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Transcript of ბიძინა ივანიშვილის საინვესტიციო...
saqme
biZina ivaniSvilsa
da
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Soris
ukanaskneli Setyobineba davis Sesaxeb
egzavneba:
misi aRmatebuleba mixeil saakaSvili, saqarTvelos prezidenti
misi aRmatebuleba zurab adeiSvili, saqarTvelos iusticiis
ministri
SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE,
MEAGHER & FLOM (UK) LLP
40 Bank Street
londoni E14 5DS
gaerTianebuli samefo
telefoni: +(44 20) 7519-7000
faqsi: +(44 20) 7519-7070
biZina ivaniSvilis iuridiuli
mrCevlebi
TariRi: 2012 wlis 31 ivlisi
[ ] July 2012
SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE,
MEAGHER & FLOM LLP
1440 New York Avenue N.W.
vaSingtoni, D.C. 20005
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
telefoni : + (1 202) 371-7000
faqsi: + (1 202) 393-5760
sarCevi
I. mokle mimoxilva
1
II. davis warmoSobis safuZvlebi
3
Aa. daSinebisa da eqspropriaciis kampania saqarTvelos mxridan:
qronologia 3
b. qarTu bankis uzrunvelyofis uflebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
RonisZiebebi 6
g. qarTu bankis samarTlebrivi Seviwroeba 14
d. qarTu bankisa da progres bankis dayadaReba 19
e. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier marTlmsajulebaze uaris
Tqma 20
III . iurisdiqcia xelSekrulebis mixedviT
22
IV. xelSekrulebis darRveva
23
V. moTxovnili samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualeba
27
VI. moTxovna mSvidobian molaprakebaze
27
1
I . mokle mimoxilva
1. qvemore xelmomweri - b-ni biZina ivaniSvili - samarTlebrivi
warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT waradgens saqarTvelos mTavrobis
winaSe ukanasknel Setyobinebas davis Sesaxeb. dava wamoiWra or
qarTul komerciul bankSi: ss qarTu banksa d ss progres bankSi
arsebuli investiciebis kanonsawinaaRmdego mopyrobis gamo.
2. 2011 wlis 7 oqtombers b-nma ivaniSvilma ganacxada Tavisi
ganzraxva Camoeyalibebina saqarTvelos arsebuli xelisuflebis
opoziciuri partia da monawileoba mieRo 2012 wlis oqtombris
saparlamento arCevnebSi. ramdenime dReSi, saqarTvelos
xelisuflebam daiwyo daSinebis, eqspropriaciisa da sxva
ukanono qmedebebis Tanmimdevruli kampania biZina ivaniSvilisa
da misi aqtivebis winaaRmdeg. aRniSnuli kampania
koordinirebuli iyo saxelmwifos yvela resursis mobilizebiT
da masSi iyo CarTuli aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo,
sasamarTlo xelisufleba da iseTi organoc ki, rogoric aris
centraluri banki: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki.
3. saqarTvelos kampania b-ni ivaniSvilis winaaRmdeg gaSlili iyo
mraval frontze. Pprezidentma mas Seuwyvita saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba, saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebma arasworad
daadanaSaules igi fulis gaTeTrebaSi da moaxdines zewola
bankis klientebze, raTa daetovebinaT da TaRliTobis tolfasi
qmedebebi CaedinaT bankis winaaRmdeg. amave dros, parlamentma
Secvala saqarTvelos kanoni im erTaderTi mizniT, raTa
gaCeniliyo saSualeba, bankis nebismieri uzrunvelyofa
gadafaruli yofiliyo saxelmwifo sagadasaxado moTxovnebiT,
rac saqarTveloSi nebismier uzrunvelyofil garigebas aclida
safuZvels. saqarTvelos sagadasaxado da aRsrulebis
organoebma gamoiyenes da aRasrules axali kanoni mxolod ss
qarTu bankis winaaRmdeg – romelic aris saqarTveloSi moqmedi
19 komerciuli bankidan erT-erTi. qarTu banki daeqvemdebara
mizanmimarTul da diskriminaciul gegmas, ramac Sedegad
2
gamoiRo b-ni ivaniSvilis bankis aqtivebis 190,000,000 laris (114.6
milioni aSS dolari) dakargva. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebma
SemdegomSi daakanones saxelmwifo Zalauflebis borotad
gamoyenebis sistematuri SemTxvevebi.
4. yvela mtkicebuleba adasturebs, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar
Seqmnia aranairi dabrkoleba borotad gamoeyenebina saxelmwifo
Zalauflebis yoveli elementi, romelic iyo mis gankargulebaSi,
raTa politikuri qvenagrZnobiT mieyenebina ziani b-ni
ivaniSvilisTvis. misi aqtivebisTvis zianis miyenebisa da
dayadaRebis kampaniis dros xelisufleba ise Sors wavida, rom
Secvala saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, arad Caagdo
sakuTrebis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba da uari
Tqva centraluri bankisa da sasamarTlos damoukideblobaze,
riTac uzarmazari ziani miayena saqarTvelos ekonomikas, sabanko
sistemasa da saqarTvelos imijs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
winaSe.
5. winamdebare SetyobinebaSi aRwerili qmedebebi, romlebic
ganaxorciela saqarTvelos xelisuflebam arRvevs saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobasa da saerTaSoriso samarTals, maT Soris
sainvesticio xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebebs,
romlebic saqarTvelos gaaCnia b-ni ivaniSvilis winaSe. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelo ar gadawyvets sakiTxs
urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT, b-n ivaniSvils ganzraxuli aqvs
waradginos dava savaldebulo Zalis mqone arbitraJis winaSe,
romelic aris gaTvaliswinebuli saxelmwifosa da sxva
saxelmwifos moqalaqeebs Soris sainvesticio davebis
mowesrigebis Sesaxeb vaSingtonis, kolumbiis olqi, 1965 wlis 18
martis konvenciiT (“ICSID konvencia”).
6. miuxedavad imisa, rom b-ni ivaniSvili mxars uWers davis
mSvidobianad gadawyvetas, amJamindeli mTavrobis mtrulma
damokidebulebam da mis winaaRmdeg mimarTulma Tavdasxmebma
daadastures, rom nebismieri saxis molaparakeba uSedego iqneba.
3
Sesabamisad, is itovebs uflebas daiwyos ICSID konvenciiT
gaTvaliswinebuli saartbitraJo saqmiswarmoeba Semdgomi
Setyobinebis gareSe.
II. davis warmoSobis safuZvlebi
a. daSinebisa da eqspropriaciis kampania saqarTvelos
mxridan: qronologia
7. b-ni ivaniSvili iyo qarTuli sabanko seqtoris wamyvani
investori. Bbolo periodamde, is iyo qarTuli komerciuli
bankis ss qarTu bankis 100%-iani beneficiari mesakuTre: saaqcio
sazogadoeba, romelic dafuZnda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisad, registrirebuli misamarTze: i. WavWavaZis gamziri
#39a, Tbilisi (“qarTu banki”). b-ni ivaniSvili aseve flobs
21.7% aqciebs ss progres bankSi: saaqcio sazogadoeba, romelic
dafuZnda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad,
registrirebuli misamarTze baraTaSvilis quCa 8, Zveli
Tbilisis raioni, Tbilisi (”progres banki”).
8. rogorc mTavrobas moexseneba, 2011 wlis 7 oqtombers, b-ma
ivaniSvilma sajarod ganacxada misi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, movides
qarTul politikaSi da opoziciaSi Caudges amJamindel
mTavrobas. man es gaakeTa Ria werilis saSualebiT, romliTac
mwvaved gaakritika prezidenti saakaSvili1.
9. amave dReebSi, b-ni ivaniSvili da misi investicia qarTu bankSi
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis yvela Stos koordinirebuli da
uxeSi politikuri Tavdasxmis samizne gaxda: aRmasrulebeli
xelisufleba, parlamenti, sasamarTlo sistema da sxva
saxelmwifo organoebi, rogoric aris saqarTvelos erovnuli
banki.
1 biZina ivaniSvilis Ria werili xelmisawvdomia Semdeg misamarTze:
http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24006
4
10. 2011 wlis 11 oqtombers, saqarTvelos prezidentma gamosca
brZanebuleba, romliTac b-n ivaniSvils Seuwyvita saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba2.
