IWoBA VIII (2012) ( , , . I) ()

. . ( ) , . ( ) . , 1. : () , .

/ . . -, , , [Elk, Hbsch-mannov, ebkov 1999] [Valtonen 1972]. , . , , . [Sampson 1926] ( ) [Mnus 1997]. - , : - [Paspati 1870], [ 2007], [, 1990; Tcherenkov 1999; Boretzky 1994; Lee 2005], [ 2003; 2009]. : . . en dn dno tat tat tatto kn kan kn gd gd gd fro fros fros krl krl rel (.)

1 , -.

294 . IWoBA VIII

: , 2. , . , - , . *den, *fros, *gad, *kerl .3 ( ) - -, . , -. , -, : (, -, ) - ( ), . *en [-] < . *janaka-, () ( ) , . *fros < . . , ( . ). . . -. - , . - 4.

2 [. Mat ras 2002: 34]. , . 3 [. Bore tzky, Ig la 1994: 370], , ( ) [L inde l , Thorb jrnsson-Djer f 2008]. , . . 4 . , -. [Bore tzky 1994], , [Gjerdman, L jungberg 1963], [Lee 2005, 2010, 2011] . . ( ). .

295

. . . . . . :

. m m thn than.5 bal. ba. . om.s om.n than.s than.n- ba.s ba.n

:

. b ib. br bar. ba. ba. . ib.- ib.n- bar.- bar.n- ba. ba.n-

:

(.) (.) . pp.o pp.ura cyncr.i cyncr.a . pap.s pap.n cyncar.s cyncar.n

:

(.) (.) . vrb.a vrb.i ang.i ang.a . vorb.- vorb.n- anga.- ang.n-

(-k/-g, -sa/-g, -tar/-dar, -te/-de, -k.o/-g.o), , , .:

om.s-k ( ) vorb.-k.o, . ( .) vas.n-dar ( )

, .: : kal., . ka., . ka.

: ukr , goav r

: : zeno , xor iko skrto , vuro

5 . - - [ 2012].

296 . IWoBA VIII

( ) - :

so , . so s svo, . [] krkoo phrdo ( , )

( ): . . . .

: 1. phen.v phen.s phen..m phen..m 2. phen.s phen.n phen..n phen..n 3. phen.l phen.n phen..(s) phen..

6: 1. hram..v hram..s hram.o.sar..m hram.o.sar..m 2. hram..s hram..n hram.o.sar..n hram.o.sar..n 3. hram..l hram..n hram.o.sar..(s) hram.o.sar..

, -, . - , . bararl, . barar(s) ( bar ); darav l, . dara(s) ( darl ). , -d-: 1. vzd.av vzd.as vaz.m vaz.m 2. vz.es vz.en vaz.n vaz.n 3. vz.el vz.en vaz.(s) vaz.in

: prstav, prses , g ilbav, g ilbes ( g ilabv, g ilabs ). : prastajm, g ilabam, 6 .

297

. / : 1. baxt.v.av baxt.v.as baxt.j.em baxt.j.am 2. baxt.v.es baxt.v.en baxt.j.an baxt.j.an 3. baxt.v.el baxt.v.en baxt.jl.o (.) baxt.j.e 1. dar..v dar..s dar.j.em dar.j.am 2. dar..s dar..n dar.j.an dar.j.an 3. dar..l dar..n dar.jl.o (.) dar.j.e

: 1. pa..v pa..s pa.a.j.m pa.a.j.m 2. pa..s pa..n pa.a.j.n pa.a.j.n 3. pa..l pa..n pa.a.j.(s) pa.a.j.

-, -, -, . krd. (krl), in. (l), makhl. (makhl). : ph rd.o ( phrdo gli ; . pherl ). () . , : (. kal ) 1. ka.uv.v ka.uv.s kal.i.m kal.i.m 2. ka.s ka.n kal.i.n kal.i.n 3. ka.l ka.n kal.il. kal.il.

: 1. phab.uv.v phab.uv.s phab.u.m phab.u.m 2. phab.s phab.n phab.u.n phab.u.n 3. phab.l phab.n phab.ul. phab.u.

: tasl, tasul ; phal, phaul ; syl, sytil , (. -ul- . -il-).

