"განახლებადი ენერგო რესურსები"

saqarTvelos erovnuli samecniero fondi

Georgia National Science Foundation

SoTa mesxias zugdidis saxelmwifo saswavlo universiteti

Tbilisi 2010

ganaxlebadi energo resursebis gamoyenebis ganaxlebadi energo resursebis gamoyenebis ekologiuri aspeqtiekologiuri aspeqti

qeTevan latariaqeTevan lataria

“energia” berZnuli sityvaa da Zlevamosilebas,Rirsebas da qmediTunarianobas niSnavs.

nebismier moqmedebas energia sWirdeba. energiis sxvadasxva forma arsebobs: meqanikuri, siTburi, sinaTlis,

eleqtruli, bgeriTi, qimiuri, birTvuli energia. energia SeiZleba erTi formidan meoreSi gadavides. energiis wyaroebs yofen ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad wyaroebad

resursi

sasargeblo wiaRiseuli

gamolevadi uSreti (gamouleveli)

GGMmzis, gravitaciuli,Mqaris, talRebis energia

Eenergiis tradiciuli wyaroebiEenergiis tradiciuli wyaroebi

atomis birTvibirTvis daSlis Sedegad birTvuli energia gamoiyofa.reaqtorebSi birTvuli energia uranis atomis birTvisgan miiReba birTvuli reaqciebis Sedegad

sawvavi wiaRiseuliqvanaxSiri, navTobi da bunebrivi airi milionobiT wlis ganmavlobaSi iqmneboda zRvis da xmeleTis mcenareebis da cxovelebis lpobis Sedegad.navTobisgan mzaddeba sxvadasxva sawvavi: benzini, dizeli, parafini, Txevadi airi, saaviacio navTi

ra aris ganaxlebadi energia?ganaxlebadi energiis ori tipi arsebobs: tradiciuli araganaxlebadi

energia da aratradiciuli ganaxlebadi energia.energiis tradiciuli wyaroebiwyaroebi

energiis tradiciul/ araganaxlebad wyaroebs warmoadgens bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSiri, navTobi da birTvuli saTbobi

organuli saTbobis wvis Sedegad yovel wels msoflioSi daaxloebiT 6 miliardi tona naxSirorJangi gamoiyofa, romlis naxevarze meti ar STainTqmeba biosferoTi da okeanis zedapiriT da atmosferoSi ileqeba. atmosferoSi daleqili CO2-is Warbi raodenoba qmnis „garss“ atmosferoSi, rac Tavis mxriv saTburis efeqts da Sesabamisad, globalur daTbobas iwvevs dedamiwaze. bolo 50 wlis manZilze CO2-is koncentracia atmosferoSi yovelwliurad 1.7 ppm-iT izrdeba da msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebis tempebis Semcirebis SemTxvevaSic ki (rac uSualod ukavSirdeba gamoyenebuli organuli saTbobis raodenobis Semcirebas) 2050 wlisaTvis is 500 ppm-s gadaaWarbebs. Sedegad, planetis temperatura savaraudod kidev 1-3,5 gradusiT aiwevs.

naxSirwyalbadebis amowurvadobanaxSirwyalbadebis amowurvadoba

navTobi da gazi amowurvadi resursebia. bevri specialistis navTobi da gazi amowurvadi resursebia. bevri specialistis mtkicebiT navTobis mopovebis piki 2005 wels dadga, mis mtkicebiT navTobis mopovebis piki 2005 wels dadga, mis Semdgom mosalodnelia mopovebis TandaTanobiT kleba. Semdgom mosalodnelia mopovebis TandaTanobiT kleba. amasTan erTad dRes arsebuli rezervebi gaTavsebulia:amasTan erTad dRes arsebuli rezervebi gaTavsebulia:

Znelad misadgom, teqnologiurad urTules Znelad misadgom, teqnologiurad urTules regionebSi(arqtika, yinulovani okeane), regionebSi(arqtika, yinulovani okeane),

Rrma wylebSi (barenci, kaspiis samxreTi, Savi zRva, wynari Rrma wylebSi (barenci, kaspiis samxreTi, Savi zRva, wynari okeane braziliasTan, samxreT CineTis zRva), okeane braziliasTan, samxreT CineTis zRva),

politikurad arstabilur, arasaimedo qveynebSi, romlebic politikurad arstabilur, arasaimedo qveynebSi, romlebic cdiloben Tavisi TamaSis wesebi ukarnaxon ganviTarebul cdiloben Tavisi TamaSis wesebi ukarnaxon ganviTarebul samyaros da navTobisa da gazis miwodebis sanacvlod samyaros da navTobisa da gazis miwodebis sanacvlod politikuri upiratesobebi moipovonpolitikuri upiratesobebi moipovon ( (ruseTi, sparseTis yure, ruseTi, sparseTis yure, venesuela)venesuela)

politikuri arastabiluroba mompovebel qveynebSi arastabilur politikuri arastabiluroba mompovebel qveynebSi arastabilur garemos qmnis energetikul bazarze da resursebze fasis garemos qmnis energetikul bazarze da resursebze fasis gaumarTlebel zrdas iwvevs.gaumarTlebel zrdas iwvevs.

Gganaxlebadi energiis gamoyenebis aqtualoba

naxSirwyalbadebis maragebis Semcireba.

energoSemcvelebze fasebis mkveTri da Seuqcevadi zrdis tendencia.

energoSemcvelebze moTxovnilebis zrda.

