अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग ऐन...

download अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग ऐन २०४८

If you can't read please download the document

description

अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग ऐन २०४८

Transcript of अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग ऐन...

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 1

    clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*

    k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt

    @)$*.*.$.$

    ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g

    != clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g,

    @)$* @)$(.@.@.^

    @= clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g,

    @)%( @)%(.$.#)

    #= s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# @)^#.^.@*

    $= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,

    @)^^ @)^^.!).&

    @)$* ;fnsf] P]g g+= ##

    clVtof/ b'clVtof/ b'clVtof/ b'clVtof/ b'kkkkof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlwsf] of]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlwsf] of]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlwsf] of]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlwsf]

    ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g

    k|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgf M clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw

    ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],

    >L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jsf] zf;g sfnsf] aL;f}+ jif{df

    ;+;bn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .

    kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b !!!!

    k|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDes

    !=!=!=!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd clVtof/ b'kof]u

    cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* /x]sf]5 .

    -@_ of] P]g g]kfne/ nfu" x'g]5 / g]kfnaflx/ hxfF;'s} /x] a;]sf] eP klg

    ;a} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ nfu" x'g]5 .

    of] P]g ;+jt\ @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf k|z:tL / clw/fHo zAb lemlsPsf] .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 2

    -#_ of] P]g t'Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .

    @=@=@=@= kl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,

    -s_ ;+ljwfg eGgfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# ;Dg' k5{ .

    -v_ cfof]u eGgfn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!( adf]lhd ul7t clVtof/

    b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;Dg' k5{ .

    -u_ cfo'Qm eGgfn] cfof]usf] k|d'v cfo'QmnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

    -3_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm eGgfn] ;+ljwfg, cGo k|rlnt sfg'g

    jf ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z adf]lhd s'g}

    ;fj{hlgs clVtof/L k|of]u ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} st{Jo kfng ug{' kg{] jf

    bfloTj lgjf{x ug{' kg]{ kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbdf axfn /x]sf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L

    ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

    -_ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf eGgfn] b]xfosf] ;+:yf ;Dg' k5{ M

    -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf]

    sDkgL, a}+s jf ;ldlt jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd g]kfn

    ;/sf/f/f :yflkt cfof]u, ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f, lgud,

    k|lti7fg, af]8{, s]Gb|, kl/ifb\ / o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+ul7t

    ;+:yf,

    -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/f/f ;~rflnt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf

    cf+lzs cg'bfg k|fKt ljZjljBfno, dxfljBfno, ljBfno,

    cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / cGo To:t} k|fl1s jf z}lIfs ;+:yf,

    -#_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% adf]lhd ul7t :yfgLo

    lgsfo,

    -$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0f, cg'bfg jf hdfgtdf ;~rflnt

    ;+:yf, u0ftG q ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f ;+zf]lwt . u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 3

    -%_ pkv08 -!_, -@_, -#_ jf -$_ df plNnlvt ;+:yfsf] k"0f{ jf

    cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] jf lgoGq0f /x]sf] ;+:yf,

    -^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf elg tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} ;+:yf .

    -r_ cg';Gwfg clws[t eGgfn] clVtof/ b'kof]usf] cg';Gwfg / txlssft

    ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .

    -5_ cg'lrt sfo{ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] bkmf # df

    pNn]v ePadf]lhd u/]sf] s'g} sfo{ ;Dg' k5{ .

    -h_ e|i6frf/ eGgfn] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd

    ;hfo x'g] s;'/ ;Dg' k5{ .

    -_ clVtof/ b'kof]u eGgfn] v08 -5_ jf -h_ adf]lhdsf] cg'lrt sfo{

    jf e|i6frf/ ;Dg' k5{ .

    -`_ cbfnt eGgfn] bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfnt ;Dg'

    k5{ .

    -6_ clVtof/jfnf eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] ;]jfsf zt{

    ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g jf ;Df}tf jf To:t} s'g} lnvtdf Joj:yf

    ePsf] clVtof/jfnf ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm

    ug]{, cjsfz lbg] jf lghsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/

    k|fKt clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

    #=#=#=#= cg'lrt sfo{cg'lrt sfo{cg'lrt sfo{cg'lrt sfo{ M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jfxL ;fy

    b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] dlgg]5 M

    -s_ cfgf] clwsf/ leqsf] s'g} sfd ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] jf cfgf] clwsf/

    gePsf] s'g} sfd u/]sf],

    -v_ s'g} lg0f{o jf cfb]z ubf{ jfWofTds kn] ckgfpg' kg{] sfo{ljlwsf]

    kfng gu/]sf],

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 4

    -u_ cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ ;DalGwt sfg'g, lg0f{o jf cfb]z ljk/Lt cs{}

    p2]Zo jf sfo{df k|of]u u/]sf],

    -3_ cfgf] thlahL clwsf/ ablgot ;fy jf :j]R5frf/L kdf k|of]u

    u/]sf],

    -_ cGo sfof{no, clwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{df cgflwsf/ afwf pTkGg

    u/]sf] jf To:tf] sfof{no, clwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ bjfa lbO{ s'g}

    cglws[t sfo{ u/fPsf],

    -r_ cfkm"n] ug{' kg{] s'g} sfd gu/L cGo sfof{no jf cGo clwsf/L sxfF

    k7fO cfgf] pQ/bfloTj kG5fPsf], ====

    -5_ cfgf] kbsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ kfng ug{' kg{] s'g} kbLo st{Jo kfng

    gu/]sf],

    -h_ cfgf] dftxtdf /x]sf] sd{rf/L jf cfgf] k|efjdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{

    cg'lrt bafa lbO{ jf k|nf]egdf kf/L cfgf] cg's"nsf] sfd u/fPsf], jf

    -_ cfkm"nfO{ kbLo x}l;otn] k|fKt pGd'lQm, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnotsf] b'kof]u

    u/]sf] .

    kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b @@@@

    cfof]usf] clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcfof]usf] clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcfof]usf] clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcfof]usf] clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yfx

    $=$=$=$= cfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qcfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qcfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qcfof]usf] clwsf/ If]q M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn] clVtof/

    b'kof]u u/]df cfof]un] o; P]g jf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cg';Gwfg /

    txlssft ug{], d'2f rnfpg] tyf tT;DaGwL cGo sf/afxL ug]{5 .

    t/,

    -s_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@) sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds

    jfSof+zdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 5

    -v_ ;+ljwfg ;ef jf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxL

    jf lg0f{o jf To:tf] a}7sdf s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] jf u/]sf]

    s'g} sfd s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf jf dlGqkl/ifb\ jf To;sf] s'g}

    ;ldltn] ;fd'lxs kdf u/]sf] s'g} gLltut lg0f{o /

    cbfntsf] Goflos sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf cfof]un] o;

    P]g cGtu{t cg';Gwfg / txlssft tyf tT;DaGwL s'g}

    sf/afxL ug]{ 5}g .

