საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის...

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mitropoliti anania jafariZe gamomcemloba `alilo~ gamomcemloba `alilo~ gamomcemloba `alilo~ gamomcemloba `alilo~ gamomcemloba `alilo~ Tbilisi Tbilisi Tbilisi Tbilisi Tbilisi 200 200 200 200 2009 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria

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საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის ისტორია

Transcript of საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის...

  • 1saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    mitropoliti

    anania jafariZe

    gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~

    T b i l i s iT b i l i s iT b i l i s iT b i l i s iT b i l i s i 2 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 0 99999

    saqarTvelos samociqulo

    eklesiis istoria

  • 2 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-

    lesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi sruli

    saxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamde

    1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.

    wignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamravi

    wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da literaturliteraturliteraturliteraturliteraturis darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan,

    mas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilva

    da ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadeba

    qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.

    monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.

    wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-

    demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-

    gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.

    samSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa damoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da une-----t ares s sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTv -----elos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSroms

    redaqtorebi: kaxaber WabaSvili, Tamar revaziSvili

    kompiuteruli momsaxureba: viqtor daviTaSvili

    saZieblebi Seadgina Tamar revaziSvilma

    teqnikuri redaqtori: aleqsi SoSiaSvili

    m e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m a

    misamarTi _ Tbilisi, leseliZis 27

    E-mail: [email protected]

    mitropoliti anania jafariZe gamomcemloba `alilo~

  • 3saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is wmida sinodis mier

    `uflis kvarTis ordeniT~ dajildovebisteqsts kiTxulobs mitropoliti anania jafariZe,

    sveticxoveli, 14 oqtomberi, 2008 weli.

  • 4 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

  • 5saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    w i n a s i t y v a o b a

    saqarTveloSi bolos da bolos dadga dro, roca qarTul eklesias

    SedarebiT Tavisufali moRvaweobis saSualeba mieca. amave dros arnaxu-

    lad gaizarda sazogadoebis interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi.

    magram sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi eklesiis sasargeblod momxdar aseT

    gardatexas qarTuli sabWoTa istoriografia maincdamainc momzadebuli

    ver Sexvda, ara gvaqvs qarTuli eklesiis ganmazogadebeli istoria. mraval-

    saukunovani qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT dainteresebuli mkiTxveli axal,

    Tanamedrove mecnierebis doneze Sesrulebul gamokvlevas ver waikiTxavs.

    qarTul istoriografiaSi aseTi CamorCenilobis mizezi, ZiriTadad, 1921

    wlidan saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTarebaa. garda imisa, rom 1921 wlis

    Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas sabWoTa xelisuflebis saTana-

    do politika maincdamainc ar axalisebda (aseT pirobebSic ki iv. javaxiS-

    vilma, k. kekeliZem, b. lomaniZem, z. aleqsiZem da sxvebma mniSvnelovani

    wvlili Seitanes qarTuli eklesiis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebis saqme-

    Si), am mxriv arc revoluciamdel qarTul istoriografiaSi iyo kargad

    saqme. da ai, ratom: qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli monogra-

    fia cnobilma istorikosma p. ioselianma 1845 wels gamoaqveyna, xolo 1877

    wels gamocemul g. sabininis gamokvlevaSi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb Txroba

    mxolod VI s-is bolomdea moyvanili. 1886 wels TbilisSi gamovida mose

    janaSvilis ,,saqarTvelos saeklesio istoria~.

    qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavla gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda

    ruseTis 1904-1905 wlebis revoluciis Semdeg, roca qarTvelma sazogadoe-

    bam ruseTis saimperatoro karisa da wmida sinodis winaSe kategoriulad

    dasva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi. am dros ramodenime saga-

    zeTo da saJurnalo werilis (am mxriv gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos s.

    gorgaZis werilebi) garda Seiqmna T. Jordanias, k. cincaZis, n. durnovis, m.

    kelenjeriZis, n. maris monografiebi, romlebSic ZiriTadad qarTuli ek-

    lesiis avtikefaliis aRdgenis kanoniereba iyo dasabuTebuli.

    qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna im xanad marcxiT

    damTavrda. isev daiwyo ganmazogadebeli naSromebis Seqmna. XIX s-Si qarTuli

    eklesiis sakiTxebi ganixila Tavis monografiaSi episkoposma (Semdgom

    kaTalikos-patriarqma) kirionma. 1910 wels romSi frangul enaze gamoica

    m. TamaraSvilis ganmazogadebeli monografia, 1918 wels quTaisSi - ev.

    nikolaZis gamokvleva ,,saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~. amis Semdeg, qarTu-

    li eklesiis istoriis kvleva, albaT axal safexurze avidoda, magram

    saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisufleba damyarda da kvlevac Seferxda.

    ase rom, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb mxolod revoluciamde

    Seqmnili monografiebi gvaqvs, Tanac isini dReisaTvis bibliografiul iS-

    viaTobas warmoadgens, ris gamoc qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT daintere-

  • 6 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    sebuli farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi araa. dasaxele-

    buli naSromebidan mxolod p. ioselianis, m. janaSvilis, m. TamaraSvilisa

    da ev. nikolaZis monografiebSi aris qarTuli eklesiis istoriis ganmazo-

    gadebeli Txroba. aq Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom p. ioselianis monografia

    garda imisa, rom rusul enazea da Zalze moZvelebulia, xolo m. TamaraS-

    vilisa - frangul enaze, gamodis, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb qarTulad

    mxolod ori wigni gvaqvs. da isinic siZvelisa da sqematurobis gamo

    sruliad ar Seesabamebian mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis moTxovnebs.

    yovelive zemoTqmulidan, vfiqrob, kargad Cans, raoden savalalo mdgo-

    mareobaSia dReisTvis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqme. amitom

    misasalmebelia, rom am didi laqis Sevseba, ukanasknel xanebSi saistorio

    wyaroebSi axlad gamovlenili masalebisa da Tanamedrove qarTuli isto-

    riografiis miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, isev sasuliero pirma - mitro-

    politma anania jafariZem iTava.

    mitropolit ananias uzarmazari gamokvleva mravalwliani Tavdauzogavi

    kvlevis nayofia. igi didi siyvaruliT da rudunebiT aris Sesrulebuli.

    SeiZleba, gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb

    aseTi yovlismomcveli gamokvleva revoluciamdel saqarTveloSic ki ar

    Seqmnila.

    qarTuli eklesiis istoria, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

    istoriis nawilia da am grandiozul naSromSic qarTuli eklesiis isto-

    ria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro kavSirSi da mis fonzea gadmocemu-

    li. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis erT-erT did Rirsebad unda

    CaiTvalos.

    farnavazis xanidan (Zv.w. III s.) mokidebuli XVIII s-is CaTvliT, ar darCe-

    nila rogorc saqarTvelos istoriis, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

    metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac a. jafariZes

    Tavisi Tvalsazrisi ar hqonodes gamoTqmuli. yovelive es avtoris farTo

    ganaTlebaze miuTiTebs.

    misasalmebelia, rom sasuliero saqmeebiT dakavebuli piri wlebis man-

    Zilze Tvals adevnebda qarTul (da ara marto qarTul) istoriografiaSi

    Seqmnil yvela im werils da monografias, romelic mas gamokvlevaSi ganx-

    iluli calkeuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas gamoadgeboda. aRniSnulis gamoa,

    rom mis monografiaSi axali samecniero literatura saTanado sisruli-

    Taa asaxuli. avtori axerxebs ara marto srulyofilad gadmosces qarTu-

    li eklesiis itoria, aramed qarTuli eklesiisTvis dRes metad aqtualuri

    problema axleburad dasvas. bevri sakamaTo sakiTxi monografiaSi axali

    masaliTaa gamyarebuli da saTanado daskvnebicaa miRebuli.

    naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos mociqulTa droindeli

    saqarTvelos vrceli da detaluri istoriis gadmocema, rasac aqamde sa-

    Tanado yuradReba ar eqceoda. I-II ss-Si saqarTvelos teritoriaze mo-

  • 7saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    ciqulTa mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masa-

    la, mas Semdeg, rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis

    qarTlSi Semosvla uaryo ( im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma

    avrelio parmierim ar gaiziara), specialurad aRaravis ukvlevia. ax.w.aR-is

    I-II ss-is saqarTvelos istoriisTvis es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyura-

    dRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos

    istoriisa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris

    Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki, saTanado gaanalizebis Semdeg,

    qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnes Cayenebuli. swored am mxriv

    miudga avtori saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis sakiTxs.

    rogorc monografiidan Cans, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mosvlis Sesaxeb

    (garda imisa, rom dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs Zveli qarTuli werilobiTi saist-

    orio tradicia), mogviTxroben Zveli berZeni da laTini avtorebi. amitom,

    misasalmeblia, rom sarecenzio monografiaSi es sakiTxi farTod da

    amomwuravadaa warmodgenili, detaluradaa gaanalizebuli saqarTveloSi

    mociqulTa Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali. dama-

    jerebladaa naCvenebi, rom Zvel avtorTa mier dasaxelebuli skviTeTi,

    sadac andria pirvelwodebulma qristianuli rwmena iqadaga, amave avtorTa

    (mag. dionise periegiti) cnobebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos teritoriad

    unda CaiTvalos.

    rogorc motanili masalidan dasturdeba, andria pirvelwodebulis gar-

    da saqarTveloSi ramdenime mociquls uqadagia, romelTagan simon kananeli

    anakofiaSi gardaicvala da iq arsebuli misi saflavi avtoris mier sa-

    marTlianadaa miCneuli saqarTveloSi mociqulTa yofnis erT-erT damadas-

    turebel faqtad. avtoris daskvniT, andria pirvelwodebulma ax.w.aR-is I s-

    Si ara marto gaaqristiana qarTvelTa erTi nawili, aramed awyurSi pirve-

    li saepiskoposo eklesiac daaarsa. damajerebelia Zvel qarTul saisto-

    rio wyaroebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gamoTqmuli mosazreba, andria pirvel-

    wodebulis qarTlSi pirvelad ax.w.aR-is 30-35 wels, mefe aderkis zeobis

    dros Semosvlis Sesaxeb. naSromSi aseve saTanadodaa dasabuTebuli

    saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulTa (mataTa da sxva) yofna da maT mier axali

    rwmenis qadageba. ra Tqma unda, rogorc avtoric miuTiTebs, ax.w.aR-is I-II ss-

    is qarTlis samefos siZlieresa da mis saerTaSoriso avtoritets Tu

    gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin mociqulebi saqarTvelos marTlac ver auvlidnen

    gverds.

    saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT

    avtori miznad isaxavs ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mo-

    ciqulTa mier (ax.w.) I-II ss-ebis saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva episkopos

    ananias safuZvels aZlevs, mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia

    avtokefalurad miiCnios. naSromSi damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli im droi-

    saTvis iseTi gziT warmoqmnili yvela avtokefaluri eklesiis Tanas-

  • 8 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    woruflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT mosazrebas avtori

    cnobili bizantieli kanonistis, T. balsamonis (XII s.) cnobiT adasturebs.

    naSromSi sainteresodaa gadmocemuli qarTuli saxelmwifos, qarTveli

    erisa da qarTuli enis Camoyalibebis procesi. naCvenebia, rom qarTvelebiT

    gansaxlebuli teritoriis sazRvrebi im uZveles droSi qarTuli eklesiis

    samwysos emTxveoda. qarTvel mecnier-istorikosTa naSromebze dayrdnobiT

    avtori im daskvnamde midis, rom farnavazis droidan mokidebuli qarTli

    da egrisi erTiani qarTuli qveyana - `yoveli saqarTvelo~ iyo, ris gamoc

    mas ganmanaTlebelic erTi hyavda. aseTi mosazrebis erT-erT damadas-

    turebel sabuTad motanilia qarTlis cxovrebis is cnoba, romlis Tanax-

    mad qarTlis ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom `naTeli sca yovelTa iverTa~.

    rogorc cnobilia, aseTi Sexeduleba adre n. marma gamoTqva da maris

    mosazreba saTanadod miTiTebulia kidec monografiaSi.

    naSromSi didi adgili aqvs daTmobili imis mtkicebas, rom dasavleT

    saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria aseve iberiad (qarTlad) iwodeboda. es

    sakiTxi jer kidev akad. s. yauxCiSvilma gaarkvia, magram misgan gansxvave-

    biT mitropoliti anania zogjer iberiis teritoriad mTel dasavleT

    saqarTvelos gulisxmobs da askvnis rom, radgan am erTian qarTul teri-

    toriaze erTiani qarTveli xalxi cxovrobda, erTiani SegnebiT, erTiani

    kulturiT, mTel am teritoriaze IV s-dan wirva-locva qarTul enaze iyo.