11. imave kviras, saxelmwifo uwyebebma qarTu bankSi gaxsnili
angariSebi daxures da saqarTvelos Zalovanma struqturebma
aiZules bankis uamravi momxmarebeli gaekeTebinaT igive. aman
gamoiwvia qarTu bankidan kapitalis uprecendento gadineba
45,000,000 laris (27 milioni aSS dolari) odenobiT 2011 wlis
oqtombris bolo ori kviris ganmavlobaSi3.
12. 2011 wlis 18 oqtombers, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom brali
dasdo qarTu banks fulis gaTeTrebaSi, speqtaklSi, romelic
mxardaWerili iyo saqarTvelos erovnul bankis mier.
dezinformaciis maqsimalurad farTod gasavrceleblad,
braldebebi imave saRamos gaxmianda adgilobrivi media
saSualebebiT, magram isini ar yofila dasabuTebuli da
ganmartebac ki ar gakeTebula qarTu bankisaTvis.
13. 2011 wlis 19 oqtombers, saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma daiwyo
diskriminaciuli auditi qarTu bankis winaaRmdeg, romelic
grafikis mixedviT unda gagrZelebuliyo mxolod or Tves,
magram dRemde ganuwyvetliv grZeldeba. “auditis” saxiT daiwyo
bankis saqmianobis yveldRiuri kontroli/zedamxedveloba, ramac
aralegitimuri mizeziT saSualeba misca mTavrobas hqonoda
imwuTieri informacia da kontroli angariSebze
ganxorcielebul moZraobebze. msgavsi qmedebebi iqna
ganxorcielebuli progres bankis winaaRmdegac.
2 saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba #602 biZina ivaniSvilisaTvis moqalaqeobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (11 oqtomberi 2011).
3 aSS dolaris eqvivalentebi aris miaxloebiTi da darTulia mxolod informaciis mizniT.
5
14. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom 2011 wlis 28 oqtombridan 2011 wlis
11 noembramde periodSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo kanoni,
romelmac sagadasaxado organoebs misca saSualeba hqonodaT
upiratesi ufleba finansuri institutebis uzrunvelyofil
moTxovnebze, ugulebeleyoT saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli
praqtika da SeeryiaT mTliani qarTuli finansuri sistemis
simtkice.
15. noembridan moyolebuli, qarTulma xelisuflebam gamoiyena es
kanonebi, raTa qarTu bankisaTvis waerTmia 190,000,000 laris (114.6
milioni aSS dolari) aqtivebi, romelic mopovebuli hqonda
kanonierad, komerciuli sesxebis uzrunvelyofis saxiT.
saqarTvelos 19 komerciuli bankidan, mxolod qarTu bankis
aqtivebi iqna dayadaRebuli am gziT. danarCeni 18 bankis aqtivebi
(bazris 96%) darCa xeluxebeli.
16. 2012 wlis 14 marts, saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam qarTu
banks daakisra dausabuTebeli jarima 822,040 laris (500,000 aSS
dolari) odenobiT, ramac damatebiTi ziani miayena b-n ivaniSvils.
amas mohyva ukanono politikuri jarimebi, romelic daekisra b-n
ivaniSvils piradad 74,325,065 laris ($44.8 milioni aSS dolari)
odenobiT – yovelive es iyo saqarTvelos mxridan mcdeloba,
SeeferxebinaT b-ni ivaniSvili, gamoeyenebina Tavisi uflebebi,
rogorc prezident saakaSvilis opozicioner kandidats.
SemdgomSi saqarTvelos aRsrulebis erovnulma biurom
daayadaRa qarTu banki da b-ni ivaniSvilis aqciebi progres
bankSi, raTa, TiTqosda momxdariyo aRniSnuli jarimebis
iZulebiTi gadaxdevineba.
17. 2011 wlis dekembridan qarTu banki saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi
cdilobda Tavis dacvas uamravi sasamarTlo gancxadebis gziT,
magram, miuxedavad maTi dasabuTebulobisa, yvela maTgani
ugulebelyofil iqna. qarTuli sasamarTloebis
gadawyvetilebebi saxelmwifos sasargeblod iyo mikerZoebuli.
6
18. saxelmwifos qmedebebis Sedegad da iqidan gamomdinare, rom aRar
arsebobda realuri perspeqtiva SeenarCunebina qarTu banki,
gamomdinare im ukanono kampaniidan, romelsac awarmoebda mis
winaaRmdeg saxelmwifo, 2012 wlis 30 aprils b-nma ivaniSvilma
gayida wilebi ss qarTu jgufSi (qarTu bankis deda kompania).
19. es sakiTxebi detalurad aris aRwerili qvemoT, romelic iwyeba
yvelaze mkacri RonisZiebiT: qarTu bankis aqtivebis xelyofis
mizniT saqarTvelos sabanko kanonmdeblobis SecvliT.
b. qarTu bankis uzrunvelyofis uflebis winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli RonisZiebebi
20. 2011 wlis 28 otombramde, saqarTveloSi bankebi funqcionirebdnen
sistemiT, romelic saSualebas aZlevda maT mieRoT
uzrunvelyofa Cadebul aqtivebze gamWvirvale da saimedo gziT.
Tu momxmarebels survili hqonda daegiravebina Tavisi aqtivi,
rogorc sesxis uzrunvelyofa (rogorc wesi, uZravi qoneba an
wilebi), banki arkvevda sajaro reestrSi iyo Tu ara
sagadasaxado giravnoba an sxva raime tipis datvirTva
registrirebuli aRniSnul aqtivebze. Tu ar iyo, maSin banks
SeeZlo gaegrZelebina qonebis giravnobis an ipoTekis
registracia sesxis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Tavisi uzrunvelyofis ufleba/interesi
warmoadgenda pirvelad prioritets aRniSnuli aqtivebze sxva
pirTa moTxovnebTan mimarTebaSi4.
21. Tu sxva pirebi, rogoricaa saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
organoebi, SemdgomSi daaregistrirebdnen sagadasaxado
giravnobas imave qonebaze, is rangirebuli iqneboda rogorc
bankis winaswari uzrunvelyofis interesis Semdgom mdgari
meoradi ufleba/interesi. es Seesabameba evropis, SeerTebuli
4 ixileT saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 823 muxli,
saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 75-e muxlis me-4 punqti da saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis 239-e muxlis me-6 nawili.
7
Statebisa da sxva qveynebis saerTaSoriso praqtikas:
uzrunvelyofil moTxovnebs aqvT upiratesoba
arauzrunvelyofil moTxovnebTan mimarTebiT (sagadasaxado
moTxovnebis CaTvliT) da uzrunvelyofil kreditorebs Soris
yadaRis/giravnobis prioriteti ganisazRvreba eqskluziurad
registraciis TariRiT.
22. 2011 wlis 28 oqtombers, saqarTvelos parlamentma Tavdayira
daayena aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi CarCo. kerZod, saaRsrulebo
warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 75-e muxlisa da aseve
sagadasaxado kodeqsis 239-e muxlis cvlilebebiT, parlamentma
Secvala am prioritetebis/upiratesobebis arsebuli ganrigi.
Secvlili kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
uwyebebis mier sagadasaxado giravnobis/ipoTekis warmoSobis
safuZvlebi miekuTvneba bankis giravnobis/ipoTekis
registraciamdel periods, pirvel rigSi dakmayofildeba
sagadasaxado giravnobiT/ipoTekiT uzrunvelyofili moTxovna, im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu igi ar iqna registrirebuli bolo
periodamde.
23. cvlileba gavrcelda yvela arsebul kontraqtze, ganurCevlad
imisa Tu rodis iqna gaformebuli. Sedegad nebismieri
gamsesxeblis arsebuli uzrunvelyofa aqtivebze SesaZloa
gaxdes usargeblo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sagadasaxado uwyebebi
daadeben sagadasaxado giravnobas/ipoTekas aqtivebs Zveli
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis gamo.
24. principSi, es cvlilebebi kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenebda
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli yvela uzrunvelyofili
garigebis upiratesobas, rac Seitanda qaoss uamrav savaWro
urTierToebaSi da gamoiwvevda savalalo makro-ekonomikur
zegavlenas saqarTvelosTvis, maT Soris: SeuZlebels gaxdida
sesxis gacemas saqarTveloSi arsebuli uzrunvelyofis
saSualebis gamoyenebiT, rac Tavis mxriv gamoiwvevda kreditis
gayinvas saqarTveloSi da ucxouri investiciebis mkveTr vardnas.