    %=%=%=%= ========

    ^=^=^=^= ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ePsf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] sf/jfO{ ug{] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ePsf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] sf/jfO{ ug{] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ePsf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] sf/jfO{ ug{] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ePsf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] sf/jfO{ ug{]

    af/af/af/af/ ]] ]] M =========s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ePsf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un]

    cfkm" ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{' kg{] u/L cfof]udf k/]sf] ph'/Ldf sf/jfO{ ug{sf]

    nflu cj:yf cg';f/ ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf jf ;f] l;t ;DalGwt dflyNnf]

    lgsfodf k7fpg ;Sg]5 / To; ;DaGwdf ePsf] sf/jfO{ / lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L

    To:tf] lgsfon] cfof]u / ph"/jfnfnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .

    t/ cfof]un] cfjZos b]v]df To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k'gM 5fgljg u/fpg jf

    cfkm}+n] sf/jfO{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    &=&=&=&= thljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]udf cfof]un] k|Zg p7fpg gkfpthljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]udf cfof]un] k|Zg p7fpg gkfpthljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]udf cfof]un] k|Zg p7fpg gkfpthljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]udf cfof]un] k|Zg p7fpg gkfpg]g]g]g] M s'g}

    =============== sfd sf/jfO{sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} clws[tn] cfgf] thljhL clwsf/sf]

    k|of]u u/L u/]sf] sfd sf/jfO{ jf lg0f{onfO{ lnP/ cfof]un] o; P]g cGtu{t s'g}

    sf/jfO{ rnfpg] 5}g .

    t/ To:tf] thljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ ablgot;fy jf :j]R5frf/L

    lsl;daf6 k|of]u ul/Psf] b]lvPdf To; ;DaGwdf sf/jfO{ rnfpg o; bkmfdf

    n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] cfof]unfO{ afwf k'ofpg] 5}g .

    u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f ;+zf]lwt . u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f lemlsPsf] .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 6

    kl/R5]bkl/R5]bkl/R5]bkl/R5]b ####

    cg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxcg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx

    *=*=*=*= cg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL cg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL cg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL cg'lrt sfo{ ;DaGwL ph'/Lph'/Lph'/Lph'/L M -!_ ;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf

    k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s;}n] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]df hf];'s}n] klg / ;f] afx]s

    cGo ljifodf cg'lrt sfo{af6 k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ JolQmn] cfof]u ;dIf ph'/L

    lbg ;Sg]5 .

    t/, cg'lrt sfo{af6 k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ JolQmsf] d[To' e};s]sf] jf To:tf]

    JolQm zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s czQmtfn] ubf{ ph'/L lbg g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf

    lghsf] xsjfnf jf ;+/Ifsn] klg To; ;DaGwdf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s;}sf] ph'/L gk/] tfklg ;fj{hlgs lxt jf

    ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s;}n] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf

    cfof]unfO{ cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf cfof]un] o; P]g adf]lhd

    cg';Gwfg / txlssft tyf tT;DaGwL cGo sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ph'/L ubf{ ;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf

    c;/ kg]{ u/L cg'lrt sfo{ eP u/]sf]df hlxn];'s} klg ph'/L ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;f]

    afx]ssf cGo ljifodf To:tf] sfo{ eP u/]sf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq

    ph'/L ug{' kg]{5 .

    -$_ ph'/jfnfn] ph'/ ubf{ ph'/Lsf] ;dy{gdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] jf cfkm"n]

    k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|df0f ph'/L ;fy k]z ug{' kg]{5 .

    (=(=(=(= ph'/Lph'/Lph'/Lph'/Lsf] ;gfsf] ;gfsf] ;gfsf] ;gfvtvtvtvt M cg'lrt sfo{af6 k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ JolQmn] :jo+ cfof]udf

    pkl:yt e} ph'/L lbPsf]df afx]s x'nfsaf6 jf cGo s'g} k|sf/n] cfof]udf

    ph'/L k7fPsf]df To:tf] ph'/L k|fKt ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;f] ph'/L ;gfvt ug{

    cfof]un] cg'lrt sfo{af6 k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfof]udf pkl:yt x'g]

    ;"rgf k7fpg' kg{]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 7

    t/ ph'/Lsf] Joxf]/faf6} ;f] ph'/L tYodf cfwfl/t gePsf] jf c:ki6 jf

    e|dk"0f{ b]lvPdf cfof]un] To; ;DaGwdf s'g} sf/jfO{ gug{] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    To:tf] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf cfof]un] oyfzL3| cg'lrt sfo{af6 k|lts"n c;/ kg]{

    JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .

    !)=!)=!)=!)= ;DalGwt ldl;n / k|df0fsf lnvtx lsfpg;DalGwt ldl;n / k|df0fsf lnvtx lsfpg;DalGwt ldl;n / k|df0fsf lnvtx lsfpg;DalGwt ldl;n / k|df0fsf lnvtx lsfpg] M ph'/Lsf] Joxf]/f /

    tT;DaGwdf ph"/jfnfn] s'g} k|df0f k]z u/]sf] eP ;f] k|df0faf6 ph'/Ldf pNn]v

    eP adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] ;+g' kg{]

    dgfl;j sf/0f ePdf cfof]un] tT;DaGwL ldl;n jf k|df0fsf lnvtx

    ;DalGwt sfof{no, kbflwsf/L jf JolQmaf6 bflvn u/fpg ;Sg] 5 / To;

    ;DaGwdf dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg] s'g} JolQm eP cfof]un] To:tf]

    JolQml;t ;f]wk"5 ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    !!=!!=!!=!!= ljefuLo sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwljefuLo sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwljefuLo sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwljefuLo sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ cfof]un] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgaf6

    ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvPdf jf ljZjf;

    ug{'kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf cfof]un] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ lgh pk/ k/]sf]

    ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f pNn]v u/L ;f] ;DaGwdf :ki6Ls/0f k]z

    ug{ dgfl;a Dofb tf]sL ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lb+bf ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm

    pk/ k/]sf] ph'/L / ;f] ;DaGwdf ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f / lgh

    pk/sf] cf/f]k s'g s'g s'/f / sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 / ;f] cf/f]k 7xl/Pdf s] s:tf]

    ljefuLo sf/afxL jf ;hfo x'g] xf] ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

    !@=!@=!@=!@= ljefuLo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgljefuLo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgljefuLo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgljefuLo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpg] ] ] ] M -!_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]

    JolQmn] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] Dofbleq :ki6Ls/0f k]z gu/]df jf lghn]

    k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f cfof]unfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gnfu]df cfof]un] lghnfO{ ;r]t

    u/fpg jf s;'/sf] dfqf cg';f/ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug{

    clVtof/jfnfnfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 8

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt clVtof/jfnfn] pko'Qm

    ;hfo k|:tfj u/L tLg dlxgfleq k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL u/L

    ;f]sf] hfgsf/L cfof]unfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . s;}sf] ph'/L k/L sf/afxL k|f/De ul/Psf]

    /x]5 eg] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ph'/jfnf ;d]tnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

    -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]vL k7fPsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt clVtof/jfnfn]

    dgfl;a sf/0f k/]df afx]s ljefuLo sf/afxL gu/]df lghn] o; P]g adf]lhdsf]

    cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] dfgL cfof]un] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    !@s=!@s=!@s=!@s=cGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgcGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgcGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpgcGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpg] ] ] ] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]

    JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/L === === ===, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{

    xflg, gf]S;fgL k'ofPsf]df To:tf] xflg gf]S;fgL ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 el/e/fp

    ug{ jf cfof]un] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt

    lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg]5 .

