jariskacis individualuri sabrZolo momzadeba

nawili I

ZiriTadi principebi

1. mizani winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia jariskacis individualuri momzadebisaTvis. misi meSveobiT calkeuli jariskaci Seiswavlis, Tu rogor Seasrulos mis winaSe dasaxuli amocana brZolis velze, daicvas sakuTari Tavi da SeinarCunos brZolisunarianoba. amasTan erTad, gaecnoba sajariso dazvervis ZiriTad principebs, rac uzrunvelyofs mowinaaRmdegis gauvnebelyofasa da mis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani informaciis mopovebas.

2. Sinaarsi saxelmZRvanelo moicavs informacias calkeuli jariskacis ZiriTadi sabrZolo amocanebis Sesaxeb.

3. ganmartebebi a. ganmartebebi: 1) traeqtoriis kona _ ewodeba tyviebis (Wurvebis) im traeqtoriebis erTobliobas, romlebic miiReba maTi bunebrivi gafantvis Sedegad; 2) sacecxle pozicia _ sainJinro TvalsazrisiT winaswar mowyobili adgilia, romelic gankuTvnilia SeiaraRebiTa da teqnikiT cecxlis warmoebisaTvis; 3) cecxlis gaxsnis maqsimaluri zRude _ iseTi savaraudo xazia, saidanac xmeleTze ganlagebuli yvela sistemis iaraRis maqsimaluri moqmedebis manZili iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli. 4) gafantvis farTobi _ ewodeba farTobs, romelzec ganawildebian tyviebis (Wurvebis) moxvedris wertilebi (natyviarebi). gafantvis farTobs, rogorc wesi, aqvs elifsis forma; 5) srola siRrmeSi _ aris srola siRrmiseulad ganlagebul miznebze vertikalur sibrtyeSi anu manZilze gafantviT; 6) eleqtromagnituri impulsi _ aris eleqtruli potencialis intensiuri rxeva, msgavsad eleqtromagnituri talRis Zalis mqone radiosignalisa; 7) almaceri srola _ aris srola miznis grZeli RerZis mimarT garkveuli kuTxiT; 8) dabrkoleba _ dabrkolebebs miekuTvneba klimaturi pirobebi, amindi, bunebrivi da xelovnuri nagebobebi, romlebic aferxeben gadaadgilebasa da manevrirebas, ayovneben maT an aiZuleben Secvalon mimarTuleba; 9) srola frontze gafantviT _ aseTi srola warmoebs farTo miznebze, horizontalur sibrtyeSi gafantviT; 10) saTvalTvalo punqti _ pozicia saTvalTvalo raionSi, saidanac smeniT an vizualurad fiqsirdeba mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebebi; 11) naRmi _ ZiriTadad, asafeTqebeli an sxva saxis nivTierebaa, romelic moTavsebulia raime WurWelSi (taraSi). naRmis daniSnulebaa saxmeleTo, sazRvao da sahaero saSualebebis ganadgureba, reliefis formis Secvla, cocxali Zalis ganadgureba an dazianeba maTi mwyobridan gamoyvanis mizniT; 12) mofarebuli sivrce _ tyviagaumtar safris iqiT arsebul sivrces, safris wverodan Sexvedris wertilamde, mofarebuli sivrce ewodeba; 14) mkvdari (dauzianebeli) sivrce _ ewodeba mofarebuli sivrcis nawils, sadac mocemuli traeqtoriiT miznis dazianeba SeuZlebelia; 15) perioduli gazomva _ qveiTi (meqanizebuli) oceulis zonaSi radiaciuli donis xSiri gazomva _ sul cota saaTSi erTxel; 16) gasamizni srola _ gasamizni srolis Sedegad miiRweva samizne mowyobilobis iseTi monacemebi, rodesac gafantvis farTobi ar scdeba miznis ganlagebis adgils (zonas); 17) damoukidebeli srola _ srola iseT miznebze, romelis moiTxovs lulis Semobrunebisa da amaRlebis swraf cvlasa da swraf sacecxle zemoqmedebas; 18) xangrZlivi gazomva _ radiaciuli gazomva, romelic mudmivad xorcieldeba oceulis raionSi an mis sacecxle poziciebze; 19) sruli Casangreba _ aris mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisa da cecxlis zonaSi moxvedrili jariskacis mier Tavdacvis mizniT ganxorcielebuli moqmedeba; 20) gamcxrilavi srola _ aris srola iseT miznebze, romelic moiTxovs lulis Semobrunebis swraf, xolo misi amaRlebis mcire cvlas;

21) saxifaTo raioni _ adgilmdebareobis monakveTia, sadac cecxlsasroli iaraRiT gasrolili tyviebis traeqtoriaTa nawilis simaRle ar aRemateba miznis simaRles (1,8 m); 22) Tavmoyrili cecxli _ srola, romelic xorcieldeba wetilovan miznebze; 23)Dfenili cecxli _ srola, romelic ar aRemateba miwidan 1 metr simaRles;. 24) dazianebis radiusi _ aris raioni, sadac yvelaze metad SeiZleba daziandnen meomrebi Wurvis (naRmis) afeTqebiT.

4. kompetencia da pasuxismgeblobasaxelmZRvanelo momzadebulia saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis

Tavdacvis erovnul akademiaSi.

5. principebi samxedro operaciis dawyebamde da operaciis msvlelobisas mTeli piradi Semadgenloba xelmZRvanelobs mocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi gansazRvruli kriteriumebis Sesabamisad.

nawili II

safari, SeniRbva da kamuflireba

1. zogadi sakiTxebi mowinaaRmdegem jariskaci rom ar aRmoaCinos da daazianos, saWiroa SeniRbva, xolo srolis SemTxvevaSi _ safarSi Sesvla. sabrZolo poziciaze Tu ar arsebobs bunebrivi SeniRbva da safari, yvela jariskacma igi bunebrivi da tabeluri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT unda moamzados. man bunebrivi da tabeluri saSualebebiT unda SeiniRbos sxeuli, sabrZolo aRWurviloba da iaraRi. saxelmZRvanelos meore nawilSi ganxilulia safrisa da SeniRbvis momzadebasa da gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

2. safari safari uzrunvelyofs dacvas rogorc msubuqi iaraRiT srolis dros, Srapnelis namsxvrevebis gafantvisas, cecxlis wakidebis dros, aseve birTvuli iaraRis, qimiuri da biologiuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. amave dros, safari exmareba jariskacs daemalos mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvals. safari SesaZlebelia iyos bunebrivi da xelovnuri.

nax. 2-1 sangris tipis safari nax. 2-2 gadaxuruli sabrZolo pozicia

bunebriv safars ganekuTvneba: moWrili xis morebi, xeebi, xis fesvebi, ormoebi, viwro da Rrma xeobebi (nax. 2-1). xelovnurs ki miekuTvneba: sabrZolo poziciebi, sangrebi (nax. 2-2), kedlebi, RorRi. safris roli, garkveulwilad, SeiZleba Seasrulos patara nangrevebmac da ormoebmac. amitom saWiroa maTi moZebna da gamoyeneba. brZolaSi saWiroa Tavdacva mowinaaRmdegis rogorc fenili, aseve kiduli cecxlisagan. am mizniT, brZolis velze arsebuli bunebrivi safris garda, Sendeba damatebiTi TavdacviTi nagebobebi.

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Setevis an marSis dros, mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan TavdacvisaTvis, gamoiyeneba iseTi marSruti, romelic uzrunvelyofs dafarvas. viwro da Rrma xeobebi, sangrebi, gorakebi, xeebiani adgilebi, kedlebi da sxva safari xels uSlis mowinaaRmdeges, awarmoos TvalTvali da gamoiyeneba misi cecxlisagan Tavdasacavad (nax. 2-3). maqsimalurad unda moveridoT gaSlil adgilze, gorakebsa da mTis Txemebze sul mcire Crdilis dacemasac ki.

nax. 2-3 gadaadgileba viwro da Rrma xeobaSi

3. SeniRbva jariskacma unda gamoiyenos yvelaferi, rac mas mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisgan daicavs. samalavi, safris msgavsad, SeiZleba arsebobdes bunebrivi da xelovnuri. SeniRbvis bunebrivi saSualebebia: buCqnari, balaxi, xeebi da Crdilebi. bunebrivi SeniRbva, SeZlebisamebr, ar unda daziandes. SeniRbvis xelovnuri saSualebebia: saomari samosi (aRWurviloba), SesaniRbavi badeebi, saRebavi; agreTve, nivTierebebi, romliTac SeiZleba saxis dafarva (miwac ki). xelovnuri SeniRbvis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia bunebrivTan erTad. ganaTebis, xmauris, moZraobisa da SeniRbvis disciplinis dacva, aseve, xels uwyobs SeniRbvas. ganaTebis normebis dacva gulisxmobs, rom sigareti ar mowion Ria adgilze, xelis farniT ar daaTvalieron midamo, ar gamoiyenon transportis farebi. xmaurze kontrolis uzrunvelyofa gulisxmobs imas, rom qvedanayofis moZraobiT gamowveulma xmaurma ar miaRwios mowinaaRmdegemde (mag.: iaraRis Cxarunis xma da sxv.); SeZlebisdagvarad, brZolis dros erTmaneTTan dasakavSireblad gamoyenebuli unda iqnes uxmo meTodebi (Jestikulacia). moZraobis normebis darRvevad CaiTvleba: sabrZolo moqmedebis midamoebSi saWiroebis gareSe gadaadgileba, iseTi gasasvlelebis gamoyeneba, romelTac ara aqvT safari da SeniRbva. TavdacvisTvis mzaddeba kargad SeniRbuli sabrZolo adgili. Setevisas sxeuli da aRWurviloba SeiniRbeba SeniRbvis saSualebebiT. mowinaaRmdegesTan miaxloeba xorcieldeba tyiani an SeniRbuli adgilebidan. Setevis an Tavdacvis SemTxvevaSi mxolod Ramis sibnele ver daicavs jariskacs, radganac Ramis xedvis xelsawyoebi da sxva specialuri sistemebi, romlebsac mowinaaRmdege flobs, saSualebas aZlevs mas, aRmoaCinos mowinaaRmdege rogorc dRisiT, aseve RamiT. a. TiToeulma jariskacma SeniRbvis dros yuradReba unda miaqcios Semdeg sakiTxebs: 1) samalavad unda gamoviyenoT garemos yvela bunebrivi Tavisebureba; 2) saWiroa ganxorcieldes Tavdacva mowinaaRmdegis mier haeridan da xmeleTidan warmoebuli TvalTvalisagan; 3) win gadaadgilebisas, gamoyenebuli unda iqnes adgilmdebareobaze arsebuli yvela bunebrivi gza; 4) sabrZolo moqmedebis dros winsvla unda ganxorcieldes gadarbenebiT; 5) dabali buCqebis gamoyenebisas, TvalTvali unda warmoebdes buCqebs Soris da ara buCqebs zemodan; 6) ufro ukeT saTvalTvalod, saWiroa iseTi adgilebis povna, romlebic saSualebas iZleva ganxorcieldes TvalTvali win; 7) gadaadgilebisas saWiroa adgilis winaswar Seswavla da iq yvelaze moxerxebuli da faruli gziT misvla; 8) Tavidan unda iqnes acilebuli horizontze siluetis gamoCena;

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9) maqsimalurad unda vecadoT, rom sxeuli rac SeiZleba naklebad gamoirCeodes garemos fonze; 10) jariskacma ar unda datovos kvali mis mier dakavebuli adgilis datovebis Semdeg; 11) mniSvnelovania adgilmdebareobis SerCeva, kanis, Cafxutis, iaraRis, aRWurvilobis mbzinavi nawilebis SeniRbva da formis Secvla; 12) TiToeuli jariskacis SesaniRbavad sayuradReboa moqmedebaTa qvemoT mocemuli CamonaTvali: a) Cafxutis SeniRbva; b) aRWurvilobisa da tansacmlis SeniRbva; g) poziciis SeniRbva; d) mbzinavi sagnebis (saaTi, saTvale, beWedi) SeniRbva; e) kanis SeniRbva; v) iaraRis SeniRbva. b. iaraRisa da poziciebis SeniRbva: 1) SeirCeva adgili, sadac SeiZleba davalebis yvelaze ukeT Sesruleba; 2) gamoiyeneba bunebrivi da xelovnuri SesaniRbi masala (nax. 2-4); 3) gamoiyeneba Sesaferisi zomisa da feris SaliTebi da badeebi. maT miekuTvneba: a) dasakeci SaliTa; b) saketiani SaliTa; g) iaraRis bude.

nax. 2-4 zogierTi iaraRis SeniRbva

g. satransporto saSualebebis SeniRbva: 1) unda waiSalos transportis kvali an gamoyenebuli iqnes Zveli, ukve arsebuli kvali; 2) mbzinavi nawilebi unda daifaros an SeniRbos; 3) transporti unda daimalos Crdilian adgilebSi, sinaTlis mimarTulebis SecvlisTanave, masac unda Seecvalos adgili; 4) satransporto saSualebebi gafantuli unda iyos; 5) gamoyenebuli unda iqnes faruli gzebi. d. banakisa da sameTauro (marTvis) punqtebis SeniRbva: 1) uzrunvelsayofia banakisa da sameTauro (marTvis) punqtebis ganTavseba. manZili or karavs Soris unda iyos 18m-ze naklebi, satransporto saSualebebs Soris _ (normaluri mcenareuli safaris mqone adgilze) _ 30m-ze, xolo Ria adgilze _ 100m-ze naklebi; 2) gamoyenebuli unda iqnes ukve arsebuli kvali; 3) samzareulos zonaSi yuradReba unda mieqces saWmlis sunis gavrcelebas; 4) daculi unda iqnas xmaurisa da sinaTlis disciplina;

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qsovilis lentSi gaxveuli avtomati

figurebiT moxatuli avtomati

SaSxana, romlis mbzinavi zedapiritalaxiTaa dafaruli

5) banakis mier dakavebuli adgilis datovebis Semdeg, am ukanasknels unda daubrundes pirvandeli mdgomareoba.

4. kamuflireba kamuflireba xdeba yvelanairi masaliT, romelic gamoiyeneba jariskacis aRWurvilobisa da sacecxle poziciis dasafaravad. kamuflirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba bunebrivi da xelovnuri masalebi. kamuflaJi ganuwyvetliv icvleba da srulyofili xdeba. am cvlilebebisa da ganviTarebis tempi damokidebulia klimatur pirobebsa da gamoyenebul masalaze. bunebrivi SesaniRbi saSualebebi umTavresad Wkneba da efeqts veRar axdens. xelovnuri SesaniRbi masalac aseve SeiZleba daZveldes da gaxundes. aseT SemTxvevebSi jariskaci, aRWurviloba da pozicia ukve aRar iqneba garemosTan misadagebuli. es ki gauadvilebs mowinaaRmdeges Cveni adgilsamyofelis povnas.

5. sakiTxebi, romelTac yuradReba unda mieqces SeniRbvisa da kamuflirebis dros a. yuradRebas ipyrobs moZraoba: Jestebis gamoyenebisas an poziciaze gadaadgilebisas, SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT Zalian Sor manZilzedac ki SeiZleba moZraobis SemCneva. Tavdacvisas mizani mcirdeba da moZraoba dasaSvebia mxolod aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi. Setevisas ki mowinaaRmdegesTan miaxloveba warmoebs iseTi misadgomebiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs SeniRbvasa da dafarvas. b. poziciebi ar unda mdebareobdes iseT adgilebSi, sadac mowinaaRmdege SeZlebs maT aRmoCenas: poziciebi unda ganlagdes mTis ferdobebidan, gzajvaredinebidan, calke mdgomi Senobebidan daSorebiT, SeniRbul da dafarul adgilebSi (nax. 2-5). Ria adgilebs ki unda veridoT.

nax. 2-5 mTis ferdobebiT dafaruli da SeniRbuli pozicia

g. poziciis landSafti (reliefi) da Crdilebi SeiZleba imis mizezi gaxdes, rom mzveravebma, rogorc haeridan, aseve miwaze, SeniSnon igi: reliefi an Crdilebi SeiZleba damaxinjdes SeniRbviT. moZraobis dros, SeZlebisdagvarad, unda visargebloT xeebis CrdilebiT (nax. 2-6).

nax. 2-6 xeTa CrdilebiT sargebloba moZraobis dros

d. sagnebis bzinvam da naTebam SesaZloa miipyros mowinaaRmdegis yuradReba: es SeiZleba iyos sibneleSi anTebuli sigareti an farani, dRisiT _ WurWlis mbzinavi zedapiridan areklili sxivi, foladis Cafxuti, majis saaTi da qamris balTa an

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wina safari

saTofuri

Seuburavi saxe. sxivi, romelic anaTebs poziciidan, SeiZleba daexmaros mowinaaRmdeges Cveni adgilmdebareobis dadgenaSi. bzinvis Sesamcireblad aRWurviloba da daufaravi kani ifareba saxis saRebaviT. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom birTvuli Tavdasxmisas muqad SeRebili kani ufro Zlierad STanTqavs gamosxivebas. amitomac igi, SeuRebav kanTan SedarebiT, ufro advilad SeiZleba daiwvas. aRWurvilobisa da transportis zedapiris gamuqeba SesaZlebelia maTze saRebavis, talaxis an raime SesaniRbavi nivTierebis wasmiT. e. yuradRebas ipyrobs gluvi formebi: foladis Cafxuti da adamianis sxeuli advilad SesamCnevia. maT Sesacvlelad da garemosTan misadagebisaTvis gamoiyeneba dasamali da SesaniRbi saSualebebi, Tumca unda veridoT gadaWarbebas.

nax. 2-7 jariskacebi niRbaven erTmaneTs nax. 2-8 SeniRbuli foladis Cafxuti

v. kanis, tansacmlisa da aRWurvilobis ferebi: Tu isini garemos ferebTan kontrastulia, es exmareba mowinaaRmdeges Cvens aRmoCenaSi. magaliTad: mwvane formaSi Cacmuli jariskacis gamorCeva TovliT dafarul adgilze Zalze advilia. sxeuli da aRWurviloba unda SeiniRbos garemos Sesabamisad (nax. 2-9).

nax. 2-9 Tovlian adgilze TeTr samosSi Cacmuli jariskacebi

z. gafantva _ mowinaaRmdegis sahaero zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT, raime teritoriaze Tavmoyrili qvedanayofebis, SeiaraRebis erTmaneTisagan saTanado manZilze dacilebaa. mowinaaRmdegisTvis ufro advilia erTad Sekrebili jariskacebis aRmoCena. mas rom amis saSualeba ar mieces, saWiroa gafantva. manZili jariskacebs Soris icvleba adgilmdebareobisa da mowinaaRmdegis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad. manZilis sidide ganisazRvreba meTauris gadawyvetilebis an qvedanayofis mudmivmoqmedi instruqciis Sesabamisad.

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nax. 2-10 jariskacebis gafantva

6. kamuflirebisa da SeniRbvis ganxorcieleba kamuflirebis dawyebamde saWiroa Seswavlil iqnes sabrZolo moqmedebis Casatarebeli raionis reliefi da mcenareuli safari. amis Semdeg poziciisaTvis SeirCeva yvelaze Sesaferisi SesaniRbavi masala. erTi raionidan meoreSi gadasvlisas, garemo pirobebis cvlilebis Sesabamisad, unda Seicvalos SeniRbvac. im adgilidan, sadac qvedanayofi imyofeba, agroveben balaxs, foTlebs, ekliani buCqebidan _ totebs, sxva masalas da yovelive amas, kamuflirebis mizniT, amagreben samxedro formasa da iaraRze. saxe da Riad darCenili kani ki iRebeba (nax. 2-11).

nax. 2-11 kamuflirebuli jariskacebi

a. sacecxle pozicia: sacecxle poziciis mowyobisas warmoebs ara marto poziciis, aramed iqidan gamotanili miwis kamuflireba (es miwa iyreba poziciis win, gverdebze, ukan da gamoiyeneba zeda safrad). imisaTvis, rom mowinaaRmdegem haeridan ver SeamCnios, saWiroa poziciis Sesasvlelis SeniRbvac. miwa, romelic sacecxle poziciis momzadebis dros zeda safrad gamoyenebis Semdeg darCeba, unda gadaiyaros poziciis ukan, Sors an Caiyaros damdgar wyalSi, dabali xeebis ZirSi (nax. 2-12). SeniRbvis dros unda davicvaT zomiereba. SesaniRbi masalis zedmetad gamoyenebam SesaZloa gamoaaSkaraos poziciis adgilmdebareoba. SesaniRbi masalis mogroveba xdeba did teritoriaze. sacecxle poziciis SesaniRbavad ar aris aucilebeli poziciis mowyobis dasruleba, es ori procesi erTdroulad xorcieldeba.

nax. 2-12 dasrulebuli SeniRbuli sacecxle pozicia

Ria feris an mbzinavi sagnebi daufaravi ar unda davtovoT. WurWeli, sarkeebi, konservis qilebi, pirsaxocebi, amasTanave, TeTri sacvlebic unda davmaloT, raTa ar gamovaCinoT kani. im SemTxvevebSi, roca SesaZlebelia anTebuli cecxlis SemCneva an kvamlis sunis

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SegrZneba, cecxli ar unda davanToT. aseve, unda waiSalos an daifaros meomrebisa da transportis gavlis kvali (nax. 2-13).

nax. 2-13 xis totebis gamoyeneba gzis dafarvisaTvis

SeniRbvis dasrulebis Semdeg, xdeba poziciis Semowmeba mowinaaRmdegis savaraudo adgilsamyoflidan _ poziciidan 35m win. amis Semdeg, periodulad xdeba imis Semowmeba, Tu ramdenad bunebrivad gamoiyureba SeniRbva da raoden saimedodaa dafaruli pozicia. roca SeniRbva uvargisi gaxdeba, igi unda Seicvalos. b. foladis Cafxuti: Cafxuti ifareba garemosferi kamuflirebuli naWriT an jvaloTi. aseTi SaliTa Cafxuts Tavisuflad Camoecmeba, boloebi miemagreba Cafxutis kideebs Tavisuflad an qveviT daekideba. es Camokiduli boloebi Cafxuts formas ucvlis. SaliTaze SeiZleba foTlebis, balaxis an totebis damagrebac naWris an rezinis lentebis, TviT rezinis an jvalos naglejebis saSualebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar gvaqvs masala foladis Cafxutis SaliTis SesaniRbavad, dasaSvebia misi SeRebva saRebaviT an talaxiT (nax. 2-14). g. tansacmeli: tansacmlis umetesoba ukve kamuflirebulia. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer aucilebelia formis ufro metad misadageba garemosTan. am mizniT, tansacmeli ifareba talaxiT an zed magrdeba foTlebi, totebi, balaxi. ATovlian adgilze moZraobisas meomrebma TeTri samosi unda Caicvan. Tu aseTi ara aqvT, SeiZleba TeTri zewrebis gamoyenebac. 1) rezinis grZeli zolebi an kanvis naWrebi gamoiyeneba bunebrivi safris dasamagreblad (yuradReba unda miaqcioT adgils, sadac magrdeba zolebi); 2) kanva uzrunvelyofs SaliTaze carieli adgilebis bunebrivi masaliT dafarvas; 3) foladis Cafxuts formas ucvlis SaliTis cariel adgilze kanvis lentebis mimagreba; 4) xorkliani zedapiri Cafxuts bzinvarebas ukargavs; 5) kanvis SaliTa, sanam masze bunebrivi masala damagrdeba, zedapiris bzinvis Tavidan asacileblad, sistematurad unda SeiRebos;

6) gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, Cafxutis mrgvali gverdebis naxatebiT Seferadeba mTel sigrZeze. es cvlis foladis Cafxutis sigluves.

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nax. 2-14 SeniRbuli foladis Cafxutebi

nax. 2-15 mbzinavi da TeTri kani aucileblad unda daiburos

d. transporti: cudad SeniRbuli transporti SeiZleba gaxdes didi danakargebis mizezi. kerZod, am dros SeiZleba ganadgurdes sabrZolo qvedanayofi, gamoaaSkaravdes taqtikuri gegma, mTlianad daingres nagebobebi. transportis SeniRbva gulisxmobs ara mxolod misi formis Secvlas bzinvis dafarviT da kvalis waSliT, aramed yvela im samxilis dafarvas da

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(4) xorkliani zedapiri Cafxuts bzinvarebas ukargavs.

(2) kanva uzrunvelyofs SaliTaze carieli adgilebis dafarvas bunebrivi masaliT.

(3) foladis Cafxuts formas ucvlis SaliTis cariel adgilze kanvis lentebis mimagreba.

(5) kanvis SaliTa, sanam masze bunebrivi masala damagrdeba, zedapiris bzinvis Tavidan asacileblad, sistematurad unda SeiRebos.

(6) gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, naxatebiani Seferadeba Cafxutis mrgvali gverdebis mTel sigrZeze, romlebic winidan Cans. es cvlis foladis CaCqnis sigluves.

(1) rezinis grZeli zolebi an kanvis naWrebi gamoiyeneba bunebrivi safris dasamagreblad (yuradReba miaqcieT adgils, sadac zolebi magrdeba).

ganadgurebas, romlebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba misi aRmoCena. arasdros unda daviviwyoT, rom yovelgvarma moZraobam SesaZloa miipyros mowinaaRmdegis mzveravebis yuradReba, rogorc haeridan, aseve miwaze. SeuZlebelia moZravi transportis damalva buCqebiT arasakmarisad dafarul monakveTebze an im gzebze, romlebic kargad Cans.

nax. 2-16 didi korpusebis Crdilebis gamoyeneba SeniRbvisaTvis

nax. 2-17 SesaniRbi manqanebis Crdilis dacema araswori zedapiris mqone sagnebze

nax. 2-18 transportis damalva xeebs Soris

10

Secdomaa

sworia

manqanas malaven xeebs Soris. Crdili rom ar gamoCndes, manqanas totebs ayrian (nax. 2-18). e. optikis SeniRbva: durbindebis, lazeruli da sxva saTvalTvalo xelsawyoebis RamiT, agreTve, mzeSi, qarsa da mtvrian amindSi gamosayenebeli saTvaleebis bzinvamac ki SeiZleba gamoaaSkaraos Tqveni adgilsamyofeli, gansakuTrebiT, udabnosa da Ria adgilebSi. Tqveni durbindebis dafarva SegiZliaT gare minebze TiTebis ise dadebiT, rom xedva ar dabrkoldes. v. saRebavi masalebi: miwa da qviSa gamoiyeneba imisTvis, raTa SeumCneveli gaxdes gawmendili teritoria da ganadgurebuli adgilebi; es bunebrivi masala kargia mravalferovani garemos, sxvadasxva formisa da fonis Sesaqmnelad. talaxiT SeiZleba daifaros iseTi mbzinavi sagnebis priali, rogorebicaa saTvale, xiSt-dana, saaTi da a.S. Tixidan, romelsac talaxis forma aqvs, Tu mas zeTs davumatebT, SeiZleba miviRoT swrafad mosamzadebeli saRebavi. 2-1 cxrilSi mocemulia am saRebavis miRebis wesi.

saRe-bavi

masala Mmomzadebis wesi feri Sedegebi

№1Mmiwa, saponi, wyali, muri, parafini.

saponi da parafini unda SevurioT erTmaneTs. davamatoT 36,5 l wyali da 225 g sapnis xsnari. bolos avurioT miwa.

muqi nacrisferi

nacrisferi, ruxi feri

№2 zeTi, Tixa, benzini, miwa.

erTmaneTs ereva 9l wyali, 4,5l zeTi, 1-2l (kg) Tixa, emateba miwa. ixsneba benzinSi an wyalSi.

miwisferi

metalze wasmuli bzinavs, sxva SemTxvevaSi muqi ruxia.

№3zeTi, wyali, miwa, Tixa, saponi.

erTmaneTSi aireva 1,5 naWeri saponi, 13 l wyali, 4,5l (kg) zeTi, 4,5 l Tixa. feris misacemad emateba miwa.

miwisferi

liTonze wasmuli bzinavs, danarCen SemTxvevebSi muqi ruxia.

cxr. 2-1 advilad mosapovebeli masalebidan saRebavebis miRebis cxrili

nawili III

sacecxle poziciebi

1. Sinaarsi Tavdacvis dros an Setevis msvlelobisas ganxorcielebuli droebiTi SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa adgilis moZebna mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisa da TvalTvalisgan dasamalavad. safriTa da SeniRbviT yvelaze ukeT sacecxle pozicia unda iyos uzrunvelyofili. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba ukve arsebuli ormoebi, sangrebi an zemodan kargad gadaxuruli pozicia. sacecxle pozicia unda uzrunvelyofdes mowinaaRmdegeze cecxlis gaxsnis SesaZleblobas, agreTve, misi TvalTvalisagan, fenili da kiduli cecxlisgan dacvas. sacecxle pozicia _ sainJinro TvalsazrisiT winaswar mowyobili adgilia, romelic gankuTvnilia SeiaraRebiTa da teqnikiT cecxlis warmoebisaTvis. a. poziciis momzadebisas, upirveles yovlisa, gasawmendia saTvalTvalo da srolis seqtorebi; b. amis Semdeg, qvedanayofisTvis mzaddeba saswrafo poziciebi da xdeba maTi gamagreba. dgomela srolis sangrebi da SeiaraRebis sacecxle poziciebi daculi unda iyos frontaluri mxridan; g. gamagrebasTan erTad, ramdenadac dro iZleva amis saSualebas, farTovdeba sabrZolo poziciebi; d. poziciis gafarToeba iwyeba misi dakavebisTanave da grZeldeba sabrZolo moqmedebis dasrulebamde; e. saTadarigo da Sesacvleli poziciebi iseve unda momzaddes, rogorc ZiriTadi pozicia; v. yvela qvedanayofma unda icodes poziciebis adgilmdebareoba da maTken mimavali gzebi.

2. dafarva da SeniRbva a. dafarva 1) sacecxle poziciis safari iseTi myari unda iyos, rom SeZlos jariskacis dacva cecxlsasroli iaraRis cecxlisgan, agreTve, qvemexis, naRmsatyorcnis Wurvis (naRmis)

11

namsxvrevebisa da birTvuli iaraRis afeTqebis zemoqmedebisgan. pozicias unda hqondes wina safari, raTa SeZlos winaaRmdegobis gaweva winidan wamosuli mcirekalibriani iaraRiT warmoebuli cecxlisTvis. am miznisaTvis yvelaze mosaxerxebelia bunebrivi safari (xeebi, qvebi, RorRi) radgan mowinaaRmdegisTvis Zalian Znelia maTSi damaluli poziciis aRmoCena. Tu bunebrivi safari ar arsebobs, maSin damatebiT safrad SeiZleba amoTxrili sangrebidan gamotanili miwis gamoyeneba. safris ufro metad srulyofa xdeba miwiT savse silis tomrebiT (nax. 3-1).

nax. 3-1 safari qvemoT aRwerilia, Tu rogori unda iyos frontaluri cecxlisagan dasacavi safari: a) imdenad sqeli unda iyos, rom SeZlos mcirekalibriani iaraRis cecxlisgan dacva (miwis sisqe sul mcire 90sm unda iyos); b) imdenad maRali unda iyos, rom SeZlos jariskacis Tavis dafarva ukan afeTqebuli Wurvis (naRmis) namsxvrevebisagan; g) mowinaaRmdegisTvis almaceri cecxlis warmoebis mizniT, idayvebis Rrmulebi da srolis seqtoris ganmsazRvreli sayeebi sakmaris manZilze unda iyos daSorebuli poziciis wina sazRvridan; d) imdenad grZeli unda iyos, rom uzrunvelyos jariskaci safriT da damalos lulidan gamosuli kvamli. 2) sacecxle pozicia ise unda moewyos, rom mowinaaRmdegis fenili cecxlisagan Tavdacvis mizniT, SesaZlebeli iyos frontaluri safris ukan gadasvla da flanguri cecxlis warmoeba (nax. 3-2).

12

sangari

zeda safari

gverdiTi da ukana safari

cecxli frontis xazisaken

cecxli flangebisaken

sacoci sivrce

nax. 3-2 sacecxle pozicia 3) TavdacviTi sacecxle pozicia birTvuli Tavdasxmisas: pozicias am dros unda hqondes zeda, gverdiTi da ukana safari. sangrebidan gamotanili miwac SeiZleba gamoviyenoT maT Sesaqmnelad. es uzrunvelyofs dacvas kiduli cecxlisagan. ukana safarSi datovebuli unda iqnes sacoci adgilebi. Ees poziciaze mowinaaRmdegisgan SeumCnevlad Sesvla-gamosvlis saSualebas iZleva. 4) birTvuli Setevis dros sacecxle poziciaze TviTgadarCenis RonisZiebebis gaZlierebisaTvis yuradReba unda mieqces qvemoT CamoTvlil punqtebs: a) mrgvali kedlebi birTvuli iaraRis afeTqebis talRisadmi ufro gamZlea, vidre kvadratuli da marTkuTxa, amasTanave, maTi amoTxrac ufro advilia; b) mcire napralebi amcireben radiaciis SeRwevas. poziciis fskerze dagrovili radiaciis udidesi nawili gaiwoveba napralebidan da ifanteba; g) Rrma sacecxle poziciebi ukeT uzrunvelyofs jariskacTa dacvas. radiaciis zemoqmedeba sangris siRrmis yovel 40 sm-ze sanaxevrod mcirdeba; d) birTvuli iaraRis afeTqebis dartymiTi talRis zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT, sxeulsa da radiaciis wyaros Soris unda daiyaros ufro meti damcavi miwa. am dros yvelaze ukeTesia gverdze dawola, muxlebis mucelTan mitana da mrgvali formis miReba an pirqve dawola da muxlebis mkerdTan mitana. moxrili kidurebi qmnis radiaciis zRudes da icavs sxeuls. e) sxivuri radiacia sacecxle poziciaze Sedis xiluli zonis gaswvriv da gverdebze arekvliT. muqi da uxeSi qsovilebi (rogoricaa Salis pledi, karavi, ponCo) SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes kargad amreklavi zedapirebis dasafaravad.

nax. 3-3 mTlianad dafaruli da sacoci TxrilebiT aRWurvili sacecxle pozicia

b. SeniRbva 1) Tu mowinaaRmdege sacecxle pozicias aRmoaCens, mas sroliT gaanadgurebs. iq myofni rom ar ganadgurdnen an ar daiWran, amitom sacecxle pozicia imdenad kargad unda iyos SeniRbuli, rom mowinaaRmdeges gauWirdes misi aRmoCena xelyumbaris srolis manZilidanac ki; 2) SeniRbva, romelic ar cvlis bunebriv reliefs, ukeTesia xelovnur, adamianis mier mowyobil SeniRbvaze imitom, rom: a) mza saxiTaa mocemuli; b) ZiriTadad, ar ipyrobs mowinaaRmdegis yuradRebas; g) ar aris saWiro raimes Secvla; 3) poziciis gaTxrisas yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom ar daziandes garSemo arsebuli bunebrivi SeniRbva. sangridan gamotanili, gamouyenebeli miwa unda Caiyaros da daimalos poziciis ukan, buCqebis ZirSi an xramebsa da xeobebSi, rogorc moxerxdeba;

13

frontaluri safari

sangari

sacoci Txrili sacoci Txrili

zeda safari

gverdiTi da ukanasafari

4) yvelaze kargia SesaniRbi masala, romelsac Secvla ar sWirdeba (qvebi, morebi, buCqebi, balaxi, belti). SeniRbva ar SeiZleba iyos iseTi, romelic amaxinjebs garemos da imdenad gansxvavebulia, rom advilad SeniSnaven (nax. 3-4); 5) sacecxle pozicia SeniRbuli unda iyos haeridan TvalTvalis SemTxvevebSic. zemodan Sav wertilad rom ar moCandes, arc erTi nawili daufaravi ar unda darCes. ramdenadac axalia SesaniRbavad gamosayenebeli balaxi da foTlebi, imdenad Znelia poziciis gamoaaSkaraveba. mis SesaniRbad saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens imave raionSi arsebuli buCqnari, xeebi, balaxebi, beltebi. Semodgomisa da zamTris TveebSi damWknari foTlebi da xmeli balaxi maSinve gamoaaSkaravebs pozicias. igive suraTi iqmneba, roca dRisiT poziciidan gamodis kvamli. sifrTxilea saWiro cecxlis danTebis drosac. Aaucilebelia jariskacis mTeli aRWurvilobis SeniRbva. rac Seexeba bunebriv reliefsa da xeds, isini SenarCunebuli unda iyos. RamiT mkacrad unda iqnas daculi ganaTebisa da xmis disciplina. jariskacis sabrZolo adgili, sadac ar unda imyofebodes is, SesaniRbavia, pozicia ki mudmivad unda iqnas Seswavlili mowinaaRmdegis TvaliT. xelovnuri SeniRbva, mowinaaRmdegem rom ar daafiqsiros, garemos unda Seesabamebodes (nax. 3-5).

nax. 3-4 kamuflirebuli pozicia nax. 3-5 sahaero TvalTvalisgan damaluli sacecxle pozicia

3. srolis seqtorebi a. srolis seqtori _ es aris sivrce, romelSic warmoebs TvalTvali da cecxli. roca oceulis, aTeulis (jgufis) meTauri jariskacs sacecxle pozicias ganusazRvravs, maSinve daudgens mas pirveli da meore rigis srolis seqtorebs. pirveli rigis seqtori ganisazRvreba jvaredini cecxlisaTvis, xolo meore rigis seqtori _ frontaluri cecxlisaTvis.

nax. 3-6 srolis seqtorTa prioritetebi

b. srolis seqtoris gawmenda: imisaTvis, rom mocemul seqtorSi SeiZlebodes cecxlis warmoeba, is unda gaiwmindos mcenareuli safrisa da xelisSemSleli sagnebisgan. mowinaaRmdegesTan mosalodneli Sexebisas, Tavdacvis poziciis momzadebis dros, unda

14

meorexarisxovani mimarTuleba

ZiriTadi mimarTulebameorexarisxovani mimarTuleba

gasufTavdes yvela poziciis win arsebuli srolis seqtori. maTi gawmendisas gasaTvaliswinebelia qvemoT aRniSnuli detalebi: 1) srolis seqtoris saWiroze metad da uyuradRebod gawmenda gamoaaSkaravebs pozicias; 2) axlo TavdacvisaTvis gawmenda iwyeba poziciis flangidan da grZeldeba win, sul cota 100m-mde; 3) Tavdacvis poziciis SesaniRbad yovelTvis toveben bunebrivi safris Txel fenas; 4) raionebSi, sadac cotaa xeebi, maT aWrian qveda, xSir totebs; 5) xeebiT daburul adgilebSi srolis seqtorebis gawmendis arc aucileblobaa, arc dro. balaxis moWra da xeebisagan qveda totebis mocileba minimumamde unda iqnas dayvanili. avtomatebisTvis gasawmendia srolis viwro seqtori; 6) xSiri buCqebi, romlebic aranair zRudes ar warmoadgens, ver qmnis dabrkolebas mowinaaRmdegisaTvis da gars akravs srolis seqtors, mTlianad unda amoiZirkvos an unda SeTxeldes; 7) balaxi, romelic xedvas uSlis xels, unda moiWras;

nax. 3-7 srolis seqtorebis gawmenda

nax. 3-8 cecxlis warmoeba poziciis win

8) buCqebi, totebi da balaxi, romelic samalavad ar gamoiyeneba, ise Sors unda gadaiyaros, rom mowinaaRmdegem ver SeamCnios; 9) srolis seqtorebis gawmendisas winaswar unda daigegmos is adgilebi, romelTa momzadebac SesaZlebelia xelT arsebuli drois ganmavlobaSi; 10) im manZilamde, sadac aRwevs srolis radiusi (wina mxares), aucilebelia iyos srolis seqtori; 11) araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegisTvis kvalis, samxilis datoveba. g. jvaredini cecxli saSualebas iZleva moulodneli kuTxiT davartyaT Setevaze gadmosul mowinaaRmdeges. es, amave dros, gaamagrebs mezobel poziciebsac, romelTagan

15

warmoebul cecxlsac uerTdeba jvaredini cecxli. aseTi moqmedeba Seqmnis cecxlis iseT zRudes, saidanac gamosvla mowinaaRmdegisTvis Zneli iqneba (nax. 3-9).4. sacecxle poziciebis momzadebamosamzadebeli drois simciris SemTxvevaSi, raime safris ukan, ewyoba saxeldaxelo sacecxle pozicia. mowinaaRmdegis frontaluri cecxlisgan dacvis uzrunvelyofa imaSi gamoixateba, rom jer

nax. 3-9 jvaredini cecxlis warmoeba mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle zemoqmedebis dros

flangebs mieces srolis saSualeba. termini ,,swrafi sacecxle pozicia” ar niSnavs imas, rom miwis aranairi samuSaoebi ar iwarmoeba. Zalian mcire drois arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki, SesaZlebelia wolela srolis sangris amoTxra qvedanayofis erTi nawilis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. misi momzadeba SeiZleba sasangre iaraRebiT, Cafxutis kidiT da TviT xeliTac ki. Tu arsebobs bunebrivi Txrili, ormo, maSin igi aucileblad gamoiyeneba. aseTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ki iTxreba wolela srolis sangari TavdacvisaTvis. igi siRrmiT, daaxloebiT, naxevari metri unda iyos. poziciis safrad gamoiyeneba Txrilidan amoRebuli masala. am detals yuradReba unda mieqces sacecxle piziciis momzadebisas.

sacecxle pozicia unda iyos sayrdeni msrolelisa da iaraRisTvis. manZili wina safarsa da sangris kides Soris imdenad farTo unda iyos, rom jariskacma idayvebiT miwaze dayrdnobilma SeZlos srola.

mzaddeba idayvis dasadebi Rrmulebi. es Rrmulebi xels uwyobs imas, rom msrolels xelebi gawonasworebuli aqvs da, aseve, apataravebs mis siluets.

tyviamfrqvevis Zirs dasadgmelad, rogorc msubuqi, aseve mZime sadgarisa da StativisaTvis saWiroa Rrmulebi.

yovel sacecxle poziciaze, SigniT, mzaddeba mrgvali ganivi kveTis mqone Txrili xelyumbarisaTvis. am Txrilebis piri yovelTvis msrolelis an misi adgilsamyofelis mimarTulebiT unda iyos mimarTuli. Txrili keTdeba poziciis siRrmeSi, ramdenadac poziciis sigane iZleva amis saSualebas. Txrilis sigane patara, portatiuli niCbis pirisodenaa da daxrilia miwisken 40 gradusiT. Txrilis Ziri ise unda iyos daxrili, rom masSi Cagordes sangarSi Cavardnili xelyumbara.

5. sacecxle poziciebis saxeebi a. wolela srolis sangari: igi mzaddeba maSin, roca Zalian cota droa poziciis

mosamzadeblad. safrad gamoiyeneba yvelaferi is, risi povnac SeiZleba. aseTi sangari uzrunvelyofs dacvas fenili cecxlisgan da, amave dros, iqidan SesaZlebelia frontaluri da flanguri cecxlis gaxsna. kiduli cecxlisgan (qvemexidan da naRmsatyorcnidan srola) dasacavad saWiroa, Txrilis an Rrmulis siRrme sul cota, naxevari metri iyos (nax. 3-10).