Eenergiis warmoebisa da gamoyenebisas garemoze mavne zemoqmedeba.

globaluri daTbobaglobaluri daTboba

ganviTarebuli samyaros SeSfoTeba ganviTarebuli samyaros SeSfoTeba globaluri daTbobis fenomenis globaluri daTbobis fenomenis gamo dafiqsirda 1997 wels kiotos gamo dafiqsirda 1997 wels kiotos oqmSi, romlis xelmomweri oqmSi, romlis xelmomweri mxareebi aRiareben mxareebi aRiareben naxSirwyalebdebis gamoyenebas naxSirwyalebdebis gamoyenebas da mis Sedegad warmoSobili da mis Sedegad warmoSobili mavne airebis gadamwyvet rols mavne airebis gadamwyvet rols globalur daTbobaSi da globalur daTbobaSi da valdebulebas iReben Seamciron valdebulebas iReben Seamciron mavne emisiebi naxSirwyalbadebis mavne emisiebi naxSirwyalbadebis TandaTanobiTi CanacvlebiT TandaTanobiTi CanacvlebiT ganaxlebadi energiiebis ganaxlebadi energiiebis ganviTarebiT da sufTa ganviTarebiT da sufTa teqnologiebis danergviTteqnologiebis danergviT

ra aris saTburis efeqti?

atmosferoSi SemoRweuli mzis sxivebi, romlebsac atarebs haeri, aTbobs dedamiwas. gaTbobis Semdeg dedamiwa da masze arsebuli

sagnebi gamoyofen infrawiTel gamosxivebas anu e.w `uxilavi siTbo~, romelsac ukan aRar atarebs atmosferoSi arsebuli 6 saxis

airi:

CO2- naxSirorJangi, NN2O O-azotis orJangi,

CH4 -meTani, PFPFCs - per floro karbonati,

HFHFCs – hidro floro karbonati, SF6 – eqvsvalentiani gogirdis ftoridi .

es aris saTburis efeqti. Aam gazebs Soris yvelaze metia CO2- .Tu atmosferoSi saTburis gazebis raodenoba saSualoze metia, igi

met siTbos iWers, temperatura izrdeba, es ki iwvevs globalur daTbobas.

es qvanaxSiris eleqtro sadguridan amomavali kvamlia. soflis mosaxleobas, es qvanaxSiris eleqtro sadguridan amomavali kvamlia. soflis mosaxleobas, romelic masTan axlos cxovrobs haeris dabinZurebasTan da mJavuri romelic masTan axlos cxovrobs haeris dabinZurebasTan da mJavuri

wvimebTan dakavSirebuli respiratoruli daavadebebi awuxebT. es sadguri wvimebTan dakavSirebuli respiratoruli daavadebebi awuxebT. es sadguri gamoyofs didi raodenobiT damabinZurebel nivTierebebs, maT Soris gamoyofs didi raodenobiT damabinZurebel nivTierebebs, maT Soris

naxSirorJangs, rac iwvevs globalur daTbobasnaxSirorJangs, rac iwvevs globalur daTbobas

Ywalmcenareebi avseben im wyalsacavs, romelic kanadis gleizeridan Ywalmcenareebi avseben im wyalsacavs, romelic kanadis gleizeridan ikvebeba, antarqtidaSi.. zogi mecnieri winaswarmetyvelebs naxevari arqtikis ikvebeba, antarqtidaSi.. zogi mecnieri winaswarmetyvelebs naxevari arqtikis dnobas saukunis bolosTvis. Aaseve, Tu grenlandiis yinulis masivebi gadneba dnobas saukunis bolosTvis. Aaseve, Tu grenlandiis yinulis masivebi gadneba

moxdeba is rom sRvis done 7 metramde aiwevsmoxdeba is rom sRvis done 7 metramde aiwevs

antarqtidis binadari pingvinebis cxovrebaze globaluri daTobis sxvadasxvanair antarqtidis binadari pingvinebis cxovrebaze globaluri daTobis sxvadasxvanair gavlenas axdens, negatiuri gavlena aris is,rom yinulis dnoba aZnelebs maT gavlenas axdens, negatiuri gavlena aris is,rom yinulis dnoba aZnelebs maT sakvebis mopovebas, radganac amis gamo maT uwevT ufro meti manZilis sakvebis mopovebas, radganac amis gamo maT uwevT ufro meti manZilis gavla. samxreT ubnebSi ki yinuli ufro swarafad dneba, rac maT gazafxulze gavla. samxreT ubnebSi ki yinuli ufro swarafad dneba, rac maT gazafxulze

bevr sakvebs aZlevT, rasac maTi reproduqciis rate-s gazrda moyvebabevr sakvebs aZlevT, rasac maTi reproduqciis rate-s gazrda moyveba

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis aTviseba evrokavSiris 25 qveyanaSi,hidrogeneraciis gamoklebiT, 1990 wlidan 2005

wlamde. wyaro: [Eurostat 2006

energiis aratradiciuli da tradiciuli ganaxlebadi wyaroebi

tradiciuli ganaxlebadi energiebia: mcire hesebis da bioenergia (SeSa, cxoveluri da mcenareuli narCenebi,

urbanuli narCenebi).upiratesoba: ar axdens uaryofiT zemoqmedebas garemoze, srulad ganaxlebadia,

yvela qveyana Tavad akontrolebs Tavis moxmarebas naklovanebebi: (1) srulad ganaxlebadia, magram raodenoba SezRudulia – garkveuli

raodenobis adamianebi, cxovelebi da mcenareebi garkveuli raodenobis narCenebs warmoSoben; gvalvebis dros zogierTi mcire mdinare Sreba da eleqtroenergia ar gamomuSavdeba. (2) ar aris ufaso – SeSis moWra, mogroveba da Senaxva xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli; xarjebTan aris kavSirSi municipaluri myari narCenebis, nagavsayrelebis, cxoveluri narCenebis Senaxva-gadamuSaveba da mcire hesebis aSeneba-eqspluataciac.