8
araa gasakviri, rom amerikis savaWro palatam saqarTveloSi
mkafiod dagmo cvlilebebi, miswera ra Semdegi teqstis Semcveli
werili saqarTvelos premier-ministrs:
cvlilebebi Searyevs finansuri institutebis
simtkices, aseve uaryofiT gavlenas moaxdens maTi
auditebis da gare iurist-konsultantebis, biznes
partniorebis da finansistebis, finansuri
institutebis uzrunvelyofis saxiT datvirTuli
uzrunvelyofis saSualebaTa rangirebaze, rac
uzrunvelyofs maTi sesxebis portfelebs.
logikurad, es iqoniebs pirdapir zegavlenas
ekonomikaze, daabrkolebs bankebs gaasesxon Tanxebi
qarTuli sakuTrebis uzrunvelyofis safuZvlze, rac
Seamcirebs Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kreditis
xelmisawvdomobas (orives, korporatiuls da
individualurs, gansakuTrebiT SezRudavs/Seaferxebs
sacxovreblis ipoTekasa da samSeneblo sesxebs),
aseve, Seaferxebs saerTaSoriso safinanso
institutebis mzadyofnas/survils, rom gaasesxon
Tanxa qarTuli uzrunvelyofis safuZvelze, da
Seamcirebs pirdapir ucxour investiciebs
saqarTveloSi (romelic xSirad finansdeba
saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis mier).5
5 amerikis savaWro palatis saqarTveloSi werili saqarTvelos premier-ministrs, daTariRebuli 2011 wlis 14 dekembriT. igive werili uaryofs saqarTvelos gancxadebebs, rom aRniSnuli cvlilebebi Seesabameba saerTaSoriso praqtikas: “qarTulma bankma da saerTaSoriso finansuri institutis warmomadgenlebma, romelTac Cven vesaubreT, gangvicxades, rom rodesac maT wamoswies es sakiTxi saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan da saqarTvelos erovnul bankTan, am ukanasknelTa mxridan moismines sxvadasxva tipis gamarTlebebi cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT. erT-erTi mTavari damcavi argumenti iyo is, rom cvlilebebi asaxavs sxva qveynebis saukeTeso praqtikasa da Cveulebebs. Cven ver daveTanxmebiT am mosazrebas. Cvenma diskusiebma am sakiTxze ukanaskneli dReebis ganmavlobaSi kvalificiur adamianebTan daadastures, rom SeerTebul StatebSi, germaniaSi da safrangeTSi, magaliTad, aris iseTi kanonmdebloba, rogoric iyo saqarTveloSi cvlilebebamde.
9
25. Tumca ki, faqtobrivad, Secvlili kanoni gamoyenebuli iqna
mxolod qarTu bankis winaaRmdeg – da ara sxva danarCeni 18
komerciuli bankis winaaRmdeg, romelic moqmedebs saqarTveloSi.
aRniSnuli adasturebs, rom cvlileba, romelic TiTqosda
yvelasken iyo mimarTuli, realurad warmoadgenda mxolod b-ni
ivaniSvilis winaaRmdeg wamowyebuli diskriminaciuli kampaniis
nawils.
26. 2011 wlis 11 noembers, saqarTvelos parlamenti ufro Sors
wavida. man cvlileba Seitana saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonis 77-1(7) muxlSi, imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom
Tu datvirTuli qoneba gaiyideba iZulebiTi auqcionis wesiT
sagadasaxado giravnobis/ipoTekis dasakmayofileblad, maSin am
aqtivebis gayidviT gauqmdeba maTze arsebuli yvela is sanivTo
ufleba, romelic registrirebulia sagadasaxado valdebulebis
warmoSobis TariRis Semdeg.
27. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifos SeeZlo waeRo aqtivebi,
romelic datvirTuli iyo bankSi, restrospeqtulad Seefasebina
sagadasaxado giravnoba da Semdeg mieyida aqtivebi mesame
pirisaTvis samarTlebrivad sufTa, dautvirTav mdgomareobaSi.
Sesabamisad, ara mxolod bankis upiratesi interesi icvleba,
aramed is srulad uqmdeba yovelgvari kompensaciis gareSe
(maSinac ki, Tu aqtivebi gaiyideboda im fasSi, romelic aWarbebs
sagadasaxado valdebulebis odenobas).
28. 2011 wlis 28 dekembers, saqarTvelos parlamentma daaCqara
aqtivebis gayidvis procedura saxelmwifo biujetis
sasargeblod saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis 69(1) muxlSi cvlilebis Setanis gziT. procesi,
romelsac manamde ori Tve sWirdeboda axla SesaZloa
dasrulebuliyo mxolod 2 kviraSi. imave cvlilebis Tanaxmad,
Tu dayadaRebuli aqtivebi ar gaiyida auqcionze, an mogebuli
pretendenti ver gadaixdis fass 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi, maSin
10
aRsrulebis erovnul biuros ufleba aqvs gadasces aqtivebi
saxelmwifos, romelsac SeuZlia is gayidos, rogorc
samarTlebrivad sufTa qoneba. saqarTvelom gamoiyena axali
proceduruli normebi b-ni ivaniSvilis bankis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul TavdasxmaTa dasaCqareblad.
29. “a” TavSi aRwerili sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi erTianad
moixsenieba rogorc “sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebi”.
30. garemoebis gauaresebis mizniT, saxelmwifo qarTu bankis
momxmareblebTan farul garigebebSi Sevida da gaaTavisufla
isini valdebulebebisagan, raTa moexdina qarTu bankis
uzrunvelyofis uflebis anulireba – maSin, roca sagadasaxado
yadaRis kanonebiT es ar aris nebadarTuli.
31. magaliTad, qarTu bankis bevri momxmarebeli iyo specialurad
Seqmnili kompania, romelic daarsebuli iyo imave dros, ra
drosac warmoiSva bankis uzrunvelyofis ufleba. aqedan
gamomdinare, SeuZlebeli iyo am kompaniebs hqonodaT bankis
uzrunvelyofis uflebamde saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli raime
saxis sagadasaxado valdebuleba.
32. da mainc, aseT situaciaSi, qarTu bankSi dagiravebuli uamravi
fasiani aqtivi gadacemul iqna misi movale klientebis mier
Sesabamis kompaniebze, romlebsac marTebdaT, an moulodnelad
aRmoaCndaT, rom marTebT sagadasaxado valdebulebebi bankis
uzrunvelyofis uflebis dRemde. amas mohyva sagadasaxado
giravnoba/ipoTeka, ris Sedegadac aqtivebi gatanil iqna
auqcionze.
33. auqcionebze (mTlianobaSi 92 auqcioni) gatanili aqtivebi an ar
iyideboda, an gamarjvebuli pretendenti (romelic xSirad imaze
maRal fass debda, vidre amas qarTu banki sTavazobda) ver
11
ixdida Tanxas moTxovnili 15 dRis vadaSi, rac imas niSnavda,
rom aqtivebi unda gadasuliyo saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi. am
meTodiT ukugdebuli iyo qarTu bankis yoveli mcdeloba
auqcionze gamoesyida aqtivebi. xelisuflebam analogiurad
uaryo qarTu bankis mcdeloba, moepovebina gamWvirvale
informacia auqcionis Sesaxeb, iseTi rogoricaa “myidvelebis”
identifikacia an dadastureba, rom romelime maTganma gadaixada
auqcionis wesiT dadgenili 10%-iani depoziti.
34. saxelmwifom Semdeg ukan gayida igive aqtivebi - rogorc bankis
moTxovnebisagan Tavisufal aqtivebi - maT pirvandel
mflobelebze an kompaniebze, romlebic kontroldeba imave
pirvandeli beneficiarebis mier – gaamdidra ra saxelmwifo da
mesame pirebi qarTu bankis xarjze.
35. saxelmwifosa da mesame pirTa SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba xsnis Tu
ratom, arcerTma dazaralebulma gadasaxadis gadamxdelma ar
idava masze dakisrebul sagadasaxado valdebulebaze – imis
miuxedavad, rom gadasaxadebis dakisreba maTze xdeboda
absurdulad.