16

nax. 3-10 wolela srolis sangari b. dgomela srolis sangrebi: frontidan warmoebuli cecxlisgan Tavdasacavad

mzaddeba dafaruli, erT- an orkaciani dgomela srolis sangrebi. dgomela srolis sangrebi, ZiriTadad, sami tipisa mzaddeba _ jvaredini, almaceri da

pirdapiri srolisTvis (nax. 3-11 a, b, g, d).

nax. 3-11a erTkaciani dgomela srolis sangris tipebi

17

saTofuri

specialuri niSnebi:D: idayvis siganeT: avtomatis sgrZeK: xiSt-danis sigrZe

V-sebri orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari (almaceri

srolis)

rkalisebri orkacani dgomela srolis sangari

sangarsavali

dgomela srolis sangari jvaredini srolisaTvis

dgomela srolis sangariAalmaceri srolisaTvis

dgomela srolis sangari frontaluri srolisaTvis

daxrili marTkuTxa formis erTkaciani dgomela srolis

sangari

saTofuri

specialuri niSnebi:D: idayvis siganeT: avtomatis sigrZeK: xiSt-danis sigrZe

daxrili marTkuTxa formis dgomela sangari (almaceri srolis)

marTkuTxa formis erTkaciani

dgomela sangari

sakomunikacio Txrili

nax. 3-11b orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari jvaredini cecxlisaTvis

nax. 3-11g orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari almaceri cecxlisaTvis

18

oradgiliani dgomela srolis marTkuTxa sangari

oradgiliani dgomela marTkuTxa sangari (almaceri

cecxlis)

specialuri niSnebi:D: idayvis siganeT: SaSxanis sigrZeK: xiStis sigrZe

orkaciani dgomela srolis V-sebri sangari (almaceri srolis)

orkaciani dgomela srolis xuTkuTxa formis sangari

nax. 3-11d orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari frontaluri cecxlisaTvis TavdacviTi poziciis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, roca saWiroa mowinaaRmdegis Setevis mimarTulebis mimarT perpendikularuli poziciebis mowyoba, reliefisa da cecxliT dasafari velis gaTvaliswinebiT, upiratesoba eniWeba sangrebs jvaredini an almaceri srolisaTvis, xolo Setevis mimarTulebis mimarT daxrili poziciis mowyobis saWiroebisas _ frontaluri srolisaTvis gankuTvnil sangrebs. aTeulisa da jgufis meTaurebisaTvis igeba sangrebi, romlebic iZleva, sul cota, ori mimarTulebiT TvalTvalis da mTlianad sapasuxismgeblo monakveTis Tvalyuris saSualebas. sangrebi SeiZleba erTmaneTTan TxrilebiT dakavSirebuli an gancalkevebuli iyos. moSorebiT agebuli sangrebi erTmaneTs damakavSirebeli TxrilebiT ukavSirdebian. g. dgomela srolis sangris tipebi 1) orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari: roca poziciaze ori msroleli erTadaa, mzaddeba orkaciani dgomela sangari. Tu dro amis saSualebas iZleva, maSin pozicia farTovdeba. poziciis mTlianad momzadebis dasrulebis Semdeg, erTi jariskaci TvalTvals awarmoebs, meores ki SeuZlia daisvenos. intensiuri cecxlis dros, orives SeuZlia poziciis safriT sargebloba. umjobesia, rom dgomela srolis sangari patara iyos. ramdenadac patara iqneba sangari, imdenad mcire iqneba Sansi mas moxvdes yumbara da haerSi afeTqebuli Wurvis (naRmis) namsxvrevebi. orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari iseTi moculobis unda iyos, rom masSi jariskacma Tavisi sabrZolo CacmulobiT SeZlos Sesvla. rac Seexeba Txrils, igi iseTi unda iyos, rom masSi SeiZlebodes damalvac, iqidan _ frontaluri srolac da, amave dros, aseTi Txrili mTavari safris flangebis miRma unda mdebareobdes (nax. 3-12).

19

nax. 3-12 swori (horizontaluri) da rkalisebri sangrebiф

sangari, ZiriTadad, horizontalurad amoiTxreba da mTavari safris mxridan mrgvaldeba imitom, rom am formiT axlomdebare monakveTebze ufro ukeT SeiZleba TvalTvali, xolo win da flangebisken _ srola. ovaluri Txrili jariskacebs saSualebas aZlevs, roca erTs sZinavs, meorem cecxlis gauxsnelad uTvalTvalos mowinaaRmdeges. cecxlis gaxsna SeiZleba win, xolo intensiuri srolisas moZraoba SeiZleba sangris kididan ukan (nax. 3-13).

nax. 3-13 sangris wina mxares gadasvla

cicabo ferdobze horizontalurad amoTxrili sangari uzrunvelyofs jariskacisTvis sangris kidis ukan dgomas da icavs mas mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisgan. aseT adgilas mowinaaRmdegis srola SezRudulia, mxolod fexze adgomisas moxvdeba jariskaci mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis qveS (nax. 3-14).

nax. 3-14 sacecxle pozicia cicabo ferdobze

jariskaci aseTi cecxlis pirispir rom ar aRmoCndes, saWiroa, sangris orive mxares, gaiWras saTofurebi. maT Soris mdebare adgili, damatebiT, sangris kidis safari iqneba (nax. 3-15).

20

gverdiTi xedi

nax. 3-15 saTofurebi

dgomela srolis sangari ise unda amoiTxaros, rom man iRliebamde dafaros jariskaci. Txrilis es forma jariskacs gamouCenlad srolis saSualebas aZlevs. safriani sangris zoma Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: sigrZe orjer unda aRematebodes qveiTis avtomatis sigrZes, sigane ki _ xiSt-danis or sigrZes. ase miiReba idealuri sangari (nax. 3-16).

nax. 3-16 dgomela srolis sangari

srolisas, idayvebis dasayrdnobad, Txrilsa da sangris pirs Soris datovebuli unda iqnes sakmarisi manZili (nax. 3-17).

nax. 3-17 Rrmulebi idayvisTvis imisaTvis, rom srolisas idayvebma ar imoZraos, amoiTxreba 30sm-iani Rrmulebi (nax. 3-17). srola ufro zusti iqneba, Tu avtomatis sadgaris myarad dasamagreblad patara Rrmuli amoiTxreba (nax. 3-18).

safari

saTofurebi

21

gverdiTi

xedi

idayvis Rrmulebi

nax. 3-18 Rrmuli iaraRis sadgarisaTvis

srolis seqtoris gansazRvrisTvis marjvniv da marcxniv esoba sayeebi. isini Tavidan agvacilebs SecdomiT mezobeli poziciebisTvis cecxlis gaxsnas. sayeebi unda iyos magari da miwidan sakmaod maRla amoweuli. unda veridoT seqtoris miRma iaraRis damiznebas (nax. 3-19).

nax. 3-19 samizne da sapasuxismgeblo sqtorebi

seqtoris sayeebi xels uwyobs cecxlis warmoebas RamiT da SezRuduli xedvis pirobebSi. am saqmisTvis gamoiyeneba xis 30 sm sigrZis totebi. iaraRis kondaxis dasadebad Txrilis kideze keTdeba Rrmuli. pirveli sayes win, saxifaTo misadgomebis mimarTulebiT, moTavsdeba meore saye. wina sayeebi gamoiyeneba iaraRis lulis dasadebad. ieriSis mimarTulebis Secvlisas, iaraRis lula erTi sayedan meore sayisken gadainacvlebs. iaraRis kondaxi ki rCeba ukana RrmulSi. sangris fskerze iTxreba ori Txrili xelyumbarisaTvis. sangarSi Cavardnili mowinaaRmdegis xelyumbara fexis kvriT an raime sxva meTodiT vardeba xelyumbaris erT-erT TxrilSi. Txrili STanTqavs afeTqebis umetes nawils. danarCeni nawili miemarTeba win da Txrilis gareTa mxarisaken. xelyumbaris Txrili mzaddeba Semdegi saxiT (nax. 3-20): a. sigane _ niCbis piris zoma, b. siRrme – (sul mcire) saTxreli iaraRis sigrZe, g. iTxreba sangris mTeli ganivi kedlis gaswvriv. imisaTvis, rom wyali gaedinos, sangris fskeri xelyumbaris Txrilebisaken unda iyos daxrili. es, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs TxrilebSi yumbaris Cagorebas. zeda safari keTdeba sahaero Tavdasxmebis Sedegad warmoqmnili namsxvrevebisagan dasacavad. igi eyrdnoba sangris centrs an gverdebs (nax. 3-21). zeda safari ise Sendeba, rom pozicia ar Candes. 10-15sm diametris sayrdeni boZebi ewyoba erTmaneTze da moTavsdeba jer ukana safris gaswvriv (10-15sm diametris sayrdeni). Semdeg, aseTive boZebi ukve dalagebul boZebs ewyoba gardigardmo, jvaredinad (nax. 3-22, 3-23).

22

Rrmuli sadgarisaTvis

samizne sayeebi

samizne sayeebi

Mmezobeli poziciebi

nax. 3-20 Rrmulebi nax. 3-21 zeda safari nax. 3-22 wina sayrdeni

nax. 3-23 zeda safari, romelic ormos centris zemoT Sendeba

ZiriTad, boZebze keTdeba muyaos an ponCos msgavsi safari imisaTvis, rom ar Cavides wyali (nax. 3-24). wyalgaumtari masalis zemoT ideba 15-20 sm sisqis miwa-talaxi; amis Semdeg safari iniRbeba ise, rom garemosgan ar ganirCeodes (nax. 3-25).

nax. 3-24 wyalgaumtaroba

23

fskeris daqaneba centridan

kideebisaken

sangris orive mxares arsebuli Txrilebi

xelyumbarisaTvis

nax. 3-25 SeniRbuli zeda safari

sangris centris zemoT gadaxuruli poziciis gverdebzec keTdeba safari imisaTvis, rom advilad ver aRmoaCinon. Tumca, aseTi safris qvemodan arc garemos TvalTvali SeiZleba, arc cecxlis gaxsna. gverdiTi gadaxurvis gamoyenebisas, iTxreba mxolod xelyumbaris Txrili. fskers ukana kedlisken ukeTdeba daqaneba (nax. 3-26).

nax. 3-26 gverdiTi gadaxurva

poziciis orive napiras gverdiTi zeda safrisTvis iTxreba adgili (nax. 3-27), romelic Semdeg moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes: a. siRrme _ daaxloebiT 30 sm; b. sigrZe _ ormos orive mxridan, daaxloebiT 45 sm daSoreba; g. sigane _ daaxloebiT 1 m. SesaniRbavad unda davtovoT balaxi (belti).

24

gverdiTi zeda safari gverdiTi zeda

safari

fskeris daxra

xelyumbaris

Txrilisken

xelyumbarisTxrili

xedi gverdidan

46 sm

46 30 sm

1 m

nax. 3-27 gverdiTi safris momzadeba A

amis Semdeg, dgomela srolis sangars zemodan ewyoba 10-15sm diametris morebi, rac gaamagrebs zeda safris masalis darCenil nawils. sayrden boZebs zemodan efareba polieTileni, ponCo an sxva wyalgaumtari safari. es xels SeuSlis wylis zeda safridan Casvlas (nax. 3-28).

nax. 3-28 sayrdeni boZebi wyalgaumtar qsovils zemodan eyreba 15-20 sm sisqis miwa. es ukanaskneli ifareba beltebiT da iniRbeba (nax. 3-29).

nax. 3-29 beltebiT SeniRbva

jariskacebi Sedian sangarSi da zemodan dafaruli poziciis orive mxares Txrian niSebs piradi Semadgenlobisa da aRWurvilobisTvis (nax. 3-30). qviSian an fxvier miwaSi, kedlebis Camongrevis Tavidan asacileblad, saWiroa kedlis gamagreba, risTvisac iyeneben ficars an patara boZebs. isini erTmaneTs ebmeba mavTuliT, TokiT an kabeliT da magrdeba qveviT, fskerze. sarebi erWoba miwaSi, xolo zeda mxare imaleba, rom ar moxdes maTi areva seqtoris an raionis sayeebSi (nax. 3-31).

nax. 3-30 adgilis momzadeba p/Semadgenlobisa da aRWurvilobisaTvis

25

2) erTkaciani dgomela srolis sangari: roca msroleli martoa poziciaze, is erTadgilian dgomela srolis sangars Txris. aseTi sangari iseve keTdeba, rogorc orkaciani. erTkaciani dgomela srolis sangari, wolela srolis sangarTan SedarebiT, ufro Rrmaa. misi gamagreba, wylisgan dacva da SeniRbva _ ufro advilia. dgomela srolis sangari marTkuTxa formisaa da misi zomebia 60×105 sm, siRrme _ sul mcire 120-150 sm; maRali msrolelisTvis sangari SeiZleba ufro metadac CaRrmavdes. sangris ZirSi iTxreba 45 sm sigrZis ormo xelyumbarebisTvis. Semdeg ki, poziciis zeda nawilis ukana mxare ifareba im simaRleze, rom iqidan SesaZlebeli iyos cecxlis warmoeba. bolos mzaddeba safari, romelic mxolod dRisiT gamoiyeneba (nax. 3-32);

nax. 3-31 SesaniRbavi kedeli

nax. 3-32 dgomela srolis sangari6. tyviamfrqvevis pozicia: poziciis momzadebamde saWiroa: a. tyviamfrqvevis dadgma poziciaze; b. iaraRisTvis srolis seqtoris gansazRvra;ыь g. tyviamfrqvevis srolis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis an gadamRobi cecxlis xazis gansazRvra. tyviamfrqvevis poziciis mowyobisas, upirveles yovlisa, moiniSneba sadgaris dasadgmeli adgili _ sasroli moedani. amis Semdeg, sayeebis meSveobiT moniSnaven srolis seqtorebs an gare konturebsa da wina safris adgils. tyviamfrqvevis sacecxle poziciisaTvis mzaddeba ori sasroli moedani. amaTgan erTi _ srolis ZiriTadi mimarTulebiTaa, am moedanzea ganTavsebuli tyviamfrqvevis sadgari. meore moedani ki mzaddeba meore rigis cecxlis mimarTulebiT. tyviamfrqvevis sadgaris ganStoebuli fexebisTvis iTxreba Rrmulebi (nax. 3-33).

26

zeda safris gareSe

zeda safriT

nax. 3-33 gare konturebis moniSvna

sasroli moedani ar SeiZleba imdenad dabali iyos, rom amiT srolas SeeSalos xeli. zogjer moednis garSemo ewyoba qviSis tomrebi. es saWiroa sadgaris uZrav mdgomareobaSi gasaCereblad (nax. 3-34).

nax. 3-34 pozicia sasroli moednebiT

sasroli moednis amoTxris Semdeg, mzaddeba cecxlis baraTi, xolo Semdeg iTxreba sangrebi. sangari iTxreba gadatrialebuli ,,T”-s formiT. ,,T”-s Tavi jariskacis xelze ufro grZeli unda iyos, sangari ki iseTi Rrma, iRliamde daifaros jariskaci da amasTanave, msrolelma unda SeZlos tyviamfrqvevis gamoyeneba. sangridan gamotanili miwa gamoiyeneba mis win, gverdebze da ukan safrad. jer mzaddeba wina safari. roca igi sakmao simaRlisa da sisqis iqneba, darCenili miwis nawiliT momzaddeba gverdiTi da ukana safrebi. TiToeuli maTgani ,,T”-s sam wverze qmnis ormoebs sami xelyumbarisTvis. xelyumbarisTvis ormo unda gaiTxaros orkaciani dgomela srolis sangris msgavsad (nax. 3-35). poziciis zeda safaric orkaciani dgomela srolis sangris msgavsad mzaddeba (nax. 3-36).

nax. 3-35 xelyumbaris Txrilis adgilebi

27

sasroli moednebi

sasroli

moedani

sasroli

moedani

xelyumbaris Txrili

xedi zemodan

(Turqebs) nax. 3-36 gadaxuruli pozicia tyviamfrqvevisaTvisш

Tu tyviamfrqvevs srolis mxolod erTi sacecxle raioni aqvs, maSin iTxreba poziciis mxolod naxevari (mxolod erTi sasroli moedani) (nax. 3-37).

nax. 3-37 srolis seqtoris mqone tyviamfrqvevis sacecxle pozicia

tyviamfrqvevis gaTvlaSi Tu sami jariskacia, mesame (sabrZolo masalis mimtani) Txris dgomela srolis sangars. umravles SemTxvevebSi es pozicia da tyviamfrqvevi erT mxaresaa. am poziciidan SeiZleba TvalTvali, cecxlis warmoeba tyviamfrqvevis meoradi srolis seqtorSi da, amave dros, metyviamfrqvevisa da misi TanaSemwis danaxva. sabrZolo masalis mitanisa da tyviamfrqvevis pozicia erTmaneTTan sangarsavaliTaa dakavSirebuli. am gziT SeiZleba iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalis motana an metyviamfrqvevisa da misi TanaSemwis Secvla (nax. 3-38).

28

wina safari

gverdiTi safari

nax. 3-38 tyviamfrqvevis sabrZolo masalis mimtanis pozicia

,,pk” tipis tyviamfrqvevis poziciaze, iaraRisTvis, iTxreba erTi sasroli moedani, romelic miwis doneze dabla unda iyos. tyviamfrqvevis ryevis gamo, moednis fskerze ideba siliani tomrebi. aseTive tomara ideba sadgris TiToeul fexTan. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moednis kedlebTan SeiZleba momzaddes SesaniRbavi kedeli. moednis amoTxris Semdeg, mzaddeba cecxlis baraTi da iTxreba sangari. igi ,,L“-is formis unda iyos; “L“-is SuaSi platformis adgilia (nax. 3-39). sangari icavs msrolels, amave dros, igi im siRrmis unda iyos, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes iqidan tyviamfrqveviT srola. sangridan gamotanili miwa gamoiyeneba wina, gverdiTi da ukana safrebisaTvis. jer mzaddeba wina safari. misi dasrulebis Semdeg, darCenili miwiT ki _ gverdiTi da ukana safrebi.

nax. 3-39 orkaciani dasrulebuli dgomela srolis sangari

,,L“-is orive boloSi unda gaiTxaros xelyumbaris ori Txrili, romelic orkaciani gadaxuruli sangris msgavsia (nax. 3-40).

nax. 3-40 gadaxuruli, dasrulebuli orkaciani dgomela srolis sangari

7. tanksawinaRo SeiaraRebis sacecxle pozicia

29

zeda gverdiTi safari zeda gverdiTi safari

daxra

xelyumbaris

Txrilisken

xelyumbaris Txrili

gverdiTi xedi

tanksawinaRo iaraRis poziciebi, rogorc wesi, mzaddeba koSkuris sangris formiT, sxva poziciebis mimarT iribad, mowinaaRmdegis frontaluri cecxlisgan Tavdacvis mizniT (ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos almaceri an jvaredini cecxlis warmoeba). mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisgan dacvis mizniT warmoebul samSeneblo samuSaoebs gamagreba ewodeba, xolo mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisagan dafarvis mizniT warmoebul samuSaoebs _ SeniRbva.

poziciis momzadebis dawyebamde, misi saxeobis Sesabamisad, unda moiniSos mosamzadebeli poziciis konturebi. iwyeba Txra da amoTxrili miwa iyreba tomrebSi, Semdeg warmoebs poziciis srulyofa (nax. 3-41), poziciis ukan iwmindeba usafrTxoebis seqtori.

nax. 3-41 tanksawinaRo iaraRis pozicia

8. mokle manZilze moqmed tanksawinaRo saSualebaTa (LALAW) pozicia tanksawinaRo LAW saSualebebisTvis specialuri sabrZolo pozicia ar arsebobs. Aam iaraRidan srola SeiZleba yvelanairi poziciidan. srolis dros ukan unda gaiwmindos usafrTxoebis seqtori (nax. 3-42).

nax. 3-42 srola mokle manZilze moqmedi tanksawinaRo iaraRis (Law) poziciidan

9. sangarsavali poziciebis erTmaneTTan dasakavSireblad, Tu dro amis saSualebas iZleva, iTxreba sangarsavalebi. isini uzrunvelyofen poziciebs Soris usafrTxo gadaadgilebas. sangarsavalis siRrme damokidebulia droze, daxmarebis saxeobasa da sangris amosaTxrelad saWiro aRWurvilobaze. sainJinro mxardaWeris gareSe SeiZleba amoiTxaros mxolod 1 metramde siRrmisa da 60 sm siganis sacocavi Txrilebi. sangarsavalebi iTxreba zigzagurad. (nax. 3-43)

30

A

axlo xedi

sacocavi sangrebi

sacecxle pozicia

xedi haeridan

nax. 3-43 sangarsavalebis xedi zemodan

10. aRWurvilobisa da sabrZolo masalis ganTavsebis adgilebi poziciaze aucilebelia iyos aRWurvilobisa da sabrZolo masalis ganTavsebis adgili. poziciis centrSi Tu aris zeda safari, maSin, am mizniT, adgili iTxreba ukana kedlis ZirSi. misi sidide icvleba xelT arsebuli aRWurvilobisa da sabrZolo masalis raodenobis mixedviT. Tu poziciis gverdebze aris safari, maSin, sxvadasxva sagnebis ganTavsebisaTvis, gamoiyeneba xelyumbaris Txrilebi (nax. 3-44).

nax. 3-44 centraluri zeda safari

aRWurvilobisa da sabrZolo masalis adgili Tu saWiroze didi momzadda, es jariskacebs poziciaze safris qveS Zilis saSualebasac miscems (nax. 3-45).

nax. 3-45 gverdiTi zeda safari

31

xedi gverdidan

zeda safari ukana kedeli

zurgCanTebi

gverdiTi gadaxurva

wina kedeli

zurgCanTebi

gverdiTi xedi

nawili IV

marSi

1. Sinaarsi marSiÇ_ aris organizebuli gadaadgileba kolonebiT gzebsa da sakolono gzebze daniSnul raionSi an miTiTebul zRudemde. marSs im SemTxvevaSi iyeneben, rodesac, sahaero safrTxis garda, mosalodneli ar aris mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexeba. marSisaTvis daxarjuli dro, rogorc wesi, aRemateba sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmoebisaTvis daxarjul dros. Tu qvedanayofi ar aris mzad mowinaaRmdegesTan SexebisaTvis, saWiroa marSis saTanado saxeobebis gamoyeneba mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexebis Tavidan asacileblad. am nawilSi mocemulia marSis meTodebis is safuZvlebi, romelTa codna savaldebuloa yoveli jariskacisaTvis.

2. marSis xerxebi qvedanayofis mier warmatebulad ganxorcielebuli marSi damokidebulia meTauris unarsa da TviT jariskacebze. imisaTvis, rom mowinaaRmdegem ver aRmoaCinos qvedanayofi, saWiroa qvemoT mocemul punqtebSi CamoTvlili miTiTebebis Sesruleba (nax. 4-1): a. iniRbeba Sesabamisi adgili (poziciebi) da aRWurviloba; b. aRWurviloba ikvreba ise mWidrod, rom igi xmas ar gamoscemdes; G g. Caicmeba Sesabamisi samosi; d. dauSvebelia im iaraRis tareba, romelic ar aris saWiro. xdeba gadasvla erTi poziciidan meoreze (poziciis Secvla ar unda grZeldebodes 3-5 wamze met xans); e. moZraobis dawyebamde saWiroa SeCereba, garemos daTvaliereba da miyuradeba. erTi poziciidan gamosvlamde, unda SeirCes meore, Sesasvleli pozicia; v. gadaadgilebisTvis SesarCevia SeniRbuli da dafaruli gadasasvleli; z. maRal balaxSi win moZraobisas, periodulad, uxmaurod icvleba moZraobis mimarTuleba; T. gadaadgilebiT gamowveuli xmauris dasafaravad, saWiroa im xmebis gamoyeneba, romlebic bunebrivad ismis sabrZolo poziciaze. drodadro gaCerebisas, saWiroa yuradRebis gamaxvileba imaze, Tu risgan dafrTxnen da afrindnen iq myofi frinvelebi an gaiqcnen cxovelebi (SesaZloa mowinaaRmdege axlos iyos); i. unda veridoT cicabo ferdobebsa da qvian adgilebs; k. gadaadgilebis dros dauSvebelia moSiSvlebuli, mTis Ria mwvervalebisa da Txemebis gamoyeneba.

32

nax. 4-1 saSiSi raionebis gavla

3. gadaadgilebis xerxebi gadaadgilebisaTvis, siarulis garda, SesaZlebelia sami Semdegi xerxis gamoyeneba: dabali cocva, maRali cocva da gadarbenebi. xoxva, cocva _ esaa saSualeba, romelic gamoiyeneba mokle manZilze gadaadgilebisaTvis, roca SeuZlebelia mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisgan Tavis daRweva fexze adgomiTa da gadarbenebiT. dabali cocva gamoiyeneba maSin, roca samalavi da safari saSualebebi cotaa da SeuZlebelia fexze adgomiTa da win wasvliT mowinaaRmdegis srolisa da TvalTvalisgan Tavis dacva. dabali cocvisas sxeuli, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, unda gaekras miwas, iaraRis qamari moixveva marjvena xelze. iaraRi, ise rom lulis piri miwas ar daekaros, simZimis centriT daideba marjvena xelze (mklavze). win gadaadgilebis dros sxeuli Semdegnairad moZraobs: marjvena xels viSverT win, marjvena fexs vxriT muclisken, sxeuls win vwevT marjvena fexis, marcxena xelisa da marjvena idayvis saSualebiT. Semdegi moZraoba win xorcieldeba marcxena xelis, marjvena idayvisa da marjvena fexis meSveobiT (nax. 4-2). maRali cocva gamoiyeneba maSin, roca dafarvisa da SeniRbvis SesaZlebloba sakmarisia da saWiroa win gadaadgilebis siCqaris momateba. maRali cocvisas sxeuli mTlianad ar aris miwaze garTxmuli da simZime modis idayvebsa da muxlebze. orive idayvi eyrdnoba miwas; iaraRs, romlis lula marcxnivaa, xolo kondaxi marjvniv, iWers orive xeli qvevidan. muxlebi ukan unda iqnes mimarTuli, ise, rom menji zemoT ar aiwios. win gadaadgilebaSi sxeuls exmareba fexis wverebi da moxrili idayvebi, garda amisa, rogorc dabali cocvisas, gamoiyeneba marjvena idayvi da marcxena muxli, marcxena idayvi da marjvena muxli (nax. 4-2).

33

safrian da SeniRbul gzaze

gadaadgileba

dafaruli poziciidan frontisken pirdapir gadaadgileba ar SeiZleba

saWiroa SesaZlo Casafrebisa da saxifaTo raionebisTvis Tavis arideba

nax. 4-2 cocva

mowinaaRmdegis xiluli cecxlisgan Tavis daRwevis yvelaze swrafi saSualeba gadarbenaa. esaa erTi safridan meore safris ukana mxrisaken an erTi poziciidan meore poziciisken sirbiliT winsvla. misi manZili damokidebulia adgilmdebareobasa da mowinaaRmdegis srolis intensivobaze. gadarbenis momentSi jariskacis yvelaze susti wertilia dro, roca is fexze dgas. amitomac fexze dgoma ar unda gagrZeldes 3_5 wamze met xans. rodesac jariskaci mowinaaRmdegis fenili cecxlis qveSaa moqceuli da SeuZlebelia mowinaaRmdegeze sapirispiro sacecxle zemoqmedebis warmoeba, fexze dgoma ar unda gagrZeldes 5 wamze met xans. NgadarbeniT poziciis Secvlisas, mowinaaRmdegem rom moZraoba ver SeamCnios, unda SeirCes axali poziciisken mimavali, yvelaze ukeT dafaruli da SeniRbuli gza (nax. 4-3).

nax. 4-3 gadarbena

dawolili damiznebis mdgomareobidan gadarbenaze Semdegnairad unda gadavideT: a. Tavi odnav unda avwioT da SevarCioT Cveni mimarTulebiT myofi pozicia; b. Tavi isev unda davxaroT; G g. xelebi movxaroT sxeulisken, idayvebi _ muclisken;D d. marjvena fexs vxriT muclisken; E e. tani, xelebze dayrdnobiT, erTi moZraobiT unda gavmarToT; v. swrafad vdgebiT fexze; z. Cqara mivrbivarT axali poziciisken. gasaCereblad mzadyofnisTvis saWiroa Semdegi moZraobebi: a. unda davdgeT orive fexze; b. daviCoqoT muxlebze (am dros erTi xeliT mWidrod viWerT iaraRis kondaxs); G g. veyrdnobiT iaraRs da win mivemarTebiT;D d. vwvebiT da gadavdivarT damiznebaze.

34

dabali cocva maRali cocva

Tu poziciidan garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi warmoebs srola, mowinaaRmdege gansazRvravs adgilmdebareobas da daucdis Tqvens gamosvlas safridan. amis gamo, sanam gadarbeniT ganaxorcielebT winsvlas, saWiroa cocviT daixioT ukan, gasrialdeT marjvniv an marcxniv da moemzadoT gasasvlelad. aseTma moZraobam SesaZloa SecdomaSi Seiyvanos mowinaaRmdege, romelic elis Tqvens gamosvlas da gimiznebT. Secvlili pozicia Tu Ria adgilzea, iqamde dafarviT gadarbenis xerxiT unda miaRwioT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gadarbenisas xorcieldeba sruli Casangreba.

4. malulad gadaadgileba malulad gadaadgileba niSnavs Cumad, nela da yuradRebiT win gadaadgilebas. E malulad gadaadgilebisaTvis unda SevasruloT Semdegi moqmedebebi: a. iaraRi jvaredinad unda daviWiroT; B b. siarulis dros, nabiji ise unda vareguliroT, rom sxeulis simZime Tanabrad ganawildes orive fexze;G g. erT-erTi fexi gamoviyenoT imisTvis, rom moaSoros meores siarulisas mikruli iseTi nivTiereba, romelic dabijebis dros xmas gamoscems; D d. gadaadgileba unda ganxorcieldes fexis wverebze, Cumad ise, rom sxeulis mTeli simZime fexis TiTebs daawves; e. sxeulis simZime ukana fexidan winaze gadaitaneT manam, sanam ukana fexs gadaadgamT; v. wonasworobis mudmivobas uzrunvelyofs mokle nabiji. Ramis sibneliTa da xSiri mcenareebiT dafarul midamoSi xmauris Tavidan asacileblad, erTi xeliT iaraRi gviWiravs, meore ki win gvaqvs gaSverili, rom gavarkvioT sibneleSi iq arsebuli raime dabrkolebis arseboba. damiznebisaTvis wolela mdgomareobaSi gadasasvlelad Casatarebelia Semdegi moqmedebebi: a. saWiroa cal xelSi iaraRiT Cajdoma;B b. Tavisufali xeliT mosinjeT miwa, xom ar aris iq naRmi an sxva saSiSi rame; G g. sxeulis simZime Tanabrad nawildeba muxlebsa da cariel xelze; miiReba cocvis msgavsi poza; d. amis Semdeg, simZime gadadis mopirdapire muxlze ; D e. is muxli, romelzedac simZime ar modis, jer aiweva zeviT, Semdeg _ ukan da nela daeSveba miwaze; v. meore fexic aseve moZraobs; z. Cumad unda iwveT da daiwyoT damizneba. cocva xorcieldeba Semdegnairad: a. cocva xdeba xelebiTa da muxlebiT. iaraRs iRebs is xeli, romelic isvris. Mmeore, Tavisufali xeli gamoiyeneba wonasworobis dasacavad da moZraobisas _ damxmared;B b. xelebisa da muxlebis neli moZraobiT xdeba win gadaadgileba.

nax. 4-4 moZraoba jgufis meTauris kvaldakval da sacecxle zemoqmedebidan gamosvla

5. moqmedeba kiduli cecxlis winaaRmdeg a. winsvlisas, Tu mowinaaRmdegis kiduli cecxlis pirispir aRmoCndebiT, unda moaxdinoT sruli Casangreba da daelodoT meTauris brZanebas. igi jariskacebs uCvenebs im mimarTulebas, romelsac unda gahyvnen sacecxle zemoqmedebis zonidan gasasvlelad an

35

ubrZanebs, rom mas mihyvnen. Tu meTauri ar Cans, SesaZloa iyos qvedanayofis sxva xelmZRvaneli, maSin saWiroa, rom gahyveT mas. Tu arc meTauri Cans, arc qvedanayofis sxva xelmZRvaneli da darCiT marto, saWiroa dazianebis zonidan swrafad gaqceva (nax. 4-4). mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilze swrafad moZraoba sakmaod rTulia, Tumca, aseTi raioni karg safars warmoadgens. msgavs adgilze unda isargebloT iq arsebuli safriT da daelodoT, rodis daiwveba da Caqreba mowinaaRmdegis mier gamoSvebuli manaTobeli saSualebebi. amis Semdeg, saswrafod unda datovoT is raioni.

6. moqmedeba miwaze feTqebadi manaTobeli sabrZolo masalebis gamoyenebisas mowinaaRmdege poziciis sxvadasxva adgilas agebs mavTulWims (mavTulxlarTebs) da ganalagebs miwaze feTqebad manaTobel saSualebebs.

nax. 4-5 manaTobeli sabrZolo masalis moqmedebisagan dacva miwaze skdomis SemTxvevaSi

manaTobeli sabrZolo masalis sxivSi moxvedris SemTxvevaSi saswrafod unda gamoxvideT ganaTebuli raionidan. gamosvlis Semdeg unda SeamowmoT, aris Tu ara jgufis yvela jariskaci adgilze. unda ecadoT daicvaT qvedanayofis mTlianoba (nax. 4-5).

7. moqmedeba haerSi feTqebadi manaTobeli sabrZolo masalebis gamoyenebisas im raionebis gasanaTeblad, romelTac mowinaaRmdegisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs, mowinaaRmdege iyenebs haerSi feTqebad manaTobel sabrZolo masalas da xelis pistoletiT, yumbarsatyrocnebis, naRmsatyorcnebisa da qvemexebis saSualebiT isvris maT an Camoyris haeridan. gadaadgilebisas, Tu SeamCnevT haerSi manaTobeli masalis Camoyras, sanam muxti zemoT (haerSi) ava, keTdeba sruli Casangreba. manaTobeli masalis mier ganaTebul raionSi Tu darCiT da iq aris mcenareuloba, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia SeniRbva (tye, maRali mcenareuli safari da a.S.), iq unda daimaloT da gaunZrevlad daelodoT ganaTebis damTavrebas (nax. 4-6).

nax. 4-6 manaTobeli sabrZolo masalis moqmedebisagan dacva haerSi skdomis SemTxvevaSi

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mowinaaRmdegis mier ganxorcielebuli

ganaTeba

Tu Ria adgilze haerSi manaTobeli masalis sxivSi moxvdiT, maSinve unda CajdeT an Zirs dawveT. ekliani mavTulxlarTis, kedlis an sxva msgavsi dabrkolebis gadalaxvisas, Tu haerSi manaTobeli masalis sxivSi moxvdiT, maSinve unda CajdeT im adgilze, sadac xarT da darCeT ase, sanam ganaTeba damTavrdeba.

manaTobeli masalis uecarma, Zlierma sxivma SesaZloa gamoiwvios garSemo myofTa droebiTi sibrmave. rodesac mowinaaRmdege mopirdapire mxaris aRmosaCenad da misTvis cecxlis gasaxsnelad manaTobel saSualebebs iyenebs, es mowinaaRmdegis Ramis mxedvelobasac auaresebs. RamiT danaxvis unaris SesanarCuneblad, saWiroa ganaTebisas cali Tvalis daxuWva, rac mas icavs ganaTebis zemoqmedebisagan.

8. marSi jgufis SemadgenlobaSi jariskacebi, ZiriTadad, gadaadgildebian jgufis SemadgenlobaSi. qveiT msrolelTa patara jgufi gadaadgildeba soliseburi wyobiT. jgufSi TiToeul jariskacs adgili ganesazRvreba piradi iaraRis Sesabamisad. Tumca, viTarebidan gamomdinare, jgufis meTauris mier SesaZlebelia am adgilebis Secvla. jariskacebi erTimeores, rogorc wesi, 10 metris daSorebiT mihyvebian (nax. 4-7).

nax. 4-7 msrolelTa solisebri wyoba

adgilmdebareobis daxurul monakveTze gadaadgilebisas solisebur wyobaSi aucilebelia droebiTi cvlilebebis Setana. xSir buCqnarian an viwro adgilebSi winsvlisas jariskacebi gadadian kolonaSi TiTo-TiTod. msgavsi adgilebis gavlis Semdeg isini Zvel wyobas ubrundebian. wyobis an erTmaneTs Soris manZilis Sesacvlelad aucilebeli ar aris elodoT brZanebas. cvlileba xorcieldeba avtomaturad, qvedanayofis meTaursa da jariskacebs Soris TvaliT miniSnebiT. jgufis meTauri jgufs awyobs ise, rogorc es mocemulia magaliTSi. is gascems brZanebas _ ,,momyeviT da CemsaviT gaakeTeT!“. roca jgufis meTauri marcxniv gauxvevs, jgufic marcxniv uxvevs, Zirs dawolisas _ Zirs wveba, srolis dawyebisas _ jgufic isvris. SezRuduli xedvis pirobebSi, SesaZloa garTuldes gadaadgilebis kontroli. amitom, RamiT amosacnobad, Cafxutis ukana nawilze amagreben erTmaneTisgan 2,5sm-iT daSorebul 2,5sm sigrZis paralelur, fosforian lentebs.

nax. 4-8 RamiT amosacnobi fosforiani lentebi

37

jgufis meTauri

metyviamfrqveve metyviamfrqveve

msroleli

(yumbarmtyorcneli)

msroleli

jgufis meTauri

msroleli

(yumbarmtyorcneli)

msroleli

mbzinavi lenti

patrulis mier RamiT amocnobis gasaadvileblad, liTonis Cafxutis SaliTis ukana mxareze magrdeba ori wyvili 2,5×1,25sm zomis horizontaluri, fosforiani lenti, romlebic qudis zustad SuaSi, erTmaneTisgan 2,5sm-iT aris daSorebuli (nax. 4-8).

9. cecxli da manevrebi mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexebis Semdeg qvedanayofi, rogorc wesi, iwyebs cecxlis warmoebas da gadaagdilebas mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT. aseT viTarebas ewodeba cecxli da manevri. meTodi ori formiT xorcieldeba _ mowinaaRmdegesTan miaxloeba da misi ganadgureba an mowinaaRmdegisagan daSoreba, masTan Sexebis mdgomareobidan gamosvlis mizniT. cecxli da moZraoba erTdroulad warmoebs. sacecxle da samanevro erTeuli SesaZlebelia iyos calkeuli jariskaci an mewyvileebi, an kidev sacecxle erTeuli da qveiTi aTeuli. amis miuxedavad, mizani saerToa _ cecxli da manevri. sacecxle erTeuli mowinaaRmdegeze axorcielebs sacecxle zemoqmedebas,riTac uzrunvelyofs samanevro erTeulis dafarvas. es ki, Tavis mxriv, mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle qvedanayofs xels uSlis Cvens samanevro erTeulze cecxlis warmoebaSi. samanevro erTeuli moZraobs mowinaaRmdegesTan miaxloebis an ufro xelsayrel sacecxle poziciaze gadasvlis mizniT. samanevro erTeulma ar unda daiwyos moZraoba, vidre sacecxle erTeuli ar daiwyebs cecxlis warmoebas. mowinaaRmdegis poziciamde an saTanado safris mqone adgilamde arsebuli manZilis Sesabamisad, moZraobis uwyvetobis SenarCunebis mizniT, samanevro da sacecxle qvedanayofebma SesaZlebelia erTmaneTs funqciebi gaucvalon. vidre samanevro erTeuli gascdebodes sacecxle erTeulis sacecxle mxardaWeris manZils (manZili moicavs sacecxle erTeulis mier gamoyenebuli SeiaraRebis efeqturi cecxlis manZils), sacecxle erTeuli unda imyofebodes cecxlis warmoebisaTvis xelsayrel poziciaze. amis Semdeg isini cvlian funqciebs, anu samanevro erTeuli moqmedebs rogorc sacecxle erTeuli, xolo sacecxle erTeuli _ rogorc samanevro erTeuli. Tu jgufi mowinaaRmdegesTan SexebaSi Sedis, meTaurma unda miuTiTos jariskacebs, ra aris gansaxorcielebeli _ cecxli Tu manevri. aseve, unda ganumartos, saidan da sad unda awarmoon srola an ra mimarTulebiT unda gadaadgildnen. moZraobisas saWiroa gamoyenebuli iqnes dabali cocva, maRali cocva da gadarbenebi.