    !@v=!@v=!@v=!@v=b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfb]z lbgb'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfb]z lbgb'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfb]z lbgb'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfb]z lbg] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf]

    cg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGg b'ikl/0ffd k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd ;Rofpgsf nflu

    cfof]un] ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

    t/ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ k|rlnt

    sfg'gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg nfUg] /x]5 eg] cfof]un] To:tf] lg0f{o k|efljt x'g] u/L

    n]vL k7fpg] 5}g .

    !@u=!@u=!@u=!@u= cfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kgcfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kgcfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kgcfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ ]{ ]{ ]{ M bkmf !@s= jf !@v= adf]lhd n]vL cfPsf]df

    ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] To;/L n]vL cfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq n]vL

    cfP adf]lhd sf/afxL u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L cfof]unfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 9

    kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b $$$$

    e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxe|i6frf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxe|i6frf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfxe|i6frf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx

    !#=!#=!#=!#= e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL ph'/Lph'/Lph'/Lph'/L M -!_ e|i6frf/sf] ;DaGwdf s;}sf] ph'/L jf s'g}

    ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df cfof]un] o; P]g adf]lhd

    cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ug{ jf cGo sf/jfO{ rnfpg ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ bkmf @( df n]lvP b]lv afx]s e|i6frf/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] sfo{ ePsf]

    kfFr jif{leq cfof]un] sf/jfO{ grnfPdf ;f] cjlwkl5 To; ;DaGwdf o; P]g

    cGtu{t s'g} sf/jfO{ rnfOg] 5}g .

    t/ ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf]

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf u/L e|i6frf/ u/]sf]df s'g} xbDofb nfUg]

    5}g .

    !$=!$=!$=!$= e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL k|f/lDes 5fglage|i6frf/ ;DaGwL k|f/lDes 5fglage|i6frf/ ;DaGwL k|f/lDes 5fglage|i6frf/ ;DaGwL k|f/lDes 5fglag M -!_ s'g} ph'/L jf k|ltj]bg k/L jf cGo

    s'g} >f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L k|fKt e} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn]

    e|i6frf/sf] ck/fw u/]sf] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug{' kg{] dgfl;j sf/0f ePdf cfof]un]

    To;sf] k|f/lDes 5fglag uf]Ko kdf ug{]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd e|i6frf/sf] ck/fwsf] k|f/lDes 5fglag ubf{

    cfof]un] o; P]g cGtu{t cg';Gwfg / txsLsftsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]unfO{ k|fKt

    clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    !%=!%=!%=!%= hfgsf/L hfgsf/L hfgsf/L hfgsf/L tYok"0f{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt JolQm;tYok"0f{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt JolQm;tYok"0f{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt JolQm;tYok"0f{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt JolQm;u :ki6Ls/0f dfUgu :ki6Ls/0f dfUgu :ki6Ls/0f dfUgu :ki6Ls/0f dfUg] M bkmf !$

    sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd e|i6frf/sf] s'g} ck/fwsf] k|f/lDes 5fglag ubf{

    ph'/L k|ltj]bg jf cfof]unfO{ k|fKt hfgsf/L tYok"0f{ b]lvPdf cfof]un] cf/f]ksf]

    ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v u/L To:tf] ck/fw ug{] JolQm / ;f] ck/fwdf d'l5Psf

    cGo JolQmx;Fu :ki6Ls/0f dfUg ;Sg]5 .

    !^=!^=!^=!^= cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVgcleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVgcleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVgcleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg ] M -!_ cfof]un] e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf sf/afxL rnfPsf]

    s'g} JolQmn] s'g} k|df0f nf]k jf gfz ug{ ;Sg] jf cfof]usf] sf/afxLdf afwf

    Jojwfg jf k|lts"n k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] kof{Kt sf/0f ljBdfg ePdf cfof]un]

    lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd y'g'jf k"hL{ lbO{ y'gfdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 10

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /flvPsf] JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf rf}aL;

    306fleq txlssft k"/f gx'g] eO{ lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL txlssft hf/L /fVg' kg]{

    b]lvPdf cfof]un] lghnfO{ cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ cbfntaf6 cg'dlt

    lnP/ dfq y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f] adf]lhd cbfnt;+u cg'dlt dfUbf y'gfdf

    k/]sf] JolQm pk/sf] cleof]u, To;sf] cfwf/, lghnfO{ y'gfd} /fvL txlssft

    ug{' kg]{ sf/0f / lghsf] aofg sfuh eO{;s]sf] eP aofg sfuhsf] a]xf]/f

    :ki6 kdf pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .

    -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dltsf] nflu cbfntdf pkl:yt

    u/fOPsf] JolQmn] To;/L cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbf cfgf] zf/Ll/s hfFrsf] nflu

    cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

    -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt dfu]df cbfntn] ;DalGwt

    sfuhftx x]/L txlssft ;Gtf]ifhgs kdf eP jf gePsf] ljrf/ u/L

    ;Gtf]ifhgs kdf txlssft e}/x]sf] b]lvPdf Ps k6sdf Ps dlxgfdf ga9\g]

    u/L a9Ldf 5 dlxgf;Dd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .

    -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] Dofb yk dfu ubf{ y'gfdf /x]sf]

    JolQmn] rfx]df cfkm" y'gfdf /xg' gkg]{ sf/0f / cfwf/ vf]nL ;DalGwt cbfnt

    ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

    !&=!&=!&=!&= :jtM lgnDag x'g:jtM lgnDag x'g:jtM lgnDag x'g:jtM lgnDag x'g] ] ] ] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]un] bkmf

    !^ jf bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fv]sf]df To;/L y'gfdf /fv]sf]

    cjlwe/ / bkmf !* adf]lhd d'2f rn]sf]df ;f] d'2fsf] lsgf/f geP;Ddsf]

    cjlwe/ To:tf] JolQm cfgf] kbaf6 :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5 . To;/L

    lgnDagdf /x]sf] JolQmn] s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf jf g]kfn

    ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] k|fKt C0f jf cg'bfg /sddf Jooef/ kg]{ kbdf s'g}

    klg lsl;dn] lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

    !*=!*=!*=!*= d'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpg] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm pk/ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]ksf]

    ;DaGwdf o; P]g adf]lhd rn]sf] sf/jfO{ / To; ;DaGwdff ePsf] cg';Gwfg

    / txsLsftaf6 lghn] ;f] ck/fw u/]sf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug{' kg{] dgfl;j