wylis energiawylis energiahidroenergia ganaxlebadi energiis yvelaze farTod hidroenergia ganaxlebadi energiis yvelaze farTod

gavrcelebuli formaa mTels msoflioSigavrcelebuli formaa mTels msoflioSi

hesebis dadebiTi mxareebi: • warmoebuli eleqtroenergia iafia; • ar abinZurebs garemos;• SesaZloa hqondeT sairigacio, sarekriacio da adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis sxva mniSvnelovani funqciebi

uaryofiTi mxareebi:•tboravs did farTobs da cvlis landSafts;•xels uSlis Tevzebis migracias;•aferxebs ra mdinaris Camonatanis (qviSa, RorRi da a.S.) gadaadgilebas, iwvevs sanapiro zolis degradacias.

hesebis mSeneblobas saqarTveloSi 100 welze meti istoria aqvs. hidroeleqtrosadgurebi saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikis xerxemals warmoadgens. saqarTveloSi energetikuli TvalsazrisiT 360 mniSvnelovani mdinarea.

biomasis energiabiomasis energia

biomasis mravalferovnebidan SeiZleba gamoiyos gamoiyos

Semdegi:Semdegi:

• SeSa;• satyeo meurneobis

eqsploataciis narCenebi; • xe-tyis industriis narCenebi;• soflis meurneobis mosavlis

narCenebi;• agrogadamamuSavebeli

industriis narCenebi;• mecxoveleobis narCenebi;• gamwmendi mowyobilobebis

narCenebi; • municipaluri sayofacxovrebo

narCenebi

saqarTvelos maRali teqnologiebis centrSidamuSavebuli biogazis danadgari, romelic gamoirCeva maRali

intensiurobiT

(3-4 m3 biogazi dReRameSi 1 m3 bioreaqtoris moculobidan).

Bbiomasis energrtikuli potencialis gamoyenebis meTodebiBbiomasis energrtikuli potencialis gamoyenebis meTodebi

TermoqimiuriTermoqimiuri pirdapiri wva siTbos pirdapiri wva siTbos

misaRebadmisaRebad pirolizipirolizi gazifikaciagazifikacia gaTxevadeba Txevadi gaTxevadeba Txevadi

saTbobis miasRebad saTbobis miasRebad

bioteqnologiuribioteqnologiuri meTanuri duRilimeTanuri duRili eTiluri fermentaciaeTiluri fermentacia anaerobuli fermentacia anaerobuli fermentacia

wyalbadis miRebiTwyalbadis miRebiT

1 t mSrali merqnis pirolizis 1 t mSrali merqnis pirolizis Sedegad miiReba:Sedegad miiReba:

300 kg xis naxSiri300 kg xis naxSiri 140 m3 airi140 m3 airi 50 litri ZmarmJava50 litri ZmarmJava 70 litri merqnis zeTi70 litri merqnis zeTi

biogazi :biogazi : CHCH4 4 – 60%– 60% COCO22 – 40 % – 40 %

sxvadasxva tipis biomasis energetikuli potenciali

Bbiomasissaxeoba

raodenoba raodenoba aTasi tonaaTasi tona

Eenergia (mln

kvt*sT/w)

Dyovelwliurad dazogili (Canacvlebuli) wiaRiseuli saTbobi

marcvlovani da parkosani kulturebis narCenebi

870870 1.31.3 112 aTasi t.n.e.112 aTasi t.n.e.

mecxoveleobis da mefrinveleobis narCenebi

16701670 6.96.9 734*106 m3 bun. airi734*106 m3 bun. airi

sayofacxovrebo narCenebi 900900 0.60.6 64*106 m3 bun. airi64*106 m3 bun. airi

sxvadasxva tipis biomasis energetikuli potenciali

Bbiomasissaxeoba

raodenoba raodenoba aTasi tonaaTasi tona

Eenergia (mln

kvt*sT/w)

Dyovelwliurad dazogili (Canacvlebuli) wiaRiseuli saTbobi

q. Tbilisis q. Tbilisis sakanalizacio sakanalizacio wylis da fekaluri wylis da fekaluri masis masis gamwmendi gamwmendi mowyobilobebidan mowyobilobebidan narCenebinarCenebi

250250 1.01.0 100*106 m3 bun. 100*106 m3 bun. AairiAairi

xe-tye da misi xe-tye da misi narCenebinarCenebi

700700 2.72.7 200 aTasi t.n.e.200 aTasi t.n.e.

jamijami 43904390 12.512.5 1074 aTasi t.n.e.1074 aTasi t.n.e.

biomasis energetikuli potenciali da misi gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomasis energetikuli potenciali Seadgens 12,5 mlrd. kvtsT-s. SedarebisTvis sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom amJamad saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis mier gamomuSavebuli energia ar aRemateba 8 mlrd. kvtsT-s.samwuxarod, biomasis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi arasasurveli mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs da ZiriTadad SeSis moxmarebis saxiT gvxvdeba, ramac SesaZloa ekologiur katastrofamde migviyvanos. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom SeSis gamoyeneba ZiriTadad xdeba dabali efeqturobis mcire simZlavris saojaxo RumelebSi. saqarTvelosaTvis SedarebiT axli praqtikaa mecxoveleobis narCenebis gadamuSaveba da misgan biogazis warmoeba. Seqmnilia da praqtikulad ganxorcielebulia 400-ze meti biodanadgari. Tumca, es danadgarebi xasiaTdeba muSaobis sezonuri arastabilu-

robiT da biogazis warmoebis dabali intensiurobiT.