10. gadaadgileba tankebiT xSirad mdgomareoba moiTxovs tankebze desantirebulad gadaadgilebas. AaseT dros tankze desantirebuli SeiZleba piradi Semadgenloba moeqces mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle zemoqmedebis qveS. Tavis mxriv, tanks SeiZleba SeezRudos koSkuris brunva. Tu realuria mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexvedra, maSin tankidan cota adre unda CamovideT (nax. 4-9). tankze desantirebisaTvis aucilebelia misi meTaurisagan nebarTvis aReba. Aamis Semdeg, ise, rom xeli ar SevuSaloT tyviamfrqvevis gamoyenebas, romelic ganTavsebulia tankis zeda nawilSi, tankze avdivarT marjvena wina mxridan. Semdeg gavdivarT tankis ukana mxares da, wonasworobis SesanarCuneblad, xels vkidebT koSkuras mosaxerxebel adgilze. roca tankze desantirebuli vmoZraobT, ZiriTadi yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT xis totebsa da sxva iseT dabrkolebebze, romelTac SeuZliaT gamoiwvion tankis Zlieri ryeva. tankiT gadaadgileba, ZiriTadad, saSiSia da mas upiratesoba eniWeba maSin, rodesac riski mcirea.

nax. 4-9 tankebTan erTad moZravi qvedanayofi

11. sruli Casangreba

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tankis marjvena gverdidan Camosvla

a. sruli Casangreba xorcieldeba maSin, roca jariskaci mowinaaRmdegis pirispiraa da Tavi unda daicvas misi TvalTvalisa da cecxlisagan (nax. 4-10); b. sruli Casangrebisas mTavaria mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisa da cecxlisagan Tavis dacva. im safris mixedviT, romelSic ganTavsdeba jariskaci, sruli Casangreba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes dgomela, Coqela an wolela mdgomareobaSi; im adgilmdebareobaze, sadac ar aris sakmarisi da saTanado safari, sruli Casangreba miwaze dawoliT xorcieldeba. AaseT SemTxvevaSi mTeli sxeuli, Tavis CaTvliT, mWidrod ekvris miwas; G g. roca xorcieldeba sruli Casangreba jgufisTvis, jgufis meTauri, sargeblobs ra pirvelive xelsayreli SemTxveviT, poulobs Sesaferis adgils _ mowinaaRmdegis adgilsamyoflisa da mdgomareobis dasadgenad, uTvalTvalebs mas da mxolod amis Semdeg gascems komandas Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesaxeb; d. mowinaaRmdegesTan SexebaSi myofi jariskacebis mier ganxorcielebuli Casangreba, Sesasrulebeli amocanebis mixedviT, sxvadasxva wesiT sruldeba: 1) mowinaaRmdegis fenili cecxlis qveS: brZolis yvela etapze mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexeba sroliT xdeba. misgan Tavdasacavad jgufi, aTeuli da oceuli asrulebs srul Casangrebas. es Tavdacva ori formiT warmoebs: a) moulodneli cecxlis qveS aRmoCenisas: qvedanayofis meTauris komandaze _ ,,daweq!“ an jariskacTa meqanikuri reaqciiT, jariskacebi wvebian iqve, sadac dganan da amiT mcirdeba mizani, anu mowinaaRmdegis mier dazianebis faqtori. miwaze wolisas, zedmetad Tavis wamowevis gareSe, warmoebs mizanze TvalTvali. miwaze dawolis Semdeg qvedanayofis meTauri, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, gascems komandas ,,sruli Casangreba!“ da qvedanayofs gadaiyvans sruli Casangrebis mdgomareobaSi. am dros jariskacebi cocviT gadaadgildebian yvelaze axlomdebare safris mimarTulebiT ukan. xolo isini, vinc Sors an gaSlil adgilze imyofebian, gadadian sruli Casangrebis mdgomareobaSi iq, sadac dganan. amgvarad mcirdeba mowinaaRmdegis mier dazianebis faqtori. roca miwaze dawolili jariskaci Tavs wamoswevs, igi, rogorc mizani, ukeT dasanaxi xdeba. miwaze dawolis Semdeg qvedanayofis meTauri aucileblobis SemTxevaSi gascems komandas _ ,,sruli Casangreba!“ da qvedanayofs gadaiyvans sruli Casangrebis mdgomareobaSi. am dros jariskacebi cocviT gadaadgildebian yvelaze axlomdebare safris mimarTulebiT, xolo isini, vinc Sors, an gaSlil adgilze imyofebian, gadadian sruli Casangrebis mdgomareobaSi iq, sadac dganan b) mdgomareoba, romelic iqmneba mowinaaRmdegis mier Cveni danaxvis an gamovlinebis dros (srolis dawyebamde): qvedanayofis meTauri gascems komandas _ ,,sruli Casangreba!“. viTarebidan da adgilmdebareobis reliefidan gamomdinare, jariskacebi, romlebmac miiRes brZaneba, maSinve iwyeben gadaadgilebas garSemo myofi safrebisaken da mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis zemoqmedebisagan icaven Tavs. safrebis mixedviT, jariskacebi SeiZleba daimalon fexze dgomela, Coqela an wolela mdgomareobaSi da iqve Seasrulon komanda _ ,,sruli Casangreba!“ maSasadame, jariskacis qveiTad moqmedebis dros, safris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, xdeba gadaadgileba sirbiliT uaxloes safarSi da damalva nebismier mdgomareobaSi. 2) mowinaaRmdegis mier kiduli cecxlis gaxsnis SemTxvevaSi: misi aRmoCena da gafrTxileba Zalian mokle droSi xdeba. srola SeiZleba vigrZnoT im Wurvis xmiT (stvena,…...), romelic gamosrolilia (gamotyorcnilia) Cveni mimarTulebiT an im cecxliT, romelic Wurvis Camovardnas da gaskdomas mosdevs. A a) pirvelive jariskaci, naRmis stvenis gagonebisTanave, gafrTxilebiT _ ,,Wurvi mofrinavs!” da iqve, adgilze CawoliT, ganaxorcielebs srul Casangrebas; igi pirvelive SemTxvevisTanave ecdeba, adgilmdebareobis reliefidan gamomdinare, ufro saimedo safarSi gadaadgilebas da mimarTavs srul Casangrebas. b) Wurvis afeTqebis xmis gagonebisas, jariskacebis bunebrivi reaqciiT an meTauris brZanebiT, sruli Casangreba xorcieldeba iq, sadac isini imyofebian. Aamis Semdeg, jariskacebi ecdebian Tavi Seafaron ufro saimedo safars da ganaxorcielon sruli Casangreba. 3) sahaero Tavdasxmis dros gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebebi: sahaero Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis miRebisas an sahaero Tavdasxmis SemCnevis SemTxvevaSi is, vinc pirvelad SeamCnevs an qvedanayofis meTauri, gascems komandas _ ,,sahaero Tavdasxma!” (Tu moCans, uCvenebs Tavdasxmis mimarTulebasac), am komandis gagonebisTanave qvedanayofi gaifanteba da axorcielebs srul Casangrebas. Ria (gaSlil) adgilze gafantva: yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom jariskacebs Soris manZili, sul mcire, 10m-mde iyos. Tu cnobilia TviTmfrinavis frenis mimarTuleba, maSin gafantva da Zirs dawola xdeba mis perpendikularulad orive mxares.

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safrian adgilmdebareobaze gafantva: TviTmfrinavis frenis sapirispiro mxridan jariskacebi Sedian safrebSi, TviTmfrinavis frenis mimarTulebis perpendikularulad wvebian miwaze da mimarTaven srul Casangrebas. transportiT gadaadgilebis dros, rodesac sahaero Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb gafrTxilebas miviRebT, Tu SesaZlebelia, jer gaifanteba transporti, Semdeg _ jariskacebi CamoqveiTdebian da ganaxorcieleben srul Casangrebas. xolo roca transportis gafantva ver xerxdeba, jariskacebi CamoqveiTdebian, ifantebian da axorcieleben srul Casangrebas. 4) birTvuli, biologiuri da qimiuri Setevis dros gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebebi: qvedanayofis meTauri, gansazRvravs ra afeTqebis raions, gascems komandas _ ,,birTvuli Seteva!” am komandis gagonebisTanave jariskacebi mimarTaven srul Casangrebas da asruleben qvemoT CamoTvlil moqmedebebs: a) aucilebelia Casvla winaswar momzadebul TxrilSi, Tu aseTi aris; Tu ar aris _ maSin sxva, Sesaferis safarSi; B b) saWiroa Tvalebis daxuWva; G g) tani unda moixaros, rac uzrunvelyofs imas, rom Tavi daculia afeTqebis pirdapiri zemoqmedebisagan; D d) cera TiTebiT unda davixSoT yurebi, Tavi CavmaloT mxrebSi da davxaroT Zirs, saxeze davifaroT xelebi; E e) ar SeiZleba fexze adgoma manam, sanam ar gaivlis meore afeTqebis talRa da ar Sewydeba pirveli radiaqtiuli naleqi;

v) Tu aris dro, Camoicmeba airwinaRi.

nax. 4-10 dawola, sruli Casangreba, TvalTvali da poziciis dakaveba

nawili V

TvalTvali, mizanze orientireba da mxareebis gansazRvra

1. Sinaarsi TvalTvali ewodeba raime raionSi myofi mowinaaRmdegis an adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis mizniT, adgilmdebareobis gansazRvruli monakveTidan warmoebul sistemur Seswavlas, romelic xorcieldeba SeuiaraRebli TvaliT an optikuri, eleqtronuli da sxva saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. adgils, romelic SerCeulia moxerxebuli TvalTvalisaTvis da momzadebulia TvalTvalis gansaxorcieleblad, saTvalTvalo punqti ewodeba. qvedanayofi, romlis funqciaSic Sedis mis sapasuxismgeblo raionSi mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvali da mosmena, ikavebs Sesabamis poziciebs. piradi Semadgenloba, romelic axorcielebs TvalTvals, uzrunvelyofs qvedanayofis usafrTxoebas imiT, rom awvdis mas informacias mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb.

2. dRisiT TvalTvali

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sruli Casangreba!daweq! TvalTvali daikave pozicia!

a. saTvalTvalo adgilmdebareobis saerTo gacxrilva (Semowmeba): moTvalTvale, misi pasuxismgeblobis seqtorSi, akvirdeba adgilmdebareobas: aqvs Tu ara bunebrivi forma da Seferiloba. TvalTvali warmoebs saTvalTvalo punqtis win arsebuli adgilmdebareobidan uSores zRudemde. es procesi swrafad da yuradRebiTaa Casatarebeli. Tu ar aris miTiTebuli saTvalTvalo raionis bolo sazRvari, maSin TvalTvali gagrZeldeba im siRrmemde, sanamdec xedva SesaZlebelia. Tu teritoria saamisod farToa, maSin is zonebad daiyofa da TvalTvali ise iwarmoeba (nax. 5-1).

nax. 5-1 adgilmdebareobis TvalTvali

b. adgilmdebareobis Semowmeba zonebis saSualebiT: moTvalTvale raions, romelzedac is pasuxs agebs, ormocdaaT-ormocdaaTi metri siganis nawilebad hyofs; pirveli zona dgindeba axlodan Sori mimarTulebiT _ marjvnidan marcxniv, meore zona _ marcxnidan marjvniv da TvalTvali grZeldeba. raime saeWvos SemCnevisTanave, yuradReba mas unda miepyros (nax. 5-2).

nax. 5-2 adgilmdebareobis TvalTvali ormocdaaTi metri siganis zonebze

3. RamiT TvalTvali RamiT xedvis xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT, RamiT TvalTvalis wesebi igivea, rac dRisiT TvalTvalis dros. roca aseTi xelsawyoebi ar gvaqvs, maSin TvalTvali Semdegi wesiT warmoebs: a. Rame TvaliT Semowmeba: RamiT TvalTvalis dasawyebad, jer Tvali unda SeeCvios sibneles; es amcirebs mxedvelobiT Secdomebs. RamiT saTvalTvalod gamoiyeneba ori wesi:

1) TvaliT Semowmeba zonebis meTodiT: igi hgavs zonebis TvalTvals dRisiT. vinaidan RamiT raionis savaraudo gansazRvra TvaliT SeuZlebelia, saTvalTvalo zonaSi xvdeba mxolod is monakveTi, romlis siganis TvalTvals 6-10 wami sWirdeba, siRrmisas _ 3 wami (nax.5-3).

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50 m

100 m

150 m

200 m

250 m

nax. 5-3 TvalTvali zonebis mixedviT

2) TvalTvali kvadratebis meTodiT: pasuxismgeblobis raions mTlianad vamowmebT. jer axlomdebare adgilebs, Semdeg igive procedura meordeba raionis SigniT da ase grZeldeba mTel teritoriaze (nax. 5-4).

nax. 5-4 TvalTvali kvadratebis meTodiT

b. arapirdapiri dakvirveba: rodesac RamiT mizans uTvalTvalebT, mxolod pirdapiri dakvirvebis meTodis gamoyeneba uSedegoa. Aamis mizezia RamiT mxedvelobis susti unari. jariskacebma unda iswavlon arapirdapiri dakvirvebiT sargebloba. am dros SesaZlebeli xdeba, miznisken arapirdapiri cqeriT dainaxon maTgan 100-iT marjvniv, marcxniv an zemoT. mxedvelobis am unars safuZvlad udevs Tvalis struqturuli agebuleba. arapirdapiri dakvirveba, ZiriTadad, calkeul, patara miznebze gamoiyeneba (nax. 5-5).

nax. 5-5 arapirdapiri dakvirveba

g. adgilmdebareobis detaluri Semowmeba RamiT: es meTodi gamoiyeneba farTo raionze TvalTvalisas, rodesac Tvali amCnevs mkveTr moZraobebs. Mmzera TiToeul wertilze 6-10 wami Cerdeba. raime saeWvos SemCnevisas Tvalebi, arapirdapiri dakvirvebis unaris meSveobiT, mimotardeba miznis garSemo (nax. 5-6).

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mxedvelobis xazi 6º - 10º

nax. 5-6 adgilmdebareobis detaluri Semowmeba RamiT

d. sibnelisadmi miCvevis uzrunvelyofa: es meTodi amcirebs sibnelisadmi Tvalebis mgrZnobelobas, amasTanave, am saSualebis gamoyenebis saWiroeba izrdeba arasakmarisi ganaTebis dros. 1) jariskacebi gansxvavebulad (sxvadasxva intensivobiTa da doniT) eguebian sibneles. Tvalebis mgrZnobeloba pirvel 30 wuTSi, daaxloebiT, 10000-jer imatebs; 2) sibnelisadmi kargad miCvevis Semdeg, Tvalebze mxolod mbzinavi sxivi (asanTis, xelis farnis, transportis farebis msgavsi) axdens zemoqmedebas. am mdgomareobidan gamosvla grZeldeba daaxloebiT 45 wuTi; 3) jariskacebma unda icodnen, rom RamiT ferebis garCevis unari mcirdeba; 4) RamiT mcirdeba danaxvis siswrafec. mxedvelobis simaxvile, RamiT, dResTan SedarebiT, mcirdeba 1/7-mde da, amitomac, jariskacebi RamiT mxolod mozdil miznebs xedaven. es imas niSnavs, rom RamiT miznis daTvaliereba xdeba zogadad da uxeSad. Ramis sibnele gavlenas mgrZnobelobazec axdens da amcirebs mas.

4. viTareba, roca saWiroa TvalTvali da miyuradeba saTvalTvalo raionSi mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis dasadgenad saWiroa qvemoT moyvanili viTarebis codna: a. xmebi: unda mivayuradoT iseT xmebs, rogorebicaa _ fexis xma, totebis an gamxmari foTlebis Sriali, xveleba, aRWurvilobis an transportis mier gamocemuli xmauri. Tumca, am xmebis gamorCeva brZolis velze myofi cxovelebis xmebisagan sakmaod rTulia. xmebs SeuZlia gamoaaSkaraon mowinaaRmdegis mimarTuleba da misi ganlagebis adgili. marTalia, es xmebi ver dagvexmareba mowinaaRmdegis adgilsamyoflis sabolood gansazRvraSi, magram maT SeuZliaT gaaadvilon adgilis dadgena; b. mtveri an transportis gamonabolqvi airebi: gadaadgilebisas qvedanayofi da moZravi transporti, rogorc wesi, mtvers ayenebs. amis garda, am mtvers transportidan gamonabolqvi airebic Seereva. aseTi mtvriTa da airebiT warmoqmnili Rrublis garCeva sakmaod Sori manZilidanac SeiZleba; G g. gadaadgileba: raionSi qvedanayofebis moZraobis gansazRvra dazverviT SeiZleba; d. poziciebi: mowinaaRmdegis poziciebis Zebna SeiZleba mixveul-moxveul gzebze, mTis wverebze, calke mdgom Senobebsa Tu sxva, advilad gamosarCev adgilebSi. amis garda, kargad unda gaiCxrikos xeebiT daburuli, buCqnaris msgavsi samalavebiani da safriani raionebi; e. konturebi da Crdilebi: Sesamowmebelia mowinaaRmdegis jariskacis, aRWurvilobis, transportisa da iaraRis CrdilebiT an areklviT warmoqmnili konturebi. MmowinaaRmdegem

43

YyuradReba!RamiT xedvis xelsawyoebi, marTalia, exmareba jariskacebs RamiT xedvaSi,

magram, amasTanave, (amcireben) auareseben zogierT sxva grZnobas, iseTebs, rogoricaa: smena, ynosva, SegrZneba (zogadad). amis mizezi Semdegia: is, vinc RamiT xedvis xelsawyos iyenebs, ufro koncentrirebulia maTze da amiT sakuTar, bunebriv grZnobas nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs. rodesac meTaurebi RamiT moqmedebas amzadeben, gasaTvaliswinebelia yvela SegrZnebis Tavisebureba. amitom zogierTi, garkveuli saxis moZraobisas, TvalTvalisTvis gamoyenebuli unda iqnes RamiT xedvis xelsawyoebi, zogjer ki saWiroa, jariskacebma amisaTvis grZnobis sakuTari organoebi gamoiyenon.

Tavisi Tavisa da aRWurvilobis dasamalavad SeiZleba gamoiyenos xeebis an Senobebis Crdilebi. umravles SemTxvevebSi, mowinaaRmdege unda moiZebnos Crdilian adgilebSi; v. mbzinavi an TvalismomWreli sagnebi: sibneleSi yuradReba unda mieqces anTebul sigarets, farebs an xelis lampebis Suqs. igivea saWiro dRisiTac, sxivis amreklavi, horizontaluri, swori, gluvi, gadatkecili da mbzinavi zedapirebis mimarT. aseve, sayuradReboa iseTi detalebi, rogoricaa transportis wina minebi, saaTis mina, SeuniRbavi kani; z. Seusabamo ferebi: yuradReba unda mieqces tansacmlis, aRWurvilobisa da kanis ferebis Seusabamobas miwis ferTan. MmagaliTad: jariskacis maisuris an pirsaxocis feris Seusabamobam miwis ferTan SesaZloa gamoiwvios maTi gamoaaSkaraveba.

5. savaraudo manZilis gansazRvra imisaTvis, rom brZolis velze arsebul miznebs zustad gavuxsnaT cecxli, saWiroa manZilis dazusteba. M savaraudod gamoangariSebis pirobebi qvemoTaa gadmocemuli: a. 100-metriani SualedebiT dayofis meTodi (dRisiT): adgilmdebareobaze TvalzomiT ganisazRvreba 100-metriani monakveTi. M500 metramde manZili gaizomeba am 100-metriani monakveTebiT. 1000 metrze meti manZilis gazomvisas _ samiznemde arsebuli sigrZe iyofa or nawilad, erTi nawili izomeba 100-100-metriani monakveTis meSveobiT. 100-metriani monakveTebis raodenoba ikribeba da misi orze gamravlebiT miiReba Sedegi. Dreliefis daxriloba cvlis 100-metriani monakveTis realur zomas. aRmarTis SemTxvevaSi, manZili 100 metrze meti iqneba, daRmarTis SemTxvevaSi ki _ 100 metrze naklebi. amitomac saWiroa, rom amaRlebul monakveTze manZili realurad arsebulze ufro naklebi ivaraudebodes, qvemoT daxrilze ki _ ufro meti. 100-100-metriani SualedebiT dayofis meTodis dros, Sedegis siswore damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad mkafiod Cans monakveTi. im SemTxvevaSi, roca manZili 500 metri an ufro metia, piradi Semadgenloba xedavs mxolod masa da samiznes Soris arsebuli monakveTis erT nawils. Aaqedan gamomdinare, am meTodis gamoyeneba, sizustis TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod Znelia.

b. manZilis gansazRvra miznebis gamosaxulebis meSveobiT: aRniSnuli meTodi daxrili reliefisaTvis gamoiyeneba, raTa manZilis savaraudo dadgena moxdes miznis sididisa da Semadgeneli nawilebis detalebidan gamomdinare. es meTodi gamoiyeneba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. MmagaliTad: transportis mZRoli gadaswrebis dros, gansazRvravs gadaswrebis savaraudo manZils Semxvedri transportis gabaritebis meSveobiT. transportis mZRols ar ainteresebs gzis monakveTis namdvili sidide; win mimavali manqanis gadaswrebisaTvis, misTvis sainteresoa mxolod gadaswrebisa da usafrTxoebisaTvis sakmarisi manZili. DdavuSvaT, mZRolma icis, rom Tu mopirdapire mxridan momavali manqana 1,5km daSorebiTaa, maSin am manZilidan misi sigane 2,5sm Cans, simaRle _ 5sm da manZili Suqfarebs Soris _ 1,25sm. ase rom, roca manqanis mZRoli 1,5km siSoridan momaval manqanas dainaxavs, mis Sesabamisad, SeuZlia sakuTari moZraobis regulireba. manZilis savaraudo gansazRvris analogiuri meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT brZolis velzec. rodesac viciT CvenTvis cnobil monakveTze myofi qvedanayofebisa da aRWurvilobis detalebi da zomebi, maSin SesaZlebelia gamovTvaloT ucnob adgilze, CvenTvis cnobili detalebisa da sidideebis mqone miznebi. Tu es detalebi msgavsia, maSin manZilis gamoTvlac advilia. miznebis gansazRvrisTvis danaxvis meTodis gamosayeneblad, aucilebelia sxvadasxva monakveTebis miznebis garegnuli detalebis codna. im pirobebis garda, roca miznis danaxva gaZnelebulia (amindi, kvamli, sibnele da a.S.), aRniSnuli meTodi SeiZleba praqtikulad gamosayenebeli iyos.

g. meTodebis gaerTianeba: manZilis savaraudo gansazRvrisTvis saomari pirobebi SesaZloa yovelTvis xelsayreli ar iyos. Tu 100-100-metriani SualedebiT dayofis meTodi adgilisa da miznis gamoCenas xels uSlis, maSin iZulebuli vxdebiT, gamoviyenoT am meTodebis Serwyma. magaliTad, Tu manZili miznamde mTlianad ar Cans, magram SevZeliT gagverCia misi sidide da detalebi, maSin manZilis savaraudo gansazRvris Sansi jer kidev aris. Mmsubuqi nislis dros rTulia miznis detalebis garCeva, Tumca, 100-100-metriani SualedebiT dayofis meTodi saSualebas iZleva, ganisazRvros miznis sidide. Aam meTodebidan erT-erTis an yvelas gamoyenebiT, SesaZloa dadgindes manZilis realur zomasTan miaxloebuli sidide.D d. sinaTlisa da xmis meTodi: aRniSnuli meTodi yvelaze ukeT RamiT gamoiyeneba. xma haerSi vrceldeba 340 m/wm siCqariT. es ki iZleva imis saSualebas, rom am xmis gamocemis mizezis _ moZraobis SemCnevisas, gamoviTvaloT realur manZilTan miaxloebuli savaraudo sidide.

44

iaraRidan srolis, kvamlis an mtvris Rrublis gamoCenisTanave unda daviwyoT daTvla _ erT wamSi sami Tvlis tempiT. srolis xmis gagebisTanave Tvla wydeba. daTvlili ricxvi mravldeba samze. am meTodiT gamoiTvleba daaxloebiTi manZili asobiT metriT daSorebul iaraRebamde. Tu erT Tvlaze gaCerdiT, maSin manZili iqneba, daaxloebiT, 340 metri; Tu samze gaCerdiT _ manZili daaxloebiT 1020 metria. roca Tvla cxra ricxvze metia, iTvliT cxramde da Semdeg iwyebT Tvlas Tavidan (imitom, rom cxra ricxvis zemoT daTvlam SeiZleba ufro meti dro dagakargvinoT). e. TiTebiT gansazRvris meTodi: erT xels SliT win, mkerdis perpendikularulad. xuWavT marcxena Tvals, cera TiTis wveriTa da marjvena TvaliT moiniSnavT savaraudo manZils samiznemde. xelisa da TiTis gaunZrevlad, xuWavT marjvena Tvals da axelT marcxenas. yuradReba unda miaqcioT im axal wertils, romelic amjerad cera TiTis wveris marjvnivaa. unda ivaraudoT, ra manZilia am wertilsa da samiznes Soris. monakveTis navaraudebi sigrZe (metrebSi) unda gaamravloT aTze. miRebuli ricxvi iZleva manZilis sidides (metrebSi) miznamde im adgilidan, sadac Cven vimyofebiT. v. manZilis savaraudo gansazRvra misi gadataniT nacnobi monakveTisken: am meTodiT manZili savaraudod Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: igi warmodgeniT unda gadavitanoT ukve nacnobi, gazomili manZilisken, radgan maTi SedarebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba manZilis savaraudo gansazRvra. z. manZilis savaraudo gansazRvra rukiT: Tu raionis ruka arsebobs, maSin misi saSualebiT miiReba yvelaze swori Sedegi, gansakuTrebiT, es saukeTeso meTodia Sori manZilebis gamosaTvlelad. or wertils Soris gasazomi manZili rukaze izomeba qaRaldiT, da, Tu gvaqvs, _ saxazaviT. rukis masStabTan Sedarebuli gazomili sigrZe warmoadgens saZiebeli manZilis horizontalur gegmils.

magaliTad: vTqvaT, 1/25000 masStabis rukaze or wertils Soris gazomili manZilia 5sm.

M

T. manZilis savaraudo gansazRvra SeiaraRebis samizne durbindis saSualebiT (nax. 5-7): samizneSi aris horizontaluri da vertikaluri danayofebi. erTi danayofis fasia 1000 metri. mocemuli miznis zomebi gaizomeba imiT, Tu ramden xazs moicavs isini SigniT arsebul danayofebSi. magaliTad: cnobilia, rom tankis sigrZe 5 metria. Sors myofi tankis sidide durbindis SigniT arsebul danayofebian xazze gaizomeba sami danayofiT; imisaTvis, rom vipovoT manZili, saWiroa qvemoT moyvanili formulis gamoyeneba:

es aris tanksa da Cvens Soris arsebuli manZili.

1) horizontalur xazze, nulidan dawyebuli, 10-10 miliemis daSorebiT, marjvniv da marcxniv, 50-miliemiani danayofebia; 2) vertikalur xazze nulidan 2000-mde 100-100 iardis Semcveli danayofebia; 3) es danayofebi M3, M8, M9, M13A1, M16, M17 da M17A1 xelis durbindebSia; 4) durbindiT manZilis savaraudo gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba horizontaluri xazi mxolod miliemiani danayofebiT.miliemiani danayofebiT.

45

10

5 0

20

15

xazebs Soris manZili 5-5 miliemia

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 4 5xazis sisqe _ 2 miliemi

tyviamfrqvevis kiduli traeqtoriis cecxlis dros gamoyenebuli iardiani danayofi (nulidan 2000 iardamde)

xazebs Soris manZili 5-5 miliemia

10 miliemi10 miliemi

nax. 5-7 durbindis Sida danayofebi i. manZilis savaraudo gansazRvra Sualeduri meTodiT: unda gadavwyvitoT, Tu

rogori SeiZleba iyos savaraudo manZili _ maqsimaluri (udidesi) da minimaluri (umciresi) zomiT. Aam ori varaudis jamis naxevari mogvcems miznamde saSualo manZils.

6. mizanCveneba piradi Semadgenlobis mier efeqturi cecxlis warmoebisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania mizanCveneba. a. zogadi sakiTxebi: 1)Yyovelive is, rasac gvinda rom mivaRwioT brZolis velze _ miRweva (daniSnulebis adgilamde), dazianeba, xelSi Cagdeba _ mizans warmoadgens. brZolis dros, Cvenze dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesasruleblad, aucilebelia sworad da srulad gavigoT Cveni mizani. amisaTvis saWiroa, miznis Cveneba da aRwera maTTvis, visac is ar unaxavs. 2) brZolis dros mniSvnelovania, calkeuli jariskacis doneze, CvenTvis sasurveli miznebis aRwera, gansakuTrebiT imaTi, romlebic unda daziandes. 3) brZolis velze mizanCvenebisTvis gavrcelebulia sxvadasxva meTodebi. Eesenia: a) mizanCveneba xeliT; b) mizanCveneba damxmare wertilis meTodiT; g) mizanCveneba TiTebis meTodiT; d) mizanCveneba srolis (cecxlis) meTodiT (mgezavi tyviis gamoyeneba); e) mizanCveneba SaSxaniT Cvenebis meTodiT. 4) mizanCvenebisas, piri, romelsac uCveneben, daasaxelebs miznis axlomdebare adgils da amiT, rogorc wesi, irkveva _ gaigo Tu ara man axsnili. b. mimarTuleba da savaraudo manZili mizanCvenebisas: 1) mizanCvenebisas, miznis an damxmare wertilis gansazRvra xdeba miznis an damxmare wertilis mimarTulebis, manZilisa da saxeobis gansazRvriT. mimarTuleba ase aRiwereba: Cveni mxaridan: win pirdapir, win marjvniv, win marcxniv an saaTis mixedviT. 2) saaTis mixedviT mizanCvenebisas, vTqvaT, Cveni aRsaweri mizani mdebareobs iq, sadac saaTze cifri 12-ia, maSin, miznis mimarTulebis gasarkvevad, sakmarisia saaTis cifrebis dasaxeleba (magaliTad 12, 11, 10, 1, 2, 3). 3) manZili mieTiTeba saTanado meTodis gamoyenebiT (savaraudo manZilis

gansazRvris meTodiT). 4) mizanCvenebisas, marjvena-marcxenas nacvlad gamoiyeneba CrdiloeTi-samxreTi an aRmosavleTi-dasavleTi, aseve, wina-ukanas nacvlad _ aqeTa-iqiTa. damxmare wertilis mizanCvenebisas mimarTulebis nacvlad gamoiyeneba terminebi _ marjvena-marcxena. g. mizanCvenebis meTodebi: 1) mizanCveneba xeliT: patara, Znelad sapovneli miznebis mizanCveneba xdeba xeliT. xeliT mizanCvenebisas msroleli im piris ukan dgeba, romelic mizanCvenebas awarmoebs; mzera mimarTulia msrolelis zurgidan mxris, mklavis, TiTebis mimarTulebiT. msroleli cdilobs miznis danaxvas. 2) mizanCveneba damxmare wertilis meTodiT: a) es meTodi gamoiyeneba iseTi miznebis aRwerisTvis, romlebic TvalSi uceb ar mogvxvdeba, damalulia an aRsawerad Znelia. AaseTi miznebis mizanCvenebisaTvis, damxmare wertilad SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli adgilmdebareobis xiluli, gamokveTili obieqtebi; b) damxmare wertilis meTodiT mizanCvenebisaTvis, miznis mimdebare teritoriaze SeirCeva damxmare wertili, romelzedac miTiTeba advilia da mizani misi mixedviT aRiwereba. Aamis Semdeg xdeba miznis, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ meore damxmare wertilis aRwera; g) damxmare wertilis marjvena da marcxena mxareebi msrolelis mzeris mimarTulebis marjvena da marcxena mxareebia; d) imisaTvis, rom ar moxdes miznisa da damxmare wertilis erTmaneTSi areva, miznis aRwerisas gansakuTrebiT esmeba xazi imas, rom aRniSnuli wertili damxmarea;

46

e) qvemoT moyvanilia jgufis meTauris mier metyviamfrqvevisaTvis miznis aRweris magaliTi:

jgufis meTauri: metyviamfrqveve win orientiri _ patara qoxi mizani _ mowinaaRmdege poziciaze, erTi TiTiT marjvniv 200m msxvilkalibr. tyv. msr. : 50m aqeT ruxi feris qvebis grova

v) pirma, romlisTvisac Catarda mizanveneba, miznis siaxloves unda aRweros rame sxva obieqti, riTac is miznis aRmwers daudasturebs, rom mizani gaigo. gaugebrobisas unda Seatyobinos _ gaugebaria, gaimeore! (cxrili 5-1)

aRsaweri

wertili

mimarTuleba

MmanZili

(Sualedi)

(misi)adgili

saxeoba(tipi)

manZili adgili saxeoba

pirveli damxmare wertili

pirdapir win, win marjvniv, win marcxniv, Cv.Mmarjv. Cv.Mmarcx. ST.

...metri carieli mindori, kldiani mTa, tyiani mTa, mwvane mindori, yviTeli mindori, moxnulimindori

zustad iq, ...metri,...mindori ...miliemi

mis marjvniv, mis marcxniv, mis iqiT, mis aqiT, mis win.

erTi xe, xeebi, ...mindori,...Senoba, ...klde

momdevno wertili

...metri,

...metri,

...miliemi

mis marjv., mis marcx., mis iqiT, mis aqiT, marjv., mis win, marcx., mis ukan

moTibuli mindori,1 xe, xeebi,1 Senoba, gza, gzajvare-dini

marcxniv, mis ukan, mis zemoT, mis ZirSi, mis SuaSi

...meore (sxva), xeoba, aburduli gza

mizani ...metri, iqve

is marjv., mis marcx., mis iqiT, mis aqiT, win marjv., win marcx., mis zemoT

mowinaaRm.qveiTi, tanki, javS.trans-portiorispozicia, araukugor-viTi qvemexi.tyviamfr-qvevi

cxrili 5-1 miznis aRwera

47

3) mizanCveneba TiTiT _ TiTiT mizanCvenebis meTodi gamoiyeneba damxmare wertilsa da mizans Soris intervalis gansazRvrisTvis an miznis siganis gasazomad. Hhorizontalurad gaSveril xelze aweuli cera TiTi (danarCeni TiTebi moxrilia), cali TvaliT gaxedvisas aRniSnavs 35 an 40 danayofis Semcvel siganes (1 danayofi 1000m daSorebiT aRniSnavs 1m siganes). marjvena (marcxena) Tvali ixuWeba, aweuli cera TiTis marjvena (marcxena) kide mimarTulia damxmare wertilisken; Tavis gaunZrevlad gaiReba marjvena (marcxena) Tvali, meore Tvali ixuWeba. imave kididan gaxedvisas, cera TiTi 100 danayofamde marcxniv (marjvniv) gadaixreba. Tu cera TiTs movRunavT, miznis aRwera SeiZleba sxva TiTebiTac.

M magaliTi: metyviamfrqveve win marjvnivD damxmare wertili: gzis ganStoebaM mizani: ori TiTiT marjvniv MmowinaaRmdegis dabrkolebebi oTxi-xuTi-nuli

4) mizanCveneba sroliT (cecxliT): brZolis dros gamoiyeneba iaraRis sroliT mizanCvenebis meTodi. saCvenebel mizans gaexsneba cecxli qveiTis an sxva iaraRiT. mizanCveneba tyviis moxvedris adgilis mixedviT xorcieldeba. 5) mizanCveneba iaraRiT: es meTodi, ufro xSirad, gamoiyeneba tyviamfrqvevis msgavsi uZravi, dazgiani iaraRisTvis, fexebiani durbindisa da im saSualebebisTvis, romelTa miznis gansazRvra samizne wreebiT xdeba. am dros miznis aRmweri amoiRebs mas mizanSi da sxva jariskacebs iaraRiT aniSnebs, rom gaixedon am iaraRis mimarTulebiT _ uCvenebs mizans.7. mxareebis gansazRvra a. zogadi sakiTxebi: sabrZolo viTarebaSi, ucnob adgilmdebareobaze gadaadgilebis dros, aucilebelia gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis sworad gansazRvra. daniSnulebis adgilamde (punqtamde) misasvlelad saWiroa dadgindes, romel mxares mdebareobs igi. ar unda daviviwyoT, rom sabrZolo viTarebaSi, daniSnulebis adgilis mdebareobisa da gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis daudgenlad, piradi Semadgenloba SesaZloa rTul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes.

1) mxareebis gansazRvra mxareebi SesaZlebelia uxeSad daiyos marjvena, marcxena, wina da ukana mxareebad. magram amasTan erTad, saWiroa iseTi saerTo aRniSvnebisa da terminebis SemoReba, romelic SesaZlebelia iqnas gamoyenebuli dedamiwis nebismier adgilze. am TvalsazrisiT mxareebis gansazRvrisas, samxedro miznebisaTvis gamoiyeneba CrdiloeTis, samxreTis, aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis cnebebi, maTTan dakavSirebuli kuTxis sazomi erTeulebi da sakoordinato sistemebi. a) horizontis mxareebi:

horizonts oTxi ZiriTadi mxare aqvs: CrdiloeTi, samxreTi, aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi. Sualeduri mimarTulebebia: CrdiloeTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris: Crdilo-aRmosavleTi, CrdiloeTsa da dasavleTs Soris: Crdilo-dasavleTi, samxreTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris: samxreT-aRmosavleTi, samxreTsa da dasavleTs Soris: samxreT-dasavleTi. rukaze horizontis mxareebi Semdegnairad aris ganlagebuli: zeda mxares _ CrdiloeTia, qveviT-samxreTi, marjvniv _ aRmosavleTi, marcxniv _ dasavleTi. b) kuTxis sazomi erTeulebi:

kuTxis sazomad praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba gradusi, miliemi (mil-i, meaTasedi), gradi.

I) gradusi: erTi gradusi aris centraluri kuTxe, romelic wrewiris sigrZis 1/360 rkals eyrdnoba. erTi gradusi 60 wuTs Seicavs; erT minutSi 60 sekundia. gradusebSi gamosaxuli Canaweri: 390 1845 ase waikiTxeba: ocdacxrameti gradusi, Tvrameti minuti, ormocdaxuTi sekundi. II) miliemi: erTi mileimi aris centraluri kuTxe, romelic wrewiris sigrZis 1/6400 rkals eyrdnoba. 1000 metris toli radiusis mqone wrewiris 1-metri sigrZis rkalis Sesabamisi centraluri kuTxe 1 miliemis tolia. iaraRis lulis mimarTulebis 1 miliemis toli kuTxiT Secvla yovel 1000 metr manZilze damiznebis wertilis 1 metriT gadaadgilebas iwvevs (2000 metrze _ 2 metri, 3000 metrze _ 3 metri da a.S.). Tu manZili mocemulia or wertils Soris metrebSi, xolo manZili mesame wertilidan am ori wertilis SemaerTebel xazamde _ kilometrebSi, maSin SesaZlebelia mesame wertilidan pirvelsa da meore wertilebisaken mimarTulebaTa Soris mdebare kuTxis gansazRvra. amisaTvis sargebloben formuliT:

48

kuTxe miliemebSi =

sadac A _ aris manZili pirvelsa da meore wertils Soris metrebSi, M _ kilometrebSi gamosaxuli manZili mesame wertilidan pirveli da meore wertilebis SemaerTebel xazamde.

magaliTi: A=84m M=12km

kuTxe miliemebSi = =7 miliemi

am formulis gamoyeneba karg Sedegs iZleva, Tu kuTxe 400 miliemze meti ar aris. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, gamoTvlis Sedegi Zalze miaxloebiTia. III) gradi: kuTxis sazom am erTeuls zogierT topografiul rukaze iyeneben. erTi gradi aris kuTxe, romelic wrewiris kuTxuri zomis 1/400 Seadgens. 1 gradi 100 metrul minuts Seicavs. Tavis mxriv, 1 metruli minuti 100 metruli sekundisagan Sedgeba. gradebSi gamoxatuli Canaweri: 175g 14 c 44cc ikiTxeba Semdegnairad: 175 gradi, 14 metruli minuti da 44 metruli sekundi. g) urTierTkavSiri kuTxis sazom erTeulebs Soris I) 1 gradusi 17,8 miliems Seicavs: gradusebSi gamosaxuli kuTxis miliemebSi gadasayvanad saWiroa gradusebSi gamosaxuli kuTxe 17,8-ze gamravldes,

saidanac vRebulobT:

1 gradusi = miliemi 17,8 miliemi

II) analogiuri gamoTvlebiT miviRebT, rom 1 miliemi = 0,056 gradusi an 1 miliemi 3,4 minuti

Tu gvinda miliemebSi gamosaxuli kuTxe gradusebSi gadaviyvanoT, maSin igi 0,056-ze unda gavamravloT.

2) sawyisi mimarTulebebi: sabrZolo moqmedebebSi mimarTulebaTa gansazRvrisaTvis sawyisad Crdilo mimarTulebaa miRebuli. arsebobs CrdiloeTis sami mimarTuleba. esenia: WeSmariti (geografiuli), CrdiloeTi mimarTuleba Crdilo geografiuli polusisken; magnituri CrdiloeTi anu mimarTuleba Crdilo magnituri polusisken da rukis sakoordinato badis vertikaluri xazebis Crdilo mimarTuleba. a) WeSmariti namdvili (geografiuli) CrdiloeTi mdebareobs Crdilo geografiul polusTan. nebismier wertilze gamavali geografiuli meridianis erT-erTi mimarTuleba CrdiloeTisaa, misi sapirispiro _ samxreTis. geografiuli meridianebis Crdilo mimarTuleba rukaze varskvlaviT aRiniSneba. b) magnituri CrdiloeTis mimarTulebas, normaluri magnituri velis pirobebSi, kompasis (an sxva romelime msgavsi xelsawyos) Tavisuflad moZravi isari aCvenebs. rukebze es mimarTuleba isriT aris naCvenebi. g) sakoordinato badis vertikaluri xazebis Crdilo mimarTulebas iyeneben rukaze muSaobisas, magnituri meridianis Crdilo mimarTulebas _ kompasis gamoyenebisas, xolo WeSmarit anu geografiuli CrdiloeT polusisken mimarTulebis gamoyeneba ki yvela SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli. 3) horizontis mxareebis gansazRvris meTodebi: a) mxaris gansazRvra kompasiT: kompasis isris erTi bolo mudmivad Crdilo magnituri polusisken aris mimarTuli. kompasis ciferblatze ori wriuli skalaa mocemuli. erTze wrewiri gradusebad aris dayofili, xolo meoreze miliemebad. Crdilo mimarTuleba 0 an 360 gradusi da, Sesabamisad, 0 an 6400 miliemia. samxreTi mimarTuleba 180 gradusi an 3200 miliemia; saaTis isris moZraobis mimarTulebiT aTvlili 90 gradusi an 1600 miliemi aRmosavleTiTaa, xolo 270 gradusi an 4800 miliemi _ dasavleTiT (nax. 5-8).

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dasavleTi 4800 mil.2700

CrdiloeTi6400 mil. 0 mil.

3600 00

aRmosavleTi

1600 mil.900

3200 mil. 1800

samxreTi

nax. 5-8 mxareebis gansazRvra kompasiT

b) horizontis mxareebis gansazRvra rukis meSveobiT: rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rukis zeda mxare Crdilo mimarTulebas aCvenebs, qveda _ samxreTs, marjvena _ aRmosavleTs, marcxena _ dasavleTs. Tu SevZlebT rukis gaorientirebas, anu rukis ise daWeras, rom masze gamosaxuli obieqtebis mdebareoba an maTi mimarTuleba adgilmdebareobis Sesabamisi obieqtebis mdebareobas an mimarTulebas daemTxves, maSin horizontis mxareebi gansazRvruli iqneba, anu rukis Crdilo mxare horizontis Crdilo mxares daemTxveva, samxreTi _ samxreTs, aRmosavleTi _ aRmosavleTs da dasavleTi _ dasavleTs. horizontis mxareebis am xerxiT gansazRvris dros saWiroa: I) gvaxsovdes, rom rukis badis vertikaluri xazebi CrdiloeTidan samxreTisken aris gavlebuli da isini urTierTparaleluria; horizontuli xazebi aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT aris gavlebuli da isini urTierTparaleluria. II) adgilmdebareobaze da rukaze unda SeviswavloT advilad amosacnobi, xazovani orientirebi: saavtomobilo gzebi da sarkinigzo magistralebi, eleqtrogadamcemi da kavSirgabmulobis xazebi, arxebi, mdinareebi da sxva. III) ruka adgilmdebareobas SevuTavsoT ise, rom rukaze pirobiTi niSnebiT aRniSnuli orientirebi adgilmdebareobis Sesabamis obieqtebs daemTxves (mimarTulebebi paraleluri unda iyos). nax. 5-9-ze _ gza adgilmdebareobaze da Sesabamisi gza rukaze urTierTparaleluria. aseT mdgomareobaSi rukis furclis dasaxelebis Sesaxeb arsebuli warwera CrdiloeT mxares emTxveva. g) mxareebis gansazRvra Crdilis daboloebis meSveobiT (nax. 5-10) Semdegnairad xdeba: I) swori joxi vertikalurad CavarWoT miwaSi. joxis Crdilis bolo movniSnoT qviT (joxiT an sxva saSualebiT) II) davelodoT Crdilis 10sm-iT gadaadgilebas (120-santimetriani joxis Crdilis 10sm-ze gadaadgilebisaTvis 10 wuTia saWiro) da am Crdilis boloc movniSnoT. III) SevaerToT pirveli Crdilis bolo meoresTan. miRebuli xazi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTiT iqneba mimarTuli.

nax. 5-9 mxareebis gansazRvra rukiT

mimarTulebebi erTmaneTSi rom ar agverios, unda gvaxsovdes, rom mzis xiluli gadaadgileba caze aRmosavleTidan iwyeba, samxreTs gaivlis da SuadRis Semdeg dasavleTisken grZeldeba. Crdilis gadaadgileba ki piriqiT, dasavleTidan aRmosavleTiT xdeba. amitom joxis Crdilis pirveli bolo yovelTvis dasavleT mimarTulebas uCvenebs xazze, meore ki aRmosavleTs. joxis sigrZe SeiZleba 120sm-ze meti iyos, anu igi vertikalurad ar

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CrdiloeTi 1/25 000 BUIRSA G22 64

gza rukaze

samxreTi

aRmosavleTi

gzaadgilmdebareobaze

gza

dasavleTi

iyos miwaSi CarWobili, es horizontis mxareebis gansazRvris sizusteze gavlenas ar moaxdens. amitom cicabo ferdobebze maRalbalaxovani mcenareulobiT dafarul adgilebSi sakmarisia gaSlili xelis sigrZis swori adgili. joxis CarWoba miwaSi nebismier manZilze dasaSvebia. joxis nacvlad xis totebis Crdilis boloebis moniSvnac SeiZleba.

