.3

.

.

.

.

.

.I

.II

.III

.VI

.V

( + ) .IV

( + ) .IIV

( ) .IIIV

:

000.005 A

. AD01

A B

AD3

.

.

B

.

.

)A( (B)

AD5,3 (B)

( )

1C2C3C

%01%51%02A

%03+%54+%06+B

3,05,02,0

:.I

5

.62

.1

.

6 4 (

(

8 (

.2

. (

8 (

. 8

.8

(

:xi:

xi :x Pi) (

xi8

pi

5 3

6 42

7 5

8 6

=

=

=

=

7 4

8 5 3

9 6

=

=

=

9 54

01 6

=

== 11 6 5

+

++

+

.1

3 2) ( : 5

4 :4 (

.532

.42 6

: (

5 6 7 8 9 01 11

8 + = + = 5 3 6 2 8 (

62

.53

( .2

:

.01

8 01 (

18 25 .

(

xi567890111101

101

15

15

15

101

1i01

p

1 ) (1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i01 01 5 5 5 01 01

= + + + + + + = x P

.

L W x x xn 2 1 =} { n

:

i1 1 pi 0 Lp p p1 2 ni

= P

. L W x x xn 2 1 =} { W xi W

L = + + + p p pn1 2 1pi

xix1x2...xn

pip1p2...pn

L = + + + p p pn1 2 1

01

: 6 4

: B V

xix1x2.........xn

fif1f2.........fn

xix1x2.........xn

pip1p2.........pn

xiVB

pi4 ,06,0

: .II

( )

.

. I

1 3.

. (1

(2

.

1 1 1a : ) 9 3 3

( =

) .

. (

"c "C "b "B

"e "E "d "D

e d c b a

I

(G)(D)

42 (3

c 21b 8a

.e 61 d

. X

.X -

.X )X(E -

-

0=)X(E (4

.e

(1

2 2 1 ) ( (29 3 3

2 1 1 2 ) ( = = B p72 3 3 3

= = C p

4 2 1 2 ) (72 3 3 3

4 2 2 ) ( = = D p9 3 3

. = = E p

e d c b a

I(G)(D)

3/1

3/1

3/1

3/23/1

3/2

3/23/2

:X (3

xi+ 42+ 8+ 210- 6149

472

272

29

1 9

= x X pi) (

:

8,1 61 0 21 8 424 4 2 2 1 ) (9 72 72 9 9

; - - + + + = X E

.

0 4 84 = X E0 ) ( (49 9

n = + n

.e

. = n21:

21

.e

( )

.x x...... x1 2 nn

:

p p...... p1 2 n

xix1.....xn

fif1.....fn

i1 1 pi 0i

: = p

. pixi

+ + + = m x p x p x pn n ..... 2 2 1 1: m

. m V

2 2V 1

n

i ii

m x p V =

. - =

a xi a .1

.

.a xi .2

xix1.....xn

pip1.....pn

m n

i i1=i

. = m x p

2) ( V 1

n

i ii

m x p V =

. - =

. = s V

01

. 5 3

0 5 012 1: 3 3

= - = m

05 0 5 012 12 2 2 23 3

n

i i1=i

= - + = - = m x p V

= = s V2 5

1

BA

41

.

.

:

= S8,7,6,5,4 ,3,2} { (. )

: A

. - = E01,8,6,4 ,2 ,0,2} {

01+5xi

23

13

pi

123412345234563456745678

:

7

1

i1i

p =

. =

: 3 2 1

)2( )0( )2 (61 61 61

1 2 3 4)01( )8( )6( )4(

61 61 61 6146

4 61

+ + - = m

+ + + +

= =

. 4A

Axi 4 B

= - = m m 0 4:

. B

2

. 51 5

) 3

. (

.54321

(1

xi20246801161

261

361

461

361

261

1i61

p

. (2

"4 " :A

: (1

. 5

52 5

. 5

. = 521 5 5 5

) = 06 3 4 5 (2

. (

4 A

. 3 4

1 21 ) ( : . = 21 3 45 06

. = = A p

: .III

53

.