biomasis potencialibiomasis potenciali: : emisiebis Semcireba da emisiebis Semcireba da sufTa energiis warmoebasufTa energiis warmoeba

am grafikidan Cans, rom soflis am grafikidan Cans, rom soflis meurneoba da urbanuli da meurneoba da urbanuli da sxvadasxva narCenebi emisiebis sxvadasxva narCenebi emisiebis mniSvnelovan wyaros mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens. soflis meurneobis warmoadgens. soflis meurneobis da urbanuli narCenebisgan da urbanuli narCenebisgan qveynis gasufTaveba qveynis gasufTaveba saqarTvelosTvis arCevani ki ara saqarTvelosTvis arCevani ki ara aucileblobaa. miT umetes Tu aucileblobaa. miT umetes Tu xelisuflebam qveynis ganviTarebis xelisuflebam qveynis ganviTarebis strategiul mimarTulebad strategiul mimarTulebad saerTaSoriso turizmi airCia. saerTaSoriso turizmi airCia.

narCenebisgan qveynis narCenebisgan qveynis gaTavisufleba xelsayrelia ara gaTavisufleba xelsayrelia ara mxolod saitaruli da esTeturi mxolod saitaruli da esTeturi TvalsazrisiT, aramed TvalsazrisiT, aramed narCenebisgan energiis miRebis narCenebisgan energiis miRebis da sufTa ganviTarebis meqanizmis da sufTa ganviTarebis meqanizmis gamoyenebiT emisiebiT gamoyenebiT emisiebiT vaWrobaSi monawileobis vaWrobaSi monawileobis TvalsazrisiTac.TvalsazrisiTac.

saTbur i emi si ebi saqar Tvel oSi 2005(mi l i on t onebSi ) samuSao var i nat i

i ndust r i a; 1 587 700;

14%

sofl i s meur neoba; 3 422 500;

30%

t r anspor t i1 238 200; 11% ener get i ka;

3 910 300; 35%

nar Cenebi ; 1 167 500; 10%

biomasis gamoyenebas energetikaSi aqvs Semdegi dadebiTi mxareebi:

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroa; gavrcelebulia TiTqmis mTel teritoriaze; mniSvnelovnad amcirebs saTburi efeqtis mqone airebis

emisias atmosferoSi; iqmneba damatebiTi samuSao adgilebi regionebSi.

biomasis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi:

• biomasis warmoqmnisTvis saWiroa miwis didi farTobebi;

• biomasis, konkretulad ki tyis resursebis intensiurma gamoyenebam SesaZloa ekologiur katastrofamde migviyvanos;

• biomasa dRevandeli sabazro fasebis gaTvaliswinebiT araganaxlebad (wiaRiseul) sawvavTan SedarebiT ufro ZviradRirebulia

torfis gamoyenebatorfis gamoyeneba

torfis resursuli maragi torfis resursuli maragi

saqarTveloSi warmoadgens saqarTveloSi warmoadgens

8 000 000 kub.m. 8 000 000 kub.m.

mTlianad saqarTveloSi 11mTlianad saqarTveloSi 11

torfis sabadoa, aqedan 10 torfis sabadoa, aqedan 10

sabado modis dasavleTsabado modis dasavleT

saqarTveloze.saqarTveloze.

naklovanebebi: (1) ufasoa, magram jerjerobiT naklebad ekonomiuri – moiTxovs did miwis farTobebs da zRvis akvatorias (qaris wisqvili zRvaSi, talRis da mimoqcevis energia, rac zRudavs portebTan midgomas). (2) SesaZloa daamaxinjos peizaJi. (3) didia sxvaoba am energiis miRebis Teoriul, teqnikur, miRwevad da ekonomikur potencialebs Soris.

energiis aratradiciul/ganaxlebad wyaroebs miekuTvneba: qaris, mzis, talRis, zRvis mimoqcevis, geoTermuli energia, torfis, wyalbadis upiratesoba: srulad ganaxlebadia, ar axdens uaryofiT zemoqmedebas klimatze, TiToeuli qveyana Tavad akontrolebs Tavis moxmarebas.

•Gganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTulebaa msoflioSi.• mas did yuradRebas uTmoben ganviTarebuli qveynebi da saerTaSoriso institutebi: •Kklimatis cvlilebis CarCo xelSekruleba, kiotos protokoli, energetikuli qartia, evrokomisia, aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento, gaeros ganviTarebis programa, msofliobanki, evropis ganviTarebis da rekonstruqciis banki da sxva.

mze masSi mimdinare birTvuli reqciebis Sedegad gamoyofil energias asxivebs.dedamiwamde am energiis mxolod mcire nawili aRwevs

mzis batareamzis batarea mzis energiaseleqtrul energiad garda-qmnis.mzis batarea gamoiyenebaTanamgzavrebze, ukacriel adgilebSi ganlagebulmeteosadgurebsa dasakomunikacio sadgurebze, sayofacxovrebodaniSnulebiT da sxva.