36. saxelmwifos ukanono saqcieli aseve kargad Cans Semdegi
magaliTidan. Sps kavkasiis uZravi qonebis jgufi, kompania
dafuZnebuli 2010 wlis 23 ivniss, aris qarTu bankis klienti,
romelsac gaaCnia vali daaxloebiT 10,000,000 aSS dolaris
odenobiT. aRniSnuli vali uzrunvelyofili iqna ipoTekiT,
romelic bankSi gaformda 2010 wlis 25 ivniss. aranairi kanonieri
safuZveli ar arsebobda am kompaniisaTvis sagadasaxado
valdebulebis dakisrebisaTvis misi dafuZnebidan da bankSi
qonebis datvirTvidan ori dRis vadaSi. marTlac, finansTa
saministros ssip Semosavlebis samsaxurs (“Semosavlebis
samsaxuri”) arc ki ucdia msgavsi valdebulebis dakisreba.
12
37. amis nacvlad, 2011 wlis 24 noembers (3 kviraze ufro mokle
droSi mas Semdeg, rac pirvelad ZalaSi Sevida sagadasaxado
yadaRis kanonebi) Sps kavkasiis uZravi qonebis jgufis qarTu
bankSi dagiravebuli aqtivebi ukanonod gadaeca sxva kompanias,
ss pirimzes, romelsac hyavs igive beneficiari mesakuTre6.
38. amavdroulad, Semosavlebis samsaxurma moulodnelad
“aRmoaCina”, rom ss pirimzes hqonda sagadasaxado valdebuleba,
romelic momdinareobda 2005 wlidan. misi valdebulebis odenoba
“socialuri gadasaxadis” winaSe Seadgenda 25,000,000 lars.
braldeba efuZneboda absurdul aRmoCenas, rom ss pirimzem 2004
wels gadaixada xelfasi 100 milioni laris odenobiT maSin,
rodesac 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi sawarmoTa am seqtorSi wliuri
xelfasi Seadgenda 415 lars (saSualod 34.6 lars TveSi) – rac
qmnis cru realobas, TiTqos aRniSnuli sawarmos samuSao Zalis
ricxvi aRwevda 250,000 kacs, ra SemTxvevaSic dasaxelebuli
kompania iqneboda saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi kerZo
damsaqmebeli 2004 wels.
39. 2011 wlis 22 dekembers is aqtivebi, romlebic winaT datvirTuli
iyo qarTu bankis mier da ukanonod gadacemuli ss pirimzisaTvis,
naturis saxiT gadaeca saxelmwifos, rogorc ss pirimzis
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis dasafari saSualeba, riTac
gauqmda qarTu bankis uzrunvelyofa im sagadasaxado
davalianebis gamo, romelic, TiTqosda, gaaCnda ara ipoTekars7 ,
aramed sxva kompanias. SemdgomSi saxelmwifom aqtivebi gadasca
kerZo kompanias (Sps pp), romlis mesakuTris vinaoba ucnobia. 6 ixileT Sps kavkasiis uZravi qonebis jgufsa da ss pirimzes Soris gaformebuli
wilis nasyidobis xelSekruleba, romelic registrirebulia sajaro reestrSi 2011 wlis 24 noembers, 12,853,978 laris Rirebulebis. Sesabamisi samewarmeo reestri adasturebs, rom Sps kavkasiis uZravi qonebis jgufsa da ss pirimzes hyavT erTi da igive beneficiari mesakuTreebi: q-ni laura RaWava da misi meuRle b-ni nodar kodua.
7 saqarTvelom uari Tqva im mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenaze, romelic daadasturebda, rom gadasaxadebis gadaxda namdvilad moxda saxelmwifosaTvis.
13
ukanono sqema ufro Sors wavida, vidre es gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis (romelic TavisTavad iyo
ukanono) debulebiT.
40. kidev uamravi magaliTi arsebobs msgavsi arakanonieri
qmedebebisa, romlebzec qarTu bankma ukve gaamaxvilebina
yuradReba saqarTvelos xelisuflebasa da saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebs auracxeli sasamarTlo saqmiswarmoebis gziT,
Tumca uSedegod.8
41. mTlianobaSi, saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis Sesabamisad sul Catarda 92 auqcioni, riTic qarTu banks
waerTva 195 aqtivis (rac moicavda ramdenime yvelaze cnobil
Senobas TbilisSi) uzrunvelyofa. aman 190,000,000 larze (114.6
milioni aSS dolari) meti odenobiT pirdapiri ziani miayena
qarTu banks, da, Sesabamisad, b-n ivaniSvils. amas emateba qarTu
bankis ZiriTadi kapitalis Sesabamisi zarali da xarjebi,
romelic gaRebul iqna bankis uflebebis dasacavad - warmatebis
gareSe – saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi (ixileT qveviT nawili
“e”: marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqma).
42. 2012 wlis martis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc iqna, sxva qarTulma
bankebmac daiwyes sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis gaprotesteba,
miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavroba uSualod arwmunebda maT, rom
mxolod qarTu banki iqneboda samizne, bankebis auditorebi
valdebulni iyvnen 2012 wlis 30 aprilamde SeefasebinaT bankebis
uzrunvelyofis portfelebi. sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebi
8 ixileT mag: ss qarTu banki Sps logosis, amxanagoba TeTri saxli, saqarTvelos finansTa saministros ssip Semosavlebis samsaxuris da iusticiis saministros ssip saqarTvelos aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros winaaRmdeg; da ss qarTu banki Sps Tolias, aslan jinWarZis, saqarTvelos finansTa saministros ssip Semosavlebis samsaxurisa da ssip saqarTvelos aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros winaaRmdeg. saqmis warmoebis Sesabamisi grafiki ixileT danarTi #1-Si.
14
daisaWirovebda bankis aqtivebis masiur Camowerebs da biZgs
miscemda likvidurobis kriziss saqarTveloSi.
43. Sedegad, saqarTvelos parlamentma gaauqma sagadasaxado yadaRis
kanonebi 2012 wlis 30 martis kanoniT N5970, romelic ZalaSi
Sevida 2012 wlis 20 aprilidan. aman daubruna saqarTvelos
Sesabamisi kanonebi im pozicias, romelic arsebobda 2011 wlis 28
oqtombramde.
44. saerTo jamSi, normatiuli cvlilebebi ZalaSi iyo eqvs Tveze
nakleb xans (7 noemberi 2011 – 20 aprili 2012) yadaRis kanonebi
gavrcelda mxolod qarTu bankis aqtivebze da mis klientebze,
imis miuxedavad, rom qarTu banki Seadgens qarTuli komerciuli
sabanko sistemis mxolod 4%-s. sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis
SerCeviTi gamoyeneba aaSkaravebs saqarTvelos parlamentis
diskriminaciul ganzraxvas. is arasodes emsaxureboda
keTilsindisier sazogadoebriv ganzraxvas. dasawyisSive,
sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebi gamiznuli iyo b-ni ivaniSvilis
winaaRmdeg. 2012 wlis aprilSi, am kanonebis gauqmebam, kidev
erTxel daamtkica, rom isini ar emsaxurebodnen aranair kanonier
sazogadoebriv mizans.
g. qarTu bankis samarTlebrivi Seviwroveba
45. sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis amoqmedeba da SerCeviTi
gamoyeneba daemTxva qarTu bankis mimarT Cadenil sxva ukanono
qmedebas, ramac damatebiTi ziani miayena b-n ivaniSvils.
aRniSnuli farTomasStabiani qmedeba xelyofs rogorc ormxrivi
sainvesticio xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebebs, aseve
avlens politikur motivacias, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda
saqarTvelo sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis miRebisa da
SerCeviTi gamoyenebis dros.
(i) fulis gaTeTrebis cru braldebebi
15
46. 2011 wlis 18 oqtombers saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis
pirebma arasworad daadanaSaules qarTu banki fulis ukanono
gaTeTrebaSi, speqtaklSi, romelic koordinirebuli iyo Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros mier.
