili 2, balansebi 1960 wlidan 2006 wlamde

saqarTvelos energetikuli balansi 2007-2017 - inglisurad

qveynis eleqtrosimZlavris balansi 2006-2015

bunebrivi gazis strategia saqarTvelosaTvis – nawili 1: analizi da

winadadebani – maisi, 2006

bunebrivi gazis strategia saqarTvelosaTvis – nawili 2: ekomomikuri da

geografiuli konteqsti - maisi, 2006, gv. 1-35

bunebrivi gazis strategia saqarTvelosaTvis – nawili 2: ekomomikuri da

geografiuli konteqsti - maisi, 2006, gv. 36-85

bunebrivi gazis strategia saqarTvelosaTvis – nawili 2: danarTi C - maisi,

2006

500kv gadamcemi xazis wina-SefasebiTi mimoxilva – samxreT saqarTvelo. versia

2.0 – 15 ivlisi, 2006. gv. 1-28

500kv gadamcemi xazis wina-SefasebiTi mimoxilva – samxreT saqarTvelo. versia

2.0 – 15 ivlisi, 2006. gv. 29-67

sainvesticio proeqtebis mokle aRwera, energetikis saministros

veb-gverdi

saqarTvelos energosistemis mTavari generaciis sadgurebi, energetikis

saministros veb-gverdi

xudonis hesis mSenebloba mdinare engurze, energetikis

saministros veb-gverdi

saqarTvelos, somxeTis da azerbaijanis wylebis xarisxebi

OECD Part I – 35178696: Debt-for-Environment Swap in Georgia: Pre-Feasibility Study and Institutional Options OECD Part II – 36203819: Debt-for-Environment Swap in Georgia: Potential Project Pipelines for the Expenditure Programme: Part II OECD Part III – 36203835: Debt-for-Environment Swap in Georgia: BIOGAS PRODUCTION saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb, 1996

saqarTvelos kanoni garemosdacviTi daSvebebis Sesaxeb, 1996

saqarTvelos kanoni damoukidebeli erovnuli maregulirebeli organoebis

Sesaxeb, 2002

Sesworebebi saqarTvelos kanonSi damoukidebeli erovnuli maregulirebeli

organoebis Sesaxeb, 2003

saqarTvelos kanoni miwis wiaRiseulis Sesaxeb, 1996

saqarTvelos kanoni eleqtro inJiner-energetikis da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb,

proeqti moamzada DikKe Int., 2005 Development of Power Generation in SEE - Update of the Generation Investment Study, World Bank, 2006 Generation Investment Study, Wprld Bank and EC, 2005



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Rue du Lac 33, P.O. Box : + 41 21/637 15 13 : [email protected] 1020 Renens VD 1 – : + 41 21/637 15 08 : www.stucky.ch

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- 63 - 65 , 4 . . .

, V- 15-20 - 30 .

. .

30°– 40°- ( 600 ), 45°- (600-650

) 55°-60°- (650-750 ).

. , 30 .

, 600 , 75°- 80° . 600 55°- 60°- .

. - . . 600-650 . 600

. 5-7 . .

. , 500 70°, 550-600

50°-60° , 600-700 - 60°-65°- .

I II . 300 , 15-20 ,

. , 150-200 350-400

. 20-40 , - 100-300 . ,

III 660 700 .

4.5.2.

, .

, ,

5186/400 -

7

, . 75°-85°-

( ). .

.

, 2009 .

Qa / Qc: , A .

A: ( ) : - - -

. , #5 . 640

. , Qa / Qc .

B: A : ( ) ; ,

-

. C .

C: B . ( ) . ; ,

, . , ,

Qa/Qc .

, ( C),

, -

( B, ) - ( A, ).

4.5.3.

.

, 6 :

5186/400 -

8

I ( ) 80°/165° – 185° ( „ / “)

II 10° – 30° ( 50°)/130° – 195°.

III 10° – 30°/005°-040°.

IV 60°-80°/290°-350°. .

V 74°-85°/80°-160°. .

VI 60°-85°/050°-085°. .

, , 3 :

,

o ( I) ( );

o ( I III) ,

( VI) ;

( IV V).

I . VI II III . IV V

.

44.5.4.

, „ “ .

, GSI . ,

, , (JRC), . :

ID GSI

579 RB1 - 44-55

579 RB5 - 40-57

712 RB2 - 38-52

5186/400 -

9

715 RB3 - 60-80

719 RB4 - 40-55

723 RB6 - 27-37

720 RB7 - 37-52

ID GSI

. 564 LB1 - 58-75

. 613 LB2 - 45-65

. 575 -5 LB3 55-75

. 612 -5 LB5 - 35-47

. 519 -LB6 - 47-60

. 599 - LB4 - 38-52

. 656 D22i - LB7 - 38-42

. 643 LB8 - 55-75

4-1.

, 25 , .

4.5.5.

- .

, 2009 .

, ,

.

100 - 30 (2009 , „ “)

. 21)

. , 2009 .

.

51

86/4

00

-

0

##

##

,

,,

2 5

374

9

180°

80

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0

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25

257

27

15

0°

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2

16

59

180°

85

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0

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4 19

2

16

13

180°

85

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00

,

I

5 15

2

06

29

180°

80

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0-40

0

I

12

84

216

63

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60°

70°

300-

330

VI

17

424

25

80

° 60

° 20

-30

,

VI

13

98

216

68

80

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0-15

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VI

18

424

19

80

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10

0-25

0 ,

VI

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101

216

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°

100-

300

,

V

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100-

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,

V

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100-

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16

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0°

55°

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300

VI

2 5

02

32

90°

65°

300-

500

V

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25

376

22

60

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-100

V

I

17

99

216

72

60

-70°

70

-80°

10

0-15

0

V

I

9 52

2

18

54-5

8 35

5°

20°

200-

250

III

18

12

377

27

90

° 70

° 50

0

V

I

8 4

11

22

40°

40°

100-

400

III V

I

51

86/4

00

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1

32

437

18

80

° 70

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0-25

0

V

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19

17

218

20

-30

85°

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6 3

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10

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140°

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30°

1000

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0

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.

/

-

-

(200

9 .)

51

86/4

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-4.

.

200

9

-

5186/400 -

0

„ “ .

1. 2, 3, 4 , / 090 80-

90 /170-180 , .

15-25 - 1-2 , / ,

. , ,

, .

. 4-5. , ,

. „ “ (#2 #3) , , . ,

/ .

5186/400 -

1

. 4-6. „ 4“

2. 5 ( B) ( A) .

, . ,

. , .

5186/400 -

2

. 4-7. 5- ( . , „

- “, „ “, #2, . 44-49, 1990 . )

, -

. , 10-20

, , . DF5-1 .

5186/400 -

3

. 4-8. GEOL 001, DF5-1 DF5-2

F5

8 , , . , ,

- (RQD) . DF5-1 36 . DF5-2 ,

. (RQD). , F5 80-84

. , , . F5

, (RQD).

5186/400 -

4

. 4-9. F5 .

. UCS . .

( -7 ).

3. 112, 13, 14, 15 17 - , ,

, . #12, #13, #14, #15, #17

020 . , ,

, , . , 216- , 69-70 ( .

), 548 - 350-500 . - 80°/080°,

, .

5186/400 -

5

. 4-10. , 216

424- , 411- , 636 26- , 4- 2 . 65-70°/080° ( „ / “).

. 4-11. 424 „12-15 17 “

. ,

70-80°/080°, 4 .

5186/400 -

6

. 4-12. , 12, 13, 14, 15, 17

. RA5

. 4-13. „12-15 17“ ,

. .

5186/400 -

7

, , .

, ,

B C ( . 16 ).

4. 9 20°/355°. 218- 533 , „ 200-250 ,

“. ( . 52). ,

.

// ,,

47 180 5 3-5 48 180 80 5 49 40 65 5-10 , 50 170 70 5-10 51 170 70 5-10 - 52 355 20 200-250 , 53 100 60 5 - 54 10 10 2-3 - 55 10 100 2-5 - -

. 4-14. 218- #9

5. 16 ( 65°/090°) ,

: 501, 502 376 , 300 , 500 100 . ( 590 )

. . #480

5186/400 -

8

, 16 70°/080° 501- 502- B/C

.

. 4-15. F16 , F12-15 17, F18

. #373 612. .

6. 18 ( 70°/040-090°) - , 377 437

411 „12-15+17“ . #377 70°/090°, 500 -

. #437 (412- ) 70°/080°, 250 - .

7. 19 2009 , ( C)

( B). 2012-2013 , ( , )

5186/400 -

9

. , - DF19-1, DF19-2

DF19-3, DF19-4, DF19-5 GT4-8 . 720 .

. , 728 , , #18

. , . 86°/025° #18

, . , 15-30 B

. , ,

. (

), .

. 4-16. . . . ,

65°/020°- .

, , 583 . , , 65 /020 ,

5186/400 -

10

. , ,

.

, , #18 - .

, 501, 502 480 , , 15-20 . ,

.

F19-1 , 5 1

. (RQD) 13 ,

(RQD) .

F19-2 16 , B/C ,

.

60° . .

, , .

F19-3 , ,

, . 17.4 18.9 ,

. ,

( ), .

.

B/C , . #7, , , 2009

, . 560 - . ,

- 501 502 - #480 , .

501 ( 552 ) , 65 .

. 80°/180°- , , . - , , , .

5186/400 -

11

80°/180°- , „ - “ 600-800 (45 /065-70 ),

. - 12 , -

- - 80°/180°.

6

. 4-17. #501 67 - ( #48)

#502 , 589 , - 80°/175° 2

, 8 - , - 80°/175°, 10 - .

. #8 #9 85°/035° 70°/045 .

. 4-18. #502

, #480 , #443 548 . . 60-80 /180 . ,

39 , - .

5186/400 -

12

. 4-19. #480

501 502 480 B/C #16 (

) . , , 15-20 .

#549 - 53 ( 511) - ,

13 40-53 . 53 , . ,

, #318

.

- .

F19-3 , B/C

. - GT4, GT5 GT6 - 30 , , B

. .

F19-4 ( 160 ) F19-5 ( 110 ) #318

, B . ,

„ “ ,

5186/400 -

13

C - F18 . , , , GT7

501 - 35 ( 557). 576

, #501 . .

. 4-20. #501 . GT7 , 35 -

GT8 . , , .

, , C / B

, . , , 70-80 /170-180 .

, , F12-15, F16 F18 , ( . .60-80°/020°).

, (F12-15, F16), , .

5186/400 -

14

. 4-21. „ -19 “ -

, 70-80 /170-180 - / - F12-15 , F16 F18 .

5186/400 -

15

8. 21 , 383 ,

.

4.5.5.1.

, .

2, 3, 4 - , ;

5 - , ;

9 - , .

. ;

12, 13, 14, 15, 17 - ;

16 - „12-17“ , ;

18 - „12-17“ .

, , #19 , „12-17“, 16

18 .

4.5.6.

4.5.6.1.

, ,

- - . ,

.

(30°- ) ,

. , . ,

, , , „ / “, , .

.

:

5186/400 -

16

30°- 188 , 101 :

18 10°- , 18- - 20°- ;

11 10 ; 2 40 46 - , 6 10 . 3 , 12, 12 18 ;

8 100 - , 28 100 - , 7 500 - 2 - 1 .

:

:

. 542 383; 46 15°/030°-040°, 150 - ;

383; 3 30-35°/130°-140°, 1300 -

;

. 612 439, 12 18 , 20-30 ;

. 620 231, 10 , 15-20 /180 , 200-500 ;

. 631 440, 9 30 /130 -140 , 50-60 ;

, :

. 532 450, 40 25-30 /155 , 1-3 , ;

. 567 365, 12 , 30 340 , 1-3 , .

(188 ) ,

4-3, 4-4 4-5 .

+/-2°

(°) (°)

1 24 21°

2 25 142°

5186/400 -

17

4-3:

+/-2°

(°) (°)

1 23 19

2 22 180

3 26 1364-4:

+/-2°

(°) (°)

1 24 24

2 25 63

3 25 3494-5:

4.5.6.2.

LB7 - D21i 656, 10 /360 , , JRC 12-14, LB7 - D21i 656, 30 /124 , open, clay, JRC 12-14,

LB2 - DF5-2 613, 35 /157 , , JRC 0-2, LB6 - /222 /360 --12 LB8- 32 /081 -4,

RB2 - . 712, 28°/308° JRC 8-12, RB3 - . 715, 20°/026°, , JRC 6-8, RB7 - . 720, 36°/323°, , JRC 8-10, LB9 - . 623, 20°/255°, , JRC 2-4, .

.

5186/400 -

18

- (22-27°/032-059° = J-

- (22-35/150 = J-II). J3 15°/040°

- -15°/030°.

5186/400 -

19

- - -30°/040°,

385-

J2 25/194

10/180 - -

. 4-23. J2 (25/ 194) , .

5186/400 -

20

. 4-24. . , 30/030, 5-10 .

, 40-60

. 4-25. ,

, .

( , 50-100 )

5186/400 -

21

40 540, 580, 620 660 10-20 .

:

15°/030° 385- 540, 46 . 15°/040° – >50 20°/010° 439- 610, 18 10°/090° 10/280 - 231- 519- , 620 10°/360° 660, 32°/031° 643 .

,

. ,

. , - , . 30°/030°. ,

530 ( ), 540, 550, 580, 590 600.

. 4-26. . .

5186/400 -

22

44.5.6.3.

.

2, 3, 4 - , ;

5 - , ;

9 – , .

. ;

12, 13, 14, 15, 17 - ;

16 - „12-17“ , ;

18 - „12-17“ .

, , #19 , „12-17“, 16

18 .

. , 15-20 .

4.5.7

- , 2009 , ,

, - . .

. 4-27. . . 630-640 ,

60-70

5186/400 -

23

, / .

BH-312, BH-338, BH- 360 355, 351, 350, 519, 440, 439, 363, 361 534.

, 709 , 56 . .

, , -5 .

, . 640-650 , -

. 80 , 25 - .

50 . .

. 4-28.

5186/400 -

24

. 4-29. 50

,

, , .

( ., 3400 / - ) , 20-30 .

/ .

5186/400 -

25

55.

5.1.

, . ,

. ,

, .

5.2.

. , .

. . , , .

, , .

, . ,

. , .

5.3.

. 7.4, . 64.

5186/400 -

26

66.

6.1.

2012

- .

:

( A – D);

.

126 . „ “ ( ) .

:

89 ;

101 ( )

40 .

. .

6.2

, , :

;

;

;

.

6-1 2012/2013 (UCS) .

, , ,

.

, - ,

. , .

5186/400 -

27

, , . (

) , .

/ 3)) cc (( )) E ( )

..

..

.. .

..

..

. D21i 8 2.69 0.03 2.64 2.75 62 24 23 94 36 16 12 61 DF51V ; - 16 2.60 0.05 2.51 2.65 9 9 2 43 5 5 1 14 DF52i ; - 9 2.66 0.08 2.53 2.75 119 55 56 201 28 8 11 37

D22i ; - 4 2.71 0.01 2.69 2.73 182 12 167 198 73 22 52 103

.

DD3V ; - 8 2.66 0.09 2.47 2.77 20 8 11 39 57 31 17 117 D23i ; - 4 2.69 0.03 2.64 2.71 109 51 38 181 66 50 26 151 DF19-2i ; - 3 2.69 0.00 2.68 2.69 24 2 21 26 11 4 7 16 DF19-3i 3 2.71 0.01 2.70 2.72 34 1 33 35 15 1 13 17 DD4V ; - 14 2.73 0.04 2.62 2.82 100 45 54 199 55 23 29 89 D24i ; - 9 2.73 0.02 2.71 2.77 109 20 79 153 66 16 51 103

/

DF19-1i 3 2.64 0.02 2.62 2.66 26 11 17 41 10 5 5 17

PI-1V ; - 7 2.61 0.01 2.59 2.62 41 11 18 54 36 15 21 60

6-1. (2012-2013)

c ( ) ,

st/sc (-)

.. ..

. D21i 8 8.1 3.3 7.6 DF51V ; - 19 1.1 1.5 8.2 DF52i ; - 14 9.1 3.7 13.1 D22i ; - 4 12.1 6.5 15.0

.

DD3V ; - 5 5.3 1.9 3.7 D23i ; - 4 9.6 4.8 11.4 DF19-2i ; - 5 2.5 0.7 9.3 DF19-3i 3 2.8 0.5 11.8 DD4V ; - 20 8.1 3.2 12.4 D24i ; - 9 10.6 3.0 10.3

/

DF19-1i 3 2.5 0.8 10.1

PI-1V ; - 7 6.0 1.7 6.9

6-2. (2012/2013)

, 6-2. , .

, (DF5-1V) . ,

, .

6.3.

6 , 12 („ “ 19) .

, 4.5.3, 4.5.5 4.5.6. ,

5186/400 -

28

. , .

, 40 ( 7) : 11 29 .

B ( - ), D2-1i , A .

6-3 . . , B DD3V

.

.

, 6-3 , .

( 5-10%- )

.

cc (( )) ((°)

.. ..

.. ..

B - -

36 0.48 0.56 0 2.11 30 6.5 16 45

C -

4 0.45 0.40 0 0.84 29 4.0 26 36

6-3. (2012/2013)

6.4

,

. ,

, .

6.4.1.

. , 2012/2013 .

2009 - , 2012/2013 . .

. -

5186/400 -

29

. ,

600 . ,

,

.

11 12 E „ “4532-3 (1981) . - ( ., 11-I, 11-II .)

( ) .

, E- . ,

/ . , E-

- .

:

< 1.5 / Edf 1.0 1.5-2.5 / Edf = 1.0 - 2.5 2.5-3.5 / Edf = 2.5 - 5.0 3.5-4.0 / Edf = 5 - 10 >4.0 / Edf >10

5186/400 -

30

. 6-1. „ “ (1982 .)

. 2012/2013

2012/2013

. :

) ;

) ;

) GSI .

„Schinelli Consulting“- .

10, GSI .

.

)

:

;

;

.

5186/400 -

31

, . ,

2009 , , .

, .

. , D21-i .

( ) , ,

. ,

. 1- ,

.

2-8 .

- 23.7 LA1 ( , 20 ) 37 -

- #1 , , 100 .

, . DD4V ,

30 15 - . DD3V ,

15 - 37 . , 15

- 10-15 .

, ( . 2013 10 LR 554/04 (

10)) 6-4.

, #5 , 2.4 -

. , . A

. - , D21-i

(RQD) . , ,

. ,

5186/400 -

32

, , 20 - , - , ,

. , #5 ,

. ,

.

, . ,

1.5-3 . 2- .

„„ ““ ,,

334 „„ ““,

( ., D21i). DD2V

,, Edd, ,, Edd, 0-20 0.2-1.6 0-10 0.7-4 20-34 6.5 >10 >9 34-50 9.5

6-4. 2012/2013 . ( . ( 1 10))

)

DD2Vr 40 .

6-2. , , 34 37

, . , .

5186/400 -

33

. 6-2.

) GSI

, GSI .

(2006):

D , 0- . GSI (RMR) (GSI = RMR-

5), , (RQD, , ,

).

6-5. . ( ).

1- , .

, ( ., ).

5186/400 -

34

GSI UCS

.

( 55)

,, -- D21i DF51V; DF52i D22i DD3V; D23i DD4V; D24i

Ei [ ] 12-61 0.7-37 52-103 17-151 29-103

GSI [-] 43-58 40-63 63-67 35-65 48-65

Erm [ ] 3-21 0.2-22 35-50 2-53 11-49 6-5.

)

2012/2013 . -

.

. , .

6-3 ( . 1).

5

, -

Erm [ ]

8 <1 6 10 6 6

6-6. 2012/2013 . ( . 1- )

51

86/4

00

-

0

. 6-3

.

2

012

(

. 1

)

5186/400 -

0

66.4.2

, HB ( ) , .

, .

( , , .) .

6.5

, ,

. , (SIA, EUROCODES .) ,

.

c ( ) E ( ) t ( )

B. / - 62 53 9

C. 62 36 8

6-7. ( )

0.45 30°

6-8.

5

,, --

Erm [ ] 8 <1 6 10 6 6 6-9. ( 6-6,

1- )

5186/400 -

1

77.

7.1.

:

GIN ;

.

7.2. -

/ . , 7-1 :

,,

1 DF5-1V 25 X 2 DD2V - 130 X X 3 GT1 - 41 X 4 GT2 - 40 X 5 D22i - 89 X 6 GT3 - 44 X 7 DF5-2 53 X 8 DF19-2i 19 X 9 DF19-5i 38 X X

10 GT7 10 X 11 GT8 18 X 12 D23i 57 X 13 PI-1V - 84 X 14 D4V - 130 X 15 D24I - 70 X 16 DD 3V 94 X

7-1. -

11.

7.3

11. 7-1 , .

5186/400 -

2

. 7-1.

. ,

2010 120 .

2/3- :

: 24 ;

: 12 ;

: 6 ;

: 3 .

5186/400 -

3

77.3.1

. 7-2:

,,

,, // DF19--2i 2,190 2,135 19 112 DF19--5i 2,048 1,997 11 190

GT7 2,000 1,950 10 195 GT8 3,600 3,510 18 195 D23i 5,460 5,324 57 94

15,298 14,916 114 130 7-2. . .

130 / , 2010 (120 / ) .

(DF19-5i, GT7 GT8) , .

[4] , 130 / .

,,

,, // DF5--1V 3,095 3,018 25 121 DD2V 4,040 3,939 130 30 GT1 2,765 2,696 41 66 GT2 6,239 6,083 40 152

16,139 15,736 236 67 7-3. . .

67 / , . , DF5-1V, ,

. , 67 / [4].

7.3.2

,,

,, // DF19--2i 4,290 4,400 41 107 DF19--5i 2,048 2,101 11 200

GT7 6,142 6,299 30 210

5186/400 -

4

GGT8 7,361 7,550 39 194 DD23i 8,580 8,800 78 113

DDF5--11V 3,095 3,174 25 127 331,516 332,324 2224 1145

7-4.

145 / , [4].

, (130 / ).

-

,,

,, // DD2V 4,110 4,215 138 30 GT1 3,120 3,200 49 66 GT2 7,112 7,294 50 146

14,342 14,710 237 62 7-5. -

62 / , [4]. , -

(67 / ).