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 11

    sf/0f ePdf cfof]un] To; ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd d'2f rnfpg

    cg';Gwfg clws[t jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

    kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b kl/R5]b %%%%

    cg';Gwfg tyf txsLsftcg';Gwfg tyf txsLsftcg';Gwfg tyf txsLsftcg';Gwfg tyf txsLsft

    !(=!(=!(=!(= cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ;DaGwL cfof]usf] clwsf/cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ;DaGwL cfof]usf] clwsf/cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ;DaGwL cfof]usf] clwsf/cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ;DaGwL cfof]usf] clwsf/ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd

    cfof]un] clVtof/ b'kof]usf] cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ubf{ b]xfosf clwsf/ k|of]u

    ug{ ;Sg]5 M

    -s_ s'g} sfof{no jf s'g} JolQmsf] ;fydf /x]sf] ;Da4 ldl;n

    jf k|df0fsf] lnvt jf cGo s'g} s'/f cfof]udf k7fpg jf

    lglZrt ;doleq cfof]udf k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg], jf

    -v_ clVtof/ b'kof]usf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] JolQm jf ;Da4

    tYoxsf] hfgsf/L ePsf] eGg] cfof]un] ;D]sf] JolQmnfO{

    cfof]udf pkl:yt u/fO{ lghnfO{ ;f]wk"5 ug{] / lghsf]

    aofg lng] jf cfjZostf cg';f/ lghsf] gfpFdf aGb

    ;jfn hf/L ug{] .

    -u_ cfof]udf pkl:yt x'g] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]kl5 cfof]un] tf]s]sf]

    Dofbleq cfof]udf pkl:yt gx'g] JolQm hxfF;'s} /x] a;]sf]

    eP tfklg lghnfO{ kqmfp u/L cfof]udf pkl:yt u/fpg

    k|x/LnfO{ cfb]z lbg] .

    -@_ clVtof/ b'kof]usf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfof]un] :ki6Ls/0f jf

    aofg lnO;s]kl5 vf]h]sf] avt xflh/ x'g] sfuh u/fO{ 5f8\g jf tfl/vdf /fVg

    ;Sg]5 .

    -#_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf sf/jfO{ rnfOPsf] JolQm kbdf axfn /lx/xFbf

    cfgf] lj4sf] k|df0f nf]k jf gfz ug{ ;Sg] jf cg';Gwfg / txsLsftdf afwf

    Jojwfg k'ofpg ;Sg] dgfl;j sf/0f ePdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ kbaf6 lgnDag ug{

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 12

    cfof]un] cj:yfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ n]vL

    k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

    -$_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf sf/jfO{ rnfOPsf] JolQm km/f/ e} a]kQf x'g

    ;Qm5 elg ;Dg' kg{] s'g} dgfl;j sf/0f ePdf jf lauf] xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf]

    b]lvPdf cfof]un] lgh;u k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd w/f}6L jf h]yf hdfgt dfUg /

    To:tf] w/f}6L jf hdfgt glbPdf lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .

    -%_ cfof]un] s'g} lnvt jf cGo s'g} j:t' k]z ug{ jf s'g} s'/fsf]

    hfgsf/L lbg s'g} sfof{no jf s'g} JolQmnfO{ n]vL k7fPsf] jf s'g} JolQmnfO{

    cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt x'g cfb]z lbPsf]df,

    -s_ ;f] adf]lhd dgfl;a ;doleq ;f] sfof{non] To:tf] lnvt

    jf j:t' k]z gu/]df jf hfgsf/L glbPdf cfof]un]

    ;DalGwt sfof{nosf k|d'v kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo

    sf/jfO{ rnfpg ;DalGwt dGqL jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{

    lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

    -v_ ;f] adf]lhd dgfl;a ;doleq To:tf] JolQmn] lnvt jf

    j:t' k]z gu/]df jf hfgsf/L glbPdf jf To:tf] JolQm

    cfof]udf pkl:yt gePdf lghnfO{ cfof]un] Ps xhf/

    k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfO{ jf hl/jfgf ePkl5 klg s'g}

    sfof{no jf JolQmn] cfof]usf] cfb]zsf] kfngf gu/]df ;f] sfof{nosf] k|d'v

    kbflwsf/L jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L pkl:yt u/fpg cfof]un] kqmfp k"hL{

    hf/L u/L lghaf6 To:tf] lnvt jf j:t' k]z ug{ u/fpg jf cfjZos hfgsf/L

    lng ;Sg]5 . To;/L kqmfp ePsf] kbflwsf/L jf JolQmn] To:tf] lnvt jf j:t'

    k]z gu/]df jf hfgsf/L glbPdf lghnfO{ cfof]un] a9Ldf ;ft lbg;Dd y'gfdf

    /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

    -&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cfof]un] ljefuLo sf/jfO{ ug{ lgb{]zg lbPsf] jf

    hl/jfgf ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'v kbflwsf/L jf ;DalGwt

    JolQmn] cfof]usf] cfb]z kfng ug{ g;s]sf] dgfl;a sf/0f pNn]v u/L To:tf]

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 13

    sf/jfO{ jf hl/jfgf x'g' gkg{] elg lgj]bg lbPdf sf/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPdf

    cfof]un] pQm lgb{]zg jf hl/jfgfsf] cfb]z /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -*_ cfjZostfcg';f/ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd s'g} 7fpFsf] tnf;L lng] jf

    lng nufpg] / To;/L tnf;L lnFbf cfjZos b]lvPsf] s'g} j:t', sfuh jf ldl;n

    cfgf] sAhfdf lng jf To:tf] sfuh jf ldl;nsf] k|ltlnlk ptfg{] cfof]unfO{

    clwsf/ x'g]5 .

    -(_ o; P]gadf]lhd sf/jfO{ rnfpg cfof]unfO{ clwsf/ gePsf]

    cj:yfdf afx]s cfof]u ;dIf rn]sf] sf/jfO{df uf]Kotfsf] cfwf/df s'g} hfgsf/L

    k|s6 ug{af6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] 5'6 kfpg] 5}g .

    -!)_ clVtof/ b'kof]u ;DaGwL cg';Gwfgsf] sf/jfO{ ug{] s'g} klg

    lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] clVtof/ b'kof]usf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] JolQmn] u/] la/fPsf]

    ;fdfGo k|df0f ge} ;fj{hlgs k|rf/df cfpg] u/L v'nf sf/jfO{ gu/L uf]Ko /fVg'

    kg{]5 .

    -!!_ clVtof/ b'kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf

    axfn /x]sf] JolQm jf ;+;bsf] ;b:o pk/ s;}sf] ph'/L k/]df To:tf] ph'/Lsf]

    ;DaGwdf cfof]un] uf]Ko tl/sfaf6 5fglag ug{' kg{]5 . To;/L 5fglag ubf{

    ph'/Ldf n]lvPsf s'/fx k|dfl0ft x'g] cfwf/ b]lvg cfPdf To:tf] ph'/Lsf]

    ;DaGwdf o; P]gadf]lhd sf/jfO{ rnfO{ cfof]un] /fhg}lts lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf

    axfn /x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ / ;+;bsf] ;b:osf] xsdf ;DalGwt

    ;efsf ;efd'v jf cWoIfnfO{ 5fglagsf] ljj/0f ;lxt ;"rgf ug{' kg{]5 .

