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11. 02. 2003.

: 262. 12(497.11) 13 : 801. 313

1903-1908. *

1903. -

. - - , -. . , , , , , - . - -, , -, , . XX . . , , . , - Times 1911. ,

* , (1804-1918). (. . 1435).

222

, , . , , 1910. , , - .1

- , - . , - , - .2 " - ", "- ".3 - .4 , - , - .5 . " ", " ".6

. - 1870. , - . - . , - , . - , , , . - 1 J. D. Bourchier, Macedonia, The Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. XVIII, (1911), 216-217. 2 M. Gleni, Balkan 1804-1999, I, Beograd 2001, 165. 3 S. Markovich, British Perceptions of Serbia and the Balkans 1903-1906, Paris 2001, 44. 4 M. S. Anderson, The Eastern Question 1774-1923. A Study in International relations, London 1966, 268. 5 . , , , 1993, 237. 6 F. Schevill, The Balkan Peninsula and the Near East, London 1922, 431-432.

...

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, .7 -- 1903. 67 3537 , 568 , - .

, 1896, - . 1897. - . 1897. , . -- - , -. .

, . . - . 1893. , , . - - . . , 1894. , -, , - . - .

, , - Macedonia. It'Races and their Future. , , , . -

7 . , , XIX XX , ", , , 1997, 377.

224

. , - , -, . . , - .8 , . , . - , - . . - . - , . . 1903. . - .9 XX - . , 1890. 1920. -.10 .11 -

8 H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia, Its Races and their Future, London 1906, (= Brailsford, Macedonia), 121. 9 Ibid, 142. 10 J. Zametica, The Macedonian Question among British Contemporaries: Serbophiles and Bulgarophiles (1897-1920), : " - (1878-1923). , , 2001, 321-339. 11 - 1903 1914. -: G. F. Abbot, Macedonia and its Revolutionary Committees, London 1903, 414-429.; Idem, The Tale of a Tour in Macedonia, London 1903, 45-282.; Idem, Turkey in Transition, London 1909, 77-199.; K. Blind, Macedonia and Englands Policy, London 1903, 741-755.; J. Booth, Trouble in the Balkan, London 1905, 1-117, 118-280.; H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia: Its Races and their Future, London 1906.; L. Buxton, The Black Sheep of the Balkans, London 1920, 94-181.; N. Buxton, Future of Macedonia,

...

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London, s.a.; N. Buxton and C. R. Buxton, The War and the Balkans, London 1915.; C. T. P. Conwell-Evans, Foreign Policy from a Back Bench 1904-1918, London 1932, 1-14.; Further Correspondences respecting the Affairs of South Eastern Europe, Turkey, N3, 1903, 1-96, vol. LXXXVII, London 1903.; G. P. Gooch, and H. Temperley, Bri-tish Documents on the Origin of the War, 1894-1914, vol. V, The Near East. The Mace-donian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-1908, London 1928.; D. O. Good-man, The Emergence of the Macedonian Problem and Relations between the Balkan States and the Great Powers 1897-1903, London 1955.; J. Grant and H. Temperley, Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 1789-1950, London 1971, 359-380.; R. Graves, Storm Centres of the Near East: Personal Memories, 1879-1929, London 1933, 209-251.; E. C. Helmereich, The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, Cambridge 1938.; E. Hosch, The Balkans: A Short History from Greek Times to the Present Day, London 1972, 16-142.; D. M. Mason, Macedonian and Great Britain Re-sponsibility, London 1903.; G. Monger, The End of Isolation: British Foreign Policy 1900-1907, London 1963. 87-158.; F. Moore, The Balkan Trail, London 1906, 252-280.; D. M. Perry, The Politics of Terror. The Macedonian Revolutionary Movements 1893-1903, London 1988.; C. Price, The Balkan Cockpit, London n.d.; R. Rankin, The Inner History of the Balkan War, London 1914.; R. A. Reiss, The Comitadji Question in Southern Serbia, London 1924.; The Macedonian Crisis. Balkan Committee, London 1903.; The Parliamentary Debates (Fourth Series). Volume CXXVIII. 1903.; H. Vivi-an, The Servian Tragedy with Some Impressions of Macedonia, London 1904, 252-285.; A. Upward, The East End of Europe, London 1908, 1-49.; L. Villari, The Balkan Que-stion, London 1905.; S. Watson, The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans, London 1917, 142-284.; R. Wyon, The Balkans from Within; London 1904, 1-200. 12 H. Vivian, The Servian Tragedy with Some Impressions of Macedonia, London 1904, 278-283.

226

, . . . . - .

- -. . , . " - . - , ."13

1905. - . , Pictures from the Balkans . . .14 - . - - , , , . , . -. - . - . 1904. , The Balkans from within. . "- -

13 Ibid, 253-263. 14 J. F. Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, London 1912, 3.

...