298 . IWoBA VIII

, : (. krd ) 1. kr.uv.av kr.uv.as kr..i.em kr..i.am 2. kr.os kr.on kr..i.an kr..i.an 3. kr.ol kr.on kr..il.o kr..i.e

, :

ikhl [ikhl] ol, ilo makhl [makhl] mol, milo pekl pek p ol, p ilo phagl phag phol, philo

, , :

phen l : vzel bar l : krol bar il (.) : krilo paaj(s) : darja(s) baxtvel : darav l

? ( phenl : vzel), . : phenl < bhanati (. [bhnati] ) vzel = vst + dl 7 , . 8. - [Boretzky, Igla 1994: 371]. :

7 . 8 e, . . phnel < . [bandhati]. , . . pandla.

299

. . . . vzel lzdel(a) ha(z)dl blel bldel(a) khnel kndel(a) khandl knel kandl trel trdl rel rdela(a) rodl (, , .) - ( ). : . hde ~ . ~ . , -kir- (< *ker- ): rkir ~ rker ~ () .9 - , , . kn den . (), , - : . n phen! !, n kr! -!, : kr! ! ( ukr; . aukrl ).10 , , . -, . . vzel vaz(s)? l ( 3..), . . in 11:

. . . . 1.. m dinim

300 . IWoBA VIII

, . vazm < *vaz-din.iom ( ). - . , . .: kver : kolav r, . < *k-()ur < *kl-ur . ka , . kol; av r (. .) s-jek : sa-da-jk 12 = s + jk(h) = s + . de + jk(h) 1 -duj , -tr in -e 10

: i-eft 7, i-oxt 8 . e-u-dj 12

= i * + dj . khn ik : khan iks, . < ? + *ni + *k (. ka?) < ? + *ni + *kas khni : khans-, . < ? + *ni + i ? , . 13, - , . khni ( -n-), khaniks ( -ni-), . , - . , , - :

* > , , :

* >

, . 12 . totdeauna , , . ( ) sadana [Miklos ich II: 45]. 13 . . [brkara-], *bakkaraka > *bkaraua > bakr .

301

vzel, vaz < *vaz-dini, :

prsel < *pr-stl < + *sthti ( 14)

g ilbel < *gil-bl < *gt- ( ?) + *uahati (?)

(. g i < gtik, . [gti-] ) :

vze , prse , g ilbe solaxl < *sovl-a ( ?) + xl j. (. , . . sovel . ) , , . : 1.. g ilabv, 3.. g ilabl. :

mothl < *mui-thoul . mj, . *mujs- y, , thl < *thoul , , , 15. (bar l : krol; paaj(s) : darja(s); baxtvel : darav l) . pal , prasl . l ( -n-), - : prasaj(s) < *prasan-i-s (s) < *din-i-s darav l, . dara(s) ; bar arl, . bar ar(s) . , , 14 . > . a; . a > . e, 1. . -mi, 3. . -ati ( -ti). 15 -: . de-u-dj 12, trvare 40 < *tr-vr-d ( ?).

302 . IWoBA VIII

(. -ar-, -av-), -, 16. *ouel , - , , , - av l ( ; ). *ouel - . krol < *kerd-i-ouel . , , . krilo, , < .-. -illa [Bubenk 2000: 214; Matras 2002: 141]. , , , . . phabl, . phabul , - < *ul-o (?). krilo *-i + *-ul-o > *-iul-o- > *-iil-o ( -). , , ul - ( , ). . -: .3..; .. . ( , ). : . . . . . mrol mrilo mrie

mrghi|ol, -ovel mrghi(ni)lo mrghi(ni)le

. . . . . astrol astrilo astrie

astrghiol astrghi(ni)lo astrghi(ni)le

, - . , 16 : . .

303

, : , . - : (. bar ) . . . . . bar l bar il bar i

bri|ol, -ovel bri(ni)lo bri(ni)le

brjl brij brn

: brijndija, brijndne ( ). - (), . - (. .): . . . . . bar bar n

*briov *bri|on, -oven

brj(v) brjn

( .). 17:

, , , 18

, , .: (. barval ) . . . . . barvv|ol, -el barvjlo barvj

baravli|ol, -ovelbaravli(ni)lo baravli(ni)l

barval barvlija barvlne

-: . barvlija, barvlne, . barva(n)dija, barva(n)dne. 17 : , . 18 . . [ , - 1990]: , ; , ; , , ; , ; , . , .