47. qarTu banki wesisamebr fulis inkasirebas axdens saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva komerciuli bankebidan, raTa uzrunvelyos Tavisi
klientebi naRdi fuladi saxsrebiT. banki amas akeTebs
bankTaSoris tranzaqciebiT, ra drosac, is iRebs sazRvargareT
deponirebul fuls, ricxavs mas ama Tu im komerciul bankSi,
romelsac im momentisaTvis Sesabamisi Warbi naRdi fuli aqvs da
iRebs banknotebis Sesabamis raodenobas. 2011 wels, qarTu banki
CarTuli iyo daaxloebiT 200 msgavs tranzaqciaSi, romelic
mTlianobaSi Seadgenda 70,000,000 larze mets (42.2 milioni aSS
dolari). Y
48. 2011 wlis 18 oqtombers, saqarTvelos prokuraturis agentebma
daayadaRes erT-erTi aseTi tranzaqcia da sajarod cili
daswames qarTu banksa da b-n ivaniSvils fulis gaTeTrebaSi.
amave dRes, qarTu bankma jerovnad gadauricxa ss saqarTvelos
banks 2 milioni aSS dolari da aseve 1,000,000 evro sazRvargareT
arsebuli angariSebidan siTibankis, komercbankis da Deutsche Bank-
is meSveobiT. Cveulebriv reJimSi, qarTu bankis TanamSromlebma
uzrunvelyves banknotebis gamotana ss saqarTvelos bankis
Senobidan.
49. ss saqarTvelos bankidan ramodenime auxsneli zaris Semdeg,
sadac iTxovdnen fulis gamotanis dayovnebas, qarTu bankis
gunds ss saqarTvelos bankis warmomadgenlis mier mieca
miTiTeba, rom banknotebis misaRebad misuliyvnen maTi Senobis
specialur adgilas. moulodenlad, qarTu bankis mikro avtobuss
miuaxlovda SeiaraRebuli oficrebis jgufi videokamerebiT
(zogierTi niRbiT iyo, zogi samoqalaqo tansacmelSi),
daapatimres mZRoli da qarTu bankis sxva TanamSromlebi da
16
waiyvanes sapatimroSi. mikro avtobusi da banknotebi aseve iqna
CamorTmeuli. yovelive es gamiznulad iyo aRbeWdili video
firze.
50. imave saRamos, mTavrobis mier kontrolirebadma satelevizio
arxebma gaaSuqes axali ambebi, romlis mixedviTac dakavebulni
iyvnen qarTu bankis TanamSromlebi, romelTa Sesaxebac
arsebobda eWvi, rom axorcielebdnen “didi odenobiT Tanxebis
gaTeTrebas” da rom dayadaRebuli Tanxa dakavSirebuli iyo b-n
ivaniSvilTan. deteqtivebma gaavrceles kadrebi, romlebzec
asaxuli iyo iatakze farTod gaSlili banknotebi 9 . es iyo
saxelmwifos mier dadgmuli Sarada da cru braldebebma ziani
miayena rogorc bankis, ise b-ni ivaniSvilis reputacias da
gamoiwvia komerciuli danakargi, maT Soris, danakargi
klientebis saxiT. qarTu bankis TanamSromlebi gaaTavisufles
imave dRes, xolo fuli qarTu banks yovelgvari axsna-
ganmartebis gareSe daubrunda ori Tvis Semdeg.
51. mravali moTxovnis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos prokuraturam uari
ganucxada banks miewodebina informacia aRniSnul saqmeze
Catarebuli mokvlevis Sesaxeb, ramac SeuZlebeli gaxada
bankisTvis Seemcirebina is ziani, romelic miadga mis reputacias
sajarod gakeTebuli cru braldebebiT. prokurorebi amtkiceben,
rom Zieba kvlav mimdinareobs, maSin, roca bankis arcerTi
TanamSromeli ar daukiTxavT am Tavdasxmidan rva Tvis
ganmavlobaSi. qarTveli prokurorebi ar Sexebian qarTu bankis
sakorespondento bankebis tranzaqciebs, romelic samarTliani
gamoZiebis SemTxvevaSi iqneboda logikurad gadadgmuli pirveli
nabiji.
9 http://rustavi2.com/news/video.php?fr=video&id_news=43489&lang=eng&ftp1=1&ftp2=0&ftp3=0
17
(ii) qarTu bankisa da progres bankis dausabuTebeli
auditi
52. fulis gaTeTrebis dadgmuli speqtaklidan 24 saaTSi,
saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma gamosca 2011 wlis 19 oqtombriT
daTariRebuli #767 brZaneba qarTu bankSi auditis Catarebis
dawyebis Sesaxeb, TiTqosda imis dasadgenad, icavda Tu ara banki
fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos kanons, aseve
saqarTvelos kanons ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis
xelSewyobis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom gegmiT auditi unda
gagrZelebuliyo or Tves, erovnuli banki ganuwyvetliv
agrZelebs auditis Catarebis periods mas Semdeg10.
53. erovnuli bankis mier qarTu bankSi Catarebul wina auditebs ar
gamouvlenia fulis gaTeTrebasTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebi da
arcerTi aseTi auditi ar gagrZelebula erT Tveze met xans.
logikurad, yvela wina auditi aseve fokusirebuli iyo
tranzaqciebze, romelic ganxorcielda auditis dawyebis dRemde.
54. es auditi Zalian gansxvavebuli iyo. is ukve 9 Tvea rac
grZeldeba. “auditorebs” ar gamouZiebiaT aranairi monacemebi.
amis nacvlad, maT “auditi” qarTu bankis tranzaqciebis
yoveldRiur monitoringad gadaaqcies – rac scdeba legitimur
saxelmwifo interess da aWarbebs saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis
maregulirebel mandats. “auditorebma” moiTxoves qarTu bankis
kompiuteruli sistema eleqtronulad dakavSireboda
saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisas.
10 2011 wlis 16 dekembers saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis vice prezidentma gamosca
gankarguleba 872, romliTac auditi gaaxangrZliva damatebiT 2 TviT, ese igi 2012 wlis 20 Tebervlamde. 2012 wlis 17 Tebervals gankarguleba 156-iT saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma damatebiT gaaxangrZliva auditi 2012 wlis 22 maisamde. es ukanaskneli ki isev gaxangrZlivda erovnuli bankis gankarguleba 643-iT, romelic TariRdeba 2012 wlis 21 maisiT.
18
55. b-ni ivaniSvilis mier progres bankis aqciebis SeZenidan mokle
xanSi, es bankic daeqvemdebara msgavs ukanono audits, romelic
gaxangrZlivebulia 2012 wlis 31 dekembramde11.
(iii) qarTu bankisaTvis dakisrebuli politikuri
jarimebi
56. 2012 wlis 12 marts, saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam daajarima
qarTu banki 822,040 lariT (500,000 aSS dolari) TiTqosda
ganxorcielebuli politikuri Semowirulobis gamo, ramac
viTomda saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb
organuli kanonis 26-e muxli daarRvia (“kanoni politikuri
gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb”). Bbanki dajarimda mxolod imisaTvis,
rom man gadauxada bonusebi wamyvan TanamSromlebs, raTa
SeenarCunebina isini saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mier bankis
saqmianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebis periodSi. bonusebi
SesabamisobaSi iyo sawarmoo normebTan. qarTu banks ar
ganuxorcielebia Semowiruloba arcerTi politikuri
partiisaTvis; arc mis (politikuri partiis) TanamSromlebs
miuRiaT premia-damatebebi. politikuri gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb
kanonis sityvasityviTi ganmartebis 12 pirobebSic ki, ar iyo
aranairi gonivruli safuZveli imisa, rom kontrolis palatas
gamoevlina raime darRveva qarTu bankis mxridan am
kanondeblobis farglebSi. ufro metic, meTodi, romliTac
saqarTvelos sasamarTloebma mogvianebiT daakanones jarima iyo
usamarTlo da warmoadgens marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmas. 11 saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis vice prezidentis 2011 wlis 17 noembris
gankarguleba 814; saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis vice prezidentis 2011 wlis 30 noembris gankarguleba 841; saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis vice prezidentis 2012 wlis 29 Tebervlis gankarguleba 184; saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis vice prezidentis 2012 wlis 31 maisis gankarguleba 681.
12 Tavad kanoni politikuri gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb aris sakmaod saeWvo bunebis saerTaSoriso samarTlis kuTxiT, romelmac ganicada cvlilebebi ukanasknel TveebSi. aRniSnuli cvlilebebi miznad isaxavda b-ni ivaniSvilisTvis, rogorc xelisuflebis konkurenti ZalisTvis, politikuri uflebebis gamoyenebis xelSeSlas.