    -!@_ o; P]gadf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ub}{ hfFbf ;lnt k|df0fsf

    cfwf/df cf/f]k k|dfl0ft x'g g;Sg] ePdf cfof]un] tT;DaGwL ph'/LnfO{ sf/0f

    ;lxtsf] krf{ v8f u/L tfd]nLdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .

    t/ kl5 s'g} gofF k|df0f km]nf k/]df To:tf] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf k'gM

    cg';Gwfg / txlssftsf] sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg o; bkmfn] s'g} afwf k'ofPsf]

    dflgg] 5}g .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 14

    -!#_ pkbkmf -!@_ adf]lhd ph'/L tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o ePsf]df To;sf]

    ;"rgf ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm / ph'/jfnfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

    -!$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg e|i6frf/sf

    ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg / txlssft ub}{ hfFbf cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvPdf cg'lrt

    sfo{df / cg'lrt sfo{sf ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg / txlssft ub}{ hfFbf e|i6frf/

    u/]sf] b]lvPdf e|i6frf/df sf/afxL ul/g]5 .

    -!%_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] cg';Gwfgsf] sfd sf/afxLdf ;xof]u ug]{

    cleo'QmnfO{ cfof]un] cfgf] ;fIfLsf] kdf k|:t't u/L lghnfO{ ;hfosf] dfu

    bfaLdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .

    t/ lghn] u/]sf] ;xof]u cGo ;a'b jf k|df0faf6 k|dfl0ft gePdf jf

    lghn] ;DalGwt cbfnt ;dIf cfof]udf u/]sf] ;xof]u k|lts"n x'g] u/L aofg

    lbPdf o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgh pk/ k'gM

    d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    @)=@)=@)=@)= cg';Gwfg clws[t lgcg';Gwfg clws[t lgcg';Gwfg clws[t lgcg';Gwfg clws[t lgo'Qm ugo'Qm ugo'Qm ugo'Qm ug{]{] {]{] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{ jf

    e|i6frf/sf] ck/fwsf] k|f/lDes 5fglag jf cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ug{ cfof]un]

    cfjZostfg';f/ s'g} cfo'Qm jf cfof]usf] s'g} sd{rf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg clws[t lgo'Qm ug{ jf tf]Sg

    ;Sg]5 .

    t/ cfof]un] s'g} ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg

    clws[t lgo'Qm ug{' kbf{ jf tf]Sg' kbf{ cj:yfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf sfof{nosf] k|d'v kbflwsf/L;Fu k/fdz{ u/]/ lgo'Qm ug{'

    jf tf]Sg' kg{]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 15

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfof]uaf6 lgo'Qm ePsf] jf tf]lsPsf]

    cg';Gwfg clws[tn] o; P]g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txsLsftsf] ;DaGwdf

    cfof]unfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    kl/R5]bkl/R5]bkl/R5]bkl/R5]b^

    ljljwljljwljljwljljw

    @!=@!=@!=@!= ;]jf lng ;Sg;]jf lng ;Sg;]jf lng ;Sg;]jf lng ;Sg ]] ]] M -!_ cfof]un] of] P]g / cGo k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cg';Gwfg

    / txlssft tyf tT;DaGwL cGo sf/afxL ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt

    ljifosf] ljz]if1 jf ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfosf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{ cfof]un] ;DalGwt ljz]if1 jf

    ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfonfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{5 / To;/L lgo'lQm ubf{ cfof]un] To:tf] ljz]if1

    jf ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfon] ug{' kg]{ sfd, k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, kfng ug{' kg]{

    zt{, sfo{ljlw / To:tf] ljz]if1 jf ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfon] kfpg] kfl/>lds tyf

    cGo ;'ljwf ;d]t pNn]v u/L ;Df}tf ug{'kg]{5 .

    -#_ cfof]unfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfosf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf

    cfjZos k/]df k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cfof]uaf6 dfu

    ePsf] ;dofjlw;Dd sfhdf v6fpg' kg]{5 .

    @!s= @!s= @!s= @!s= sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfyfyfyf M cfof]usf] sfo{ ;+rfngsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t

    b/aGbL cg';f/sf] sd{rf/Lxsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .

    @@@@@@@@==== k|d'v cfo'Qmn] sfdk|d'v cfo'Qmn] sfdk|d'v cfo'Qmn] sfdk|d'v cfo'Qmn] sfd tf]Sgtf]Sgtf]Sgtf]Sg]] ]] M cfof]udf k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] cltl/Qm cGo

    cfo'Qmx klg lgo'Qm ePsf]df sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 ug{] / k|To]s cfo'Qmn] ug{]

    sfd tf]Sg] clwsf/ k|d'v cfo'QmnfO{ x'g]5 .

    @#=@#=@#=@#= ;"rgfsf] uf]Kot;"rgfsf] uf]Kot;"rgfsf] uf]Kot;"rgfsf] uf]Kotf f f f M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd clVtof/sf] b'kof]usf] cg';Gwfg /

    txsLsftsf] l;nl;nfdf cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L / cfof]un]

    a']sf] jf ;+sng u/]sf] k|df0fx hg;fwf/0f jf k|rf/ k|;f/sf dfWodnfO{ k|s6

    ug{ x'b}g . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 16

    t/ clVtof/sf] b'kof]usf] cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ug{ jf tT;DaGwL

    k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ jf sf/jfO{ rnfpg cfjZos ePsf] ;"rgf jf ljj/0f k|sflzt

    ug{ cfof]unfO{ afwf kg{] 5}g .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cfof]un] pko'Qm

    ;D ]sf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] s'g} s'/fsf] 5fgljg, cg';Gwfg / txsLsft v'nf

    kdf klg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    @#s=@#s=@#s=@#s=ljj/0f lng jf sf/f]af/ /f]ljj/0f lng jf sf/f]af/ /f]ljj/0f lng jf sf/f]af/ /f]ljj/0f lng jf sf/f]af/ /f]Ssf /fVg ;lsgSsf /fVg ;lsgSsf /fVg ;lsgSsf /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s}

    s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg e|i6frf/sf] s;'/df cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf s'g} JolQmsf]

    :jb]z jf ljb]zdf /x]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf sf/f]af/ ePsf] jf vftf

    ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L s'g} ;|f]taf6 v'Ng cfPdf cfof]un] To:tf] sf/f]af/ jf

    vftf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . cfof]usf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;DalGwt a}+s ljQLo

    ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ jf vftf /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 .

    t/, ljb]zl:yt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu To:tf] sf/f]af/ jf vftf /f]Ssf

    /fVg k/]df cfof]un] s"6g}lts dfWod dfkm{t sf/f]af/ jf vftf ;+rfng /f]Ssf

    /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sf/f]af/ jf vftf /f]Ssf g/fVg] g]kfnl:yt

    ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|d'vnfO{ cfof]un] krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd

    hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -#_ cfof]un] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cfjZos 7fg]df ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f

    u/]sf] JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f dfu ug{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg ;Sg]5 .