304 . IWoBA VIII

(= ) -(l)-. . . ( ). , -v- ( avel?) -l-; : -al . -an, . purvol ( purvel) puran (. . [ . ]). barvjlo *barvjilo < *barvnilo, *barvalilo (. purjlo < *purnilo). ( < -aya-?), - *ulo.19 , . . -n- -l- ( ): (. ) . . . . . langl langjlo langj

asl asnilo asnil

langl lang(n)dija lang(n)dne

: , . , -, -. : (. ) . . . . . prasl prasaj(s) prasaj

prasl prasanis prasanis

prasl prasand prasandl

[-] [-]

: , . . , . mrghio(ve)l, . mrgh(in)ilo; brio(ve)l, . bri(ni)lo, ( , - -in-). : Pour former le v[erbe] pass[if], uvva ne sunit quaux part[icipes] des verbes Laccent du part[icipe] est con- 19 , , -illa.

305

stamment transport de la dernire la pnultime. Cette rgle na point dexceptions, et luniformit de cette transportation, est remarquable dans la bouche de gens si ignorants [Paspati 1870: 109]20. , . mrol, . mrilo, , . bar l, . bar il, . - : , . , , . . . ( ) ( ). - . - -in- ( , ). -, . , -, , (. mard ) -ino 3. - : e-marin , e-ikhin (. . ). ( ) -n- (*langanilo, *daranilo, *barvanilo), mrdilo < *mard-in-ilo, . - in ( ), . blol < *bldiiouel < *bol-din-i-ouel, blilo < *bol-din-ilo. , , . , :

*-in- *-in- *-in- *-in- *br-i-oul ? *br-i-ul ? *baru.l-i-oul *baru.l-i-ul *kr.d-i-oul *kr.d-in-i-oul *krd-i-ul *krd-in-i-ul *bl-dn-i-oul *bl-dn-i-ul *ast.r.d-i-oul *ast.r.d-in-i-oul *ast.r.d-i-ul *ast.r.d-in-i-ul *lang..l *lang.n(d)-i-ul *dkh(l)-i-oul *dkh(l)-in-i-oul *dkh(l)-i-ul *dikh(l)-n-i-ul 20 , . : On doit se mfier des rgles dans une langue aussi pauvre que la Tch[inghiane] et se rappeler des variations de la langue parle par des gens ignorants et illettrs [Paspa t i 1870:95].

306 . IWoBA VIII

*-in- (), *-in- (), : . , *-in- bri(ni)lo. , :

, , ( -d-!)

: *ker-d-n-i- > *kr-d-ii-; *dikh(l)-n-i- > dkhii- (. krla krla ). 21:

* > * : *br-i-u > *br-i-ou (.) * > * : *kl-i-oul > *kal-i-oul * > * : *baru.l-i-ul > *baru.l-i-ulo

(. *ker-d-n-i-oul > *kr-d-i-ouel)

, -o < *-au < *-aka, , (. . nasl , ivn(d) , ivand). -, *kerd-n(d) *kerdin , 22. , -. , + . 23 . : when the possessive pronoun (or adjective) is used attribu-tively it takes the penultimate stress (mrro) and when used predicatively takes the stress on the last or ultimate vowel (murro). But there is no iron- 21 . mothl ( ). 22 . [Bubenk , Hbschmannov 1998: 35]. 23 , ( ) , . ( ) .

307

bound rule for this kodo a demonstrative adjective used attributively has stress on the last vowel. [Lee 2005: 27]24. - [Lee 2010; Lee 2011] ( , - , amaro = amar):

Godo si amaro. That is ours Savo si tiro? Which one is yours? Wo si amro Rrm o baro. He is our important Rom Kodo mobli si murro. That car is mine Wo si o Rrm o barvalo. He is the Rom, the rich one

Kodo mobli si murro. That car is mine Tro mobli si avri. Your car is outside. Amre bre Rrm aven. Our important men are attending Mrro dad avel. My father is coming Wo si o brvalo Rrom. He is the rich Rom

, , amar : amro, barval : brvalo , . , , , . , :

1) kod (god, kad ), **kdo .; shukr beauti-ful, gogyavr intelligent ;

2) zleno green, xolyriko angry, skrto short;

3) : bar : bro big, barval : brvalo rich, baxtal : bxtalo lucky (. bxtalo-biyero amulet);

4) : amar : amro ; tumar : tumro ( ).