19
sabolood, qarTu bankma gadaixada es jarima sakuTari survilis
sawinaaRmdegod, raTa Tavidan aecilebina saxelmwifos mxridan
iZulebiTi xasiaTis qmedebebi.
57. aRniSnul mizezTa gamo, qarTu bankis winaaRmdeg jarimis
dakisreba arRvevs saerTaSoriso samarTals da ayenebs damatebiT
zians b-n ivaniSvils.
d. qarTu bankisa da progres bankis dayadaReba
58. qarTu bankis winaaRmdeg gatarebul RonisZiebebTan erTad,
mTavrobam jarima daakisra piradad b-n ivaniSvils, ramac
gamoiwvia aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros mier rogorc qarTu
bankis, ise b-ni ivaniSvilis wilis dayadaReba progres bankSi.
(i) b-n ivaniSvilze dakisrebuli politikuri jarimebi
59. 2012 wlis 7 ivniss, saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam mimarTa
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqosda b-
nma ivaniSvilma daarRvia politikuri gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb
kanoni im kompaniebis meSveobiT, romlebic saxelmwifos azriT
asocirdebian masTan 13 . sasamarTlom b-n ivaniSvils 24 saaTze
naklebi dro misca, raTa momzadebuliyo sasamarTlos mTavari
sxdomisaTvis. imave dReebSi, b-n ivaniSvils daekisra jarima
74,325,065 laris (44.9 milioni aSS dolari) odenobiT.
60. jarimebi aris metismetad gadaWarbebuli da saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis daskvnebi am saqmeSi mravali TvalsazrisiT aris
usafuZvlo, rogorc es aRwerilia (mokled) qvemoT mocemul “e”
nawilSi.
(ii) qarTu bankisa da progres bankis dayadaReba
13 Sps burji da Sps elita burji
20
61. b-nma ivaniSvilma uari ganacxada ukanono jarimebis gadaxdaze.
2012 wlis 2 ivliss aRsrulebis erovnulma biurom daiwyo
warmoeba, raTa daeyadaRebina b-ni ivaniSvilis 21.7% aqciebi
progres bankSi. biurom aseve daayadaRa qarTu bankis 100%
aqciebi, acxadebda ra, rom qarTu banki isev ekuTvnoda b-n
ivaniSvils, miuxedavad imisa, rom 2012 wlis 30 aprils man
gayida qarTu jgufSi (qarTu bankis deda kompania) arsebuli misi
wili.
62. 2012 wlis 10 ivliss aRsrulebis erovnulma biurom onlain
auqcionze gaitana orive bankis aqciebi, magram procesma ver
moizida vercerTi myidveli. meore dRes aRsrulebis erovnulma
biurom gamoacxada, rom awesebda saxelmwifo kontrols orive
bankze, daayadaRa ra rogorc qarTu banki (romlis mesakuTreebi
iyvnen ucxoeli investorebi, romlebic daisajnen b-ni
ivaniSvilisTvis dakisrebuli jarimebis gamo), ise b-ni
ivaniSvilis 21.7%-iani aqciebis paketi progres bankSi14.
63. xolo mas Semdeg, rac 2012 wlis 25 ivliss b-nma ivaniSvilma
Seswira saxelmwifo biujets 80,000,000 lari, raTa daxmareboda
momxdari wyaldidobiT dazaralebul mosaxleobas, aRsrulebis
erovnulma biurom mosxna saxelmwifo kontroli qarTu banksa
da progres bankze. ramdenadac Bb-ni ivaniSvilis winaaRmdeg
dakisrebuli jarimebi ukanono iyo saqarTvelosa da
saerTaSoriso samarTlis kuTxiT, iZulebiTi aRsrulebis
RonisZiebanic, romelic mimarTuli iyo misi investiciebis
winaaRmdeg aseve iyo ukanono.
e. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier marTlmsajulebaze
uaris Tqma
14 ixileT saqarTvelos erovnuli saaRsruleblo biuros 2011 wlis 11 ivlisis
angariSi: http://nbe.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=32&info_id=5369
21
64. sagadasaxado yadaRis kanonebis amoqmedebisa da qarTu bankSi
datvirTul aqtivebze maTi gamoyenebis Semdeg, bankma Seitana
uamravi gancxadeba saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi, moiTxovda ra (i)
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebs bankis sasargeblod
datvirTuli aqtivebis auqcionis an gayidvis SeCerebis mizniT; da
(ii) sagadasaxado yadaRebisa da ukanono auqcionebis baTilad
cnobas. b-nma ivaniSvilma aseve gaasaCivra piradad masze
dakisrebuli jarimebic, romelic warmoadgenda qarTu bankisa da
progress bankSi misi wilebis dayadaRebis safuZvels15.
65. im safuZvlebiT, romlebic asaxulia danarTebSi Tavmoyril
saCivrebSi, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier am saqmeebis
ganxilva iyo usamarTlo, rogorc procedurulad, aseve
Sinaarsobrivad. Sedegad, saqarTvelos sasamarTloTa qmedeba,
calke aRebuli, arRvevs saqarTvelos sainvesticio
xelSekrulebebiT nakisr valdebulebebs da saerTaSoriso
samarTlis konteqstSi utoldeba marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmas.
66. magaliTisTvis, aRsrulebis erovnulma biurom b-ni ivaniSvilis
advokatebs Caabara maTi gancxadeba da TandarTuli
mtkicebulebebi (600 gverdze meti, amas damatebuli oTxi kompaqt
diski) 2012 wlis 7 ivnisis naSuadRevsa da saRamos. sasamarTlo
mosmenis drod CaniSnuli iyo Semdegi dRis dilis 10 saaTi. sxva
sityvebiT rom TqvaT, b-ni ivaniSvilis advokatebs hqondaT sufTa
10 saaTi, raTa SeeswavlaT maT winaaRmdeg arsebuli yvela
mtkicebuleba da moemzadebinaT dacviTi pozicia.
67. rogorc Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom, ise Tbilisis
saapelacio sasamarTlom uari Tqves b-ni ivaniSvilis moTxovnaze,
raTa maTTvis gamoyofiliyo meti dro saqmisTvis mosamzadeblad.
maT aseve uari Tqves miecaT raime tipis saSualeba b-ni
ivaniSvilisTvis, raTa jvaredinad daekiTxaT xelisuflebis
15 ixileT danarTi a, romelSic mocemulia relevantur samarTalwarmoebaTa cxrili.
22 1035189.03-London Server 1A - MSW
mowmeebi, romelTa gancxadebebic warmoadgendnen samarTlebrivi
devnis safuZvels.
68. sasamarTlos ganCinebebi qarTu bankisa da b-ni ivaniSvilis
winaaRmdeg adasturebs susti sasamarTlo sistemis arsebobas, rac
uaryofiTadaa Sefasebuli saerTaSoriso doneze. magaliTad,
amerikis saxelmwifo departamentis 2011 wlis adamianis uflebebis
dacvis angariSi gamoyofs, rom saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebebis
dacvis kuTxiT erT-erTi ZiriTadi problemaa “kanonis uzenaesobis
deficiti, iseTi, rogoricaa sasamarTlos damoukideblobis
uzrunvelyofa da saTanado dacvis procesis samarTliani
gamoyeneba”16.
III . iurisdiqcia xelSekrulebis mixedviT
69. saqarTvelos qmedeba warmoSobs pasuxismgeblobas, romlis
safuZvelsac warmoadgens 1997 wlis 3 Tebervals safrangeTis
respublikis mTavrobasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris
dadebuli “investiciebis mxardaWerisa da ormxrivi dacvis
Sesaxeb xelSekruleba” (SemdgomSi “xelSekruleba”) da aseve
saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTali17.
70. b-ni ivaniSvili aris safrangeTis moqalaqe da maSasadame,
xelSekrulebis muxli 1(2)18-is miznebisTvis - frangi erovnebis.