    IV-V ss-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis amsaxvel qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi

    (`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovreba~), radgan qarTuli

    eklesiis meTaurad TiTo piria dasaxlebuli, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

    iseTi cnobili mkvlevari, rogorc akad. k. kekeliZe iyo, im daskvnamde

    mivida, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde (k. kekeliZe avtokefaliis mopovebas

    468-472 ww. gansazRvravda) qarTlis samefo erT saepiskoposos warmoadgen-

    da. k. kekliZis mosazrebas iziareben b. lomaniZe da a. bogveraZe. marTalia,

    k. kekeliZis mosazreba Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi gabatonebu-

    li araa, magram mainc misasalmebelia, rom qarTuli eklesiisTvis aseT

    prestiJul sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. misi daskvniT,

    qristianobis Semosvlidan da gamarjvebidan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi

    ramdeni saerisTaoc iyo, imdeni saepiskoposo unda yofiliyo. aseTi mtkice-

    bis erT-erT damadasturebel sabuTad monografiaSi samarTlianadaa miC-

    neuli `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-Si qarTlis eklesiis meTauris mTavarepisko-

    posis tituliT moxsenieba da vaxtang gorgaslisdroindel qarTlSi episko-

    posTa arseboba.

    miuxedavad imisa, rom Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi mecnierTa araerTma Taobam

    imuSava, vaxtang gorgaslis ` cxovrebis~ avtoris juanSeris gamoTqmiT, rom

    qarTvelebma `keTilad ver ipyres wesi ioanes mcnebisa~, aravin daintere-

    sebula. mitropolitma ananiam miaqcia yuradReba da azri gamoTqva, rom

    juanSeris sityvaSi, am SemTxvevaSi ioane naTlismcemeli an ioane mociqu-

  • 9saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    li ki ar igulisxmeba, aramed qarTlis eklesiis pirveli meTauri ioane.

    iqve daasabuTa, radgan ioane episkoposis mier saqarTveloSi Semotanili

    nikeis rwmenisaTvis qarTlis eklesias SemdgomSi aRar uRalatia, maSin,

    roca TviT romis imperiaSi mravali mwvalebloba warmoiSva, juanSeris

    gamoTqmaSi ioane episkoposis mier qarTlSi danergili rwmenisadmi erT-

    guleba igulisxmeba da qarTuli wyaro zustad asaxavs im saeklesio poli-

    tikas, romelic 451 wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi

    arsebobda. vfiqrob, juanSeris gamoTqmis aseTi interpretacia V s-is vi-

    Tarebis gaTvaliswinebiT swori Cans da siaxlea rogorc qarTuli eklesi-

    is istoriisaTvis, ise TviT juanSeris cnobaTa gagebis saqmeSi.

    qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas mkvlevari, ra Tqma unda,

    gverds ver auvlis vaxtang gorgasalsa da miqael episkoposs Soris momx-

    dar konfliqts. am sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. da

    iqve saintereso mosazreba gamoTqva _ Tu ratom dawyevla miqaelma vax-

    tangis spa. avtoris Tanaxmad, vaxtangi samefo laSqarze dayrdnobiT ebrZoda

    simdidriT aRzevebul miqaels da am ukasasknelma amitom dauwyevla spa.

    konfliqtis mizezTa kvlevisas am detalisTvis yuradReba aravis miuqce-

    via. vfiqrob, miRebuli daskvna sayuradReboa.

    rogorc iTqva, saTanado wyaroebis monacemebsa da samecniero liter-

    aturaSi (i. troicki) gamoTqmul mosazrebze dayrdnobiT, mociqulTa dros

    saqarTveloSi Seqmnili qristianuli Temebi (aqedan gamomdinare, eklesia)

    monografiaSi avtokefalurad aris miCneuli. avtori Tvlis, rom qarTlis

    taxtze vaxtangis asvlisas (V s-is 40-iani w.) saqarTvelos eklesia av-

    tokefaluri iyo, Tumca imperiis eklesiasTan urTierToba hqonda. aRniS-

    nulidan gamomdinare, ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebul mo-

    sazrebas avtkefaliis mopovebamde antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli

    eklesiis morCilebis Sesaxeb. im xanad antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bi-

    zantiis eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonobda, avtori Tvlis,

    rom iranis xelisufleba ar dauSvebda qarTuli eklesia ierarqiul damok-

    idebulebaSi yofiliyo misi mowinaaRmdege imperiis eklesiisadmi.

    qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi am kuTxiT ar dasmula, amitom

    gamoTqmuli mosazreba sayuradReboa. rogorc mitropoliti anania miu-

    TiTebs, marTalia, 381 wels meore msoflio saeklesio krebis Semdeg Zli-

    erma eklesiebma daiwyes susti eklesiebis damorCileba (konstantinepolis

    eklesiam am dros gaauqma pontos da asiis avtokefaliebi) da antioqiis

    eklesiis mier qarTul eklesiaze pretenziis gancxadeba mas aRniSnuli

    movlenis gamoxatulebad miaCnia. magram antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli

    eklesiis ierarqiuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, radgan Zveli qarTuli

    wyaroebic miuTiTeben, unda dasabuTdes qarTul wyaroTa cnobebis arar-

    ealuroba, an maTi ucxoenovani wyaroebidan warmomavloba.

    sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelSic micemulia iranis meSveobiT

    qarTul eklesiaze somxuri eklesiis zemdgomobis damyarebis cda. rogorc

  • 10 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    iTqva, qarTuli eklesia V s-Si ukve avtokefaluri iyo, magram VI s-dan

    iranis zewoliT Seiqmna qarTul-somxur eklesiaTa erToba. qalkedonituri

    mrwamsis qarTlis samefoSi monofizitoba momZlavrda. swored iranis Za-

    lis saSualebiT somxeTis eklesiam SeZlo Zveli albaneTis eklesiis damor-

    Cileba da RvTismsaxurebis enad somxuris damkvidreba. somxurma eklesiam

    garkveul warmatebas saqarTveloSic miaRwia. magram mitropolit ananias

    mosazrebis Tanaxmad, VI s-is Sua xanebSi qarTlSi Semosulma sirielma

    mamebma garkveulwilad gaamyares qalkedonitebis poziciebi.

    qarTul istoriografiaSi dRemdea kamaTi, Tu ra rwmenisa unda yofil-

    iyvnen sirieli mamebi. mitropolit ananias dasabuTebuli msjelobidan

    gamomdinare, isini marTlac SeiZleba, qalkedonitebi yofiliyvnen.

    avtori fiqrobs, rom VII s-dan qarTulma eklesiam sabolood gawyvita

    kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan da Tavisi aseTi statusi 681 wels I saekle-

    sio krebis gadawyvetilebebiT dadasaturda.

    gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic saqarTvelos

    samefos ganapira mxareebis _ hereTis, qvemo qarTlisa da tao-klarjeTis

    mosaxleobis religiur rwmenasa da maTi ,,gaqarTvelebis~ sakiTxs exeba.

    monografiaSi naCvenebia monofizituri somxeTis gavlenaSi moqceuli am

    mxareebis qalkedonitobaze moqceva - ,,gaqarTveleba~. Tumca, isini eTni-

    kurad manamdec qarTvelebi iyvnen, somxuri ena am Zveli qarTuli terito-

    riebis mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliuri ki ara, saeklesio iyo. rogorc avtori

    miuTiTebs, swored aRniSnuliT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli erovnebi-

    sadmi kuTvnilebis gamo, Cvens eklesiaSi erovnul-kulturuli eklesiis

    damkvidrebisaTvis mebrZol kirions monofizitebic edgnen mxarSi.

    Tavis droze n. maris mier gamoTqmuli antimecnieruli mosazreba, TiTqos

    VIII-IX saukuneebamde tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba araqarTuli iyo da am

    mxareebis qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi somxuri Zeglebis nangrevebze aSen-

    da, k. kekeliZem da i. abulaZem gaiziares. marTalia, n. maris Teoriis

    kritika jer kidev p. ingoroyvam mogvca, magram winamdebare naSromSi, radgan

    saqarTvelos ganapira mxareebis mosaxleobis mrwamszec aris saubari, mit-

    ropoliti anania am sakiTxsac Seexo. aCvena n. maris mosazrebis usafuZvloba,

    - ra mavne Sedegebi gamoiRo n. maris Teoriam, rogor gamoiyenes igi. n.

    tokarskim, a. iakobsonma, v. mixakovma da sxvebma tao-klarjeTis Zveli qarTu-

    li arqiteqturis Zeglebis araqarTulad gamosacxadeblad.

    jer kidev naSromis dasawyisSi aris gamoTqmuli survili, aRdges qarTuli

    eklesiis Zveli saxelwodeba da mas ,,saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~

    ewodos. naSromis meore tomSi mosazrebis dasadastureblad didZali da

    saintereso masalaa motanili. naCvenebia, Tu ratomaa somxuri da albanuri

    eklesiebis msgavsad qarTuli eklesiac samociqulo, saqarTvelos eklesiis

    mamamTavrebi mociqulTa taxtze rom sxedan. aqve naCvenebia, rom ,,wmida

    kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~, an mcxeTis samociqulo ek-

    lesia ewodeboda.

  • 11saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    vfiqrob, naSromSi sakmao damajereblobiTaa dasabuTebuli, rom mironi

    saqarTveloSi qalkedonis meoTxe saeklesio krebis (451 w.) dadgenilebis

    safuZvelze ikurTxeboda. berZnulenovani sabuTebi qarTuli realobis saw-

    inaaRmdegod rom metyveleben, avtori amas samarTlianad xsnis ucxoelTa

    batonobisagan gaRaribebuli antioqiisa da konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebis

    finansuri mdgomareobis gauaresebiT. maT Zvel sabuTebSi Sesworebani Se-

    hqondaT, raTa sxva eklesiebi eiZulebinaT maTTvis Sesawiri miecaT.

    saintereso masalaa motanili mironis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb. naCvenebia,

    rom igi VI s-Si unda SeedginaT, xolo VI msoflio saeklesio krebas (681

    w.) daedasturebina. uaryofilia b. lominaZis mosazreba, TiTqos mironis

    kurTxeva saqarTveloSi IX s-Si dawesda.

    misaRebi Cans, giorgi merCules Txzulebis teqstis im adgilis, romelSic

    saqarTveloSi mironis kurTxevis dawesebazea saubari, qaragma ,,a-s~ gaxsna

    afxazeTad (da ara aRmosavleTad, rogorc es dResaa miRebuli). qaragmis

    aseTi gaxsnis Semdeg naTeli xdeba afxazeTis eklesiaSi ratom daiwyes

    ierusalimidan motanili mironis magier mcxeTaSi nakurTxi mironis gamoy-

    eneba. ierusalimidan mironis motana, rogorc monografiaSia aRniSnuli, im

    xanad marTlac konstantinepolSi mimdinare brZolebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

    naSromSi sworadaa miTiTebuli, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba

    damoukidebeli afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnis Sedegi iyo. iqve saTanado

    masalis motaniT, naCvenebia afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, erTian qarTul ekle-

    siaSi rom Sedioda. XI saukunis saqarTvelos istoriis gadmocemisas monogra-

    fiaSi kargadaa naCvenebi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris politikuri

    viTarebis garTuleba rogor moqmedebda am qveynebis saeklesio urTierTo-

    baze. rogor da ra pirobebSi miiRo saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurma kaTa-

    likos-patriarqis wodeba. aqve sainteresodaa gaanalizebuli XI saukunis

    saqarTveloSi Seqmnili is viTareba, romelmac ganapiroba adre somxeTTan

    eklesiuri siaxlovis dros Seqmnili saeklesio literaturis xelaxali

    redaqtireba, amjerad ukve berZnulTan dasaaxloeblad. giorgi da eqvTime

    mTawmidelebis, efrem mcires roli am saqmeSi. rogorc mitropoliti anania

    miuTiTebs, dasaxelebulma moRvaweebma, rogorc zogi mkvlevari fiqrobs,

    xelaxla ki ar Targmnes sasuliero literatura berZnulidan, aramed

    ukve Targmnils udarebdnen berZnuls, raTa maTSi somxur eklesiasTan

    siaxlovis kvali aRmoefxvraT. amiT qarTvelma moRvaweebma berZnebs mous-

    pes sababi saqarTvelos eklesia mwvaleblur eklesiad gamoecxadebinaT da

    udidesi roli Seasrules qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebuli av-

    tokefaliisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRorZinebis saqmeSi.