L

S

%54%55%75)F(

%37%72%34)G(

. (1

(2

: . (3

( (

. (4

G F

L SS L

. (1

. (2

8500:

(3

= F P35,0 ) ( ( = = S G P43,0 37,0 74 ,0 ) ( (

.F PL) ( (4

L) ( ) ( ) ( : L F P

F P L P

=

; + = L P24 ,0 72 ,0 74,0 55,0 35,0 ) (

= = L F P92 ,0 55,0 35,0 ) (

) ( ) ( ) ( 92 ,0

96,0L24 ,0

L F PF P

L P

; = =

G F

L SS L

35

00174

001

54

00155

001

37

001

72

001

.1

:

B A ) ( A

B PA=

:

. " " :A

. "3 " :B

) ( ) ( ) (1A3

B A PB P

A P

= =

3,2,1 =A 6,3 =B 3 =C} { } { } {

.E P

. A P0 ) ( BA B PA) ( A B

) ( ) ( ) ( : B A P

A P

.B PA=

:

= A Aj i ji

= E A A An ...... 2 1

Ai i

.2

A1

A2A3

E

.E Bn ... B2B1

:A ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2 1

2 1

2 1

...

...n

n

n B B B

B A P B A P B A P A P

B P A P B P A P B P A P

+ + + =

+ + + =

Bn B2 B1A

E

E A A An....1 2

E

.

B An ... B A2 B A1

: A

= B A B A B A An ... 2 1) ( ) ( ) (

+ + + = B A P B A P B A P A Pn ... 2 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

.

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2 12 1

...n B B Bn

+ + + = B P A P B P A P B P A P A P

. B B

.E BB

.E A

B A B A

. = A B A B A) ( ) (

) ( ) (B B

B A P + B A P =)A(P

) B (P )A( P +)B(P )A( P =

A B A B A

B B

E

2M1M: L

2M%041M %52.3M

.3M

3M %1,02M %011M %5

.

.

. (

. " " :A (

"Mi " : Ai

. " " : B . i3 1

( ) (

:

= + - = A P A P53,0 ) ( ) ( 1 ) A(P2 1 3) ( = 04 ,0 ) A(P2 = A P52 ,0 ) (1 :

= + + A P1 ) A(P ) A(P ) (3 2 1

:

50,01M

1. = B PA50,0 ) (

: 2 . = B PA100,0 ) (3 = B PA1,0 ) (

. (B B)BB

.

:

1

1 1 = B A P B A Pi iP ) (iA) ( ) ( = + B P B PA A1 ) ( ) (

: B P) ( (

) ( ) ( ) ( ) (3 2 1

100,0 53,0 1,0 4 ,0 50,0 52 ,0

58250,0

+ + = B A P B A P B A P B P + + ==

L

A1

A2

A3

B

B

B

B

B

B

52 ,0

04 ,0

53,0

50,0

1,0

100,0

....

....

....

: .VI

BA

) ( ) ( ) () ( ) (

B

B A PB P A PA P

B P

= =

B P) ( . = A P) (

. = B P B PA) ( ) ( : (A )B (B )A

.

A P0 ) ( BA : BA B P0 ) (

B P A P0 ) ( ) ( = B A P0 ) (

.E P

)B(P)A(P = )B A(P : BA

.

61

.41

: P F P1, , ,6 ,} { . 1 1 1 1 1 1 291 4 2 2 6 2

=

:

1

: .0 1

. " " :A

P

F

1

23

4

5

6

P

F

P

F

1

2

3

4

1

1 2

6

1

2

1

2

1

4

. "0 " :B

BA (1

BA (2

= E)0,0( )1,0( )0,1( )1,1(} { : (1: E

1 2) (

2 4) (3 = = A P

4 . = B P

) ( ) (3 3 18 4 2

= = B P A P

= B A)1,0()0,1(} { :

) (1 22 4

. = = B A P

. B P A P B A P) ( ) ( ) (

. BA

: (2

= E)0,0,0( )1,0,0()0,1,0( )0,0,1( )1,1,0( )1,0,1( )0,1,1()1,1,1(} {

) (3 6: 4 8

) (1 4 = = A P2 8

. = = B P

) ( ) (3 1 38 2 4

= = B p A p

. = B A)1,0,1()0,1,1( )1,1,0(} {

) (38

. = B A P

. = B P A P B A P) ( ) ( ) (

. BA

2

:

.

)A(P )B(P B A

BA

.)A(P )B( PA

M54

3,0 =)N( P 3,0 = =)N(P001 :)N( P=)N(PM

. NM

. )N(P )M(P =)N M(P

06,0 = =)M(P09051 81,0=3,0 6,0 =)N M(P .

PRNM5,02,03,009F55,051,03,006253554051

: .V

: .

A) ( ) ( ) (B A p

B p A p

A p0 ) ( =

.

. A B

BA B pA) ( .

.

:

B p A p) ( ) ( B A p) (

= B p B pA) ( ) ( : A p0 ) ( (. = A p A pB) ( ) ( : B p0 ) ( )

.

.

: .IV

.

.1

.

: .1

(

(

(

. X .2

. X (

.)X(EX (

)21=X(p)6>X(p (

.2

.

.3

61

41

.

.