227

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1903/1904. - Graphic 1905. Trouble in the Balkans, . , - . . 15 , -. 16 -

15 Ibid, 169. 16 (Henry Noel Brailsford) 25. 1873. . . - (1883-1884) (1885-1890). - . , 1897. Scots Pictorial. . , The Broom of the War God (1898). , - , Manchester Guardian, , -. 1899. Morning Leader. - Daily News. The Star i The Nation. , 1907. - . - : Adventures in Prose (1911), Shelley, Godwin and his Circle (1913), War of Steel and Gold, Origins of the Great War (1914), Belgium and the Scrap of Paper (1915). , A Leage of Nations (1917), - , -. 1918. - , . - : Across the Blocade (1919) After the Peace (1920). - . . , The Russian Workers Republic (1921) How the Soviets Work (1927). New Leader, . - . 1926. . 1932.

228

. , , (), . , - , -.17 , - . - . - , - .18

. , , . : " - . . -. . , , . . , . , - . The Reynolds News, The New Statesman - Tribune. Rebel India (1931) Property or Peace (1934), . New Statesman BBC , Subject India (1943) Our Settlement with Germany (1944). . : (The Macedonian Revolt, Fort-nightly Review, London, September 1903, 428-444.); : (Macedonia: a Possible Solution, Fortnightly Review, London, October 1903, 638-646.); : (The Bulgarians of Macedonia: a Psychological Study, Fortnightly Review, London, June 1904, 1049-1059.); (A Liberal Policy in the Near East, Independent Review, London, August 1904, 321-336.); (The Future of Crete, Nort Ame-rican Review, New York, August 1905, 251-260); (The Greeks in Macedonia, Contemporary Review, London, October 1905). - 1946. . 23. 1958. . 17 Brailsford, Macedonia. Its Races, 101. 18 Ibid.

...

229

, . ."19

, - " - , -".20 . , . , , . , (, , ). - . , , . , - - Times- , -.21

19 Brailsford, Macedonia. 102; The Macedonian Revolt, 439. 20 Brailsford, Macedonia. 103. 21 (James David Bourchier) 1850. - , . Trinity Colegge, Dublin, Cambridge. ton , - 1888. . , , Times-a. Times . , . , , . , , , - , , , , . . - Times-a , 1892. , 1895. . Times-a The Fortnightly Reviews, The Contemporary Review, The Fortnightly Review, The Illustrated London News, Cornhill Magazine. , - .

230

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, - . - . . , 12. 1903. ,

. - . - . - . . - . 1895. . . . 1896. - , 1897. - . - . 1908. , - . - 1912. . - . - , - . 1915. , Times-a . 1915. , , - . 1920. , 30. . - . . . - . Encyclopedia Britannica , , , .

...

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- .22

- 1903. - . , , -, , 1903-1909. , , , , - , , . Times, - .

3. 1903. . - . . - . 10. . . " ."23 , , - , - , . - .

. . : , . , Daily News-, , Times-, . , Reuteurs, , Daily Maily-a, -

22 R. Cramton, James Bourchier an Apprecation, South Slav Journal, vol. 18, N 3-4, 1997, 96. 23 The Parliamentary Debates, Fourth Series, vol. CXXVII, 1903, London 1903, 695-697; . -, , , , 664 (1963), 1963, 12.

232

, Manchester Guardian-. , - - , Our Duty to Macedo-nia. - .24 - - . , The Ma-cedonian Relief Committee .

. 1903. 200 .25 - , - - . - 1904, 1905, 1906. 1908. .

- . , -. , - , , 1500 4000 -, . - . , - 12. 1903.26

- - . - 570 .27 - - 366 , 203 , .28 24 . , , , IV, 1, 1968, 45. 25 Ibid, 46. 26 , , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 810, --, 30. VII/12. VI-II 1903. 27 J. F. Fraser, op. cit., 209. 28 , , , 1903, -VI, -IX, . . 6026, --, 5/18. VIII 1903.

...

233

, . . - -. . - , . 9. . , . 18. - - .29 20. 30. 1903. . - , , 500-600. 30

, , , -. 19. 1903. . . - , . - . , .31 .32 - , , 29 F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 143, Thesiger to Lansdowne, August 18, 1903. 30 F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 145, 147, Thesiger to Lansdowne, August 20, 30, 1903. 31 , , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 843, . . --, 6/19. VIII 1903. 32 , , , 1903, . - . , . 14243, --, 7/20. VIII 1903.; , , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 868, . . --, 10/23. VIII 1903.; 20. VIII / 2. IX 1903.; , , , 1903, . . 645, . . --, 5/18. IX 1903.

234

- . 30. 1903. , - - .33 , - , , 1904. . , , 6. , - . , - , - .34 - 1903. , , . .", , , . . . , - . - ".35 " . - , 60000 100000 ."36

. 746 .37 , - - -

33 F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 156, Thesiger to Lansdowne, September, 30, 1903. 34 F. O. 105/153, PRO, N 57, Thesiger to Lansdowne, July 10, 1904.; F. O. 105/153, PRO, N 78,79, Thesiger to Lansdowne, October 17, 19, 1904. 35 . , , , 8, 1955, 14. 36 . , 1904 , , XXVII, 4, 1980, 75. 37 Brailsford, Macedonia, 155.