,,

,, // DF5--1V: 10--15 490 478 5 96 DF5--1V: 15--20 975 951 5 190 DF19--2i: 12--17 1070 1,043 5 209

2,535 2,472 15 165 7-5.

, . DF5-1V DF-19-2i (200 / ) . ,

( 3- ).

7.3.3

460 47,034 (45,858 ). ,

102 / - . ( ) - ( ) ( -

).

5186/400 -

5

[4] , 102 /

.

77.3.4. GIN

[1] GIN :

. 7-2. , [1]

[1] , „ 1500 / , 30

200 / “.

, GIN ( [1]) , :

: GIN = 1500 /

( / / 5-10% ).

, V .: V .=200 /

: 0 – 5 : P = 5 .

5 – 10 : P = 10 .

10 – 15 : P = 15 .

15 – 20 : P = 20 .

20 – 25 : P = 25 .

> 25 : P = 30 .

5186/400 -

6

. -11 ,

GIN . , (GIN , P

V ) .

P GIN V

2 DD2V - 20 17 3 3 GT1 - 5 3 2 4 GT2 - 10 1 7 2 1 DF5-1V 5 2 1 2 8 DF19-2i 6 2 3 1 9 DF19-5i 2 1 1

10 GT7 6 6 11 GT8 8 8 12 D23i 6 4 1 6% 21% 64% 9%

-- 60% 34% 6% 0% 34% 28% 34% 4%

7-7. - GIN 1500

7-7 -11 P-V . [1] P-V

, 7-3.

. 7-3. , [1]

- , ,

. ,

5186/400 -

7

, , .

, , GIN .

.

7.4

7.4.1

7-8 .

-

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

2 DD2V - 7 25 40 2 122 5 D22i - 5 51 32 16 99 6 GT3 - 4 19 9 12 34 7 DF5-2 2 46 15 31 60 9 DF19-5i 3 18 3 15 23

13 PI-1V - 11 29 20 4 55 14 DD4V - 14 14 7 6 27 15 D24I - 7 10 3 4 15 16 DD 3V 12 32 11 16 56

7-8. -

(DD4V D24-I) , . D22-I, ,

, , DF5-2V, , .

-

.. ..

.. .. .. ..

17 34 13 15 60 - 48 23 24 2 122

18 33 34 2 122 47 22 15 4 56

65 25 22 2 122 7-9. -

25 , [3] , , .

, (34 ) - (23 ).

, - (48 ) (17 ) ,

5186/400 -

8

. , , - , .

5 . , , 90% 50 - . ,

90% 5 , 10- .

[5] , :

e > 10 <100

1.0 <e < 10 10-100

0.5 <e < 1.0 1-10

7-10. , [5]

10-100 , , 1-10 . ,

, ( , DD2V 122

).

[3] , 3-5

, . [3] , „

4-5 “. ,

, , .

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Khudoni Hydro Power Project .Detailed Project Report,volume -1.Trans Electrika Ltd. 2013.

Rue du Lac 33, P.O. Box : + 41 21/637 15 13 : [email protected] 1020 Renens VD 1 – : + 41 21/637 15 08 : www.stucky.ch

. . “ ”/ Salini Construttori SpA

–

AT/AA/RMG /5186/4004 , 2013 6

5186/4004-

1

1. ............................................................................................ 7

2. ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1. (2009-2010) .................................................................................. 9

2.2. - (2012-2013) ............................................... 10

2.3. ......................................................................................................................... 11

3. ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.1. ............................................................................. 12

3-1. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13

. 3-1. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2. .............................................................................................. 15

3.2.1. - (2009-2010) ............................. 15

3.2.2. - (2012-2013) ............................................ 16

3-2. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.3. ............................................................................................. 18

3.3.1. ............................................................................................................. 18

3.3.2. ....................................................................................................... 19

3-3. ............................................................................... 19

3.3.3. (S) ...................................................................................................................... 19

3.3.4. ............................................................................................................................. 20

3-4. ......................... 20

3-5. ................................ 21

3.4. ........................................................................................................................... 21

3-6. MCE OBE [10] ............................................................................................................................................ 22

5186/4004-

2

. 3-2. MCE (5% , ) [10] .................................. 22

. 3-3. OBE (5% , ) [10] .................................. 22

3.4.1. ...................................................................................................... 23

3.5. ............................................................................................ 23

3.6. ............................................................................................................. 24

3-7. ............. 24

4. .............................................................................................. 25

4.1. .................................... 25

4.2. ................................................................................................................... 25

. 4-1. ......................................................................... 26

. 4-2. : III ...................................................................................................................................... 27

4.3. ............................................................................................................................................... 28

. 4-3. [2] ............................................................................................................................................... 29

4.4. ....................................................................................................... 29

. 4-4. ................... 31

4.5. ................................................................................................................................... 31

. 4-5. ......................................... 32

. 4-6. III ................ 33

4.6. ............................................................................................................................ 33

. 4-7. ( ) ................................................................................................................... 34

5. - - ........................ 34

5.1. - - ........................................................................................................................................................ 35

. 5-1. .......... 36

5186/4004-

3

5-1. .......................................................................... 36

. 5-2. ........................... 37

5.1.1. ........................................................................................................................................... 37

5.1.2. ................................................................................................................................................. 37

5.1.3. ........................................................................................................................................... 38

5.1.4. ...................................................................................................................... 38

5.1.5. .......................................................................................... 38

5.1.6. ................................................................... 39

6. .......................................................................................................... 40

6.1. ............................................................................................................... 40

6.2. ............................................................................................................. 40

. 6-1. ..................................................................................................................................................... 40

6.3. ........................................................................................... 41

7. - ............. 42

7.1. ............................................................................. 42

7-1. : - ................. 42

7-2. : - ...... 42

7.1.1. : ( )....................................... 42

7.1.2. : ............................................. 43

. 7-1. ...................... 43

7.1.3. : .......................... 43

7.1.4. : ............. 44

7.1.5. : ....................................................................................................................................................... 44

7.1.6. : .......... 44

7.1.7. : ....................................................................................................................................................... 45

5186/4004-

4

7.1.8. ................................................................................................. 45

7-3. .................................................................. 45

7-4. ...................................................................... 46

7.2. ...................................................................... 47

7-5. : - .............. 47

7-6. : - .. 47

7.2.1. (SU0) ............................................................. 47

7.2.2. 3 (SU3) .................................................. 48

7.2.3. 4 (SU4) .................................................. 49

7.2.4. .. 49

7.3. ............................................................ 50

7-7. . - ................. 50

. 7-8. . ( ) - . .............................................................................................. 51

7.3.1. (DUN0) ........................................................ 51

7.3.2. 3 (DUN3) ....................................... 52

7.3.3. 4 (DUN4) ....................................... 52

8. .............................................................................................................. 54

9. ................................................................................................................. 56

I. II. III. OBE MCE IV. -

1.e . S1 S3. . 2.e . S1 S3. . 3.e FSL . S1 S3. . 4.e FSL . S1 S3. . 5.e FSL . . . . 6.e . S1 S3. . 7.e . S1 S3. . 8.e . . . .

5186/4004-

5

9.e . S1 S3. . 10.e . S1 S3. . 11.e . . . . 1.f – 12.f ( ) 1.f – 12.f ( ) 1.s SU0 . S1 S3. . 2.s SU0 . S1 S3. . 3.s SU0 . . . . 4.s SU3 . S1 S3. . 5.s SU3 . S1 S3. . 6.s SU3 . . . . 7.s SU4 . S1 S3. . 8.s SU4 . S1 S3. . 9.s SU4 . . . .

1.d DUN0 . S1 S3 . . 2.d DUN0 . S1 S3 . . 3.d DUN0 . . . . 4.d DUN3 . S1 S3 . . 5.d DUN3 . S1 S3 . . 6.d DUN4 . S1 S3 . . 7.d DUN4 . S1 S3 . .

V.

5186-DAM.001 – 5186-DAM.002 – 5186-DAM.003 – 5186-DAM.004 –

5186/4004-

6

55186/40044 ,,

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5186/4004-

10

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5186/4004-

13

31 0.20 23.5 1 x 10-5 38 0.20 5% (OBE) 10% (MCE)

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5186/4004-

14

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5186/4004-

15

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5186/4004-

16

11 -12 , .

33.2.2. - -2013)

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. 2009/2010

.

Qa / Qc: , A .

A: ( ) : - - - . , #5

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5186/4004-

17

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5186/4004-

18

, , , 0- -

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2

0.50 0.35 0.63 19

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5 5.00 0.25 7.50 27

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5186/4004-

19

- , . .

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: (MinWL), (FSWL)

(PMFL). 3-3 .

MinWL)) (FSWL) PPMFL)

( ) (( ) (( )

630 700 703.7

-

, . 12ds / 3. ,

570 .

5186/4004-

20

( . .

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((°C)

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1 7.4 6.0 6.7 8.4 11.7 15.2 19.0 20.8 17.5 15.3 11.3 9.6

5 7.4 6.3 6.6 8.1 10.5 12.9 16.9 18.2 16.3 14.9 11.0 9.6

5186/4004-

21

10 7.3 6.3 6.6 7.9 9.1 11.4 14.9 14.9 14.2 13.9 10.8 9.5

20 7.2 6.2 6.5 7.7 8.0 9.9 12.3 12.7 12.7 13.0 10.6 9.3

30 7.0 6.3 6.4 7.3 7.3 9.3 11.7 12.1 12.0 12.2 10.3 9.0

50 6.9 6.2 6.4 7.3 6.9 9.1 11.0 11.7 11.4 11.4 10.0 8.8

80 6.6 6.0 6.3 7.1 7.0 8.7 10.7 11.1 11.1 11.1 9.6 8.7

200* 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5

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(OBE), (MCE), .

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(g) (g)

MCE 1 / 10 000 0.36 0.24

5186/4004-

22

OOBE 1 / 475 0.16 0.10

-[10]

-

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5186/4004-

23

[10] III .

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3.3 ), 3-3 MCE , III

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5186/4004-

24

( ) ( )

.

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, .

. , : GG, WMinWL, WWFSWL, WWPMFL, TT TT , GG+ WFSWL and GG+ WFSWL + OOBE .

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(

[3]) :

: FS=2.0 : FS=1.3 : FS=1.1.

*

( ))

G W S T E

Min WL

FS WL PMF WL

Max Min Max OBE MCE

# 630 700 704 570 T-T T-C C-C

SU0 1 1 1-3 3 SU1 2 SU2 3 1 1-3 3 SU3 4 1 1-3 3 SU4 5 1 1-3 3 SUN1 6 1 1-2 2 SUN2 7 1 1-2 2

DUN0 8 1 1-2 2 DUN1 9 DUN2 10 1 1-2 2 DUN3 11 1 1-2 2 DUN4 12 1 1-2 2 DE1 13 1 1 1 DE2 14 1 1 1

* .

-

5186/4004-

25

, :

T-T - T-C - C-C - .

, cf , , . rR / BCAC / . , 2- ,

1- . - 1-2 . ,

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DUN0 (G + WWFSWL + OOBE), DDUN3 DUN4.

II ,

(2012-2013).

,

, .

, , . , .

.

5186/4004-

26

-

:

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, , , , ,

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5186/4004-

27

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5186/4004-

28

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5186/4004-

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5186/4004-

31

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5186/4004-

32

-

:

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, .

5186/4004-

33

-

:

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,

V0 = 1000 (5.3)

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, :

m

n

nnZCU

00 , m=6 ( ) (5.6)

m

n

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, m=6 ( ) (5.7)

5186/4004-

34

m

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5186/4004-

35

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5186/4004-

36

-

HE20 CHX60 3 200 16 133

HE20 CHX60 PE15 CTP45

1 616 124 8 968

HE20 CHX20H PE15 CTP15H

2 000 140 10 246

QU8 BCQ8HT TR6 BCT6HT

400 28 1 331

QU8 BCQ8HT 150 521

QU8 BCQ8HT 220 759

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-

5186/4004-

37

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5186/4004-

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5186/4004-

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5186/4004-

40

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:

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: 1 , 2 3 , , , .

(1 =1 000 000 = 10 / 2).

.

6.2.

, 6-1. ,

.

, .

-

:

5186/4004-

41

U/D = / . C = . da = . df = . dc = . dm = .

.

:

+ e = . + s = . + d = . + f = .

5186/4004-

42

-

- . , -

( / ) .

: ( ).

.

3 1 3 1

- - - -

G -7.0 Cdf 1.2 Cdm -3.5 Cdm 0.8 Lda, Rda

WFSWL -6.5 Cdm 3.0 Cdf -8.0 Lda, Rda 2.7 Cdm

Tmin -0.6 Cdc 2.0 Cdc 0 - 2.1 Cdm

Tmax -1.2 Cdc 0.3 Cdc -3.8 Cdm 0 -

- -

r

-

G - -

WFSWL 113 Cdc

Tmin 17 Cdc

Tmax -38 Cdc

- -

e 2e

5186/4004-

43

.

,

77.1

3e 4e

-

, ,

. , ( ) ( ) .

5186/4004-

44

5e.

, .

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, 6e 7e .

, .

.

. , ,

, .

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8e .

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, .

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5186/4004-

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,

.

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7-4.

X Y Z

,

% % %

1 1.56E+00 22.44E+01 2.44E+01 1.48E-02 1.48E-02 5.38E-03 5.38E-03

2 2.04E+00 6.52E-03 2.44E+01 44.20E+01 4.20E+01 3.97E+00 3.97E+00

3 2.34E+00 1.41E-02 2.44E+01 11.72E+01 5.92E+01 1.70E+00 5.67E+00

4 3.11E+00 2.36E+00 2.68E+01 9.05E-02 5.93E+01 1.18E-01 5.79E+00

5 3.46E+00 44.57E+01 7.24E+01 2.87E-03 5.93E+01 11.57E+01 2.15E+01

6 3.58E+00 9.90E+00 8.23E+01 2.51E+00 6.18E+01 55.53E+01 7.68E+01

7 3.96E+00 5.08E-01 8.29E+01 1.71E+00 6.35E+01 1.66E+00 7.85E+01

8 4.26E+00 4.42E-02 8.29E+01 11.85E+01 8.21E+01 3.85E+00 8.23E+01

9 4.60E+00 6.12E-01 8.35E+01 9.61E-03 8.21E+01 1.21E-01 8.25E+01

10 4.73E+00 5.71E+00 8.92E+01 5.62E-01 8.26E+01 3.86E-01 8.28E+01

11 4.82E+00 8.91E-02 8.93E+01 5.97E-01 8.32E+01 1.92E-01 8.30E+01

12 5.42E+00 4.20E-01 8.97E+01 1.29E+00 8.45E+01 3.93E-02 8.31E+01

-

:

f1=1.56 , 0.641 - .

5186/4004-

46

f12=5.42 , 0.19 - .

1 5 X- . 2, 3 8 Y- 3/4- . 5 6 Z- .

1f-12f. ; , .

X Y Z

,

% % %

1 1.20E+00 44.25E+01 4.25E+01 2.47E-01 2.47E-01 1.53E-02 1.53E-02

2 1.59E+00 3.30E-02 4.26E+01 11.17E+02 1.18E+02 1.19E+00 1.20E+00

3 1.80E+00 5.42E-02 4.26E+01 11.74E+01 1.35E+02 7.35E-02 1.28E+00

4 2.48E+00 4.46E+00 4.71E+01 1.35E-01 1.35E+02 3.64E-02 1.31E+00

5 3.14E+00 9.73E-01 4.81E+01 1.26E+00 1.36E+02 22.57E+01 2.70E+01

6 3.26E+00 1.08E+00 4.91E+01 11.09E+01 1.47E+02 5.32E+00 3.24E+01

7 3.34E+00 55.34E+01 1.02E+02 2.54E-01 1.48E+02 5.94E-01 3.30E+01

8 3.62E+00 1.63E-01 1.03E+02 11.14E+01 1.59E+02 44.90E+01 8.19E+01

9 3.79E+00 4.87E+00 1.08E+02 1.16E+00 1.60E+02 2.28E+00 8.42E+01

10 4.02E+00 2.23E+00 1.10E+02 4.70E-01 1.61E+02 1.45E-03 8.42E+01

11 4.40E+00 1.48E-03 1.10E+02 4.19E-01 1.61E+02 3.50E-03 8.42E+01

12 4.63E+00 3.32E+00 1.13E+02 5.13E-02 1.61E+02 5.26E-01 8.47E+01

-

:

f1=1.20 , 0.83 - .

f12=4.63 , 0.216 - .

1 7 X- . 2, 3, 6 8 Y- . 5 8 Z- .

13f-24f. , ; ,

, .

Y- , , 80%- .

25%- .

5186/4004-

47

, ,

( 1/3). .

.

:

3 1 3 1

- - - -

SU0 -6.3 Cdm 0.9 Lda -9.0 Cdf 0.7 Cdm

SU3 -6.7 Cdm 1.9 Lda -6.5 Lda 2.2 Cdm

SU4 -7.0 Rda 0 - -10 L/Rda 0 -

- -

r

-

SU0 114 Cdc

SU3 130 Cdc

SU4 88 Cdc

- -

FDL (700 ),

, SU0. , (1.0 -

), ( 10 ).

, 1s 2s.

3s.

, , .

5186/4004-

48

, , .

.

. , -

, 0.9 - . 6.3 - ,

, ¾- .

9 - : ( ,

). ( 10 - ) : .

7 - . 0.7 -

, .

SU3 SU0, ( 570 )

.

, 4s 5s.

6s.

, . SU3

2.2 - , .

C25 . ,

( ) .

2.1 . . ,

/ .

5186/4004-

49

, .

6 - (SU0) 6.7 - , ,

. 1.9 - , ,

.

77.

SU4 SU0, ( 570 )

.

, 7s 8s.

9s.

.

.

SU0 . 10 - ,

, , .

, 10 - 9.0

. , ,

.

7-5 , SU4

: 25 . , 30

. , ,

5186/4004-

50

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( , ,

).

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) - 25 . (30 )

, .

, ,

, .

FDL . OBE

, - .

. .

:

.

3 1 3 1

- - - -

DUN0 -10.0 Cdc 4.0 Lda -13.0 L/Rda 3.0 Cdc/m

DUN3 -10.8 Cdc 4.5 Lda -12.0 L/Rda 4.5 Cdc/m

DUN4 -11.6 Cdc 1.8 Lda -16.0 L/Rda 2.6 Lda

- -

5186/4004-

51

EQ-

DDUN0 - US DS US DS

X-- 20 17 8.48 8.10

Y-- 45 -55 8.66 9.02

Z-- 8 -8 8.08 8.24

- -

7.3.1. (DUN0)

SU0 OBE

.

, 11d 2d .

3d.

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. 2.5

. (

).

, , , 5.5 - [5].

( ) , ,

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10.0 - , .

, .

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130%), 16.25 , .

5186/4004-

52

3.0 ¾- , .

.

10.0 - (

, ) .

, :

17 - . 12

. ( ., 30 )

- , 8.2.4.

, , SU0

.

SU3 OBE

.

, 44d 5d .

DUN0 . .

4.5 ¾- , .

. DUN0

. , ,

.

DUN0 DUN3 .

7.3.3.

5186/4004-

53

SU4 OBE

.

, 77d 8d .

1.8 -

. , .

: DUN0 .

2.6 , . ,

.

16.0 - /

. DUN0 ,

, FEM .

. , .

( ., 30 ) - .

5186/4004-

54

, /

, . (H = 194 ) - .

:

( / -) , ,

.

.

, .

.

, ,

( ) .

[3]. , ,

(SU0) ( 1.5 [4]-

]). , , , ,

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,

.

25 365 . , .,

, 30 - .

, , „ “ -

5186/4004-

55

/ . ,

/ , , 2 084 000 3, III

2 273 000 3 ( 8.3%- ).

, .

.

5186/4004-

56

[1] „ - “, „III , - , “, 1040/4015, 0, : 08.12.2008.

[2] „ “, „ – , “, 5186/4003, 0, 2013

.

[3] „ “, „ – , “,

5186/4005, 0, 2013 .

[4] , „ “, Engineer Manual 1110-2-2201, 1994.

[5] . . , „ “, American Concrete Institute, 1984 - , . 158-165.

[6] , . . , „ “, ACI Journal Volo. 66, 8, 1969, . 656-666.

[7] „ - “, „II , , “, 0, : 31.10.2007.

[8] „ - “, „III , - , “, 1040/4040, 0, : 07.11.2008.

[9] „ - “, „II , “, 1040/4017, 0, : 30.04.2008.

[10] „ - “, „II , “, 1040/4013, 0, : 11.12.2008.

[11] . . . , 1982 ( ), “ : “, #UCB/EERC-82/09,

/ , , . , 1982.

[12] . „ : “, Water Power and Dam Construction, , 1991, . 31-34. [13] DIANA - , 9.4, 2009 .

5186/4004-

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„ “

:

:

:

5186/4004-

58

5186.4004

I –

V:


7.

1

saqarTvelo

SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba

”hidrodiagnostika”

samecniero-teqnikuri angariSi

xudonis kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis

maTematikuri modelireba

(xelSekruleba N# 2/11, 17.10.2011w.)

Tbilisi

2011

2

saqarTvelo

SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba

”hidrodiagnostika”

samecniero-teqnikuri angariSi

vamtkiceb:

Sps ”hidrodiagnostik”-is direqtori,

akademiuri doqtori i.nonievi

xudonis kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis

maTematikuri modelireba

(xelSekruleba N# 2/11, 17.10.2011w.)

Temis xelmZRvaneli,

teqn. mecn. doqtori, prof

T.gvelesiani

Tbilisi

2011

3

SemsrulebelTa sia

1. gvelesiani T. t.m.d, prof.

2. berZenaSvili g. doqtoranti

3. yirimliSvili – daviTaSvili T. akad. doqt.

4. nadaraia g. akad. doqt.

4

Sinaarsi

gv.