☼

nax. 5-10 mxaris gansazRvra Crdilis daboloebis meSveobiT d) mxareebis gansazRvra saaTis meSveobiT

I) geografiuli (WeSmariti, namdvili) CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis dadgena saaTis meSveobiTac SeiZleba (nax. 5-11). Crdilo naxevarsferos zomier klimatur sartyelSi (230 30 – 650 30 ganedebs Soris), mxareebis am xerxiT gansazRvrisaTvis, saaTs horizontul sibrtyeSi ise moabruneben, rom saaTis maCvenebeli (mokle) isari mzisken iyos mimarTuli. saaTis patara isarsa da ciferblatze naCveneb erTians Soris kuTxes Suaze hyofen, biseqtrisa samxreTiT iqneba mimarTuli. CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebebi rom ar agverios, unda gvaxsovdes, rom mzis xiluli gadaadgileba SuadRemde aRmosavleTidan _ samxreTisaken xdeba, SuadRis Semdeg _ samxreTidan dasavleTisken.

nax. 5-11 mxareebis gansazRvra saaTis meSveobiT

e) mxareebis gansazRvra polaruli varskvlaviT: Crdilo geografiuli polusis dasadgenad RamiT polarul varskvlavs iyeneben. praqtikulad umartivesi gansazRvrisaTvis Tvlian, rom polaruli varskvlavi Crdilo mimarTulebiT mdebareobs (gadaxra 20 ar aRemateba).

polaruli varskvlavis mdebareobas gansazRvraven didi daTvis TanavarskvlavediT. es ukanaskneli Svidi varskvlavisagan Sedgeba da cis kabadonze cicxvis forma aqvs. ipovnian ra didi daTvis Tanavarskvlaveds, ’’cicxvis’’ bolo or varskvlavze warmosaxviT xazs gaatareben da am varskvlavebs Soris manZils xuTze gadaamravleben. am warmosaxviTi xazis bolos iqneba polaruli varskvlavi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, patara daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis ’’cicxvis’’ saxeluris bolo varskvlavia. igi iseTive kaSkaSaa, rogorc didi daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis varskvlavebi (nax. 5-12).

51

patara daTvi

10 sm

dasavleTi

Crdilis bolo

Crdilis bolo

120 sm joxi

mze

AaRmosavleTi

nax. 5-12 mimarTulebis povna polaruli varskvlavis gamoyenebiT

v) horizontis mxareebis gansazRvra SesaZloa adgilobrivi sagnebis niSnebiTac: 1. xeebis umravlesobis qerqi ufro uxeSia Crdilo mxares, Txeli da elastiuria – samxreTiT. 2. xeebi, qvebi, xis fiqalis saxuravebi ufro adre da uxvad ifareba xavsiTa da sokoebiT Crdilo mxridan. 3. wiwvovani jiSis xeebze fisi ufro uxvia samxreTiT. 4. WianWvelebis budeebi xeebis, buCqebis gadaWrili morebis samxreT mxares Tavsdeba; amas garda, WianWvelis budeebis samxreTi ferdi ufro damrecia, Crdilo ferdi cicabo. 5. marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa da samlocvelos sakurTxeveli aRmosavleTiT aris mimarTuli, mTavari Sesasvleli ki dasavleTiT mdebareobs. 6. meCeTis niSa mimarTulia samxreTisaken. minareTis Sesasvleli kari uCvenebs samxreTs.

nawili VI

birTvuli, biologiuri da qimiuri iaraRis moqmedeba

1. zogadi cnobebi qveiT oceuls SeiZleba brZola mouxdes birTvuli, biologiuri da qimiuri (bbq) iaraRiT dasnebovnebul brZolis velze. arsebobs mdi-sagan Tavdacvis sami principi: radiaqtiuli mtvris naleqis Tavidan acileba, Tavdacva da Tavis gasufTaveba. am principebis ganxorcieleba uzrunvelyofs sabrZolo moqmedebebisaTvis mzadyofnis xarisxis zrdasa da brZolis velze moqmedebaTa uwyvetobas.

2. birTvul garemoSi moqmedeba qveiTi oceulis brZolisunarianoba birTvul garemoSi damokidebulia imaze, individualuri da erToblivi movaleobebi Tu ra donezea Seswavlili. birTvuli, biologiuri da qimiuri iaraRis moqmedebebis SeswavlebaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa jariskacebis mier iaraRisa da aparaturis specialuri damuSaveba, TavdacviTi sangrebis mSenebloba da maRali sabrZolo mzadyofna. rodesac birTvuli iaraRis moqmedebisgan Tavdacvis unaris mqone oceuls SeuZlia brZolis velze Seasrulos individualuri da saerTo amocanebi, izrdeba Sansi imisa, rom oceulma gaagrZelos sabrZolo moqmedeba. a. birTvuli iaraRis moqmedeba: birTvul iaraRs axasiaTebs xuTi saxis damazianebeli faqtori: dartymiTi talRa, Suquri gamosxiveba, SemRwevi radiacia, adgilis radiaciuli dasnebovneba da eleqtromagnituri impulsi. birTvuli iaraRis zemoqmedebis done damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad Sorsaa oceuli afeTqebis adgilidan, ra saxisaa afeTqeba da ramdenad kargad aris daculi oceulis piradi Semadgenloba da sabrZolo saSualebebi (nax. 6-1).

52

didi Mdidi daTvi

polaruli varskvlavi

nax. 6-1 birTvuli iaraRis zemoqmedeba

1) dartymiTi talRa _ aris Zlier SekumSuli haeris nakadi, romelic zebgeriTi siCqariT vrceldeba yvela mimarTulebiT. mas SeuZlia daangrios Senobebi, mimofantos adamianebi da sagnebi. dartymiT talRas orgvari moqmedeba aqvs: pirdapiri da iribi. 2) Suquri gamosxiveba _ Suquri gamosxiveba warmoiSoba afeTqebebiT warmoqmnili zeZlieri eleqtromagnituri gamosxivebis Sedegad, romelic avarvarebs irgvliv myof haeris masebs. am siTbosa da sxivebis pirispir daucvelad darCenili piradi Semadgenloba SeiZleba daSavdes da dabrmavdes. gavrcelebulma siTbom SesaZloa dawvas garSemo arsebuli sagnebi. Tburi gamosxiveba damokidebulia iaraRis saxeobaze, amindsa da adgilze. Suquri gamosxivebis moqmedeba SeiZleba Seamciros nislma an brZolis velze arsebulma kvamlis mkvrivma fenam. Suquri gamosxivebis damabrmavebeli zemoqmedeba RamiT ufro metia. misgan SesaZloa daziandes RamiT xedvis xelsawyoebic. 3) radiacia: birTvuli afeTqeba warmoSobs ori saxis radiacias: uecars, anu myisiers da narCens, anu meorad radiacias. Oorives damazianebeli da sasikvdilo zemoqmedeba gaaCnia. adamianis mier miRebuli radiaciis dozebi ikribeba _ yoveli axladmiRebuli doza winas emateba. saWiroa radiaciis zonaSi moxvedril qvedanayofze dakvirveba. piradi Semadgenloba saswrafod unda gavides dasnebovnebuli raionidan. a) myisieri (pirveladi) radiacia warmoiqmneba afeTqebis pirvel wams. ramdenadac aseTi radiacia sinaTlis sxivis siswrafiT vrceldeba, am safrTxis Semcirebis erTaderT saSualebas warmoadgens TavdacviTi zomebis miReba afeTqebamde.

b) narCeni, anu meoradi radiacia gamovlindeba afeTqebidan erTi wuTis Semdeg. Mmisi warmoSobis mizezebia is masalebi, sagnebi, teqnika, SeiaraReba, romelic myisieri radiaciis zemoqmedebis qveS aRmoCnda. qvemoT wamosulma radiaciam SesaZloa ufro didi farTobi moicvas. radiaqtiuli mtveri miwaze dayrisas Seereva afeTqebiT gamowveul da qariT dafantul mtvers. narCeni radiaciiT xdeba sagnebis dasnebovneba. radiaciis zemoqmedebisgan dacva xorcieldeba dasufTavebis gziT. 4) eleqtromagnituri impulsi: eleqtromagnituri talRa warmoadgens eleqtruli potencialis maRali sixSiris rxevebs. igi warmoiqmneba birTvuli afeTqebiT da haerSi yvela mimarTulebiT vrceldeba. Tu ar iqna miRebuli damcavi zomebi, eleqtromagnitur impulss SeuZlia daazianos eleqtronuli saSualebebi (radio, radari da satransporto saSualebebi) da SeiaraRebis sistemebi. eleqtromagnituri talRa adamianebs ar vnebs. misi zemoqmedebisgan Tavdasacavad SesaZlebelia zogierTi damcavi aparaturis gamoyeneba. damiwebis saSualebiT SeiZleba energiis damiweba. gare eleqtromagnituri velis mSTanTqavi wredebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia eleqtromagnituri impulsisagan dacva.

53

transporti

xeebi

TavRia javSnosani transporti

daucveli jariskacebi

daucavi sabrZolo da momaragebis masalebi

TOW MİLAN

eleqtromag-nit. impulsi

Suquri gamosxiveba

birTv. rad-ia

dartym.talRa

Senobebi, TviTmfrinavebi haerSi da miwaze

radiosadguri

radiosadguri transportSi

jariskacebi Ria adgilze

dgomela srolis Ria sangrebi

pirvel etapze pirad Semadgenlobas unda ganemartos, Tu ras wamoadgens eleqtromagnituri talRa da ra zemoqmedebas axdens is aRWurvilobaze. meore etapze jariskacebma praqtikulad unda Seiswavlon SemaerTebeli sadenebis damiweba da eleqtromagnituri impulsis zemoqmedebis Semcirebis meTodebi. 5) adgilis radioaqtiuri dabinZureba: misi wyaroa birTvuli muxtis namsxvrevebi da birTvuli afeTqebis Rrubeli. qaris mimarTulebiT moZrav Rrubels aseulobiT kilometris gavla SeuZlia. gzaSi igi civdeba, xdeba kondensacia da warmoiqmneba naleqi (radiaciuli wvima). igi asnebovnebs garSemo teritorias da tovebs radiaqtiur kvals. b. Setyobineba birTvuli afeTqebis an saSiSroebis Sesaxeb: Setyobineba birTvuli safrTxis Sesaxeb uzrunvelyofs sakuTari Zalebis informirebas birTvuli afeTqebis Sesaxeb. bbq-3 pataki moicavs gafrTxilebas savaraudo radioaqtiuri naleqis Sesaxeb. gamafrTxilebeli Setyobinebis srulad gadacema aseulebisa da oceulebisaTvis, rogorc wesi, aucilebeli ar aris. am qvedanayofebisaTvis gagzavnili Setyobineba unda moicavdes: 1) sityvas, romelic miuTiTebs, rom Setyobineba exeba birTvul afeTqebas; 2) miuTiTebs qvedanayofebis mier birTvuli zemoqmedebisagan Tavdacvis RonisZiebebis gatarebis an raionis datovebis Sesaxeb; 3) birTvuli afeTqebis savaraudo dro: informacia mowinaaRmdegis mier birTvuli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb aseulebsa da mis qvemdgom qvedanayofebs unda miewodos sameTauro arxebis meSveobiT, swrafad, usafrTxod da umokles droSi, rac uzrunvelyofs qvedanayofebis mier Tavdacvis SesaZleblobas. g. gangaSi birTvuli safrTxis gamo: piradma Semadgenlobam, romelic gamoiyenebs radiaciis ganmsazRvrel xelsawyoebs, birTvuli safrTxis SemCnevisTanave unda gaafrTxilos sxva Semadgenlobebi. GgangaSi vrceldeba mTel qvedanayofze. standartuli gangaSia _ ,,radiaqtiuli naleqi!” an _ ,,radiaciuli safrTxe!” gafrTxilebis igive forma gamoiyeneba maSinac, roca oceuli Sedis radiaciiT ukve dasnebovnebul zonaSi. ,,safrTxem gaiara!” _ gafrTxileba gamoxatavs saSiSroebis mospobas. komanda ,,safrTxem gaiara!“, rogorc wesi, gaicema aseulisa da oceulis meTaurebis mier. piradi Semadgenloba gagonebisTanave imeorebs mas. d. radiologiuri gazomva: mdgradi radiacia ganisazRvreba radiometrebiT. gazomva xorcieldeba aTeulis donemde, radiaciis zemoqmedebisagan Tavdasacavad. IM-174 an AN/VRD-2 seriis radiometrebi is xelsawyoebia, romlebic gamoiyeneba raionSi radiaciis donis gasazomad. IM-93 an DT-236 dozimetrebs jariskacebi iyeneben miRebuli radiaciis sruli dozis dasadgenad.zusti doza unda Caiweros. Sesadareblad Casaweria, agreTve, oceulis mier miRebuli mTliani dozac. meTauris kontroliT, sabrZolo wyobaSi myofma aTeulma Tan unda ataros dozimetrebi da awarmoos dakvirveba. Tu oceuli brZolisTvis gaiSleba, maSin oceulis meTaurs Tan unda hqondes dozimetri da awarmoos dakvirveba. arsebobs kontrolisa da gazomvebis ori saxeoba _ perioduli da mudmivi (uwyveti). zemdgomi meTaurobis mier brZanebis gacemisas an Tu radiometris Cveneba Semcirdeba 1 rad./sT-mde, mudmivi kontrolidan gadavdivarT periodul kontrolze 1) perioduli gazomva: meqanizebuli qveiTi oceulis raionSi radiacia xSirad izomeba da kontroldeba _ sul cota saaTSi erTxel (dp-5B, dp-64, dp-22B). 2) mudmivi gazomva: radiaciis mudmivi gazomva tardeba oceulis raionSi an poziciaze. Ooceulis raionSi gazomva Semdeg SemTxvevebSi iwyeba: a) birTvuli afeTqebis dafiqsirebis an patakiT moxsenebisas; b) zemdgomi meTaurobisagan bbq-3 patakis miRebis Semdeg; g) Tu radiaciis donis perioduli gazomvisas dadgindeba, rom radiaciis done metia 1 rad/sT-ze; d) zemdgomi meTaurobisagan Sesabamisi brZanebis miRebisas.

3. radiaciis zemoqmedeba adamianebze radiaciis zemoqmedebiT ziandeba adamianis organizmis TiTqmis yvela ujredi. es dazianebebi xdeba ,,sxivuri daavadebis~ mizeziT, romlis simZime damokidebulia miRebuli radiaciis moqmedebis xangrZlivobasa da radiaciis miRebisas organizmis mdgomareobaze. sxivuri daavadebis simptomebi gamomJRavnebas iwyebs radiaciis zemoqmedebidan 1-6 saaTis Semdeg. daavadebis pirveli simptomebia: Tavis tkivili, gulisreva, pirRebineba da diarea. pirveli simptomebis Semdeg iwyeba faruli simptomebis stadia. radiaciuli mowamvlis SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs araviTari pirveli daxmarebis meTodi. erTaderTi, risi gakeTebac SeiZleba, esaa, simptomebis gagrZelebisas, avadmyofis SeZlebisdagvarad wynar mdgomareobaSi gaCereba. Tu miRebuli doza mcirea, maSin simptomebi cota xnis Semdeg qreba da aRar ganmeordeba. ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi, pirveli daxmarebisTvis, unda waxvideT

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saswrafo daxmarebis punqtSi. radiaciuli daavadebis simptomebia: uecari pirRebineba, Zlieri faRaraTi, filtvebis mSrali anTeba, gulisreva, moTenTiloba, uxalisoba, uRonoba da fsiqikuri darRvevebi. AamaTgan romelimes gamovlenisas, pirad Semadgenlobas ukve aRar SeuZlia funqcionaluri movaleobis Sesruleba.

4. birTvuli iaraRis zemoqmedeba aRWurvilobasa da sagnebze a. dartymiTma talRam SesaZloa daazianos sakvebis yuTebi, kasrebi, sawvavis rezervuarebi da sxva daxuruli sagnebi. talRam SeiZleba daangrios dazianebuli saxlebis Selesili adgilebi, saTadarigo masalebi da aRWurviloba; b. Tburi gamosxiveba: Tburi gamosxivebiT SeiZleba cecxli waekidos gamxmar xeebs, sawvavs, fissa da sxva aalebad nivTierebebs; g. Suquri gamosxiveba: Suquri gamosxiveba iwvevs mxedvelobis dazianebas; d. radiacia asnebovnebs sakvebsa da wyals.

5. birTvuli Tavdasxmisagan Tavdacva birTvuli Tavdasxmebisgan swrafi Tavdacvis yvelaze saukeTeso meTodia TavdacviT poziciaze arsebul TxrilSi an safris ukan damalva (nax. 6-2). Ria adgilze birTvuli Setevis dros, saukeTeso Tavdasacavi meTodia saswarafod sruli Casangreba da Tvalebis daxuWva. Riad darCenili kani unda daifaros, xolo iaraRi, rom ar daikargos, sxeulis qveS unda amoidoT. AafeTqebis mxare Tu cnobilia, Tavi win unda daxaroT. ase unda darCeT dartymiTi talRis gavlamde. Semdeg unda SeamowmoT, dazianda Tu ara sxeuli da aRWurviloba da moemzadoT movaleobis Sesrulebis gasagrZeleblad.

radiacia afeTqebis Semdegac agrZelebs Tavis moqmedebas. Mmis gasazomad mxolod radioaqtiurobis gasazomi aparatura unda gamoviyenoT. SeZlebisdagvarad, unda daSordeT dasnebovnebul zonas. a. TavdacviTi zomebi birTvul Tavdasxmamde: mowinaaRmdegis mxridan birTvul Tavdasxmamde SeiZleba gakeTdes gafrTxileba. orive SemTxvevaSi (igulisxmeba gaufrTxilebeli SemTxvevac), dacviTi zomebis misaRebad Zalian cota droa. TiToeuli jariskacisa da mTeli piradi Semadgenlobis Tavdacvis zomebi miiReba avtomaturad da instiqturad. birTvuli dartymebis dros brZolis velis pozicia iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc damcavi garemos Seqmna birTvuli Setevis Sesaxeb gafrTxilebuli qvedanayofebisTvis. ar unda daviviwyoT, rom imisda miuxedavad, aris Tu ara romelime qvedanayofi birTvuli Tavdasxmis mizani, şigi mainc SeiZleba daziandes birTvuli zemoqmedebisgan. drois TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze xangrZlivi da Sedegis mixedviT yvelaze naklebi zemoqmedebis mqone SemTxvevebSic ki, ZiriTadi faqtoria calkeuli jariskacisa da mTlianad qvedanayofis dacva.

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gorakebi uzrunvelyofssaSualo dacvas

kedlebi uzrunvelyofs karg dacvas

sangrebi uzrunvelyofskarg dacvas

naprali saukeTeso dacvaa

dgomela srolis sangrebi Zalian kargi dacvaa

zemodan daxuruli, dgomela srolis sangrebi saukeTeso

damcavia

nax. 6-2 moxerxebuli sangrebis nimuSebi

1) Tavdacvis zomebi piradi SemadgenlobisTvis a) individualuri RonisZiebebi Tu birTvuli Tavdasxma igegmeba Cveni Zalebis mier, maSin iwarmoebs winaswari Setyobineba. piradi Semadgenlobisa da aRWurvilobis dacvis mizniT, es Setyobineba ganxorcieldeba ramdenime saaTiT an wuTiT adre. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom piradma Semadgenlobam icodes Tavdacvis RonisZiebebi I) Tvalebis dacva: birTvuli afeTqebiT warmoqmnilma Zlierma Suqma SeiZleba gamoiwvios droebiTi sibrmave da Tvalebis moWra. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom afeTqebis adgilisken zurgiT dadgebiT da Tvalebsac kargad daxuWavT, sxivi mainc imoqmedebs Tqvens mxedvelobaze. am SemTxvevaSi yvelaze kargia Tvalebis xelisgulebiT dafarva. II) kanis daufaravi adgilebi minimumamde unda Semcirdes: radiaciis gamo SeiZleba sabrZolo formis dakargva, rac damokidebulia sxeulze radiaciis zemoqmedebis xarisxze. jariskaci, romlis sxeulic 24 saaTSi 30%-ze metad daiwveba, kargavs brZolis unars. or saaTSi 25%-iT damwvar pirad Semadgenlobasac igive emarTeba. jariskacebis tansacmeli mxolod 50% dacvas uzrunvelyofs. xelTaTmanebs SeuZlia daicvas xelebi. Sarfi da kapiuSoni icavs Tavs zedmeti dazianebisagan da amitomac SeiZleba safrad maTi gamoyeneba. III) kanis daufaravi zedapiri aucileblad dasacavia _ Suquri gamosxiveba wvavs Ria kans. SeiZleba daziandes saxe, kiseri da xelebi. Suquri gamosxiveba, romelic birTvuli afeTqebisas warmoiqmneba, Zalian swrafad vrceldeba, amitomac afeTqebis momentSi xelebisa da saxis dafarva SeiZleba dagvianebuli aRmoCndes. Aaqedan gamomdinare, Tvalebi, daufaravi saxe da xelebi afeTqebamde cota xniT adre unda dafaroT. Ria, anda safrian adgilze, TavSesafarsa da transportSi piraRma unda dawveT iseT pozaSi, rom miwasTan rac SeiZleba axlos iyoT. uecari sxivisgan rom ar dabrmavdeT, Tvalebi unda daifaroT xelisgulebiT. IV) tanze xalvaTi (moSvebuli) tansacmeli unda gecvaT: qsoviliT mWidrod dafaruli adgilebi (mxari, idayvi, weli, qusli) ufro swrafad iwveba. AafeTqebisas warmoqmnilma siTbom SeiZleba dawvas tansacmlis qsovili. pijakis boloebi Tavisuflad unda ekidos. Sarvlis totebis fexsacmelSi Cataneba ar SeiZleba. V) yovelTvis unda gexuroT foladis Cafxuti: dartymiTi talRisa da Termuli moqmedebebis winaaRmdeg yvelaze swrafi, xelT arsebuli, saSualebaa Cafxuti. Tavze daxuruli Cafxuti icavs saxesa da Tvalebs Termuli damwvrobisa da sxivebiT gamowveuli sibrmavisgan. Cafxuti, rogori patarac ar unda iyos, icavs Tavs radiaqtiuli naleqisa da magari sagnebis moxvedrisgan. efeqturi dacvis saSualebebia TavSesafrebi da transporti. VI) ar SeiZleba saxis SesaniRbavad muqi saRebavis gamoyeneba: muqad SeRebili saxe, SiSvel kanTan SedarebiT, ufro metad iwovs Termul energias da iwvis. SiSveli kanisTvis mzis efeqturi kremis an cximis gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs damatebiT dacvas. b) individualuri safari: birTvuli Tavdasxmisas Tavdacvis saukeTeso saSualebaa poziciis amoTxra da safris gamoyeneba. dartymiTi talRis, Suquri gamosxivebis, myisieri da narCeni (meoradi) radiaciisgan Tavdacvis xarisxi gansakuTrebiTa damokidebulia SerCeuli safris tipze. TavdacvisaTvis maqsimalurad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli brZolis velze arsebuli yvela safari. I) poziciis amoTxra: dartymiTma talRam dgomela srolis sangris kedlebis CamoSliT mniSvnelovani ziani SeiZleba miayenos iq myof pirad Semadgenlobas. upirvelesi mizania pirveladi gama da neitronuli gamosxivebisgan Tavdacva. gama gamosxivebisgan dasacavad gamoyenebuli unda iqnes rkinis, qvis an tyviis sqelfenebiani mkvrivi an mZime masala. meore mxriv, wyalbadis atomuri wonis mqone nivTierebebi (wyali, parafini, cximi

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da a.S.) neitronisagan kargi damcvelebia. Aam nivTierebebSi arsebuli Sewovili neitroni warmoqmnis damatebiT gama-radiacias. rogorc wesi, ramdenadac sqelia damcavi nivTierebebi, imdenad kargadaa uzrunvelyofili radiaciisgan dacva. II) miwa radiaciisgan dasacavad kargi masalaa: igi uzrunvelyofs adre momzadebuli poziciebisTvis SesaniSnav dacvas pirveladi radiaciisa da radiaqtiuri narCenisagan. III) saWiroa dgomela srolis wriuli sangris amoTxra: dartymiTi talRis Zalam SesaZloa daangrios dgomela srolis sangris kedlebi. mrgvali kedlebi, kvadratul da marTkuTxa kedlebTan SedarebiT, ufro mdgradia, xolo maTi amoTxra _ ufro advili. da mainc, sangris kedlebis CamoSlaze ufro saxifaToa gama-radiacia. Ddgomela srolis sangrebis kedlebisa da Weris gamagreba sqeli ficrebiT xels SeuSlis maT Camongrevas; patara Sesasvlelis gakeTeba uzrunvelyofs radiaciis SeRwevis Semcirebas. IV) dgomela srolis sangris Sesasvleli patara unda iyos: gama-gamosxivebis didi nawili dgomela srolis sangarSi Sesasvlelidan ifanteba. erTkaciani dgomela srolis sangari, orkacianTan SedarebiT, orjer ufro nakleb gama-gamosxivebas miiRebs. misgan Tavdasacavad erTkacian dgomela srolis sangrebs didi Sesasvleli ar unda gaukeTdes. V) dgomela srolis Rrma sangari: dgomela srolis Rrma sangari ufro metad icavs radiaciisgan. amis mizezia is, rom aseTi sangari sqeli masalisiT an miwiT aris gadaxuruli. VI) SeZlebisdagvarad, siRrmeSi darCiT: sxeuli, dgomela srolis sangris siRrmeSi, radiaciis potenciuri wyarosgan ufro ukeTaa daculi. Yyvelaze kargi poziciaa _ zurgiT miwaze dawola da fexebis mkerdTan mitana. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom xelebi da fexebi, Tavsa da tanTan SedarebiT, naklebad mgrZnobiarea radiaciisadmi. Aamitomac es poza SesaniSnavi damcavia neitronuli gamosxivebisgan. Ddidi moculobis aRWurviloba SeiZleba SevinaxoT gverdiT sangarSi. g) Senobebis gamoyeneba: garkveuli saxis Senobebi saukeTeso TavSesafrebs warmoadgens birTvuli moqmedebisagan Tavdasacavad. maT momzadebas mcire dro da Zalisxmeva sWirdeba. d) karvebis gamoyeneba: birTvuli iaraRis moqmedebisgan Tavdasacavad, karavi ar aris iseTi TavSesafari, romelsac upiratesoba SeiZleba mieniWos. im pirad Semadgenlobas, romelic axorcielebs janmrTelobis dacvis, teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da momaragebis saqmianobas, mxolod nawilobriv SeuZlia gamoiyenos karavi. e) javSanteqnikis gamoyeneba: javSanteqnika, umravles SemTxvevaSi tankebi, birTvuli zemoqmedebisgan dacvis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens. v) borblebiani transportis gamoyeneba: borbliani transporti birTvuli afeTqebis zemoqmedebisagan naklebad daculi an sruliad daucvelia. garda amisa, dartymiTi talRis zemoqmedebisagan is SeiZleba advilad amotrialdes, rac damtebiT safrTxes qmnis mZRolisa da piradi SemadgenlobisaTvis. b. birTvuli Tavdacxmisas gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi: mowinaaRmdege birTvul Tavdasxmas, ra Tqma unda, gaufrTxileblad daiwyebs. Aam Tavdasxmis pirveli niSani adamianebze zedmeti siTbos moqmedebaa. damatebiTi gamosxiveba, sxivuri da dartymiTi talRa Cvenamde qaris saxiT ramdenime wamSi moaRwevs. Tavdasacavi zomebis misaRebad Zalian cota dro (daaxloebiT 1 wami) iqneba. Aamitom, adamianebis dasacavi moqmedebebi avtomaturi da instiqturi unda iyos. 1) gaSlil adgilze: a) saswrafod Zirs unda dawveT. imisaTvis, raTa sxeulis Riad darCenili nawilebi ar moxvdes dartymiTi talRis moqmedebis qveS, piradi Semadgenloba unda gaifantos an adgili Seicvalos. gafantvas minimumamde Seamcirebs TavSesafrebi. dawolis dros saWiroa, Tavi an fexebi dartymiTi talRisken iyos mimarTuli. b) dasacavia Tvalebi da kanis Riad darCenili adgilebi. dartymiTi talRis mier gafantuli mtveri, sila da namcecebi gansakuTrebiT moqmedebs Tvalebze, saxeze, kisersa da xelebze. pirvel rigSi, xelebiT Tvalebi da saxe unda davifaroT; maSinve, rogorc ki bnel adgilze moxvdebiT. daxurul sivrceSic ki (transportSi, TavSesafarSi), unda davifaroT Tvalebi da mTeli saxe. foladis Cafxuti da qudi Tavze unda davixuroT. g) yurebi unda davicoT. Yyuris membranis gaxeTqvis Tavidan asacileblad, xelebiT saxis dafarvisas, cera TiTebiT unda davixSoT yuris xvrelebi. d) wola unda gavagrZeloT dartymis pirveli talRis gavlis Semdegac ki; uecrad amovardnil Zlier qars haerSi aaqvs qvebi, namcecebi, mtveri, aRWurviloba da mavTulxlarTic ki. am sagnebma SeiZleba piradi Semadgenloba daazianos. unda davelodoT qaris Cadgomasa da haerSi namcecebis frenis dasrulebas. e) Tu afeTqebidan xuTi wamis Semdeg dartymiTma talRam Cvenamde ver moaRwia, iwyeba xuTwamiani aTvla _ aTas erTi, aTas ori da a. S. sasargeblo iqneba afeTqebisa da

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zemoqmedebis drois gamoTvla. gamoTvlebis warmoebam ar unda Seaferxos TavdacvisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. afeTqebis adgilidan sakmaod daSorebul wertilebSi SesaZlo radiacia ar gadaaWarbebs 150 rad/sT-s. Tu afeTqebis momentSi radiaciis zemoqmedebis zemoqmedebisagan Tavdacva SeuZlebelia (javSanteqnikaSi, msrolelis sangarsa da safarSi), es doza mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba. movaleobis mSvidad gagrZelebisaTvis unda Semowmdes daWrilebi da dadgindes SeiaraRebisa da aRWurvilobis dazianeba. 2) msrolelis sangarSi: a) piradi Semadgenloba, rac SeiZleba, swrafad da Rrmad unda Cavides dgomela srolis sangarSi. Erogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, saWiroa sangris ZirSi piraRma dawola da fexebis mucelTan mitana an saukeTeso pozis miReba _ gverdze dawola da moxra. dgomela srolis sangarSic ki, mtvrisa da naleqisagan saxis dasacavad, saWiroa misi xelebiT dafarva, xolo zedmeti wnevisgan dasacavad _ cera TiTebiT yurebis daxSoba. b) maRali wnevis gamo qari radiaqtiur naleqsa da qvebs miwaze fantavs, amitom Tavis dasafaravad yvelaze kargi adgili dgomela srolis sangris Ziria. Uunda davelodoT qaris Cadgomas da naleqis fantvis dasrulebas. Cveulebriv, radiaciis misaRebad yvelaze saSiSi dro _ naleqis haerSi frenisa da dartymiTi talRis gavrcelebis periodi _ oTxmocdaaTi wamis gasvlis Semdeg mTavrdeba. Tumca SesaZlebelia meoradi talRis mosvlac. 3) TavSesafarSi an SenobaSi: a) birTvuli afeTqebis SeniSvnisTanave Zirs unda dawveT, Tu SesaZlebelia, unda SeZvreT magidis an skamis qveS, gamoiyenoT xelT arsebuli yvela safari. b) ar daimaloT karebisa da fanjrebis ukan. im adgilidan, sadac kar-fanjaraa, rac SeiZleba Sors unda gaCerdeT. testebma uCvenes, rom iribad momavali birTvuli moZravi talRac ki fanjris minas SigniT amtvrevs. vinaidan fanjris damsxvrevis Semdeg SigniT Semavali haeris nakadi ufro metia, misi mimarTulebiT ar unda imyofebodeT. 4) tankebsa da javSnian transportSi: a) javSnian transportSi yvelaze didi problemaa ryevis gamo Tavisa da mxrebis dazianebaa. am problemisgan pirad Semadgenlobas ixsnis usafrTxoebis qamrisa da foladis Cafxutis gamoyeneba. b) yvela ambrazura unda Caiketos, tankebi yvelaze kargi TavSesafaria. 5) borblebian transportSi: ZiriTadad, rodesac afeTqebis dartymiTi talRa mizans miaRwevs, Ria adgilze dawola ufro usafrTxoa, vidre borblebian transportSi yofna. Tumca ki, borblebianma transportma mainc SeiZleba uzrunvelyos dacva Suquri gamosxivebisgan. DdartymiTma talRam, romelic Termuli moqmedebis Semdeg modis, SesaZloa transporti gadaayiraos. g. birTvuli Tavdasxmis Semdeg gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebebi: 1) unda gvaxsovdes: a) piraRma dawolili, zemodan dafaruli unda darCeT manam, sanam ar damTavrdeba nangrevebis Camocvena. MdartymiTi talRa miwis zedapiridan glejs nangrevebs, kldeebs, isini gadaaqvs Sor manZilze. piradi Semadgenlobis dasacavad yvelaze kargi saualebaa am dros miwaze pirqve an poziciis fskerze dawola, javSnian transportSi an TavSesafarSi Tavis Sefareba da iq dawola. Cveulebriv, yvelaze didi safrTxe, romelic modis radiaciidan, radiaciis moZravi dartymiTi talRisagan, (pirveli) sawyisi radiaciidan da, agreTve, Zirs dayrili nangrevebidan, SesaZloa Semcirdes oTxmocdaaTi wamis gasvlis Semdeg. b) simSvidis SenarCuneba: rodesac adamians Tavs daatydeba iseTi movlenebi, rogoricaa: dartymiTi talRis Warbi wneva, damwvroba da dasaxiCreba, droebiTi sibrmave _ gamosxivebis moqmedebiT gamowveuli wuxili, Znelia simSvidis SenarCuneba. unda gaviTvaliswinoT: - dartymiTi talRis qari, rogorc wesi, erT an or wuTSi Cadgeba; - Suquri gamosxivebiT gamowveuli damwvrobebi, Wrilobebi da wylulebi ar gansxvavdeba sxva damwvrobebis, Wrilobebisa da wylulebisgan; - sibrmave gaivlis da mxedveloba ramdenime wamSi aRdgeba (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dazianebuli araa Tvalis rqovana da fskeri); - dartymiTi talRis ukuqcevis Semdeg, Tu Zveli radiaciuli mtvris zonaSi ar ganTavsdebiT, radiaciis sasikvdilo dozis arsebobis albaToba SedarebiT mcirea. g) adgilis Secvlamde saWiroa ganisazRvros Semdegi sakiTxebi: adgilis SerCeva, aRWurvilobis dacva da mowesrigeba, mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, daWrilebisTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena, savaraudo radiaqtiuli naleqisgan dasacavad pirobebis momzadeba an mowesrigeba; d) yvelaferi SeiZleba Secvlili aRmoCndes: dartymiTi talRa Slis kldeebs, miwaze awvens xeebsa da buCqnars, atrialebs da adgils ucvlis aRWurvilobasa da transports.

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raionSi warmoiqmneba mravali patar-patara xanZris kera, mcire nisli da mtveri. Ppirvel rigSi, unda daiZlios SiSi da ganisazRvros mxareebi. 2) Casatarebeli RonisZiebebi: a) unda veridoT dazianebul Senobebsa da xeebs: Ddangreuli SeiZleba iyos gasasvlelebi, romlebic moZraobisTvis sWirdeba pirad Semadgenlobas, javSnian transports an msxvilkalibrian iaraRebsa da sxva satransporto saSualebebs. Senobebis kedlebi SeiZleba dangreuli iyos, didi xeebis totebi ki _ momtvreuli. dartymiTi talRis moqmedebis Sedegad moglejili xeebisa da damtvreuli totebis gamo Semcirebulia sahaero saSualebebis moqmedeba _ afrena, TviT frenis procesi, dajdoma. es viTareba safrTxes uqmnis ara marto sahaero transports, aramed miwaze myof pirad Semadgenlobasac. b) xanZrebi gavrcelebamde unda CavaqroT. meorexarisxovani xanZrebis warmoSobis mizezebia gadabrunebuli Rumelebi, gamacxeleblebi da eleqtrosadenebi. saswrafo zomebia misaRebi maT Casaqrobad an maTi gauvnebelyofisaTvis. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, didi raionis farTobi xanZarTan brZolis mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. g) gadabrunebuli transporti, SeZlebisdagvarad, swrafad unda gavasworoT: borbliani transportis gadatrialebiT miRebuli seriozuli dazianebebis umetesoba gamowveulia transportis wylis, sawvavisa da akumulatoris siTxeebis gadmodinebiT. Cveulebriv, brZolaSi gamoyenebuli, dazianebuli transportis wesrigSi, anu Zvel mdgomareobaSi, moyvanas qvedanayofis ori saaTis muSaoba dasWirdeba, AamasTanave, gadabrunebuli transporti (benzinis sawvavze) Tu saswrafod (30 wuTSi) ar gasworda, zeTi gaJonavs wvis kameraSi dguSsa da cilindris kedlebs Soris arsebuli sivrcidan, ramac SesaZlebelia Seaferxos dguSis moZraoba. Semdeg saWiroa sanTlebis moxsna da Zravis amuSaveba mrudxaras datrialebiT, rac aRmofxvris aRniSnul hidrostatikur gaWeqvas. d) iaraRi unda daiSalos da gaiwmindos: iaraRis sistemebi SesaZloa gafuWdes, maTi lulis xvrelebi da Sida nawilebi siliT aivsos. rodesac es dartymiTi talRiT ar aris gamowveuli, maSin SesaZloa iaraRi ar gaiwmindos. xolo dartymiTi talRiT gamowveuli dazianebis dros ki, srolis dawyebamde, aucilebelia iaraRis daSla da gawmenda. e) saartilerio danadgarebi da aRWurviloba xelaxla unda Semowmdes: saqme exeba ara marto im SemTxvevebs, rodesac haubicebi, qvemexebi an satyorcni platformebi dazianebulia an arasamuSao mdgomareobaSia, gamarTul mdgomareobaSi myofi am saSualebebisTvisac SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes afeTqebis adgilidan sxvadasxva daSorebiT arsebuli zogierTi sacecxle poziciis Secvla. afeTqebis Semdeg, sanam pirveli gasrola ganxorcieldeba, aucilebelia am sasroli saSualebebis xelaxali Semowmeba. v) moZraobis dawyebamde aucilebelia garemos daTvaliereba: muxluxiani transportis moZraobis dawyebamde an davalebis Sesrulebamde unda Semowmdes, dartymiTi talRiT xom ar moxvda muxluxebs Soris raime namsxvrevi. am ukanasknelis garda, es SeiZleba iyos _ xeebi, iaraRi, daSavebuli adamianebi, gasresili sabrZolo masala an yuTebi. Ddgomela srolis sangris zemoT javSnianma transportma manam ar unda Seicvalos adgili, sanam piradi Semadgenloba sangars ar datovebs, radgan dartymiTi talRisgan dasustebuli sangris kedlebi SeiZleba CamoiSalos. z) mcire zomis namsxvrevebi qmnian sirTuleebs: dartymiTi talRiT motanili wiwvebi, mtveri da foTlebi SesaZlebelia moxvdes vertmfrenis haerSemkrebSi misi afrenis, dafrenis an frenis dros. Tu saventilacio da saerTo dacvis sistemebi ar aris daculi namsxvrevebisagan damcavi mowyobilobiT, is SeiZleba gaiWeqos mcire namsxvrevebiT da daiwvas saventilacio sistemis eleqtroZrava. T) Tu SesaZlebelia, safari unda ganaxldes:

mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes, rom mowinaaRmdegem an Cvenma Zalebma SesaZloa gamoiyenon damatebiTi birTvuli iaraRi an kidev, pirveli Tavdasxmisas, SeiZleba movxvdeT radiaqtiuli naleqisa da mtvris moqmedebis areSi. FfarTo safari yvelaze ukeTesi damcavia radiaciis rogorc pirveli, aseve Semdgomi zemoqmedebisas. radiaciuli mtvris nawilakebi dgomela srolis safris SesasvlelSi rom ar moxvdes, unda davxuroT dgomela srolis sangrebisa da TavSesafrebis Ria adgilebi. i) saWiroa damwvrobisgan dacva: Suquri gamosxiveba pirad Semadgenlobamde aRwevs pirdapir an arekvliT. piradi Semadgenlobisa da aRWurvilobis damcav safrad, potenciurad amrekvlavi zedapirebis mqone safrebisTvis, SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli Salisa da brezentis (pledi da patara karvebi) msgavsi muqi da magari masala. vinaidan es masala Termuli radiaciis zemoqmedebis Sedegad advilad iwvis, amitom dauSvebelia, rom piradi Semadgenloba da aRWurviloba uSualod mas exebodes. Ddgomela sangrebis safrad ar SeiZleba iseTi sagnebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa labada, rezini da plastmasi, radgan es nivTierebebi dneba da iwvis. ubralo liToniTa da SuSis masaliT dafaruli dgomela srolis sangari uZlebs Termuli radiaciis 50%-s.

59

6. qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi msoflios zesaxelmwifoebis birTvuli iaraRis maragma sakmaod maRal dones miaRwia da amiT gaizarda birTvuli Tanasworobisa da qimiuri iaraRis mniSvneloba. qimiur da biologiur iaraRze intensiurad muSaoben rogorc ganviTarebuli, aseve ganviTarebadi qveynebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cvens garSemo arsebuli qveynebi awarmoeben da inaxaven qimiur iaraRs. amas aucileblad unda davumatoT isic, rom qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi iafia, Tumca maT sawinaaRmdegod misaRebi zomebi _ Zalian Zviri. taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT 3 jgufis qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi arsebobs:

1. sasikvdilo;2. wyobidan droebiT gamomyvani;

3. gamaRizianebeli.