mzis panelebi da wylis mzis panelebi da wylis gamacxeleblebigamacxeleblebi

mzis gamosxivebis mimRebi sistemebimzis gamosxivebis mimRebi sistemebiheliosistema Segeba 2 ZiriTadi kvanZisagan – gamosxivebis heliosistema Segeba 2 ZiriTadi kvanZisagan – gamosxivebis

mimRebi da siTbos akumulatori. Ggamosxivebis mimRebi mimRebi da siTbos akumulatori. Ggamosxivebis mimRebi warmoadgens specialur rezervuars an milebis sistemas, warmoadgens specialur rezervuars an milebis sistemas,

romelic Sevsebulia wyliT, an wylisa da antifrizis nareviT da romelic Sevsebulia wyliT, an wylisa da antifrizis nareviT da Tbeba mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebiTTbeba mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebiT

koncentrirebuli mzis energia espaneTSikoncentrirebuli mzis energia espaneTSi

mzis energiis potenciali saqarTveloSi

cxelwyalmomaragebis mizniT saqarTveloSi SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes standartuli heliosistemebi 200-300 litri tevadobis rezervuariT da 2,8-5,6 m2 zedapiris mqone koleqtorebiT, romelTa fasebia Sesabamisad 2000-3000 lari.

rac Seexaba gaTbobas, saqarTveloSi gaTbobis sezonis xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT (noemberi, dekemberi, ianvari, Tebervali, marti, aprili) heliosistemis koleqtorebis zedapiris farTobi unda Sedgendes 16-25 m2 saSualo ojaxisTvis. aseTi pirobebis dasakmaofileblad saWiroa 2-3 standartuli heliosistemis erTdrouli gamoyeneba, rac mniSvnelovnad aZvirebs siTburi energiis TviTRirebulebas da Seadgens daaxloebiT 30 TeTri/kvtsT-s heliosistemebis sicocxlis xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

mzis energiis potenciali saqarTveloSimzis energiis potenciali saqarTveloSi

3.5) - saSualo wliuri radiacia 3.5kvt*sT/(m2*d-R)=1278kvt*sT/

(m2*w); 3.8) - saSualo wliuri radiacia 3.8kvt*sT/(m2*d-R)=1387kvt*sT/



(m2*w); 5.3) - saSualo wliuri radiacia 5.3kvt*sT/(m2*d-R)=1935

kvt*sT/(m2

mzis energiamzis energia mzis energiis gamoyenebis

dadebiTi mxareebi:

• energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroa;

• mzis energiis sxva formis energiebad gardaqmnisas adgili ar aqvs garemos dabinZurebas;

• mzis panelebis dainstalirebis Semdeg miRebuli energia ufasoa

mzis energiis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi:

• mzis panelebis maRali TviTRirebuleba da Sesabamisad maRali fasi; • eleqtroenergiis warmoeba mxolod dRis sinaTlezea SesaZlebeli;• mzis energiidan sxvadasxva formis energiis miRebis efeqturoba damokidebulia amindze

qariTu qaris turbinas (frTian borbals)mivaerTebT generatorTan, qaris kinetikuri energia SeiZleba eleqtro energiad gardavqmnaT. aseve SesaZlebelia talRebis energiis gamoyeneba generatoris asamuSaveblad

qaris energiis ganviTarebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba msoflioSi. sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom bolo eqvs weliwadSi qaris eleqtrosadgurebis saerTo simZlavre 4-jer gaizarda da miaRwia 70 000 mgvt-s. qaris eleqtrosadgurebi garda gernmaniisa, espaneTisa, aSS-sa da sxva mowinave qveynebisa, aSenda iseT qveynebSic, rogoricaa egvipte, somxeTi da a.S. germania, romelic dReisaTvis lideria qaris energiis gamoyenebaSi, 2020 wlisaTvis qaris eleqtrosadgurebze gamoimuSavebs mTlianad gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis 20%-s. aseTive tendencia SeiniSneba sxva qveynebSic.

qariqari

qaris energetikis ganviTareba msoflios qveynebSi

perspeqtiuli qaris eleqtrosadgurebi

simZlavre –2000 mgvtsimZlavre –2000 mgvt

gamomuSaveba -5000 gamomuSaveba -5000 mgvtmgvt

qaris eleqtrosadgurebis savaraudo gamomuSaveba

qaris energiis gamoyenebis dadebiTi mxareebi:

ar abinZurebs garemos; ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebs

Soris yvelaze iafia.

uaryofiTi mxareebi: • qari arastabiluria;• qaris eleqtrosadguri xmauriania;• qaris eleqtrosadguri ikavebs did farTobs;• qaris eleqtrosadguri zians ayenebs frinvelebs;• qaris eleqtrosadguri aferxebs tele da radiosignalebs.

saqarTveloSi qaris sruli Teoriuli energopotenciali Seadgens 1300 mlrd. kvtsT-s, maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos mdinareebis sruli Teoriuli energopotenciali 135 mlrd. kvtsT-ia. aRsaniSnavia, rom qaris energiis ZiriTadi wili modis zamTris im Tveebze, rodesac hidroeleqtrosadgu-rebi ganicdian wylis resursebis deficits.

geoTermuli energiageoTermuli energia

geoTermuli resursebigeoTermuli resursebi

geoTermuli TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo warmoadgens zomierad Termul regions, sadac hidroTermuli resursebis temperatura ar aRemateba 110-120C. hidroTermuli resursebis saprognozo maragi Seadgens 960 000-1 000 000 kubur metrs/dReRameSi. amJamad saaqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia Termuli wylis 250-mde bunebrivi da xelovnuri wyaro. sxvadasxva monacemebiT hidroTermuli resursebis Teoriuli potenciali Sefasebulia, rogorc 245-290 mgvt, teqnikuri potenciali ki 150 mgvt.