.4

0 01

. 3 9

: .1

(

xi-5027

pi3,02,03,0

xi01030408001

pi5,02,051,01,0

xi6201201

pi2,04,01,01,050,0

(

. .2

(

(

.5

5 4

.

.

: " B " : " A

".

. B A p) ( B pA) ( A p) ( .6

. %06

. %03 %04

.

A p) ( " : " A". : " F

: .1

(

(

(

.A p) ( .2

.7

3 4 1 :

. 5 2

.

21 : 6

.2 1

: " U " : " A

". 21

.U p) ( U p) ( .1.A pU) ( A pU) ( .2.A pU) ( A pU) ( .3.A p) ( .4

.8

41

.

:

.3 6 .1

.2 7

.9

.

%06

(.obecalp)

. (eimcylg)

%08

. %09

. E

". : "B

.01

= B P3,0 ) ( = A P8,0 ) ( : BA . = B A P68,0 ) ( BA

.11

= B P7,0 ) ( = A P3,0 ) ( : BA . = B A P8,0 ) ( B PA) ( A PB) ( B A P) (

.

.1

. y6 1 x6 1y x) (

. 63

1 1 1 ( .1 4 2 2

=

(

.

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

= +

: (

" " A

( A

" "

" " A

3 ) ( 4

= p pA 1=)A(

. X .2

.21110198765432: X (

.)X(E X (

ix 2 3 4 5 6 7

( )ip X x =136

236

336

436

536

636

ix 8 9 10 11 12

( )ip X x =536

436

336

236

136

1 2 3 4 5 6( ) 2 3 4 5 6 7

36 36 36 36 36 365 4 3 2 1

8 9 10 11 1236 36 36 36 36

E X = + + + + + +

+ + + +

( )1( ) 2 6 12 20 30 42 40 36 30 22 1236

E X = + + + + + + + + + +

:( ) 7E X =

( p(X>6)p(X=12)

1( 12)36

p X = =

( 6)p X >( 6) ( 7) ( 8) ( 9)

( 10) ( 11) ( 12)p X p X p X p X

p X p X p X > = = + = + = +

= + = + =

6 5 4 3 2 1( 6) 7 8 9 10 11 1236 36 36 36 36 36

p X > = + + + + +

:182( 6)252

p X > =

123456

1123456224680233692584482604

.2

= pi1 pi0 m

n

i i1 =i

= m x P

2) ( V1

n

i ii

m x P V =

- =

= + + - = = X p2 ,0 )3,0 2 ,0 3,0( 1 )0 (:

= V22 = m 1

= + + + - = = X p50,0 )1,0 51,0 2 ,0 5,0( 1 )001 (:

= V017 = m 03

= + + + + - = = X p51,0 )50 ,0 1,0 1,0 4 ,0 2,0( 1 )6 (:

= V54,11 = m 5,0

.3

:

: . :

= W 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0} { 42

012345689xi

142

18

16

121

16

121

542

142

1i21

p

= V93,6 = m 71,4

.4

.1

: 01

1 ( 2

. 5

3 ( 01 3

.

.2

: 09 9 01

4 5 ( 09 2

9 .

6 7 2 3 ( 09

+

851.

6 7 2 3

. + 6 7 2 3

.5

. 4 9

.

4 ) ( : 9

. = A p

5: A

. 8

5 ) ( A8

. = B p

. = B p A p B A pA) ( ) ( ) (

5 5 4 ) ( 81 8 9

. = = B A p

.6

" : " A:

" : " F

( )

:

.

. ( .1

4 ) ( F p) ( 01

= F p

. (

A F p) (

42 6 4 ) ( ) ( ) ( F001 01 01

= = = F p A p A F p

. (

A F p) ( 21 4 3 ) ( ) ( ) (

F001 01 01= = = F p A p A F p

F

F

A

A

A

A

6

01

4

01

6

013

01

7

01

4

01

%06 %04

%04

%03

.A p) ( .2 :

+ = F A p F A p A p) ( ) ( ) (63 21 42 ) ( :

001 001 001= + = A p

.7

. 6 .1

:

1 2 ) (3 6

12 ) ( ) ( = = U p3

. = - = U p U p

.A pU) ( .2 .1 U

4 7

(. )

4 ) ( U7

. = A p

13 ) ( ) ( U U7

. = - = A p A p

.2 U .3

:

2 ) (U7

15 ) ( ) ( = A pU U7

. = - = A p A p

: A p) ( .4 + = A p U p A p U p A pU U) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

2 2 4 1 ) (7 3 7 3

+ = A p

8 ) ( 12

. = A p

.8

= S6) ( "6 " .1 .2 4) ( 33) ( 4 2) ( : = L3) ( "3 " .4 3) ( 33) ( 2 3) ( 13) ( : = = = L S33 3 6{ }) ( ) ( ) ( :

: { }) (

) (

1611 33

4 3461

p

L p = =

=

U

U

A

A

A

A

1

3

2

3

4

7

3

72

7

5

7

= = j L S2 7) ( ) ( : .2 .6 2

.