60

qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi

fizikurimdgomareobis

mixedviT

fiziologiurizemoqmedebis

MmixedviTmdgradobis

mixedviT

taqtikur sivrceSi gamoyenebis

mixedviT

myari

aira-di Txe-vadi

aero-zoli

nervomaparali-zebeliairebi

momwamvleli qimiurinivTierebebi

cremlmdeni airebi

pirsasaqmebeliairebi

kandamCirqebeli airebi

narkotikuli airebi

nervuli airebi

sisxlis momwamvleli airebi

mxuTavi airebi

mdgradi airebi

aqroladi airebi

damazianeb- eli airebi G

xanZrgamCeninivTierebebi

damabrkolebeli airebi

xelovnurinisli

nax. 6-3 sabrZolo momwamvleli nivTierebebis klasifikacia

7. qimiur nivTierebaTa zemoqmedeba qimiurma sabrZolo nivTierebebma organizmSi SeiZleba SeaRwios Tvalebidan, cxviridan, piridan an kanidan. Txevadma nivTierebebma SesaZloa daasnebovnos sabrZolo aRWurviloba, niadagi da xeebis foTlebi. Qqimiuri nivTierebebis zemoqmedeba SeiZleba gagrZeldes saaTobiT da dReebis ganmavlobaSic ki. Aam nivTierebebiT SeiZleba seriozulad daSavdes Ria, daucvel adgilze myofi piradi Semadgenloba. qimiuri nivTierebebi ver anadgurebs teqnikasa da aparaturas, magram daasnebovnebs mas. amis miuxedavad, unda Semowmdes, gaiwminda Tu ara isini mTlianad. saWiroa, rom mTelma piradma Semadgenlobam gaikeTos airwinaRi, Caicvas damcavi tansacmeli, yeliani fexsacmeli da damcavi xelTaTmanebi. samuSaos asruleben teqnikosebi, romlebmac detalurad unda icodnen maTze dakisrebuli movaleobebi. Yyvela nawilSi unda arsebobdes gamwmendi (damasufTavebeli) jgufi, romelic aRWurvili iqneba Sesabamisi xelsawyoebiT da gavlili eqnebaT specialuri momzadeba. a. nervuli (nervomaparalizebeli) airebi: 1) aqroladi nervuli airebis (G) ZiriTadi Tvisebebi: a) nervul sistemaze zemoqmedebiT abrkolebs sunTqvas; b) iwvevs oflianobas, gulisrevas, pirRebinebasa da kuWis aSlilobas; g) Tvalebis gugebs ise apataravebs, rom isini wertilis formas iReben (miozi); d) iwvevs droebiT sibrmaves (gamosaxuleba ikargeba). e) aferxebs gulis muSaobas. 2) aqroladi nervomaparalizebeli airebis SesunTqviT gamowveuli moqmedebebi: aqroladi nervomaparalizebeli airebis SesunTqva iwvevs sikvdils. KkaniT Sewovili nivTierebebi iwvevs adamianis paralizebas an sikvdils. Aes ki damokidebulia Semdeg pirobebze: a) organizmis mier Sewovili airis raodenobaze; b) im zedapiris sidideze, romelsac kani Seexo;

jgufi qimiuri nivTiereba(agenti) kodi

a. nervomaparalizebeli airebi

tabunizarinizomaniVx.VR 55. gomani

GAGBGDV (mdgr.siTxe)

b. kandamCirqebeli airebi

ipritigawmendili ipriti (mdogvi)azotiani ipritiluizitifosgen oqsimi

HHDHn 3LCx

g. mxuTavi airebi

fosgenidifosgeniqloriqlorpikrini

CG DPCLPS

d. sistemuri Sxamebicianwyalbadiqlorciani

AC CK

e. wyobidan droebiT gamomyvani nivTierebebi (narkot. fsiqo-qim. airebi)

antikolinerJikebiliserJikis mJ. jg-i

BZLSD

cxrili 6-1 momwamvleli qimiuri nivTierebebi

g) moqmedebis xangrZlivobaze; d) piradi Semadgenlobis tansacmels saxeobaze; e) pirveli daxmarebis Catarebis siswrafeze; v) piradi Semadgenlobis momzadebis doneze. 3) aqroladi nervomaparalizebeli airebis (G) gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli mTavari sakiTxebi: a) zemoqmedeba swrafi da uecaria;

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b) aramdgradiOorTqlis mdgomareobaSi didxans ver inarCunebs sabrZolo Tvisebebs; g) dadgena rTulia. Uufero da usunoa (zomans aqvs qafuris msgavsi suni); d) qaris dros gansakuTrebiT saSiSia; e) usuno warmonaqmnebi maTi swrafi aRmoCenis saSualebas ar iZleva. 4) XV mdgradi nervomaparalizebeli airis Tvisebebi: a)qimiuri dasaxelebaa 0-eTil-S (meore izopropilaminoeTili) meTil(is) fosfonoTiolati; b) ufero da usunoa; g) amindis normalur pirobebSi gvian orTqldeba da Znelad iyineba. Aamitomac Zalian efeqturia; d) Txevad an airisebr mdgomareobaSi organizmze iseTive zemoqmedeba aqvs, rogorc aqrolad nervomaparalizebel airebs;G e) 20 gradusze, Txevad mdgomareobaSi, usuno, ufero, mdgradi nervuli airia; v) igi moqmedebs kanidan, amitomac marto airwinaRis gamoyeneba uSedegoa. Ees airi mcire doziTac ki moqmedebs; z) haeridan iyreba feTqebad sabrZolo masalasTan, saxmeleTo naRmebTan erTad; T) ekroba miwas, niadags da, Tavisi mdgradobis gamo, xels uSlis regularul moZraobas. Aam nivTierebebiT dasnebovnebuli raionebi saxifaToa. sasikvdilo saSualo dozaa 5.10-5 mgr/m3; i) aorTqlebis unari Zlier mcire aqvs. 5) Vx mdgradi nervomaparalizebeli airebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli sakiTxebi: a) mdgradobis xangrZlivi periodi; b) qariT gadatana saSiSi ar aris; g) meterologiuri pirobebis zemoqmedeba naklebia; d) gviani moqmedebisaa (1 saaTis Semdeg); e) dasnebovnebuli raioni warmoadgens dabrkolebas. 6) nervuli airebis ZiriTadi fiziologiuri gamovlinebebi: nervuli airiT mowamvlis pirveli da momdevno gamovlinebebi ori saxisaa (imis Sesabamisad, Tu ramdenad esaWiroebaT gareSe daxmareba). a) pirveli simptomebi: I) ucnauri qceva; II) xveleba an gaZnelebuli sunTqva (wylis Cxrialis xma); III) Tvalis gugebis zedmetad dapataraveba (miozi); IV) cremliani da CawiTlebuli Tvalebi; V) gulisreva. b) momdevno simptomebi: I) kunTebis krunCxvebi da saerTo sisuste;

II) Sardsa da eqskrementebze kontrolis dakargva; III) spazmebi; IV) ugonoba; V)Kkonvulsiebi, koma da sikvdili.

7) pirveli daxmareba nervomaparalizebeli airebiT mowamvlisas: a) sakuTari TavisTvis pirveli daxmarebis aRmosaCenad, unda gaikeToT airwinaRi da nervuli airis (antidoti) SxamsawinaaRmdego saSualeba (atropinis nemsi). roca airwinaRs gaikeTebT, qudi ar unda SeikraT. atropinis pirveli nemsi keTdeba 1 wuTSi. Nnervomaparalizebeli mowamvlis antidotia 2mg atropiniT savse patara Sprici da prolidoqsim qloridiT savse didi Sprici. yvelas urigdeba 3 cali atropinis nemsi. Ppirvel wuTSi, tansacmlis gauxdelad TeZoSi an barZaySi keTdeba jer atropinis nemsi, xolo Semdeg _ prolidoqsim qloridi. 10-15wT dacdis Semdeg, Tu simptomebis gamovlineba gagrZelda, keTdeba atropinis meore da mesame nemsebi. atropinis nemsebis gamoyenebis Semdeg, 5 wT-is ganmavlobaSi, Tu guliscema aCqarda da piri zedmetad gagiSraT, sxva antidotis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba, unda mimarToT eqims. EerTma adamianma ar SeiZleba gamoiyenos atropinis 3 nemsze meti. daWrils SeiZleba gaukeTdes atropinis sami nemsi ori wuTis gausvlelad.

atropinis aerozols, gamoyenebis win, unda movxsnaT Tavsaxuri. erTxel xelis daWeriT gamosuli nakadi sakmarisia. sunTqva 10wm unda SevikavoT da Semdeg cxviridan gamovuSvaT. adapteri unda gavwmindoT da Tavze davaxuroT.

atropinis aerozoli 2 saxisaa. Ppirveli 200-jer gamoyenebisaTvis 10 ml-ian boTlSia. Mmeore _ 400-jer gamoyenebisaTvis 20 ml-ian boTlebSi.

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airiT Tavdasxmebisas rekomendebulia 10-15 wuTiani SualedebiT atropinis samjer gamoyeneba. 100C -ze dabal temperaturaze Senaxvisas, atropinis moqmedebis xangrZlivoba xuTi welia. b. kandamCirqebeli airebi: es airebi gamoiyeneba im mizniT, raTa SeizRudos adgilis gamoyeneba, Seneldes moZraoba da mwyobridan gamovides aRWurviloba. aalebadi airebi moqmedebs filtvebze, Ria kansa da Tvalebze. am airebisgan dacva Zalian Znelia. 1) ZiriTadi Tvisebebi: kandamCirqebeli airebi gamoiyeneboda I msoflio omSi da xSirad axlo warsulSi ganxorcielebul samxedro operaciebSi. Ees airebi, taqtikuri moqmedebis mixedviT, sasikvdilo jgufs ganekuTvnebian; isini azianeben Tvalebs, lorwovanas, yuris apks, kans da amiT axdenen zemoqmedebas. kandamCirqebel airebs axasiaTebs mowinaaRmdegis brZolisunarianobis daqveiTeba. damwvari kani nela aRdgeba, amitom aseTi dazianebebis mqone avadmyofebs esaWiroebaT kvalificiuri samedicino daxmareba saavadmyofoebSi, es ki maT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi brZolisuunaros xdis. aRniSnuli airebis zemoqmedebis Semdeg SeuZlebelia tansacmlis gaxda. es airebi Tavisi damawylulebeli moqmedebiT azianebs kans, sasunTq organoebsa da Tvalebs. ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba Txevad mdgomareobaSi. am siTxeebTan an maT orTqlTan Sexeba wvavs kans, Tvalebs, sasunTq organoebs da iwvevs ufro Rrma dazianebebs. kandamCirqebeli airebi mravalferovania, amasTanave, isini yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba. kandamCirqebeli airebia: H_ipriti, L_luiziti, HD_gawmendili ipriti, HLP_ipritisa da luizitis naerTi, CX_fosgen oqsimi, DP_fenildiqlorarsini, EED_eTilqlorarsini, MD_meTilqlorarsini.

es airebi, Cveulebriv, yviTeli ferisaa da maT cudi suni aqvT _ Tevzisa da obis suni. 2) kandamCirqebeli airebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli mTavari sakiTxebi: a) kandamCirqebeli airebi zRudavs (xels uSlis) qvedanayofs adgilmdebareobis gamoyenebaSi; b) anelebs qvedanayofis moZraobas; g) arTulebs qvedanayofis momaragebas; d) SeuZlebeli xdeba, gawmendis gareSe, yovelgvari transportisa da saSualebebis gamoyeneba; e) aqveiTebs piradi Semadgenlobis ganwyobas. 3) ZiriTadi fiziologiuri Tvisebebi: a) kandamCirqebeli airebi, airwinaRis arqonis SemTxvevaSi, moqmedeben Tvalebsa da filtvebze; maTTan Sexeba iwvevs kanisa da sxeulis damwvrobas, anTebas, wylulebsa da Wrilobebs; b) am airebis moqmedebas, ZiriTadad, faruli xasiaTi aqvs; Sexebisas tkivili ar igrZnoba, Tumca, maTi mcire dozebiT miRebac ki organizmis seriozul dazianebas iwvevs; g) organizmis SigniT moxvedris dros azianeben sasunTq sistemas (cxvirs, cxvir-xaxas, sasulesa da bronqebs), iwveven pirRebinebasa da diareas. AkandamCirqebeli airebis moqmedebisgan Tavdacva ukiduresad rTulia. 4) kandamaCirqebeli airebis moqmedebisgan Tavdacva: a) kandamCirqebeli airebiT damwvari Tvalebi saguldagulod unda daibanoT didi raodenobis wyliT, araugvianes 30 wamisa; b) malamos yuTidan (M5A1) yviTeli feris Taflis (BRITISTANTI LEVIZITE) malamo unda waisvaT qveda quTuToze, SeiziloT da daibanoT; g) tansacmels unda moaWraT dasnebovnebuli adgilebi da gadayaroT; d) kanze unda waisvaT M5 malamo. Ees malamo Semdegnairad unda gamoiyenoT: I) kanze arsebuli wveTebi unda gaiwmindoT sufTa naWriT (1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi);

II) dazianebuli adgili sufTa wyliT unda daibanoT; III) unda waisvaT MM5 damcavi malamo da gaaCeroT sul cota 15 wuTi; IV) M5 damcavi malamo kanidan isev sufTa naWriT unda moiciloT; V) meoredac unda waisvaT M5 damcavi malamo da amjerad 1 saaTi unda gaiCeroT.

SeniSvna: araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba M5 damcavi malamos wasma Tvalebze.

e) pirRebinebis SemTxvevaSi, Tvalebi unda daxuWoT, sunTqva SeikavoT da erTi wamiT aswioT airwinaRi, pirRebineba gaivlis. Aamis Semdeg, airwinaRi isev unda gaikeToT. v) kanze wylulebis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi: I) kandamaCirqebeli airebis kanTan Sexebisas im adgilebze SeiZleba gaCndes wylulebi. AaseT dros, individualuri paketiT xalvaTad unda SeixvioT kani;

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II) Tu wylulebi sxeulis did nawilzea, es ukve seriozul, namdvil damwvrobas niSnavs. saWiroa gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba; III) wylulebi, sinamdvileSi, damwvrobaa, amitomac dawylulebuli kanis gawmenda SeuZlebelia. SeniSvna: M5 da M5A1 malamoebze Catarebuli gamokvlevebiT dadginda, rom isini Seicaven kancerogenul nivTierebas, amitomac maTi gamoyeneba aSS jarSi aikrZala. maT nacvlad, imave wesiT, gamoiyeneba M258A1 da M291 gasawmendi saSualebebi. g. mxuTavi (filtvebis damazianebeli) airebi: filtvis qsovilze moqmedi, gansakuTrebiT, filtvebis SeSupebis (siTxis dagrovebis) gamomwvev qimiur airebs Soris SeiZleba CaiTvalos: fosgeni F(CG), difosgeni (DP), qlori (CL) da qlorpikrini (PS). am oTxi airidan fosgeni yvelaze saSiSia da momaval dapirispirebebSi yvelaze metia mowinaaRmdegis mier misi gamoyenebis albaToba. pirvelad fosgeni 1915 w. gamoiyenes. I msoflio omSi airis mier daxocilTa 80% fosgenis zemoqmedebiTaa. 1) mxuTavi airebis moqmedebis simptomebi: mxuTavi airebis moqmedebis momentSi da dasrulebisTanave (es damokidebulia airis koncentraciasa da moqmedebis xangrZlivobaze) qvemoT CamoTvlili simptomebidan SeiZleba gamovlindes zogierTi an yvela: a) cremli (tkivilTan erTad, SegrZneba, rom cxviri da sinusebi savsea); b) yelis simSrale (Zlieri Tavis tkivili da yelis wvis SegrZneba); g) xvela (mkerdSi tkivili da moWeris SegrZneba); d) mkerdSi spazmebi (TeTri, vardisferi da yviTeli naxveliT xveleba da gaZnelebuli sunTqva); e) gulisreva da pirRebineba (uneblie xveleba, cxviris dacemineba da furTxis gamoyofa); v) Tavis tkivilebi, gulisrevasa da pirRebinebasTan erTad, gamonadeni cxviridan; z) aCqarebuli da susti pulsi; T) Tirkmlebis ukmarisoba; i) Sokuri mdgomareoba. 2) mxuTavi airebis moqmedebisas sakuTari TavisTvis pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCena: a) fosgenTan Sexeba iwvevs TvalebSi dabnelebas. Aam dros sunTqva unda SeikavoT da gaikeToT airwinaRi; b) Tu guli gerevaT, Tvalebi erTi wuTiT unda daxuWoT, airwinaRi erTi wamiT unda aiwioT, Tavi gaiTavisufloT (igulisxmeba pirRebineba), Semdeg airwinaRi isev unda gaikeToT; g) zemoT CamoTvlili simptomebidan romelimes gamomJRavnebisTanave, saWiroa samedicino daxmareba; d) gaSlil adgilze mxuTavi airebis mcire toqsikuri dozis zemoqmedebam SesaZloa sikvdili ar gamoiwvios. magram didi dozebiT, did xans, mxuTavi airis zemoqmedeba, airwinaRis dagvianebiT gakeTeba da misi ugulvebelyofa _ sikvdilis mizezi xdeba. d. maparalizebeli (narkotikuli) airebi: airebi, romlebsac aqvs fizikuri zemoqmedebis unari da (abrmavebs da ayruebs) aseve, gavlenas axdens tvinze. Cveulebriv, es aris yvelanairi narevi, romelic jariskacs iseT mdgomareobaSi Caayenebs, rom man ver SeZlos Tavisi movaleobis Sesruleba. es airi zemoqmedebas axdens nervul sistemaze, gamofitavs adamians, romelsac ucnauri qcevebi aReniSneba. maparalizebeli airi sxeulSi SeiZleba moxvdes im sabrZolo masalebiT, romlebic nisls iwvevs an aerozoliT SesunTqvisas. amitom mniSvnelovania damcavi airwinaRis gamoyeneba. narkotikuli airebidan erT-erTs, kuinuklidinil benzilati warmoadgens. 1) narkotikuli airebis moqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli mosazrebebi: a) adamians ar klavs, mxolod mis paralizebas axdens; b) ar aris mdgradi; g) ar axasiaTebs uecari zemoqmedeba; d) zemoqmedeba xangrZlivia. 2) pirveli daxmareba narkotikuli airebiT mowamvlisas: a) daxmarebis specifikuri saSualebebi ar arsebobs. Aam airebis zemoqmedebis qveS myof adamianebs unda CamoerTvaT iaraRi da zianis mimyenebeli sxva sagnebi. aseTad iTvleba: sigareti, asanTi, wamlebi, patara sagnebi, romelTa gadaylapvamac SesaZloa gamoiwvios ubeduri SemTxveva; b) adamianebs, romelTac aqvT pirRebineba an paralizebuli aqvT saSarde buStis kunTebi, ris gamoc SesaZlebelia Sardis dagroveba, siTxe ar unda mieceT an unda mieceT kontrolis qveS;

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g) Tu garemos temperatura 250C aRemateba, avadmyofs unda gavxadoT zedmeti tansacmeli da msubuqad davziloT. Tu mas mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis simptomi ar aReniSneba, temperaturis dasagdebad unda aRmovuCinoT pirveli daxmareba da Semdgom uzrunvelvyoT samedicino daxmarebiT. 3) piradi Semadgenlobis mkurnaloba: a) dauSvebelia mzis dakvra; b) pirRebinebiT, Sardisa da oflis saxiT dakarguli siTxis sakompensaciod saWiroa siTxis miReba; g) organizmmis mier bevri siTxis dakargvis gamo, zedmeti moZraoba dauSvebelia; d) avadmyofebi, romlebic fexze ver dgebian da bodaven, unda mivabaT sakaceze, xolo Tu sxva gamosavali ar aris _ xezec ki. B e. sisxlis momwamvleli, anu zogadSxamiani, airebi: sisxlis momwamvleli nivTierebebi organizmSi, upirveles yovlisa, CasunTqviTDxvdeba. es airebi xels uSlis Jangbadis (O) SeerTebas sisxlSi arsebul hemoglobinTan, rac sikvdils iwvevs. 1) ZiriTadi fiziologiuri simptomebi: a) kanis silurje;

b) sunTqvis gaZneleba; g) sunTqvis Seneleba; d) Tvalisa da cxviris lorwovanas gaRizianeba; e) gulisreva, pirRebineba;

v) kunTebis spazmebi; z) koma da sikvdili.

2) sxva niSnebi: a) cudi suni aqvs, mware nuSis suns msgavsi; b) am airebis gamoyenebisas, airwinaRis filtri Zalian swrafad gamodis mwyobridan; g) miuxedavad imisa, rom es airebi swrafad aqroladia, 15 wT-is ganmavlobaSi misi moqmedebiT kanze molurjo xazebi Cndeba. 3) pirveli daxmareba sisxlis momwamvleli airebiT mowamvlis dros: a) avadmyofi sufTa haerze unda gaviyvanoT da CavutaroT xelovnuri sunTqva; b) amilnitritis ampula unda gavtexoT cxvirsaxocSi da avadmyofs msubuqad vaynosoT; g) gavukeToT airwinaRi; d) airwinaRis saTvalis minasa da safeTqlis Zvals Soris, orive mxares, unda dadoT TiTo cali gatexili amilnitritis ampula; e) avadmyofi CaisunTqavs amilnitrits; amilnitritis ampulebi sasunTqad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes 3-4 wT SualediT, minimum 4-jer, maqsimum _ 8 ampula. v. mRelvarebebis CasaxSobi qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi: es nivTierebebi, romlebic xvdeba organizmSi CasunTqviT an Tvalebze zemoqmedebiT, droebiTi gamaRizianeblebia (droebiTi moqmedebisaa). piradi Semadgenloba cota xniT paralizdeba. aRniSnuli airebi, mowinaaRmdegis msxvili qvedanayofebisa da amboxebulTa winaaRmdeg SeiZleba sxva airebTan SereviTac iqnes gamoyenebuli. Aamboxebebis CasaxSobi airebi iyofa orad _ pirRebinebis gamomwvev da cremlsaden airebad. 1) pirRebinebis gamomwvevi airebi: es airebi normalur pirobebSi myar mdgomareobaSia; gacxelebiT orTqldeba, Semdeg kondensirdeba da warmoqmnis toqsikur aerozolebs. PpirRebinebis gamomwvevi airebi iwvevs TvalebSi dabnelebas da cremldenas, amasTan erTad, zeda sasunTqi gzebis iseT wvas, rogorsac iwvevs mware wiwaka. Eam airebis zemoqmedebiT iwyeba uneblie xvela, cxviris cemineba, pirRebineba, da bolos _ Zlieri sisuste. AaRniSnuli airebis gamoyeneba daxurul sivrceSi ufro efeqturia da iwvevs mZime daavadebebs an sikvdils. a) pirRebinebis gamomwvevi airebis moqmedebis ZiriTadi simptomebi: I) Zlieri cremldena;

II) Tavis Zlieri tkivili da yelis wvis SegrZneba; III) gulis SekumSvis SegrZneba an tkivili; IV) TvalebSi dabneleba da cremldena; V) uneblie xvela, cxviris cemineba da nerwyvis gamoyofa; VI) aSkara gulisreva, pirRebineba da cxviridan gamonadeni.

b) pirveli daxmareba pirRebinebis gamomwvevi airebiT mowamvlis dros: I) unda SeikavoT sunTqva da gaikeToT airwinaRi;

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II) Tu gaqvT qloroformis kafsula, unda gatexoT bambis tamponiT an cxvirsaxociT, daasveloT isini da CaidoT airwinaRis qveS. qloroformi momentalurad uzrunvelyofs Tqvens dacvas; III) Tu airebis zemoqmedebis qveS Tvalebis, saxisa da kanis garda, sxeulis sxva nawilebic moxvda, unda gaiwmindoT; IV) pirRebinebis SemTxvevaSi, airwinaRi erTi wamiT unda aiwioT; am dros sunTqva unda SeikavoT da Tvalebi daxuWoT. Semdeg airwinaRi isev unda gaikeToT. Tu saWiroa, SeiZleba pirSi wylis gamovleba, magram wylis gadaylapva ar SeiZleba. 2) cremlmdeni airebi: airwinaRis gakeTebamde Tu cremlmdeni airis zemoqmedeba ganicadeT, es gamoiwvevs Tvalebis ukiduresad acremlebas da Zlier tkivils, agreTve, zeda sasunTqi gzebis gaRizianebas. im SemTxvevaSi, roca airwinaRs airis zemoqmedebis Semdeg gaikeTebT, ar unda daiviwyoT misi gawmenda, xolo Tvalebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, gaxelili unda gqondeT. aRniSnuli airebis moqmedeba TavisiT gaivlis. Tvalebis sresa ar SeiZleba. aRelvebebisa da uwesrigobebis CaxSobisas gamoyenebuli es airebi momwamvlel airebad ar iTvleba. isini orTqlis an aerozolis saxiT gamoiyeneba. a) cremlmdeni airebis moqmedebis ZiriTadi simptomebi: I) cremlis gamowveva TvalebSi;

II) zeda sasunTqi gzebis gaRizianeba; III) kanis lorwovanebze siwiTle da mZime damwvrobebi.

b) cremlmdeni airebis moqmedebisas pirveli daxmareba da kanisa da Tvalebis gawmenda: I) pirveli daxmareba: ar SeiZleba Tvalebis sresa. piradi Semadgenloba sufTa haerze unda gaviyvanoT da 5-10 wuTi gavaCeroT qaris sapirispirod. cremli airis nawilakebs gareT gamoitans. Tvalebi, sresis SemTxvevaSi, gawiTldeba, SeSupdeba da daixuWeba. II) airis nawilakebis moSoreba kanidan da Tvalebidan: cxel, nestian da daxurul garemoSi, didi raodenobiT cremlmdeni airiT kanis dabinZurebisas, kani manamade unda vibanoT wyliT, sanam ar gasufTavdeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba kanze gaCndes wylulebi. Txevad an myar mdgomareobaSi qimiuri cremlsadeni nivTiereba Tu TvalebSi moxvda, Tvalebi gavaxiloT da movibanoT didi raodenobiT wyliT. tansacmeli jagrisiT unda gaviwmindoT.

8. gangaSi qimiuri saSiSroebisa da Tavdasxmis gamo qimiuri nivTierebebis gafantvis an piradi Semadgenlobis gangaSis xmis gagonebis dros, jariskacebma unda Seikavon sunTqva, gaikeTon airwinaRi da yviriliT an sxva niSnebiT amcnon gangaSi megobar qvedanayofebs.

a. gangaSis Sesaxeb gafrTxileba iwyeba ZiriTadad yviriliT _ ,,gazebi!””””””””GgangaSis Sesaxeb gamafrTxilebel sxva saSualebebs warmoadgens: xeliT Cveneba (xelis niSnebi), maRali xmis gamomcem nebismier liTonis sagnebze swrafi da ganuwyveteli dartyma, manqanis sayviri, aseve, wyvetili xmis gamomcemi sayvirebi (10 wm-is ganmavlobaSi gamoscemen xmas, 10 wm-is ganmavlobaSi _ ara) (nax. 6-4).

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xeliT miniSneba

avtomaturi qimiuriiaraRis gangaSi xmovani

Setyobineba

nax. 6-4 gangaSis standartuli signalebi

b. saSiSroebis gavla unda vamcnoT ZaxiliT _ ,,safrTxem gaiara!” _ aucilebeli pirobebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, aseulisa da oceulis meTaurebis brZanebiT iwyeba airwinaRis moxsnis procedura.

9. damcavi RonisZiebebi qimiur omSi qimiuri Setevisas yvelaze karg Tavdasacav saSualebas warmoadgens damcavi aRWurvilobis gamoyeneba da damcavi tansacmlis Cacma. raionSi mkacrad unda gakontroldes damcavi yvela samedicino saSualeba da RonisZieba. a. damcavi aRWurviloba: qimiuri Tavdasxmis dros TiToeuli jariskacis yvelaze karg Tavdasacav saSualebas warmoadgens airwinaRi. es ukanaskneli xels uSlis momwamvleli nivTierebebis sunTqvis gziT organizmSi Sesvlas. Txevadi qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebisgan sruli Tavdacvis uzrunvelsayofad, saWiroa damcavi tansacmlis, qudis, airwinaRis, damcavi Ceqmebisa da rezinis xelTaTmanebis Cacma. 1) mowinaaRmdegis mier qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebisas, yvela jariskacma dauyovnebliv airwinaRi unda gaikeTos. dakecili damcavi tansacmeli da airwinaRi, romelTac Tan atarebs jariskaci, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi an brZanebis miRebisas, unda Caicvas (nax. 6-5); 2) rogorc ki gaicema brZaneba qimiuri safrTxesTan dakavSirebiT gangaSis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb, yvela valdebulia dauyovnebliv Sevides БМqsm-Si, Caicvas damcavi tansacmeli da gaikeTos airwinaRi. transportSi uwesrigobis Tavidan asacileblad, Casacmelad, TiToeuls unda hqondes miCenili gansazRvruli adgili. es, garda imisa rom Tavidan acilebs areulobas, amave dros, uzrunvelyofs usafrTxoebas. 3) rodesac mowinaaRmdegis mier qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis didi albaTobaa an roca igi am iaraRs ukve iyenebs, piradma Semadgenlobam airwinaRi unda gaikeTos qvemoT CamoTvlil SemTxvevebSi: a) rodesac qimiuri gangaSis aparatebi an deteqtoruli saSualebebi daadgens qimiuri sabrZolo masalebis arsebobas;

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qaris mimarT-uleba

nax. 6-5 damcavi aRWurviloba da tansacmeli

b) rodesac raions faravs kvamli an orTqli, romelTa warmoSobis mizezi ucnobia; g) im SemTxvevebSi, roca gamoCndebian mowinaaRmdegis damcav tansacmelSi Cacmuli da airwinaRiani jariskacebi; agreTve, airwinaRi aucileblad unda gaikeToT maSin, rodesac SegxvdebaT adamianebisa da cxovelebis gvamebi, romelTac dazianebis aranairi kvali ar etyobaT; d) rodesac pirad SemadgenlobaSi umizezod iwyeba iseTi simptomebis gamovlena, rogoricaa cxviridan gamonadeni, mkerdSi _ spazmebi, sunTqvis gaZneleba, mxedvelobis darRvevebi, TvalebSi, cxvirsa da yelSi SeteviTi tkivilebi, gaxSirebuli sunTqva. a. Qqimiuri deteqtoruli (ganmsazRvreli) xelsawyoebi: qimiur deteqtorebad gamoiyeneba: qimiuri gangaSis avtomaturi aparati _ M8 A1, qimiuri nivTierebis ganmsazRvreli saSualeba _MM256, qimiuri nivTierebis ganmsazRvreli qaRaldebi _ M8 da M9. 1) roca haerSi nervomaparalizebel airs aRmoaCens, qimiuri gangaSis avtomaturi aparati M8A1 gamoscems xmovan an sxivur (sinaTlis) signalebs. Eam signalebis daWera xdeba qsmМSigniT, marjvena ukana mxares. piradma Semadgenlobam qimiuri nivTierebis aRmosaCenad, gangaSis aparati M8A1 sxva xelsawyoebidan unda gamoacalkevos, instruqciaSi arsebuli ganmartebis Sesabamisad aawyos, zurgze daikidos an gareT dadgas da CarTos. 2) qimiuri nivTierebis ganmsazRvreli kompleqti _ M256 gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, raTa dadgindes nervul, kandamCirqebeli da zogadSxamiani momwamvleli airebis sasikvdilo koncentracia. es xelsawyo gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac saeWvoa _ aris Tu ara qimiuri Tavdasxma an qimiuri nivTierebebi (nax. 6-6).

68

Cafxuti

airwna

Ri

xelTaT-manebi

qimiuridamcavi

nivTiereba

yelianifexsacmeli

nax. 6-6 deteqtoruli kompleqtiY

3) qimiuri nivTierebis ganmsazRvreli qaRaldi M8, 25-furcliani bloknotia (wignakia). airwinaRis qimiur momwamvlel nivTierebebTan Sexebisas qaRaldis furclebi fers icvlis. Txevad, V tipis nervul airebTan Sexebisas _ muqi mwvane xdeba, G tipis nervul airebTan _ yviTeli, kandamCirqebel (mdogvis sunian) airebTan _ wiTeli. imisaTvis, raTa darwmundeT momwamvleli airebis arsebobaSi, qaRaldi unda SeaxoT Txevad nivTierebas. am qaRaldis yvelaze ukeT gamosayenebeli adgili liTonis msgavsi gamtari nivTierebebia. saizolacio nivTierebebs (ficari, kauCuki) yovelTvis ver endobiT. am furclebs zogierTma sxva nivTierebamac (zogierTi gamxsneli da siTxis Semcveli) SeiZleba feri Seucvalos. Aaqedan gamomdinare, qimiuri nivTierebis damdgen qaRald M8-s SeuZlia qimiuri nivTierebebis arsebobis mxolod savaraudo gansazRvra. qimiuri nivTierebebis ganmsazRvreli saSualebis gamoyenebisas SeiZleba qaRaldis testebis Secvla. 4) M9 qimiuri nivTierebis ganmsazRvreli qaRaldis piri mwvanea, qaRaldi ukana mxariT ewebeba. rulonze am misakrob nawils, mosaxev adgilamde, icavs TeTri qaRaldi. M9 qaRaldis siganea 5sm, sigrZe _ 7,5sm. yvela ruloni moTavsebulia muyaos konteinerSi, romelsac wamaxuli bolo aqvs, rulonis advilad gadaxevis mizniT. plastmasis ganyofilebebiani CanTa, am qaRaldis Senaxvis Semdeg, sxva raimes damcvel saSualebad SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli. Ddeteqtorul qaRaldebs qimiuri nivTierebebis aRmoCena yvela amindSi SeuZlia. es qaRaldebi, TiToeuli jariskacis mier aRWurvilobasa da xelsawyoebze miwebebis Semdeg, sustdeba. deteqtoruli qaRaldi daadgens qimiuri nivTierebebis arsebobas. maTTan Sexebisas, qaRaldze gamoCndeba vardisferi, wiTeli, mowiTalo, yavisferi an mowiTalo-iisferi wertili. es ukanaskneli SeiZleba iyos iseTi patara, rogorc qinZisTavia an iseTi didi, rogorc liTonis fulis monetaa. 5) qimiuri nivTierebis monitori (qnm-KMM ) portatiuli, xelSi dasaWeri xelsawyoa da gamoiyeneba haerSi arsebuli nervuli da HkandamCirqebeli jgufis dafiqsirebisaTvis. qnm gamoiyeneba sufTa raionebis Sesamowmeblad, pirad Semadgenlobasa da aRWurvilobaze arsebuli dabinZurebis gansazRvrisTvis, gamwmendi operaciebis Sedegis CvenebisTvis. qnm imdenad mgrZnobiarea, rom SeuZlia pirad Semadgenlobaze arsebuli yvelaze mcire qimiuri dasnebovnebis aRmoCenac ki da amas avlens Txevadi kristalis saSualebiT. g. qimiur Tavdasxmamde gansaxorcielebeli individualuri moqmedebebi: rodesac qveiTi oceuli aRmoCndeba mosalodneli qimiuri Setevis saSiSroebis winaSe an miiRebs gafrTxilebas, mTelma piradma Semadgenlobam unda ganaxorcielos qvemoT CamoTvlili gamafrTxilebeli zomebi: 1) viTarebis Sesabamisad, damcavi RonisZiebebidan gamoiyeneba 2, 3 an 4; 2) M8/M9 qaRaldi ewebeba tansacmelsa da transports; 3) ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, meti aRWurviloba unda daifaros safriT; 4) uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes qimiuri nivTierebebis aRmomCeni xelsawyoebis muSa mdgomareobaSi yofna; 5) pirad Semadgenlobas xelT unda hqondes gasawmendi xelsawyoebi; 6) mzad unda iyos im adgilis dasatoveblad, sadac imyofeba. d. qimiuri Tavdasxmis dros gansaxorcielebeli individualuri moqmedebebi: qvedanayofebi SesaZloa moxvdnen uSualod qimiur TavdasxmaSi an qaris mier motanili qimiuri nivTierebebis moqmedebis qveS. orive SemTxvevaSi, maT maSinve unda Seikavon sunTqva, gaikeTon airwinaRebi, gamoacxadon gangaSi, Caicvan damcavi tansacmeli da gaagrZelon TavanTi movaleobis Sesruleba. 1) rodesac Tavdasxma radiaqtiuli formiT gamovlindeba, wvimis wveTebisgan Tavis ukeT dasacavad, unda gamoiyenon TavSesafris msgavsi safari. wvimis Sewyvetis Semdeg, yvelam unda gadayaros safari, gaiwmindos tansacmeli da aRWurviloba. 2) rodesac qimiur nivTierebebs iyeneben Cveni Zalebi, piradi Semadgenloba ganaxorcielebs imave damcav RonisZiebebs, romelsac iyenebs mowinaaRmdegis qimiuri Setevis dros. e. qimiuri Tavdasxmis Semdeg gansaxorcielebeli individualuri moqmedebebi: mTelma piradma Semadgenlobam airwinaRiT unda gaagrZelos movaleobis Sesruleba. Aaxlos myof daWrilebs maSinve unda aRmouCinon pirveli daxmareba. raionSi myofi daWrilebisa da daxocilebis Sesaxeb pataki unda gadascen Stabs. dauyovnebliv unda gaiwmindon kanis is adgilebi, sadac qimiuri nivTiereba moxvda. aseve, SeZlebisdagvarad, swrafad unda gasufTavdes tansacmeli da aRWurviloba. v. airwinaRis moxsnis pirobebi: qimiuri Tavdasxmis Semdeg airwinaRis moxsna dauSvebelia qvedanayofis meTauris brZanebis gareSe. Tu qvedanayofs meTauri ar hyavs,

69

maSin mis movaleobas asrulebs qvemdgomi ufrosi da am ukanasknelis brZanebas maSinve asrulebs piradi Semadgenloba. z. amocanis Sesabamisi damcavi (a.S.d.) RonisZiebebi: qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebisas qvedanayofis meTauri iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom meomrebi srulad aRiWurvon damcavi kompleqtiT da gaikeTon airwinaRebi an gamoiyenon am kompleqtis nawili. AaseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas safuZvlad udevs mowinaaRmdegis mier qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, qvedanayofis davaleba, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi _ fizikuri moqmedebebi da haeris temperatura. Sesabamisad, Tu SesaZlebelia, meTauri Tavidanve gansazRvravs aucilebeli RonisZiebebis saxeobas. MmogvianebiT, moqmedebisas gamovlenili cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, man SeiZleba Tavidan miiRos gadawyvetileba (nax. 6-7).

nax. 6-7 amocanis Sesabamisi damcavi (a.S.d.) tansacmeli da Cacmis Tanamimdevroba

qvedanayofis meTauri, Sesabamisad, gansazRvravs, romeli aRWurviloba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da ra RonisZiebebia Casatarebeli. Mmeore cxrilSi naCvenebia damcavi tansacmeli da aRWurviloba, romelTa gamoyenebac sxvadasxva pirobebSi sxvadasxvanairia. arsebobs gansakuTrebuli viTareba, roca mxolod airwinaRis gakeTebaa saWiro. amaze brZanebis gacema mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli, rodesac ar aris adamianis kanis damazianebeli sasikvdilo momwamlavi nivTirebis gamoyenebis saSiSroeba. meTaurebi sagangebod qmnian garemos, pirobebsa da yvela xelsayrel SemTxvevas iyeneben imisaTvis, raTa aswavlon jariskacebs Tavdacvis yvela safexuris Sesabamisi moqmdebebi. Tavdacvis meoTxe safexuris gamoyenebiT, operaciis ganxorcielebisas, piradma Semadgenlobam SesaZloa dakargos garkveuli potenciali. rodesac jariskacebi iyeneben srul damcav kompleqts, ecema sabrZolo viTarebis Sefasebis done, sustdeba kavSiri da Zneldeba informaciis miReba. jgufisa da oceulis meTaurebma unda gaiTvaliswinon qvemoT moyvanili SemTxvevebi: 1) siTburi dartyma: piradma Semadgenlobam, romelic aRWurvilia damcavi kompleqtiT da mZime samuSao pirobebi aqvs, gansakuTrebiT cxel qveynebSi, sabrZolo moqmedebebSi monawileobisas, SesaZloa miiRos siTburi dartyma. Amisi simptomebia: uxalisoba, SeuZlod yofna, gulis wasvla, Warbi oflianoba, romlis mizezia zomaze meti siTxis miReba; 2) daRliloba: damcav tansacmelsa da airwinaRSi myof pirad Semadgenlobas uWirs sunTqva; mzis sxivebisa da samuSao pirobebis zemoqmedebiT matulobs sxeulis temperatura, fizikuri da fsiqologiuri sirTuleebi iwvevs uZilobasa da daRlilobas. imisaTvis, rom adamianma SeZlos fizikuri arseboba, mas esaWiroeba meti dasveneba da Zili; 3) grZnobis organoebi: damcavi kompleqtiT aRWurvili piradi Semadgenlobis mgrZnobeloba, Tavisi movaleobis Sesrulebisas, Zalian sustdeba. aseT pirobebSi muSaobis Sedegi damokidebulia sabrZolo momzadebasa da pirovnul Zalisxmevaze. airwinaRian

70

pirad Semadgenlobas Zalian uWirs iseTi martivi moqmedebebic ki, rogoricaa radiosadguriT laparaki an damizneba. 4) individualuri moTxovnilebebi: piradi Semadgenloba ver SeZlebs, did xans gaZlos damcav tansacmelsa da aRWurvilobaSi, vinaidan mas sWirdeba Wama, sma, Wrilobebis movla, gaparsva, pirad moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba. QqveiTi oceulis meTauri am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas Semdegi gegmiT axorcielebs: a) dasnebovnebis zonidan gamosvlisTvis koordinacias axdens nawilis meTaurTan; b) amowmebinebs, dadginda Tu ara qimiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis arseboba, gaiwminda Tu ara maTgan is zona, romelic gansazRvrulia piradi Semadgenlobis piradi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad; g) nawilis meTaurs atyobinebs, rom oceuli agrZelebs dasnebovnebul zonaSi Tavisi movaleobebis Sesrulebas. T. qimiuri dasnebovnebisagan gawmendis meTodebi: qimiurad dasnebovnebis SemTxvevaSi ecema qvedanayofis brZolisunarianoba. amis Tavidan asacileblad xorcieldeba gawmenda (dezaqtivacia). 6-2 cxrilSi mocemulia gawmendis xerxebi Svidi standartuli formis mixedviT: kanis gawmenda, individualuri gawmenda, gawmenda, romelsac atarebs operatori, tansacmlis gawmenda, transportis garecxva, qvedanayofisa da aRWurvilobis detaluri gawmenda, dabinZurebis aRkveTa da brZolisunarianobis SenarCuneba. qveiTma oceulma unda icodes am formebidan, sul cota, pirveli xuTi. Ppirveli sami forma klasificirdeba, rogorc ZiriTadi gawmendis formebi; Semdegi ori _ tansacmlis gamocvla da transportis recxva _ esaa swrafi gawmendis formebi. swrafi gawmendis mizania, dasnebovnebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebiT, dasnebovnebuli qvedanayofis brZolisunarianobis SenarCuneba. saomar mdgomareobaSi myof erT aTeuls daaxloebiT 45-60 wuTSi SeuZlia gamoiyenos gawmendis zemoT dasaxelebuli formebidan nebismieri ori. gawmenda 6 saaTSi unda daiwyos. Tu transporti dasnebovnebis pirvel saaTSive gairecxeba, es efeqtur Sedegs iZleva.

gawmendis meTodi

gawmendis dawyeebis

saukeTeso dro

vis mier xorcieldeba

meTodebi Sedegi

ZiriTadi meTodebi

pirvelive wuTidan 5 wuTamde

individualurad kanis wmenda Cerdeba airebis gavrceleba

individualurad an ekipaJis (gaTvlis) mier

individualuri wmenda 3-5 wuTi

operatoris wmendisaTvis saWiroa 1 wuTis, xolo transportis wmendisaTvis 30 wuTis lodini

moumzadebeli gawmenda

6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi

qvedanayofi damcavi tansacmlis gamocvla _ 12 jariskacisaTvis erTi saaTi

a.S.d.-4 donidan savaraudo gaTavisufleba

ekipaJi (gaTvla) an gamwmendi aTeuli

transportis recxva erTi transporti _ 2-3 wT.

izRudeba Txevadi airebis gavrceleba

momzadebuli gawmenda

samoqmedo adgilze organizebis SemTxvevaSi

qvedanayofi qvedanayofis detaluri wmenda.12 jariskacisaTvis erTi saaTi

a.S.d.-4 donidan savaraudo gaTavisufleba

gamwmendi aTeuli

aRWurvilobis detaluri wmenda.oTxi transportisaTvis erTi saaTi

izRudeba Txevadi airebis gavrceleba.a.S.d. donis

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Semcireba xangrZlivi droiT, minimaluri riskiT

cxrili 6-2. gawmendis meTodebi

1) kanis gawmenda: Zalian saSiSia, Tu qimiuri nivTiereba SiSvel kans exeba. aseTi dasnebovnebis Tavidan asacileblad da gasaneitraleblad saukeTeso saSualebaa kanis damuSaveba. Kkanis damuSaveba xdeba M258 A1 kanis gamwmendi saSualebiT (nax. 6-8). gawmenda Sedegiani iqneba, Tu igi pirvelive wuTidan daiwyeba.

nax. 6-8 M258 A1 kanis gamwmendi saSualeba

2) individualuri gawmenda: individualuri gawmenda gulisxmobs Cafxutis, airwinaRis, xelTaTmanebisa da iaraRis gawmendas. individualuri gawmenda unda daiwyos dabinZurebidan 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

individualuri gawmenda xdeba M-11 an portatiuli gasawmendi xelsawyoebiT (nax. 6-9). gamwmendi xelsawyoebis gamoyenebisas saWiroa aRWurvilobis Cacma.

nax. 6-9 gamwmendi aparati

3) operatoris mier Casatarebeli gawmenda: individualuri gawmendis damTavrebisTanave iwyeba gawmenda operatoris mier, dabinZurebul zedapirebze

SexebiT gamowveuli dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad da gasaneitraleblad, operatorebi xSirad iyeneben SeSxefebas, Sesxurebas, rac xorcieldeba portatiuli gamwmendi

xelsawyoTi. gamwmendi xelsawyoebis gamoyenebisas saWiroa Sesabamisi aRWurvilobis Cacma.