24 : Romani is an oral, non-literary language and native speakers follow a rhythmic pattern common in folk tales and rhetorical Romani used in the Kris-Romani (Assembley [sic!] of Elders) which is almost impossible to define by textbook rules devised for literary languages. - , .

308 . IWoBA VIII

: , . (. love = lov):

baro bro-ges feast day bro-kar erect penis bro-muj loudmouth bri-yag big bonfire

bar-gazho big man, boss bar-shoro ostentatious lout bar-papin swan bare love big monies

kalo kli baxt tragic fate klo kher cursed house klo tryo miserable life

kal-yakhngo dark-eyed kal-kanrro blackthorn kali gili tragic song

pherdo phrdo shon full moon

pherdo pornsa stuffed with feathers.

pherdo : O kmpo si phrdo shobolnya. The (refugee) camp is infested

with rats. pshka nai pherdi. (.) The gun is not loaded. Pherdo love si. Hes loaded with money.

-. , , bar-shoro ( bare love). , , . bro-shto big shot, , . bar-barr boulder, bar-drom highway, kali-yakh black eye ( -), kli daimnta hematite black diamond . ( ), :

srro all ( . ., ) savorro, savorre each male, everybody (

; ) klkorro/krrkorro alone; self ( )

309

. - ( ) [Miklosich V], . :

krkoro, korkor selbst, alein saor, sar, sro, sor aller, ganz pherd, phrdo voll

() - , - 25. , . ( ). ( ) 26 -, . - [Sampson 1926: 2327]:

pur pr mr the old man pur gyas mr the man grew old

pagerd pgerd kor the broken cup kor si pagerd the cup is broken

trn trn av the young children trn s av the children are young

kokor kkor drom the only road rn kokor It is the lady herself

vavr ak vvr o! m pl te l vavr Here is the other shoe! I will return to fetch its fellow

25 ( ); (, , ). , , ( , ). 26 , .

310 . IWoBA VIII

(. ): devlkan divine, b-btal unlucky, prikan old-fashioned, .:

purikan i-l she is an old-fashioned (child) , . zelan (*zlan?): kekr ala zelan it never grows green :

akava, okova, odova

odva dives k kva dives from that day to this sr lol sr kov as red as that

mr my, tr thy -, mr our , - amr, tumr your (!). , , . - . , , *(k)a-da-ua (. kadav, kad), *(k)a-ka-ua (. kakav, kak) , *(k)o-do-ua (. kodov, kod), *(k)o-ko-ua (. kukov, kuk) , , - **kdo, **gdo . . - -, , - [Boretzky 1994: 54]. *-aua > -o ( ), , *-ua > -o, . : xvas > xs ; xva > x , avv ; ( **ov) [ : -, 2009: 330, 333]. - ( ) *ua > -, :

kakav < *kakau, . . akav kak < *kakua, . . akva

amaro tumaro . ( ) pherdo,

311

vdra ph rdo pj j , ph rdo m ( ). - so , svo , krkoo 27. . , . , -, , , , . : , . bro-shoro (= bar or), bro-ges (= bro s). , -. , : (1) - ( ), (2) ( - ) , ? :

(1) *barval m > *barvalo m ( *barioul) > brvalo m28 *bar er ( ) > bar er29

(2) *brvalo m ( ) > brvalo m *bro er () > bar er

27 ( - ) - (. .-. ), - , , . kkor drom the only road. savo/savo, : sar, -, - . kr[r]korro ; plpale , . ple ( . , . , *pal ). 28 ( - ). 29 , bar-ero ( ). , ( ). - ( ).

312 . IWoBA VIII

amro ( **maro), (k)akva ( **(k)kava) ukr ( **kar, ). - , - , . . zeno, **zen. - -. . zelan, zelan - : - . 30 - .31 , , , - . ( ) ( )32 : . + , - (. ) (I ., ., . ; II ; III ):

I II III

, . . , , .:

30 . , kva : kov [Mat ras 2002: 64]. . 31 . . nneteen nineten . . 32 . .