    @#v=@#v=@#v=@#v= /fxbfgL hf/L gug{ jf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg/fxbfgL hf/L gug{ jf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg/fxbfgL hf/L gug{ jf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg/fxbfgL hf/L gug{ jf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]]]] M k|rlnt sfg'gdf

    h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s;'/sf] ufDeLo{tf, cleo'Qmn] s;'/ u/]sf]

    cj:yf, l:ylt / s;'/sf] dfqf / s;'/ 7x/]df x'g ;Sg] ;hfosf] cfwf/df

    cfof]un] s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ /fxbfgL hf/L gug{ jf hf/L eO;s]sf] eP ;f]

    /fxbfgL /f]Ssf /fVg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 17

    @#u=@#u=@#u=@#u= :yfg 5f]8:yfg 5f]8:yfg 5f]8:yfg 5f]8\\ \\g aGb]h ug{ ;Sgg aGb]h ug{ ;Sgg aGb]h ug{ ;Sgg aGb]h ug{ ;Sg] ] ] ] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQm pk/

    o; P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL rnfPsf]df To:tf] JolQmn] u/]sf] s;'/sf] ufDeLo{tf,

    s;'/ ubf{sf] kl/l:ylt jf cj:yf / s;'/ 7x/]df x'g] ;hfosf] dfqf x]/L s'g}

    cleo'QmnfO{ cfof]usf] :jLs[lt lagf s'g} :yfg 5f]8\g gkfpg] u/L jf s'g}

    :yfgdf hfg gkfpg] u/L cfof]un] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    @$=@$=@$=@$= afwf lj/f]w ug{]nfO{ ;hfo x'gafwf lj/f]w ug{]nfO{ ;hfo x'gafwf lj/f]w ug{]nfO{ ;hfo x'gafwf lj/f]w ug{]nfO{ ;hfo x'g ] M o; P]g cGtu{tsf] cg';Gwfg / txsLsft

    ;DaGwL sfd sf/jfO{df s;}n] afwf lj/f]w u/]df lghnfO{ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf]

    cfwf/df ;DalGwt cbfntn] kfr xhf/ k}of;Dd h/Lafgf jf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b

    jf b'a} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    @$s=@$s=@$s=@$s= Dofb tfd]n ;Dofb tfd]n ;Dofb tfd]n ;Dofb tfd]n ;DaGwL Joj:yfDaGwL Joj:yfDaGwL Joj:yfDaGwL Joj:yf M-!_ k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP

    tfklg o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;'/df ljb]zL JolQmsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n ug{' kbf{

    To:tf] JolQmsf] g]kfnleq s'g} lsl;dsf] sfof{no jf k|ltlglw eP To:tf] sfof{no

    jf k|ltlglwsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n ul/g]5 / To;/L tfd]n ePsf] Dofb /Ltk"j{s

    tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{no jf k|ltlglw gePdf To:tf] JolQmsf]

    sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo :yfg jf lghn] :yfoL a;f]af; ug]{ 7]ufgf jf sf/f]af/ ubf{sf]

    avt kqfrf/sf] nflu lghn] lbPsf] s'g} 7]ufgf /x]5 eg] To:tf] 7]ufgfdf 6]n]S;,

    6]lnofS; jf clen]v x'g ;Sg] b"/;~rf/sf cGo dfWod dfkm{t jf /lhi6/L u/L

    x'nfs dfkm{t Dofb tfd]n ul/g]5 / To;/L tfd]n ePsf] Dofb /Ltk"j{s tfd]n

    ePsf] dflgg]5 .

    -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zdf /x]

    a;]sf] JolQmsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn kIf ePsf] s'g}

    ;lGwdf 5'} Joj:yf ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f]xL adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ug{ o; bkmfn] afwf

    k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 18

    @$v=@$v=@$v=@$v= ;"rgf k|sfzg ug;"rgf k|sfzg ug;"rgf k|sfzg ug;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ M o; P]g jf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf]

    gfddf ;"rgf k7fpFbf jf Dofb tfd]n ubf{ To:tf] JolQmsf] 7]ufgf kQf gnfuL

    jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] To:tf] ;"rgf a'fpg g;lsPsf] jf Dofb tfd]n x'g

    g;s]sf] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg kg{ cfPdf k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]

    ePtfklg To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tL; lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbO{ cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg

    ePsf] jf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ eO;s]sf] eP ;f] ljifosf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v

    u/L pkl:yt x'g /fli6o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf -ljb]zLsf] xsdf c+u|]hL b}lgsdf_

    sDtLdf b'O{k6s ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g]5 / To;/L ;"rgf k|sfzg

    ePsf]df o; P]g jf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg

    To:tf] JolQmnfO{ /Ltk"j{s ;"rgf lbOPsf] jf Dofb tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .

    @$u=@$u=@$u=@$u= 'f ph'/ ug]{nfO{ ;hfo'f ph'/ ug]{nfO{ ;hfo'f ph'/ ug]{nfO{ ;hfo'f ph'/ ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M s;}n] ph'/L lbg] dgfl;a sf/0f geO{ s;}nfO{

    s'g} lsl;dsf] xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] jf b'Mv lbg] lgotn] s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb

    wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm jf s'g} /fi6;]js jf JolQm pk/ 'f ph'/ lbPsf] 7x/]df

    lghnfO{ cfof]un] kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    @%=@%=@%=@%= cfof]u, cfo'Qm jf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf lj4 d'2f grNgcfof]u, cfo'Qm jf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf lj4 d'2f grNgcfof]u, cfo'Qm jf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf lj4 d'2f grNgcfof]u, cfo'Qm jf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf lj4 d'2f grNg]]]] M cfof]un] jf

    cfof]usf] s'g} cfo'Qm jf sd{rf/Ln] jf cfof]uf/f v6fOPsf] jf clwsf/

    k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L jf sfof{non] o; P]g cGtu{t c;n lgotn]

    u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/jfO{sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf d'2f rnfOg] 5}g .