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. eqstremalur pirobebSi hidrokvanZis biefebSi wylis

talRuri procesebis Seswavlis sainJinro meTodebis

mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

2. hidrokvanZis zogadi daxasiaTeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3. wyalsacavis forsirebuli damuSavebis pirobebi . . . . . . . . . . 19

4. xudonis kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis qveda biefSi

transformaciis procesis maTematikuri modelireba.. 21

4.1. Ria kalapotebSi siTxis arastacionaruli moZraobis

marCxi wylis Teoriuli daSvebebi da diferencialuri

gantolebaTa sistemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.2. maTematikuri modelirebis ganxorcielebis pirobebi . . . 22

4.3. maTematikuri modelis ricxviTi realizaciis Sedegebi. . 26

daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

danarTebi 32

danarTi 1. topografiuli monacemebis interpolaciuri

meTodiT damuSavebis Sedegebi (mdinaris kalapotis

ganivkveTebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

danarTi 2. nakadis maxasiaTeblebi . . . . . . . . 35

danarTi 3. jamuri monacemebi (cxr.1-cxr.3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5

Sesavali

mTisa da mTiswina raionebis miwis resursebis dacvis, maTi potencialis

maqsimalurad gamoyenebisa da garemos ekologiuri wonasworobis

SenarCunebis problemebi uSualod dakavSirebulia hidrokvanZebis

nagebobaTa saimedo funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis amocanebTan

eqstremaluri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 1-5

aRniSnuli eqstremaluri pirobebi gamoxatulebas poulobs mTian da

mTiswina seismoaqtiur raionebSi (romlebic saqarTvelos mniSvnelovan

nawils moicaven) iseTi msxvilmasStabiani geodinamikuri procesebis saxiT,

rogoricaa mewyerebi da seismoteqtonikuri dislokaciebi (romlebic

vlindebian dedamiwis zedapirze, rogorc e.w. pirveladi narCeni de-

formaciebi) am geodinamikuri procesebis Sedegad wyalsacavSi SeiZleba

warmoiqmnas maRali damangreveli talRebi [1-6].

rogorc hidroteqnikuri mSeneblobis mravalwliani praqtika gviCvenebs,

am talRebis zemoqmedebisas kaSxalze, kerZod maT gadadinebis Sedegad,

SeiZleba adgili hqondes qveda biefSi, rogorc farTo teritoriebis, maT

Soris savargulebis datborvas, aseve sairigacio, satransporto da sxva

sistemebis ngrevas. zogjer am movlenebs Tan sdevs ekologiuri katastrofa

dasaxelebuli obieqtebis mospobisa da adamianTa msxverplis saxiT

(rogorc es moxda italiaSi 1963 w. vaiontis wyalsacavSi katastrofuli

mewyeris Camozvavebis Sedegad) [7-9,19, 20].

msgavsi katastrofuli movlenebi SeiZleba moxdes iseT sagangebo si-

tuaciebSi (gansakuTrebul pirobebSi), rogoricaa omi an teroristuli aqti,

rodesac xdeba kaSxlis afeTqeba da misi nawilobrivi an mTiliani ngreva,

ris Sedegad kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRa vrceldeba qveda biefSi.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinareobs, Tu ra didi socialurekologiuri da

teqnikurekonomikuri mniSvneloba eniWeba hidrokvanZebis, saimedo muSaobis

uzrunvelyofa eqstremalur pirobebSi da garemos ekologiuri

wonasworobis SeZlebisdagvarad, SenarCunebas an ekologiuri safrTxis

Semcirebas, mecnierulad dasabu-Tebuli RonisZiebaTa kompleqsis

ganxorcielebis safuZvelze. 5,17,19,20

aqve unda aRiniSnos is mniSvnelovani faqti, rom saqarTvelos hidro-

teqnikuri mSeneblobis istoriaSi winamdebare proeqti erTerTi pirvelia,

6

romelic ar sruldeba e.w. "daxuruli", gasaidumloebuli TematikiT,

rogorc es yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi warmoebda, amdenad, xdeba SesaZlebeli,

rom inJinerTa da specialistTa farTo wre Riad gaecnos proeqtis Sedegebs

da momavalSi Tu saWiroa, gamoiyenos kidec. 14

unda aRiniSnos agreTve isic, rom winamdebare proeqtis ganxorciele-ba

warmoebs proeqtis Semsrulebeli mecnier-specialistTa jgufis mier

saqarTveloSi konkretuli obieqtisaTvis pirvelad damuSavebuli

katastrofuli nakadis moZraobis gaTvlis sakuTari kompiuteruli

programis safuZvelze, rome-lic saTanadod aprobirebulia da

adaptirebuli mTiani regionis speci-fiurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

winamdebare proeqtis mizans warmoadgens:

1. im sakiTxebis mimoxilva, romlebic Seexeba eqstremalur pirobebSi

samTo wyalsacavsa da hidrokvanZis qveda biefSi maRali talRebis war-

moqmnis SesaZleblobis dadgenis, agreTve talRuri procesebis Seswav-lis

Tanamedrove Teoriul midgomebsa da saangariSo meTodebs.

2. kaSxlis mTliani garRveviT gamowveuli talRis qveda biefSi gavr-

celebis siCqareebisa da SesaZlo datborvis zonebisa da Sesabamisi

siRrmeebis gaangariSeba (igulisxmeba maqsimaluri talRa, romelic Seesa-

bameba normalur Setborvis dones - nSd).

3. wyalsacavSi wylis donis SesaZlebel forsirebul Semcirebis ("da-

muSavebis") gansazRvra da e.w. "optimaluri damuSavebis donis" dadgena

sagangebo pirobebSi kaSxlis mdgradobis SenarCunebis mizniT.

4. wyalsacavSi aRniSnuli optimaluri damuSavebis donis SemTxvevaSi

kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis parametrebis gansazRvra, datborvis

zonis Semcirebis odenobis dadgena, nSd-is SemTxvevasTan SedarebiT

bunebrivia, rom zemoaRniSnuli hidrodinamikuri gaTvlebi Catarebu-lia

hidrokvanZis qveda biefis Sesabamisad damuSavebuli topografiuli

monacemebis (miwis zedapiris niSnulebi, ganivkveTebi, qanobebi da sxv.) sa-

fuZvelze. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom topografiuli monacemebis kom-

piuterul programaSi CatvirTvisaTvis, damuSavda am monacemebis spe-

cialuri interpolaciuri qveprogramebi organzomilebiani da samganzo-

milebiani SemTxvevebisaTvis, Sesabamisad ganivkveTebisa da mTliani ka-

lapotis warmosaxvis mizniT.

7

1. eqstremalur pirobebSi hidrokvanZis biefebSi wylis talRuri procesebis Seswavlis sainJinro meTodebis mimoxilva

sxvadasxva tipis wyalsacavebi wylis talRuri moZraobis maTematikuri

modelirebis mizniT gamoiyeneba diferencialur gantolebaTa sistemebi,

romlebic fundfamentalur hidromeqanikur kanonebs asaxaven. es aris

moZraobis uwyvetonis (masis Senaxvis) da energiis Senaxvis (moZraobis

raodenobis Senaxvis) arawrfivi gantolebebis sistemebi. praqtikaSi,

sainJinro amocanebis amoxsnisas Cveulebriv, mimarTaven miaxloebiT

Teoriebs, romlebic garkveuli daSvebebsa da gamartivebas efuZneba. qvemoT

mokled SevexebiT maT [5], [13].

1.1. rogorc sainJinro praqtika aCvenebs, siTxis talRur moZraobasTan

dakavSirebuli amocanebis farTo klasis ganxilvisas, savsebiT misaRebia

daSveba imis Sesaxeb, rom 0Vrot (sadac V – wylis siCqaris veqtoria). es

niSnavs imas, rom am dros talRuri rxevebiT mocul siTxis areSi

grigaluri moZraobis mdgeneli nulis tolia. am SemTxvevaSi siTxis moZ-

raobas ewodeba potenciuri da misi daxasiaTeba SeiZleba siTxis

samganzomilebiani moZraobis SemTxvevaSi garkveuli (x,y,z,t) funqciis

safuZvelze, romelsac siCqaris potenciali ewodeba [5,13].

am SemTxvevaSi uwyvetobis gantoleba SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnas ma-

Tematikuri fizikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi gantolebis, laplasis gantolebis

saxiT[16].

maTematikuri fizikis aRniSnuli sasazRvro amocanis amoxsnis (anu -

funqciis gansazRvris) Sedegad SesaZlebeli xdeba Sesabamisi sawyisi da

sasazRvro pirobebis dacviT, wyliT mocul areSi (wyalsacavSi) yvela

hidrodinamikuri parametris, kerZod ki, talRis amplitudis ( ) da siCqaris

komponentebis (u,v,w) povna. aseT midgomas efuZneba e.w. mc i re ampl i tud i

s talReb i s (mat/SAW) Teor i a.

1.2. meore miaxloebiTi Teoriis, m a r C x i w y l i s ( m w / S W )

T e o r i i s Tanaxmad, talRis simaRle wyalsatevis siRrmesTan SedarebiT

SeiZleba ar iyos mcire; gaiTvalisiwneba agreTve kalapotis fskerze

moqmedi xaxunis Zalebi da kalapotis qanobi. mTavari daSveba am TeoriaSi

aris is, rom nakadis siCqareebi misi siRrmis (vertikaluri z Rer-Zis)

8

mixedviT ar icvleba anu miiReba, rom siCqaris vertikaluri mdgeneli nulis

tolia. amgvarad, wnevis ganawileba siTxeSi pirdapir proporciulia

siRrmisa da emorCileba hidrostatikis kanons [5], [15].

miRebuli mw gantolebebi arawrfivia da maTi amoxsnis mizniT saWiroa

ricxviTi (sasrulsxvaobiTi an sasruli elementebis) meTodebis gamoyeneba

[1]. bunebrivia, rom am dros SesaZlebelia kalapotis formis gaTvalisiwneba,

rogorc ganivkveTSi, aseve gegmaSi (Tu es forma ar ganicdis mkveTr

cvlilebas).

marCxi wylis Teoriis safuZvelze SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, mxolod

erTganzomilebiani an organzomilebiani (gegmaSi) wylis moZraobis

SemTxvevebi (nax.1).

marCxi wylis erTganzomilebian uwyvetobisa da moZraobis gantolebaTa

sistemas xSirad, senvenanis gantolebebs uwodeben[15]. maTi Cawera SeiZleba

Semdegnairad

,0xQ

t (1.1)

,2

||)(10 gR

UUixhQU

xtg (1.2)

sadac h- aris wylis nakadis siRrme;

U - dinebis saSualo siCqare;

i0– ka-lapotis fskeris qanobi;

- ganivkveTis farTobi;

Q - nakadis xarji

x - ganivkveTis koordinata;

t – dro;

- hidravlikuri xaxunis koeficienti

R - hidravlikuri radiusi;

C - Sezis koeficienti (maningis formulis Tanaxmad is tolia C=(1/n)R1/6

sadac n - kalapotis xorklianobis koefi-cientia).

9

Fig.1. One- and two-dimensional unsteady flow design schemes

nax.1 erT- da organzomilebiani arastacionaruli nakadis saangariSo

sqema

unda aRiniSnos, rom Cvens mier dadgenil kriteriumebis mniSvnelobaTa

fargleb-Si [5], mat Teoriis analizur gamosaxulebaTa saSualebiT

miRebuli angariSis Sedegebi praqtikulad identuria Sesabamisi mw modelis

ricxviTi realizaciis monacemebTan.

1.3. mokled SevexoT kidev erT SedarebiT martiv Teoriul midgomas. saqme

imaSia, rom zogierTi tipis talRa, kerZod, boris tipis talRa[12], [13],

romelsac gaaCnia praqtikulad vertikaluri fronti da vrceldeba formis

10

Seucvlelad, SeiZleba aRweril iqnas impulsis (anu moZraobis raodenobis)

Senaxvis kanonis saSualebiT.

nax.2 gamosaxulia umartivesi sqema, rodesac boris tipis talRa si-

maRliT vrceldeba h0 siRrmis wyalsacavSi, romlis qanobia i0=0. amasTan,

igulisxmeba, rom moqmedi Zalebia mxolod nakveTuris wona da hid-

rodinamikuri wneva a da b kveTebSi.

Fig. 2. Design scheme for calculating the bore type wave

nax.2 saangariSo sqema boris tipis talRis SemTxvevaSi

im SemTxvevaSi (Tu aRniSnuli wyalsatevi prizmatulia da gaaCnia mudmivi

sworkuTxa ganivkveTi), maSin talRis gavrcelebis siCqare tolia

)2(121

00

1 hh

gC (1.3)

kerZod, am formulis Tanaxmad Tu <<h0, maSin 01 ghC , anu miviRebT

cnobil lagranJis formulas, romliTac ganisazRvreba grZeli talRebis

gavrcelebis siCqare [13].

11

unda aRiniSnos, rom samTo wyalsacavebSi eqstremalur pirobebSi (mi-

wisZvrebi, mewyerebi da sxv.) generirebuli talRebis Seswavla daiwyo

pirvelad yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi 70-iani wlebSi saqarTvelos energetikisa

da hidroteqnikuri nagebobebis institutSi. am institutSi es kvlevebi

SemdegSic gagrZelda, rogorc Teoriulad, ZiriTadad, mat Teoriis

gamoyenebiT (Tematikis xelmZRvaneli T.gvelesiani), agreTve eqs-

perimentalurad institutis hidravlikur laboratoriaSi (Tematikis

xelmZRvaneli g.mamraZe). gamoqveynebuli iyo bevri naSromi, maT Soris

monografiebi [5.19,20]; Sesrulebuli iyo aTamde teqnikuri angariSi (Reports)

yofil ssrk-s respublikebSi, maRali, maT Soris unikaluri kaSxlebis da-

proeqtebisa da eqspluataciis stadiebze. kvlevaTa Sedegebi gamoyenebuli

iyo agreTve, saxelmwifo samSeneblo normativebSi, maT Soris "snip"-ebSi [1-

4].

1983-85 wlebSi amave institutSi Catarda, rogorc konkretuli hidro-

kvanZis kaSxlis darRveviT warmoqmnili talRis gaTvla (moskovis hidro-

proeqtSi damuSavebuli hidravlikuri erTganzomilebiani modelis sa-

fuZvelze), agreTve am talRis eqsperimentaluri Seswavla pirvelad sab-

WoTa kavSirSi msxvil masStabian modelze naturul pirobebSi (md.aragvis

noRakalapotis erTkilometrian ubanze) [11]. (xelmZR. g.gvazava).

bolo wlebSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi gamoyenebiT maTe-

matikis kaTedraze damuSavebul iqna mTeli rigi saangariSo algoriTmi mw

Teoriis safuZvelze da Seswavlil iqna gaTvlis procesTan dakavSirebuli

maTematikuri aspeqtebi (xelmZR. h.melaZe). 5

amgvarad, mTian regionebSi ganlagebul hidrokvanZebis biefebSi eqst-

remalur pirobebSi gamowveuli maRali talRebisa da maTi garemoze saSiSi

zemoqmedebis mecnieruli Seswavlis gamocdileba saqarTveloSi sakmaod

didia da moicavs ramdenime aTeul wels.

12

2. hidrokvanZis zogadi daxasiaTeba

proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli xudonis kaSxali ganlagebuli iqneba

svaneTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi) mdinare engurze (romelic sigrZiT

Seadgens 213km) sofel xaiSis axlos. es ukanaskneli daSorebulia Tbiliss

405km-iT, xolo uaxloes rkinigzis xazs zugdidSi – 70km-iT (nax.3) xudonis

hidrokvanZis wyalsacavi aris sezonuri regulirebis, xolo hidrokvanZis

daniSnulebaa – eleqtruli energiis gamomuSaveba (nax.4)

hidrokvanZis SemadgenlobaSia Semdegi mTavari hidroteqnikuri nagebobebi:

1. betonis kaSxali (ix. qvemoT)

2. wyalmimRebebi. gaTvaliswinebulia sami wyalmimRebi gvirabis ageba.

TiToeuli maTganis diametria 6m, xolo sigrZe Seadgens 57.5m. wyalmimRebi

farebis zomebia 5m×6.20m.

3. mimyvani gvirabi - warmodgenilia sami gvirabiT, TiToeulis diametria 6m,

xolo sigrZeebi 240m, 260m da 280m tolia

4. sadawneo milsadenebi – ganlagebuli iqneba 3 xazi foladis

milsadenebisa. diametriT TiToeuli 6m. maTi meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli

iqneba mimyvani gvirabebis dakavSIreba eleqtro-sadgurTan. am milebis

sigrZe Seadgens 156m.

5. sarini gvirabi – Sedgeba sami xazi – gvirabisagan, romelTa diametria 8m.

sigrZe ki 145m tolia.

6. marcxena sanapirosTan mdebare wyalsagdebi nageboba

7. kaSxlis Txemis (zedapiruli) wyalsagdebi

8. 2 fskeruli wyalgasaSvebi

9. STanTqmeli Wa

xudonis kaSxali warmoadgens betonis TaRovan kaSxals, misi parametrebia:

- kaSxlis maqsimaruri simaRlea 200.5m

- misi sigrZe Txemis gaswvriv aris 522.0m

- Txemis niSnulia 702.0m

- Txemis siganea 9.0m

- kaSxlis Ziris siganea 42.1m

xudonis wyalsacavis ZiriTadi parametrebia:

- normaluri Setborvis donis (nSd) niSnuli - 700.0

- mkvdari moculobis donis (mSd) niSnuli –630.0

13

xudonis wyalsacavi

xudonis TaRovani

kaSxali

F

ig.3

Pla

n of

the

Khu

doni

hyd

raul

ic p

roje

ct a

t the

Eng

uri r

iver

nax.3 md. engurze xudonis hidrokvanZis gegma

14

md. enguri River Enguri

xudonis TaRovani kaSxali

=200.5m Khudoni arch dam H=200.5 m

Fig. 4 Plan of Khudoni hydraulic project. The main hydraulic structures: 1- intakes

2- head race tunnels 3- pressure shafts 4- tail race tunnels 5- bottom outlets 6-crest

(surface) spillway 7- absorption well (sump) 8-left bank spillway

nax.4 xudonis hidrokvanZis gegma. ZiriTadi hidroteqnikuri

nagebobebi: 1- wyalmimRebi 2- mimyvani gvirabebi 3- sadawneo

milsadenebi 4- sarini gvirabebi 5- fskeruli wyalgasaSvebi 6-

zeda-piruli wyalsagdebi 7- STamnTqmeli Wa 8- marcxena

napiris wyalsagdebi.

15

- wyalsacavis moculoba – 364.5 mln.m3 (nSd-is dros)

- sasargeblo moculoba 223 mln.m3

- mkvdari moculoba 141.5 mln.m3

- wyalsacavis sigrZe 14.2 km

- wyalsacavis zedapiris sarkis farTobi ( ) 5.2km2 (nSd-is dros)

enguris kaSxlisa da wyalsacavis parametrebia:

- betonis TaRovani kaSxali maqsimaluri simaRliT 271.5 m

- normaluri Setborvis donis niSnuli wyalsacavSi – 510.0

- wyalsacavis mTliani moculoba – 1.100100 mlr.m3

- sasargeblo moculoba – 676.0 mln.m3

- wyalsacavis fskeris niSnuli kaSxalTan – 285 m

- maqsimaluri siRrme 225m

- wyalsacavis sigane icvleba 100...200m-dan 1500...1700m-mde (kaSxlis zonaSi).

xudonis hidrokvanZis wyalsacavisaTvis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli

damokidebulebebi wyalsacavis moculobasa da niSnuls, agreTve

wyalsacavis zedapiris (sarkis) farTobsa da niSnuls Soris warmodgenilia

nax.5-ze.

aRniSnuli grafikuli monacemebis damuSavebis Sedegad Cven miviReT

miaxloebiTi damokidebulebebi wyalsacavis siRrmes ( ) da moculobas ( )

Soris Semdegi saxiT

(2.1)

(2.2)

sadac w gamosaxulia mln.m3-Si

agreTve , aRniSnuli monacemebis saSualebiT miRebul iqna Semdegi

formulebi:

16

Fig.5 Reservoir volume and water surface curves for the Khudoni dam

nax.5 wyalsacavis moculobisa da sarkis zedapiris mrudebi

(2.3)

(2.4)

(2.6)

magaliTad, rodesac (normaluri Setborvis done),

wyalsacavis maqsimaluri moculoba Seadgens mln.m3 da

(2.2) formulis saSualebiT viRebT m. amave SemTxvevaSi,

formula (2.3) gvaZlevs =5.2 km2

17

qvemoT warmodgenilia cxrili 1, sadac moyvanilia (2.1) da (2.2)

formulebis saSualebiT miRebuli wyalsacavis iseTi elementebis

mniSvnelobebi, rogoricaa

1. hdec wyalsacavis damuSavebis siRrme, romelic ganisazRvreba ase

ddec = ( H)max- H

sadac ( H)max = 700.0 aris normaluri Setborvis donis niSnuli

H- wyalsacavis donis niSnuli

2. h - wyalsacavis siRrme kaSxalTan, romelic tolia

h=hmax - hdec,

sadac hmax aris wyalsacavis maqsimaluri siRrme kaSxalTan

(hmax 180m)

3. W/Wmax – wyalsacavis damuSavebis xarisxis fardobiTi

damaxasiaTebeli;

W – aris wyalsacavis moculoba wylis donis sxvadasxva

niSnulisaTvis,

Wmax=364.5 mln.m3- wyalsacavis maqsimaluri moculoba

wyalsacavis elementebi cxrili 1

#hdec

700- (m)

h180- hdec

(m) (km2)W

(Mm3) W/Wmax%

1 635 65 115 2.4 108.6 30.1

2 640 60 120 2.6 121.7 33.7

3 645 55 125 2.8 141.5 39.2

4 650 50 130 3.05 150.9 41.8

5 655 45 135 3.3 166.9 46.2

18

6 660 40 140 3.48 184.0 50.9

7 665 35 145 3.7 202.2 56.0

8 670 30 150 3.91 221.4 61.3

9 675 25 155 4.12 241.7 67.0

10 680 20 160 4.34 263.2 72.9

11 690 10 170 4.77 309.6 85.8

12 700 0 180 5.0 360.9 100.0

19

3. wyalsacavis forsirebuli damuSavebis pirobebi

xudonis wyalsacavi ganlagebulia mTian raionSi, viwro xeobaSi.

maRal niSnulebisaTvis xeobis ganivkveTis formas axasiaTebs

gaganiereba, ris gamo xdeba wyalsacavis moculobis mniSvnelovani

gazrda. wyalsacavis damuSavebisas wylis SedarebiT didi moculobebis

Cagdebis SemTxvevaSic, dawneva kaSxalze icvleba umniSvnelod

moculobebsa da siRrmeebs Soris aRniSnuli (saerTod, samTo

wyalsacavebis damaxasiaTebeli) specifikuri damokidebulebis gamo.

xudoni wyalsacavis SemTxvevisaTvis nax.6-ze warmodgenilia h da

W/Wmax sidideebs Soris arsebuli grafikuli damokidebuleba agebuli

cxr.1 moyvanili monacemebis mixedviT (sadac h – siRrmeebia kaSxalTan,

xolo W/Wmax – wyalsacavis Sevsebis xarisxi wyalsacavis damuSavebis

periodSi.

rogorc nax. 6-dan Cans, funqcia hd=f(W/Wmax) SeiZleba dayofil iqnes

miaxloebiT, sam a, b da C ubnad da Sesabamis areebad. are C SemTxvevaSi,

aRniSnuli damokidebuleba SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas Semdegi wrfivi

funqciis saxiT

h=(h)0+tg 3(W/Wmax)

sadac 3 – am wrfis daxris kuTxea horizontTan.

analogiuri damokidebulebebi gveqneba b daa ubnebis SemTxvevaSic ( 2

da 1 – Sesabamisi daxris kuTxeebia).

amasTan, sruldeba Semdegi piroba: 3< 2< 1.

es niSnavs imas, rom mcire 3 kuTxis SemTxvevaSi, W/Wmax sididis

mniSvnelovani Semcirebisas (100-dan 50%-mde), dawneva kaSxalze (anu h

siRrme) SedarebiT mcired icvleba. amis sapirispirod, SedarebiT didi

kuTxis - 1 SemTxvevaSi, W/Wmax sididis mcire cvlileba iwvevs h

siRrmeebis mniSvnelovan Semcirebas.

maSasadame, aRniSnul C arisaTvis, romelic 3 kuTxiT xasiaTdeba,

wyalsacavis damuSavebis RonisZieba kaSxlis ngreviT gamowveuli

datborvis zonis Semcirebis miz-niT, araefeqturia, vinaidan am

SemTxvevaSi xdeba wylis gadagdeba didi raodenobiT, xolo dawnevis

20

sidide h (romelic ganapirobebs talRis sawyis maqsimalur simaRles da

Sesabamisad datborvis intensivobas) mcirdeba umniSvnelod.

a arisTvis, romelic 1 kuTxiT xasiaTdeba, wyalsacavis damuSavebis

procedura azrs kargavs, vinaidan wyali wyalsacavSi praqtikulad aRar

rCeba.