    saqrTvelos sapatriarqos sazRvrebis ganxilvisas naCvenebia, rom Crdilo-

    aRmosavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari xersonisTan mdebare kafamde aRwev-

    da. aqve miTiTebulia qarTuli eklesiis samxreTi da aRmosavleTi sazRvrebi.

    sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic msoflio diptixSi saqarTve-

    los eklesiis sakiTxs Seexeba. saTanado masalaa motanili imis saCvene-

  • 12 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    blad, rom saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde (1054 w.) saqarTvelos eklesias

    ierusalimis eklesiis Semdeg VI adgili eWira. avtori aqve asabuTebs, rom

    diptixSi es adgili 1054 wlis wina droindeli sabuTebidan momdinare

    Cans. msoflio diptixSi qarTul eklesias marTlac VI adgili rom ekava,

    naSromSi amis damadasturebel sabuTad motanilia 1438 wlis ferara-

    florenciis saeklesio krebaze saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgelis VI

    adgilze jdoma. am mxriv, motanili masala, vfiqrob, imdenad saintereso da

    damajerebelia, rom naSromis es nawili ucxo enaze unda gamoqveyndes.

    saTnado dokumenturi masalaa motanili qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani dip-

    tixis _ episkoposTa sxdomis saCveneblad.

    naSromis bolos gaanalizebulia XVIII saukunis saqarTveloSi Seqmnili

    religiuri viTareba, roca araerTi qarTveli iZulebuli Seiqmna ,,somxur

    sarwmunoebaze~ (grigorianeloba) gadasuliyo. naCvenebia anton kaTaliko-

    sis didi roli qarTvelobis dacvisaTvis brZolaSi. uxvi masalaa motani-

    li imis saCveneblad, rom grigorianobaze gadasuli qarTvelebi Tavis

    erovnebad qarTvelobas asaxelebdnen.

    sabolood unda davZino: mitropolit ananias naSromSi imdeni sain-

    tereso sakiTxia dasmuli da gaanalizebuli, rom yvela maTganis recenzia-

    Si Sefaseba SeuZlebelia (ra Tqma unda, amas upirveles yovlisa naSromis

    didi moculoba da masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis simravle arTulebs). Cvens

    winaSea metad saintereso, titanuri Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ,,saqarTve-

    los samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis Tvramet-

    saukunovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba sakamaTodac mogveCvenos,

    magram es romelime konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb an qarTul istoriogra-

    fiaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT aris gamowveuli, an sakiTxis

    garSemo arsebuli saistorio wyaroTa simciriT. saerTod ganxiluli naS-

    romis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoeba, rom mitro-

    polit ananias wigniT qarTuli eklesiis monografiuli Seswavlis saqmeSi

    mxolod pirveli nabiji idgmeba.

    yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, umniSvnelo tiraJiT gamocemuli saqarTve-

    los samociqulo eklesiis istoriis (axalcixe, rabaTi, 1983-88 ww.) xelmeo-

    red gamoqveyneba sasurvel da gadaudebel saqmed mimaCnia, rac myar safuZ-

    vels Seuqmnis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Semdgom kvlevas.

    vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang gggggoilaZeoilaZeoilaZeoilaZeoilaZe

    1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli

  • 13saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    saqarTvelos samociqulo

    eklesiis istoria

    mitropoliti anania jafariZe

    arqimandrit ananias episkoposad kurTxeva

    uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

    kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mier,

    sveticxoveli, 15 marti, 1981 weli.

  • 14 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!

    Cveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialosasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqcevaAAAAA qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisaAAAAA~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-

    li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-mogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian daavseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-

    yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.SesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamo

    gagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.

    kurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa Tqvenzeda

  • 15saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    Tavi I

    qarTvelTa winaprebis

    bibliuri istoria

    adamidan iesomde

  • 16 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoriaadamidan iesomde

    s a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n a

    WeSmaritebisa da sicocxlis gzaze Tanaxmad `qarTlis cxovrebisa~,

    qarTvelTa pirvelwinaprebs win waruZRva sityva RmrTisa, TviT RmerTi

    macxovari Cveni ieso qriste:

    ori aTasi wlis win, amaRlebis Semdgom, yovladwmida RvTismSobels eCve-

    na ufali da qarTveli eris momavali cxovrebis Sesaxeb amcno:

    `hoi dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufrois yovelTa

    naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTvis~ (q.c. I, gv. 38), rac Tanamedrove qarTu-

    liT ase gamoiTqmis _ ` hoi, dedao Cemo, me ar ugulebelvyof xalxTa Soris

    didebul qarTvels ers, maTTvis Seni meoxebiT~. yovladwmida dedam mis

    wilxvedr saqarTveloSi, misi Zisa da Cveni macxovris ieso qristes davalebiT,

    gamoagzavna mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac daafuZna saqarTve-

    los samociqulo eklesia.

    da, ai, ori aTasi welia Cveni mama-papani erTgulad msaxureben RmerTs _

    `romelman qmna cani gulisxmisyofiT, rameTu ukunisamdea wyaloba misi~

    (fs. 135,5), ` romelman qmna cani da qveyana, zRva da yoveli rai ars mas Sina~

    (fs. 145,6), `romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa mis mieriTa, zegardmo arsni

    suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa~ (rusTv.), ` romelman gardasul TaobebSi neba

    uboZa yvela xalxs, evloT TavianTi gziT~ (saqme, 14,16).

    igi isaa, romelic ar ugulebelyofs mis gzaze myof Cvens ers, rameTu mis

    mier Seiqmna yoveli xalxi da eri _ ` yovelive mis mier Seiqmna da Tvinier

    misa arca erTi ra iqmna, raodeni ra iqmna~ (ioan. 1.3).

    Cveni mamebis yovlad keTilma, yovlad wmida, yovlismcodne, yovlisSem-

    Zlebelma, saxierma, sulgrZelma da mravalmowyale RmerTma eqvs dReSi

    Seqmna xiluli qveyana uxilavis Semdgom `rameTu man Tqva da iqmnes, amcno

    da daebadnes~ (fs. 32,9).

    `Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa. miwa iyo usaxo da udaburi.

    bneli ido ufskrulze da suli RvTisa iZvroda wylebs zemoT. Tqva RmerT-

    ma: iyos naTeli! da iqmna naTeli (dab. 1. 1-3).

    meore dRes RmerTma Seqmna samyaro cisa, mesame dRes misi brZanebiT

    cisqveSeTSi erTgan Segrovda wyali, gamoCnda xmeleTi, aRmoacena miwam

    mcenareuli, meoTxe dRes _ man Seqmna mnaTobebi, mexuTe dRes _ wylis

    suldgmulebi, cis frinvelebi.

  • 17saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    meeqvse dRes Tav Tavis gvarisda mixedviT cxovelTa Seqmnis Semdgom _

    `Tqva RmerTma: gavaCinoT kaci Cvens xatad, Cvens msgavsebad. epatronos

    zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, pirutyvs, mTels dedamiwas da yvela qvemZroms,

    rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs. Seqmna RmerTma kaci, Tavis xatad Seqmna igi,

    mamakacad da dedakacad Seqmna isini.

    akurTxa RmerTma isini da uTxra: inayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT dedamiwa,

    daeufleT mas, epatroneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac

    ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~ (dab. 1.26-28).

    meSvide dRes, samyaros Seqmnis Semdeg ganisvena man, romlis saqmeni ` didad

    Svenier arian, da simarTle misi hgies ukuniTi ukunisamde~ (fs. 110, 3).

    Semoqmedma dasabamidan kacad da qalad Seqmna adamianebi (maTe, 19,4).

    `aiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis baRSi mis dasamuSave-

    blad da dasacavad. gaafrTxila ufalma RmerTma adami da uTxra: yvela

    xis nayofi geWmeva am baRSi, mxolod keTilis da borotis Secnobis xis

    nayofi ar SeWamo, radgan, rogorc ki SeWam, mokvdebio~ (dab. 2, 15-17), magram

    gvelis mier Secdenilma evam akrZaluli nayofi Wama da qmarsac aWama.

    aexilaT Tvali orives (dab. 3,7).

    `Tqva ufalma RmerTma, aha, gaxda adami, rogorc erTi CvenTagani, Semcnobe-

    li keTilisa da borotisa. ar gaiwodos axla xeli da ar mowyvitos

    sicocxlis xis nayofic, ar SeWamos da maradiulad ar icocxlos. gauSva

    igi ufalma RmerTma edemis baRidan, rom daemuSavebina miwa, saidanac iyo

    aRebuli. gandevna adami. edems ki aRmosavleTiT qerubimebi da cecxlovani,

    mbrunavi maxvili dauyena, raTa sicocxlis xesTan misasvleli daecvaT~

    (dab. 3. 22-24).

    madlierebis nacvlad pirvelma adamianma ufali RmerTisagan micemuli

    pirveli mcneba daarRvia Tavisi urCobiT da pirveli codva Caidina.

    `erTi kacis urCobiT mravali gaxda codvili~ (rom. 5, 19).

    `erTis Secodebisagan yvela kacis Tavze moiwia sasjeli~ (rom. 5, 18).

    `erTis SecodebiT mravalni mokvdebian~ (5, 15).

    Taobidan Taobas gadaecema adamis codva da codvis gamo _ sikvdili

    (rom. 5, 12).

    ganidevna adami edemis baRidan, dawyevlili miwa unda daemuSavebina,

    romlisganac tanjviT miiRebda sazrdos. ZeZvsa da ekals aRmoucenebda

    miwa, pirofliani Wamda purs, sanam miwadve gadaiqceoda, saidanac iyo aRebu-

    li, radgan mtveri iyo da mtvrad gadaiqceoda (dab. 3, 17-19).

    edemidan gandevnis Semdeg ` Seicno adamma eva, Tavisi dedakaci, daorsul-

    da eva da Sva kaeni da Tqva: kaci SemeZina uflisagan. mere Sva misi Zma

    abeli. abeli mecxvare iyo, kaeni miwis muSaki. gamoxda xani da miarTva

    kaenma ufals ZRveni _ miwis nayofi~ (dab. 4,1-3). abelmac Seswira ufals

    msxverpli _ gamoarCia Tavisi faris rCeuli pirutyvidan pirvelSobilni,

    misTvis yvelaze Zvirfasni. `mohxeda ufalma abels da mis ZRvens, xolo

  • 18 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    kaensa da mis ZRvens ar mohxeda~ (dab. 4. 4-5), rameTu `rwmeniT Seswira

    abelma RmerTs kaenisaze ukeTesi msxverpli, romliTac miiRo mowmoba, rom

    marTalia igi, rogorc RmerTma daamowma mis ZRvenTa Sesaxeb~ (ebr. 11,4).

    Zmis sikeTiT gamwarebulma kaenma Tavi CaRuna. codva gabatonda masze _

    gaiyvana abeli velad da mokla.