71. 2012 wlis 30 aprilamde b-ni ivaniSvili iyo qarTu bankis
mTliani da erTaderTi beneficiari mesakuTre. igi aseve flobs
s.s progres bankis aqciebis 21.7%-s. 16 amerikis saxelmwifo departamenti, demokratiis biuro, adamianis uflebebi. saqarTvelos angariSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebze (2011)
17 xelSekruleba ZalaSi Sevida 2000 wlis 13 aprils: ixileT: http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=356&lang_id=ENG
18 xelSekrulebis muxli 1(2)-is Tanaxmad: termini ”moqalaqeebi”gulisxmobs fizikur pirebs, romelTac aqvT xelSekrulebis erT-erTi mxaris erovneba”. frangul versiaSi: "Le terme de 'nationaux' désigne les personnes physiques possédant la nationalité de l'une des Parties contractantes."
23
72. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, b-ni ivaniSvilis qarTu bankisa da
progres bankis saaqcio kapitalis wili aris daculi investicia,
romlis muxli 1(1)-iT “investicia” gansazRvrulia, rogorc
“yvela aqtivi, saqoneli, nebismieri ufleba da kerZod, magram
ara amomwuravad……..(b) aqciebi, aqciebis premiebi da monawileobis
sxva formebi, Tundac mciredi an arapirdapiri, xelSekrulebis
erT-erTi mxaris teritoriaze arsebul kompaniebSi.”19
73. maSasadame, mocemuli dava aris sainvesticio dava, erTis mxriv,
safrangeTis moqalaqesa da, meores mxriv, saqarTvelos Soris.
xelSekrulebis me-7 muxli exeba savaldebulo arbitraJs ICSID
konvenciis Sesabamisad.
IV. xelSekrulebis darRveva
74. mocemuli Setyobinebis II nawilSi aRwerili qmedebebi arRvevs
saqarTvelos mier xelSekrulebiT nakisr valdebulebebs, maT
Soris (SeuzRudavad) me-3, me-4 da me-5 muxlebSi mocemul
garantiebs.
75. ormxrivi sainvesticio xelSekrulebis 3(1) muxli saqarTvelos
avaldebulebs b-ni ivaniSvilis investiciebs moepyros
samarTlianad da Tanasworad. igi adgens:
TiToeuli monawile mxare Tavis teritoriasa da
sazRvao zonaSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebis
Sesabamisad daicavs samarTlian da
19 frangulad: "Le terme 'investissement' désigne tous les avoirs, tels que les biens, droits et intérêts de toutes natures et, plus particulièrement mais non exclusivement: . . . b) Les actions, primes d'émission et autres formes de participation, même minoritaires ou indirectes, aux sociétés constituées sur le territoire de l'une des Parties contractantes
igive safuZvelze, mocemuli dava aseve kvalificirdeba rogorc dava “uSualod gamomdinare investiciidan” zemoT aRniSuli konvenciis muxli 25(1)-is konteqstis Tanaxmad.
24
Tanasworuflebian reJims – meore monawile mxaris
moqalaqeebis an sazogadoebebis mier
ganxorcielebuli kapitaldabandebebis mimarT da
uzrunvelyofs, rom amgvarad aRiarebuli uflebis
gamoyenebas ar Seeqmneba kanonieri Tu faqtiuri
winaaRmdegoba.20
76. ormxrivi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis me-4 muxli b-n
ivaniSvilis investiciebsa da masTan dakavSirebul saqmianobebs
(arbitraJisTvis mimarTvis CaTvliT) aniWebs mopyrobis erovnuli
reJimisa da erovnuli mopyrobis yvelaze xelsayreli reJimis
uflebas. igi adgens:
TiToeuli monawile mxare Tavis teritoriasa da
sazRvao zonaSi meore mxaris moqalaqeebsa da
sazogadoebebs, maT investiciebsa da investiciebTan
dakavSirebul saqmianobas Seufardebs imaze
aranakleb xelSemwyob reJims, vidre Tavisi
moqalaqeebis an sazogadoebebisTvis da ufro
upiratesi reJimis mqone saxelmwifoebis
moqalaqeebisTvisaa miniWebuli, Tuki igi ufro
xelsayrelia.21
20 frangulad:
Chacune des Parties contractantes s'engage à assurer, sur son territoire et dans sa zone maritime, un traitement juste et équitable, conformément aux principes du Droit international, aux investissements des nationaux et sociétés de l'autre Partie et à faire en sorte que l'exercice du droit ainsi reconnu à un traitement juste et équitable ne soit entravé ni en droit, ni en fait.
21 frangulad:
Chaque Partie contractante applique, sur son territoire et dans sa zone maritime, aux nationaux ou sociétés de l'autre Partie, en ce qui concerne leurs investissements et activités liées à ces investissements, un traitement non moins favorable que celui accordé à ses nationaux ou sociétés, ou le traitement accordé aux nationaux ou sociétés de la nation la plus favorisée, si celui-ci est plus avantageux.
25
77. xelSekrulebis me-4 muxlis Tanaxmad, b-ni ivaniSvili itovebs
uflebas ixelmZRvanelos saqarTveloSi moqmedi sxva
sainvesticio xelSekrulebebis ufro xelsayreli pirobebiT, maT
Soris am xelSekrulebebSi mocemuli davebis gadawyvetis ufro
xelsayreli pirobebiT22.
78. xelSekrulebis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo valdebulia
uzrunvelyos b-ni ivaniSvilis investiciebis sruli dacva da
usafrTxoeba. mocemuli xelSekrulebiT ikrZaleba saqarTvelos
mier am investiciebis eqspropriacia, garda sazogadoebrivi
saWiroebiT gamowveuli SemTxvevisa, aradiskriminaciul
safuZvelze eqsproprirebuli dauzianebeli qonebis realuri
sabazro Rirebulebis gadaxdis pirobiT (e.i. Rirebulebis
nebismieri Semcireba, romelic gamowveuli iqneba saxelmwifos
ukanono qmedebiT an misgan gamomdinare safrTxiT, gamoricxul
unda iqnes). me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad:
erT-erTi monawile mxaris moqalaqeebisa da
sazogadoebebis mier ganxorcielebuli
kapitaldabandebani sargebloben meore monawile
mxaris teritoriaze an sazRvao zonaSi usafrTxoebis
sruli da mTliani dacviT.
monawile mxareTagan erTi mxare meore mxaris
moqalaqeebisa da sazogadoebebis, aseve maTi kuTvnili
22 davis gadawyvetis sxva ufro xelsayreli pirobebi moicavs (SezRudvis gareSe) im pirobebs, romeli pirobebic mocemulia 1998 wlis 3 Tebervals niderlandebis samefosa da saqarTvelos Soris investiciebis waxalisebisa da ormxrivi dacvis xelSekrebulebaSi (niderlandebi-saqarTvelos BIT xelSekruleba), romlis me-9 muxli aZlevs uflebas holandiel investorebs saqarTveloSi awarmoon saarbitraJo procedurebi 1965 wlis ICSID konvenciis Tanaxmad davis mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebis winaswari mcdelobis gareSe. winamdebare SetyobinebaSi mSvidobian molaparakebaze msgavsi SeTavazeba, an ivaniSvilis mier gakeTebuli SeTavazeba aris keTili nebis gamoxatva da ar gamomdinareobs ivaniSvilze dakisrebuli valdebulebebidan an ICSID arbitraJis winapirobebidan.
26
investiciebis mimarT TavianT teritoriasa da sazRvao
zonaSi ar mimarTaven eqspropriaciisa Tu
nacionalizaciis zomebs, an yovel im zomas, romelsac
pirdapir Tu arapirdapir qonebis CamorTmevis
tolfasi Sedegi eqneba, Tuki es zomebi saWiro ar
iqneba sazogadoebrivi interesis dasacavad. amasTan im
pirobiT, rom isini arc diskriminaciuli iqneba da
arc calkeuli valdebulebebis sawinaaRmdego.
mosalodnel qonebis CamorTmevis yvela zomas Tan
unda daerTos swrafi da adeqvaturi kompensacia,
romlic odenobac ganisazRvreba investiciis realuri
Rirebulebis Sesabamisad. investiciis Sefaseba unda
moxdes normaluri ekonomikuri mdgomareobis dros,
qonebis CamorTmevis saSiSroebis wamoWramde.
es anazRaureba, gadasaxadis odenoba da gadaxdis
pirobebi unda dadgindes ara ugvianes qonebis
CamorTmevis TariRisa. unda arsebobdes kompensaciis
daubrkoleblad ganxorcielebis saSualeba,
Seferxebis gareSe moxdes misi gadaxda da iyos
Tavisuflad transferebadi, Sesabamisi sabazro
kursis mixedviT mas gadaxdis TariRamde ericxeba
procenti.23
23 frangul teqstSi:
1. Les investissements effectués par des nationaux ou sociétés de l'une ou l'autre des Parties contractantes bénéficient, sur le territoire et dans la zone maritime de l'autre Partie contractante, d'une protection et d'une sécurité pleines et entières.