Fig.6 The relationship between the reservoir depth and its relativevolume (related to the reservoir optimal drawdown issue)

nax.6 damokidebuleba wyalsacavis siRrmesa da misi

fardobiT moculobas Soris (wyalsacavis optimaluri

damuSavebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT)

aqedan gamomdinare, wyalsacavis damuSavebis "optimalur ared", SeiZleba

CavTvaloT b are. am SemTxvevaSi, wyalsacavis SedarebiT naklebi in-

tensivobiT damuSavebisas (Sevsebis xarisxi W/Wmax icvleba 50-30%-is

farglebSi), dawnevis sidide kaSxalze mcirdeba ufro metad, vidre C

aris SemTxvevaSi. amgvarad, SeiZleba uzrunvelyofil iqnes, rogorc dat-

borvis aris Semcireba (W/Wmax=100%-iani Sevsebis SemTxvevebTan

21

SedarebiT), aseve kaSxlis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT

wyalsacavSi wylis saWiro minimaluri maragis SenarCuneba.

aRniSnuli faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT xudonis kaSxlis ngrevis Sem-

TxvevaSi, datborvis zonis Semcirebisa da realuri efeqtis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT SesaZleblad miviCnevT, rom sagangebo pirobebSi

wyalsacavis damuSaveba moxdes daaxloebiT H=635.0 niSnulamde. am

SemTxvveaSi wylis moculoba wyalsacavSi Seadgens W=108.6 mln.m3, xolo

damuSavebis siRrmea hdec=65.0 m (cxr.1). amasTan mkvdari moculobis didi

nawili SenarCunebuli iqneba kaSxlis mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad.

4. xudonis kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis qveda biefSi

transformaciis procesis maTematikuri modelireba

4.1. Ria kalapotebSi siTxis arastacionaruli moZraobis marCxi wylis

Teoriuli daSvebebi da diferencialuri

gantolebaTa sistemebi

ZiriTadi cnebebi da winamZRvrebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba mdinareebis

maTematikuri modelirebisas gamoxatulebas pouloben Ria kalapotebSi

siTxis arastacionaruli dinebis gantolebaTa saxiT. es gantolebebi

warmoadgenen rTuli hidrodinamikuri procesebis gamartivebul

modelebs da gamosaxaven am procesebze yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani

faqtorebis gavlenas, amasTan ugulebelyofen meorexarisxovani

faqtorebis moqmedebas.

zemoT aRniSnuli (p.1) mw Teoriis safuZvelze arastacionaruli

dinebis gantolebebis miRebisas gamoiyeneba Semdegi daSvebebi:

1. dineba erTganzomilebiani e.i. siCqare ganivkveTSi mudmivia (ix.p.1) da

wylis done ganivi mimarTulebiT horizontaluria;

2. denis wirebis simrude mcirea anu dineba mdovred cvladia da ver-

tikaluri aCqarebebi umniSvneloa, Sesabamisad, wnevebi hidrostatiku-ria

22

3. kalapotis sazRvrebze xaxunis, agreTve turbulentobis gavlena

SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes analogiurad imisa, rogorc es warmoebs

dinebis stacionaruli (damyarebuli) reJimis SemTxvevaSi;

4. kalapotis fskeris saSualo qanobi SedarebiT mcirea da Sesabamisad,

fskerisa da horizontals Soris arsebuli kuTxis ( ) kosinusi

SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes erTis tolia. aRvniSnoT, rom sxvadasxva tipis

dinebis Seswavlisas SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes iseTi kalapotebi,

romelTa ganivkveTebs axasiaTebs nebismieri da cvladi forma dinebis

gaswvrivi RerZis mimarT, magram ganivkveTis aseTi cvlileba ar unda

iyos mkveTri, rac ganpirobebulia zemoaRniSnuli denis wirebis mcire

simrudis moTxovniT.

4.2. maTematikuri modelirebis ganxorcielebis pirobebi

diferencialuri formiT warmodgenil uwyvetobis (masis Senaxvis) da

moZraobis raodenobis Senaxvis gantolebaTa sistemas, is SeeZleba

miRebul iqnes rogorc (1.1) da (1.2) saxiT, aseve u(x,t) da h(x,t) cvladebis

mimarT Caweril Semdegi gantolebebebis saSualebiT[15]

(5.1)

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, diferencialur gantolebaTa sistema

(1.1-1.2) (an (5.1)), warmoadgens maTematikur models, romelic aRwers Ria

kalapotebSi wylis arastacionarul dinebas.

winamdebare proeqtSi aRniSnuli sistemis amoxsnis dros es ganto-

lebebi ganixileba Sesabamis sawyis da sasazRvro pirobebTan erTob-

livad. es pirobebi Semdegnairadaa warmodgenili:

I sawyisi pirobis dros, rodesact=0, mocemulia, rom

.0)ii(gxhg

xuu

tu

;0xb

uxhu

xu

bth

0f

consth

23

h=h1(x), rodesac xicvleba 0 X l0SualedSi;

II sasazRvro pirobis dros, rodesac x=0, mocemulia, rom q=q(t)

sadac l0 – aris zonkaris wyalsacavis sigrZe (anu manZili x=0 kveTidan

x =l0 kveTamde);

h1(x) – siRrmeebi xudoni wyalsacavis oTx kveTSi (1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4) (sadac

4-4 kaSxlis kveTia);

q(t) – wyalsacavis sawyis kveTSi (x=0) anu mdinaris SesarTavis kveTSi,

mdinare enguris xarji. saangariSo xarjia =2500 m3/wm (rac Seesabameba

0.001% uzrunvelyofis maqsimalur xarjs)

wyalsacavis moculoba miaxloebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros zemoT

miRebuli da damokidebulebebis safuZvelze.

rac Seexeba am proeqts, wyalsacavis moculobis gaangariSeba

TiToeul siRrmisaTvis (wylis donisaTvis) warmoebda specialurad

damuSavebuli kompiuteruli qveprogramis saSualebiT, rac

uzrunvelyofda wyalsacavis moculobis gansazRvris sizustes.

kaSxlis ngreviT warmoqmnili talRis qveda biefSi gavrcelebis pro-

cesis maTematikuri modelirebis mizniT garda wyalsacavis moculobisa,

saWiroa gvqondes agreTve, md. enguris kalapotis ganivkveTebi talRis

gavrcelebis mTel trasaze.

winamdebare naSromSi miRebul talRis gavrcelebis kompiuterul

programaSi arsebuli topografiuli monacemebis CatvirTvis (gamoye-

nebis) mizniT, Sedgenil iqna am monacemebis interpolaciuri damuSavebis

specialuri qve-programebi.

es qveprogramebi saSualebas iZleva TiToeuli ganivkveTisaTvis ar-

sebuli monacemebis kompiuterul-interpolaciuri wesiT damuSavebis

Sedegad da am gziT miRebuli ramdenime aseulidan ramdenime aTaseuli

wertilis monacemebis bazaze, grafikulad gamovsaxoT mdinaris

kalapotis TiToeuli ganivkveTi im formiT, romelic maqsimalurad

uaxlovdeba bunebrivs da TiTqmis misi identuri xdeba. Sesabamisi

kompiuteruli damuSavebis Sedegad ganxorcielebulia agreTve, sivrceSi

am ganivkveTebis dakavSirebis procedura anu mdinaris mTliani

kalapotis grafikuli aproqsimacia talRis gavrcelebis mTel sigrZeze

(nax.7). topografiuli monacemebis aRniSnuli kompiuteruli damuSavebis

axali meTodis gamoyeneba emsaxureba, gansaxilveli procesis

24

maTematikuri modelirebis, Zvel meTodTan SedarebiT ufro maRali

sizustiT ganxorcielebas.

proeqtSi gamoyenebuli sasrul sxvaobiTi meTodis gamoyenebisas miRe-

buli saangariSo sqemis Sesaxeb mokled aRvniSnoT Semdegi. rogorc

cnobilia [15], `cxadi sxvaobiTi sqemebis~ gamoyenebisas hidravlikuri

cvlilebis gansazRvra romelime drois doneze, saerTod warmoebs im

monacemebis safuZvelze, romlebic cnobilia drois wina doneze (wina

wertilebSi). laqsivendorfis sqemis Tanaxmad, gamoTvlebi warmoebs e.w.

or-bijiani sqemiT [15]. am SemTxvevaSi pirvel saangariSo bijze warmoebs

saZiebeli funqciis -is Sualeduri mniSvnelobis gansazRvra j+(1/2) da

n+(1/2) wertilebSi, xolo meore bijze funqciis am Sualeduri mniSv-

nelobis saSualebiT funqciis povna drois axali (n+1) donisaTvis.

zemoaRniSnulis Tanaxmad, gaTvlebis pro-cedura ase SeiZleba warmovid-

ginoT

winamdebare proeqtSi ganxorcielda aRniSnuli laqsivendrofis saan-

gariSo sqemis modifikacia, saxeldobr Cven vsargeblobdiT Semdegi sqe-

miT

am SemTxvevaSi miRebuli funqciis safuZvelze xdeboda

gaangariSeba funqciis, romelic Seesabameboda drois wina dones,

Semdegi gamosaxulebis saSualebiT

winamdebare proeqtis Sesrulebisas damkveTTan SeTanxmebiT

miRebul iqna sagangebo situaciaSi xudonis betonis TaRovani kaSxlis

TandaTanobiTi da nawilobrivi ngrevis (ix.nax.8) Semdegi sqema:

sawyis momentSi wyalsacavis 100%-ani Sevsebisas (anu nSd dros) kaSxlis

Sua nawilSi mTel mis simaRleze warmoiqmneba garRveva, romlis sigane

Seadgens kaSxlis Txemis sigrZis daaxloebiT 20%; 7.5 wuTis Semdeg

njF

1njF

1nj

)2/t(II21n

21j

)2/t(Inj FFF bijibiji

2nj

)t(II1n

21j

)t(Inj FFF bijibiji

2njF

1njF

2FF

F2n

jnj1n

j

25

kaSxlis garRvevis sigane izrdeba 0.3 , xolo momdevno 7.5 wuTSi aRwevs-

04 Semdeg wyalsacavis daclis mTeli xnis ganmavlobaSi garRvevis

sigane mudmivi rCeba.

50% da 30% Sevsebis dros miRebuli saangariSo sqemis mixedviT

garRvevis sigane dasawyisidanve aRwevda 0.4 da Semdeg cvlilebas ar

ganicdida.

26

nax. 7. kalapotis aproqsimacia or kveTs Soris kompiuteruli

interpolaciis meTodiT algeTis hidrokvanZis magaliTze

Fig. 7. Approximation the river channel between two cross-section used the computational interpotation method for Algeti hydro-works

27

l d

0.2l

d

0.3l

d

0.

4ld

Fig.

8 T

he d

esig

n sc

hem

e of

the

brea

k fo

rmat

ion

in th

e K

hudo

ni d

am

nax.8

saangariSo

sqema

garRvevis

warmoqmnisa

xudonis

kaSxalSi

28

4.3. maTematikuri modelis ricxviTi realizaciis Sedegebi

xudoni kaSxlis ngreviT gamowveuli talRis hidrokvanZis qveda

biefSi gavrcelebis procesis maTematikuri modelirebis Sedegebi

dawvrilebiT aris warmodgenili qvemoT moyvanili grafikuli masalisa

da Sesabamisi cxrilebis saxiT. grafikuli masala Seexeba mdinare

enguris sxvadasxva kveTSi (ix. danarTi 1) talRis parametrebis

cvlilebas diskretuli droisa da sivrcis (x – koordinatTa RerZis)

mixedviT.

talRis qveda biefSi zemoqmedebis Sedegebi TiToeul kveTSi

xasiaTdeba iseTi parametrebiT rogoricaa:

1. h – talRis simaRle (an datborvis siRrme);

2. u – talRis siCqare (mudmivi sididea TiToeul ganivkveTSi drois

mocemul momentSi);

3. q=u – nakadis xarji;

4. (x) – talRis profili;

5. B datborvis zonis sigane (nakadis zedapiris donis niSnulze).

danarTSi 2 moyvanilia yvela kveTisaTvis aRniSnuli parametrebis

maxasiaTebeli grafikebi, saxeldobr h=f1(t)u=f2(t),q=f3(t),B=f(t),

damokidebulebis grafikebi, agreTve =f(x) talRis profilebi mdinaris

kalapotis gaswvriv sxvadasxva drois momentisaTvis. yvela es monacemi

miRebulia wyalsacavis Sevsebis (anu damuSavebis) sami SemTxvevisaTvis,

rodesac W/Wmax=100%, 50% da 30%.

danarTSi 3 gamoyenebuli aRniSvnebi warmoadgenen:

hmax – datborvis maqsmialur siRrmes (talRis maqsimalur simaRles);

tmax – talRis Txemis mocemul kveTSi mosvlis drois moments;

tst – talRis frontis mosvlis moments;

tend – talRis bolo nawilis (kudis) mosvlis moments;

tpr – drois im periods, romelic sWirdeba talRas, rom mTlianad

gaiaros kveTSi.

da datborvis zonis sigane wyalsacavis 100% da 30% Sevdebisas

29

cxril 3.2Si (danarTi 3) moyvanili monacemebi Seesabameba kaSxlis

ngreviT ganpirobebuli nakadis (talRis) parametrebis maqsimalur

mniSvnelobebs.

amave danarT 3-Si (cxr. 3.4) moyvanilia agreTve, monacemebi

(procentuli gamoxatulebiT), romlebic axasiaTeben Setborvis xarisxis

Semcirebas wyalsacavis 30%-iani Sevsebisas (100% SevsebasTan SedarebiT).

daskvnebi

1. ganxilulia is Teoriuli midgomebi da daSvebebi, romlebic gamo-

iyeneba talRuri moZraobis Semswavlel TeoriebSi, kerZod wrfiv, mcire

amplitudis talRebis (mat) da arawrfiv marCxi wylis (mw) TeoriebSi.

mat Teoriis safuZvelze SeiZleba Seswavlil iqnas hidrodinamikuri

(talRuri) procesebi hidrokvanZis zeda biefSi (wyalsacavSi). xolo mw

Teoriis safuZvelze – qveda biefSi, kerZod kaSxlis ngreviT ganpi-

robebuli maRali talRis gavrcelebis procesi.

2. kaSxlis zeda qimTan mimdebare ubnis ngrevis Sedegad iqmneba

garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi, kaSxlis intensiuri warecxvis (gruntis

kaSxlebis SemTxvevaSi), mTlianad ngrevisa da qveda biefSi maRali

talRis gavrcelebis safrTxe. ufro katastrofuli Sedegebia

mosalodneli kaSxlis myisieri, mTel simaRleze garRvevis SemTxvevaSi,

amitom, am dros warmoqmnili damangreveli talRis parametrebisa da misi

zemoqmedebis maTematikuri prognozireba umniSvnelovanes socialur da

ekologiur amocanas warmoadgens.

3. Cvens mier miRebulia marCxi wylis (mw) arawrfivi Teoriis

safuZvelze Ria kalapotebSi arastacionaruli erTganzomilebiani

dinebis diferencialuri gantolebebis sistemis diskretuli amonaxsni

(sasrul-sxvaobiTi meTodis saSualebiT), kaSxlis ngreviT warmoqmnili

talRis qveda biefSi gavrcelebis gaangariSebis mizniT. amasTan,

ganxorcielda laqsivendrofis cxadi sxvaobiTi sqemis modifikacia,

ramac uzrunvelyo gaangariSebis procesSi cdomilebaTa dagrovebis

minimumamde dayvana da miRebuli Sedegebis praqtikuli sizuste. es

kerZod, dadasturebul iqna aRniSnuli sqemis safuZvelze Catarebuli

30

Teoriuli gaangariSebaTa Sedegebisa da arsebuli eqsperimentaluri

monacemebis Sedarebis safuZvelze , garda amisa, proeqtSi

gaangariSebebiT miRebuli nakadis xar-jis droSi cvlilebis

damokidebulebis (q=f(t)) analizma aCvena, rom am damokidebulebis droSi

integrebis (wyalsacavis mTlianad daclis xangrZlivobis intervalSi)

Sedegad miiReba kaSxlis ngrevis momentSi wyalsacavSi arsebuli wylis

moculobis mniSvneloba, rac agreTve, metyvelebs proeqtSi

ganxorcielebuli maTematikuri modelirebis koreqtulobaze da

ricxviTi realizaciis Sedegebis sakmaris sizusteze.

4. mdinare enguris kalapotis maxasiaTebeli topografiuli

monacemebis talRis transformaciis kompiuterul programaSi CatvirTvis

mizniT, Sedgenil iqna am monacemebis interpolaciuri damuSavebis

specialuri qveprogramebi. amis Sedegad, wyalsacavisa da kalapotis

yvela ganivkveTi gamosaxuli iqna im formiT, rome-lic maqsimalurad

uaxlovdeba bunebrivs, (TiTqmis misi identuri xdeba). ganxorcielebulia

agreTve, sivrceSi am ganivkveTebis dakavSirebis kom-piuteruli

procedura anu mdinaris mTliani kalapotis grafikuli ap-roqsimacia

talRis gavrcelebis mTel sigrZeze. (nax. 7).

proeqtSi topografiuli monacemebis damuSavebis aRniSnuli axali me-

Todis gamoyeneba emsaxureba gansaxilveli procesis maTematikuri mode-

lirebis ganxorcielebas, Zvel meTodTan SedarebiT, ufro didi

sizustiT.

5. proeqtSi, talRuri nakadis gavrcelebis detaluri maTematikuri

prognozirebis mizniT, warmodgenilia TiToeuli kveTisaTvis am nakadis

yvela parametris (h – nakadis siRrme; u – siCqare; q – xarji; talRis

profili; B – datborvis zonis sigane) t- droze da x – grZiv

koordinatze damokidebulebis grafikebi. gaTvlebi Catarebulia kaSxlis

ngrevis momentSi wyalsacavSi arsebuli wylis Sevsebis (an wyalsacavis

damuSavebis) odenobis sami SemTxvevisaTvis: 100%, 50% da 30%. ukanaskneli

SemTxveva pasuxobs wyalsacavSi wylis Sevsebis "optimalur" dones,

vinaidan am dros qveda biefSi datborvis xarisxi sagrZnobad mcirdeba,

xolo wyalsacavSi rCeva kaSxlis mdgradobis SenarCunebis miznebisaTvis

saWiro minimaluri wylis raodenoba. wyalsacavis 30%-ani damuSavebisas

datborvis zona mcirdeba saSualod 30%-iT. rac Seexeba wyalsacavis 50%

31

damuSavebas, misi praqtikuli mniSvneloba datborvis zonis Semcirebis

TvalsazrisiT, mcirea.

6. xudonis kaSxlis rRvevis gamo warmoqmnili katastrofuli nakadis

enguris wyalsacavSi Semodinebis Sedegad masSi warmoiqmneba iseTi

msxvilmasStabiani, intensiuri hidrodinamikuri procesebi rogoricaa-

wylis Setborva, talRuri ryevebi, talRebis arekvlebi, ukudinebebi,

talRebis perioduli gadaRvra kaSxlis Txemze. pirveli-yvelaze

intensiuri gadaRvra da am dros gadaRvrili wylis moculoba Seadgens

daaxloebiT 170 mln m3 (wyalsacavis 100%-iani Sevsebisas). Semdgomi

gadaRvrebi nakleb intensiuria da isini aq ar ganixileboda.