...

235

. 12211 , 70000 . 115 , 84000 , 115 . 30000 , 3098 , 176 , 1500 -, 1900 .38

. . - -, . Daily Maily-, - , 1904. . - 1904. . , - .39

, 1903. 1905. . - . - - 1904. 1906. . -, , -, . - , - .

3. 1905. . - , -

38 Ibid, 161-166; , , . H. N. Brailsford, The Bulgarians of Macedonia, The Fortnightly Review, vol. LXXV, January to June 1904, London 1904, 1051. 39 R. Wyon, op. cit., 2-12.

236

. - , - . - - - . , - .40

, - - - . - - . , , - . , , .

1905. - . - . " . , -, . . . -, . , - . , , . - ... -."41 , , - .

- . Briton and Turk. - - 1903. -

40 F. O. 105/153, PRO, N 16, Thesiger to Lansdowne, April 3, 1905. 41 Brailsford, Macedonia, 36-37.

...

237

, .42 . . , , , - -, . , -, . .43

, , . - II 1903. , - . - - . . , .

, 24. 1903, , , - -- , - . . - . , - . , . - - , - .44 42 P. P. Graves, Briton and Turk, London, s. a. 88. 43 F. R. Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo. The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary 1866-1914, London 1972, 264. 44 B. D., vol. V, N 20, The Murzteg Programme, Text, October 2, 1903, 65-66.; . Stojkovi, Balkanski ugovorni odnosi 1876-1996, I tm (1876-1918), Beograd 1998, 240-241.; L. Albertini, The Origins of the War 1914, vol. I. European relations from the Congress of Berlin to the Eve of the Sarajevo Murder, London 1952, 135-136.; M. S.

238

24. 1903. , - .45

, -, - - , , -- . -, 29. 1903. , . - , .46

- , .47 1905. . - 19. , .

, - . , . - , , - . , , .48

- . 2. 1903. . - . -, - Anderson, The Eastern Question, 271.; F. R. Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo. The Foreign Policy of Austro-Hungary 1866-1914, London 1972, 265. 45 L. Albertini, The Origins of the War 1914, 136. 46 B. D., vol. V, N 15, Lansdowne to Plunkett, September 29, 63-64.; . Stojkovi, Balkanski ugovorni odnosi 1876-1996, I tm (1876-1918), Beograd 1998, 241. 47 . , , 46.; . , - II (1829-1909), 1984, 28. 48 M. S. Anderson, op. cit., 272.

...

239

. - , , , - . , , - - .

, 1905. - . - , . , , - , 1905. - .49

1903. , , . - . - , 1905. " , , - , ".50 . - " 1905. -: 785 , , ".51 - . 4. 1906. . - . 52

49 F. O. 105/155, PRO, N 21, Blakeney to Lansdowne, May 13, 1905. 50 Documents Diplomatiques Francais VI, N0 13, (DDF). 51 Corespondence Turkey I (1906), N0 59. 52 , , , 1906, -III, -XI, I/6, . . 1124, -, 22. VI 1906.

240

1907. - - .53 - , .

. - 13. 1907. , , " ".54 .55

- 13. 1908. 29. - . 1878. . - , . . , -, 27. 1908. - , . II - 9. 10. 1908. - - . -.56 , , .57 - .

53 B. D., V, N 84, Whitehead to Grey, February 15, 1907, 117-118. 54 B. D., vol. V, N 173, Grey to Goshen, December 13, 1907, 219. 55 B. D., vol. V, N 174, Grey to N. O. Conor, December 13, 1907, 219-220. 56 B.D., V, N 195, Secret, Memorandum by Sir C. Hardinge, June 12, 1908, 237-245. 57 . , , 49.; , - , 33.

...

241

XX . - 1903. . -, , , , - . - , , . -. 1908. - - , - . - , , . , - . , . . -, . , , . , , , - 1908. .

242

Aleksandar Rastovi

Views of Great Britain and Serbia on the Macedonian Problem 1903-1908

Summary

Great Britain was to take more interest in the affairs in Macedonia at the beginning of XX century. Up to end of September 1903 a strong turcophile orientation would prevail in its policy towards Macedonia. After the outbreak of the revolt, under the pressure the public opinion, strong influence of the liberals, a need to make itself an equal partner with other great powers and because of the intention to strengthen its interests in Macedonia, the British government started to press Turkey to adopt necessary reforms and improve position of the hristian population. As late as 1908 it started to make a turning point in order to undertake more radical measures, such as support to the autonomy of Macedonia the meeting of Reval which was not realized due to the outbreak of Young Turks Revolution. In the First Balkan War, the British politics were still reserved towards the Serb intentions in Macedonia. Only during the Second Balkan war, realizing that the Bulgarians were to lose, it came to the Serbian side and supported its goals.

Serbia favored the uprising in Macedonia. However, official Serbian policy took a neutral position.