geoTermuli siTbos mopovebis sami meTodi:

bunebrivi hidroTermuli cirkulacia, e.w. xelovnuri gadaxureba mSrali kldovani qanebis (e.w. cxeli mSrali grunti – Hot dry rocks) gaciveba.

mSrali kldovani qanebis gacivebis meTodi iTvaliswinebs Rrma qanebis (5-10 km siRrmeze) gacivebas masSi wylis iZulebiTi gatarebiT. amisaTvis qanebs xsnian e.w. hidravlikuri rRveviT (Hydraulic fracturing) da awyoben sacirkulacio konturs damWirxn da mimReb WaburRilebs Soris (konstruirebuli geoTermuli sistemebi –ngineered Geothermal Systems - EGS).

geoTermuli resursebis potencialigeoTermuli resursebis potenciali – 2 – 2 miliardi miliardi kv/sT wliuradkv/sT wliurad

saqarTvelos geoTermuli resursebis potenciali saqarTvelos geoTermuli resursebis potenciali aqvs. es aris saSualo da dabali temperaturis aqvs. es aris saSualo da dabali temperaturis (30(30ºCºC – 108 – 108ºCºC) 250 wyaro da WaburRili, romlebic ) 250 wyaro da WaburRili, romlebic ganTavsebulia Tbilisis da zugdidi/caiSis zonaSi da ganTavsebulia Tbilisis da zugdidi/caiSis zonaSi da romelTa warmadoba 160 000 mromelTa warmadoba 160 000 m³³dReSi. wliuri dReSi. wliuri warmoebis potenciali 350 – 400 aTasi mwarmoebis potenciali 350 – 400 aTasi m³³ weliwadSi. arsebuli geoTermuli wylebis weliwadSi. arsebuli geoTermuli wylebis temperatura eleqtrogeneraciis saSualebas ar temperatura eleqtrogeneraciis saSualebas ar iZleva. am wylebis gamoyeneba mosaxerxebelia iZleva. am wylebis gamoyeneba mosaxerxebelia mosaxleobisaTvis sanitaruli daniSnulebiT da mosaxleobisaTvis sanitaruli daniSnulebiT da saTburebisaTvis. geoTermuli wylebis potencialis saTburebisaTvis. geoTermuli wylebis potencialis aTviseba saqarTveloSi 1951 wels daiwyoaTviseba saqarTveloSi 1951 wels daiwyo. .

geoTermuli energiageoTermuli energia

energiis am formis gamoyenebis dadebiTi mxareebi:

•mcirea garemoSi mavne nivTierebebis gafrqveva; •ar aris damokidebuli amindis cvale- badobaze;•iafia tradiciul saTbob-energetikul resursebTan SedarebiT.

uaryofiTi mxareebi: •geoTermuli sadgurebis mSeneblobam SesaZloa uaryofiTad imoqmedos gruntis stabilurobaze;

wyalbadis sawvavad gamoyenebawyalbadis sawvavad gamoyeneba

wyalbadi warmoadgens yvelazewyalbadi warmoadgens yvelaze

kaloriul sawvavs. 3-jer ufro kaloriul sawvavs. 3-jer ufro

maRali aqvs Tbounarianoba, vidremaRali aqvs Tbounarianoba, vidre

benzins.benzins.

wyalbadi ekologiurad sufTawyalbadi ekologiurad sufTa

energiis wyaros warmoadgens energiis wyaros warmoadgens

yvelaze.yvelaze.

wyalbadis miRebis ekologiurad wyalbadis miRebis ekologiurad

sufTa gza aris wylis eleqtrolizi. sufTa gza aris wylis eleqtrolizi.

wylis dasaSlelad mzis energia iqneba wylis dasaSlelad mzis energia iqneba

gamoyenebuligamoyenebuli

ganaxlebadebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis ganaxlebadebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis TviTRirebulebaTviTRirebuleba

ganxlebadi wyaroebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis ganxlebadi wyaroebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis TviTRirebuleba gacilebiT maRalia vidre navTobsa da TviTRirebuleba gacilebiT maRalia vidre navTobsa da gazze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis TviTRirebuleba. gazze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis TviTRirebuleba. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi zogierTi ganaxlebadi Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi zogierTi ganaxlebadi energia SeiZleba konkurentulic iyo Tu saqme exeba energia SeiZleba konkurentulic iyo Tu saqme exeba centraluri regionebidan mowyvetil nakleb dasaxlebul centraluri regionebidan mowyvetil nakleb dasaxlebul mTian regions, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli centralur mTian regions, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli centralur eleqtrosistemasTan an gazis milebis eleqtrosistemasTan an gazis milebis infrastruqturasTan da mosaxleobis simciris gamo am infrastruqturasTan da mosaxleobis simciris gamo am sistemebis aSeneba ararentabeluria.sistemebis aSeneba ararentabeluria.

navTobis da gazis wvis Sedegad warmoSobil mavne navTobis da gazis wvis Sedegad warmoSobil mavne airebs garemoze, globalur daTbobaze zemoqmedebis airebs garemoze, globalur daTbobaze zemoqmedebis faqtorebi rom daTvlili iyos da naxSirwyalbadebiT faqtorebi rom daTvlili iyos da naxSirwyalbadebiT warmoebuli erTeuli energiis fasSi Sediodes warmoebuli erTeuli energiis fasSi Sediodes ganaxlebadi wyaroebiT warmebuli energia namdvilad ganaxlebadi wyaroebiT warmebuli energia namdvilad konkurentuli iqneboda.konkurentuli iqneboda.