2. Les Parties contractantes ne prennent pas de mesures d'expropriation ou de nationalisation ou toutes autres mesures dont l'effet est de déposséder, directement ou indirectement les nationaux et sociétés de l'autre Partie des investissements leur appartenant sur leur territoire et dans leur zone maritime, si ce n'est pour cause d'utilité publique et à condition que ces mesures ne soient ni discriminatoires, ni contraires à un engagement particulier.
Toutes les mesures de dépossession qui pourraient être prises doivent donner lieu au paiement d'une indemnité prompte et adéquate dont le montant, égal à la valeur réelle des investissements concernés,
27
79. saqarTvelos mier xelSekrulebis darRvevam b-n ivaniSvils
arsebiTi ziani miayena, romlis odenobis dadgena SesaZlebelia
molaparakebis gziT an saarbitraJo warmoebis meSveobiT,
rogorc ufro mosaxerxebeli iqneba.
V. moTxovnili anazRaureba
80. b-ni ivaniSvili iTxovs zianis srul anazRaurebas mis mimarT
ganxorcielebuli ukanono qmedebebis gamo, xelSekrulebisa da
saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis safuZvelze. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi, reparacia/kompensacia unda moicavdes zianis, aseve
moraluri zianis anazRaurebas, romelic miadga b-n ivaniSvils
saqarTvelos mier xelSekrulebis darRvevis gamo.
VI. moTxovna mSvidobian molaprakebaze
81. saqarTvelosTvis ukve ramdenime Tvea cnobilia im faqtebis
Sesaxeb, romlebmac warmoSva es sajaro dava. marTlac, dava
warmoSva b-ni ivaniSvilis winaaRmdeg mimarTulma saxelmwifos
qmedebebma, romelic daiwyo jer kidev 2011 wlis oqtomberSi da
romlis aRmofxvris SesaZlebloba saxelmwifom ar gamoiyena,
miuxedavad uamravi saSualebisa da araerTi mimarTvisa.
82. aRniSnuli winaswari mimarTvebi moicavs oficialur saCivrebs
parlamentis winaSe, sajaro gancxadebebs, werilebs Sesabamisi
saxelmwifo organoebis mimarT (saqarTvelos erovnuli banki,
finansTa saministro, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro da
prokuratura), iseve, rogorc mraval sasamarTlo warmoebas
doit être évalué par rapport à une situation économique normale et antérieure à toute menace de dépossession.
Cette indemnité, son montant et ses modalités de versement sont fixés au plus tard à la date de la dépossession. Cette indemnité est effectivement réalisable, versée sans retard et librement transférable. Elle produit, jusqu'à la date de versement, des intérêts calculés au taux d'intérêt de marché approprié.
28
qarTul sasamarTloebSi Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebis
winaaRmdeg 24 . aRniSnuli Zalisxmevis garda, adgili hqonda
araerT uSedego mcdelobas epovaT xelisuflebamde misasvleli
gza mesame pirTa da organizaciaTa meSveobiT, rogoric aris
msoflio banki, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi da saerTaSoriso
savaWro palata25. miuxedavad yoveli Zalisxmevisa, sakiTxi rCeba
gadauWreli.
83. Sesabamisad, raime damatebiTi Txovna megobrul molaparakebebze,
TiTqmis darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom uSedego iqneba,
gansakuTrebiT xelisuflebis mkveTri kampaniis fonze, romelic
mimarTulia b-ni ivaniSvilis winaaRmdeg.
84. imis miuxedavad, rom eWvqveS ar dgeba b-ni ivaniSvilis ufleba
daiwyos ICSID saarbitraJo dava raime damatebiTi pirobis
wamoyenebis an saqarTvelosaTvis Setyobinebis gareSe, b-ni
ivaniSvili saqarTvelos aZlevs ukanasknel SesaZleblobas
keTilsindisierad CaerTos davis gadawyvetis ganxilvebSi. b-ni
24 ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos finansuri
monitoringis samsaxuris ufross, 2011 wlis 31 oqtomberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidents, 2011 wlis 1 noemberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidents, 2011 wlis 18 noemberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidents, 2011 wlis 30 dekemberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sabWos, 2011 wlis 30 dekemberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Zveli Tbilisis raionuli departamentis me-7 ganyofilebis ufross, 2011 wlis 12 dekemberi; ss qarTu bankis direqtoris pirveli moadgilis werili Zveli Tbilisis raionis prokurors, 2012 wlis 9 marti; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidents, 2012 wlis 8 ivnisi; sainformacio memorandumi saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels, 2012 wlis 24 aprili. aRniSnul werilTa aslebi Tan erTvis winamdebare Setyobinebas.
25 saqarTveloSi amerikis savaWro palatis werili saqarTvelos premier-ministrs, 2011 wlis 14 dekemberi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saqarTvelos sabanko asociacias, 2012 wlis 11 ivnisi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saerTaSoriso savaWro palatas, 2012 wlis 18 ivnisi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis aRmasrulebel direqtors, 2012 wlis 22 ivnisi; ss qarTu bankis generaluri direqtoris werili msoflio bankTa jgufis prezidents, 2012 wlis 22 ivnisi. aRniSnul werilTa aslebi Tan erTvis winamdebare Setyobinebas.
29
ivaniSvili iTxovs saqarTvelosgan, rom saqarTvelom b-ni
ivaniSvilis samarTlebrivi mrCevlebisaTvis 14 dRis
ganmavlobaSi werilobiTi formiT gagzavnili Setyobinebis gziT
daadasturos: (i) cnobs da aRiarebs Tu ara saqarTvelo, rom
qarTu bankisa da progres bankis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli
qmedebebi, moyvanili winamdebare Setyobinebis II nawilSi, iyo
politikurad motivirebuli; 26 da (ii) aris Tu ara saqarTvelo
mzad gadawyvitos es dava dauyovnebliv keTilsindisieri
molaparakebebiT, romelTa mizania b-n ivaniSvilze miyenebuli
zianis daTvla da anazRaureba moxdes saerTaSoriso samarTlis
Sesabamisad. b-ni ivaniSvilis warmomadgenlebi mzad arian
Sexvdnen mTavrobis wevrebs am periodis ganmavlobaSi, Tu
saqarTvelos mxridan SetyobinebaSi mocemuli informaciis
garda, damatebiTi informaciis wardgena iqneba moTxovnili.
85. b-ni ivaniSvili itovebs uflebas daiwyos ICSID saarbitraJo
saqmiswarmoeba nebismier dros xelSekrulebis me-7 muxlis
safuZvelze, damatebiTi Setyobinebis gareSe, imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelo didi xania aris davis saqmis
kursSi qarTu bankis meSveobiT gacxadebuli saCivrebis gziTa
da xelisuflebis bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic awarmoebs
mizanmimarTul kampanias mis winaaRmdeg, rac absurduls xdis
mosazrebas, rom xelisuflebas surs urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT
gadawyvitos aRniSnuli dava. ICSID saarbitraJo saqmiswarmoebis
ufleba gaTvaliswinebulia xelSekrulebis pirobebiT, aq
miTiTebuli molaparakebis periodis arasavaldebulo xasiaTiTa
da davis gadawyvetis ufro xelsayreli proceduriT, romelic
dadgenilia saqarTvelos mier sxva sainvesticio
26 es SekiTxva miznad isaxavs xelisuflebis davalebis gamartivebas da misi keTilsindisierebis dadgenas. is ar unda iyos aRqmuli, rogorc saqarTvelos pasuxismgeblobis farglebis SezRudva xelSekrulebisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad.
30
xelSekrulebebiT, niderlandebsa da saqarTvelos Soris
dadebuli sainvesticio xelSekrulebis me-9 muxlis CaTvliT.
86. am SetyobinebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela komunikacia unda
gaigzavnos Semdeg misamarTze:
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
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