    `uTxra RmerTma _ es ra Caidine? Seni Zmis sisxli miwidan SemomRa-

    Radebs. daiwyevla kaeni, devnili da miusafari Seiqmna qveynad. amuSavebda

    miwas. uflis pirisagan gadaxvewili kaeni gamravlda da misgan boroti

    STamomavloba warmosdga _ daiviwyes Semoqmedi RmerTi da keTili saqmeni,

    ewodaT maT `kacTa Svilebi~.

    mwuxare adamsa da evas RmerTma momadla sxva naSieri nacvlad abelisa

    _ SeTi. `SeTsa SeeZina vaJi da uwoda saxelad enoSi, maSin daiwyo uflis

    saxelis xseneba~ (dab. 4.26). ewoda mis STamomavlebs `RvTis Svilebi~. maT-

    gan warmosdga noe _ Svili lameqisa.

    iwyes gamravleba adamianebma dedamiwaze. Seerivnen `kacTa Svilebs~ `Rv-

    Tis Svilebi~ da SeiZines maTgan yovelive ukeTuri Cveuleba.

    `dainaxa ufalma RmerTma, rom imata adamianTa ukeTurebam am qveynad, rom

    ukeTuri iyo mudamJams maTi yoveli gulisTqma. inana ufalma, rom Seqmna

    adamiani amqveynad da Sewuxda. Tqva ufalma _ miwis pirisagan aRvgvi adami-

    ans, romelic Sevqmeni, adamianidan dawyebuli pirutyvamde, qvewarmavlamde,

    cis frinvelamde, radgan vnanob, rom gavaCine. mxolod noes epova madli

    uflis TvalSi. es aris ambavi noesi: marTali, sruli kaci iyo noe Tavis

    TaobaSi, RmerTTan dadioda noe. Sva noem sami vaJi: semi, qami da iafeTi~

    (dab. 6. 5-10).

    ufalma RmerTma ineba miwis pirisagan adamianisa da yoveli xorcielis

    aRgva wylis warRvniT. noes ki ubrZana kidobnis gakeTeba. aswavla misi

    momzadeba. Seiyvana noem kidobanSi yovelgvari cxoveli, yovelgvari xor-

    cieli, rasac ki sicocxlis suli edga, yvela wyvil-wyvilad, wmida piru-

    tyvisagan Svid-Svidi waiyvana, uwmindurisagan or-ori. Sevidnen kidobanSi

    noe da misi Svilebi, colebi, raTa ganridebodnen warRvnas, meSvide dRes

    movida warRvna qveynad (dab. 7. 7-10).

    as ormocdameaTe dRis bolos dadga wyali da Sewyda wvima. araratis

    mTebs miadga kidobani. TandaTan iklebda wyali da gamoCnda mTis mwverval-

    ebi. jer kidev idga wyali miwis pirze da ver ipoves brWyalis mosaWidi

    noes mier kidobnidan gaSvebulma frinvelebma. meSvide dRes xelaxla

    gauSva mtredi kidobnidan, ` dabrunda mtredi saRamoJams da aha, zeTisxilis

    nedli rto eWira niskartiT. mixvda noe, rom damwdariyo wyali dedami-

    waze~ (dab. 8. 11).

    gadmovida noe Tavisi col-SviliT da kidobans Sefarebuli yoveli ar-

    seba. augo noem samsxverplo ufals da miiyvana yovladdasawvel Sesawirad

    TiTo-TiTo yoveli wmida pirutyvidan da frinvelidan.

  • 19saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    iynosa ufalma keTilsurneleba da Tqva Tavis gulSi: aRar davwyveli

    miwas adamianis gamo, aRar gavanadgureb cocxal arsebas.

    `akurTxa RmerTma noe da misi Svilebi da uTxra: inayofiereT, imravleT

    da aavseT qveyana: (dab. 9, 1). Tqveni SiSi hqondes yovel suldgmuls, rac ki

    iZvris dedamiwaze, Tqvens xelT arian isini, saWmelad gaZlevT. mis sulTan

    _ mis sisxlTan erTad nu SeWamT, me ki Tqvens sisxls Tqveni sicocxlis wil

    movikiTxav. `vinc adamianis sisxls daRvris, adamianis mierve daiRvreba

    misi sisxli, radgan RvTis xatad Seiqmna adami, inayofiereT da imravleT,

    moefineT qveyanas da gamravldiT masze~ (dab. 9. 6-7).

    b a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n a

    noes Svilebi gamravldnen, `maTgan mTeli dedamiwa iqna dasaxlebuli~,

    kacobrioba am droisaTvis erTiani iyo, erTi enis mqone, eTnikurad erTgvari.

    jer kidev ar iyvnen erebi _ `erTpiri iyo mTeli dedamiwa da erT enaze

    metyveli. roca daiZrnen aRmosavleTidan, hpoves veli Sinyaris qveyanaSi

    da iq damkvidrdnen. uTxres erTmaneTs: modi, movziloT Tixa da gamovwvaT,

    qvis magivrad aguri hqondaT, kiris magivrad fisi. Tqves: aba, avaSenoT

    qalaqi da godoli da cas mivuwvdinoT misi Txemi. aRvmarToT niSan-sveti,

    rom ar gavifantoT dedamiwis zurgze, Camovida ufali, rom enaxa qalaqi da

    godoli, romelsac adamianebi aSenebdnen, Tqva ufalma: aha, erTi xalxia es

    da erTi ena aqvs yvelas. raki es saqme wamouwyiaT, amieridan daubrkole-

    bliv gaakeTeben yvelafers, rasac ki ganizraxaven. aba, Caval da enas avurev

    maT, rom veraferi gaagebinon erTmaneTs. gafanta isini ufalma iqidan mTels

    dedamiwis zurgze da maTac Sewyvites qalaqisa da godolis Seneba. amito-

    mac ewoda saxelad babiloni, radgan swored aq aRria ufalma mTeli dedami-

    wis ena da aqedan gafanta isini ufalma dedamiwis zurgze~ (dab. 11. 1-9).

    noes Ze _ `qami iyo qanaanis mamamTavari~, _ weria dabadebaSi. semma _

    ebraul da sxva semitur tomebs daudo safuZveli. iafetma ki _ evropasa

    da aziaSi gavrcelebul mraval xalxs. TviTon sityva `iafeti~ niSnavs

    `gavrcelebas~. sxvadasxva xalxis mamamTavarTa Soris bibliis Zveli, gan-

    sakuTrebiT ki qristiani komentatorebi qarTvelTa mamamTavarsac asaxele-

    ben _ zogierTi cnobiT, is yofila iafetis Ze Tubali. saerTod iafetis

    STamomavlebi, noes dalocvis Sesabamisad, raodenobiTac da RirsebiTac

    upiratesni iyvnen sxva mamamTavarTa STamomavlebze. noem iafeti ase dalo-

    ca _ ganufarTos RmerTma iafets, semis karvebSi daemkvidros, daemorCilos

    mas qanaani (dab. 9. 27).

  • 20 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    iafetis STamomavloba aseTia:

    _ ` iafetis Zeni: gomeri, magogi, madai, iavani, Tubali, meSeqi da Tirasi.

    gomeris Zeni: aSqenazi, rifaTi da Togarma.

    iavanis Zeni: eliSa, TarSiSi, qiTimi da dodanimi. amaTgan ganifantnen

    zRvispira xalxebi Tav-Tavis qveynebSi, TiToeuli Tavisi enis mixedviT, Tavi-

    si tomis mixedviT, Tav-Tavis xalxSi~ (dab. 10. 2-5).

    bibliis komentatori ase ganmartavs am saxelebs:

    `gomeri~ _ ...am xalxis saxels sxvaganac vxvdebiT bibliaSi _ winaswarmetyvel

    ezekielTan, romelic maT aRwers, rogorc mezobels Tubalisa da mosoxisa (38, 6)

    da sxva xalxebis rigSi, romelnic saxlobdnen Crdilo siriaSi da mcire aziaSi.

    `magogi~ ... ezekielTan es tomebi gamodian, rogorc gamocdili da dax-

    elovnebuli moisarni (38, 16. 39, 3). isini cxovroben zemoT dasaxelebulebT-

    an mezoblad, odnav maT CrdiloeTiT. zogierTni maTSi xedaven skviTebs,

    romelnic cxovroben azovis zRvis piras. magogSi aseve skviT-Turanelebs

    xedaven. skviTebis bediswera asrulda ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad,

    maTi ganadgurebis Sesaxeb samon-gogis dablobze, roca isini dabrundnen

    palestinaSi da daavaddnen, rogorc aRwers herodote (1, 105-106).

    `madai~... am saxeliT iwodebodnen arielebi, mcxovrebni dasavleT aziaSi

    _ midielebi. maTi didi nawili TandaTanobiT gadasaxlda aRmosavleTSi da

    miiRo indusebis saxeli. midielebis sparselebTan da, saerTod, arielebTan

    naTesaobis Taobaze werda winaswarmetyveli danieli (V, 28).

    `iavani~ _ miuTiTebs berZnebze, upirvelesad ionielebze.

    `Tubal mesexi~... _ rogorc dabadebaSi, aseve wmida werilis mraval

    adgilas es ori xalxi, rogorc wesi, erTiandebian da erTad gamoisaxebian

    magogis moxarkeebad (ezek. 38, 2. 39, 1). erTxel sxvaTaSoris iavanTan erTi-

    andebian (e. 37, 13). da kidev or adgilas maTi sacxovrisi ganisazRvreba

    palestinis CrdiloeTiT. asirieli mefeebis analebSi arcTu iSviaTad moix-

    senieba Muski da Tabal, viTarca ori mezobeli xalxi, mcxovrebi kilikiaSi.xolo herodote ambobs tibarekebsa da iberianelTa (iberTa) da mosoxTa

    Sesaxeb, kolxidis mezoblad mcxovrebTa Sesaxeb. mecnierebi Tvlian, rom

    Tavdapirvelad orive xalxi cxovrobda tigrosisa da evfratis saTaveebSi,

    midiasa da skviTias Soris, e.i. kolxeTsa da iberiaSi (Tubal _ savaraudoa

    iberebi anu qarTvelebi).

    `gomeris Zeni~: aSqezani... ` _ imaze dayrdnobiT, rom Tanamedrove ebraelebi

    germanias `askenazs~ uwodeben, iudevel ganmmartebelTa umravlesoba aq

    xedavs miTiTebas germanelebze... advilad SesaZlebelia aseve is, rom es

    erovneba Tavis Tavdapirvel sacxovrisad (igulisxmeba mcire azia) gasv-

    lis Semdeg, droTa viTarebaSi damkvidrda dasavleT evropaSi da aq daudo

    safuZveli momavali germaniis cxovrebas.

    `Togarma~ ... es saxeli kidev orjer gvxvdeba ezekielTan, rogorc cx-

    enebisa da virebis momwodebeli tireli vaWrebisaTvis (ezek. 27, 14. 38, 6).

  • 21saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    tradiciis Tanaxmad, romelic Semonaxulia mose xorenacisTan, somxeTis

    mcxovrebTa mamamTavrad iTvleboda Togarmas Svili~ (ix. ` ~,

    t. I, 1904. s. 70).

    m s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b i

    ramdenad Seefardeba mecnierul Tvalsazriss bibliaSi gadmocemuli

    Txroba enaTa da xalxTa warmoqmnis Sesaxeb? amasTan dakavSirebiT komenta-

    tori wers, rom genealogiuri cxrilebi aRmosavleTis Zveli xalxebi-

    saTvis warmoadgendnen yvelaze mniSvnelovan da farTod gavrcelebul

    movlenas, umTavres da TiTqmis erTaderT istorias warsulisas, is saimedod

    iyo daculi da Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda.

    bibliis genealogiuri cxrilebi, ueWvelad uZvelesi, warsulis Zeglebia,

    wamosuli abramis epoqidan, Cans, TviT noes ojaxidan. axal aRmoCenaTa

    wyalobiT, Tanamedrove mecnierebi ufro da ufro rwmundebian xalxTa

    bibliuri cxrilebis sinamdvilesa da simarTleSi, magaliTad, mas `Zvel

    msoflioSi xalxTa gansaxlebis gansakuTrebiT Zveli, gansakuTrebiT Zvir-

    fasi da sruli istoriis~ dokuments uwodebs cnobili frangi orientalis-

    ti lenormani da ambobs, rom `mis sinamdviles gasaocrad adasturebs

    SedarebiTi enaTmcodneoba da fiziologiuri gamokvleva sxvadasxva erisa~.

    cxrili amtkicebs kacobriobis erTa erTobis WeSmaritebas, uCvenebs, rom

    mTeli kacobrioba warmoiSva mxolod am sami (semi, qami, iafeti) Stosagan,

    romelnic Tavis mxriv gamovidnen erTi saerTo Ziridan (ix. `tolkovaia

    biblia~, peterburgi, 1904, gv. 68).

    dabadeba meaTe TavSi CamoTvlis semitur, qamitur da iafetur xalxebs,

    maT eTnarqebs da bolos ambobs: `es aris noes ZeTa STamomavloba Tav-

    Tavisi modgmis mixedviT, Tav-Tavis xalxSi. maTgan ganStovdnen xalxebi

    qveyanaze warRvnis Semdeg~ (dab. 10, 32).

    Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebi semitur enaTa ojaxebs akuTvneben asurul-

    babilonurs, anu aqadurs, Zvel ebrauls (anu bibliis enas), finikurs, arameuls,

    siriuls, arabuls, eTiopurs.

    qamitur enaTa ojaxs akuTvneben berberulsa da kuSitur enebs, Zvel

    egvipturs, kopturs (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, 1982, gv. 98).

    msoflios yvelaze farTod ganfenili enaTa ojaxia indoevropuli, rogorc

    nabrZanebia _ ` ganufarTos RmerTma iafeTs~, masSi Sedis enaTa induri, iran-

    uli, slavuri, baltikuri, germanuli, romanuli, kelturi, berZnuli Stoebi,

    calkeuli enebi.

    indoevropul enaTa ojaxSi Sedis 86-ze meti ena, ganfenilni atlantis

    okeanidan indoeTisa da wynar okeanemde. am ojaxis enaTa calkeul Stoeb-

    Sic aTeulobiT ena Sedis, magaliTad, romanul (italikur) StoSi Sedis 13

  • 22 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    ena, germanuli Stos sxvadasxva jgufSi _ 11 ena, indur StoSi _ 12 ena,

    aseve iranulsa da sxva StoebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli enebi

    amJamad Zlier daSorebulni arian erTmaneTs, mecnierebi gamokvlevebis

    Sedegad mividnen daskvnamde, rom aRniSnuli enebi warmoSobilni arian

    erTi indoevropuli fuZe enis diferenciaciis, daSla-danawevrebis Sede-

    gad. isini aRniSnul monaTesave enaTa SejerebiT da SedarebiT rwmundebian

    rom, miuxedavad droTa viTarebiT gamowveuli cvlilebisa, maT SeinarCunes

    saerTo struqturuli niSnebi. mecnierTa daskvniT, fuZe indoevropul enas

    Tavdapirvelad gamoeyvnen winareitalikebis, winarebaltielebis, winareger-

    manelebis, indoiranelebis, xeTebisa da sxvaTa enebi, romelnic Semdgom

    Tavis mxriv daiSalnen calkeul enebad. xalxTa uzarmazari indoevropuli

    jgufi Tavdapirvelad warmoadgenda mTlian, jer kidev dauSlel gaerTianebas,

    romelic saerTo enaze metyvelebda. saerTo fuZe indoevropuli ena mecni-

    erTa TvalsazrisiT daunawevrebeli saxiT arsebobda `Cvens eramde IV

    aTaswleulSi~, unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi RvTismetyvelis Tanaxmad, msof-

    lio warRvna moxda 3246 wels qristeSobamde, qronologia faqtobrivad

    Tanmxvedria.

    `msgavsadve yvela semitur enasa da yvela qamitur enas amJamad erTmane-

    Tisagan daSorebulsa da gantotvils, warsulSi gaaCndaT saerTo fuZeena,

    romlisganac diferencirebis Sedegad warmodgnen isini~. aseTia azri

    lingvistebisa. amas mowmobs enaTa da xalxTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb wmida

    werilic.

    `dabadeba~ sxva Tavdapirvel xalxTa Soris qarTvelTa winaprebs _ To-

    bels, mosoqsa da aseve Torgams, _ pirvel rigSi CamoTvlis. Tobeli da

    mosoqi (mosoxi) iyvnen iafetis Zeni, xolo Torgami iafetis Zis Ze iyo.

    SemTxveviT ar uwodebda lenormani bibliis genealogiur sias msoflioSi

    xalxTa gansaxlebis srul istorias. arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom kaenis _

    pirveli adamianis Zis Zeebsac _ iabeli, iubeli, Tubal-kaeni ewodebodaT.

    yvela amaT qarTvelur tomTa winaprebad gulisxmobdnen gamoCenili is-

    torikosebi. bibliis genealogiuri cxrilis safuZvelze mkvlevarebs ufleba

    eZlevaT ganacxadon, rom msoflios Tavdapirvel xalxTa Soris qarTvelTa

    winaprebs eWiraT mniSvnelovani raodenobrivi wili. Tavis mxriv, am mo-

    sazrebas ganamtkicebs lingvist mecnierTa Teoriebi, romlis Tanaxmadac,

    indoevropul fuZeenaze gavlena mouxdenia protoqarTvelur enas. mar-

    Tlac, aTaswleulTa win, kacobriobis gariJraJze, jer kidev dauyofel pro-

    toindoevropul enaze gavlenas ver moaxdenda proqarTveluri, am enis

    matarebel eTnoss mniSvnelovani adgili rom ar sWeroda mesopotamiasa da

    mcire aziaSi _ kacobriobis Tavdapirvel samSobloSi. protoqarTvelur

    enas, rogorc aRiniSna, urTierToba hqonia protosemiturTanac, es kidev

    erTxel amtkicebs lenormanisa da sxva mecnierTa azrs bibliis geneal-

    ogiuri cxrilis istoriulobis Sesaxeb, agreTve im azrsac, rom Tavdapirvel

  • 23saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    protoqarTvelebs mniSvnelovani adgili eWiraT zemoaRniSnul regionSi.

    winareindoevropul, winaresemitur da winareqarTvelur enaTa sistemeb-

    is qronologiuri da arealuri urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb weren:

    `indoevropul winare enis arealuri kontaqtebi semitur da qarTvelur

    enebTan gamovlenili leqsikur nasesxobaTa masalebiT kargad jdebian semi-

    tur da qarTvelur winare enaTa sistemebis qronologiur da arealur

    ganawilebaTa CarCoebSi. saerTo semituri enis arseboba unda mivakuTvnoT

    periods ara ugvianes IV aTaswleulisa... rac qronologiurad emTxveva

    saerTo indoevropuli enis daTariRebas. winaresemituris areali unda

    yofiliyo axlo aRmosavleTis gansazRvruli olqi, sadac SeiZleboda hqono-

    daT kontaqtebi semitur enebs, rogorc indoevropul winare enaTa sistemebTan,

    aseve samxreT kavkasiur (qarTvelur) winare enis sistemasTan~ (T. gamyreliZe,

    v. ivanov. `indoevropeiskii iazik i indoevropeici~ t. II. 1984. s. 380).

    p r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l i

    e T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b a

    babilonis godolis dacemis Semdeg enaTa aRrevis Sedegad warmoqmnili

    Tavdapirveli xalxebi ` gafanta ufalma RmerTma dedamiwis zurgze~. Tavda-

    pirvel xalxTa Soris, rogorc iTqva, dabadeba asaxelebs qarTvelTa winapre-

    bad miCneul Tobelsa da mosoxs. isini sxva xalxebTan erTad, cxadia, unda

    wasuliyvnen yvela xalxis saerTo samSoblodan _ mesopotamiidan _ qvey-

    nierebis sxvadasxva kideSi, gafantuliyvnen dedamiwaze. SeZles Tu ara

    protoqarTvelebma gafantvis Semdeg TavianTi eTnikuri saxis SenarCuneba,

    romel qveyanaSi Cans maTi kvali? es sakiTxi yovelTvis ainteresebdaT

    eklesiis mamebs, aseve istorikosebs, lingvistebs, bibliis komentatorebs.

    Zvel samyaroSi, jer kidev qristeSobamde, espanel da kavkasiel iberebs

    erTi warmoSobis xalxad Tvlidnen. Rirsi mama ioane mTawmideli espaneTs

    qarTvelebiT dasaxlebulad miiCnevda.

    XIII-XIV saukuneTa istorikoss nikifore qsantopuloss, romelsac aqvs

    18 wignisagan Semdgari `saeklesio istoria~, miaCnda, rom saqarTvelos

    iberebi `ispaniis iberTagan arian gadmosaxlebulni~ (georgika, VII, 1966),

    kidev ufro adre qarTvelTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb werdnen eklesiis mamebi.

    iberTa, anu qarTvelTa sacxovrisis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben eklesiis istori-

    kosebi evsevi kesarieli (260-340), sokrati sqolastikosi, gelasi kesarieli,

    rufinusi (IV-V ss.) da sxvebi.

    amJamad sabolood damtkicebulia, rom qarTvelebi wina aziis Zvel mkvidr

    mosaxleobas ekuTvnian, isini naTesaurad iyvnen dakavSirebulni msoflios

    uZveles kulturul mosaxleobasTan, ufro metic, `cnobil mecnierebs fr.

  • 24 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    homels, ed. maiers, kiperts, leman-haupts, lenormans, akad. n. mars, akad.

    turaevs da sxvebs araerTxel aRuniSnavT, rom qarTveli tomebi memkvidre-

    ni arian Sumerebis, xeTebis, mitanelebis, xaldebisa da sxva, romlebic wina

    aziis uZvelesi xalxebi iyvnen da romlebmac Seqmnes sakacobrio kultur-

    is yvelaze adrindeli kerebi. amgvarive mosazreba ganaviTara da mravalmxrivi

    faqtiuri masalebis moSveliebiT kidev ufro daasabuTa Tavis SromebSi

    akad. iv. javaxiSvilma~ (S. mesxia, simon janaSia, 1950, gv. 39).

    rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, enaTmecnierebaSi arsebobs Teoria, romlis Tanax-

    madac, indoevropuli fuZe enis matarebeli eTnosi xmelTaSuazRvispireTsa

    da wina aziaSi Semovida romeliRac mxridan. manamde es mxareebi (e.i. wina

    aziis, pirineis, apeninis, balkaneTis naxevarkunZulebi) dasaxlebulni iyvnen

    araindoevropuli enis matarebeli tomebiT. akademikosma Tamaz gamyrel-

    iZem, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, wamoayena axali Teoria, romlis Tanaxmadac

    indoevropelebi qristeSobamde IV aTaswleulSi wina aziaSi cxovrobdnen,

    warmoadgendnen jer kidev aradiferencirebul, mTlian gaerTianebas, romelic

    metyvelebda saerTo enaze. Semdgom maTgan warmosdgnen (dayofis Sedegad)

    winare italikebi, winare baltielebi, winare germanelebi, indoiranelebi,

    xeTebi, momavali slavebi da sxvebi. gansakuTrebiT isaa aRsaniSnavi, rom am

    winare indoevropul enas urTierToba hqonia winare qarTvelur da winare

    semitur enebTan, amitomac qarTveluri da semituri winare enebidan usesx-

    ebia bevri sityva. Tu am Teorias SevadarebT n. maris Teorias, davinaxavT

    garkveul msgavsebas. n. maris mixedviT, qarTvelur-kavkasiur-mediteranuli

    enebi warmoadgendnen im substrats, romelzedac aRmocendnen da gaiSalnen

    indoevropelebi _ `...indoevropelebi arsaidan ar mosulan, aramed isini...

    igive iafetelebi arian da indoevropuli enebi iafeturi enebis Semdgomi

    safexuri, maTi transformaciaa axal stadiaze~. Tamaz gamyreliZis Tanaxma-

    dac, indoevropelebi `arsaidan ar mosulan~, maTi winare samSoblo wina

    aziaa, sadac maT urTierToba hqoniaT qarTvelurTan, anu n. maris mixedviT

    `iafeturTan~.