grZelvadiani energetikuli proeqtebis grZelvadiani energetikuli proeqtebis RirebulebaSi SedisRirebulebaSi Sedis

kapitalis da mSeneblobis danaxarjebi;kapitalis da mSeneblobis danaxarjebi;

sawvavis Rirebuleba;sawvavis Rirebuleba;

operirebisa da movla/SekeTebis operirebisa da movla/SekeTebis danaxarjebi;danaxarjebi;

demontaJis danaxarjebidemontaJis danaxarjebi

grafiki 1 sqematurad asaxavs danaxarjebis grafiki 1 sqematurad asaxavs danaxarjebis

struqturas proeqtis vadis ganmavlobaSistruqturas proeqtis vadis ganmavlobaSi

grafiki 2: asaxavs ganxlebadi energiebisa da grafiki 2: asaxavs ganxlebadi energiebisa da naxSirwyalbadebis proeqtis SedarebiT xarjebs naxSirwyalbadebis proeqtis SedarebiT xarjebs sawyisetapze, proeqtis ganmavlobaSi da misi sawyisetapze, proeqtis ganmavlobaSi da misi

dasrulebisasdasrulebisas

xar j ebi s Sedar eba: ganaxl ebadebiDda naxSi r wyal badebi

Gganaxl ebadebi sxar j ebi s mr udi

naxSi r wyal badebi sxar j ebi s mr udi

wl i ur ixar j ebi

pr oeqt i s xangr Zl i voba: 25 wel i

ra aris energoefqturoba?

energoefeqturoba es aris naklebi energiis da energetikuli momsaxurebis gamoyeneba, rac sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi miiRweva energiis racionalurad moxmarebis kulturis amaRlebiT, xolo ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorSi sawarmoo procesebis optimizaciiT.

energoefeqturoba ZiriTadad adamianur faqtorTan aris dakavSirebuli da miiRweva energomoxmarebis Cvevebis, saqmianobis sqemebis da operatiuli reJimebis gaumjobesebiT

energoefeqturi RonisZiebebienergoefeqturi RonisZiebebi

energoefeqturi RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia rogorc sayofacxovrebo, ise samrewvelo seqtorSi.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi Senobebi ZiriTadad agebulia sabWoTa periodSi, rodesac energiaze xelovnurad daweuli fasebis gamo saerTod ignorirebuli iyo konstruqciebis siTbosdamcavi RonisZiebebi. aseTi Senobebis Tbomomarageba moiTxovs didi raodenobis Tbur energias. marto Tbilisis sacxovrebeli saxlebis gasaTbobad amJamad weliwadSi 25 820 mgvtsT energiaa saWiro. aqedan TiTqmis naxevari Senobebis Tburi daucvelobis gamo ikargeba.

ganviTarebuli qveynebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Tanamedrove pirobebSi siTbos xarji SenobebSi SesaZlebelia Semcirdes mesamediT da metad, rac amJamindel krizisul viTarebaSi energodazogvis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes rezervs warmoadgens.

energoefeqturi teqnologiebi

energoefeqtur teqnologiebs miekuTvneba:

SenobaTa SemomzRudi konstruqciebis Tboizolacia; siTbosmomxmarebeli sistemebis modernizacia; optimaluri siTbos wyaros SerCeva. efeqturi ganaTeba; SenobebSi siTbo ikargeba fanjrebidan, gare karebebidan, Weridan,

kedlebidan da iatakidan. Senobis siTburi balansi mocemulia nax.1. siTbos SesanarCuneblad saWiroa Catardes Senobis SemomzRudi konstruqciebis Tboizolacia, sadac igulisxmeba:

kedlebis Tburi izolacia; gadaxurvis da iatakis Tburi izolacia; fanjrebis siTbosdamcavi Tvisebebis gaumjobeseba; RriWeebis dagmanva infiltraciis Semcirebis mizniT

energoefeqturi RonisZiebebienergoefeqturi RonisZiebebi

detroitSi (aSS) `jeneral motors~-is ofisSi, romelic 5,5 milioni kvadratuli metria, energoefeqturi danadgarebis damontaJebis Sedegad erT weliwadSi daizoga 500 000 aSS dolari eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadebSi.

ras niSnavs energiis dazogva?ras niSnavs energiis dazogva?energiis dazogva niSnavs imas, rom erTi da imave muSaobis energiis dazogva niSnavs imas, rom erTi da imave muSaobis

Sesasruleblad Cven vxarjavT ufro nakleb energias drois erTi da imaveSesasruleblad Cven vxarjavT ufro nakleb energias drois erTi da imave

periodis ganmavlobaSiperiodis ganmavlobaSiratom unda davzogoT energia? ratom unda davzogoT energia?

dedamiwaze arsebuli energoresursebis maragi droTa ganmavlobaSi mcirdeba da aRdgenas ar eqvemdebareba. es gansakuTrebiT exeba araganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebs (navTobi, qvanaxSiri, bunebrivi airi). es imas niSnavs, rom araganaxlebadi energiis maragi adre Tu gvian gamoileva. amitom Cven unda davzogoT energia. amiT Cven gavufrTxil-debiT bunebriv resursebs.