    @^=@^=@^=@^= cfof]un] cGo sfof{no jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]cfof]un] cGo sfof{no jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]cfof]un] cGo sfof{no jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]cfof]un] cGo sfof{no jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg] M -!_ clVtof/

    b'kof]usf] cg';Gwfg / txsLsftsf] lgldQ cfof]un] k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no,

    /fli6o cg';Gwfg ljefu jf To; cGtu{tsf sfof{no nufot g]kfn ;/sf/sf]

    s'g} ljefu, sfof{no jf s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u lng / To:tf] ljefu,

    sfof{no jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ cfof]un] cg';Gwfg / txsLsft ug{ nfu]sf] clVtof/sf] b'kof]usf]

    k|s[ltaf6 s'g} ljefu, sfof{no jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf sfo{/t s'g} ljz]if1;Fu

    k/fdz{ ug{' kg{] jf To:tf] ljz]if1nfO{ ;d]t cg';Gwfg / txsLsftdf ;+nUg

    u/fpg' kg{] b]lvPdf cfof]un] lghnfO{ s]xL cjlwsf] nflu cfof]udf sfhdf

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 19

    k7fO{ lbg ;DalGwt ljefu, sfof{no jf ;fj{hlgs ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf;u dfu

    ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -#_ cfof]un] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} ljefu, sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs

    ;+:yf jf ToxfF sfo{/t s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u dfu]sf]df cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u lbg'

    To:tf] ljefu, sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf jf sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

    @&=@&=@&=@&= ======= ============ ========

    @*=@*=@*=@*= cfof]un] ;'fj lbg ;Sgcfof]un] ;'fj lbg ;Sgcfof]un] ;'fj lbg ;Sgcfof]un] ;'fj lbg ;Sg] M -!_ cfof]un] cfgf] sfd sf/jfO{sf] l;nl;nfdf

    hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] tYoxsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt sfof{no, kbflwsf/L jf

    ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd s'g} ;'fj lbg ;Sg]5 M

    -s_ s'g} sfg'g, lg0f{o, cfb]z jf sf/jfO{ cJojxfl/s,

    cjf~5gLo jf c;+ut ePsf]n] To;df ;+zf]wg x'g' kb{5

    eGg] cfof]unfO{ nfu]df sf/0f ;lxt ;+zf]wgsf] ;'fj lbg],

    -v_ s'g} ljifodf cfof]un] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf s'g} ;fj{hlgs

    ;+:yfaf6 jf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g}

    sfof{no jf kbflwsf/Laf6 ;ts{tf ckgfpg' kg{] jf s'g}

    sbd p7fpg' kg]{ b]v]df s] s:tf ;ts{tf ckgfpg jf

    sbd p7fpg pko'Qm x'G5 elg ;'fj lbg], jf

    -u_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} kl/kf6L jf

    sfo{k|0ffnL q'l6k"0f{ 5 eGg] cfof]unfO{ nfu]df To;nfO{

    ;Rofpg / To;af6 pTkGg ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ sf/0f

    / cfwf/ ;lxtsf] ;'fj lbg] .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lbPsf] ;'fjsf] ljj/0f cfof]un] === === ===

    jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf klg ;dfj]z ug{'k5{ .

    @(=@(=@(=@(= cjsfz k|fKt JolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg ;lsgcjsfz k|fKt JolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg ;lsgcjsfz k|fKt JolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg ;lsgcjsfz k|fKt JolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg ;lsg ] M -!_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f

    u/]sf] JolQmn] kbdf axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf u/]sf] clVtof/ b'kof]usf ;DaGwdf

    klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h . u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 20

    To:tf] JolQmn] cfgf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]kl5 klg lgh pk/ sf/jfxL ug{ jf

    d'2f rnfpg o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] cfof]unfO{ afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg]

    5}g .

    -@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f

    u/]sf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] lgh To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt clVtof/ b'kof]u

    u/]sf] /x]5 / ;f] ;DaGwdf o; P]gadf]lhd tTsfn sf/afxL x'g ;Sg] /x]g5 eg]

    lghn] h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]kl5 lgh pk/ o;

    P]gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ jf d'2f rnfpg afwf kg]{ 5}g .

    @(s=@(s=@(s=@(s=d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf gkgd'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf gkgd'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf gkgd'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf gkg]{ M k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f

    n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2f bfo/ x'g' cufj} jf bfo/ ePkl5

    s'g} cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] d[To' ePdf klg To:tf] cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL pk/

    d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .

    @(v=@(v=@(v=@(v=;DklQ hkmt x'g;DklQ hkmt x'g;DklQ hkmt x'g;DklQ hkmt x'g] ] ] ] M ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] of] P]g jf cGo k|rlnt

    sfg'gadf]lhd e|i6frf/ u/L cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQ / ;]faf6 a9] a9fPsf] cGo

    ;DklQ ;d]t cfgf] jf c? s;}sf] gfddf /fv]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] ;DklQ

    hkmt x'g]5 .

    t/, To:tf] ;DklQsf] xs c? s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;s]sf] / To;/L

    x:tfGt/0f ubf{ y}nL sfod ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] /sd skfnL ;/x x'g]5 .

    @(u=@(u=@(u=@(u= ljb]zL JolQmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg]ljb]zL JolQmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg]ljb]zL JolQmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg]ljb]zL JolQmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg] M -!_ cfof]un] lbPsf] ;"rgf

    jf bkmf @$s= adf]lhd tfd]n ePsf] Dofb adf]lhd cfof]udf pkl:yt gx'g]

    s'g} ljb]zL JolQmsf] g]kfnleq s'g} ;DklQ, xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ /x]5 eg]

    To:tf] JolQm cfof]udf pkl:yt geP;Dd To:tf] ;DklQ, xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/

    cfof]un] tf]s] adf]lhd oyfl:yltdf /fVg jf g]kfnaflx/ n}hfg gkfpg] u/L

    cfof]un] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cfb]zsf] kfngf ug{' ;DalGwt ;a}sf]

    st{Jo x'g]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 21

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z kfng gug]{ JolQmnfO{ cfof]un] Ps

    nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cfb]z kfng gu/]sf] sf/0faf6

    g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] xflg, gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5

    eg] ;f] ;d]t lghaf6 e/fOg]5 .

    #)=#)=#)=#)= cGo JolQm pk/ klg sf/jfxL u/L d'2f rnfpg ;SgcGo JolQm pk/ klg sf/jfxL u/L d'2f rnfpg ;SgcGo JolQm pk/ klg sf/jfxL u/L d'2f rnfpg ;SgcGo JolQm pk/ klg sf/jfxL u/L d'2f rnfpg ;Sg] M -!_ k|rlnt

    sfg'gadf]lhd /fi6;]js dflgg] JolQm jf cGo JolQmn] e|i6frf/sf] s;'/ u/]df

    cfof]un] o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{, d'2f

    rnfpg tyf tT;DaGwL cGo sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhdsf] cGo

    /fi6;]jsn] e|i6frf/ u/]sf] s;'/df o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd

    cg';Gwfg / txlssft ubf{ ;f] s;'/df ;+nUg b]lvPsf] cGo JolQm pk/ ;d]t

    cfof]un] cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{, d'2f rnfpg tyf tT;DaGwL cGo

    sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    #!=#!=#!=#!= e|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf Pp6} lgsfoaf6 sf/jfO{ rnfOge|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf Pp6} lgsfoaf6 sf/jfO{ rnfOge|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf Pp6} lgsfoaf6 sf/jfO{ rnfOge|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf Pp6} lgsfoaf6 sf/jfO{ rnfOg]M]M]M]M e|i6frf/sf]

    cleof]usf] Pp6} d'2fdf s'g} cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]udf / s'g} cleo'Qmsf]

    ;DaGwdf cGo s'g} lgsfodf sf/jfO{ rn]sf]df To:tf] cleof]usf] ;DaGwdf

    Pp6} lgsfoaf6 sf/jfO{ rnfpgsf] nflu cfof]un] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    #!s=#!s=#!s=#!s=;DklQ ljj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf;DklQ ljj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf;DklQ ljj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf;DklQ ljj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] To:tf]

    kb wf/0f u/]sf] ldltn] / of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn

    /x]sf] JolQmn] of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq / To;kl5 x/]s

    cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/sf]

    gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] ;|f]t jf lg:;f ;lxtsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f g]kfn

    ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf

    k]z ug{' kg]{5 .