7. xudonis kaSxlis rRvevis Sedegad warmoqmnili nakadis simaRle masTan

axlomdebare kveTebSi aRwevs daaxloebiT 70m, siCqareebi 40-50m/wm.

enguris kaSxlidan gadaRvrili talRis parametrebis mniSvnelobebi

ufro dabalia aRniSnulTan SedarebiT, magram mniSvnelovan sidideebs

aRweven. talRa mcirdeba mas Semdeg rac Semodis md. enguris qveda welSi

ganlagebul vrcel dablobze, romelic erTi mxridan SemosazRvrulia

mcire simaRlis mTebis zoliT, meore mxridan-irigaciuli arxiT; mesame

mxares mas zRvis sanapiro zoli esazRvreba. es teritoria Seadgens

daaxloebiT 540km2. talRis gavrcelebis Sedegad is daitboreba 0m wylis

sisqis SriT, romlis simaRle daaxloebiT 1.5 sT Semdeg daiwyebs klebas.

amgvarad aq katastrofuli Sedegebi ar aris mosalodneli.

32

literatura

1. Construction standards and regulations (SNiP II-7-81). Construction in seismic areas. Design standards. M. Constr. Publishing House, 1982 (in Russian).

2. Calculation of seismic loads when designing hydraulic structures. Manual to 5GTS SNiP II-7-81.L.1986 (in Russian).

3. Manual for computation of parameters of waves generating in reservoirs in presence of landslide and collapse phenomena. Gosstroi GSSR. Tbilisi, 1986 (in Russian).

4. Manual for determining loads and impacts on hydraulic structures. L.1977 (in Russian).

5. Mamradze G.P., Gvelesiani T.L., Jinjikhashvili G.Ia. Forecast of waves in reservoirs under seismic action M. Energoatomizdat, 1991 (in Russian).

6. IVK and computer in hydraulic researches. Georgian Scientific-Research Institute of Power Engineering and Hydraulic Structures (GruzNIIEGS) Tbilisi, 1986 (in Russian).

7. Gvelesiani T.L., Ostroverkh B.N. et al. Prediction of wave formation in mountain reservoirs during landsfalls and landslides. Power technology and Engineering. Spronger New York. vol.23, No12, 1989 (ISSN 1570-145X).

8. Gvelesiani T. et al. Analysis of wave processes in reservoirs due to earthquakes. XXXI IAHR Congress. Sep.11-16, Seoul, Korea, 2005. Poster session PE-1.

9. Gvelesiani T., Huber A., Koutitas Ch., Matcharadze G. Extreme wave transients in reservoirs, characteristics and interaction with dams. Taylor and Trancis Group. London. 2004. (ISBN 9058096327).

10. Istorik B.L., Liakhter V.M. Distribution of the abrupt wave in a prismatic channel. Flid and gas mechanics. 1. 1975 (in Russian).

11. Gvazava G.N., Kvaratskhelia L.L., Muzaev I.D. Study of abrupt waves transformation in the hydraulic works down stream. Water resources. Moscow 3, 1981 (in Russian).

12. Mishuev A.V. et al. Theoretical analysis of waves reflection at the interaction of an abrupt wave with spill way. Hydraulics of hydraulic structures and hydraulic power plants. Moscow. 1983 (in Russian).

13. Stoker J.J. Water waves. New York. 1957. 14. Gvelesiani T,Palavandishvili G et al. Forecast of impact in downstreams

caused by Algeti and Sioni dams failure. Energy Tbilisi 4(48) 2008 (ISSN 1512-0120) (in Georg.)

15. Cunge J.A., Holly F.M., Verwey A. Practical Aspects of -Computational river hydraulics. London. 1980.

33

16. Jeffreys H., Swiries B. Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vo Campridge Univ. Press. 1966. Korn G.A. and Korn T.M. Mathematical Handbook for scientists and engineers. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York – Toronto – London. 1961.

17. Mays L.W. Water resources engineering. John Wiley and sons. Inc. 2005. 18. Schemes of water protection measures related to the Algeti and Zonkari

reservoirs. “GRUZVODKHOZ” Tbilisi, 1985 19. Gvelesiani T. Theory of wave generation in application to the hydroecological

problems. “Universal” Tbilisi, 2009 (in Russian). 20. Gvelesiani T. Mathematical models of transient waves generation in problems

of environment. Studio Fresco Publishers. Tel-Aviv, 2010

34

d a n a r T e b i

A P P E N D I C I E S

35

danarTi 1

APPENDIX 1

topografiuli monacemebis interpolaciuri meTodiT damuSavebis Sedegebi

(mdinaris kalapotis ganivkveTebi)

THE RESULS OF TOPOGRAFICAL DATA PROCESSING DEVELOPED BY THE INTERPOLATIONAL

METHOD (RIVER CHANNEL CROSS-SECTIONS)

36

cxrili: 1.1

# kveTi fskeris

niSnuli

manZili

sawyis

kveTidan

(m)

manZili

kveTebs

Soris

(m)

1 4 1150.0 4100 4100

2 5 1084.0 8300 4200

3 6 1036.0 11700 3400

4 7 993.0 14400 2700

5 8 947.0 17700 3300

6 9 895.0 21350 3650

7 10 805.0 27500 6150

8 11 760.0 30800 3300

9 12 717.0 34400 3600

10 13 664.0 40200 5800

11 14 627.0 45200 5000

12 15 603.0 48550 3350

13 16 575.0 53350 4800

14 17 568.0 55850 2500

15 18 555.0 60500 4650

16 19 551.6 61850 1350

17 20 543.5 64900 3050

37

danarTi 2

APPENDIX 2

nakadis maxasiaTeblebi

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

38

danarTi 3

APPENDIX 3

Semajamebeli monacmebi (cxrili1-cxrili3)

GENERALIZED DATA (TABLE 1-TABLE 3)

PTRANS ELECTRICA GEORGIA LTD.

xudonhesis proeqtis sagangebo situaciaSi samoqmedo gegmis

mosamzadebeli masalebis damuSaveba

SemuSavebulia konsultantis, mecn.akad.doqt. ivane nonievis mier

Prepared by consultant Ivan Noniev, PhD.

12/27/2011

naSromSi damuSavebulia xudonis kaSxlis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi, kerZoT momzadebulia da

SemoTavazebulia gansaxilvelad kaSxlis SesaZlo ngrevis SemTxvevaSi sagangebo situaciis

samoqmedo gegmis konceptualuri safuZvlebi

2

sarCevi

xudonhesis proeqtis sagangebo situaciaSi samoqmedo gegmis (EAP) mosamzadebeli masalebis damuSaveba ....................................................................................................... 4

Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4

kaSxlis dazianebis (dangrevis) riski ............................................................................................... 4

xudonhesis proeqtis sagangebo situaciaSi samoqmedo gegma (EAP) ................... 6 I. xudonis kaSxlis ZiriTadi saproeqto monacemebi ........................................................... 6

II. xudonis kaSxlis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegmis ganxorcielebis

xuTbijiani proeqti .................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.1. biji 1. xdomilebis aRmoCena .............................................................................................................. 7

2.1.2 biji 2. sagangebo situaciis donis gansazRvra ............................................................ 8

2.1..3. biji 3 Setyobineba da komunikacia ......................................................................................... 11

2.1.4. biji 4. gasaTvaliswinebeli qmedebebi ................................................................................. 15

2.1.5. biji 5. dasruleba ................................................................................................................................... 19

III. prevenciuli RonisZiebebi ......................................................................................................................... 24

IV. prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturoba ..................................................................................... 26

V. Setyobinebebis sistemis organizacia ............................................................................................ 27

cxrili 1. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28

VI. sakomunikacio sistema ................................................................................................................................. 29

cxrili 2. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

VII. datborvis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacia................................................................................. 33

VIII. organizaciuli RonisZiebebi Ramis saaTebSi .................................................................... 35

IX. samuSaoTa organizacia araxelsayrel klimatur pirobebSi................................ 35

X. sagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa dacvis saSualebiT .. 36

XI. kooperaciis organizacia ......................................................................................................................... 37

cxrili 3. kooperaciis Tanmimdevroba kaSxlis ngrevis safrTxis

SemTxvevaSi ................................................................................................................................................................. 38

XII. menejmentis organizacia .......................................................................................................................... 39

XIII. sagangebo situaciebSi samoqmedo gegmis srulyofa .................................................. 39

XIV. mosaxleobis evakuaciis winapirobebi ...................................................................................... 40

XV. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi ............................................................................................................... 41

danarTi ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42

danarTi # 1 ..................................................................................................................................... .......................... 43

3

sagangebo situaciebSi moqmedebis gegmis amocana ............................................................... 43

danarTi # 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 44

moTxovnebi xudonis kaSxlis usafrTxoebis gegmis mimarT ....................................... 44

danarTi # 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 45

1. mizani .......................................................................................................................................................................... 45

2. sawyisi monacemebi .......................................................................................................................................... 45

3. prevenciuli RonisZiebebi ...................................................................................................................... 46

3.1. adrindeli Setyobinebis sistemis (EWS) organizacia ...................................... 46 3.2. sakomunikacio (kavSirgabmulobis) sistema ................................................................... 47

3.3. datborvis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacia ........................................................................ 47

3.4. organizaciuli RonisZiebebi Ramis saaTebSi ............................................................. 47

3.5. samuSaoTa organizacia araxelsayrel klimatur pirobebSi ..................... 48

3.6. damcavi RonisZiebebi mosaxleobisaTvis .......................................................................... 48

3.7. kooperaciis organizacia ............................................................................................................... 49

3.8. koordinaciis organizacia ........................................................................................................... 49

3.9. sagangebo pirobebSi mzadyofnis gegmis srulyofis procedura ............ 49

danarTi # 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 51

SeTanxmeba ganaTebis saSualebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taobaze ............................... 51

danarTi # 5 .............................................................................................................................................................. 52

sagangebo situaciis donis gansazRvris wesebi ................................................................ 52

danarTi 6 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55

danarTi 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 56

danarTi 8 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57

danarTi 9 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58

danarTi 10 ................................................................................................................................................................... 59

danarTi 11 .................................................................................................................................................................... 60

4

xudonhesis proeqtis sagangebo situaciaSi samoqmedo gegmis

(EAP) mosamzadebeli masalebis damuSaveba

Sesavali kaSxlis dazianebis (dangrevis) riski

kaSxlis dazianeba (dangreva) potencialurad katastrofis tolfasia

misi Sedegebidan gamomdinare.

riskis Semcireba: maRali xarisxis proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs

mdinaris maqsimalur xarjs da aseve xarisxiani mSenebloba. kaSxali unda

iyos aRWurvili instrumentaluri monitoringis sistemiT uwyveti

dakvirvebebis CatarebisaTvis da iyos regularuli zedamxedvelobis qveS

damoukidebeli eqspertebis mier, romlebsac unda gaaCndeT Zalaufleba,

raTa maTi rekomendaciebi upirobod iyos Sesrulebuli da gaTvalis-

winebuli rogorc mSeneblobis, aseve eqspluataciis periodSi. obieqtis

eqspluatacias unda eweodes kargad momzadebuli personali, romelic

pirnaTlad da zustad asrulebs teqnikuri instruqciebis moTxovnebs.

obieqtze unda arsebobdes moqmedebis gegmebi arasaStato da sagangebo

situaciebis SemTxvevaSi (Setyobineba, gangaSi da evakuacia, mosaxleobis da

infrastruqturis dacvis RonisZiebebi da a.S.). obieqtis dazianebis

SemTxvevaSi sagangebo situaciis zona unda iyos aRWurvili adrindeli

Setyobinebis sistemiT.

winamdebare naSromis mizania damuSavdes mosamzadebeli masalebi

xudonis kaSxlis (md. engurze) proeqtisaTvis misi dazianebis SemTxvevaSi

sagangebo situaciis samoqmedo gegmisaTvis (EAP). proeqtis am etapze am

gegmis ConCxis damuSaveba iqneba savsebiT sakmarisi imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

rom saboloo damtkicebuli varianti unda arsebobdes obieqtze mSene-

blobis damTavrebis Semdeg. aq iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli axali realobebi,

5

romelic moyva mSeneblobis process da eqspluataciis sawyis etaps

(garemos da infrastruqturis cvlileba, axali dasaxlebebis gaCena,

kaSxlis, misi fuZis da wyalsacavis napirebis qceva da mdgomareoba dat-

virTvebis da zemoqmedebebis qveS monitoringis Sedegebze datyrdnobid da

a.S.).

sawyisi monacemebi am gegmis (EAP) SemuSavebisaTvis moyvanilia

qvemoT:

1. xudonis kaSxlis teqnikuri parametrebi;

2. datborvis zonis parametrebi kaSxlis ngrevis Sedegad im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac wyalsacavi savsea da mdinareSi maqsimaluri xarjia (rukebi

da cxrilebi);

3. moTxovnebi kaSxlis usafrTxoebis gegmis mimarT;

4. wyalsacavis saangariSo parametrebi da maregulirebeli sistemebis

saSualebebi;

5. statistikuri monacemebi datborvis zonaSi mosaxleobis, sasoflo-

sameurneo miwebis, dawesebulebebisa da momsaxurebis obieqtebis

Sesaxeb;

6. monacemebi raionSi arsebuli janmrTelobis dacvis SesaZleblobaTa

Sesaxeb;

7. ruka masStabiT 1:50000, xudonis kaSxlis ganTavsebis teritoriis

aRniSvnebi:

DE –Dam Engineer, kaSxlis usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebeli inJineri;

MoE – The regional Ministry of Emergencies, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis departamentis regionaluri sammarTveloebi;

EAP – Emergency Action Plan, sagangebo situaciis samoqmedo gegma;

EWS – Early Warning System, adrindeli Setyobinebis sistema.

6

xudonhesis proeqtis sagangebo situaciaSi samoqmedo gegma

(EAP)

I. xudonis kaSxlis ZiriTadi saproeqto monacemebi

gansaxilveli sagangebo situaciis reagirebis gegmis damuSavebis

TvalsazrisiT xudonis kaSxali iqneba ganTavsebuli zRvis donidan 501 -

702m-s niSnulTa SualedSi geometruli parametrebiT:

a) HkaSxlis tipi betonis TaRovani kaSxali

b) samSeneblo simaRle 200.5 m

v) sigrZe Txemze 522 m

g) sigane Txemze 9.0 m

d) sigane saZirkvelSi 42.0 m

xudonis wyalsacavis wylis sarkis farTi Seadgens 528 ha. wyalsacavis

moculoba maqsimaluri Setborvis dros Seadgens 364,5 mln. m3. maT

Soris sasargeblo moculobaa 223 mln. m3.

xudonis hidrokvanZs gaaCnia Semdegi wyalgamtari saSualebebi:

saderivacio gvirabi (wyalsacavis marcxena napirze) maqsimaluri

gamtarianobiT 1030m3/wm, kaSxlis Txemze centralur nawilSi da

marcxena napirize ganlagebuli wyalsagdebebi, agreTve siRrmuli

wyalsagdebi, romlebmac Tavisi jamuri gamtarianobiT unda uzrunvelyon

md. enguris maqsimaluri xarjis 2500m3/wm gatareba qveda biefSi.

xudonis TaRovani kaSxalis konstruqcia gaTvlilia 9-baliani

intensivobis miwiszvris zemoqmedebaze.

7

prevenciuli RonisZiebebis damuSaveba xorcieldeba kaSxlis ngrevis

gaTvaliswinebiT, vinaidan, rogorc cnobilia, mis ngrevas Tan sdevs

katastrofuli Sedegebi.

Sesabamisi prevenciuli RonisZiebebis Catareba aucilebelia

saTanado gegmis Sesabamisad, amasTan erTad nagebobis ngrevis riski

ganisazRvreba riskfaqtorebis da kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli nakadis

gavrcelebis hidravlikuri parametrebis, agreTve datborvis zonis

Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze.

II. xudonis kaSxlis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegmis ganxorcielebis xuTbijiani proeqti

2.1. biji 1. xdomilebis aRmoCena

nax.1 moyvanilia xudonis kaSxlisaTvis SemoTavazebuli sagangebo

situaciis samoqmedo gegmis (EAP) xuTbijiani sqema, romelic miRebulia

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi. biji 1 aRwers araordinarul an sagangebo

situacias da Seicavs informacias, romelic daexmareba xudonis kaSxlis

operators gansazRvros Sesabamisi sagangebo done mocemul SemTxvevaSi.

araordinaruli da sagangebo xdomilebebi SeiZleba gamovlenili iqnas:

- vizualuri dakvirvebebiT kaSxalze an kaSxlis siaxloves

samTavrobo organoebis (adgilobrivi, sagubernio an centraluri),

miwaTmflobelebis, kaSxlis meTvalyureebis an sazogadoebis

warmomadgenlebis mier;

- instrumentuli dakvirvebebis monacemTa SefasebiT;

- sagrZnobi miwisZvrisas an kaSxlis siaxloves mis Sesaxeb

SetyobinebiT;

8

- gafrTxilebiT im pirobebis Sesaxeb, romelsac SeuZlia

araordinaruli an sagangebo situaciis gamowveva kaSxalze (mag.

mkacri amindi an uecari wyalmovardnis prognozi).

2.1.2 biji 2. sagangebo situaciis donis gansazRvra

mas Semdeg rac araordinaruli an sagangebo situacia dafiqsirebulia

an mis Sesaxeb Setyobineba arsebobs, kaSxlis operatori pasuxismgebelia

mocemuli SemTxvevis klasifikaciaze (ix. “sagangebo donis gansazRvris

saxelmZRvanelos” cxrili, danarTi 5, romelic dagexmarebaT garkveuli

xdomilebis SefasebaSi, raTa gaarkvioT, aris Tu ara mocemuli xdomileba

araordinaruli an potenciurad SeuZlia Tu ara mas iyos sagangebo

situaciis mizezi) erT-erTi sagangebo doniT Semdegi samidan:

sagangebo done 11 _ arakritikuli araordinaruli SemTxveva, romelic nela

viTardeba: es situacia ar aris normaluri, Tumca jer kidev ar emuqreba

kaSxlis eqspluatacias an mis struqturul mTlianobas, magram Tu es

viTareba gagrZeldeba, maSin man SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas zemoTaRniSnuls.

teqnikuri daxmarebisaTvis saWiroa dakavSireba kaSxlis usafrTxoebis

inJinerTan an saxelmwifo moxelesTan, raTa gamokvleuli iqnas situacia

da miRebul iqnas samoqmedo rekomendaciebi. kaSxlis mdgomareoba

detalurad unda iqnas Semowmebuli, gansakuTrebiT talRebis

zemoqmedebisas, raTa gamovlindes nebismieri xdomileba, romelsac SeuZlia

potenciurad an gardauvlad gamoiwvios kaSxlis mtyuneba. adgilobriv

samarTaldamcavTa warmomadgenelma unda Seatyobinos Tavis xelmZRvanelobas

Seqmnili situaciis Sesaxeb, raTa miRebuli iqnas gadawyvetileba, vinaidan

SesaZloa movlenebi ganviTardes uaresi scenariT, rac moiTxovs sagangebo

RonisZiebaTa gatarebas.

9

nax.1

xudonis kaSxlis sa

sqema

10

sagangebo done 2 – is potenciurad SesaZlebeli mtyunebis

Semcveli situaciis swrafi ganviTareba:

am situaciam saboloo angariSiT SeiZleba gamoiwvios is

mtyuneba da qveda biefis uecari datborva, magram uSualod is

garRvevis safrTxe ar arsebobs. normatiuli dokumentebi unda iyos

daregistrirebuli am sagangebo situaciis Tanaxmad da gaices gangaSis

signali. kaSxlis operatori axlodan unda akontrolebdes nagebobis

mdgomareobas da periodulad acnobebdes situaciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb

samarTaldamcav organos TanamSromlebs. Tu kaSxlis mdgomareoba uaresdeba

da mtyuneba gardauvalia, Sesabamisma samsaxurebma dauyovnebliv unda

daafiqsiron sagangebo donis cvlileba, raTa moaxdinon qveda biefSi

myofi adamianebis evakuacia.

Tu dro iZleva amis saSualebas, maSin teqnikuri daxmarebisaTvis

saWiroa mimarTva kaSxlebis usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebel saxelmwifo

moxeleebisaTvis, raTa Sefasdes da rekomendebul iqnas aRdgeniTi

samuSaoebis Catareba kaSxlis rRvevis Tavidan asacleblad. kaSxlis

operatorma unda daiwyos aRdgeniTi-saremonto samuSaoebi (gamoiyenos

adgilobrivi, misTvis xelmisawvdomi resursebi). aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis

warmoebisaTvis gamoyofili drois intervali SeiZleba ganisazRvros

ramodenime saaTiT an dRiT.

es sagangebo done, agreTve eTanadeba im situacias, roca nakadi

gadaedineba kaSxalze an analogiuri mosalodnelia da SeuZlia

wyaldidobis gamowveva qveda biefSi, rac safrTxes Seuqmnis iq myof

adamianebsa da ganlagebul obieqtebs. avariuli samsaxurebi unda iqnas

mobilizebuli gangaSis gamocxadebiT, raTa droulad daiwyon evakuacia da

11

moawyon zRudarebi (dabrkolebebi) wyaldidobis gavrcelebis gzaze, im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu wylis done ganagrZobs awevas.

sagangebo done 3 – kaSxlis uecari (swrafi) mtyuneba gardauvalia an

mas ukve aqvs adgili. es – sagangebo, uecari situaciaa, roca

wyalSemtbori nagebobis mtyuneba saxezea an aSkaraa, rom aseTi xdomileba

SeiZleba moxdes da misi Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia. garRvevis talRa

(wyalmovardna) gavrceldeba kaSxlis qveda biefSi. analogiuri scenariT

ganviTardeba movlenebi maSinac, roca nakadi gaarRvevs kaSxals da qveda

biefis adamianebiT dasaxlebul da ganviTarebuli infrastruqturis zonaSi

gamoiwvevs wyaldidobas. aucilebelia samarTaldamcav organoebTan

dauyovnebliv dakavSireba, raTa saavario samsaxurebma daiwyon adamianebis

evakuacia yvela saxifaTo adgilidan da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi

gadaketon gzebi.

sagangebo done 1: nela ganviTarebadi (progresirebadi), arakritikuli,

araordinaruli) SemTxveva;

sagangebo done 2: swrafad ganviTarebadi (progresirebadi), kaSxlis

potenciuri mtyunebis Semcveli SemTxveva;

sagangebo done 3: kaSxlis mtyuneba gardauvalia an mas ukve aqvs

adgili.

2.1..3. biji 3 Setyobineba da komunikacia

Setyobineba:

sagangebo donis gansazRvris Semdeg, qvemoT moyvanili Sesabamisi

sagangebo donis sqemis Tanaxmad mosaxleoba dauyovnebliv unda iyos

gafrTxilebuli.