    indoevropul winareenas, Tanaxmad T. gamyreliZisa, urTierToba hqonia

    ara marto winareqarTvelurTan, aramed winaresemiturTanac. n. maris Tanax-

    madac qarTvelurs urTierToba hqonia semiturTan. da radganac qarTve-

    lurs, anu iafeturs mWidro kavSiri hqonda indoevropulTan, semiturTan

    misi dakavSirebiT gamomzeurda enaTa `msoflio kavSiris idea~. n. mari

    `...qarTuli da semituri enebis~ naTesaobas cxadyofs da amiT ki msoflio

    kavSiris ideas amzeurebs~ (d. karbelaSvili, n. maris saiubileo krebuli,

    1934. gv. XVIII).

    n. mari ar gamoricxavda kavkasiis iafeturi enebis kavSirurTierTobas

    qamitur enebTanac, is ambobda _ ` CvenTvis, romlebic iafeturi enaTmecniere-

    bis Teoriis mTeli sistemis agebisas amovdivarT iafeturi enebis semitur-

  • 25saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    Tan naTesaobis faqtobrivi monacemebidan, gasagebia, gamoricxuli ar aris

    kavkasiis Zireuli enebis, e.i. kavkasiis iafeturi enebis, kavSirurTierToba

    qamitur enebTan...~. aqedan Cans, rom baskologiaSi adre gamoTqmuli hipoteza

    qamitur enebTan baskuris naTesaobisa n. marisaTvis misaRebia (gavixsenoT

    magaliTad, hugo Suxardtis debuleba: baskuri enaTesaveba erTsa da imave

    dros qarTvelur-kavkasiurs da qamituri modgmis enebs)... (S. ZiZiguri, baskur-

    kavkasiuri problema, gv. 65).

    n. maris ` msoflio kavSiris idea~ qarTulis meSveobiT albaT aseTi saxiT

    gamoisaxeba (ix. sqema):

    iafetur enaTa ojaxi, n. maris Tanaxmad, moicavda dedamiwis vrcel re-

    gions, xmelTaSuazRvispireTs, kavkasias, pamirs, afrikas (d. karbelaSvili,

    dasax. naSr. gv. XXXVIII).

    marTlac, enaTmecnierebis mniSvnelovani nawili gamowvlilviTi gamokv-

    levebis Sedegad ar gamoricxavs qarTulis, anda fuZe qarTveluri enis

    kavSirs wina aziis uZveles xalxebTan, SumerebTan, protoxeTebTan, xuritebTan,

    aseve pelasgur-etruskul-iberiul enobriv samyarosTan. amitomac unda vi-

    fiqroT, rom babilonis godolis dacemis Semdgom protoqarTveluri enis

    sem

    semituri

    qarTvelur-kavkasiur-mediteranistuli

    iafet

    i a f e t u r i

    pelasguri

    baskuri

    etruskuli

    qam

    qamituri

    indoevropuli

  • 26 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    matarebeli eTnosis erTi nawili darCa wina aziaSi, xolo sxvebi gaifant-

    nen dedamiwis zurgze, kerZod, dasaxldnen kavkasiaSi, xmelTaSuazRvispire-

    Tis qveynebSi, balkaneTSi, apeninisa Tu pirineis naxevarkunZulze. maT, rogorc

    enaTmecnierTa monacemebidan Cans, SeunarCunebiaT TavianTi eTnikuri saxe

    da garkveul dromde enac.

    simon janaSiam pirvelqarTuli eTnosis Sesaxeb Camoayaliba Tavisi kon-

    cefcia _ `uZveles droSi, daaxloebiT eqvsi aTasi wlis winaT, wina aziis

    uzarmazar miwa-wyalze da samxreT evropaSic (balkaneTi, apeninisa da

    pirineis naxevarkunZulebi) erTi modgmis xalxebi cxovrobdnen. Semdeg am

    modgmis xalxTa adgilsamyofeli TandaTan izRudeboda. Zv.w.aR-is II aTaswleu-

    lis damdegisaTvis wina aziis mkvidri xalxebidan cnobili iyvnen xeTebi

    da subarebi. xeTi subarebi qarTvel tomTa winaprebi arian. xeTebi mcire

    aziaSi mosaxleobdnen, subarebs ki eWiraT teritoria CrdiloeT mesopota-

    miidan moyolebuli kavkasionamde. am xeTa-miTanis samefoebis xanaSi kavkasiis

    miwa-wyali xeTur-subaruli modgmis mosaxleobas ekava. ...xeTur-subaruli

    mosaxleoba mraval wvril samTavrod daiqsaqsa. xeTur-subaruli tome-

    bidan ufro Zlierni yofilan muskebi, mermindeli mesxebi, IX saukuneSi ki

    yvelaze energiul brZolebs asurelebs Tubalebi umarTavdnen. Zv.w.aR-is

    IX-VII ss. xeTur-subarulma tomebma axali Zlieri saxelmwifo Seqmnes _

    urartu. aqve, mezoblad arsebobda xeTur-subaruli samefo mana...~ s. jana-

    Sias koncefciam Zlieri gavlena iqonia... samecniero literaturaSi damkvi-

    dreba iwyo mis mier Semotanilma terminebma: `xeTur-iberiuli xalxebis

    jgufi~ (pireneis iberebi, etruskebi apeninis naxevarkunZulze) balkaneTis

    pelazgebi, Sumerebi, xeTebi da subarebi (xuritebi), urartu, muSqebi da

    Tabali, qarTvelebi da sxva kavkasieli xalxebi~ da a.S. (g. meliqiSvili,

    `qarTvelebi, maTi warmomavlobis sakiTxi~, saq. ist. narkv. I, gv. 327).

    simon janaSias Teoria CvenTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom erTmaneTis monaTe-

    save ` xeTur-iberiuli~ xalxebi wina aziidan, TavianT Tavdapirveli samSob-

    lodan gavrcelebulan dasavleTisaken _ afrikis CrdiloeT sanapiroze da

    samxreT evropaSi _ `evropaSi am gvartomobis xalxebi win uswrebdnen

    Semdeg mosul indoevropelebs, romelTac damxvduri mosaxleobisa da misi

    kulturis Zlieri gavlena ganicades. ase iyo pirineis, anu iberiis naxe-

    varkunZulze, sadac Zveli iberiuli mosaxleobis STamomavalni, baskebad

    wodebulni, dRemde arian SemorCenilni. aseve moxda apeninis naxevarkunZu-

    lze, sadac etruskebma Seqmnes italiis uZvelesi civilizacia, romelmac

    Semdgom mZlavri zemoqmedeba iqonia romis kulturaze. dasasrul, balkane-

    Tis naxevarkunZulze gvian mosul indoevropel berZnebsac pelazgebis

    dawinaurebuli mosaxleoba daxvdaT.

    am xalxTa mier Seqmnil maRali kulturis keraTagan yvelaze ufro

    mniSvnelovnad winaaziuri kerebi unda CaiTvalos. wina aziaSi ...adre Caisaxa

  • 27saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    saxelmwifoebrioba. evfratisa da tigrosis auzTa qvemo nawilSi Sumerebma

    (Semeberebma) jer kidev Zv.w.aR-is IV aTaswleulSi ganaviTares saqalaqo

    cxovreba, safuZveli Cauyares saxelmwifos da gamoigones msoflioSi uZve-

    lesi damwerloba _ jer ieroglifuri, xolo Semdgom lursmuli~ (s.

    janaSia, Sromebi, t. V, 1987, gv. 20).

    damoukideblad imisgan, namdvilad aqvs Tu ara qarTul enas genetikuri

    kavSiri wina aziis uZveles enebTan, mecnierTa mier dadasturebulia, rom

    xuritebis, xeTebisa da urartuelebis garkveuli nakadi Serwymia qarTvel

    ers _ `enobrivi monacemebi cxadyofs, rom qarTvel tomebSi unda gaTqve-

    filiyo da qarTveli xalxis SemadgenlobaSi unda Sesuliyo ZvelaRmosav-

    luri civilizaciis Semqmneli, samxreTSi mcxovrebi xalxebis (xuritebis,

    xeTebis, urartulebis) garkveuli nakadi. amisi nakvalevi Tavs iCens qarTvelTa

    enaSi~ (g. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 357). amdenad qarTvelebs ufleba

    aqvT TavianTi Tavi maT memkvidreebad miiCnion.

    qristeSobamde III aTaswleulSi saqarTveloSi arsebuli TrialeTis Sua

    brinjaos xanis kulturis Zlieri kavSiri Sumerul samyarosTan mkvle-

    varebs afiqrebinebs, rom winaaziuri warmoSobis zogierTma tomma saqarTvelo-

    Si SemoaRwia (iqve, gv. 353). ` TrialeTis kulturas metad mkafio paralele-

    bi moepoveba ara marto Crdilo-dasavleT iranis materialur kulturaSi,

    aramed xeTur samyaroSic~ (iqve, gv. 354). saerTod TrialeTis kulturis

    gamoCenas amierkavkasiaSi ukavSireben xuritebis tomis eqspansias (iqve, gv.

    355). arqeologiac emxroba zemomotanil azrs.

    dadasturebuli faqtia qarTul-indoevropuli enobrivi siaxlove, Tumca

    ki qarTuli enaTa damoukidebel ojaxs ganekuTvneba, es imiTaa saintereso,

    rom wina aziis uZvelesi mosaxleoba indoevropelebi aRmoCndnen, qarTvelebs

    mWidro kontaqtebi hqoniaT maTTan, imdenad, rom uZveles qarTvelur enas

    Zlieri transformacia ganucdia indoevropuli substratis gavleniT.

    fiqroben, rom es garemoeba Sedegia im xangrZlivi da mWidro kontaqtebisa,

    romelTac adgili unda hqonoda uZveles xanebSi qarTvelur tomebsa da

    uZveles indoevropul dialeqtebze molaparake tomebs Soris (g. meliqiS-

    vili, dasax. naSr. gv. 345).

    yuradRebas ipyrobs garkveuli msgavseba qarTvel da Zvel anatoliur

    indoevropul (xeTur, luviur, palaur) enebs Soris (ix. g. giorgaZe, indo-

    evropul-qarTul (qarTvelur) enobrivi paralelebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb, saenaT-

    mecniero krebuli 1979, gv. 62).

    saerTo anatoliuri indoevropuli fuZeenis daSlis procesi dawyebula

    gvarovnuli wyobis dros III aTaswleulSi qristeSobamde, anatoliaSive

    (iqve, gv. 67). nesitebi TandaTan gavrcelebulan centralur da aRmosavleT

    anatoliaSi, romelic manamde dasaxlebuli iyo xeTebis (protoxeTebis)

    tomebiT (zogierTi mecnieris azriT, swored protoxeTebs hqoniaT kavSiri

  • 28 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    qarTvelebTan). nesitur-xaturi urTierTobis dros, romelic gagrZelda

    aseulobiT wlobiT, protoxeTuri ena STanTqa nesiturma, romelmac Tavis

    mxriv ganicada garkveuli cvlileba (fonetikaSi, leqsikaSi, morfologia-

    Si). Serevis da Sejvarebis Sedegad indoevropelebisa da xeTebis tomebs

    Soris Camoyalibda xeTuri eTnosi. daaxloebiT XVII saukuneSi qristemde

    Seqmnilma xeTurma samefom mTlianad SeiTvisa protoxeTebis mdidari

    tradiciebi (iqve, gv. 67).