    -@ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f7L lbgleq ;DklQ ljj/0f k]z gug]{

    ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfof]un] kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF hl/jfgf ug]{5

    / csf]{ tL; lbgleq ;DklQ ljj/0f k]z ug{ nufpg]5 . ;f] Dofbleq klg

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 22

    ;DklQ ljj/0f ga'fpg] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/sf] JolQm pk/ lghn] cfgf]

    jf cfgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf cj}w ;DklQ /fv]sf] cg'dfg u/L pkbkmf -!_

    adf]lhdsf] lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] 5fglag ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f uf]Ko /flvg]5 .

    t/ o; P]g cGtu{t cg';Gwfg / txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf ;DklQ

    ljj/0f dfu x'g cfPdf To:tf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fpg

    ;lsg]5 .

    #!v=#!v=#!v=#!v= dfnj:t' lnnfd ug{ ;lsg]dfnj:t' lnnfd ug{ ;lsg]dfnj:t' lnnfd ug{ ;lsg]dfnj:t' lnnfd ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] s;'/sf

    ;DaGwdf sAhf ul/Psf] s'g} dfnj:t' nfdf] ;do;Dd sAhfdf /fVbf lvof

    nfuL jf c? s'g} kl/aGbaf6 6'6km'6 jf gf]S;fg x'g ;Sg] b]lvPdf jf ;8L unL

    hfg] ePdf jf k'/fgf] e} d"No 36\g hfg] ePdf jf a]jfl/;] ePdf jf :yfg

    cefjsf] sf/0fn] ;Def/ ug{ g;Sg] jf /fVg g;lsg] ePdf k|rlnt

    sfg'gadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L To:tf] dfnj:t' lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|fKt cfDbfgL w/f}6L vftfdf

    hDdf ul/g]5 . To:tf] dfnj:t' ;DalGwt wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] 7x/ ePdf lnnfd

    laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd dfq lghn] lkmtf{ kfpg]5 .

    #@=#@=#@=#@= cfof]un] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg] M cfof]un] cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+

    Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    ##=##=##=##= === === ===

    #$=#$=#$=#$= d'2f x]g{] clwsf/Ld'2f x]g{] clwsf/Ld'2f x]g{] clwsf/Ld'2f x]g{] clwsf/L M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t bfo/ x'g] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/ g]kfn

    ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cbfntn] o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2fsf]

    sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ljz]if cbfnt ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhdsf]

    sfo{ljlw / clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 23

    -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o pk/ ;jf]{Rr

    cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .

    -$_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf o; P]g cGtu{t rn]sf] d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/

    jfbL x'g]5 .

    #%=#%=#%=#%= d'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpgd'2f rnfpg] M -!_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm jf k|rlnt sfg'g

    adf]lhdsf] /fi6;]js jf cGo JolQmn] o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd

    e|i6frf/ dflgg] s;'/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfPdf cfof]un] To:tf] JolQm pk/ o; P]g

    jf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd d'2f bfo/, k'g/fj]bg jf k'g/fjnf]sg / ;f]

    ;DaGwL cGo sf/afxL ug{' kbf{ cfof]usf] gfdaf6 cfof]u cfkm}+n] jf cfof]un]

    clVtof/L lbPsf] clwsf/Ln] ug]{5 .

    -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf] d'2fsf] ax;, k}/jL tyf k|lt/Iff

    ;/sf/L jsLn jf cfof]un] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no;+u ;dGjo u/L lgo'Qm

    u/]sf] sfg'g Joj;foLaf6 x'g]5 .

    #%s=#%s=#%s=#%s=k'/:sf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfk'/:sf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfk'/:sf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfk'/:sf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o; P]g cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] s;'/df tT;DaGwL

    df}sf txlssft, cg';Gwfg jf cGo ;a'b k|df0f ;ngsf] sfddf cfof]unfO{

    ;xof]u k'ofpg] JolQmnfO{ cfof]un] plrt k'/:sf/ lbg ;Sg]5 .

    #%v=#%v=#%v=#%v=cfof]un] cGo sfd ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] cGo sfd ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] cGo sfd ug{ ;Sgcfof]un] cGo sfd ug{ ;Sg ]] ]] M -!_ cfof]un] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f jf lgoGq0f

    ug]{ p2]Zon] v8f ePsf /fli6o jf cGt/f{li6o ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf;+u cfjZos

    ;dGjo sfod ug{ jf To:tf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf;+u cfk;L ;DaGw / ;xof]u j[l4

    ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    -@_ e|i6frf/ jf cg'lrt sfo{ x'g glbgsf nflu lg/f]wfTds pkfoxsf]

    vf]hL, cg';Gwfg / k|lqmof ljsf; tyf tT;DaGwdf hfgsf/L clej[l4 ug{

    cfof]un] cfjZos 7fg]sf clVtof/ b'kof]u lgjf/0fsf] k|j4{gfTds sfo{x

    ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .

  • www.lawcommission.gov.np

    www.lawcommission.gov.np 24

    #%u=#%u=#%u=#%u=k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsgk'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsgk'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsgk'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] ] ] ] M cfof]un] o; P]g cGtu{t sf/afxL u/L s;}nfO{

    hl/jfgf jf s'g} /sd c;'npk/ ug{ lbPsf] cfb]z jf cGo s'g} cf]bz pk/

    ;DalGwt cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    #%3=#%3=#%3=#%3=k|rlnt k|rlnt k|rlnt k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhdsfg'gadf]lhdsfg'gadf]lhdsfg'gadf]lhd x'gx'gx'gx'g ] M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf o;} P]g adf]lhd /

    cGo s'/fdf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd x'g]5 .

    #^=#^=#^=#^= === === ====== === ====== === ====== === ===

    #&=#&=#&=#&= lgod agfpglgod agfpglgod agfpglgod agfpg] M of] P]g sfof{Gjog ug{ cfof]un] lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf]

    lgod g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5 .

    #*=#*=#*=#*= vf/]hLvf/]hLvf/]hLvf/]hL M clVtof/ b'kof]u lgjf/0f lgodfjnL, @)#$ vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

    bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f lemlsPsf] . b|i6Job|i6Job|i6Job|i6Jo M clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%( f/f kfGtl/t zAbxM d"n P]gdf 7fpF 7fpFdf k|of]u ePsf] ;+:yf eGg] zAbsf] ;f ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf eGg] zAbx / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

    eGg] zAbxsf] ;f ;DalGwt cbfnt eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/ ul/Psf] 5 .