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(hardware).

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.

.

.

.

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,

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13 (. 4.9).

3)BITS ,BYTES , ASCII:

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1, 0.

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1 0. 1 0

(data bits). bit binary digit ( ).

) .

8 .

8 (byte).

,

"00000000",

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)

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.

.

(American Standard Code for Information Interchange: ASCII).

To "" 65

65,

1000001.

"" 1000010, 66

ASCII ..

ASCII

...

3 00110011 051 3

B 01000010 066

t 01110100 116 t

01111111 127

4) :

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RAM(Random Access Memory)

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1. (.

.

2. .

3. .

ROM:

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3.

4. (MB-GB)

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1. .

2. RAM .

3. .

5) ,:

:

UNIX

MAC OS

MICROSOFT WINDOWS

MS DOS

:

(Avast,Avira,Norton)

(Word,Excel,Powerpoint)

(CAD,CAM)

.

6

1) :

.

, .

.

.

,

(analog signals).

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,

(/ ).

/ (. 6.1).

.

( )

2) :

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. ,

.

(modem) .

,

, '

(interface).

.

[local area networks (LANs)].

.

.

.

.

3) :

:

(,Internet)

(Word,Excel,FAX)

( CAD/CAM ,BARCODE)

16

1) :

:

(transmitter) .

() (transmission channel) .

(receiver) .

2) :

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( . )

3) (SOS):

:

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.

.

.

.

.

:

.(,)

.

.

,

.

4) :

5) AM/FM:

,

(modulation).

:

AM (Amplitude Modulation= ).

FM (Frequency Modulation = ).

17

1):

) :

/.

.

.

/ .

Web-banking

2) :

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.

(diaphragm).

.

.

. , .

.

3) : , . . . ' . Laser ( Laser 10).

4): (multiplexing) .

.

(FDM), . . .

(TDM). . (bites) .