موارد ابن اياس

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ﹼﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠ٦ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ، ٢ ، ٢٠١٢ - ٩٤ - © ٢٠١٢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ/ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ. ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﲨﻴﻊ. ﺍﻟﺯﻫﻭﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻋﻥ) ٩٢٢ ﻫـ- ٩٢٣ ﻫـ/ ١٥١٦ - ١٥١٧ ( ﺍﻟﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺸﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ* ﻠﺨ ـ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﻭﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ، ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ. ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺒﺫﺍ، ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ، ﺫﻟﻙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ، ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ، ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ: ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ، ﻓﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻟﻸﺤﺩﺍﺙ، ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ، ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﺃﻫل ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ. ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ: ﺇﻴﺎﺱ، ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ، ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ، ﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎﻟﻴﻙ،. ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻬﻤ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ، ﺼﺩﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ، ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ، ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ، ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ، ﻟﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ، ﻟﺤﺩﺙ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ. ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ، ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ٩٢٢ - ٩٢٣ ﻫـ/ ١٥١٦ - ١٥١٧ ﻭﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺒﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﻼﺩ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻗﻼﺌل ﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻤ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ، ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻘﻬﺎ- ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺠﺭﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ- ﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ، ﻭﻜﺘﺒﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﺼﺭﻭﺍ ﻗﻴ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻬﺎ. ﻭﻤﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﺩ ﻟﺫﺍ،. ﺃﻭﻻ- ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ: ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ ﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭﻱ ﺇﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ، ﺃﺒﻭ ﻭﻟﺩ* ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ٢٣ / ١١ / ٢٠١١ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺒﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ، ١٠ / ٥ / ٢٠١٢ .

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Transcript of موارد ابن اياس

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    The Sources of Ibn Iyas in his Book BadaI al-Zuhur about the

    Ottoman-Mamluk Conflict (1517-1516AD/923-922 AH)

    Shadia Hasan Al-Adwan*

    ABSTRACT

    This paper investigates the study of documenting history by studying the resources of Ibn Iyas, a contemporary historian, in his book Badai al-Zuhur about the Ottoman- Mamluk conflict. An attempt is made to identify and assess the value of the sources he relied on in studying this conflict and his methodology in choosing his sources. It appears that his sources are divided into four groups: 1. Official reports issued by the Mamluk state 2. Reports written by the people who were involved in the conflict 3. Oral narratives presented by the people involved in the conflict 4. The observation of Ibin Iaas of the events, the oral narratives circulated by the people in Cairo and the poems that depicted the events.

    KEYWORDS: Documenting history, resources, Ibin Iyas, Mamelukes and Ottomans.

    * Amman College, Al-Balqa Applied University. Received on 23/11/2011 and accepted for publication on 10/5/2012.