4) tansacmlis gamocvla: dasnebovnebuli aTeuli (zogjer oceuli) icvlis dasnebovnebul tansacmels. aseulis meTauri uzrunvelyofs maT axali damcavi tansacmliTa da gamwmendi saSualebebiT. tansacmlis gamocvlisas jariskacebi wyvildebian. jgufebi dgebian wreSi 1-3 m SualediT (cxrili 6-3).

safexuri moqmedeba1 tansacmlis gaxda2 Cafxutis gawmenda3 yeliani fexsacmlisa da xelTaTmanebis gaxda 4 axali tansacmlis Cacma

72

yuTi da saxuravi

gasawmendi

paketi 2

gasawmendipaketi 1

ind. gawmendisTvissaWiroa:

- gare tansacmlis damuSaveba;- Tvalebis dabana wyliT;- kanis gawmenda;- aRWurvilobis gawmenda.

5 yeliani fexsacmlis Cacma6 Cafxutis dacva7 aRWurvilobis dacva

cxrili 6-3. tansacmlis gamocvla

5) transportis garecxva: transports recxavs aRWurvilobis motorizebuli gamwmendi formireba an bbq aseulis gamwmendi aTeuli. transportis yvela saSualeba irecxeba sapniani cxeli wyliT 2-3 wT-is ganmavlobaSi.Aam SemTxvevaSi siswrafe mniSvnelovania, radganac transportis garecxvis Semdeg dabinZureba ar mowmdeba. xdeba mxolod uxeSi WuWyis moSoreba. 6) qvedanayofisa da aRWurvilobis detaluri gawmenda: detaluri gawmendisaTvis saWiroa drois didi monakveTi. wmenda xorcieldeba im mizniT, rom jariskacebma SeZlon usafrTxod brZola. AamisaTvis saWiroa, rom oceuli brZolis velis miRma darCes. Ggawmendis proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg, oceuls ubrundeba brZolisunarianoba. Ddetaluri gawmenda tardeba rogorc nawili im reorganizaciisa, romelic xorcieldeba brigadis, diviziisa da korpusis aRalis raionSi. qimiuri qvedanayofi SearCevs adgils, ganTavsdeba masze da dasnebovnebuli oceulidan mivlinebuli piris daxmarebiT wmends aRWurvilobas. Qqvedanayofis gawmendas ganaxorcielebs qimiuri qvedanayofis ramdenime damxmare teqnikosi da dasnebovnebuli oceuli. a) mniSvnelovani iaraRis sistemebi (12,7mm-iani sazenito, 25mm-iani qvemexi da koSkuris tyviamfrqvevi) iwmindeba sapniani wyliT an xsnariT. sabrZolo masalebi irecxeba sapniani wyliT, iwmindeba organuli gamxsneliT, mSraldeba da niavdeba. b) optikuri xelsawyoebi (RamiT xedvis xelsawyo, periskopebi) iwmindeba М258 A1-is saSualebiT an naWriT. organuli gamxsneliT linzebis gawmendisas xedvis unari ar ikargeba. aseTi meTodiT gawmendis Semdeg optikuri xelsawyo TavisiT unda gaSres. g) kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebi niavdeba an, Tu amis saSualebaa, _ cxeli haeriT Sreba. savele telefonisa da radiosadguris liTonis nawilebi iwmindeba gasawmendi xelsawyoebiT da naWriT. d) qsm biologiuri gawmenda xdeba STB-s (super-tropikuli maTeTrebeli) wasmiT. manqanas waesmeba es saSualeba, 30 wuTis Semdeg ki irecxeba. qsm gawmendis sxva saSualebaa misi garecxva sarecxi xsnariT, maRali wneviT wylis gadavleba an sarecxi xsnaris orTqliT garecxva. e) iaraRis gawmenda xdeba sarecxi saSualebiT an sapniani wyliT. moZravi nawilebi da zedapirebi garecxvis Semdeg unda gamSraldes da daizeTos. recxvis dros gaWuWyianebuli tansacmeli an manqaniT unda garecxoT, an Tavidan unda moiSoroT _ dawvaT an CamarxoT miwaSi.

SeniSvna: transportis gawmenda yvelaze ufro Sedegiani maSin aris, rodesac igi dabinZurebidan erT saaTSi iwyeba; rac ufro meti dro gava, gawmendis CamoTvlili formebi miT ufro uSedegoa. Tumca, taqtikuri da logistikuri mizezebis gamo, es procesi zogjer gvian iwyeba xolme.

10. biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi ычмф ыфЫгфдуифф В adamiani Sinaur cxovelebsa da sakveb mcenareebSi arsebul mikroorganizmebsa da toqsinebs iyenebs mowinaaRmdegis dazianebis, dasnebovnebis an ganadgurebisaTvis. mizani: mowinaaRmdegis brZolisunarianobis Sesusteba. am miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia pirdapiri gziT _ uSualod cocxal Zalaze TavdasxmiT an iribi gziT _ naTesebze, Sinaur cxovelebsa da frinvelebze TavdasxmiT an sakvebi maragis ganadgurebiT. biologiuri nivTiereba: biologiuri nivTiereba ewodeba cocxal mokroorganizmebsa da maT toqsinebs, romelTa arseboba adamianebSi, cxovelebsa da produqtebSi iwveven maT dasnebovnebas. biologiuri sabrZolo nivTiereba: sabrZolo mizniT gamoyenebul biologiur nivTierebas biologiuri sabrZolo nivTiereba an biologiuri agenti ewodeba. cocxal arsebebSi is iwvevs dasnebovnebas an sikvdils, xolo usulo sagnebSi _ dazianebis mizezi xdeba. a. biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis klasifikacia: 1) piradi Semadgenlobis sawinaaRmdego sabrZolo nivTierebebi: es nivTierebebi gamoiyeneba adamianTa konkretuli jgufebis winaaRmdeg. Ggarda am ZiriTadi daniSnulebisa, isini asusteben mowinaaRmdegis SetevisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis unars. biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi pirad Semadgenlobaze axdenen fizikur da

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fsiqologiur zemoqmedebas. maTi gamoyeneba iwvevs masiur dazianebas did farTobze. amave dros, did danakargebTan erTad, mowinaaRmdegis Zalebis mkurnalobisaTvis saWiroa mravalricxovani personalisa da medikamentebis gamoyeneba. adamianis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli biologiuri nivTierebebidan yvelaze efeqturia: baqteriebi, riketsiebi, virusebi da sokoebi. 2) antianimaluri (cxovelTa sawinaaRmdego) sabrZolo nivTierebebi: es nivTierebebi gamoiyeneba im cxovelebze zemoqmedebisaTvis, romlebic akmayofileben qveynis moTxovnilebebs xorcsa da cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva produqtze, agreTve, sasapalne cxovelebis mwyobridan gamosayvanad. es biologiuri nivTierebebi cxovelebs asnebovneben an xocaven. am gziT SeiZleba amoiwuros tyavis, cximis, matylisa da cxoveluri warmoSobis proteinuli (cilovani) sakvebis maragi, agreTve, wamalwarmoebisaTvis aucilebeli cxoveluri warmoSobis masalac (iseTebis, rogoricaa adrenalini, insulini, naRveli, kortizoni, antivaqcinebi da Sratebi), sasoflo-sameurneo pirutyvi: Rori, cxvari, Txa, cxeni, jori da Sinauri frinvelebi, ZiriTadad, biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis moqmedebis samizneebia. cxovelTa epizootiuri epidemiebi adamianebs Soris gavrcelebul epidemiebze ufro swrafad vrceldeba. cxovelTa epidemiebis aseT swraf gavrcelebas ganapirobebs mowinaaRmdegis mier infeqciuri nivTierebebis didi raodenobiT Camoyra TviTmfrinavidan, xolo mcire raodenobiT am nivTierebebs jaSuSebi avrceleben. 3) antikropuli (mcenareTa gasanadgurebeli) sabrZolo nivTierebebi: es nivTierebebi gamoiyeneba mcenareTa dasnebovnebisa da dazianebisTvis. MmowinaaRmdege maT gamiznulad iyenebs sakvebisa da ekonomikisTvis mniSvnelovani naTesebis dasnebovnebisTvis, yovelive es ki sabolood asustebs qveynis winaaRmdegobis unars. mcenareTa gamanadgurebeli biologiuri saSualebebis moqmedebis samizneebis gansazRvra xdeba imis Sesabamisad, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs maT qveynis ekonomikisTvis. mcenareTa epidemiebs iwveven soflis meurneobis warmoebis centrebSi da warmoebis deficitis mizezi xdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs SimSils, rogorc erT qveyanaSi, aseve saerTaSoriso masStabiTac. mcenareTa winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli biologiuri sabrZolo saSualebebia: paraziti sokoebi, baqteriebi, virusebi da mwerebi. 4) aRWurvilobis sawinaaRmdego sabrZolo nivTierebebi: aRWurvilobis sawinaaRmdegod gamoyenebuli nivTierebebi is organizmebia, romlebic afuWeben aRWurvilobas an azianeben mis zogierT nawils. am jgufSi gamoyenebuli biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebi iwvevs industriisaTvis aucilebeli da mniSvnelovani masalis dazianebas. ZviradRirebuli masalis dazianeba SeuZlebels gaxdis mis gamoyenebas da iwvevs did fulad danaxarjebs. aRniSnuli mizniT gamoyenebuli biologiuri agentebidan, yvelaze metad sokoebi azianeben Senobebs, kauCukis nawarms, tyavis nakeTobebsa da kvebis produqtebs. zogierTi baqteria warmoqmnis narCenebs, romlebsac SeuZlia sawvavisa da navTobsadenebis dacoba. zogi baqteria warmoqmnis iseT maRalmJavian naerTebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT liTonSi xvrelebis gaCena. b. biologiuri dartyma: mowinaaRmdegis biologiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb informacia igzavneba Stabidan. Yyvela qvedanayofi frTxilad unda iyos da nebismieri aratipuri daavadebis Sesaxeb patakiT acnobos Stabs. biologiuri sabrZolo masalebis sawinaaRmdego saukeTeso zonaluri Tavdacva gulisxmobs piradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobis damcavi gadamWreli zomebis miRebas. Ppiradma Semadgenlobam unda gamoiyenos mxolod is sakvebi da sasmeli wyali, romlis sisufTaveSic darwmunebulia. g. biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis ZiriTadi Tvisebebi: 1) mikrobiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi: a) gadamdebunarianoba _ mikrobebs SeuZliaT xelsayrel garemoSi gamoiwvion daavadebebi. sxvadasxva miznebiT, sxvadasxva mikroorganizmebis gamoyenebis Sesabamisad, es unari gansxvavebulad warmoCndeba. b) momwamvleloba _ mikrobebis mier daavadebis gamowvevis unari, anu organizmis winaaRmdegobis meqanizmis moSla da dasusteba; g) sicocxlisunarianoba _ gamoyenebis Semdeg mikrobebi cocxali rCebian. 2) samxedro maxasiaTeblebi: a) saWiroa Zalze mcire raodenobis mikrobebi _ cocxali organizmebi gamoiyeneba mxolod biologiur iaraRSi. dasnebovnebis gamosawvevad saWiroa Zalze mcire raodenobis mikroorganizmebi. es ukanasknelni vrceldebian adamianebSi,

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cxovelebsa da mcenareebSi. mikroorganizmebiT gamowveuli dasnebovneba mosaxleobis gansazRvrul raodenobaSi gansazRvrul dros iwvevs sneulebebis zrdas. b) biologiuri iaraRis sistemebs, sxva iaraRTan SedarebiT, ufro did farTobze SeuZliaT moqmedeba. radganac biologiuri agenti zomiT mikroskopulia, biologiuri nivTierebis Zlieri doza SesaZlebelia moTavsdes mcire moculobis raime saganSi. mxolod erT satransporto saSualebas, romelSic moTavsebulia biologiuri nivTierebis Semcveli aerozoli, SeuZlia moqmedeba aTasobiT kilometriani miznis raionSi. g) damokidebuleba meterologiur pirobebze: biologiuri nivTierebis dafrqvevaze (aerozoli) mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens: I) mzis sxivi (ultraiisferi radiacia); II) haeris fardobiTi tenianoba; III) qari (siCqare da mimarTuleba); IV) amindis stabiluroba; V) wvima. ultraiisferi radiacia spobs biologiuri nivTierebebis umravlesobas, tenian garemoSi ki isini sicocxlisunarianni arian, ris gamoc biologiuri Tavdasxmebi umetesad RamiT xorcieldeba. qarian amindSi, miznis xilvadobis TvalsazrisiT, aerozoliT biologiuri nivTierebis moqmedebisTvis mniSvnelovania qaris siCqare. am mxriv, yvelaze xelsayreli siCqarea 15-33 kmsT. d) gviani zemoqmedeba _ biologiuri nivTierebebis mavne zemoqmedeba maSinve ar iwyeba. imisaTvis, rom virusmatarebelSi gamomJRavndes sneuleba, droa saWiro. mikroorganizmebi gamravlebis Semdeg daZleven organizmis winaaRmdegobas da aavadeben mas. Ddros, romelic gadis yoveli biologiuri agentis organizmSi moxvedridan daavadebis gamomJRavnebamde, inkubaciuri periodi ewodeba. yvela biologiur agents aqvs Tavisi inkubaciuri periodi, romelic ramdenime dRidan ramdenime Tvemde meryeobs. imisTvis, vinc mas iyenebs, sasurvelia, rom biologiur agents rac SeiZleba mokle inkubaciuri periodi hqondes. e) gavrceleba: biologiuri iaraRi vrceldeba yvela mimarTulebiT. misi SeCereba SeuZlebelia, piriqiT _ daxurul adgilebSi gavrceleba ufro intensiuria. v) gamanadgurebeli Tviseba: masalebs, ZiriTadad, ver anadgurebs. z) gamovlena: biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis aRmoCena xuTi grZnobidan (mxedveloba, smena, ynosva, gemo, Sexeba) verc erTiT ver xerxdeba. isini farulad moqmedeben. es momgebiania Semtevi mxarisaTvis da, piriqiT _ wamgebiani Tavdamcavi mxarisTvis. T) organizmebis sicocxlisunarianoba: biologiuri nivTierebebi warmoadgenen cocxal organizmebs, maTi kvdoma damokidebulia gareSe pirobebze. isini ver cocxloben mzis sxivebSi, maRal temperaturaze da qviSian adgilebSi. i) warmoeba iolia _ biologiuri sabrZolo masalebi yvelaze iafia. MmaTi warmoeba Tavisuflad SeiZleba yvelgan, sadac ki awarmoeben medikamentebsa da alkoholur sasmelebs. k) SesaZlebelia zemoqmedebis Zalis koreqtireba: sneulebis gamomwvevi biologiuri agentis dozis gazrdiT SesaZlebelia daavadebis swrafi ganviTareba. l) retroaqtiuroba: biologiuri agentis warmoadgens safrTxes, aseve maTTvis, vinc mas iyenebs rogorc sabrZolo saSualebas. am viTarebas retroaqtiurobas uwodeben. gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas, rom daavadeba SesaZlebelia gavrceldes gamomyenebli mxaris pirad Semadgenlobaze. aqedan gamomdinare, miRebuli unda iqnas Sesabamisi damcavi zomebi. d. organizmSi biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis (agentebis) SeRwevis gzebi: 1) sasunTqi sistemiT (inhalacia); 2) saWmlis momnelebeli sistemiT (peroraluri gza); 3) kanis saSualebiT (rezorbcia); 4) urogenitaluri saSualebiT (sasqeso organoebi); 5) Tvalis lorwovani garsis saSualebiT (koniuqtiviti). e. biologiuri sabrZolo mizniT gamosayenebeli agentebi unda akmayofilebdnen qvemoT CamoTvlil moTxovnebs: 1) warmoeba ioli da iafi unda iyos; 2) Senaxvisa da garemo pirobebisadmi gamZle unda iyos; 3) unda gaaCndes Zlieri infeqciuri Tvisebebi da epidemiis gavrcelebis unari; 4) unda hqondes daavadebis gamowvevis didi unari; 5) organizmSi unda xvdebodes sxvadasxva gzebiT, gansakuTrebiT, sunTqvis saSualebiT;

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6) inkubaciuri periodi mokle unda iyos; 7) diagnostikuri (maTi arsebobis aRmosaCeni) periodi mokle unda iyos; 8) Tavidan unda iqnes acilebuli retroaqtiuri safrTxe, anu, gamomyenebelma mxarem unda ganaxorcielos acrebi da sxva damcavi RonisZiebebi. v. biologiuri iaraRis gadatanis (gatyorcnis) saSualebebia:

1)xmeleTze: a) generatorebi da kompresorebi; b) biologiuri sabrZolo qobiniani Wurvebi; g) raketebi; d) marTvadi Wurvebi; e) naRmebi. 2) haerSi: a) TviTmfrinavebi, aerostatebi da vertmfrenebi; b) bombebi; g) generatorebi; d) paraSutebi da upiloto TviTmfrinavebi.

3) zRvaSi: a) generatorebi; b) naRmebi; g) Wurvebi; d) raketebi; e) marTvadi Wurvebi. z. biologiuri omisagan Tavdacvis meTodebi: 1) aqtiuri Tavdacvis zomebi: aqtiuri Tavdacvis mizania, biologiuri sabrZolo Setevis Tavidan acileba.

aqtiuri Tavdacvis zomebia: a) mowinaaRmdegis biologiuri sabrZolo saSualebebis ganadgureba: mowinaaRmdegis sakvlevi nagebobebis, laboratoriebis, sawarmoo Senobebis, sawyobebisa da biologiuri agentebis gamavrcelebeli wertilebis aRmoCena, dangreva an ganadgureba da amiT mowinaaRmdegis biologiuri Tavdasxmis unaris Semcireba. b) mowinaaRmdegis iaraRis sistemebis moqmedebis SeCereba: mowinaaRmdegis iaraRis sistemebis moqmedebis SeCerebam SesaZloa Tavidan agaciloT mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxmebi da maqsimalurad Seamciros isini. 2) pasiuri Tavdacvis zomebi: pasiuri Tavdacvis mizania, warmoebuli biologiuri Tavdasxmis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis Semcireba, minimalur donemde dayvana. pasiuri Tavdacvis RonisZiebebs sami stadia aqvs: Tavdasxmamde, Tavdasxmis momentSi da Tavdasxmis Semdeg. a) Tavdasxmamde gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi: piradi Semadgenlobis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebisa da toqsinebis winaaRmdeg Tavdacva unda daiwyos Tavdasxmamde Zalian adre. es momzadeba gulisxmobs individualur janmrTelobaze zrunvas da bbq Tavdacvis swavlebas. I) individualur samedicino momsaxureba: imisaTvis, rom ar Sesustdes qvedanayofis qmediTunarianoba, saWiroa iseTi ZiriTadi RonisZiebebis gatareba, rogorebicaa _ acrebis xelaxali Catareba, sxeulisa da garemos sisufTave, fizikuri mzadyofna. - acrebis xelaxali Catareba: acrebi naklebad SesaZlebels xdis piradi Semadgenlobis dazianebas. sworad Catarebuli acrebi uzrunvelyofs biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis mier warmoqmnili mravali daavadebisagan dacvas. aucilebelia, rom mTel pirad Semadgenlobas Cautardes mTavari acrebi. - higienuri RonisZiebebis Catareba: piradi Semadgenloba, praqtikuli higienuri Cvevebis CamoyalibebiT, uzrunvelyofs sneulebebisagan Tavdacvas. Aamis saukeTeso saSualebaa, SeZlebisdagvarad, sxeulis sisufTavis dacva. Eesaa ara marto sufTa xel-piri, aramed mTeli sxeulis, gansakuTrebiT, fexebisa da dabinZurebuli kanis gawmenda. SiSveli xelebi unda daibanon Wamamde, wylis dalevamde da sigaretis mowevamde. Ggarda amisa, piradma Semadgenlobam unda gaixexos kbilebi da gaiparsos wveri. Tu sxeulze patara iarebi, nakawrebi da Wrilobebia, pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCenamde, saWiroa maTi kargad dabana sapniani wyliT imitom, rom sneulebaTa warmomSobma mikrobebma am nakawri adgilebidan SeiZleba SeaRwion organizmSi da gamoiwvion daavadeba. daavadebaTa umravlesoba swored am gziT vrceldeba. - garemos sisufTave: daavadebebis SeCerebis erT-erT saSualebas warmoadgens garemos sisufTavis dacva. saWiroa sakvebis yvela carieli yuTisa da narCenebis miwaSi

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Cafvla. tualetebi yoveldRe unda gaiwmindos.Ggadaadgilebisas, tualetebisaTvis gaTxrili ormoebi unda gadaixuros. DDdaavadebebis gavrcelebis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa kontroli mwerebsa da mRrRnelebze. - fizikuri mzadyofna: Sesaferisi fizikuri mdgomareobis arsebobisas organizms ufro ukeT SeuZlia gaumklavdes daavadebebs. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia, rom adamianis organizmma kargad daisvenos, kargad ikvebos da janmrTeli iyos. II) bbq Tavdacvis swavleba: bbq sakiTxebSi qvedanayofis kargad momzadeba niSnavs warmatebuli moqmedebisTvis mis mzadyofnas. - individualuri momzadeba: piradma Semadgenlobam samxedro samsaxuris manZilze unda Seiswavlos, moemzados da praqtikulad ganaxorcielos is amocanebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia bbq garemoSi gadarCenasTan. Aam momzadebaze uSualod pasuxismgebelia meTauri. - koleqtiuri momzadeba: bbq-s sakiTxebSi momzadebulma meTaurebma unda dagegmon da uxelmZRvanelon maRali donis momzadebas, romelic moicavs bbq pirobebSi erToblivi, mniSvnelovani amocanebis Sesrulebas. b) amJamad biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis zustad gansazRvra maTi damdgeni saSualebebiT da sistemebiT SeuZlebelia. qvedanayofis piradi Semadgenloba, Tuki SeniSnavs biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebebis gamoyenebis niSnebs, dasnebovnebisgan Tavdasacavad, avtomaturad ikeTebs airwinaRs. I) biologiuri Tavdasxmis niSnebi: birTvuli Setevis niSnebi aSkaraa, biologiuri Setevis amocnoba ki iseTive rTulia, rogorc qimiuri Setevisa. Bbiologiuri Setevis niSnebi orad iyofa: aSkara niSnebi: biologiuri Tavdasxmis amocnoba rTulia. Ddasnebovnebis didi albaTobis mqone niSnebi, gansakuTrebiT, Sesaferisi amindis pirobebSi SeiZleba Semdegi iyos:

piradi SemadgenlobisTvis ucnobi mizezebiT gamowveuli daavadebebi;ucnobi Tvisebebis mqone WiaRuebisa da mwerebis didi raodenobiT arseboba;Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebis masiuri daxocva, garegani dazianebis gareSe.

SemTxveviTi (mcire albaTobis mqone) niSnebi: Zlier feTqebad WurvebTan SedarebiT, mcire Zalis afeTqebis mqone

Wurvebi; Cveulebriv feTqebad sabrZolo masalasTan SedarebiT, TviTmfrinavis

mcire FfeTqebadi Zalis Wurvebi; TviTmfrinavidan dafrqveuli kvamli an nisli.

II) saswrafo zomebi: - airwinaRis saswrafod Cacma; - tansacmlis Sekvra; - unda Seikras Semdegi adgilebi: kiseri, maja, fexis koWebi _ isini kargad unda daifaros; - Tu gaqvT damcavi tansacmeli _ unda CaicvaT, radganac is Zlier amaRlebs adamianis dacvis dones; - koleqtiuri TavdacvisaTvis piradma Semadgenlobam Tavi unda Seafaros TavSesafars, romelsac filtris efeqturi sistema aqvs. g) damcavi moqmedebebi Tavdasxmis Semdeg: biologiuri Tavdasxmis Semdgomi operaciebi moicavs: 34 an 256 kompleqtebiT nimuSebis aRebas, gamomJRavnebuli simptomebiT sneulebebis gamorkvevasa da maT mkurnalobas. simptomebis adre amocnoba da mkurnaloba, garda imisa, rom amcirebs gamojansaRebis periods, amasTanave, amcirebs sikvdilianobas. qvemoT CamoTvlili simptomebidan Nnebismieri SeiZleba gamovlindes cocxali biologiuri sabrZolo nivTierebiT Tavdasxmisas: I) Tavbrusxveva, gonebis dabindva an gaorebuli, bundovani xedva;

II) kanis wiwkna, tkivili, mgrZnobelobis dakargva da Zlieri caxcaxi; III) sxeulze siwiTlis, laqebis an wylulebis gaCena; IV) xvela; V) sicxe, kunTebis tkivili, daRliloba; VI) ylapvis gaZneleba;

VII) gulisreva, pirRebineba da kuWis aSliloba; VIII) sisxldena iarebidan, sisxli SardSi, ganavalsa da naxvelSi; IX) Soki.

es simptomebi gamomJRavndeba biologiuri agentebis Tavdasxmidan ramdenime wuTis an saaTis Semdeg. am toqsikuri Tavdasxmis Semdeg piradi Semadgenloba unda

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gasufTavdes. gasufTaveba xorcieldeba sapniani wyliT an MM258 A1 an MM291 saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. sakuTari TavisTvis an amxanagisTvis aRmosaCeni pirveli daxmareba icvleba gamoyenebuli sabrZolo nivTierebisagan gamomdinare. sabrZolo nivTierebis CasunTqvisa da organizmSi SeRwevis Tavidan asacileblad, piradma Semadgenlobam, upirveles yovlisa, unda gaikeTos airwinaRi, Semdeg ki kani, romelic momwamvleli nivTierebis uSualo zemoqmedebis qveS moxvda, unda gaiwmindos. Tu dazaralebuli piradi Semadgenlobis mdgomareobaSi gaumjobeseba ar SeiniSneba, saWiroa samedicino daxmareba. T. biologiuri iaraRis roli momavlis omSi: 1) biologiuri iaraRi momavlis yvelaze mniSvnelovani iaraRia: taqtikuri da strategiuli daniSnulebiT, sxvadsaxva saxis biologiuri iaraRi, Cveulebriv SeiaraRebasTan erTad, SesaZlebelia iqnas gamoyenebuli, rogorc nebismier sabrZolo moqmedebaSi, aseve mSvidobianobis drosac, mtrulad ganwyobil saxelmwifoze zewolis mizniT. imisaTvis, rom sxva qveynebSi warmoqmnili sneulebebi sakuTar qveyanaSi ar gavrceldes, mimdinareobs muSaoba masobrivi imunitetis gamomuSavebis meTodebze. Aam mizniT, viTardeba acrebis meTodi aerozolis saSualebiT.

nawili VII

sajariso dazverva da kontrdazverva

1. arsi mowinaaRmdege iyenebs mexuTe TavSi ganmartebuli TvalTvalis xerxebs, agrovebs informacias adgilisa da amindis Sesaxeb da amzadebs pataks. Aam informaciis ganxilvis Semdeg amoqmeddeba dazverva, romelic sWirdebaT meTaurebs moqmedebis dasagegmad. piradi Semadgenlobis sicocxle damokidebulia im moxsenebaze, romelic Sedgenilia dazvervis mier mopovebuli informaciis mixedviT. Aamitom saWiroa, rom mowinaaRmdeges xeli SeuSaloT Cveni qvedanayofebis Sesaxeb informaciis SegrovebaSi. kontrdazverva Mmoicavs Semdeg moqmedebebs: a. miznis da moqmedebebis faruloba; b. mowinaaRmdegis dazvervis moqmedebis SezRudva da aRkveTa. g. Cveni qvedanayofebis amocanebis, moqmedebebisa da miznebis Sesaxeb mowinaaRmdegis SecdomaSi Seyvana.

2. informaciis wyaroebi meTaurebi informacias mravali saSualebiT moipoveben. QqvemoT CamoTvlilia informaciis Segrovebis wyaroebi: a. samxedro tyveebi: isini informaciis pirvelwyaros warmoadgenen. xelSi Cavardnili tyve maSinve unda mivgvaroT meTaurs. Mmasve unda vuamboT yvelaferi, rac tyveebisgan SevityveT. b. mopovebuli sabuTebi: aRniSnuli sabuTebi SeiZleba Seicavdes mniSvnelovan informacias mowinaaRmdegis mimdinare an momavali moqmedebebis Sesaxeb. es sabuTebi maSinve meTaurebs unda gadaeces. g. mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebebi: mowinaaRmdegis mier ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, gvaZlevs informacias misi momavali moqmedebebis Sesaxeb. amitomac, maT Sesaxeb unda Sedges pataki. zogierTi ram, rac Tqven mniSvnelovnad ar geCvenebaT, SesaZloa meTaurisTvis mniSvnelovani iyos. d. adgilobrivi samoqalaqo pirebi: umravles SemTxvevaSi, adgilobriv samoqalaqo pirebs aqvT informacia raionSi myofi mowinaaRmdegis, adgilisa da amindis Sesaxeb. maTgan miRebul yvelanair informaciaze unda Sedges pataki. radganac rTulia imis dadgena, Tu romel mxares exmarebian moqalaqeebi, maTgan miRebuli informacia unda gadavamowmoT. unda SevecadoT, rom es informacia gaamyaros da daazustos sxva wyaroebidan miRebulma informaciam.

3. patakis Sinaarsi sruli informacia mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb aris pataki, romelic meTaurs swrafad, uSualod da mTlianad miewodeba. AaseTma patakebma unda upasuxos SekiTxvebs - vin? ra? sad?

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rodis? mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb patakis Sesadgeni formatia mmaqda” (moculoba, moqmedeba, adgili, qvedanayofi, dro da aRWurviloba). a. moculoba: patakSi Sesatania Tqvens mier danaxuli jariskacebisa da satransporto saSualebebis sruli raodenoba. magaliTad: SeniSnuli ,,10 qveiTi jariskaci” (da ara 1 qveiTi aTeuli) an ,,mowinaaRmdegis 3 tanki” (da ara mowinaaRmdegis 1 satanko oceuli). b. moqmedeba: patakSi Setanilia mowinaaRmdegis moqmedeba. magaliTad: ,,gzaze awyobs naRmebs”. g. adgili: patakSi iwereba adgili, sadac gamoCndeba mowinaaRmdege. Tu gaqvT ruka, maSin adgils moniSnavT rva simboloiani koordinatiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad: ,,GL 874461”. rodesac ruka ar gaqvT, maSin aRniSnavT zogierT adgils TqvenTvis saintereso teritoriaze. MmagaliTad: ,,funduki (Zv. sastumro) gzaze. md. Zirulas xididan 300 m samxreTiT”. d. qvedanayofi: mowinaaRmdegis qvedanayofze unda Sedges pataki. Tu igi ucnobia, maSin masSi aRiniSneba zogierTi, calkeuli detali. magaliTad: transportis an Cafxutis tipebi; zog jariskacs gansxvavebuli samxedro forma da Cafxuti aqvs an samxedro formaze zolebia. Qqvedanayofis aRweris sisrulisaTvis mniSvnelovania misi moqmedeba, romelic, amave dros, qvedanayofis tipis maCvenebelia. im aRWurvilobis saxeoba, romelsac uTvalTvalebT, gansazRvruli qvedanayofisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. MmagaliTad: BRDM aRniSnavs dazvervis qvedanayofs. e. dro: patakSi Casaweria mowinaaRmdegis gamoCenis dro. am ukanasknelis gansazRvrisTvis patakSi SeaqvT adgilobrivi da grinviCis dro. v. aRWurviloba: pataki unda iyos Sedgenili mTel im aRWurvilobaze, romelic acvia mowinaaRmdeges da romelsac igi iyenebs. rodesac ucnobia aRWurvilobis masala an transportis tipi, keTdeba maTi uxeSi monaxazi da patakTan erTad igzavneba StabSi.

qvemoT mocemulia patakis nimuSi, romelSiac aris monacemebi mowinaaRmdegis saTvalTvalo erTeulis moculobis, moqmedebis, adgilis, qvedanayofis, droisa da aRWurvilobis Sesaxeb.

visgan: 1-li oceuli, me-3 aseuli, me-2 batalioni vis: S-2, dazvervas, me-2 batalioni # 1 saTvalTvalo punqtma, meorexarisxovan gzaze, 61335-24170 gridis

koordinatebiT, daafiqsira dasavleTisken win mimavali mowinaaRmdegis oTxi tanki. tankebis siCqare saaTSi daaxloebiT xuTi kilometria. tankebs saxuravebi Ria aqvs da jariskacebs, romlebic iqidan Canan, axuravT damcavi Cafxutebi.

4. samxedro tyveebi da mopovebuli sabuTebi samxedro tyveebi informaciis karg wyaros warmoadgenen. Uunda SevecadoT maTgan informacia ise miviRoT, rom ar dairRves saerTaSoriso kanonebi. samxedro tyveebTan adamianuri moqcevaa saWiro; dauSvebelia maTTvis fizikuri da moraluri zianis miyeneba. samxedro tyveebs, ganTavisuflebamde, unda misceT sakvebi, wyali da aRmouCinoT pirveli daxmareba. Tu samxedro tyveebi cudad iqcevian, aseTY SemTxvevaSi moxdeba maTi uflebebis SezRudva saerTaSoriso normebis dacviT.

nax. 7-1 samxedro tyveebis gaCxreka

samxedro tyveebTan urTierTobisas unda gaxsovdeT qvemoT CamoTvlili xuTi punqti:

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a. samxedro tyveebi xelSi CagdebisTanave unda gaiCxrikon: piradobis mowmobisa da airwinaRis garda, maT unda CamoerTvaT iaraRi. CamorTmeuli piradi nivTebisa da sabuTebis nacvlad, samxedro tyveebs miecemaT werilobiTi sabuTi, imis gansamartavad, Tu romeli nivTi da sabuTi romel tyves ekuTvnis. gaCxrekisas jariskaci icavs Cxrekis Camtarebels. tyve, Cxrekis dawyebamde, unda miabjinoT kedels an xes _ piriT kedlisken, xelebi da fexebi unda gaSalos mxrebis siganeze, xelebiT kedels unda mieyudos, Tavi _ Zirs daxaros. Cxreken mis aRWurvilobasa da tansacmels (nax. 7-1). b. samxedro tyveebis dajgufeba sqesisa da socialuri mdgomareobis (samxedro, samoqalaqo piri, politikosi) mixedviT: samxedro tyveebis aseTi dajgufeba exmareba meTaurebs, Tavidan aicilon gaqcevis mcdeloba. EerTi adgilidan meoreSi gadagzavnis dros, samxedro tyveebi, sqesis mixedviT, gancalkevebul jgufebad moZraoben. g. dauSvebelia samxedro tyveebis erTmaneTSi saubari: samxedro tyveebs erTmaneTSi saubris neba ar unda darToT, vinaidan am dros xdeba gaqcevis dagegmva, aseve, laparakis dros maT SeiZleba erTmaneTi gaafrTxilon TavdacvasTan dakavSirebiT. tyveebis TiToeuli naTqvamisa da Cadenil moqmedebis Sesaxeb dgeba pataki. d. samxedro tyveebis dayofa: yvela tyve dgeba piriT meTaurisken, romelic maT erTad Sekrebs da ukan gzavnis dazvervis oficerTan dasakiTxad. e. saWiroa ukan gagzavnili tyveebis dacva: samxedro tyveebs cudad ar unda moeqceT. Uunda aRikveTos gaqcevis yvelanairi mcdeloba. samxedro tyveebs ar unda darToT neba: Sejgufdnen, Zalian Sors wavidnen, Cumad gaiparon. Mmsgavsi qmedebebi qmnis gaqcevis Sanss. Tu samxedro tyve daiWra da ver gamojanmrTelda, maSin igi specialuri daxmarebisTvis igzavneba samedicino personalTan. samxedro tyves, gagzavnamde, aucileblad unda SeudginoT etiketi (aRniSvna), romelic Tavad SegiZliad daamzadoT. AaseTi etiketis nimuSi qvemoTaa mocemuli. AaRniSnuli etiketi SeiZleba daamowmos dazvervis oficerma.