12

komunikacia:


araordinaruli SemTxveva:

kaSxlis operatori da mesakuTre unda daukavSirdes nagebobis inJinrebs da

kaSxalTa usafrTxoebis specialistebs. aRuweros maT Seqmnili situacia

da sTxovos teqnikuri daxmareba saWiro RonisZiebebis gasatareblad.

sagangebo done 2: swrafad ganviTarebadi (progresirebadi), wyalSemtbori

nagebobis potenciuri mtyunebis Semcveli SemTxveva:

gamoyenebuli unda iqnas qvemoTmoyvanili saxis Setyobineba, raTa

oficialurma da mmarTvelma personalma ukeT aRweros Seqmnili viTareba

sagangebo situaciaSi:

„es xdeba (wyalSemtbori nagebobis dasaxeleba). Aaq (unda mieTiTos

adgilmdebareoba, misamarTi) Seiqmna sagangebo situacia. obieqti

daSorebulia uaxloesi dasaxlebuli punqtidan (manZili).

Cven gavaaqtiureT sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegma am kaSxalTan mimarTebaSi da

amJamad mdgomareoba Seesabameba sagangebo dones 2.

Cven vanxorcielebT winaswar gansazRvrul moqmedebebs, raTa adeqvaturad

gamovexmauroT situaciis ganviTarebas, romelsac SeeZlo gamoewvia kaSxlis

mtyuneba.

gTxovT, moemzadoT kaSxlis qvemoT mdebare olqebis (teritoriebis – unda

mieTiTos dasaxlebuli punqtebis da quCebis dasaxelebebi) evakuaciisaTvis.

ixelmZRvaneleT sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegmis saevakuacio ruqis sakuTari

asliT.

Cven SegatyobinebT, rogorc ki situacia ganimuxteba an gauaresdeba. CemTan

dakavSireba SesaZlebelia Semdeg ricxvSi (TariRi). Tu am droisaTvis ver

SeZlebT dakavSirebas, damisaxeleT Semdgi alternatiuli TariRi”.

13

kaSxali, TariRi, administraciuli raioni.

sagangebo done 3: kaSxlis mtyuneba gardauvalia an mas ukve aqvs adgili:

aucilebelia dauyovnebliv dakavSireba samarTaldamcavi organoebis

warmomadgenlebTan da Tu SesaZlebelia kaSxalis mtyuneba, potenciurad

datborvas daqvemdebarebuli teritoria kontrolze unda iqnas ayvanili:

1. darekeT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis centralur organoSi da

darwmundiT, rom warmoTqviT fraza: “es sagangebo situaciaa”. isini

dagisaxeleben sxva saxelisuflebo organoebs da masobrivi

informaciis saSualebebs (romlebsac aseve unda mimarToT) da

daiwyeben evakuacias.

Semdegi Setyobinebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sagangebo situaciis

aRsawerad adgilobrivi samarTaldamcavi organoebis

warmomadgenlisaTvis da marTvis personalisaTvis sagangebo

situaciebSi:

“es – sagangebo situaciaa. me var (daasaxeleT vinaoba), kaSxali

(dasaxeleba, miuTiTeT misi adgimdebareoba) ganicdis avarias. mis

qvemoT mdebare zona unda iqnas evakuirebuli dauyovnebliv.

gaimeoreT, (kaSxlis dasaxeleba) ganicdis avarias: moaxdineT qveda

biefSi ganlagebuli (dasaxlebuli punqtis saxelwodeba) dablobi

nawilis (miuTiTeT quCebis dasaxeleba) evakuacia.

Cven gavaaqtiureT sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegma am kaSxlis (miuTiTeT

dasaxeleba) mimarT. amJamad mdgomareoba Seesabameba sagangebo dones 3.

ixelmZRvaneleT sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegmis saevakuacio rukis sakuTari

asliT.

CemTan dakavSireba SesaZlebelia Semdeg ricxvSi (TariRi).”

14

Tu am droisaTvis ver SeZlebT dakavSirebas, damisaxeleT Semdgi

alternatiuli TariRi.

2. ganaxorcieleT yvela aucilebeli qmedeba, raTa uSualod saxifaTo

situaciaSi aRmoCenili adamianebi gamoyvanil iqnan usafrTxo adgilas.

am mizniT unda gaigzavnos samarTaldamcavi organos an evakuirebuli

mosaxleobis warmomadgenlebi (kaSxalze,kaSxlis qveda biefSi,

wyalsacavSi navze).

3. xSiri kontaqti iqonieT samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da saavario

samsaxurebis warmomadgenlebTan, miawodeT maT axali monacemebi

kaSxlis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. isini getyvian Tqven, Tu rogor

gaumklavdeT sagangebo situacias.

4. Tu komunikaciis yvela saSualeba mwyobridanaa gamosuli: (1)

SeecadeT gaarkvioT ratom, (2) SeecadeT isargebloT sxva radioTi an

telefoniT, romelic muSaobs, (3) aiZuleT sxva piri Seecados

kavSiris damyarebas. Tu am gziT komunikaciis damyareba SeuZlebelia,

maSin unda gadawydes uSualo problemebi SesaZleblobis farglebSi.

amave dros saWiroa periodulad ganxorcieldes kontaqtis aRdgenis

mcdeloba samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da saavario samsaxurebis

warmomadgenlebTan“.

Semdegi Setyobineba, rogorc wesi, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas

samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da saavario samsaxurebis

warmomadgenlebis mier gzamkvlevis saxiT, raTa sazogadoebis

warmomadgenlebs ecnobos sagangebo situaciis statusi.

„yuradReba: es – sagangebo situaciaa

15

moismineT yuradRebiT. Tqveni sicocxle SeiZleba damokidebuli

aRmoCndes RonisZiebaTa dauyovnebliv miRebisagan. (kaSxlis

dasaxeleba, misi adgilmdebareoba) ganicdis avarias. gaimeoreT

(kaSxlis dasaxeleba, misi adgilmdebareoba) ganicdis avarias.

Tu Tqven imyofebiT avariis zonaSi an masTan axlos, dauyovnebliv

ganagrZeT moZraoba avariis zonidan rac SeiZleba daSorebuli maRali

adgilebisaken“.

gaimeoreT Setyobineba.

2.1.4. biji 4. gasaTvaliswinebeli qmedebebi

kaSxlis mesakuTre an misi warmomadgeneli (DE) unda iyos

informirebuli kaSxalze momxdari araordinaruli an sagangebo

SemTxvevis Sesaxeb. mesakuTrem an misma warmomadgenelma unda

gansazRvros sagangebo done da miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi. wylis

resursebis marTvis sabWos kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJiners unda

daukavSirdes teqnikuri konsultaciisaTvis.


araordinaruli SemTxveva:

a. mesakuTrem an misma warmomadgenelma (DE) unda daaTvalieros

kaSxali. sul mcire, unda daTvalerdes zeda da qveda ferdebi da

kaSxlis xeobis bortebTan mirTvis adgilebi. aseve unda Catardes

wyalsacavis ares, sanapiro burjebis, qvemo biefSi gamyvani arxis

inspeqtireba maTi mdgomareobis cvlilebis gansazRvris mizniT. Tu

adgili aqvs filtracias, erozias, bzarTwarmoqmnas an SeimCneva

jdenebi – am dakvirvebaTa Sedegebi dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos wylis

resursebis marTvis sabWos kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJiners _: axali

16

mdgomareobis Sesabamisi donisa da rekomendebuli qmedebebis

gansazRvris mizniT ixelmZRvaneleT “sagangebo donis gansazRvris

saxelmZRvanelo” cxriliT (danarTi 5).

b. awarmoeT yvela kontaqtis Canaweri, romelic damyarda, kontaqtebis

sakontrolo siaSi.

g. awarmoeT yvela informaciis, dakvirvebis, qmedebebis Canaweri

xdomilebaTa registraciis formis mixedviT.

daafiqsireT situacia foto an video kameriT, Tu es SesaZlebelia.

d. mesakuTre an misi warmomadgeneli unda daukavSirdes (ix. diagrama,

danaarTi 6) kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJiners (DE) an damproeqtebels

da miiRos teqnikuri daxmareba, Seqmnili situaciis gamokvlevisa da

misi gamosworebisaTvis qmedebaTa rekomendaciis mizniT. (SeuZlia

daukavSirdes agreTve energetikis da bunebrivi resursebis

saministros).

sagangebo done 2: swrafad ganviTarebadi (progresirebadi), wyalSemtbori

nagebobis potenciuri mtyunebis Semcveli SemTxveva:

a. kaSxlis mesakuTre an misi warmomadgeneli unda daukavSirdes

kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJiners (DE), energetikis da bunebrivi

resursebis saministros da adgilobriv ofiss, rom acnobos situacia

da Tu dro saSualebas iZleva sTxovos teqnikur personals

gamoikvlios Seqmnili situacia, misi gamosworebisaTvis RonisZiebaTa

SemuSavebis mizniT (ix. diagrama, danaarTi 7).

b. kaSxlis mesakuTre an misi warmomadgeneli unda daukavSirdes 122-ze,

raTa acnobos sagangebo situaciaTa personals imis Taobaze, rom

17

sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegma (EAP) moqmedebaSia moyvanili da Tu

mimdinare mdgomareoba gauaresdeba sagangebo situaciam SeiZleba

moiTxovos evakuacia. unda Sesruldes mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi

gzebis gadaketvisa da evakuaciisaTvis.

g. saavario samsaxurebis personalisaTvis informaciis ganaxlebis

uzrunvelyofa, maTTvis daxmarebis gasawevad, raTa droulad SeimuSaon

gadawyvetilebebi Setyobinebebis, gzebis gadaketvisa da evakuaciis

Sesaxeb.

d. Tu dro iZleva saSualebas, mesakuTrem an misma warmomadgenelma unda

daaTvalieros kaSxali. rogorc minimumi, unda daTvalerdes zeda da

qveda ferdebi da kaSxlis xeobis bortebTan mirTvis adgilebi mTel

sigrZeze. aseve unda Catardes wyalsacavis ares, sanapiro burjebis,

qvemo biefSi gamyvani arxis inspeqtireba maTi mdgomareobis cvlilebis

gansazRvris mizniT. Tu adgili aqvs gruntebis rRvevas, momatebulia

filtracia, erozia, bzarTwarmoqmna an SeimCneva jdenebi, am dakvirvebaTa

Sedegebi dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos mesakuTris an energetikis da

bunebrivi resursebis saministros, kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJiners (DE)

-: axali mdgomareobis Sesabamisi donisa da Casatarebeli RonisZiebebis

SemuSavebis mizniT ixelmZRvaneleT “sagangebo donis gansazRvris

saxelmZRvanelo” cxriliT (danarTi 5).

e. awarmoeT yvela kontaqtis Canaweri, romelic damyarda, kontaqtebis

sakontrolo siaSi.

v. awarmoeT yvela informaciis, dakvirvebis, qmedebebis Canaweri

xdomilebaTa registraciis formis mixedviT.

daafiqsireT situacia foto an video kameriT, Tu es SesaZlebelia.

18

z. Tu dro iZleva saSualebas, unda iqnas gamoyenebuli Semdegi sagangebo

aRdgeniTi qmedebebi:

sagangebo aRdgeniTi qmedebebi

Tu dro iZleva saSualebas, unda iqnas ganxiluli pirobebi sagangebo

doni 2-is Sesabamisi Semdegi sagangebo aRdgeniTi qmedebebisaTvis. am

aRdgeniTi qmedebebis uSualo ganxorcielebas SeuZlia SeaCeros,

Seasustos an Tavidan aicilos kaSxlis mtyuneba. CamoTvlili

arasasurveli an araordinaruli mdgomareobidan ramodenimes SeiZleba

adgili eqnes kaSxalze. amasTan, aRniSnuli moiTxovs aRdgeniTi

RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas ramodenime meTodiT. kaSxali unda

daeqvemdebaros mWidro instrumentul kontrols, raTa warmatebuli

iyos masze ganxorcielebuli nebismieri aRdgeniTi qmedebebi. drois

arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, nebismieri aRdgeniTi qmedeba unda ganxorcieldes

kaSxlis mesakuTrisa, energetikis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

da kaSxlis usafrTxoebis inJinerTan (DE) kontaqtSi.

sagangebo done 3: wyalSemtbori nagebobis mtyuneba gardauvalia an

mas ukve aqvs adgili:

a. wyalSemtbori nagebobis mesakuTre dauyovnebliv unda daukavSirdes

122-ze da sxva samsaxurebs, rogorc naCvenebia SetyobinebaTa

dagzavnis diagramaze (danarTi 8).

b. sagangebo situaciaze pasuxismgebelma qalaqis an regionis moxelem

unda mimarTos Zalisxmeva gafrTxilebis realizaciisaTvis, romelic

exeba gzebis gadaketvasa da adamianebis evakuacias kaSxlis qveda

biefis saxifaTo adgilebidan.

19

g. mesakuTres mudmivad unda hqondes uwyveti komunikacia da

uzrunvelyofdes qalaqisa da regionis moxeleebis informirebas

situaciis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, riTac daexmareba maT drouli

gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi gafrTxilebisa da evakuaciis sakiTxebze.

d. mesakuTre awarmoebs yvela kontaqtis Canawers, romelic damyarda,

kontaqtebis sakontrolo siaSi. awarmoebs yvela informaciis,

dakvirvebis, qmedebebis Canawers xdomilebaTa registraciis formis

mixedviT. iniSnavs pirobebis cvlilebis dros. afiqsirebs situacias

foto an video kameriT, Tu es SesaZlebelia.

e. adaminebs, romlebic axorcieleben kaSxlis kontrols, unda mieces

rCeva, rom daicvan usafrTxoebis procedurebi. yvela maTgani unda

imyofebodes nebismieri Camovardnili an Camoqceuli konstruqciisa da

ferdebisagan, agreTve rRvevis masalebis potenciuri wyliT modenis

areebidan moSorebiT.

2.1.5. biji 5. dasruleba

yovelTvis, roca EAP-i gaaqtiurdeba da sagangebo done gamocxaddeba,

EAP-s mixedviT yvela moqmedeba da sagangebo situacia dasruldeba, maSin

EAP-s operaciebi saboloo angariSiT damTavrebuli iqneba da agreTve

Semdegi procedurebic agreTve dasruldeba.

movaleobebi dasrulebisaTvis

Qqalaqis an regionis pasuxismgebeli moxele pasuximgebelia EAP

operaciis dasrulebaze da am gadawyvetilebis mesakuTrisaTvis

Setyobinebaze. es TiToeuli adamianis movaleobaa kontaqtebis imave

jgufSi, sadac igi daregistrirebuli iyo xdomilebis Setyobinebis

procesSi, raTa acnobos igive adamianebs, rom procesi dasrulda.

20

me-3 donis Sesabamisi sagangebo SemTxvevis dasrulebisTanave, romelmac

ar gamoiwvia kaSxlis faqtobrivi mtyuneba, mesakuTris inJinerma unda

daaTvalieros kaSxali, raTa gansazRvros hqonda Tu ara adgili raime

dazianebas, romelsac potenciurad SeeZlo gamoewvia adamianTa

msxverpli, maTi sxeulis dazianeba an materialuri zarali.

wylis resursebis marTvis samsaxuris kaSxlis usafrTxobis inJiners

SeuZlia daxmarebis aRmoCena daTvalierebaSi. Tu dadgenilia, rom es

piroba ar uqmnis safrTxes adamianebs da maT sakuTrebas, maSin

mesakuTris inJiners SeuZlia urCios qalaqis an regionis moxeles, rom

daasrulos EAP-s operaciebi, ise rogorc zemoT iyo aRwerili.

mesakuTrem unda uzrunvelyos kaSxlis usafrTxoebis sagangebo

situaciis operatiuli cnoba, raTa daaregistriros sagangebo SemTxveva

da yvela zoma, rac iqna miRebuli. mesakuTre valdebulia angariSi

warudginos energetikis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros.

EAP-s momsaxureba. Mmimoxilva da gadasinjva

EAP-s yovewliuri mimoxilva

mesakuTre ganixilavs da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganaaxlebas EAP-s,

ukidures SemTxvevaSi weliwadSi erTjer mainc. EAP-s yovelwliuri

mimoxilva unda Seicavdes:

1. yvela kontaqtis moTxovna EAP-s sam diagramaze (danarTi 6, 7, 8),

raTa Semowmdes satelefono nomrebi gairkves rCeba Tu ara ZalaSi da

im adamianTa nusxa, rac mocemul debulebaSia miTiTebuli. EAP

eqvemdebareba gadasinjvas Tu romelime kontaqti gamoicvala.

2. mWidro kontaqti adgilobriv samarTaldamcav organoebTan, raTa

Semowmdes satelefono nomrebisa da im adamianTa nusxis sizuste, rac

21

mocemul debulebaSia miTiTebuli. Ggarda amisa, mesakuTre ekiTxeba

icis Tu ara im adamianma visac ukavSirdebian, sad inaxeba EAP da

masSi Tu aris misTvis gasagebi aRwerili movaleobebi.

3. SekiTxva xelmisawvdomi resursebis (adgilobrivi resursebis)

masStabis Sesaxeb, raTa Semowmdes, rom telefonis nomrebi,

misamarTebi da momsaxureba rCeba ZalaSi.

Ggadasinjva

mesakuTre pasuxismgebelia EAP-s dokumentis ganaxlebaze. EAP-s

dokumenti, romelic inaxeba mesakuTresTan:

misi ZiriTadi dokumentia. roca moxdeba gadasinjva, mesakuTre

valdebulia uzrunvelyos aslebis gadaReba da miwodeba EAP-s yvela

danarCeni mflobelisaTvis. dokumentis mflobelni pasuxismgebeli

arian Sesabamisi dokumentebis moZvelebuli aslebis gadaxedvaze yvela

SemTxvevaSi, roca miiReben axal, gadasinjul dokuments. moZvelebuli

furclebi dauyovnebliv Zaladakargulad unda CaiTvalos, raTa

Tavidan iqnas acilebuli gadasinjvasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri

uwesivroba.

funqciebi da movaleobebi

kaSxlis operatoris warmomadgeneli

sagangebo situaciis SetyobinebisTanave an roca aRniSnuli saxezea,

dauyovnebliv gansazRvravs sagangebo dones (ix. sagangebo situaciis

donis gansazRvris cxrili, danarTi 5);

dauyovnebliv atyobinebs personals im rigiTobiT, romelic Sesabamisi

donis Setyobinebis blok-sqemazea naCvenebi (ix. Setyobinebis blok-

sqemebi danarTi 6, 7, 8);

22

uzrunvelyofs informaciis ganaxlebas situaciis Sesaxeb

samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, maTTvis drouli

da zusti gadawyvetilebis misaRebad gafrTxilebisa da evakuaciis

Taobaze;

uzrunvelyofs xelmZRvanel rols, raTa garantirebulad,

yovelwliurad gadaisinjos da ganaxldes EAP da misi yvela asli

gadaeces EAP-s originalis mflobels.

incidentis xelmZRvaneli

igi aris mTavari koordinatori, romelic pasuxismgebelia yvela

sagangebo RonisZiebisa da qmedebis koordinaciisa

roca done-2-is Sesabamis situacias aqvs adgili: amzadebs personals

marTvisaTvis sagangebo situaciebSi SesaZlebeli evakuaciisaTvis, rac

SeiZleba gaxdes saWiro, ATu me-3 donis Sesabamis situacias aqvs

adgili:

- iRebs gadawyvetilebas gafrTxilebisa da adamianebis evakuaciis

rigiTobis Sesaxeb kaSxlis qveda biefSi ganlagebuli saxifaTo

zonebidan

- atyobinebs adgilobrivi marTvis samsaxurebs sagangebo situaciebSi ,

raTa ganaxorcielon adamianTa evakuacia da gadaketon gzebi

evakuaciis zonaSi.

iRebs gadawyvetilebas sagangebo situaciis dasrulebis Sesaxeb

monawileobs EAP-s yovelwliur mimoxilvasa da ganaxlebaSi

23

marTvis samsaxuri sagangebo situaciebSi

xels uwyobs komunikacias masobrivi informaciis saSualebebTan

roca me-2 donis Sesabamisi situaciaa

- amzadebs personals marTvisaTvis sagangebo situaciebSi SesaZlebeli

evakuaciisaTvis, rac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes, ATu me-3 donis

Sesabamis situacias aqvs adgili:

- mzadyofnaSi mohyavs Sesabamisi sazogadoeba

roca me-3 donis Sesabamisi situaciaa

- mohyavs mzadyofnaSi sagangebo situaciisaTvis farTo sazogadoeba;

- dauyovnebliv gadaketavs gzebs da awarmoebs evakuaciis zonaSi myofi

adamianebis evakuacias;

monawileobs EAP-s yovelwliur mimoxilvasa da ganaxlebaSi.

kaSxlis operatoris teqnikuri warmomadgenlebi

konsultacias uweven kaSxlis operators sagangebo situaciis donis

gansazRvraSi, Tu dro iZleva amis saSualebas

konsultacias uweven kaSxlis operators aRdgeniTi RonisZiebebis

Catarebis sakiTxebSi, Tu me-2 donis xdomilebas aqvs adgili

kaSxlebis usafrTxoebis saxelmwifo samsaxuri (energetikis da

bunebrivi resursebis saministro)

konsultacias uweven kaSxlis operators sagangebo situaciis donis

gansazRvraSi, Tu dro iZleva amis saSualebas

24

konsultacias uweven kaSxlis operators aRdgeniTi RonisZiebebis

Catarebis sakiTxebSi, Tu me-2 donis xdomilebas aqvs adgili da dro

iZleva amis saSualebas.

III. prevenciuli RonisZiebebi

pirvel rigSi unda SemuSavdes da ganTavsdes obieqtze da regionaluri

sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis uwyebaSi damtkicebuli EAP-is amocana

xudonis kaSxlis SesaZlo ngreviT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis

mzadyofnis gegmis (danarTi 1), Camoyalibdes moTxovnebi usafrTxoebis

gegmis mimarT (danarTi 2) da gansakuTrebul pirobebSi xudonis

kaSxlisaTvis mzadyofnis dagegmis koncefcia, rogorc kaSxlis detaluri

Seswavlis proeqtis safuZveli (danarTi 3).

moTxovnebi zemoTaRniSnuli gegmis (EAP) mixedviT aucilebelia

ganxorcieldes Semdegi prevenciuli RonisZiebebi im mizniT, rom Tavidan

iqnes acilebuli xudonis kaSxlis ngreva da is Sedegebi, romlebic

kaSxlis dangreviT iqneba ganpirobebuli.

RonisZiebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic dakavSirebulia xudonis kaSxlis

ngrevis safrTxesTan

1. SemuSavdes kompiuteruli sistema, ris saSualebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba

im saketebis marTva, romlebic gankuTvnilia ganlagebuli wyalsatari

nagebobisaTvis.

2. gaumjobesebul iqnas sakomunikacio sistema.

3. SemuSavdes gegma, romliTac ganxorcieldeba mosaxleobis da

Sesabamisi pasuxismgebeli pirebis gafrTxileba, agreTve sirenebisa da

quCis xmis gamaZliereblebis (ruporebis) CarTva.

25

4. SemuSavebuli iqnas RonisZiebebi, romlebic dakavSirebuli iqneba

samaSvelo da sareabilitacio moqmedebebTan Ramis saaTebSi an mZime

klimatur pirobebSi.

5. dadgenil iqnes sagzao marSrutebi mosaxleobis evakuaciis, samaSvelo

RonisZiebebis Catarebisa da samedicino saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofis

mizniT.

6. SemuSavebul iqnes pasuxismgebeli pirebisaTvis sagangebo pirobebSi

moqmedebis gegma kaSxlis ngrevis SeemTxvevaSi mZime Sedegebis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT.

7. zemoTaRniSnuli informaciis safuZvelze (romelic warmodgenilia

EAP–Si) pasuxismgebelma pirma (MoE) unda moamzados Semdegi:

8. dadgenil iqnes saWiro satransporto saSualebebi mosaxleobis

evakuaciis da samaSvelo samuSaoTa ganxorcielebis mizniT.

9. gansazRvrul iqnas gzebi, magistralebi da adgilebi evakuaciis

ganxorcielebis, agreTve swrafi daxmarebis saSualebebis da

samaSvelo moqmedebaTa Casatareblad gankuTvnili punqtebis

ganTavsebis mizniT.

10. SesaZlebeli safrTxis sawinaaRmdegod gankuTvnili nagebobebi

winaswar ganlagebuli unda iqnes datborvis zonis gareT, miwisqveSa

Zalovani kvanZebisa da momaragebis punqtebis (sawyobebis) axlos.

26

IV. prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturoba

EPP gegmis mixedviT, xudonis kaSxlis ngrevis saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi,

prevenciuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad navarauudevia Semdegi

Sedegebis miReba:

sagangebo pirobebSi xudonis kaSxlis ngrevis saSiSroebis winaswar

gamovlena da ngrevis riskis Sefaseba, efeqturi instrumentaluri

monitoringis sistemis dayenebiT.

sagangebo pirobebSi prevenciuli zomebis SemuSaveba monitoringis

monacemebis analizis safuZvelze.

mosaxleobis dacvisa da usafrTxoebis xarisxis gazrda im raionSi,

romelic datborvis zemoqmedebis zonaSi iqneba moqceuli.

kaSxlis ngreviT gamowveuli nakadis zemoqmedebis Sedegebisa da

ekonomikuri danakargebis Semcireba stiqiuri ubedurebis SemTxvevaSi.

samaSvelo-sareabilitacio samuSaoTa Sesrulebis drois

xangrZlivobis Semcireba stiqiuri ubedurebis SemTxvevaSi.

maSveli Zalebis (razmebis) Seqmna, romlebic dakompleqtebuli iqneba

adgilobrivi mosaxleobisagan da meqanizmebis mozidva kerZo

seqtoridan.

sareabilitacio samuSaoTa daCqareba, romlebic dakavSirebulia

sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebasTan da irigaciasTan.

sareabilitacio samuSaoTa efeqturi ganxorcieleba da amoqmedeba im

momsaxurebis xazebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia wylisa da energiis

momaragebasTan, sakomunikacio saSualebebTan, gzebTan.

27

V. Setyobinebebis sistemis organizacia

xudonis kaSxlis SesaZlo ngrevis saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi,

pasuxismgebeli piri (DE), romelic kaSxals emsaxureba, atyobinebs

sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis departaments (MoE), raionuli ganyofilebis

pasuxismgebel pirs da Sesabamis pirs kaSxlis mesakuTreTa centrSi, xolo

isini, Tavis mxriv, dauyovnebliv atyobineben mTavrobis pasuxismgebel pirs.

am ukanasknelis mier, Sesabamisi TanmimdevrobiT xdeba Setyobineba

saerTo marTvaSi myofi saagentoebisaTvis kaSxlis ngreviT gamowveuli

riskis, agreTve datborvis potenciur zonaSi sirenebisa da quCis xmis

gamaZliereblebis (reproduqtorebis) CarTvis Sesaxeb.

kaSxlis dangrevis SemTxvevaSi, sirenebis CarTva warmoebs avtomatur

reJimSi kaSxalTan ganlagebuli sakontrolo punqtidan, rac uzrunvelyofs

gamafrTxilebeli signalis mowodebas 10 km radiusis farglebSi.

amave dros gamafrTxilebeli signalebi igzavneba situaciaTa marTvis

departamentis raionul ganyofilebaSi da kaSxlis mesakuTreTa centrSi.

Tavis mxriv, isini ugzavnian gamafrTxilebel signalebs saxelmwifo

mTavrobis pasuxismgebel pirs (diagrama 1, danarTi 9), saxelmwifo

ministrs da raionul mTavrobas, ris Sedegad xdeba:

kaSxlis ngrevis potenciuri riskis an kaSxlis ngrevis Sedegad

warmoqmnili realuri pirobebisa da datbirvis xarisxis Sefaseba.

Semowmeba im mowyobiloba-aRWurvilobisa, romelic gankuTvnilia

sagangebo pirobebiT gamowveuli Sedegebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

specialuri jgufebis Seqmna, romelTa daniSnuleba iqneba stiqiuri

ubedurebis Sedegebis detaluri Seswavla.

28

saswrafo RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba, rogorc datborvis farglebis

zrdis Tavidan acilebis, aseve danakargebis Semcirebis mizniT.

saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis gaweva mosaxleobisaTvis.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobis evakuacia.

sareabilitacio samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba momsaxureobis

saSualebebis (servis-xazebis) mimarT, rogoricaa, eleqtro gadamcemi

xazebi, wylisa da gazis milsadenebi, gzebi.

dazaralebulTaTvis samedicino daxmarebis organizacia.

xudonis kaSxlis SesaZlo ngrevis saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi Setyobineba

ganxorcieldeba sadispetCero punqtidan Sedegi mimdevrobiT:

a) xmis mayviris “ ”-s CarTviT (romlis moqmedebis radiusi 10 km);

b) radiosadgurebis meSveobiT;

g) mobiluri telefonebiT

xudonis kaSxlis sagangebo situaciaSi Setyobinebis

sistemis mowyobiloba

cxrili 1.

# dasaxeleba ganz.

erT.

r-ba dislokaciis adgili

1 2 3 4 5

1.

radio retranslatori

tipi CM 660-130-173 mg

herci

kompl. 1

2.

xelis gadasatani

radiosadguri cali 15

2 cali – wyalsacavis

mepatronis centrSi;

10 cali walenjixis

rai-onis gamgeblobaSi;

15 cali zugdidis

raionis gamgeblobaSi;

29

3.

xelis magafonebi cali 30

10 cali walenjixis

raionis, 20 cali

zugdidis r-nis

dasaxlebel punqtebSi

4. akumulatorebi 120 volti cali 2 sadispetCero SenobaSi

5. xmis mayvari “ ”–s

tipis

cali 1 kaSxalze sadispetCero

Senobis saxuravze

6. mobiluri telefonebi cali 2 sadispetCero SenobaSi

VI. sakomunikacio sistema

radio sadguris (Motorola CM 660408-470, MHg 16 CH 25-40W) mowyoba

aucileblobas warmoadgens kaSxlis normaluri saeqspluatacio pirobebisa

da sakomunikacio saSualebaTa saimedo funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis

mizniT.

komunikacia ganxorcieldeba sxvadasxva pirs Soris, sxvadasxva doneze

(pasuxismgebeli piri kaSxalTan, raionul MoE, saxelmwifo MoE –Si da

mTavrobaSi) mimReb-gadamcem radioaparaturas saSualebiT, agreTve

raionuli da sadepartamento satelefono xazebiT. diagrama 2-ze (danarTi

10) naCvenebia sakomunikacio kavSirebi da gzavnilebis (mesijebis)

Tanamimdevroba.

cxrili 2.

kaSxlis ngrevis SemTxvevaSi RonisZiebaTa

ganxorcielebis Tanmimdevroba

informaciuli

monacemebi

dro Semsrulebeli RonisZiebebi

30

1 2 3 4 5

1. kaSxlis ngreva 0.00

2. sirenebis CarTva,

romelsac 10 km

radiusis moqmedebis

unari gaaCniaT

3 wT pasuxismgebeli

piri kaSxlaTan

aRniSnul zonaSi

avtomaturad

CarTuli iqneba

sirenebi.

pasuxismgebeli piri

Tvalyurs adevnebs

moqmedebis process

da aucileblobis

SemTxvevaSi adidebs

maT moqmedebis

efeqts.

3. gafrTxileba da

sagangebo situaciis

Setyobineba

a) pasuxismgebe3l pirs

sagan-gebo situaciaTa

marTvis depar-tamentis

(MoE) raionul ganyo-

filebaSi

4 wT pasuxismgebeli

piri kaSxalTan

informacia

moewodeba raionul

qvedanayofebs

b) pasuxismgebel pirs

kaSxlis mesakuTreTa

centrSi PA

5 wT pasuxismgebeli

piri kaSxalTan

g) pasuxismgebel pirs

sagangebo situaciaTa

marTvis departa-mentSi

(MoE), sarezervo

marTvis ganyofilebebi.

5 wT

6 wT

pasuxismgebeli

piri raionul

(MoE) sagangebo

situaciaTa

marTvis

departamentSi,

pasuxismgebeli

piri kaSxlis

mesakuT. centrSi

gaerTianebuli

Sexvedra

saorganizacio

sakiTxebze

d) datborvis zonaSi

myofi mosaxleobis

Setyobineba-informireba

quCis xmis gamaZli-

6 wT pasuxismgebel

piri sagangebo

situaciaTa

marTvis

reproduqtorebi

gamoiyeneba

dasaxlebul

punqtebSi

31

erebis

(reproduqtorebis) meS-

veobiT

departamentSi

(MoE) gafrTxilebisa da

informaciiT

uzrunvelyofis miz-

niT

e) raionuli centris

da dasaxlebebis

Setyobineba

6 wT pasuxismgebel

piri sagangebo

situaciaTa

marTvis

departamentSi

(MoE) raionul

ganyofilebaSi

v) mmarTvelisa da

raionuli samTavrobo

uwyebebis Setyobi-neba

7 wT pasuxismgebel

piri sagangebo

situaciaTa

marTvis

departamentSi

(MoE) ganyofilebaSi

4. satelefono kavSiri

mTavrobis, sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis

departamentis

Tavmjdomarisa (MoE) da teritoriuli

marTvis pasuxismgebel

pirTan

10 wT pasuxismgebel

piri MOE

sagangebo

situaciaTa

marTvis

departamentSi

sarezervo

marTvis

ganyofilebaSi

satelefono kavSiri

xdeba mas Semdeg,

rac moxdeba

situaciis,

winaswari Sefaseba

premier-ministrTan

Sesabamisi angariSis

warsadgenad

5. Sexvedra raionuli

samTavrobo uwyebis

xelmZRvanelobasTan

1 sT gubernatori an

gamgebeli

gadaudebeli

RonisZiebebis

SemuSaveba da

pasuxismgebe-li

pirebis daniSvna

6. situaciis winaswari

Sefaseba raionuli

saministros MOE

marTvis gany. mier

40wT-

1.5sT

rekognoscirebis

jgufi

kaSxlis da

nagebobis realuri

mdgomareobis

rekognoscireba

7. datborvis zonis

saerTo sahaero

45wT sahaero

rekognoscire-bis

respublikuri

kooperaciu-li

32

rekognoscireba

(respublikis) ZalebiT

jgufi

Sveulmfrenze

gegmis mixedviT,

jgufi atarebs

frenebs rekognos-

cirebis mizniT

aeroporti-dan

8. stiqiuri ubedurebis

zonaSi respublikuri

Zalebis Seyvana

2 sT samoqalaqo

dacvis

SenaerTebis

polki, saxalxo

samaSvelo

organizaciebi

Zalebis ganawileba

da msxverplTa

gadarCenis umaRlesi

donis priori-

tetuli samuSaos

Sesru-leba

9. mas Semdeg rac

situacia ufro gasagebi

xdeba, raionul Zalebsa

da samsaxurebs eZlevaT

konkretuli amocanebi

2 sT gamgebeli

sagangebo

situaciaTa

departamentis

Tavmjdomare

sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis

departamentis Tavm-

jdomare SeimuSavebs

winaswar

gadawyvetilebaTa

gegmas

10. gamgeobis moTxovnis

mixedviT damatebiT

moizideba Zalebi

mezobel raionebidan da

Tavdacvis saministros

SenaerTebidan

2.5sT gamgebeli raionuli

saagentoebi gam-

gebels awvdian

Sesabamis monacemebs

11. angariSi premier-

ministrs saerTo

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb

2-3sT gamgebeli mTavrobisadmi an

raionuli

samTavrobo

uwyebisadmi

gankuTvnil

angariSSi aRiniSneba

saWiro saSuale-

bebisa da Zalebis

raode-noba

12. masmediis uzrunvelyofa

informaciiT

situac.

mixedv.

gamgebeli mokle informaciis

mowo-deba

mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb

33

13. Sexvedra raionul

samTavrobo ofisSi

3 sT gamgebeli saagentoebs

ganemartebaT

amocanebi, xdeba

konkretuli

miznebis dasaxva,

gani-sazRvreba

informaciis gacemis

perioduloba

VII. datborvis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacia

Sps “hidrodiagnostika”-s mier Catarebuli kvlevis: “xudonis

kaSxlis garRveviT gamowveuli talRis maTematikuri modelireba”

(xelSekruleba N# 2/11, 17.10.2011w., proeqtis xelmZRvaneli prof.

T.gvelesiani) erTerTi amocana iyo: kaSxlis mTliani garRveviT gamowveuli

talRis qveda biefSi gavrcelebis siCqareebisa da SesaZlo datborvis

zonebisa da Sesabamisi siRrmeebis gaangariSeba (igulisxmeba maqsimaluri

talRa, romelic Seesabameba normalur Setborvis dones - nSd). naSromis

Sedegebidan Cans, rom SesaZlo datborvis saerTo teritoria Seadgens

daaxloebiT 540km2, maT Soris 90% ganlagebulia dablobSi, 25 km-ian

zolSi zRvidan. datborili iqneba daaxloebiT 42km2 sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwebis farTi. garRvevis talRis maxasiaTeblebidan

gamomdinare didi albaTobiT daingreva ori gadasasvleli xidi md.engurze

sifel WalesTan da ruxTan; daitboreba maganis xidi d.jvarTan, daingreva

an adgilidan daiZreba wyalgamtari betonis damba (e.w. “perebroska”)

sofel liasTan. daitboreba soflebi da dasaxlebebi: focxo-eweri, Wale,

jvari, lia, paxulani, gvaSigverdi, Tqaia, zeni, Wkonxumla, ocarcice –

enguris xidamde da qveviT – ukve Semcirebuli zaraliT da Setborvis

doniT zugdidis da galis raionebis qveda soflebi: tagiloni, Samgona,

34

sida da sxva. talRis gadadinebis zona Sav zRvasTan vceldeba anakliidan

primorskamde. mosaxleobis raodenoba datborvis zonaSi SeiZleba Sefasdes

– 50-100 aTasamde. msxvili samrewvelo obieqti datborvis zonaSi ar aris,

daingreva mxolod mcire simZlavris betonis da asfaltis qarxana

d.jvarSi. es monacemebi unda iyos gamoyenebuli evakuaciis gegmis

SemuSavebisas.

xudonis kaSxlis SesaZlo ngrevis, an misi mosalodneli ngrevis

safrTxis SemTxvevaSi, specializirebuli satransporto saSualebebis

(samaSvelo, sainJinro, samedicino da sxva daniSnulebis) Sesvla datborvis

zonaSi unda warmoebdes im arsebuli adgilobrivi daniSnulebis

satransporto gzebis saSualebiT, romlebsac ar emuqrebaT datborvis

safrTxe.

Tu misasvleli gzebi datborilia, sagangebo situaciebSi gamoiyeneba

droebiTi an velmindvrebze gadasasvlelebi, romlebic mdebareoben

datborvis zonis gareT.

misasvleli gzebis SerCevisas gaiTvaliswineba satransporto

saSualebaTa da xalxis moZraobis intensivoba, aseve am saSualebaTa da

aRWurvilobis saxe.

datborvis zonaSi upirveles yovlisa unda Sevidnen samaSvelo da

saevakuacio daniSnulebis jgufebi, xolo Semdeg, sainJinro teqnikis

saSualebebi.

imisaTvis, rom ganxorcieldes satransporto saSualebebis da xalxis

(momsaxure personalis) Seuferxebeli Sesvla da saTanado mowyobilobis

Setana datborvis zonaSi, winaswar unda iqnes Sefasebuli datborvis

zonis maqsimaluri farTobi, SesaZlebeli dabrkolebebi, saswrafo

35

daxmarebisa da sareabilitacio RonisZiebebi, agreTve saevakuacio

miznisTvis gamoyofili adgilebi da maTTan misasvleli gzebi.

misasvleli gzebi stiqiuri ubedurebis areSi, winaswar unda iyos

SeTanxmebuli sagzao policiis warmomadgenelTan, romlebic

uzrunvelyofen satransporto moZraobebs daubrkolebriv.

VIII. organizaciuli RonisZiebebi Ramis saaTebSi

specializirebul uwyebebs, winaswar miewodebaT informacia ubedurebis

zonaSi datborvis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, am zonis saTanado ganaTebis

saSualebiT uzrunvelyofis mizniT, rom Seiqmnas normaluri pirobebi

ubedurebis zonaSi samaSvelo da sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Casatareblad.

saTanado kompensaciis gacemiT, gaformebuli unda iqnes xelSekrulebebi

kerZo pirebTan, raTa maT sakuTrebaSi myofi energetikuli danadgarebi

saTanadod iqnes gamoyenebuli (danarTi 4).

samaSvelo Zalebi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, iyeneben gadasatan

(portatiul) ganaTebis saSualebebs.

Senobebis ganaTeba, romlebic mdebareoben potenciuri datborvis

zonaSi unda gadawydes individualurad, aRniSnuli principebis dacviT.

IX. samuSaoTa organizacia araxelsayrel klimatur pirobebSi

mZime klimaturi pirobebi ganpirobebulia didi TovlianobiT,

intensiuri wvimebiT, qariSxliT, miwis zedapiris yinuliT dafarviT da

sxva.

zemoTaRniSnul pirobebSi ufro garTulebulia samaSvelo-

sareabilitacio da saevakuacio samuSaoebis warmoeba sagangebo situaciis

36

dros, vinaidan, am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba damatebiT iqnes dazianebuli

servis-xazebi, Seferxdes saTanadod aRWurvili satransporto saSualebebis

gadaadgileba, mwyobridan gamovides sainformacio da sakomunikacio xazebi.

specializirebuli Zalebis araxelsayrel klimatur pirobebSi

muSaobis mizniT, unda Catardes Semdegi saxis RonisZiebebi:

sistematuri treningi sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis departamentis

(MoE) StatisaTvis, aRniSnuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

perioduli Sexvedrebi raionul sammarTveloebTan da sarezervo

ZalebTan (rezervistebTan) sxvadasxva sakiTxis ganxilvisa da

prevenciuli zomebis SemuSavebis mizniT.

azrTa gacvla (diskusiebi) sicocxlis gadarCenisaTvis gankuTvnili

zomebisa da mosaxleobis sakvebiT uzrunvelyofis Taobaze.

ganmartebiTi muSaoba mosaxleobasTan, sagangebo situaciis dros

panikis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

X. sagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa dacvis saSualebiT

EgegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sabiujeto

Tanxebi materialuri, teqnikuri da finansuri saxis daxmarebis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT, agreTve prevenciuli da damcavi RonisZiebebis

Casatareblad. sagangebo pirobebiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan

acilebis RonisZiebebis dafinansebas anxorcieleben organizaciebi,

romlebic ganlagebuli arian ubedurebis zonaSi, agreTve raionuli

aRmasrulebeli uwyebebi, kerZo biznesmenebi da sxva.

raionuli samedicino centrebi unda iqnes SerCeuli winaswar. aseve

winaswar unda iqnes SemuSavebuli sagangebo situaciebSi samoqmedo gegma,

37

raTa dazaralebulebi uzrunvelyofil iqnan saTanado samedicino

daxmarebiT.

XI. kooperaciis organizacia

sagangebo situaciaSi, kaSxlis SesaZlo dangrevis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis

miRebis Semdeg, rCeba drois Zalian mcire periodi gansaxilveli zonis

datborvamde. im mizniT, rom ganxorcieldes mosaxleobis evakuacia,

gamoirTos saerTo energo-momarageba, momzaddes specialuri nagebobebi,

satransporto saSualebebi, aRWurviloba da Catardes sxva saxis

RonisZiebebi.

qveynis specializirebuli Zalebi (Sinagan saqmeTa da Tavdacvis

saministro) kooperirebas awarmoeben mezobel raionul ZalebTan,

ubedurebis zonaSi mosaxleobis dacvis mizniT efeqturi RonisZiebebis

uzrunvelsayofad.

diagrama 3-ze (danarTi 11) aRniSnulia kooperirebis sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi.