Eenergiis araganaxlebadi wyaroebi warmoiqmna milionobiT wlis win da maTi moxmarebis siCqare naklebia maTi warmoqnis siCqareze, amitom araganaxlebadi energiis maragi adre Tu gvian gamoileva. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom Znelia energiis araganaxlebadi wyaroebis maragis zusti raodenobis gansazRvra, mecnierebma gamoTvales, rom: qvanaxSiris maragi adamianebs eyofaT kidev 225 wlis ganmavlobaSi; bunebrivi airis maragi - 60 wlis ganmavlobaSi; navTobis maragi - 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi

vamcirebT Tu ara garemos vamcirebT Tu ara garemos dabinZurebasEenergiis dazogviT?dabinZurebasEenergiis dazogviT?

energiis sxvadasxva wyaroebis gamoyenebisas garemoSi energiis sxvadasxva wyaroebis gamoyenebisas garemoSi gamoiyofa mavne nivTierebebi, riTac binZurdeba garemo. es gamoiyofa mavne nivTierebebi, riTac binZurdeba garemo. es gansakuTrebiT exeba energiis araganaxlebad wyaroebs (navTobi, gansakuTrebiT exeba energiis araganaxlebad wyaroebs (navTobi, bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSiri). energiis aRniSnuli wyaroebi Seicaven bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSiri). energiis aRniSnuli wyaroebi Seicaven didi raodenobiT naxSirbads. maTi wvis dros naxSirbadi garemoSi didi raodenobiT naxSirbads. maTi wvis dros naxSirbadi garemoSi gamoiyofa naxSirorJangis saxiT. naxSirorJangis koncentraciis gamoiyofa naxSirorJangis saxiT. naxSirorJangis koncentraciis gazrda garemoSi arRvevs temperaturul balanss Cvens planetaze gazrda garemoSi arRvevs temperaturul balanss Cvens planetaze da iwvevs klimatis Secvlas, rac gamoixateba globaluri daTbobiT, da iwvevs klimatis Secvlas, rac gamoixateba globaluri daTbobiT, anu e.w. “saTburis efeqtiT”, rac did safrTxes warmoadgens anu e.w. “saTburis efeqtiT”, rac did safrTxes warmoadgens kacobriobisaTvis. kacobriobisaTvis.

•qvanaxSiri da navTobi Seicaven gogirds da azots, iseve rogorc naxSirbads. azotisa da gogirdis oqsidebi momwamvleli nivTierebebia, romelTa wyalSi gaxsnis Sedegad warmoiqmneba mJave wvimebi. mJave wvimebi zians ayeneben garemos. gogirdisa da azotis oqsidebi didi raodenobiT warmoiqmneba wiaRiseuli sawvavis (navTobi, qvanaxSiri, bunebrivi airi) wvis Sedegad TboeleqtrosadgurebSi. •Mamitom, eleqtroenergiis dazogviT Cven SevamcirebT TboeleqtrosadgurebSi momwamvleli nivTierebebis gamoyofas da aqedan gamomdinare, garemos dabinZurebas.

vzogavT Tu ara fuls energiis dazogviT?vzogavT Tu ara fuls energiis dazogviT?

Tu energias ekonomiurad movixmarT, Cven gadavixdiT Tu energias ekonomiurad movixmarT, Cven gadavixdiT nakleb gadasaxadebs. amitom energiis dazogviT Cven nakleb gadasaxadebs. amitom energiis dazogviT Cven

fulsac vzogavT. fulsac vzogavT.

energiis dazogvis yvelaze martiv gzas warmoadgens Cveni qceva yofacxovrebaSi.

Eenergias aseve davzogavT, Tu SeviZenT iseT eleqtroxelsawyoebs, romlebic naklebi raodenobis dens moixmaren.

Earaganaxlebadi energiis dazogvis mizniT sasurvelia SeZlebisdagvarad CavanacvloT is energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebiT (mzis, qaris, biomasis, hidro da talRis energia). cnobilia, rom energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyeneba ar abinZurebs garemos da maTi maragi gamudmebiT ivseba bunebrivi procesebis Sedegad.

ra igulisxmeba Tqvens qcevaSi?

gamoiyeneT energoefeqturi naTurebi. isini 5 - jer nakleb eleqtro energias xarjaven Cveulebriv naTurebTan SedarebiT da 10-jer ufro met xans Zleben.

energia SegiZliaT dazogoT saxlis daTbunebiT. amiT Tqven amcirebT siTbos danakargebs da zogavT eleqtroenergias.

gamorTeT gasanaTebeli saSualeba roca oTaxidan gadixarT.

nu daRvriT uqmad cxel wyals. daketeT onkani moxmarebis Semdeg. amiT Tqven energias dazogavT.

SeiZineT iseTi eleqtroxelsawyoebi, romlebic naklebi raodenobis dens moixmaren.

SekiTxvebi:SekiTxvebi:daasaxeleT, ra uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs qvemoT mocemuli energiis daasaxeleT, ra uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs qvemoT mocemuli energiis

wyaroebis gamoyeneba? wyaroebis gamoyeneba?

qaris energiaqaris energia atomuri energiaatomuri energia bunebrivi airibunebrivi airi navTobinavTobi SeSaSeSa mzis energiamzis energia qvanaxSiriqvanaxSiri

•xmauri•radiaqtiuli narCenebi•suni•bunebrivi landSaftebis dazianeba•Ddasxiveba•Hhaeris dabinZureba•mJave wvimebi da saTburis efeqti

QQ

qeTevan latariaqeTevan lataria

mobil: 897 64 00 64mobil: 897 64 00 64

el. fosta el. fosta [email protected]@yahoo.com

gmadlobT!gmadlobT!

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