6. mopovebuli sabuTebisa da aRWurvilobis damuSaveba mowinaaRmdegis sabuTebi da aRWurviloba informaciis kargi wyaroa. sabuTebi SeiZleba iyos oficialuri (rukebi, brZanebebi, SeniSvnebi, suraTebi) an piradi (werilebi). Tu msgavs sabuTebs saWiroebisamebr ar gamoiyenebT, informacia, romelsac isini Seicaven, daikargeba an vada gauva. aRniSnuli dokumentebi maSinve unda gadaeces meTaurebs. TiToeul maTgans unda gaukeTdes etiketi, qvemoT mocemuli formiT. rodesac aseTi etiketi samxedro tyves ukeTia, maSin etikets misi saxeli unda eweros.

samxedro tyvis etiketisabuTebis da aRWurvilobis etiketi

xelSi Cagdebis TariRi da dro:xelSi Cagdebis adgili:xelSi Camgdebi qvedanayofi:xelSi Cagdebis pirobebi:

(rogor ganxorcielda)

sabuTebis / aRWurvilobis saxeobaxelSi Cagdebis TariRi da dro:xelSi Cagdebis adgili: (gridis koordinatebi)xelSi Camgdebi qvedanayofi:xelSi Cagdebis pirobebi:

(rogor ganxorcielda)romel semxedro tyves CamoerTva:

cxr. 7-1 samxedro tyvis, sabuTebisa da aRWurvilobis etiketi

7. kontrdazverva mowinaaRmdegem ver unda SeZlos informaciis mopoveba Cveni qvedanayofebis Sesaxeb. amisaTvis unda imoqmedoT qvemoT CamoTvlili wesebis Sesabamisad: a. gamoyenebuli unda iqnes SeniRbvis principebi da meTodebi (xerxebi); b. unda mogvardes xmisa da Suqis disciplinis sakiTxebi; g. uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes adgilis dasufTaveba; d. radiokavSiri unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi formiT; e. saTanado formiT unda iqnas gamoyenebuli paroli da niSnebi; v. ar SeiZleba brZolis velze piradi werilebisa da fotosuraTebis tareba;

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z. brZolis velze ar SeiZleba dRiuris tareba; T. samxedro movlenebze saubrisas yuradRebiT unda iyoT (SesaZloa mowinaaRmdege gismendeT); i. gamoiyeneba mxolod qmediTi (efeqturi) kodebi; k. unda gaagrZeloT mowinaaRmdegis kodis gamoyeneba; l. mowinaaRmdegisTvis sando samxedro da samoqalaqo pirebze unda Sedges pataki; m. garduvalad tyved Cavardnis SemTxvevaSi, yvela ruka da mniSvnelovani sabuTi unda

ganadgurdes; n. xalxmraval adgilebSi dauSvebelia saubari samxedro moqmedebebis Sesaxeb; o. samxedro moqmedebebze saubari SeiZleba mxolod informaciis miRebaze uflebamosil pirebTan; p. samxedro pirebs unda SeaxsenoT kontrdazvervis pasuxismgebloba.

nawili VIII

kavSirgabmuloba

1. arsi sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba marTvisa da kontrolis sistemis Seqmnas. marTvisa da kontrolis sistemis gamarTul funqcionirebaze adgilisa da klimaturi pirobebis uaryofiTi zegavlenis aRmosafxvrelad saWiroa sabrZolo operaciis Semadgenel erTeulebs Soris arsebobdes kavSirgabmulobis efeqturi da aprobirebuli sistema. is unda iyos swrafi, usafrTxo, saimedo, moqnili da xangrZlivmoqmedi. aseTi sistemis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia: yuradRebiT dagegmva, moqmedebis yvela etapze efeqturi sakomunikacio mxardaWera, mowinave teqnologiebiT aRWurva da kargad momzadebuli piradi Semadgenloba misi eqspluataciisaTvis. a. kavSirgabmulobis mizani: kavSirgabmulobis (k/g) mizania Tanamedrove sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmatebiT CatarebisaTvis mopovebuli informaciis Segroveba da umokles droSi xelmZRvanelobis mier gacemuli yvela brZanebis dayvana qvedanayofebamde kavSirgabmulobis Tanamedrove saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. b. kavSirgabmulobis mniSvneloba: meTaurisTvis saWiro informaciis mopovebis, gegmebis ganxorcielebis, brZanebis Sesrulebisa da zurgis mxardaWeris uzrunvelsayofad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kavSirgabmulobis (k/g) saSualebebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saimedo, usafrTxo da swraf kavSirs. did farTobze dafantul qvedanayofebTan kavSiris damyareba SesaZlebelia mxolod saimedo da moqnili k/g saSualebebiT. meTauri, romelic kargavs kavSirs daqvemdebarebul qvedanayofebTan, ver akontrolebs am qvedanayofebs. am SemTxvevaSi kavSiris aRdgenas sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba. yvela Ddonis meTauri pasuxs agebs kavSiris usafrTxoebaze. g. kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebi: k/g saSualebebi, ZiriTadad, 4 kategoriad iyofa:

1) kavSiris eleqtruli saSualebebi;2)k/g vizualuri saSualebebi;3) k/g xmovani saSualebebi;

4) safeldegero kavSiri. a) k/g eleqtrosaSualebebi: I) telefoni; II) telegrafi; III) sareleo kavSiri; IV) televizia; V) radiosadguri (r/s); VI) faqsi. komunikaciis saSualebebi daculi unda iyos k/g saSualebebis usafrTxoebis wesebis Sesabamisad. swrafad cvalebad taqtikur situaciebSi radiosadguri da k/g sxva saSualebebi intensiurad gamoiyeneba saxmeleTo, sazRvao da sahaero Zalebis qvedanayofebis mier. radiosadguri kavSiris yvelaze saimedo saSualebaa. misi usafrTxoeba damokidebulia gareSe faqtorebze: (CaxSobis saSualebebze): teqnikur SesaZleblobebze, mekavSiris (operatoris) kvalifikaciaze, Setyobinebisa da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacvaze. b) kavSirgabmulobis vizualuri saSualebebia: I) sasignalo almebi; II) Suqura;

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III) maSxala; IV) miwaze dasafeni naWrebi; V) signalis micema xeliT; VI) safreni aparatebis manevrireba; VII) signalis micema iaraRiT. am saSualebebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi winaswar gansazRvrulia. sasignalo saSualebiT Setyobinebisas informacia SeiZleba mcdarad iqnas gagebuli,Aamitom am formiT gagzavnili informacia k/g-is sxva saSualebebiT mowodebuli informaciiT unda iyos gamyarebuli. g) Setyobinebis xmovani saSualebebi: I) sastveni; II) sayviri; III) zari; IV) xmis gamaZlierebeli; V) feTqebadi nivTierebebi. es saSualebebi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba xanZrisa da gangaSis dros p/S-is Setyobinebis mizniT. usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT maTi gamoyeneba SezRudulia, radgan SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegem is moisminos da daaxSos. d) kavSiris fizikuri saSualebebi: I) feldegeri; II) fosta (fostalioni, telefoni. telegrafi); III) gawrTvnili cxovelebi (frinvelebi). feldegeri kavSiris yvelaze saimedo saSualebas warmoadgens. feldiegeri SeiZleba iyos fexiT mosiarule an motorizirebuli, Cveulebrivi an specialuri. d. sahaero _ saxmeleTo kavSiri: sahaero da saxmeleTo SetyobinebebSi, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ar gamoiyeneba eleqtronuli xelsawyoebi, ixmareba sainformacio panoebi da adgilis amosacnobi tiloebi. arsebobs ori saxis adgilis amosacnobi tilo. 1) panoebi: gamoiyeneba TviTmfrinavebidan saxmeleTo qvedanayofebTan dasakavSireblad. pano mzaddeba 360×60sm zomis, orive mxridan Savi (AP-30 C) an orive mxridan TeTri qsovilisgan. Aam qsovilebiT xdeba kodirebuli Setyobinebebis gadacema. Savi da TeTri panoebi, adgilis Sesabamisad (Tovliani an Ria, gaSlili reliefi), miwaze efineba. naWrebis saSualebiT TviTmfrinavidan informaciis misaRebad, aseve TviTmfrinavisaTvis informaciis gadasacemad, unda SeirCes vake, gaSlili adgili, romelic unda gaiwmindos dabrkolebebisgan. 2) sahaero _ saxmeleTo amosacnobi tiloebi: es tiloebi gamoiyeneba brZolaSi CarTuli TviTmfrinavebis mier sazRvao Zalebis qvedanayofebis, satransporto saSualebebis, sazRvao xomaldebis, agreTve sakuTari Zalebis amsacnobad. a) sahaero – saxmeleTo qvedanayofebis amosacnobi tiloebi: 50×60 sm zomis, cali mxridan wiTeli, meore mxridan – yviTeli feris tiloebi gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, rom TviTmfrinavebs uCvenon pirveli xazis qvedanayofebis poziciebi. am tipis tiloebi pirad Semadgenlobas urigdeba TiTo cali. b) saxmeleTo transportis amosacnobi tilo: es tilo gamoiyeneba TviTmfrinavebis mier haeridan transportis amosacnobad. Qmas ewodeba AP-50; misi zomebia 180×60sm, cali mxare yviTeli aqvs, meore mxare _ wiTeli. imisaTvis, rom meqanizebuli transporti haeridan kargad gamoCndes, aRniSnuli tilo TokiT an kauWebiT magrdeba Zravis nawilze. satransporto erTeuls urigdeba TiTo cali. e. kavSirgabmulobaze pasuxismgeblia: 1) zemdgomi qvedanayofi _ qvemdgom qvedanayofTan kavSirze; 2) marcxena flangze arsebuli qvedanayofi _ marjvena flangis qvedanayofTan kavSirze; 3) brZanebis mimRebi _ im qvedanayofTan kavSirze, romelsac exeba brZaneba; 4) mxardamWeri qvedanayofi _ mxardasaWer qvedanayofTan kavSirze; 5) maSveli qvedanayofi _ im qvedanayofTan kavSirze, romelsac daxmareba sWirdeba; 6) zurgSi myofi qvedanayofi _ wina xazze myof qvedanayofTan kavSirze; 7) marSis dros: kolonis bolo _ kolonis TavTan kavSirze; 8) win gadaadgilebisas: gadamswrebi qvedanayofi _ gadasaswreb qvedanayofTan kavSirze; 9) ukan gadaadgilebisas: gadaswrebuli qvedanayofi _ gadamswreb qvedanayofTan kavSirze.

2. radio-satelefono kavSiris warmoebis wesebi a. radio-satelefono kavSiris dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi:

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1) dadebiTi mxareebi: a) kavSiris swrafad gamarTva; b) kavSiris damyarebis SesaZlebloba moZraobis dros; g) or abonents Soris kavSiris damyareba ar saWiroebs raime damatebiT konstruqcias; d) uzrunvelyofs kavSirs or iseT punqts Soris, romelTac erTmaneTisagan hyofs dabrkolebebi; e) kavSiris miReba SesaZlebelia ramdenime abonentisgan erTdroulad; v) masze naklebad moqmedebs mowinaaRmdegis cecxli da qvedanayofebis gadaadgilebebi. 2) uaryofiTi mxareebi: a) gadacemebi SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegemac moisminos; b) mowinaaRmdeges advilad SeuZlia radiosadguris adgilmdebareobis dadgena da misi ganadgureba. g) kavSiris damyarebis dros SeiZleba CaerTos rogorc sakuTari, aseve mowinaaRmdegis radiogadamcemebi. d) kavSiri damokidebulia adgilmdebareobasa da klimatur pirobebze; e) mowinaaRmdegem SeiZleba gamoiyenos dezinformaciisa da dezorientaciisaTvi;. v) kavSiris damyarebisaTvis saWiroa specialuri teqnika da sagangebod momzadebuli piradi Semadgenloba; z) Znelia informaciis gaSifvra; T) Setyobinebis moculoba mcirea. b. radio-satelefono kavSiris warmoebis wesebi: 1) gagzavnamde, drois efeqturad gamoyenebis mizniT, yvela mokle Setyobineba (m/S) qaRaldze iwereba. informaciis sisworis gadamowmeba xdeba mimReb da gadamcem mekavSireebs Soris; 2) radiosatelefono gzavnilebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, lakonuri da gasagebi unda iyos; 3) radiotelefonis meSveobiT cifrebis gadacema garkveviT da mkafiod unda moxdes.; 4) mokle Setyobinebis (m/S) gadacemisas mekavSire yoveli winadadebis Semdeg pauzas akeTebs. igi uSvebs mokle gzavnilebs imisaTvis, rom darwmundes, pauzis dros xom ar CaerTo kavSirSi sxva sadguri; 5) sxva qselSi CarTvis Tavidan asacileblad, sanam Setyobinebas daiwyebs, mekavSirem unda moisminos qseli Tavisufalia Tu ara; 6) mimReb-gadamcemi r/sadgurebis erT sixSireze awyobis Sesamowmeblad saWiroa sakontrolo signalis gagzavna, romlis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 10wm-s. g. qseli da misi saxeebi: r/qseli niSnavs ori an ramdenime radiosadguris erTsa da imave sixSireze erTmaneTTan kavSirs. Aarsebobs r/qselis ori saxeoba: 1) Tavisufali qseli _ radioqselSi ori an ramdenime radiosadguris erTmaneTTan kavSiri sakontrolo r/sadguris gareSe. 2) kontrolirebadi qseli _ qseli, romelSic Setyobineba warmoebs sakontrolo radiosadguris mier kontrolis pirobebSi. kontroli xorcieldeba qselSi komunikaciis mimdinareobis mowesrigebis, qselSi Semaval sadgurebs Soris gamavali xazebis (trasebis) kontrolis an kavSiris disciplinis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. radioqselis sqemaze aRniSnulia qselis dasaxeleba, saxmisebi, sixSireebi (ZiriTadi da saTadarigo), saerTo saxmisi, sakontrolo r/sadguri da sxva, msgavsi monacemebi. d. gamoZaxebis saxeebi: 1) saxmisi aris romelime samxedro qvedanayofisTvis miniWebuli saxeli an nomeri. magaliTad, sakontrolo r/s-is mier daqvemdebarebuli radiosadguris gamoZaxebisas:

mtkvari 1 (2-jer), me mtkvari 2 var (1-jer), rogor gesmis, miReba: magaliTi: qveiTi batalionis k/g oceulis meTauri, batalionis marTvis qselSi asrulebs

qselis sakontrolo sadguris funqcias, misi saxmisia: mtkvari-7. marTvis qselSi pirveli qveiTi batalionis meTauris saxmisia mtkvari-9. pirveli qveiTi batalionis operatiuli da sabrZ. momz. oficris saxmisia mtkvari-5. batalionis qselSi pirveli qveiTi aseulis meTauris saxmisia mtkvari-3. batalionis qselSi me-2 qveiTi aseulis meTauris saxmisia: mtkvari-6. batalionis qselSi me-3 qveiTi aseulis meTauris saxmisia: mtkvari-1.qselis Seqmnasa da eqsploataciaze pasuxismgebelia batalionis k/gabmulobis oceulis

meTauri. 2) gamoZaxebis saxeebi: a) radiomimarTuleba: gamoiyeneba qselSi arsebuli ori r/sadgurisTvis.

magaliTad: mtkvari-5 (3-jer), me mtkvari-9 var, miReba!

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b) r/qseli: gamoiyeneba qselSi arsebul erTze meti sadguris gamosaZaxeblad. magaliTad: mtkvari-5,7, me mtkvari-9 var, miReba!

g) cilkularuli saxmisi: es aris qselis sakontrolo r/sadguris (qss) mier qselis yvela radiosadguris erTdroulad gamoZaxebisaTvis gamoyenebuli saxmisi.

magaliTad: qselis saerTo saxmisia xiSti! xiSti, me mtkvari-7 var, miReba!saerTo gamoZaxebis mimRebi sadgurebi pasuxoben im rigis Sesabamisad, rogorc es

qselis sqemazea aRniSnuli.mtkvari-7, me mtkvari-9 var, miReba!mtkvari-7, me mtkvari-5 var, miReba!mtkvari-7, me mtkvari-3 var, miReba!

qselis sadgurebi pasuxoben Tanmimdevrulad. Tu romelime r/sadguri ar pasuxobs, 5 wm-is pauzis Semdeg pasuxobs momdevno r/sadguri. is r/sadguri, romelmac Tavisi rigi gamotova pasuxobs r/qselSi myofi bolo r/sadguris Semdeg. e. dasamarcvli anbani: Setyobinebis momentSi Znelad gasagebi sityvis an sityvaTa jgufis warmoTqmaSi an dawerilobaSi gamoyenebuli sityvebis sawyisi asoebiT warmoqmnil anbans dasamarcvlavi anbani ewodeba. anbanis nebismieri asos ganmartebis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyeneba qvemoT moyvanili dasamarcvlavi anbani.

anbanuri

niSani

wakiTxva

anbanuri

niSani

wakiTxva

anbanuri

niSani

wakiTxva

a ani l lani q qanib bani m mani R Ranig gani n nari y yarid doni o oni S Sinie eni p pari C Ciniv vini r rae c caniz zeni s sani Z ZiliT Tani t tari w wilii ini u uni x xanik kani f fari j jani

h hae

magaliTad: sityva _ ,,avantura” ityobinebian, rom gaugebaria. ,,avantura” _ vmarcvlav: ani-vini-ani-nari-tari-uni-rae-ani _ avantura!

v. cifrebis warmoTqma: 1) cifrebi warmoiTqmis or marcvlad; 2) teqstSi arsebuli sityvebiT daTvlis, angariSis an dasaTvleli jgufebis erTmaneTisgan gansacalkeveblad Tvlis dawyebamde saWiroa sakomunikacio sityvis _ ,,cifrebi”-s gamoyeneba; 3) daTvla-angariSi saTiTao cifriT gadaicema; asi da aTasi ise warmoiTqmis, rogorc iwereba; 4) TvlaSi arsebuli meaTedebi ,,meaTedebad” warmoiTqmis; 5) TariRis warmoTqmisas ricxvi da Tve mTlianad warmoiTqmis. romauli cifrebis SemTxvevaSi, jer warmoiTqmis sityva ,,romauli”. z. sasveni niSnebi: sasveni niSnebi qarTulad warmoiTqmis ise, rogorc ikiTxeba. magaliTad: warmoiTqmeba _ ,,brWyalebi gaxseni” _ ,,brWyalebi daxure“.B T. sakomunikacio sityvebi da mniSvnelobebi:

AmTavari

radiokontroliCemi xma rogor ismis, Cemi rogor gesmiT?

miRebuliaTqveni bolo gamogzavnili (gadmocemuli) miRebulia

araferi ismisgamoZaxebuli sadguridan araferi ismis

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dasasruli kavSiris dasasruli veli pasuxs

damTavrdagamogzavnili informacia srulad iqna miRebuli, pasuxi ar minda

gasagebiaSetyobineba miviRe, Sevasruleb (sityva ,,miRebul iqna” ar gamoiyeneba)

xmis siZlieresTan dakavSirebiT

friadiTqveni xma Zalian kargad ismis, Zlieria

kargi Tqveni xma kargad ismis

susti Tqveni xma sustad ismis

Zlier susti Tqveni xma Zalian sustad ismis miReba

AaSkaraa (Riaa)

Tqveni Setyobinebis xarisxi SesaniSnavia

gasagebiaTqveni Setyobinebis xarisxi damakmayofilebelia

gaugebariaTqveni Setyobinebis xarisxi Znelad gasagebia

CarevebiaSetyobineba Carevebis gamo gaugebaria

wyvetiliaSetyobineba wyvetilad ismis da amitom gaugebaria

3. kavSiris usafrTxoeba da radioeleqtronuli brZola mowinaaRmdegis an uflebamosilebis armqone pirebis mier sadazvervo informaciis xelSi Cagdebis Tavidan asacileblad gasatarebelia RonisZiebebi. radiodisciplinis darRvevisas kavSiris usafrTxoebis dacva SeuZlebeli xdeba. usafrTxoeba miekuTvneba xelmZRvanelobis (meTaurobis) pasuxismgeblobis sferos. pirebi, romlebic usafrTxoebis instruqciis moTxovnilebis gaTvaliswinebiT iyeneben saSualebebs, sistemebs, masalebsa da masTan dakavSirebul dokumentebs, pasuxismgeblebi arian kavSiris usafrTxoebaze. amasTan, es pirebi valdebulni arian gaafrTxilon Sesabamisi xelmZRvaneloba k/g-is usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli naklovanebebisa da maT aRmosafxvrelad Catarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. k/g-is usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebeli piradi Semadgenloba yuradRebiT unda SeirCes. man unda gaiaros specialuri momzadeba. k/g usafrTxoebaSi igulisxmeba materialuri, daSifvris, agreTve gzavnilebis, piradi Semadgenlobis, radiaciuli da teqnikuri usafrTxoeba. materialuri usafrTxoebis mizniT gatarebuli RonisZiebebi gulisxmobs ucxo pirTa mier k/g masalebis, saidumlo aparaturisa da dokumentaciis gamoyenebis, moparvis, dakargvis, xelSi Cagdebis, SpionaJis, ukanono TvalTvalis, fotografirebisa da sxva msgavsi qmedebebis Tavidan acilebas. gzavnilebis usafrTxoeba gulisxmobs RonisZiebebis gatarebas, mowinaaRmdegis an uflebamosilebis armqone piris mier k/g-is saSualebebiT gagzavnili informaciis xelSi Cagdebis Tavidan asacileblad. piradi Semagdenlobis usafrTxoeba moicavs im RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romelic uzrunvelyofs saidumlo dokumentaciis Senaxvas da am dokumentaciasTan momuSave pirebis Semowmebas saimedoobis TvalsazrisiT. am kategoriis mosamsaxureebs aucileblad utardebaT Sesabamisi instruqtaJi. b. parolis sistemebi da maTi gamoyeneba: 1) parolis gamoyeneba aris dezinformaciis sawinaaRmdego RonisZieba. Cveni muSaobis sistemisadmi mimsgavsebiTa da Cveni saxmisis gamoyenebiT qselSi Semosuli mowinaaRmdege cdilobs Cven CaTrevas saubarSi, drois mogebasa da mcdari informaciis mowodebas. swored am moqmedebaTa winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli parolis sistema. parolis gamoyenebis drois kargad codna, piradi Semadgenlobis saTanado momzadeba mocemul sakiTxebSi da moTxovnaTa zustad ganxorcieleba amcirebs mowinaaRmdegis mier Cveni dezinformaciis SesaZleblobas. 2) SeiaraRebuli Zalebis saerTo parolebis cxrili gamoiyeneba kavSiris gayvanilobiT da radio saSualebebSi, rogorc amosacnobi da Setyobinebis paroli. misi saidumloobidan

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gamomdinare, paroli kriptografiul-dasaSifrav centrebSia. igi icvleba yovelTviurad, mekavSireebs ki yoveldRiurad gadaecemaT. 3) SeiaraRebuli Zalebis saerTo paroli ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: a) gadacemis paroli. gadacemis paroli gamoiyeneba satelefono da radiokavSirSi rogorc amosacnobi paroli. igi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: I. paroli miwa-miwa: xmeleTi-xmeleTi, miwa-gemi, gemi-gemi. II. paroli haeri-miwa: b) Setyobinebis paroli: ixmareba m/S gagzavnisa da miRebis dros. 4) viTarebebi, roca saWiroa parolis gamoyeneba: a) rodesac saeWvoa _ adgili aqvs Tu ara dezinformacias; b) parolis SekiTxvisa da pasuxis moTxovnisas; g) kavSiris dawyebisa da damTavrebisas; d) Ria informaciis gadacemisas; e) rodesac gaicema brZaneba r/qselSi siCumis reJimis dawyebis an dasrulebis Sesaxeb; v) siCumis reJimSi myofi r/sadgurisaTvis Setyobinebis gagzavnisas; z) rodesac taqtikur qvedanayofs nabrZanebi aqvs adgilis Secvla; T) rodesac qselidan droebiT gasuli r/sadguri kvlav erTveba qselSi. g. radioeleqtronuli brZola 1) radioeleqtronuli brZola niSnavs mowinaaRmdegis radioeleqtronuli sistemebis mwyobridan gamoyvanas, CaxSobas, sakuTari sistemebis dacvas mowinaaRmdegis radioeleqtronuli Tavdasxmisagan. eleqtronuli brZolis klasifikacia: a) mowinaaRmdegis informaciis mosapoveblad radioeleqtronuli aparaturiT sargebloba; b) mowinaaRmdegisTvis radioeleqtronuli aparaturis gamoyenebis saSualebebis SezRudva; g) sakuTari radioeleqtronuli aparaturis efeqturi gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa; 2) radioeleqtronuli brZolis unari da SesaZleblobebi: a) informaciis miRebis mizniT mowinaaRmdegis eleqtronuli saSualebebiT sargebloba; b) mowinaaRmdegis gadacemebis CaxSoba masSi CarTviT, komunikaciebis dazianebis gamowveva, misTvis dabrkolebebis Seqmna. g) dezinformacia operaciis miznis Sesaxeb. d) Sida kavSirebis SeniRbva Cveni Zalebis xelT arsebuli CamxSobi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT; e) mowinaaRmdegis radiosadgurebis adgilis aRmoCena eleqtronuli mxardaWeris RonisZiebaTa meSveobiT; 3) operatoris moqmedebebi da maTi Tanamimdevroba radiogadacemebis Seferxebisas: radiokavSiris Seferxebis SemTxvevaSi antena unda moxsnaT radiogadamcems da daadginoT, ram gamoiwvia Seferxeba. dabrkolebebi antenis garda SeiZleba gamoiwvios qvemoT CamoTvlilma mizezebma: a) Sida Seferxebebi/xmauri: Sida xmaurs iwvevs aparatSi arsebuli eleqtronuli wredis elementebi. zogjer am xmaurs aZlierebs Sida dazianebebic. b) eleqtromagnituri interferencia: es aris erTmaneTTan axlos ganlagebuli radiosadgurebis urTierTzemoqmedeba. 4) anteniT gamowveuli Seferxebebis dros gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi: a) wredSi unda CairTos eleqtronuli damcavi mowyobiloba; b) unda gagrZeldes normaluri muSaoba; mowinaaRmdeges ar unda vagrZnobinoT, rom mis mier provocirebuli Seferxeba Sedegiania, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi Seecdeba gaaZlieros zemoqmedeba; g) unda Semowmdes aparatis zusti regulireba; d) unda Seicvalos gadacemis forma; saWiroa gadacemis iseTi formis SerCeva, romlis drosac Semaferxebeli signalebi nakleb zians mogvayenebs; e) antenis mimarTuleba da polarizacia unda daregulirdes an saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Seicvalos; v) unda gaZlierdes gadacemis simZlavre; z) unda Seicvalos samuSao sixSire; T) aucilebelia saTadarigo poziciaze gadasvla. 5) pataki Seferxebis Sesaxeb: radiogadacemaSi Carevisa da yovelgvari Seferxebis dros dgeba ,,pataki radioSeferxebebis Sesaxeb” da egzavneba zemdgom qvedanayofs. mekavSiris (operatoris) movaleobaa kavSiris gagrZeleba. mowinaaRmdegis mier eleqtronuli ieriSis ganxorcielebisas, mekavSirem ar unda daiviwyos misi upirvelesi movaleoba, anu mis mier gagzavnilma m/S-m unda miaRwios daniSnulebis adgilamde.

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aRniSnuli m/S erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli sixSireebiT igzavneba. operatorma ar unda daiviwyos, rom mis patakzea damokidebuli mowinaaRmdegis likvidacia, romelic cdilobs misTvis xelis SeSlas.

radioSeferxebebis Sesaxeb patakis formati: a) 1-li striqoni _ patakis tipi (Careva, dezinformacia, ZaliT SeWra, interferencia); b) me-2 striqoni _ r/sadguri, romlis gadacemaTa Seferxebac xorcieldeba (saxmisi) g) me-3 striqoni _ sadguris adgili da koordinatebi (mTa qerana, 34 80 da sxv.); d) me-4 striqoni _ sixSire an arxi, romlis Seferxebac xorcieldeba (48 mhc. da sxv.); e) me-5 striqoni _ zemoqmedebis qveS moxvedrili aparatis tipi (ASSLAN 4620 FM da sxv.); v) me-6 striqoni _ Seferxebis xmis daxasiaTeba (gaugebari xmebi, da sxv.); z) me-7 striqoni _ Seferxebis simZlavre (susti, saSualo, Zlieri); T) me-8 striqoni _ Seferxebis dawyebisa da damTavrebis dro; i) me-9 striqoni _ Seferxebis efeqturoba (mag.: kavSiri gauaresda 60%-iT); k) me-10 striqoni _ mekavSiris saxmisi da nomeri; l) me-11 striqoni _ sxva monacemebi.

4. radiokavSiri: sabrZolo moqmedebebis mimdinareobisas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba marTvisa da kontrolis efeqturi sistemebis organizacias. adgilmdebareobisa da klimaturi pirobebis uaryofiT zemoqmedebaTa aRmosafxvrelad saWiroa efeqturi radiokavSiris gamoyeneba. kavSiris uzrunvelyofa sabrZolo moqmedebis yvela etapze da mowinave teqnologiiT damzadebuli aparaturis eqspluatacia saWiroebs Sesabamisad momzadebul pirad Semadgenlobas. a. radiosadguris Semadgeneli elementebi: 1) mimRebi; 2) gadamcemi; 3) antena; 4) kvebis wyaro. b. radiokavSiris dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi: 1) dadebiTi mxareebi: a) kavSiris swrafad gamarTva; b) kavSiris damyarebis SesaZlebloba moZraobis dros; g) or abonents Soris kavSiris damyareba ar saWiroebs raime damatebiT konstruqcias; d) uzrunvelyofs kavSirs or iseT punqts Soris, romelTac erTmaneTisagan hyofs dabrkolebebi; e) kavSiris miReba SesaZlebelia ramdenime abonentisgan erTdroulad; v) masze naklebad moqmedebs mowinaaRmdegis cecxli da qvedanayofebis gadaadgilebebi. 2) uaryofiTi mxareebi: a) gadacemebi SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegemac moisminos; b) mowinaaRmdeges advilad SeuZlia radiosadguris adgilmdebareobis dadgena da misi ganadgureba. g) kavSiris damyarebis dros SeiZleba CaerTos rogorc sakuTari, aseve mowinaaRmdegis radiogadamcemebi. d) kavSiri damokidebulia adgilmdebareobasa da klimatur pirobebze; e) mowinaaRmdegem SeiZleba gamoiyenos dezinformaciisa da dezorientaciisaTvi;. v) kavSiris damyarebisaTvis saWiroa specialuri teqnika da sagangebod momzadebuli piradi Semadgenloba; z) Znelia informaciis gaSifvra; T) Setyobinebis moculoba mcirea. g. radiosadgurebs Soris kavSiris pirobebi: 1) radiosadgurebis sixSireTa diapazoni mTlianad an nawilobriv erTi da igive unda iyos; 2) unda gaaCndeT erTnairi modulaciis tipebi; 3) radiosadgurebs Soris manZili unda Seesabamebodes gadacemis manZils; 4) erTi da igive unda iyos antenebis tipebi (vertikaluri an horizontaluri polarizaciis); 5) erTnairi unda iyos CaxSobis tipebi; 6) erTnairi kavSiris reJimis SerCeva; 7) saTadarigo saxeobisTvis Sesabamisi arxis SerCeva; 8) amplituduri modulaciis antenebis tipebis SerCeva; 9) sixSiruli modulaciis mqone antenebisaTvis diapazonis SerCeva;

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10) ar SeiZleba fedingi (miRebuli signalebis Secvla); 11) ar unda xdebodes interferencia. d. radiosadguris adgilis SerCevis wesebi: 1) r/sadguri ar unda ganTavsdes Rrma xeobaSi; 2) gadacemisaTvis unda gamoviyenoT Ria adgilebi; 3) r/sadguri unda ganTavsdes: a) foladis konstruqciebidan moSorebiT; b) aseve maRali Zabvis xazebidan moSorebiT; 4) r/s moSorebuli unda iyos: a) saavtomobilo trasebs; b) eleqtrosadgurebs. e. radiosadgurebis tipebi: 1) xelis radiosadguri PRC-4510: PRC-4510 xelis radiosadguri gamoiyeneba oceulis meTauris qselSi, rekognoscirebis, usafrTxoebis, dazvervisa da brZolis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis dros (nax. 8-1). a) kompleqtacia: I. mimReb-gadamcemi; II. kvebis wyaro; III. antena; IV. CanTa; b) teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: I. gadacemis tipi : simpleqsuri; II. modulaciis tipi : FM (sixSiris modulacia) III. sixSiris diapazoni : 47-54 mhc. IV. arxebis raodenoba : 4 V. kavSiris manZili : 2.5 km (simZl. 1vati) VI. kvebis wyaro : 12 V NI-Cad. (nikel-kadmiumis) batarea. VII. batar-is samuSao xangrZlivoba : 17 sT g) radiosadguris Semadgeneli nawilebi: I. CamrTvel-gamomrTveli: aqvs ori reJimi _ CarTva (Açık) da gamorTva (Kapalı) II. mikrotelefonis garnituris misaerTebeli bude: rodesac mikrotelefons ar viyenebT, bude daxuruli unda iyos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi aparati ar imuSavebs III. xmis maregulirebeli Rilaki: aregulirebs xmas dinamikSi an yursacmSi; IV. arxis SesarCevi gadamrTveli: aqvs oTxi reJimi; V. CaxSobis regulirebis Rilaki; VI. miReba-gadacemis CamrTveli (tanketi).

88

nax. 8-1 xelis radiosadguri PRC-4510

d) aparatis eqspluatacia: CamrTveli Rilaki unda daayenoT CarTvis poziciaze. xmis maregulirebeli RilakiT warmoebs xmis gafiltvra. esaa miRebis reJimi. mis gverdiT arsebul tanketze xelis daWeriT warmoebs gadacema. aparati gamoirTveba CamrTvelis gadayvaniT gamorTvis poziciaze. 2) ,,SK 4014 UHF/FM” xelis radiosadguri: ,,aselsani 4014 VHF-FM” xelis radiogadamcemebi warmoadgens 146-174 mhc. sixSiris diapazonis mqone radiosadgurs, romelic awarmoebs simpleqsur da (an) naxevrad dupleqsur miReba-gadacemas da aRWurvilia Semowmebis mikrokompiuteruli sistemiT. a) teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: I. sixSiris diapazoni: 146-174 mhc. II. modulaciis tipi: FM; III. sixSiris biji: 25 khc; IV. muSaobis forma: simpleqsuri da (an) naxevraddupleqsuri; V. samuSao Zabva: 7.2.V. DC VI. wona: batareis blokTan erTad 565 gr (batareis blokis gareSe 310 gr); VII. RF (radiosixSiris) gamomavali simZlavre: 1 an 4 vati. b) kompleqtacia: I) mimReb-gadamcemi; II) VHF antena; III) batareis bloki (1200 ma/sT / 1700 ma/sT) IV) damteni xelsawyo V) damtenis adapteri (18 vt) VI) specialuri sayurisi kompleqti g) antenis damagreba: budeSi dasamagreblad antenas vatrialebT saaTis isris mimarTulebiT, Amosaxsnelad _ sapirispiro mimarTulebiT. d) batareebis damagreba da moxsna: batareis radiogadamcemze dasamagreblad batareas frTxilad SevacurebT r/s zedapiris xazze, ris Sedegadac batareisa da r/s kontaqtebi erTmaneTze dafiqsirdeba (swori Camocmisas aucileblad gavigebT dafiqsirebis xmas). batareis mosaxsnelad unda vimoqmedoT sapirispiro mimarTulebiT. e) Rilakebi da kontroli: I) zeda panelze ganTavsebuli sakontrolo nawilebi (nax. 8-2): zeda panelze ganTavsebulia 2 cali naTura, 2 mbrunavi gadamrTveli, 1 Rilaki da 3 bude. - wiTeli naTura: ganuwyvetliv anTia gadacemisas.E - yviTeli naTura: ganuwyvetliv anTia miRebisas.

89

antena

CamrTvel-gamomrTveli

xmis regulireba

xmis regulireba

arxis SesarCevi gadamrTveli

miReba-gadacemis CamrTveli (tanketi)

PİL BLOKUbatareis bloki

(nikel-kadmiumis batarea)

- arxis gadamrTveli (Rilakebis kompleqtis mqone r/s): r/sadgurs gaaCnia 16 fiqsirebuli sixSire. r/sadgurebSi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT Rilakebis kompleqti, arxebis maqsimaluri raodenobaa 15. arxebis gadamrTvelis me-16 mdebareoba warmoadgens arxis skanirebis reJims. radiosadgurebSi, romelTac gaaCniaT Rilakebis kompleqti, arxis gadamrTvelis me-16 mdebareoba es aris Rilakebis kompleqtis CarTvis reJimi (am dros displeize inTeba ,,- -“ simbolo). arxebi 01-dan 99-mde SeirCeva Rilakebis kompleqtis meSveobiT. - CamrTveli / xmis maregulirebeli: radiosadguri CairTveba saaTis mimarTulebiT CamrTvelis datrialebiT, Semdgom poziciebSi ki warmoebs xmis regulireba. - saswrafo gamoZaxebis Rilaki: saswrafo gamoZaxeba xorcieldeba winaswar dadgenil arxze. Rilakze TiTis xangrZlivi daWeriT igzavneba signali, yovel wuTSi 10 wm-is xangrZlivobiT xolo momdevno 50 wm aris lodinis periodi. es procesi grZeldeba 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an radiosadgurebis kontrolis centris mer gamoZaxebis miRebamde. gamoZaxebis miRebis Semdeg gamgzavn radiosadgurs centri ugzavnis Setyobinebas _ ,,saswrafo gamoZaxeba miRebulia”. saswrafo gamoZaxebisas qselis sxva radiosadgurebis displeize Cndeba gamomZaxebeli radiosadguris vinaoba (saxmisi).

Nnax. 8-2 zeda paneli

II) gverdiTi paneli: - simZlavrisa da daSifruli kavSiris SerCevis Rilaki: Rilakze TiTis xanmokle daWeriT daSifvris maCvenebel naTuraze gamoCndeba ,,gasaRebis“ gamosaxuleba (nax. 8-3).

Rilakze xangrZlivi daWeriT imave naTuraze gamoCndeba simZlavris done (maRali an dabali) HI simbolos saxiT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia yvela arxis daprogrameba sxvadasxva simZlavreze. Tu radiosadguri daprogramebulia sam jgufad, daSifruli kavSiris Rilakze yoveli xanmokle daWeriT naTuraze gamoCndeba simboloebi _ GRUP 1, GRUP 2, GRUP 3, Analog açık (analogi CarTulia).

90

antenis misaerTebeli bude

opsionis misaerTebeli bude

wiTeli naTura

yviTeli naTura

saswrafo gamoZaxebis

Rilaki

arxis CamrTveli

CasarTav-gamosarTveli,

xmisCamrTveli

maRal-dabali simZlavre/gasaidumloebuli kavSiri

batareisbloki

monitoris/ xelmeore CatvirTvis (Reset) Rilaki

tanketi

nax. 8-3 gverdiTi paneli

- monitoris/xelmeore CatvirTvis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba saxmisebis/tonis variantebis gamSifravi programis gaaqtiurebis an gamorTvisaTvis. Rilakze xanmokle daWerisas gamSifravi programa gaaqtiurdeba da yviTeli naTura iwyebs cimcims. Rilakze xelmeored daWerisas gamSifravi programa gamoirTveba. - tanketi. tanketze xelis daWerisas CairTveba gadacemis reJimi, romelic warmoebs winaswar SerCeuli daSifruli kodiT. xelis aSvebisas radiosadguri gadadis miRebis reJimze. III) wina paneli: uRilako radiogadamcemebs wina paneli ar aqvT.KRilakian radiogadamcemebze Rilakebis kompleqti gamoiyeneba moqmedebaTa SesarCevad. nebismier Rilakze daWerisas Rilakebi da displei 5 wm-iT ganaTdeba (nax. 8-4 da 8-5).

nax. 8-4 wina panelis Rilakebi

nax. 8-5 wina paneli

- menius Rilaki: menius Rilaki gamoiyeneba programaSi SesvlisaTvis. Rilaki ,,meniu” gamoiyeneba, agreTve programis erTi brZanebidan momdevnoze gadasvlisaTvis. Rilaki SEÇ (SerCeva) gamoiyeneba displeize gamosuli monacemis SesarCevad. meniu Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: (CamonaTvali), Altmenü (qvemeniu) da SKmeniu. maTi displeize gamoyvana xdeba MENÜ Rilakis meSveobiT, xolo TiToeul maTganSi Sesvla _ SEÇ (SerCeva) Rilakis meSveobiT.

Liste _ CamonaTvali: _ SesaZlebelia 99 arxis CamonaTvalis Sedgena; _ adre Sedgenil CamonaTvals SeiZleba daematos axali arxebi. _ SesaZlebelia daprogramdes ordoniani prioritetuli arxi (Tu ar aris CarTuli daSifvris reJimi); _ Rilakze daWeriT SeiZleba CamonaTvalis gaxsna an daxurva. _ am procesSi, Tu ,,*” niSani ,,_” niSniT Seicvleba es niSnavs, rom arxi CamonaTvalidan amoiSala. _ prioritetuli arxis skanireba daSifruli kavSiris reJimSi SeuZlebelia.

qvemeniu:

91

antena

mikrofoni/ dinamiki

naTura displei

Rilakebi

_ manaTobeli signalis an ganaTebis gauqmeba an gaaqtiureba (IŞIK)şş; _ xmovani signalis gauqmeba an gaaqtiureba (UYARI); _ arxis jgufuri skanirebis gaaqtiureba (G-TARAMA); _ displeis swori an Sebrunebuli Cveneba (GÖSTERGE); _ radiosadguris CarTvisas momxmareblis amosacnobi parolis uzrunvelyofa xdeba xuTniSna ricxvis SeyvaniT (paroli).

SK meniu gamoiyeneba im operaciebisaTvis, romlebic saWiroeben kodis gamoyenebas. meniudan SerCeuli yvela ofcia iwereba mexsierebaSi. radiosadguris gamorTvisa da xelaxali CarTvis Semdeg muSaoba iwyeba bolos Caweril reJimSi - Rilaki SEÇ _ ,,airCie”: es Rilaki gamoiyeneba meniudan sasurveli operaciis SesarCevad; - arxis skanirebis Rilaki: aRniSnuli Rilaki gamoiyeneba arxis Zebnis procesSi. imisaTvis, rom avirCioT sasurveli arxi, MENÜ Rilakis meSveobiT SediT CamonaTvalSi (Liste). arsebobs sixSireebis standartuli CamonaTvali, romelic SeiZleba Seicvalos meniudan. arxis Zebnisas maCvenebelze Cndeba warwera “TARAMA” (skanireba). am dros, tankeze daWeriT xdeba gadasvla im sixSireze, romelic SeirCa skanirebis dawyebamde. - Rilakebis kompleqtis Camketi: am Rilakze daWeriT iketeba Rilakebis kompleqti. xangrZlivi daWeriT Rilakebi isev gaaqtiurdeba. Camketi Rilaki gamoiyeneba Rilakebze uneblie daWeris Sedegad warmoqmnili Seferxebebis Tavidan asacileblad. v) ZiriTadi cnebebi da terminebi: I) akrZalvaTa CamonaTvali: radiosadgurebis moparvis an dakargvis SemTxvevaSi xdeba maTi Setana akrZalvaTa CamonaTvalSi, rac SeuZlebels gaxdis maT gamoyenebas. Aucxo pirebis xelSi moxvedrili radiosadguris gauqmeba xdeba radiokavSiris makontrolebeli centris (rmc) mier. radiosadguris aRdgena anu misi kvlavamuSaveba SesaZlebelia kompiuteridan misi xelaxali daprogramebiT. II) saswrafo gamoZaxeba: saswrafo gamoZaxeba xdeba situaciis Sefasebis safuZvelze. operatori radiogadamcemze xels aWers Acıl Çağrı (saswrafo gamoZaxeba) Rilaks. saswrafo gamoZaxeba meordeba erTi wuTis intervaliT, xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi an radiosadguris mier m/S-is miRebamde. gamoZaxebis signalis xangrZlivoba 10 wm-ia. saswrafo gamoZaxebis miRebisas, m/S-s gamgzavni radiosadguris moTxovnidan gamomdinare, makontrolebeli centris operatori gzavnis Setyobinebas _ ,,Tqveni saswrafo gamoZaxeba miRebulia”. Aam Setyobinebis mimRebi, saswrafo gamoZaxebis gamgzavni r/s, wyvets saswrafo gamoZaxebis signalis gagzavnas da iwyebs im qselis mosmenas, romelSic gagzavna saswrafo gamoZaxeba. am dros radiosadgurze ar SeiZleba Candes aranairi xmovani an manaTobeli Setyobineba. gansazRvruli drois Semdeg saswrafo gamoZaxebis procesi dasruldeba. saswrafo gamoZaxebisas sistemaSi myofi yvela r/s-is displeize Cndeba saswrafo gamoZaxebis Semsrulebeli radiosadguris vinaoba (saxmisi). 3) ,,ASELSAN PRC-4620” gadasatani radiosadguri: PRC-4620 gadasatani r/s warmoadgens saSualo simZlavris mimReb-gadamcem tranzistorul FM radiosadgurs, romelic axorcielebs simpleqsur radiosatelefono kavSirsa da monacemTa Setyobinebas rogorc uZrav, aseve moZraobis mdgomareobaSi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia Seasrulos sareleo sadguris funqcia da xmis usafrTxoebis mowyobilobasTan erTad uzrunvelyofs saidumlo kavSirs (nax. 8-6).

92

samxre qamari

qveda qamari

welis qamari

nax. 8-6 PRC-4620 gadasatani radiosadguri

a) kompleqtacia: I) RT-4600 mimReb-gadamcemi; II) BX-4600 batareis yuTi; III) BB-4600 Ni-Cd batareis bloki an BH-4600 elementi; IV) BG-4600 zurgCanTa da sakuTnos CanTa; V) H-189/GT mikrotelefoni; VI) AB -591 antenis bude da AT-271 saxsrovani antena (7-nawiliani); VII) AT -892 lentiseburi antena (90 sm); VIII) BC-4600/4601/4602 batareis damteni xelsawyo. b) teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: I) modulaciis tipi : FM; II) sixSiris diapazoni : 30-76 mhc; III) kavSiris saxe : radiotelefoni IV) arxebis raodenoba : 920 (50 hc. intervaliT) an 1840 (25 hc. intervaliT); V) kavSiris manZili : 8-10 km; VI) samuSao Zabva : 15 VDC (NI-CD batareis bloki); VII) batareis samuSao xangrZ. : 24 sT (damuxtvis dro 20 sT); VIII) wona : 7,5 kg (batareiT). g) RT-4600 radiosadguris gamoyeneba, poziciebi da funqciebi:

nax. 8-7 RT 4620 radiosadguri

F

forma N #

marTva(brZanebebi)

pozicia funqciebi

1.antenis

misamagrebeli bude

gadasatani radiotelefonis saxiT gamoyenebisas uerTdeba portatuli antenebi

2.sixSiris

maregulirebeli

4 calia; gamoiyeneba nabrZanebi sixSiris dasakavSireblad. marcxena ori cali mghc-Sia, marjvena ori _ khc-Si.

3. sixSiris maCveneblebi

2 calia; marcxena – mghc-Sia, marjvena _ kghc-Si.

4.miRebis

maCvenebeli naTura

anTia roca xelsawyo awarmoebs miRebas;es naTura gadasatan radiogadamcemze ar muSaobs

93

1 4 5

8 7 6

3

2

30 300

5.xmis sixSiris

dasamagrebeli bude

mikrotelefoni iseve awarmoebs iseT kavSirebs, rogorc gadacemis kabeli an dabrkolebebis CamxSobi aparati

6.

radiosadguris CamrTveli

aparati gamorTulia.

aparati CarTulia; Seferxeba (xmauri) aris.

aparati CarTulia, Seferxeba (xmauri) ar aris.

aparati CarTulia, muSaobs tonis CamxSobi qseli,

monacemTa reJimi. SesaZlebelia kavSiris warmoeba xmis usafrTxoebis xelsawyos gamoyenebiT

aparati gamorTulia, sixSiris maCveneblis naTura CarTulia.