38

cxrili 3. kooperaciis Tanmimdevroba kaSxlis ngrevis safrTxis SemTxvevaSi

RonisZiebebi

Sesrulebis dro

Semsrulebeli

katastrofuli datborvis safrTxis SemTxvevaSi

sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis departamentis

(MoE

)

raionuli

ganyofilebis

pasuxismgebeli piris gafrTxileba

5 wT

pasuxismgebeli piri kaSxalTan

samoqalaqo Tavdacvis samsaxuris ufrosebis

gafrTxileba

6 wT

yvela donis samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

samsaxuris ufrosi

samTavrobo samoqalaqo Tavdacvis samsaxuris

gafrTxileba. 24 sT-iani morigeobis daweseba

1 sT

pasuxismgebeli

piri

sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis departamentSi

(MoE

)

situaciis Sefaseba

gadaudeblad

rekognoscirebis jgufi da kaSxlis

menejmenti

kaSxlisa da masTan dakavSirebuli nagebobebis

mdgomareobis

teqnikuri

Semowmeba

da

katastrofis sawinaaRmdego zomebi

20 wT

rekognoscirebis

jgufi

da

sainJinro samsaxuri

samoqalaqo

Tavdacvis

formaciebis

mzadyofnaSi moyvana

1 sT 30 wT

samoqalaqo

Tavdacvis

samsaxuris

ufrosi

mosaxleobis

gafrTxileba

samoqalaqo

Tavdacvis samsaxuris ufrosis instruqciis

Sesabamisad

saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi

pasuxismgebeli

piri

sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis departamentSi

(MoE

)

mosaxleobis

evakuacia

da

sicocxlis

gadarCenis RonisZiebebi

saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi

samoqalaqo

Tavdacvis

saevakuacio

komiteti

39

XII. menejmentis organizacia

EAP gegmis mixedviT, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xdeba kaSxlis ngreva an

iqmneba kaSxlis ngrevis safrTxe, mosaxleobis dacvis mizniT, xorcieldeba

koordinacia raionis mTavrobasa da raionul sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis

departamentis ganyofilebas Soris; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi

sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saxelmwifo sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis departamentis Tavmjdomare (MoE).

didmasStabiani ubedurebis SemTxvevaSi, mTavrobis mier iqmneba

nacionaluri komisia, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sevlen saministroebis

warmomadgenlebi, agreTve raionuli organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebi.

XIII. sagangebo situaciebSi samoqmedo gegmis srulyofa

sagangebo situaciebSi samoqmedo gegmis EAP-is srulyofa

xorcieldeba gegmis mixedviT, xudonis kaSxlis ngrevis an misi safrTxis

SemTxvevaSi materialuri da teqnikuri usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis ganxilva

da srulyofa warmoebs yovelwliurad (ianvris pirvel ricxvebSi).

praqtikuli varjiSebi (treningebi) xorcieldeba sam weliwadSi erTxel,

romlebSic monawileobas iReben raionuli xelisuflebisa da mezobeli

(erTi an ori) raionis warmomadgenlebi.

am treningebis dros datborili zonis mosaxleobas miewodeba

gafrTxileba da informacia, Sesabamisad sirenebisa da quCis xmis

gamaZliereblebis (reproduqtorebis) meSveobiT.

40

XIV. mosaxleobis evakuaciis winapirobebi

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac SesaZlebeli xdeba xudonis kaSxlis ngreva an

arsebobs amis safrTxe, raionuli mTavroba, qveynis premier ministrTan

SeTanxmebiT, iRebs gadawyvetilebas mosaxleobis evakuaciis Sesaxeb.

saevakuacio adgilebis (punqtebis) dadgena xdeba raionis mTavrobis

mier mezobel raionul mTavrobasTan da sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis

departamentis raionul ganyofilebasTan SeTanxmebis safuZvelze.

saorganizacio samuSaoebi, evakuaciisTvis gankuTvnili adgilebisa da

gzebis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT, warmoebs saxelmwifo sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis departamentis (MoE) mier, raionul saagentoebTan

erTad.

satransporto saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa warmoebs, raionuli da

respublikuri satransporto saagentoebis mier sagangebo situaciaTa

marTvis departamentTan (MoE) koordinaciis safuZvelze dadgenili

saproceduro wesebis Sesabamisad.

xudonis kaSxlis ngrevis SemTxvevaSi, an Tu arsebobs ngrevis safrTxe,

mosaxleobis evakuaciis winapirobaTa detaluri gegmebi warmodgenili

iqneba kaSxlis usafrTxoebis gegmaSi.

41

XV. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

1. dasmuli amocanis mimarTebiT usafrTxoebis strategiis erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi elementia sagangebo situaciebisaTvis mzadyofnis

gegma (EPP) an sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gegma (EAP), romlebiT unda

damuSavebul iqnes yoveli obieqtisaTvis misi adgilmdebareobisa da

SesaZlo avariis scenaris mixedviT, saerTaSoriso standartebisa da

gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

2. naSromSi damuSavebulia xudonis kaSxlis SesaZlo ngrevis Sedegad

gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis samoqmedo gegmis mosamzadebeli

masalebi, romelic moicaven am gegmis yvela sabaziso aspeqts, saWiro

proeqtis realizaciis am etapze.

3. xudonis kaSxlis mSeneblomis damTavrebis Semdeg naSromSi moyvanili

masalebis safuZvelze SemuSavdeba obieqtis sagangebo situaciis

samoqmedo gegmis saboloo varianti, romelic iqneba SeTanxmebuli

yvela moqmed organizaciasTan da saTanadod damtkicebuli, masSi

gaiTvaliswinebuli iqneba im periodisaTvis arsebuli saorganizacio

struqtura, kaSxlis eqspluataciis realuri pirobebi da da misi

teqnikuri mdgomareobis kriteriumebi, agreTve regionaluri

infrastruqturis, mrewvelobis, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis,

janmrTelobis dacvis obieqtebis da mosaxleobis ganTavsebis

realuri mdgomareoba.

42

danarTi

43

danarTi # 1

amtkicebs sagangebo

situaciaTa marTvis uwyebis

xelmZRvaneli

sagangebo situaciebSi moqmedebis gegmis amocana

1. Sesavali

2. ZiriTadi monacemebi xudonis kaSxlis Sesaxeb

3. prevenciuli RonisZiebebi

4. prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturoba

5. Setyobinebis sistemis organizacia

6. sakomunikacio sistema

7. datborvis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacia

8. organizaciuli RonisZiebebi Ramis saaTebSi

9. samuSaoTa organizacia araxelsayreli klimatur pirobebSi

10. sagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa dacvis saSualebebiT

11. kooperaciis organizacia

12. menejmentis organizacia

13. sagangebo situaciebSi mzadyofnis gegmis srulyofa

14. mosaxleobis evakuaciis winapirobebi

44

danarTi # 2

moTxovnebi xudonis kaSxlis usafrTxoebis gegmis mimarT

gansakuTrebul pirobebSi mzadyofnis gegma:

gegma gansazRvravs pasuxismgebel SemsrulebelTa rols, rodesac

mosalodnelia kaSxlis dangreva an wyalsacavidan qveda biefSi wylis

gadaRvra misi eqspluataciis dros, rac safrTxes uqmnis adamianis

sicocxles, qonebas an ekonomikur stabilurobas da ganpirobebulia

mdinaris nakadis donis mkveTr matebasTan.

gegma Seicavs: aRweras im pasuxismgeblobisa, romelic gansakuTrebul

pirobebSi kaSxlis eqspluataciis an sakomunikacio saSualebebis sakiTxebis

mimarT gadawyvetilebebis miRebas Seexeba; rukebs, romelzedac naCvenebia

datborvis doneebi, romlebic sxvadasxva sagangebo situacias Seesabameba;

datborvis Setyobinebis sistemebis maxasiaTeblebs; datborvis zonidan

evakuaciasTan dakavSirebul RonisZiebebs, mzadyofna/mobilizaciis

gansakuTrebuli pirobebSi moqmed Zalebsa (maSveli jgufebi, saswrafo

daxmareba da a.S.) da aRWurvilobas.

45

danarTi # 3

SeTanxmdes gansakuTrebul

pirobebSi menejmentis

uwyebis ufrosTan

gansakuTrebul pirobebSi mzadyofnis dagegmvis koncefcia xudonis

kaSxlisaTvis. SemuSavebulia Sps „trans eleqtrika jorjia“-s SekveTis

safuZvelze.

1. mizani

xudonis kaSxlis dangrevis SemTxvevaSi sagangebo pirobebSi mzadyofnis

dagegmvis (EAP) koncefciis mizania im riskis Sefaseba, romelic

datborvis zonas Seexeba da im jgufebis funqciebis gansazRvra, romlebic

moqmedeben amm zonaSi, agreTve komunikaciis, Setyobinebis, mzadyofnisa da

gadarCenis Zalebis mobilizaciis saorganizacio amocanebis gadawyveta.

2. sawyisi monacemebi

aRniSnuli gegmis (EAP) damuSavebisas im SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac

xdeba kaSxlis dangreva an iqneba amis safrTxe, saWiro sawyisi monacemebi

unda Seicavdnen Semdeg informacias:

datborvis saangariSo maxasiaTeblebi wyalsacavSi wylis sxvadasxva

donis SemTxvevaSi, saxeldobr datborvis zonis sidides datborvis

dros, nakadis parametrebs, kaSxlis simaRles da datborvis siRrmes

kalapotis sxvadasxva kveTSi;

kaSxlis parametrebs da samonitoringo aRWurvilobis Sesaxeb

monacemebs;

reliefis pirobebs da hidrologiur parametrebs;

46

kaSxlis dasaxelebas, romlisTvisac xorcieldeba aRniSnuli gegma

(EAP).

3. prevenciuli RonisZiebebi

prevenciuli RonisZiebebi aRniSnuli gegmis (EAP) mixedviT

ganpirobebulia im kaSxlebisaTvis, romlebisTvisac sagangebo situaciebi

iwveven adamianTa msxverpls, isini agreTve iTvaliswineben ekonomikuri

zaralis Semcirebasa da nagebobis normaluri eqspluataciis pirobebis

uzrunvelyofas.

prevenciuli RonisZiebebis SemuSavebis mizniT aucilebelia Seswavlili

da gaanalizebuli iqnes statistikuri da teqnikuri monacemebi imisTvis,

rom ganisazRvros mosaxleobis ricxvi datborvis zonaSi, samrewvelo

obieqtebis arseboba, sakomunikacio da servis xazebi, sasoflo-sameurneo

miwis farTobebi, agreTve winaswar Sefasebuli iqnes SesaZlo ekonomikuri

zarali.

prevenciuli zomebis SemuSaveba xorcieldeba im winaswar miRebuli

monacemebis safuZvelze, romlebic Seexeba, rogorc wyalsacavis sxvadasxva

donisas datborvis zonis maxasiaTeblebs, agreTve Sesabamisi raionis

socialur ganviTarebis xarisxs.

3.1. adrindeli Setyobinebis sistemis (EWS) organizacia kaSxlis ngrevis an am safrTxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, gafrTxilebis

organizaciis mizniT, aucilebelia hidrokvanZTan mowyobil iqnes marTvis

pulti teqnikuri monitoringis mowyobilobiT, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba

pasuxismgebeli personalis, raionuli da respublikuri organizaciebis

Setyobineba zemoT moyvanili sqemis mixedviT.

47

3.2. sakomunikacio (kavSirgabmulobis) sistema

kaSxlis dangrevis an am safrTxis arsebobisas, komunikaciis

uzrunvelyofa sagangebo situaciis zonasa da pasuxismgebel raionul da

respublikur organizaciebs, agreTve samaSvelo samsaxurebs Soris

xorcieldeba zemoTaRniSnuli gegmis Tanaxmad Tanamedrove radio-

satelefono sakomunikacio saSualebebis gamoyenebiT.

3.3. datborvis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacia

sagangebo situaciis zonaSi samaSvelo Zalebis Sesvlis organizaciis

mizniT, winaswar unda iqnes Seswavlili arsebuli SemovliTi gzebis

mdgomareoba, maTi gamtarunarianoba, ris Semdeg SerCeuli iqneba saboloo

marSrutebi.

winaswar aRiricxeba satransporto saSualebebi, maTi aRWurviloba,

sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamentis (MoE) samaSvelo Zalebi,

raionuli organizaciebi da kerZo biznesmenebi.

samaSvelo Zalebis sagangebo situaciis zonaSi Sesvlis organizacias

uwevs da marTavs sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti (MoE) adre

SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT.

3.4. organizaciuli RonisZiebebi Ramis saaTebSi

prevenciuli zomebis organizaciisa da ganxorcielebis mizniT

sagangebo situaciis zonaSi Ramis saaTebSi aucilebelia kaSxlis maRal

adgilebSi winaswar ganTavsebul iqnes proJeqtorebi;

ganaTebis saSualebebis mobilizacia warmoebs raionuli organizaciebis

da kerZo biznesmenebis mier maTTan dadebuli SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad. is

adgilobrivi organizaciebi, romelTa teritoriebi SeiZleba datborili

48

iqnes kaSxlis ngrevis Sedegad, pasuxismgebeli arian aRniSnuli gegmis

mixedviT, winaswar moimaragon ganaTebis saSualebebi sakuTari da mezobeli

teritoriebisaTvis. monitorings ganaTebis saSualebaTa momaragebasTan

dakavSirebiT anxorcielebs sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti

(MoE).

3.5. samuSaoTa organizacia araxelsayrel klimatur pirobebSi

hidrokvanZebTan da datboril teritoriaze araxelsayrel klimatur

pirobebSi prevenciuli zomebis ganxorcielebisTvis sagangebo situaciebis

marTvis departamenti (MoE) warmomadgenlebi gansazRvraven im savaraudo

zonasa da obieqtebs (Senobebi, servis-xazebi, xeebi da sxva), romlebic

araxelsayrel pirobebSi (Zlieri qari, intensiuri Tovloba, nisli da a.S.)

SeiZleba daingres, rac Seferxebis mizezi iqneba samaSvelo da

sareabilitacio samuSaoTa Casatareblad. amis Semdeg SemuSavdeba Sesabamisi

RonisZiebebi. periodulad, zemoTaRniSnuli saorientacio sqemisa, sagangebo

situaciebis marTvis departamentis (MoE) mier xorcieldeba Sesabamisi

treningebi mosaxleobasTan da raionuli organizaciebis momsaxure

personalTan araxelsayrel pirobebSi maT moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT.

amasTan erTad, SerCeuli iqneba sxva Zalebic, sagangebo situaciaSi

Semdgomi moqmedebis mizniT.

3.6. damcavi RonisZiebebi mosaxleobisaTvis

kaSxlis ngrevis an saSiSroebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifo

sarezervo fondidan da raionuli mmarTvelobis rezervebidan, gamoiyofa

saWiro masala da teqnikuri saSualebebi dacviTi RonisZiebebis Catarebis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

49

zemoTaRniSnuli gegmis koncefcia ganapirobebs raionuli samedicino

potencialis da maT specifiurobis (klasifikaciis) dadgenas.

3.7. kooperaciis organizacia

kooperacia xorcieldeba Setyobinebis samsaxurebis, respublikuri da

raionuli samaSvelo Zalebsa da mosaxleobas Soris, amasTan, Sesabamis

kooperaciis sqemaSi (programaSi) aRiniSneba moqmedebis dro da

pasuxismgebeli organizaciebi da pirebi.

3.8. koordinaciis organizacia

kaSxlis dangrevis an misi saSiSroebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi

saxelmwifo mmarTvelobisa da Sesabamisi raionuli organizaciebisa da

sabWoebis mier xorcieldeba mosaxleobis damcavi RonisZiebebis

koordinacia.

didi masStabis katastrofis SemTxvevaSi, mTavroba qmnis specialur

komisias da SeimuSavebs sakoordinacio gegmas.

3.9. sagangebo pirobebSi mzadyofnis gegmis srulyofis procedura

sagangebo pirobebis mzadyofnis gegma, mosaxleobis dacvis da

kaSxlebis materialuri da teqnikuri uSiSroebis Sesaxeb, yovelwliurad

koreqtirdeba. srulyofis mizniT samm weliwadSi erTxel unda Catardes

treningebi mosaxleobisa da raionuli organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa

monawileobiT, gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli operatiuli gadawyvetilebaTa

aprobaciis mizniT.

sagangebo pirobebSi mzadyofnis gegmis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens

tipiuri diagrama, romelic exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:

50

1. sqema (programa) RonisZiebebisa kaSxlis ngrevis SemTxvevaSi;

2. Setyobinebis procedura kaSxlis ngrevis an misi saSiSroebis

arsebobis SemTxvevaSi;

3. raionuli samedicino saSualebebis CamonaTvali;

4. raionuli samTavrobo uwyebaTa da mosaxleobis Setyobinebis sqema

(Tanmimdevroba) kaSxlis ngrevis SemTxvevaSi;

5. sakoordinacio sqema (moqmedebis Tanmimdevroba) kaSxlis ngrevis

SemTxvevaSi.

51

danarTi # 4

SeTanxmeba ganaTebis saSualebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taobaze

Cven, qvemoT xelismomwerni -------------------------- raionis sagangebo

situaciebis departamentis xelmZRvaneli erTis mxriv da organizaciis

warmomadgeneli an kerZo piri ------------------------------- meores mxriv xels

aweren winamdebare SeTanxmebas imaze, rom ---------------------------------------------

-------------------- pirdeba gasces raionuli sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departamentis ganyofilebas droebiT xmarebaSi mowyobiloba (CamonaTvali

Tan erTvis) samaSvelo samuSaoTa Catarebis mizniT xudonis kaSxlis

ngrevis SemTxvevaSi da raionuli sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departamentis ganyofileba pirdeba, rom gamoiyenebs mocemul

mowyobilobebs mxolod dasaxuli miznisaTvis da gaswevs miyenebuli

zaralis kompensacias.

raionuli sagan. situaciebis marTvis organizaciis

departamentis ganyofilebis ufrosi direqtori

(kerZo piri) (kerZo piri)

52

danarTi # 5

sagangebo situaciis donis gansazRvris wesebi

xdomileba situacia sagangebo

situaciis done

1 2 3

nakadi gadaedineba

miwis kaSxalze

wylis gadaRvra wyalsacavidan qimze

mowyobili wyalsaSviT, roca

wyalsacavis bortebis aqtiur

erozias adgili ara aqvs

1

wylis gadaRvra, roca adgili aqvs

wyalsacavis bortebis aqtiur

erozias

2

wylis gadaRvra, romelsac SeuZlia

gamoiwvios dasaxlebaTa datborva

qveda biefSi

2

swrafad progresirebadi wylis

gadaRvra, romelic mwyobridan

gamoiyvans sakontrolo qsels

3

wylis gadaRvra, romelic iwvevs

dasaxlebaTa datborvas qveda biefSi

3

mirTvis datborva

gadadinebuli wylis nakadi ar iwvevs

kaSxlis mirTvis ferdis rRvevas.

amasTan, mosalodnelia wylis

donis daweva wyalsacavSi

2

gadadinebuli wylis nakadi ar iwvevs

kaSxlis mirTvis ferdis rRvevas,

magram mosalodnelia wylis donis

aweva wyalsacavSi

3

gadadinebuli wylis nakadi iwvevs

kaSxlis mirTvis ferdis rRvevas.

3

53

cxrilis gagrZeleba

1 2 3

filtracia

filtraciis axali wyaroebi

kaSxalSi an mis maxloblad

1

filtraciis axali wyaroebi

meqanikuri sufoziiT an wylis

progresirebadi xarjiT

2

filtracia, romlis erTi

gamovlenili wyarodan xarji

aWarbebs 1 l/wm

3

Zabrebi

SeimCneva axali Zabri wyalsacavis

zonaSi

1

Zabris gabaritebi izrdeba swrafad 2

bzarTwarmoqmna

mirTvis areSi

kaSxlis tanSi axali bzarebi siganiT

2,5 mm-ze meti, filtraciis gareSe

1

bzarebi kaSxlis tanSi, romelsac Tan

axlavs filtracia 2

kaSxlis

gadaadgileba

(wanacvleba)

vizualurad SesamCnevi gadaadgileba

(wanacvleba) kaSxlis tanis, misi

elementebis an ferdis Camococeba

1

kldovani ferdis uecari an swrafad

mimdinare Camococeba-gadaadgileba 3

sazomi

instrumentebi

sazomi instrumentebis Cveneba

zRvrulad dasaSveb mniSvnelobaze

zemoT

1

miwisZvrebi

miwisZvra arsebiTia an arsebobs

informacia, rom misi kera kaSxlidan

50 km-iT aris daSorebuli

1

miwisZvra, romlis mier gamowveuli

kaSxlis an misi elementebis

dazianeba fiqsirdeba vizualurad

2

miwisZvra, romelic xdeba garRvevis

talRis warmoqmnis mizezi

3

54

cxrilis gagrZeleba

1 2 3

usafrTxoebisaTvis

Seqmnili saSiSroeba

yumbaris (naRmis) afeTqebis

saSiSroebis Semowmeba, rasac

SesaZloa kaSxlis rRveva mohyves

2

yumbaris (naRmis) afeTqeba, rasac

kaSxlis rRveva mohyva

3

sabotaJi/vandalizmi

kaSxlis an misi elementis dazianeba,

rac gavlenas ar axdens mis

eqspluataciaze

1

kaSxlis an misi elementis dazianeba,

rasac SeuZlia negatiurad imoqmedos

mis eqspluataciaze

1

kaSxlis an misi elementis iseTi

dazianeba, rac iwvevs filtracias

2

55

danarTi 6

56

danarTi 7

57

danarTi 8

58

danarTi 9

59

danarTi 10

60

danarTi 11

- - , 33 .

, .

271.5 , 660 - , 250 - .

1.11 . 3- , - 10.13 . 3.

0.75 % ,

( .1), .

. 1.

1

;

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. , , :

1. .

–795 ; – 498 ;

– 46 ;

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– 37 ;

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3. .

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–18 ;

–11 / ;

4. .

–1590 ; – 1,010 ;

–14 ; – 9 / ;

5. . –1,493 ; – 1,586 ;

–11 ; – 8 / ;

6. . –1,701 ; – 596 ;

–13 ; – 9 / ;

2

3

7. . –1,818 ; – 1,864 ;

– 9 ; – 7 / ;

8. – –1,964 ; – 15,838 ;

–4 ; – 3 / .

, 27, 802 , ,

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GPS Leica -1200

NaVisound – 515

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Grafer-

Autocad-

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ხუდონჰესის გარემოზე ზემოქმედების...

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