.9

: M

". "

BM

M

.B

:

= B PM9,0 ) ( = B PM8,0 ) ( = M P6,0 ) ( : = - = M P4 ,0 6,0 1 ) ( : . = - = B PM1,0 9,0 1 ) ( = - = B PM2 ,0 8,0 1 ) ( E MM

+ = M B P M B P B P) ( ) ( ) ( : + = M P B P M P B P B PM M) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( = + = B P25,0 4 ,0 1,0 6,0 8,0 ) ( :

6,0

4 ,0

M

M

B

B

B

B

8,0

9,0

10.

( ) 0,8P A = ( ) 0,3P B = ( ) 0,86P A B = . ( )P A B ( ) ( )P A P B .

( ) ( ) 0,8 0,3 0, 24P A P B = = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

0,8 0,3 0,86 0, 24

P A B P A P B P A B = + -

= + - =

( ) ( ) ( )P A B P A P B = AB .11.

( )P A B ( )BP A ( )AP B

( ) 0,3P A = ( ) 0,7P B = ( ) 0,8P A B =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0,3 0,7 0,8 0, 2

P A B P A P B P A B = + -

= + - =

( )BP A

( ) ( ) ( )0, 2 20,7 7B

P A BP A

P B

= = =

( )AP B

( ) ( ) ( )0, 2 20,3 3A

P A BP B

P A

= = =

: .IIV

.

.

(1

4,0=)B(p7,0=)A(P: BA

. = B A p2,0 ) (

: B A p) ( .1

6,0( 1,1( 9,0(

: B A p) ( .2

1,0( 2,0( 8,0(

: B A p) ( .3

3,0( 1,0( 8,0(

: B A p) ( .4

1,0( 9,0( 8,0(

(2

.

: B pA) (

21,0( 4,0( 6,0(

B

A

A

B

B

3,0

7,0

4,0

6,0

4,0

6,0B

.

. (1

. BA

= B p A P B A p) ( ) ( ) ((

= A p B pA) ( ) ((

= A p A pB) ( ) ((

= B p A P B A p) ( ) ( ) ((

- = A p B P) ( 1 ) ((

(2

.81,0B

(3

. BA

(4

: BA

= B p A p B A p) ( ) ( ) (

B

A

A

B

B

1,0

9,0

9,0

1,0

9,0

1,0B

.

(1

- + = B A p B p A p B A p) ( ) ( ) ( ) (9,0( .1

- = B A p B p B A p) ( ) ( ) (2,0( .2

- = = B A p B A p B A p) ( 1 ) () ( 1,0( .3

- = = B A p B A p B A p) ( 1 ) () ( 8,0( .4

(2

4,0(

.

.....(1

+ = A B p A B p B p) ( ) ( ) ((2

+ = A p B p A p B p) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

+ = 9,0 9,0 1,0 9,0

= + = 9,0 18,0 90,0

(3

(4

: .IIIV

( 6)

598

:

0558591

582022

082

. .1

: . A .2

" " :S " A " :E

. " A " :T

.

: ( - 012 )

T E p) (( S E p) ((

. TE ( .3

. (

: .4

T pE) ((E pS) ((

. .1

.

5,1

60,0 ) (05( .2598

; = S E p

21,0 ) (06 05( 598

T E p +

; =

5,0

5,0

) (58( .3598

= T E p

082 591) ( ) (

598 598 = T p E p

T p E p T E p) ( ) ( ) (

. TE

. (

E T E S *

E T E S*

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,0

T pE) (E pS) (: .4

) (582( S533

) (58( = E pE591

5,0+5,0= T p

. .1

050658591

582022591007

533082082598

: .2

" A " :E

" " :S

. " A " :T

- 012

S E p) ( (

" : " S E

60,0 ) (05598

; = S E p

T E p) ( (

: " T E

"

21,0 ) (06 05598

T E p +

; =

T p E p) ( ) ( T E p) ( ( .358

) (598

) ( ) (082 591 = T E p598 598

= T p E p

T p E p T E p) ( ) ( ) (

. TE

. (

E T E S *

E T E S*

T pE) (E pS) (: .4

) (582( S533

= E p

) (58(E591

= T p

.1

.

. .2

( .3

.

. = B A: BA(

) () (: .4B) (

B A pA p

B p

=