    Tavis mxriv, xeTur saxelmwifosTan urTierToba unda hqonoda pirvel

    qarTul saxelmwifoebs (politikur warmonaqmnebs) _ diauxis (daianis _

    asiriuli wyaroebiT) da kulxas _ Woroxisa da dasavleT evfratis yara-

    sus raionebSi, sadac ZvelTaganve cxovrobdnen qarTuli tomebi, isinive

    iyvnen samxreTuli periferiebi pirvelqarTuli saxelmwifoebisa. arsebobs

    safuZveli vifiqroT, rom am olqebSi, SeiZleba samxreTiT an samxreT-

    dasavleTiT, ZvelTaganve imyofeboda ZiriTadi teritoria saerTo qarTve-

    luri fuZeenis matarebeli tomisa, romlisgan TandaTan gamoiyvnen sxva-

    dasxva dialeqturi erTeulebi (svanuri, megruli, Wanuri). ivaraudeba aseve

    urTierToba ara xeTebsa da qarTvel tomebs, aramed ufro adre saerTo

    anatoliur indoevropul enobriv erTeulsa da saerToqarTuls Soris.

    simon janaSia protoxeTebs, anu xatebs qarTvelTa uSualo winaprebad

    miiCnevda wina aziis sxva Zvel tomebTan erTad. is werda _ `mTeli wina

    aziis teritoria uZveles xanaSi dasaxlebulia iseTi xalxebiT, romelTac

    ara aqvT araviTari kavSiri arc indoevropelebTan, arac semitebTan, arc

    Turqul-monRolur tomebTan. yvelaze mniSvnelovanni wina aziis am uZve-

    les xalxTagan arian sumerebi, xatebi anu xetebi, mitanelebi, urartus

    (vanis) qaldebi da sxvebi. swored am xalxebma Seqmnes kacobriobis uZvele-

    si kulturuli kera... Semdeg es xalxebi TiTqos qrebian, nuTu ukvalod? ra

    Tqma unda ara. sxva tomebis mowolis gamo isini icvlian teritorias da

    axal-axal kerebs qmnidnen. yvelaze samxreTiT mdebare raionebidan maT

    amoiwies mcire aziasa da mesopotamiaSi, aqedan Savi zRvis samxreT sana-

    piroebsa da vanis tbis raionSi, iqidan kidev Tanamedrove amierkavkasiaSi.

    satomo saxelebis istoria am mxriv did sayuradRebo masalas Seicavs~ (s.

    janaSia, t. III, 1959, gv. 194).

    rogorc vxedavT, s. janaSia amierkavkasiis mkvidr mosaxleobas (upirve-

    lesad, cxadia, qarTvelebs) miiCnevs adgilmonacvlebuli Sumerebis, xatebis,

    mitanelebisa da urartuelebis STamomavlebad. es xalxebi, misi azriT,

    saerTo warmoSobisa SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen.

    safiqrebelia, rom kavSiri arsebobs xatebis, xaldebis, anu qaldebis,

    xalibebis saxelebs Soris. Zveli berZeni mwerlebi pirdapir amboben, rom

    xaldebi winaT xalibebad iwodebodneno. Semdeg sayuradReboa, rom xaldebi

    cxovrobdnen, rogorc Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze, ise vanis tbis garSemo.

    cxadia, es erTi xalxis ori Sto unda iyos.

  • 29saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    aseve sayuradReboa asurul warwerebSi moxsenebuli muskebisa da kaske-

    bis saxelebi. muskebi arian mermindeli mosxebi an mesxebi. kaskebi kidev

    kolxebi, rogorc es aRniSnulia ukve prof. iv. javaxiSvilis mier. mesxebisa

    da kolxebis ambavi yvelasTvis cnobilia. friad sarwmunoa iberebis kavSi-

    ri tibarenebTan da tabal-TobalTan. aseve safiqrebelia, rom termini ` qarTve-

    li~ dakavSirebulia qald-Tan (iqve, gv. 195).

    arnold Ciqobavas daskvniT, rac ufro Sors vixedebiT qarTveluri da

    sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis istoriul warsulSi, miT ufro xelSesaxebi

    xdeba am enaTa warmoSobiTi kavSiri wina aziisa da SuamdinareTis Zveli

    civilizaciis enebTan (urartulTan, huritulTan, xeTurTan, ulamurTan, Sum-

    erulTan). S. ZiZiguris azriT, `mecnierebaSi dgas sakiTxi winaelinuri

    (pelasgur-anatoliuri) kulturis Semqmnel xalxebTan iberiul-kavkasiuri

    enebis kavSiris Sesaxeb. jer kidev adre SeamCnies, rom berZnul enaSi

    gamoiyofa fena, romelic ar aixsneba indoevropuli enebis safuZvelze.

    maSasadame, es danaleqi unda ganekuTvnebodes xmelTaSua zRvis uZveles

    mkvidrTa samyaros... winaberZnuli egeosuri enebis amocnobis gzebi miima-

    rTeba iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisaken, kerZod qarTveluri enebis samyaro-

    saken~ (baskur-kavkasiuri problema, gv. 51).

    egeosuri mosaxleobis istoriis sakiTxebis mkvlevaris, r. gordezianis

    azriT, Sexvedrebi iberiul-kavkasiur da egeosur enebs Soris namdvilad

    mniSvnelovania, aseve egeosur-anatoliur geografiul saxelebs garegnu-

    lad TiTqmis zusti paralelebi aqvT kavkasiurTan, kerZod ki qarTul

    toponimikasTan (ix. r. gordeziani, `iliada~ da egeosuri mosaxleobis

    istoriisa da eTnogenezis sakiTxebi, 1970, gv. 299-301).

    CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxs _ uZvelesi qarTuli eTnosis migracias

    xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebSi exeba mecnieri sxva SromaSic _ etruskulis

    kavkasiurTan da baskurTan mimarTebisas igi varaudobs, rom Zv.w.aR-is III

    aTaswleulis miwurulSi kavkasiidan italiaSi saberZneTis gavliT gada-

    saxlebula kavkasiur tomTa erTi nawili, romelsac Seuqmnia e.w. kavkasiuri

    substrati Semdgom formirebuli etruskulisaTvis (r. gordeziani, etruskuli

    da qarTveluri, 1980, gv. 6).

    etruskul-qarTvelur mravalricxovan enobriv paralelebs r. gorde-

    ziani akavSirebs xalxTa migraciasTan, `gansakuTrebiT ki kavkasiur tomTa

    mZlavr gadasaxlebebTan egeidasa da dasavleT xmelTaSuazRvis auzSi

    adre brinjaos xanis dasawyisSi~ (iqve, gv. 6).

    misi azriT, e.w. kavkasiur-pelazguri Sre italiaSi qristeSobamde II

    aTaswleulSi dawyebul migracias unda Seetana, `isini dakavSirebulni

    unda yofiliyvnen e.w. apeninis kulturis damkvidrebasTan italiaSi... Tavis

    mxriv TviT Sua heladuri kulturis warmoqmna Cven migvaCnia egeidaSi

    kavkasiuri, upiratesad qarTveluri tomebis migraciis Sedegad Zv.w.aR-is II

    aTaswleulis damdegs. rogorc irkveva, maT egeosur samyaroSi Semoitanes

  • 30 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    aSkarad qarTveluri komponenti, rac winare berZnul enobriv samyaroSi

    aTobiT wminda qarTveluri struqturis sityvisa da terminis arsebobiT

    dasturdeba, rogorc Cans, es talRa Zv.w.aR-is II aTaswleulis ganmavlobaSi

    gavrcelda dasavleT xmelTaSua zRvis auzSi, risi Sedegic unda iyos aq

    Suaheladuri tipis kulturebis aRmoceneba da pelazgur-kavkasiuri eno-

    brivi elementebis gavrceleba. swored migraciaTa am talRam moumzada,

    Cvenis azriT, safuZveli Semdgom formirebul etruskul enas. rogorc Cveni

    gamokvlevebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, pelazgur-qarTveluri elementebi albaT

    yvelaze ufro arsebiTia etruskulSi~ (r. gordeziani, etruskuli da qarTve-

    luri, gv. 60).

    sabolood, albaT unda iTqvas, rom babilonis godolis daqcevis Semdgom

    warmoqmnil enaTa da xalxTa Soris arsebobda protoqarTveluri enac, es

    cnobilia bibliis uZvelesi komentatorebisTvisac, romelnic iafetis ZeTa

    Soris qarTvelTa winaprebsac asaxeleben. protoqarTveluri eTnosi, sak-

    maod mravalricxovani yofila, rac iqidan Cans, rom TviT warRvnamdec

    kaenis bolo STamomavalTa Soris lameqis Zeebs ewodaT iabeli (IV, 20),

    iubali da Tubal-kaeni. mecnierTa erTi nawili, saxelebidan gamomdinare

    (aq unda gavixsenoT, rom iafetis Ze Tubali _ qarTvelTa mamamTavrad

    iTvleboda) maT miiCnevdnen qarTuli tomebis mosaxeleebad. iabels _ karavSi

    mcxovrebTa da mejogeTa mamas, iubals _ meCangeTa da mestvireTa mamas,

    Tubal-kaens _ rvalisa da rkinis saWurvelTa mWedels, maTi azriT, saxele-

    bi SerqmeviaT ZvelqarTul tomTa saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. warRvnas

    isini ver gadaurCnen, magram maTi saxelebisa da Tobelis saxelis msgavseba

    mecnierebs afiqrebinebT, rom protoqarTveluri eTnosi sakmaod mraval-

    ricxovani iyo uZveles epoqaSi. godolis daSlis Semdeg, qarTvelTa winaprebi,

    rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, gavrcelebulan qveynierebis sxvadasxva kideSi,

    SuamdinareTidan _ wina aziasa da kavkasiisaken, xmelTaSuazRvispira qvey-

    nebSi, Crdilo afrikaSi. maT yvelgan safuZveli daudviaT Sesabamisi kul-

    turebisaTvis, romelnic Semdgom auTvisebiaT sxvebs.

    a R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a n

    dedamiwis zurgze gafantvis Semdgom adamianebma TandaTan daiviwyes

    TavianTi winaprebisagan gagonili da naswavli gadmocemebi RmerTze, amas

    xels isic uwyobda, rom siSorisa Tu urTierTqiSpis gamo xalxebs Soris

    misvla-mosvla da kavSiri Semcirebuli, anda Sewyvetili iyo. WeSmariti

    RmerTis daviwyebis Semdgom gavrcelda crumorwmuneoba, zeciuri da qvey-

    niuri qmnilebebis Tayvaniscema, amitomac erTi uxilavi RmerTis magier

    Tayvani sces mraval cru ` RmerTs~, maT gamosaxulebebs _ kerpebs emsaxure-

    bodnen da msxverpls swiravdnen maT.

  • 31saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    TandaTan kerpTayvanismcemlad iqca msoflios yvela xalxi, amitomac

    ufalma ineba dedamiwaze yofiliyo erTi xalxi mainc, romelSic daculi

    iqneboda WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, romelsac ecodineboda igi da Tayvans

    scemda mas da mxolod mas.

    ufalma ineba aseTi eri warmoeSva erTi kacis _ abramis STamomavlobis-

    agan. abrami WeSmariti RmerTis madidebeli iyo, warmoSobiT Suamdinareli,

    misi mamis samSoblo qveyana iyo qaldea, qalaqi uri. am droisaTvis qaldea

    erqva qveyanas tigrossa da evfrats Soris TiTqmis sparseTis yuredan

    babilonamde. aq, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, cxovrobdnen sxvadasxva epoqaSi

    jer Sumerebi, Semdgom xuritebi da protoqarTvelebis monaTesaved miCneu-

    li sxvadasxva tomebi semitebTan erTad. CvenTvis sainteresoa, rom qaldea

    ufro mogvianebiT ewodeboda dRevandeli saqarTvelos mezoblad mdebare

    qveynebsac _ urartudan pontos CaTvliT gadaSlil mxares. urartuelTa

    uzenaes RmerTs `xald~ _ qald ewodeboda da isini TavianT Tavs qalde-

    velebad miiCnevdnen. `safiqrebelia, rom termini `qarTveli~ dakavSirebu-

    lia qald-Tan da misi meSveobiT, sxva amave Ziris winaaziur uZveles

    saxelebTan~, _ werda s. janaSia (t. III, 1959, gv. 195). saxel qaldeas ivane

    javaxiSvilic akavSirebda qarTvelebTan. ` dakvirvebam dagvarwmuna, rom qarT-

    megruli Stos tomebis sakuTar saxelebSi (qarTueli, karduxi) erTi da

    igive qveynis saxeli gvxvdeba. igi aris qarTu anu kardu. raki am qveynis

    saxeli orive Stos tomebis saxelwodebaSi moipoveba, ueWvelia igi qarTveleb-

    is Tavdapirveli samSoblo unda yofiliyo. am samSoblos xsovna mesame

    Stos warmomadgenels, svanebsac aqvT SerCenili _ es karTu anu qarTu

    ganTqmuli qveyana qaldea aris~ (qarTveli eris istoria, I, 1951, gv. 403-404).

    ase rom, qaldea ara marto abraamis winaparTa samSobloa, is qarTvelTa

    pirvelsamSoblodac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. aseTi versiis arseboba unda miu-

    TiTebdes, rom qaldevelTa qveyana semitebTan erTad albaT qarTvelTa

    monaTesave, anda protoqarTveluri tomiTac iyo dasaxlebuli.

    rogorc wina Tavidanac Canda, SuamdinareTSi qarTvelTa monaTesave tomebs

    qristeSobamde aTaseuli wlebiT adre daculi hqondaT mcire marcvali

    WeSmariti sarwmunoebisa. qaldevelTa urSi mcxovreb abrams ki hqonda

    Seuryeveli sarwmunoeba RmerTze.