313

. . . sav svo , kasav osav, akysav ,

*svo, - *svo > sav ( ), kasav. ( ) - ( ), . . , ( . as < *(u)-dius, ). ( ) . - , - , , , - , , - .

e , - . - . , - ( ) : , . -: - . - : (. .. ) , ( ). -. , . , - - : , -, , - . , . , , - . - , . . , , , , , -

314 . IWoBA VIII

. , - . , , - - .

, 1938: - / . . ,

.. . , 1938. Bore tzky 1994: Romani: Grammatik des Kaldera-Dialekts mit Texten und Glossar /

Norbert Borezky. Berlin, 1994. Bubenk , Hbschmannov 1998: Deriving Inchoatives and Mediopassies in Slovak

and Hungarian Romani / Vt Bubenk & Milena Hbschmannov Grazer Linguistische Studien 50 (Herbst 1998).

Bubenk 2000: Was Proto-Romani an ergative language? / Vt Bubenk Viktor Elik & Yaron Matras (eds.), Grammatical Relations in Romani. The Noun Phrase. CILT 211, 205227.

Bore tzky 1995: Die Entwicklung der Kopula im Romani / Norbert Borezky Grazer Linguistische Studien 45 (Frhjahr 1995).

Bore tzky, Ig l a 1994: Wrterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch fr den sdosteuro-pischen Raum / Norbert Boretzky & Birgit Igla.Wiesbaden, 1994.

, 1990: - - (- ) / . . , . . , . . -. , 1990.

E l k , Hbschmannov, ebkov 1999: The Southern Central (ahi-imperfect) Romani dialects of Slovakia and northern Hungary / E lk, Viktor, Milena Hbschmannov & Hana ebkov Dieter Halwachs & Florian Menz (Hrsg.), Das sterreichische Romani im europischen Kontext. Klagenfurt, 1999.

Gjerdman, L jungberg 1963: The language of the Swedish coppersmith gipsy Johan Dimitri Taikon; grammar, texts, vocabulary and English word-index / by Olof Gjerdman and Erik Ljungberg. Uppsala, 1963.

Lee 2005: Learn Romani Das-Dma Rromanes / Ronald Lee. Toronto, 2005. Lee 2010: Rromano Alavari: Karlderashitska-Inglezitska. Kalderash-English Dictionary /

Ronald Lee. Toronto, 2010. Lee 2011: Rromano Alavari: Inglezitska-Karlderashitska. English-Kalderash Dictionary /

Ronald Lee. Toronto, 2011. L inde l , Thorb jrnsson-Djer f 2008: Ordbok ver svensk romani. Resandefolkets

sprk och snger / Lenny Lindell, Kenth Thorbjrnsson-Djerf, Gerd Carling. Stockholm, 2008.

Mnus 1997: ignulatvieuangu etimoloisk vrdnca un latvieu-ignu vrd-nca / Leksa Mnu, Jnis Neilands, Krlis Rudevis. Rga, 1997.

Miklos ich IV: ber die Mundarten und Wanderungen der Zigeuner Europas / Franz Xaver Ritter von Miklosich, 12 Tle. Wien, 187280.

Matras 2004: Romani. A linguistic introduction / Yaron Matras. Cambridge, 2002. 2012: / . .

. 8. , 2012, . 93100. Paspa t i 1870: tudes sur les Tchinghians; ou, Bohmiens de l'Empire ottoman /

Alexandre Paspati. Constantinople, 1870. Sampson 1926: The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales / John Sampson. Oxford, 1926.

315

- , 2009: ( ) / . . -, .. - . . , 2009 ( - ).

2007: ( : -) / . . . , 2007.

Tcherenkov 1999: Eine kurzgefasste Grammatik des Russischen Kaldera-Dialekts des Romani / Lev N. Tcherenkov Grazer Linguistische Studien 51 (Frjahr 1999). Graz, 1999.

2003: / . . . , 2003. oropov 2009: Crimean Roma. Language and Folklore / V. G. Toropov. Ivanovo, 2009. Val tonen 1972: Suomen murtalaiskielen etymologinen sanakirja.Tietolipas 69 / Pertti

Valtonen. Helsinki, 1972. , , (): neoakut@gmail.com : http://www.ffli.ru.