-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Incubators

Autoclave

Refrigerator

pH meter

Balances

Water baths

Water distillation

Thermometers

Shaker

Hot air oven

Desiccator

Centrifuge

Compound

microscopes

Hot plate

Conical flasks

Beakers

Test tubes

Pipetts

Burettes

Petri dishes

Slides

Cover

Cork borers

Inoculating loop needle

Scissors

Forceps

Benzen flame

Label papers

Sterility

Basket

Test tube

Stainless steal

cylinder

Filter paper

Cotton

Swabs

Cloth

Media

-Colony - Colonies

Culture

Subculture

Sample

Incubation

temperature

Infection

Disinfectant

Air pollution

Water Pollution

Inoculum

growth media

medium

––––

–––-

chemically defined media (

chemicallymeadianonedefinde

solid media

semisolid media

liquid media

enriched media

selective media

-differential media

-:biological assay media

-media for enumeration of bacteria

media for characterization of bacteria

water

peptone

extract Peef

solidifying agents

gelatin

-

-

agaragar

-

-

Nutrient agar-

–

-

-

-

-

-

–

Nutrient agar

– -

Pure culture

Mixed culture

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-form

-Elevation

-Surface

-Smooth

-Rough

-concentrically ringed

-Radiantly ridged

-Edge

-Optical

features

-Opaque

-Translucent

-

-Opalescent

-Consistency

-Butyrous

-Viscid

-Membranous

-Brittle

-:Pigmentation

-

-

-

-

-

-

-coccus

-coccus

-Diplococci

-Tetracocci

-Sarcina

-Streptococci

-Staphlococci

-Bacillus

-E.coli

-Diplibacillus

-Streptobacillus

-

-Spirillum

-Vibrio

-

-

-

-

-

–

Negative Stain

India ink)

Nigrossin).

cholera

–

plague

--

-

-

––

-

-

--

-

Endosporestining

Bacillus ClostridiumEndospore

Schaeffer and Fulton . Malachit green

--

Shaeffer & Fulton

-Bacillus-Subtilis

-Malachite-green

-

-

-

-

-

-

Environmental influences .

-Effect of temperature on groth :

Optimum

Minimum

-

-E.coli

-Bacillus subtilis

-

-

-

-

-

Bacillusmesophiles

-

Bacillus subtilis

-

Effect of H-ion concentration

optimum

maximum

minimum

-Bacillus

-

pH

-

-

-

Bacillus subtilis

Effect of osmotic pressure

Plasmoptysis ,

Plasmolysis .

salt tolerant halophilic

-Bacillus subtilis-

-

-NaCl2

-

-B.subtilis

-

Bacillus

Effect of aeration

strict aerobes

faculative anaerobes

strict anaerobes

microaerophilic

-soil suspension

-

-

aerobefacultativeanaerobe Micro-

bacilluc

Bacillus sp.

H2O2 catalase H2O+O2

catalase

O O

Oxygen molecule

hydrolases

starch hydrolysis

amyloseAmylopectin

Bacillus subtilis

Collagen

Bacillus subtilis