    `mohkida xeli Teraxma Tavis Zes abrams, Tavis SviliSvil lots, hara-

    nis Zes, Tavis rZals sarais, Tavisi Zis abramis cols da gavidnen erTad

    qaldevelTa uridan qanaanis qveyanaSi wasasvlelad. miadgnen xarans da iq

    damkvidrnen~ (dab. 11, 31).

    qaldevelTa urs, sadac cxovrobda mama abramisa Tarra anu Teraxi, Cveu-

    lebriv aigiveben samxreT mesopotamiis qalaq urTan, saidanac is ojaxTan

    erTad gadasaxlebula qalaq xarranSi mesopotamiis Crdilo nawilSi. igi

    iqve gardaicvala. rogorc aRiniSna, mesopotamiaSi sazogadod saukuneTa

  • 32 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

    manZilze sxvadasxva xalxebi cxovrobdnen. istorikosTa Tanaxmad, qriste-

    Sobamde IV-III aTaswleulSi aq mcxovrebma Sumerebma Seqmnes pirveli qalaqi-

    saxelmwifoebi (eridu, uri, uruki, lagaSi, nipuri). Semdgom aq Semodian

    semituri tomebi, romlebmac aiTvises SumerTa kultura. qristemde III

    aTaswleulSi aq sargon mefem Seqmna erTiani semituri mesopotamiis mom-

    cveli saxelmwifo _ aqadi. amave III aTaswleulSi aq SeiWrnen kvlav

    semituri _ amorevelTa tomebi, maT mier Seqmnili saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi

    iyo babiloni. Zvelbabilonuri saxelmwifos Semqmneladaa miCneuli mefe

    xamurabi _ kanonmdebeli. xamurabianTa dinastia daamxes xeTurma tomebma

    1530 wels qristeSobamde. II aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi mesopotamiaSi gamoCnd-

    nen xuritebi, saxelmwifo miTanis Semqmnelebi. xuritebi, istorikosTa erTi

    nawilis Tanaxmad, qarTvelTa winaprebadaa miCneuli, iseve rogorc zogier-

    Ti xeTuri tomi da gansakuTrebiT protoxeTebi. abraamis mamis _ Tarras _

    qaldevelTa uridan gamosvlis droisaTvis qaldea, marTlac qarTvelTa

    winapari tomebiT yofila dasaxlebuli.

    msoflio warRvnis Semdeg ufalma RmerTma aRTqma dado, anu kavSiri

    Sekra mTel kacobriobasTan _ noes saSualebiT. Semdgom abraamis saSu-

    alebiT _ adamianTa TanamonaTesave jgufTan, xolo sinas mTaze ufali

    RmerTi daukavSirda mxolod da mxolod erT xalxs, iakobis STamomavlebs

    _ israelTa Svilebs. man misca maT kanoni, gadaaqcia is Tavis rCeul erad.

    xaranSi yofnisas, abraami (maSin jer kidev abrami erqva) iRebs RvTisagan

    brZanebas _ ` uTxra ufalma abraams: wadi Seni qveynidan, Seni samSoblodan,

    mamaSenis saxlidan im qveyanaSi, romelsac me giCveneb. gaqcev did xalxad,

    gakurTxeb da ganvadideb Sens saxels da kurTxeuli iqnebi. vakurTxeb Sens

    makurTxebels da davwyevli Sens mawyevars. kurTxeuli iqneba SenSi miwi-

    erTa mTeli modgma~ (dab. 12.1-3). `uTxra ufalma abrams mas Semdeg, rac

    loti gaeyara: aaxile Tvali da gaixede am adgilidan, sadac Sen dgaxar,

    CrdiloeTisaken, samxreTisaken, aRmosavleTisaken da dasavleTisaken. mTeli

    es qveyana, rasac xedav, SenTvisa da Seni modgmisaTvis momicia samaradisod.

    qviSasaviT uricxvs gavxdi Sens STamomavlobas. Tu vinme SesZlebs qviSis

    daTvlas, Seni STamomavlobac daiTvleba~ (dab. 13. 14-16).

    Semdgomi sityva aRTqmisa azustebs wina aRTqmebis monacemebs: `am dRes

    daudo ufalma aRTqma abrams da uTxra: Seni STamomavlobisaTvis mimicia

    es qveyana egviptis mdinaridan did mdinaremde _ evfratis mdinaremde...~

    (dab. 15. 18).

    Semdeg kidev ufro gamowvlilviTaa Camoyalibebuli _ `oTxmocdacxra

    wlis iyo abrami, rom gamoecxada ufali abrams da uTxra: me var RmerTi

    Zlieri. iare Cems winaSe da sruli iyavi. davdeb aRTqmas Cemsa da Sens

    Soris da didad, didad gagamravleb. pirqve daemxo abrami da ase elapar-

    aka mas RmerTi: `es me var, da aha, Cemi aRTqmac: `uamrav xalxTa mama

  • 33saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

    Seiqmnebi! aRar gerqvas ameridan saxelad abrami, aramed abraami iyos Seni

    saxeli, radganac uamrav xalxTa mamad gaqcev. didad, didad gagamravleb,

    xalxebad gaqcev da mefeni gamovlen Sengan. davdeb aRTqmas Cemsa da Sens

    Soris da Sens STamomavalTa Soris Taobidan Taobamde, samaradiso aRTqmas,

    rom Seni da Seni STamomavlobis RmerTi viqnebi. mogcem Sen da Sens

    STamomavlobas Seni mdgmurobis qveyanas, qanaanis mTels qveyanas, samarad-

    iso sakuTrebad da Tqveni RmerTi viqnebi. uTxra RmerTma abraams: oRond

    daicaviT Cemi aRTqma Sen da Senma STamomavlobam Taobidan Taobamde~...

    (dab. 17. 1-9). aRTqmis piroba iyo winadacveTa abraamisa da misi STamomav-

    lobisa. winadacveTiloba iyo niSani RvTis xalxis kuTvnilebisa.

    abraami 100 wlisa iyo, roca saram, RvTis dapirebis Tanaxmad, Sva Ze,

    romelsac uwodes isaaki. manamde abraams saras nebiT mxeval agarTan

    eyola ismaili _ ismaitelTa mamamTavari, aseve xeTTurasTan hyavda _

    madiani, madianelTa mamamTavari. isaakma SeirTo rebeka, romelmac Sva tyupi

    vaJebi esavi _ edomelTa mamamTavari da iakobi _ israelianTa mamamTavari.

    marTalia, esavi pirmSo iyo, magram iakobma Tavisi moxerxebiT miiRo pirm-

    Soeba da mamis kurTxevac. amis Semdeg gaeqca esavis risxvas. gaemarTa

    mesopotamiaSi, xaranis sanaxebSi, dedis naTesavebTan. gzaze dauRamda, daido

    lodi sasTumlad da dawva erT adgils _ `esizmra: miwaze kibe dgas da

    TaviT cas swvdeba, uflis angelozebi adi-Camodian kibeze. aha, ufali dgas

    kibeze da eubneba: me var ufali RmerTi abraamisa, mamaSenisa da RmerTi

    isakisa. es miwa, romelzedac wevxar, SenTvis da Seni STamomavlobisaTvis

    momicia. Seni STamomavloba qviSasaviT mravalricxovani iqneba da ganivr-

    cobi dasavleTisaken, aRmosavleTisaken, CrdiloeTisaken da samxreTisaken,

    SeniTa da Seni STamomavlobiT ikurTxeba miwierTa mTeli modgma. aha,

    SenTana var da yvelgan dagifarav, sadac ki waxval, kvlav dagabruneb am

    miwaze. ar migatoveb, vidre ar agisruleb yvelafers rac giTxari~ (dab. 28,

    12-15). xarranSi iakobs SerTes lia da raxili, maTTan da agreTve maT

    mxevlebTan iakobs eyola Tormeti vaJi da erTi qali, maTgan warmoiSva

    israelis Tormeti tomi. Tavisi ojaxiT ukan dabrunebisas iakobs `uTxra

    RmerTma: iakobia Seni saxeli


სამი მეჩეთის ისტორია - 3 Mosques.pdf · სამი მეჩეთის ისტორია მუსლიმების ხმები
სამი მეჩეთის ისტორია - 3 Mosques.pdf · სამი მეჩეთის ისტორია მუსლიმების ხმები
საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი · 1 საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი. საქართველოს
საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი · 1 საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი. საქართველოს
საქართველოს - GIPA · საქართველოს საზოგადოებრივ საქმეთა ინსტიტუტი საქართველოს
საქართველოს - GIPA · საქართველოს საზოგადოებრივ საქმეთა ინსტიტუტი საქართველოს
ისტორია...1 ისტორია II ტური ინსტრუქცია დავალებებისთვის 1-5: თითოეულ ...
ისტორია...1 ისტორია II ტური ინსტრუქცია დავალებებისთვის 1-5: თითოეულ ...
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 2~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 2~
საქართველოს ეკლესიის ისტროიის წყაროები, პერიოდიზაცია და საეკლესიო
საქართველოს ეკლესიის ისტროიის წყაროები, პერიოდიზაცია და საეკლესიო
საქართველოს ისტორია · მდგომი ბრწყინვალე სამეფო ოჯახის (დედოფალი თამარ
საქართველოს ისტორია · მდგომი ბრწყინვალე სამეფო ოჯახის (დედოფალი თამარ
საქართველოს ისტორია - SANGUdl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/programs/d_geohistr.pdf1 საქართველოს საპატრიარქოს წმიდა
საქართველოს ისტორია - SANGUdl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/programs/d_geohistr.pdf1 საქართველოს საპატრიარქოს წმიდა
კესარიელის საეკლესიო ისტორია II file1 ევსები კესარიელის საეკლესიო ისტორია
კესარიელის საეკლესიო ისტორია II file1 ევსები კესარიელის საეკლესიო ისტორია
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 6~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 6~
საქართველოს ისტორია II ტომი
საქართველოს ისტორია II ტომი
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 7~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 7~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 1~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 1~
გელაშვილი ნათია · დარბაიძე სოფიკო 3 31 საქართველოს ისტორია-ბახტაძე ოგანეზოვი
გელაშვილი ნათია · დარბაიძე სოფიკო 3 31 საქართველოს ისტორია-ბახტაძე ოგანეზოვი
რა არის ისტორია
რა არის ისტორია
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 22~
საღმრთო ისტორია ~წიგნი 22~
ფეოდალური სახლის ისტორია XVI-XVIIIdl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/dissertacia/tgogoladze.pdf1 საქართველოს საპატრიარქოს
ფეოდალური სახლის ისტორია XVI-XVIIIdl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/dissertacia/tgogoladze.pdf1 საქართველოს საპატრიარქოს
ისტორია ბაკალავრიატი bakalavriati (10).pdf · ისტორია ბაკალავრიატი 1. ადრეული შუა საუკუნეები
ისტორია ბაკალავრიატი bakalavriati (10).pdf · ისტორია ბაკალავრიატი 1. ადრეული შუა საუკუნეები
ქართული ეკლესიის ავტოკეფალიის აღდგენის 100 … · კონფერენციის გახსნა (ილია
ქართული ეკლესიის ავტოკეფალიის აღდგენის 100 … · კონფერენციის გახსნა (ილია
საქართველოს - GTUleqtori1.gtu.ge/2016_2017/I/uploads/07_30.07.2020.pdf2020/07/30  · ქართული სამართლის ისტორია
საქართველოს - GTUleqtori1.gtu.ge/2016_2017/I/uploads/07_30.07.2020.pdf2020/07/30  · ქართული სამართლის ისტორია