7.xmis

maregulirebelimarjvniv gadatrialebiT _ xma imatebs, marcxniv _ iklebs.

8.antenis bude

gamoiyeneba mxolod gadasatan r/s-Si. masSi magrdeba RF-4620 transportis antena, mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli antena, stacionaruli radiosistemis farTo diapazonis antena.

d) xelsawyos CarTva: I. magrdeba antena da mikrotelefoni, batareis yuTSi moTavsdeba BB-4600 galvanuri elementis bloki; II. SeirCeva saWiro sixSire; III. xelsawyos CamrTveli gadadis CarTvis poziciaSi; IV. CairTveba xmis maregulirebeli; V. laparakis dros xels vaWerT mikrotelefonis tanketze, xelis aSvebisas xdeba _ mosmena; VI. aparatis gamosarTvelad CamrTveli gadadis ,,O” poziciaSi. e) xelsawyos eqspluatacia I. rodesac xelsawyos pirvelad CarTavT da sasurveli sixSires aregulirebT, mikrotelefonidan cota xans generatoris xma ismis. am dros muSaobs Sida sistemisa da antenis SemaTanxmebeli mowyobiloba. am periodSi dauSvebelia muSaoba gadacemis reJimSi. II. radiosadguris CamrTveli unda iyos ,,W“ an tonis CaxSobis ,, “ poziciaSi. Tu radiosadguris operatorebma Tavidan ar ician, romel sistemaSi mouwevT muSaoba, muSaoba unda daiwyon xmauris CaxSobis sistemaSi. III. rodesac radiosadguris CamrTvelis pozicia aCvenebs, rom xelsawyo gamorTulia, xolo sixSiris maCveneblis naTura CarTulia, anu gadamrTveli ,, “ poziciaSia, am dros gadacemis warmoeba ar SeiZleba. IV. sabrZolo teqnikis radiosadgurebSi miRebis maCvenebeli naTura anaTebs miRebis reJimSi muSaobisas. es naTura gadasatan radiosadgurebSi ar inTeba.

5. muxluxa transportis ,,ASELSAN VRC 4600” radiosadgurebi: aselsanis mier warmoebuli VRC 4600 seriis radiogadamcemebi Zalze msubuqi, gamZle, tranzistoruli radiogadamcemebia. isini gamoiyeneba saxmeleTo Zalebis TiTqmis yvela doneze. a. VRC 4600 seriis radiogadamcemebi muxluxa transportisaTvis: 1) VRC-4621 (2.5 vati); 2) VRC-4624 (30+2.5 vati). b. radiogadamcemebis teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: 1) VRC-4621 (2.5 vati): es aris mcire simZlavris (2.5 vati) radiogsadguri, romelic gamoiyeneba javSansatanko saSualebebze dasamontaJeblad. aRniSnuli radiosadguriT

94

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes simpleqsuri kavSiri, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba rogorc sareleo sadguri. 2) VRC-4624 (30+2.5 vati): es aris mcire simZlavris (30+2.5 vati) radiosadguri, romelic gamoiyeneba javSnian satransporto saSualebebze dasamontaJeblad. am radiosadguriT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ori arxis simpleqsuri radiosatelefono kavSiri, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba rogorc sareleo sadguri. g. Semadgeneli kvanZebi

Semadgeneli kvanZebi VRC-4621(2.5 vati)

VRC-4624(30+2.5

vati)RT-4600 mimReb-gadamcemi

1 2

xelsawyoebi AM-4600 RF gamaZlierebeli _ 1IC-4620 Sida kavSiris aparati 1 1JB-4600 damakavSiriebeli yuTi

1 1

PP-4621 kvebis wyaro 1 1antenebi RF-4620 antenis kompleqti 1 2

samontaJe adgili

MT-4620 samontaJo adgili 1 1

d. Semadgeneli kvanZebis ganmartebebi: 1) RT-4600 mimReb-gadamcemi _ warmoadgens tranzistorul xelsawyos, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc simpleqsuri radiotelefoni da sareleo radiosadguri (nax. 8-8). a) RT-4600 r/s teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: I. modulaciis tipi : FM; II. kavSiris forma : radiotelefoni; III. sixSiris diapazoni : 30 MHZ-76 MHZ; IV. arxebis raodenoba : 920 an 1840; V. arxebs Soris intervali : 50 hc an 25 hc; VI. kavSiris manZili : 8 – 50 km (2.5 + 30 vati); VII. samuSao Zabva : 24 VDC.

b) RT-4600 r/s marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi:

nax. 8-8 RT-4600 radiosadguri

F #MmarTva

(brZanebebi)pozicia funqciebi

1.Aantenis

misamagrebeli bude

gadasatan radiotelefonad gamoyenebisas ukeTdeba portatuli antenebi

2.sixSiris

maregulirebeli

4 calia; gamoiyeneba nabrZanebi sixSiris dasakaveblad. marcxena ori cali mkhc-Sia, marjvena ori - khc-Si.

95

1 4 5

8 7 2 6

3

3.sixSiris

maCveneblebi2 calia; marcxena – mhc-Sia, marjvena - khc-Si.

4.

miRebis reJimis

maCvenebeli naTura

anTia miRebis reJimSi muSaobisas; naTura gadasatan radiogadamcemze ar muSaobs.

5.xmis sixSiris

budemikrotelefonisa da kavSiris usafrTxoebis aparatis SeerTebis adgili

6.

muSaobis reJimis

gadamrTveli

aparati gamorTulia.

aparati CarTulia, xmauri aris.

aparati CarTulia, xmauri ar aris.

aparati CarTulia, muSaobs tonis

CamxSobi qseli.

ZiriTadi monacemebis reJimi; SesaZlebelia kavSiris usafrTxoebis aparatis CarTva.

aparati gamorTulia, sixSiris maCveneblis naTura anTia.

7.xmis

maregulirebelimarjvniv gadatrialebiT _ xma

imatebs, marcxniv _ iklebs.

8. antenis bude

gamoiyeneba mxolod gadasatan radiogadamcemSi. masze magrdeba RF–4620 satransporto saSualebis antena, mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli antena, stacionaruli radiosistemis farTo diapazonis antena.

2) AM-4600 RF gamaZlierebeli a) AM-4600 RF gamaZlierebeli warmoadgens RF sixSirul gamaZlierebels, romelsac SeuZlia RT 4600 mimReb-gadamcemis normaluri (2,5 vt.) gamomavali sixSiris gazrda 10 an 30 vatamde. is warmoadgens calke bloks da damontaJebulia RT 4600-is ukan (nax. 8-9). b) funqciebi: I. aZlierebs gadamcemis gamomaval simZlavres AF-4620 an IC-4620-dan momavali brZanebis Sesabamisad; II. uzrunvelyofs SeerTebas filtris aparatTan; III. uzrunvelyofs denis miwodebas; IV. uzrunvelyofs antenasTan dakavSireba.

nax. 8-9 AM-4600 RF gamaZlierebeli g) marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi

F forma # marTva pozicia funqciebi

96

12

43

30 300

1. kvebis wyaros SemaerTebeli bude

aq erTdeba kvebis wyarodan momavali kabeli.

2.antenis sakontro-lo kabelis dasa-magrebeli bude

aq erTdeba satransporto saSualebebis antenidan momavali CX-4620 (2,3,4,5,9) kabeli.

3.antenis sixSiru-li kabelis misa-magrebeli bude

aq uerTdeba transportis antenidan momavali RF kabeli

4.filtris aparatis dasamagrebeli bude

aq magrdeba filtri.

3) PP-4621 kvebis wyaro: a) aregulirebs 24 vatiani akumulatoridan miRebul Zabvas da kvebavs am Zabvaze momuSave sistemebs. SeuZlia kvebos ori RT-4600 mimReb-gadamcemi: erTi 2,5-vatiani, meore _ 30-vatiani (nax. 8-10).

nax. 8-10 PP-4621 kvebis wyaro b) funqciebi: I. uzrunvelyofs denis miwodebas. II. aparatis asarCevi gadamrTvelis meSveobiT SearCevs aparats III. uzrunvelyofs savele satelefono kavSirs.

g) PP-4621 kvebis wyaros marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi

F # marTva pozicia funqciebi

1. xazis damakavSirebeli momWerebi

aq magrdeba savele telefonidan momavali kabeli

2.denis wyaros SesaerTebeli bude

uzrunvelyofs denis miwodebas zeda mimRem-gadamcemisTvis

3.denis wyaros SesaerTebeli bude

uzrunvelyofs denis miwodebas qveda mimReb-gadamcemisTvis

4.aparatis asarCevi gadamrTvelebi

qveda gadamrTveli gamoiyeneba qveda mimReb-gadamcemis, xolo zeda gadamrTveli zeda mimReb-gadamcemis dasanomrad. erTian mimReb-gadamcems eZleva nomeri 1, qvedas _ 1, zedas _ 2, marcxenas – 1, marjvenas – 2.

4) JB-4600 gamanawilebeli kolofi: a) magrdeba 2,5 vati gamomavali simZlavris satransporto RT-4600 radiosadguris ukan da uzrunvelyofs kavSirs radiogadamcemebis Semadgenel nawilebs Soris. b) funqciebi: I. antenis kavSiris uzrunvelyofa. II. kvebis miwodebis uzrunvelyofa g) marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi:

97

4

21

3

1

3

2

nax. 8-11 JB-4600 gamanawilebeli kolofi

# marTva pozicia funqciebi

1. kvebis SemaerTebeli bude

denis miwodebiT uzrunvelyofs zeda mimReb-gadamcems.

2.antenis sakontrolo kabelis misamagr. bude

antenis sakontrolo kabelis mimagreba.

3.antenis sixSiris kabelis misamagrebeli bude

antenis sixSiris kabelis mimagreba.

5) IC-4620 Sida kavSirisa da kontrolis mowyobiloba: a) es mowyobiloba (masTan dakavSirebul gamanawilebel blokTan erTad) uzrunvelyofs transportis SigniT arsebuli ramdenime radiosadguris kodirebas, samuSao reJimis SerCevas, Sida saubrebs, transportSi myofi personalis gare saubrebsa da am procesebis kontrols. b) Semadgeneli erTeulebi: I. IC-4620 Sida kavSiris mowyobiloba; II. H-4610 Tavsaxuris kompleqti; III. marTvis bloki (C-4621).

nax. 8-12 IC-4620 Sida kavSiris da sakontrolo aparati

g) Sida kavSirisa da kontrolis mowyobilobis funqciebi: I. uzrunvelyofs Sida da gare satelefono saubars; II. akontrolebs Sida saubris xmas; III. akontrolebs simZlavres; IV. awarmoebs SerCevas RT-4600-sTvis; V. uzrunvelyofs ormxriv saubars da ganmeorebiT mauwyeblobas; VI. akontrolebs akumulatoridan momaval dens; VII. uzrunvelyofs kavSirs savele telefonTan; VIII. radiosadguris gadacemebis kodirebis sistemis meSveobiT uzrunvelyofs gadacemis SezRudvas an kontrols.

98

norm.IC-4620

raciis dumili

d) Setyobinebis mowyobiloba: I. H-4610 Slemofoni: - sayurisi; - mikrofoni; - samkerde yuTi; - dasakavSirebeli kabeli. II. LS 4621 dinamiki; III. H 207 mikrotelefoni; IV. H 189 mikrotelefoni.

e) IC-4620 Sida kavSiris mowyobilobis marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi:

# marTva pozicia funqciebi

1.Sida saubris xmis sakontrolo gadamrTveli

- Sida saubris signalebi mimRebis signalebTan SedarebiT ufro sustia.- Sida saubrisa da mimRebis signalebis simZlavre erTnairia.

2.simZlavris asarCevi gadamrTveli

0-gadamcemis gamomavali simZlavrea 2.5 vati.0-gadamcemis gamomavali simZlavrea 10 vati.0-gadamcemis gamomavali simZlavrea 30 vati.

3.

qselis SesarCevi gadamrTveli

IC

1+2+3

1

2

3

- warmoebs mxolod Sida saubari, satelefono saubari (Tu CarTulia) da savele satelefono kavSiri (Tu aris).- warmoebs Sida saubari, 1-li aparatidan warmoebs miReba-gadacema, xolo Tu sistemaSi aris me-2 da me-3 aparatebic _ miReba.- Sida saubris warmoeba, miReba-gadacema mxolod 1 nomriani aparatidan.- Sida saubari, miReba-gadacema mxolod 2 nomriani aparatidan.- Sida saubari, miReba-gadacema mxolod 3 nomriani aparatidan.

4.denis CamrTveli aparati CarTulia.

aparati gamorTulia.

5.

samuSao reJimis CamrTveli

norm.dupl.1,21-21-32-3

- normaluri kavSiris reJimi.- dupleqsuri kavSiris reJimi.- 1-li me-2 aparatebidan warmoebs ganmeorebiTi mauwyebloba - 1-li da me-3 aparatebidan warmoebs ganmeorebiTi mauwyebloba - me-2 da me- aparatebidan warmoebs ganmeorebiTi mauwyebloba.

6.

radiosadguris gadacemaTa sakontrolo CamrTveli

norm.IC-4620

radiosadguris CaxSoba

- radiogadamcemebi imarTeba marTvis blokisa da IC-4620-is gavliT;- marTvis blokidan warmoebs mxolod mosmena, IC-4620-Tan dakavSirebul operators SeuZlia gadacem.- marTvis blokisa da IC-4620-is gavliT gadacema SeuZlebelia.

7.denis sakontaqto bude

aq erTdeba akumulatoridan mosuli denis kabeli.

8.Sida kavSiris kabelis misaerTebeli

2 calia. gamoyeneba Sida kavSiris mowyobilobasTan marTvis blokebis dasakavSireblad.

9.xmis sixSiris kabelis misaerTebeli

gamoiyeneba IC-4620-dan (zemodan) miReba-gadacemis sawarmoeblad

10.xmis makontrolebeli gadamrTvelebi

2 calia. marTavs masTanaxlos ganTavsebul xmis sixSiris kabelis SesaerTebel budes

11.denis sakontrolo naTura

inTeba xelsawyoze arsebuli denis CamrTvelis CarTvisas.

v) C-4621 marTvis bloki:

99

IC

I. daxasiaTeba es aris sakontrolo bloki, romelic gamoiyeneba kavSiris dasamyareblad erTze met operatorTan, transportis SigniT da gareT (nax. 8-13). II. C-4621 marTvis blokis marTva, poziciebi da funqciebi:

nax. 8-13 C-4621 marTvis bloki# marTva pozicia funqciebi

1.

qselis SesarCevigadamrTveli

IC1+2+3

1

23

- axorcielebs Sida da gare satelefono (Tu CarTulia) kavSirs.- axorcielebs Sida saubars; 1-li aparatidan warmoebs miReba-gadacema, Tu sistemaSi CarTulia me-2 da me-3 aparatebi _ miReba.- axorcielebs Sida saubars, miReba-gadacema mxolod 1-li aparatidan.- Sida saubari, miReba-gadacema mxolod me-2 aparatidan.- Sida saubari, miReba-gadacema mxolod me-3 aparatidan.

2.

xmis maregulirebeli

2 calia. akontrolebs masTan axlos ganlagebuli xmis sixSiris SesaerTebel budesTan dakavSirebuli operatoris xmas. marjvniv Semobrunebisas xmis simaRle izrdeba

3.xmis sixSiris budeebi

2 calia. saSualebas iZleva ori mosaubre piri erTdroulad daukavSirdes marTvis bloks.

4.

Sida kavSiris kabelis SesaerTebeli bude

2 calia. gamoiyeneba Sida kavSiris sistemaSi arsebuli marTvis blokebis erTmaneTTan dasakavSireblad.

6) RF 4620 antenis kompleqti _ es aris vertikaluri polarobis mqone, 50 om. winaRobis antenis kompleqti, romelic awarmoebs talRebis wriul gavrcelebas da ikvebeba saerTo qselidan. antenis kompleqtSi Sesuli wylis dacla SesaZlebelia karkasTan misamagrebeli xraxnis moxsniT. 7) MT 4620 samontaJo karkasi: es aris liTonis karkasi, romelic uzrunvelyofs 4600 seriis radiogadamcemebis damontaJebas transportze. aRWurvilia oTxi amortizatoriT da adgilze magrdeba WanWikebiT. masze aparaturis damontaJeba SesaZlebelia specialuri xelsawyoebis gamouyeneblad. e. ,,satransporto” radiogadamcemebis muSaobis principebi: 1) radiosadguris samuSaod momzadeba: a) mowmdeba yvela kontaqti da bude. yvela defeqti unda aRmoifxvras. b) IC-4620 Sida kavSirisa da kontrolis aparatze vamowmebT: I. kvebis wyaros CamrTveli gamorTul mdgomareobaSia; II. Sida kavSiris sakontrolo gadamrTveli maRal (qveda) mdgomareobaSia; III. gadamcemis simZlavris CamrTveli sasurvel mdgomareobaSia (manZilis Sesabamisad yovelTvis unda SeirCes dabali simZlavre. kavSiris garTulebis SemTxvevaSi simZlavre unda gaizardos); IV. qselis SesarCevi gadamrTveli ,,1” mdgomareobaSia; V. muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,NORM” mdgomareobaSia; VI. gadacemis sakontrolo CamrTveli ,,NORM” mdgomareobaSia;

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1

VII. xmis makontroleblebi ukiduresad marcxena (minimalur) mdgomareobaSia. g) RT-4600 mimReb-gadamcemze vamowmebT: I. muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli gamorTul ,,O” mdgomareobaSia; II. xmis maregulirebeli saSualo mdgomareobaSia; d) C 4621 gamanawilebel kolofze vamowmebT: I. qselis SesarCevi gadamrTveli ,,1” mdgomareobaSia. II. xmis maregulirebeli ukidures marcxena (minimalur) mdgomareobaSia. e) PP-4621 kvebis wyaros ukan ganTavsebuli mimReb/gadamcemis SesarCevi gadamrTveli (mxolod VRC 4624 radiogadamcemebSi): I. qveda WanWiki ,,1” mdgomareobaSia; II. zeda WanWiki ,,2” mdgomareobaSia. 2) aparatebis CarTva: a) IC-4620 wyaros CamrTveli CarTul mdgomareobaSia. CamrTvelis qvemoT mdebare wiTeli naTura anTebulia;

b) RT-4600 CamrTvelebi unda dadges samuSao ,, ” poziciaSi. H-189 mikrotelefonebidan momavali xmauri regulirdeba xmis maregulirebeli gadamrTveliT. g) IC-4620-is xmis maregulirebeli saxeluri saSualo poziciaSia mosayvani. Tu xmauri Slemofonidanac ismis, misi xma marTvis blokidan daregulirdeba. d) Tu gamoiyeneba dinamiki, igi maqsimalur poziciaze unda davayenoT. e) IC-4620, IC-4621 gamanawilebeli kolofi fazis SesarCev “1+2+3” poziciaSi. Slemofonidan ismis RT 4600 gasvlebi. v) RT 4600 muSobis reJimis gadamrTveli xmauris CaxSobis ,,W“ poziciaSia dasayenebeli. 3) aparatebis eqspluataciis principebi: a) rodesac aparati pirvelad CairTveba da moxdeba sasurveli sixSiris daregulireba, mcire xnis ganmavlobaSi mikrotelefonebidan generatoris xma ismis. am dros mimdinareobs Sida sistemisa da antenis urTierTSeTanxmeba, amitom dauSvebelia gadacemis warmoeba; b) saeqspluatacio saxeobis CamrTveli ,,W“ an tonis CasaxSob ,, “ poziciaSi unda iyos. rodesac radiomekavSireebma Tavidan ar ician, romel sistemaSi imuSaveben, maSin irCeven xmauris CaxSobis reJims da iwyeben muSaobas; g) rodesac radiosadguris muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli aCvenebs, rom xelsawyo gamorTulia, xolo sixSiris maCveneblis naTura ,, “ poziciaSia, radiosadguri gadacemas ver awarmoebs; d) miRebis maCvenebeli naTura (satransporto radiogadamcemebSi) anTia maSin, rodesac xdeba Setyobinebis miReba. es naTura gadasatan radiogadamcemebSi ar muSaobs. e) unda Semowmdes, aris Tu ara Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi xelsawyos yvela nawili da marTvis mowyobilobebi; v) saWiroa aparatebis dacva maRali da dabali temperaturisagan; z) aucilebelia aparatebis dacva 100%-iani tenianobisgan; T) dauSvebelia aparatebis damtverianeba; i) dazianebis Sesaxeb maSinve acnobeT teqnikur personals; k) yuradReba! momxmarebels ara aqvs ufleba aparati daSalos da Secvalos nawilebi; l) ar daatrialoT CamrTvelebi maTTvis gankuTvnili poziciebis gareT _ daimtvreva!

6. ,,ASELSAN 9600” seriis radiosadguri: es aris radiosadguri, romelsac aqvs Sida daSifvrisa da sixSireebis cvlis unari, agreTve gaaCnia sixSiris modulacia. gadasatani radiosadguris simZlavre 5 vatia. satransporto da tankebis radiogadamcemebis SesaZlo gamomavali simZlavreebia 5vt, 5+50vt, 50vt, 50+50vt. am radiosadguris Semadgeneli erTeulebia: mimReb-gadamcemi (RT-9600), RF gamaZlierebeli (PA-9601), sistemis damakavSirebeli bloki (JB-9601). 9600 seriis radiosadguris erTeulebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva struqturuli konfiguraciiT: gadasatani, satransporto da javSanteqnikis radiosadguri. isini klasificirdeba eTerSi gamavali simZlavris Sesabamisad da iRebs Sesabamisi tipis nomers. Cveulebriv satransporto radiogadamcemebs ar aqvs Sida sasaubro sistema, xolo tankis (muxluxa transportis) radiogadamcemebi Sida sasaubro sistemis mqone radiogadamcemebia. a. saerTo masaxiaTeblebi: 1) muSaobs maRali sixSiris diapazonSi;

101

2) SeuZlia uwyveti kavSiris warmoeba mowinaaRmdegis eleqtronuli brZolis pirobebSi; 3) uzrunvelyofs saimedo, usafrTxo, moqnil da swraf kavSirs; 4) flobs ganviTarebul sakomunikacio teqnologias; 5) am radiogadamcemze Sifris akrefa da sixSireebze gadasvla erovnuli damwerlobiT xdeba; 6) es aris savele taqtikuri radiosadguri, romelsac SeuZlia samarTavi kontrolisaTvis aucilebeli pirdapiri kavSiris uzrunvelyofa. b. teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: 1) xmovani Setyobineba da telegrafi; 2) sixSiris safexurebrivi cvlileba; 3) daSifvra; 4) kompiuteriT daprogrameba; 5) arxis skanireba; 6) sxva radiogadacemebis Sewyvetis SesaZlebloba meTauris Carevisas; 7) xelsawyos Sida testireba; 8) distanciurad marTva; 9) gadacema da gameoreba; 10) radiosadguris srulyofa sadeniT; 11) myisieri gadacema; 12) saswrafo waSla. xelsawyo yvelaze rTul saomar da garemo pirobebSic ki mowinave eleqtronuli teqnologiebis wyalobiT uzrunvelyofs kavSiris maRalsaimedoobas; mas eleqtronuli omisagan dacvis wyalobiT uwyveti kavSiris warmoebis unari aqvs. g. ,,axali Taobis” ASELSAN 9600 seriis radiosadgurebi: 1) PRC-9610 gadasatani radiosadguri; 2) VRC-9621 5 vt. simZlavris javSniani transportis radiosadguri Sida saubrebisaTvis; 3) VRC-9624 5+50 vt. simZlavris javSniani transportis radiosadguri, Sida saubrebisaTvis. d. aselsani 9600 seriis radiogadamcemebis teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: 1) sixSiris diapazoni : 30-108 mhc (88-108 mhc momxmareblis kontroliT); 2) arxebis biji : 25 khc (50 khc Sesabamisi); 3) arxebis raodenoba : 3120(30-108 mkhc)-2320(30-88 mkhc); 4) modulacia : FM ; 5) winaswar fiqsirebuli arxebi : 6 arxi x 7 dRe + 1 (xelis arxi); 6) gamomavali simZlavre : 100 mikrovati, 10 mikrovati, 800 mv, 5 vati da 50 vati; 7) batareis muSaobis xangrZlivoba : Ni-Cd batareiT 8 sT-ze meti, (1/1/8 proporcia) da liTiumis batareiT _ 24 sT-ze meti; 8) samuSao Zabva : gadasatan radiogadamcemebze: 15 V mudmivi deni, Ni-Cd an Li batareis bloki (11.5 _ 18 V mudmivi deni), satransporto radiogadamcemebze: 28 V mudmivi denis akumulatori (22-30 V mudmivi deni); 9) wylis SeuRwevloba : 1 metri. e. konfiguraciebSi gamoyenebuli erTeulebi: radiosadguris yvela konfiguraciaSi gamoiyeneba erTi da igive mimReb-gadamcemi erTeuli (RT-9600), Tu saWiroa xmis momateba _ xmis erTi da igive RF gamaZlierebeli (PA-601), satransporto da satanko radiogadamcemebSi _ erTi da igive damakavSirebeli bloki (JB-9601), Sida sasaubro sistemis saWiroebisas _ Sida sasaubro sistema (IC-4620) da sxva msgavsi erTeulebi. radiosadgurebis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli erTeulia ,,RT-9600” mimReb-gadamcemi. igi warmoqmnis baziss mravali radiogadamcemi sistemisaTvis. magaliTad, yvelaze martivi (5-vatiani) gadasatani radiosadguri Sedgeba mimReb-gadamcemis, batareis yuTis, batareis satarebeli CanTis, wneliseburi antenisa da mikrotelefonisagan. imisaTvis, rom es sistema satransporto radiogadamcemad gadakeTdes, sakmarisia imave mimReb-gadamcemSi batareis yuTi Seicvalos sistemis damakavSirebeli blokiT, moTavsdes samontaJo karkasze da SeuerTdes transportis antenas. gadacemis manZilis gasazrdelad transportis konfiguracias unda SeuerTdes PA-9600 RF 50 vati simZlavris gamaZlierebeli. 1) mimReb-gadamcemi ,,PT-9600”: aRniSnuli erTeuli warmoadgens sabaziso erTeuls yvela konfiguraciisTvis. igi uzrunvelyofs RF Setyobinebas da Sualedur kavSirebs momxmarebelTan. igi Sedgeba wina panelis, RF wredis, sakontrolo wredis, Setyobinebis

102

wredisa da kvebis wyaros wredisagan. qvemoT CamoTvlilia momxmareblisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli Sualeduri kavSirebi: a) momxmareblis sakontrolo displei, manaTobeli da xmovani signalebi; b) xmovani/satelegrafo Setyobineba, gameorebiTi da gadasacemi kavSirebi; g) distanciuri marTvis kavSirebi; d) kompiuteruli kontroli da teqstis CatvirTvis kavSirebi. wina panelis SesaerTebel budeebze, romliTac xorcieldeba gare kavSirebi, warmoebs miReba-gadacemis filtracia da dacva, signalebis damuSaveba da gadamrTvelebis dayeneba muSaobis reJimis Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi. aparatis eqspluatacia xorcieldeba wina panelze ganlagebuli CamrTvelebis, Rilakebis kompleqtis, displeisa da sasignalo naTurebis meSveobiT. Rilakebis kompleqtidan raime monacemis SerCevisas inTeba displei da masze Cndeba SerCeuli monacemi. Tu SerCevis Semdeg 5 wamis ganmavlobaSi (garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca displei gamoiyeneba Setyobinebis mizniT) ar moxda raime Rilakis gamoyeneba, displei avtomaturad qreba. 2) SesaerTebeli budeebi RT-9600-is wina panelze da maTi funqciebi: a) telegrafis damakavSirebeli bude: igi gamoiyeneba telegrafis niSnebisa da telegrafis aparatebis (SEMAÇ, PC, TELEM) RT-9600 radiogadamcemTan dasakavSireblad. b) HS/LI/FG damakavSirebeli bude: es bude gamoiyeneba FB-9601 aparatSi mikrotelefonidan Semosuli xmovani signalebis Sesayvanad, presetuli (winaswari gamarTvis) arxebis parametrebis CasatvirTad an gayvanilobiT kavSirTan sinqronizaciis blokis gavliT warmoebuli distanciuri marTvisaTvis. (HS _ mikrotelefonis SeerTebis adgili, LI _ gayvanilobiT kavSiriTan sinqronizaciis blokis SeerTebis adgili, FG _ Sifris CamtvirTveli blokis SeerTebis adgili). g) HS/RTX damakavSirebeli bude: es bude gamoiyeneba FP-9601 erTeulSi mokrotelefonidan momavali xmovani signalis Sesayvanad, retransmisiisa da reles kompleqtis SeqmnisaTvis da sxva, meore RT-9600 erTeulTan kavSiris uzrunvelsayofad (HS _ mikrotelefonis SeerTebis adgili, RTX _ retransilaciis “SeerTebis adgili). I. simZlavris gadamrTveli: KAPALI (gamorTuli)_ RT-9600 erTeuli gamorTulia;

PASIF BEKLEME (STANDBY) (pasiuri lodini) _ RT-9600 erTeuli morige miRebis

(pasiuri lodinis) reJimSia;

PRS: Preset Güç _ presetuli simZlavre: RT-9600 erTeulis RF gamsvleli simZlavre

regulirdeba ,,preset" (winaswari gamarTvis) arxSi CatvirTuli parametrebiT;

RX Gönderme Yasaklı_ gagzavna akrZalulia: RT-9600 erTeuls mxolod miReba

SeuZlia;

Zlier susti _ RF gamomavali simZlavre _ 100 mikrovati;

susti _ RF gamomavali simZlavre _ 10 mikrovati;

saSualo _ RF gamomavali simZlavre _ 800 mikrovati;

Zlieri _ RF gamomavali simZlavre _ 5 vati;

PA PA-9601 _ RF gamomavali simZlavre 50 vatia. am poziciaSi, Tu PA-9601

erTeuli SeerTebulia, radiosadguris kompleqti gagzavnisas, 50 vati simZlavriT gadis RF

eTerSi. xolo rodesac PA-9601 erTeuli SeerTebuli ar aris, mis gamomyenebel piri Rebulobs

Sesabamis signals.

S/Y Sil/Yükle_waSale/CatvirTe _ gamoiyeneba qselis monacemTa CatvirTvisa da

swrafi waSlisaTvis;

II. muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli: SIL Silme_waSla _ Tu am dros simZlavris gadamrTvelic S/Y reJimSia, xorcieldeba qselis monacemTa waSla (swrafi waSlis reJimi); TST Test_testi _ xorcieldeba RT-9600 aparatis Sida sistemisa da PA-9601 an FB-9601 erTeulebis (Tu isini CarTulia) testireba; KTR Kanal Tarama_arxis skanireba _ warmoebs RT-9600-Si arsebuli presetuli (winaswari gamarTvis) arxebisa da xelis arxSi CatvirTuli fiqsirebuli sixSireebis skanireba; AÇK Açık_Ria _ am reJimSi xorcieldeba dauSifravi kavSiri fiqsirebul sixSireze; KRP Kripto_daSifruli _ am reJimSi xorcieldeba daSifruli (Sida an gare) kavSiri fiqsirebul sixSireze;

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FAT Frekans Atlama_sixSiris cvla _ xorcieldeba kavSiri cvalebad sixSireebze da daSifruli kavSiri; FAÇ FA Çevrime Çağrı_cv. sixS. qselis gamoZaxeba _ xorcieldeba cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamoZaxeba;

PRS Preset_winaswari gamarTva _ kavSiri xorcieldeba winaswari gamarTvis parametrebiT.

III. niSnebis gadamrTveli: PRS Preset İşareti_presetis niSnebi _ kavSiri xorcieldeba presetul arxze CatvirTuli niSnebiT; NOR Normal_normaluri _ RT-9600-ze xorcieldeba miReba CaxSobis gareSe; Gürültü Susturma_xmauris CaxSoba _ miReba RT-9600-ze xorcieldeba xmauris CaxSobiT;

Ton Susturmalı_tonis CaxSoba _ miReba RT-9600-ze xorcieldeba tonis CaxSobiT; X Geniş Bnt_farTo diapazoni _ RT-9600-ze xorcieldeba farTo (20hc – 11kghc) diapazonis analoguri niSnebis miReba da gadacema; S1 cifruli monacemebi 1 _ cifruli monacemebis miReba da gagzavna RT-9600-is mier Seqmnili drois niSnebis meSveobiT; S2 cifruli monacemebi 2 _ cifruli monacemebis miReba da gagzavna RT-9600-is mier Seqmnili drois niSnebis gamoyenebis gareSe; FSK analoguriFSK _ xorcieldeba RT-9600-s analogiuri niSnebis gardaqmna cifrul niSnebad da maTi miReba-gadacema. IV. arxis gadamrTveli: HS distanciuri marTva mikrotelefonidan _ radiosadguri imarTeba HS-9602 mokrotelefonidan. ,,arxis SerCeva da xmis regulireba”; EL xelis arxi _ Setyobinebis parametrebs aregulirebs im mniSvnelobis Sesabamisad, romelic xelis arxSia CatvirTuli; PRS 1-6 _ xorcieldeba presetuli arxebis SerCeva. Setyobinebis parametrebs aregulirebs im mniSvnelobis Sesabamisad, romelic preset arxzea CatvirTuli. V. xmis maregulirebeli _ aregulirebs dinamikebsa da sayurisSi Semosuli xmis simaRles. sasignalo xmebis simaRle ar aris dakavSirebuli am gadamrTvelTan. VI. displei: RXZ _ miRebuli signalis done dabalia. RXK _ miRebuli signalis done maRalia. QqselSi gamoyenebuli RF gamomavali simZlavre SesaZlebelia gadayvanil iqnas erTi safexuriT dabal doneze; BNC _ arCeulia BNC dasakavSirebeli bude. rodesac sasignalo naTura anTebulia, kavSiri warmoebs BNC budeSi kabeliT damagrebuli antenidan; BAT batarea _ batarea daclilia. Tu anTebulia sasignalo naTura, es niSnavs, rom batarea unda gamoicvalos; RTX _ SerCeulia retransilaciis reJimi. rodesac anTia sasignalo naTura, radiosadguridan simpleqsuri gadacema ar xdeba; UZK _ SerCeulia distanciuri marTvis reJimi. rodesac anTia sasignalo naTura, radiosadguris mTeli kompleqti mxolod distanciuri marTvis aparatidan imarTeba. VII. Rilakebis kompleqti: 1(KNM)_poziciis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba qselTan dakavSirebuli informaciis dasanaxavad da cifr ,,1”-is Sesayvanad; 2(GÜN)_Rilaki ,,dRe" _ gamoiyeneba SerCeuli periodis (dRis) saCveneblad, mis Sesacvlelad da cifr ,,2”-is Sesayvanad; 3(ÇRI)_gamoZaxebis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba qselSi arsebuli sadgurebis saxmisebis dasanaxavad (Tu CatvirTulia), gasvlis sakuTari rigis dasanaxavad da cifr ,,3”-is Sesayvanad; ÇIK_gamosvlis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba mimdinare procesis gasauqmeblad da procesidan gamosasvlelad. 4(ZBG)_drois Sesaxeb monacemebis gagzavnis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba sinqronizaciis drois Sesaxeb informaciis gasagzavnad da cifr ,,4”-is Sesayvanad; 5(ZBA)_drois Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba sinqronizaciis drois Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad da cifr ,,5”-is Sesayvnad;

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6(PGK)_pasiuri gviani CarTvis Rilaki: gamoiyeneba qselSi pasiuri gviani CarTvis procesis gansaxorcieleblad da cifr ,,6”-is Sesayvanad; PRG_programirebis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba radiosadguris konfiguraciis monacemebis Secvlisa da gansazRvrisaTvis; 7_TariRis/drois Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba TariRisa da drois dasanaxavad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ Sesacvlelad, agreTve, cifr ,,7”-is Sesayvanad; 8(HKG)_operaciis kodis gagzavna _ gamoiyeneba operaciis kodis gagzavnisa da SeyvanisaTvis, agreTve da cifr ,,8”-is Sesayvanad; 9_displeis ganaTebis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba displeis ganaTebis Svidi donidan erT-erTis SesarCevad da cifr ,,9”-is Sesayvanad; YÜK_CatvirTvis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba qselis informaciis CasatvirTad; gadasvlis Rilaki: gamoiyeneba KNM, GÜN, CRI, PRG, HKA da YÜK Rilakebis SerCevis Semdeg displeize maTi Sesabamisi opciebis gamosatanad; 0(HKA) operaciis kodis miRebis Rilaki: gamoiyeneba operaciis miRebuli kodis displeize gamosatanad da cifr ,,0”-is Sesayvanad. ukusvlis Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac cifrebSi Sesvlisas daiSveba Secdoma _ wina Rilakze daWeriT xdeba ukan dabruneba. ,,GİR”_,,Seyvanis” Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba arCeuli informaciis Sesanaxad an momdevno operaciaze gadasasvlelad. VIII. xelis arxis monacemebis CatvirTva: - arxis gadamrTveli gadadis ,,EL” poziciaSi; - ,,GÜÇ” simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis ,,S/Y” (maRali simZlavre) poziciaSi; - ,,DURUM” muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,AÇIK” (CarTul) poziciaSia; IX. arxis periodis (dRe) Secvla: - arxis gadamrTveli Semobrundeba sasurveli qselisken/presetisken; - simZlavris gadamrTveli gamorTulia anu gadis PASIF BEKLEME da S/Y poziciebis gareT; - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli (,,DURUM”) gadis ,,SİL”, ,,TST” da ,,KTR” poziciebis gareT;  - niSnebis gadamrTvelis pozicias mniSvneloba ara aqvs; - ,,“GÜN2”“ Rilakze daWeriT displeize gamodis signali ,,GÜNX” (dReX) (X=1,….…. .7). - ,,“OK”” Rilakze daWeris Semdeg Rilakebis meSveobiT SeirCeva daSifvris sasurveli periodi; - vaWerT Rilaks ,,“GİR“ (Seyvana). X. droisa da TariRis Secvla: - simZlavris gadamrTveli gamorTulia _ gayvanilia pasiuri lodinisa da S/Y (maRali simZlavre) poziciebis gareT; - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli (,,DURUM”) gadis ,,SİL”, ,,TST” da ,,KTR” poziciebs gareT; - ,,“ZAMAN 7” Rilakze daWeriT, RT-ze ganTavsebul drois maCvenebelze gamoCndeba ,,SS:DD:SS”; - TariRisa da drois Sesacvlelad ganmeorebiT vaWerT Rilakze ,,“ZAMAN 7”; - axali drois gansazRvrisTvis, unda daeWiros Rilaks ,,GİR“ da maCvenebelze dro gamoCndeba ,,GG:AA:YY“ formiT. - axali TariRis gansazRvrisTvis unda daaWiroT Rilaks ,,GİR“. XI. displeize saxmisebisa da qselSi gasvlis rigis gamoyvana: displeize saxmisis gamosayvanad: - arxis CamrTveli Sebrundeba sasurveli qselis ,,preset“ arxisken. - simZlavris gadamrTveli gadis ,,KAPALI “, ,,PASİF BEKLEME” da ,,S/Y” poziciebis gareT; - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli (,,DURUM”) gadis ,,SİL”, ,,TST” da ,,KTR” poziciebis gareT; - niSnis CamrTvelis pozicias mniSvneloba ar aqvs. - displeize saxmisis gamosayvanad unda daaWiroT Rilaks ,,GİR“. jer gamoCndeba radiosadguris sakuTari saxmisi; - ,,DÖNDÜR” (gadasvla) Rilakze daWeriT displeize gamoCndeba qselSi CarTuli sxva radiosadgurebis saxmisebi, qselSi maTi CarTvis rigis Sesabamisad. Tu es saxmisebi radiosadgurSi CatvirTuli ar aris, displeize gamodis mxolod maTi qselSi CarTvis rigi. XII. fiqsirebuli sixSiris Ria qselis muSaoba: fiqsirebuli sixSiris xmovani SetyobinebisTvis: - poziciis muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,AÇIK” mdgomareobaSia;

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- simZlavris gadamrTveli ,,ORTA” (saSualo) an ,,KUVVETLİ” (Zlier) poziciaSia; - arxis gadamrTveli sasurveli qselis Sesabamis presetzea ; - niSnis gadamrTveli ,,TON” poziciaSia; - kavSiri xorcieldeba tanketze (xmis CamrTvelze) daWeriT. XIII. fiqsirebuli sixSiris daSifruli qselis muSaoba: - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,KRP” (daSifvra) poziciaSia; - simZlavris gadamrTveli ,,ORTA” (saSualo) an ,,KUVVETLİ” (Zlier) poziciaSia; - arxis gadamrTveli sasurveli qselis Sesabamis presetzea; - niSnis gadamrTveli ,,TON” poziciaSia; - kavSiri xorcieldeba tanketze (xmis CamrTvelze) daWeriT. XIV. cvalebadi sixSiris qselis muSaoba: qselis gamarTuli muSaobisaTvis saWiroa: - qselisa da konfiguraciis monacemebis CatvirTva qselSi CarTul radiosadgurebSi; - qselSi CarTuli radiosadgurebis sinqronizacia; - qselis yvela sadguris muSaobis reJimis gadamrTvelis gamoyvana ,,AÇIK” (CarTuli) poziciaSi. qselis sakontrolo sadguris kontrolis gareT darCenili sadgurebis mekavSireebma unda daaWiron Rilaks ,,ZBG5” da daelodon sinqronizacias; - qselis sakontrolo sadguris operatorma 2-2 wamis SualediT, sul mcire samjer mainc unda daaWiros Rilaks ,,ZBG4” (am dros sinqronizaciis dro gadaecema qselSi myof sadgurebs); - qselis sadgurebis ekranebze gamoCndeba warwera ,,ZBA OLDU“ (ganxorcielda sinqronizacia); - yvela radiosadguris samuSao reJimis gadamrTveli gadadis ,,FAT” poziciaSi; - qselis sakontrolo sadguri radiogadamcemebs saTiTaod ukavSirdeba da uzrunvelyofs maT kontrols. SeniSvna: Tu qselis sinqronizaciisaTvis gamoyenebul arxze Seferxebebia, maSin am sinqronizaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba pasiuri gviani CarTvis meTodi. XV. cvalebadi sixSiris qselis (FAÇ) gamoZaxeba: cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamoZaxebis procesi es aris cvalşebadi sixSiris armqone (fiqsirebuli sixSiris) radiosadguris mier (mag. 4600 seriis radiosadgurebi) cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamoZaxeba. Tu 9600 radiogadamcems dakarguli aqvs sinqronizacia, is iZaxebs cvalebadi sixSiris qsels da iTxovs ,,aqtiuri gviani CarTvis” ganxorcielebas. cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamosaZaxeblad saWiroa: - simZlavris CamrTvelis dayeneba ,,saSualo”, ,,Zlier” an ,,PA“ poziciaSi. - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli “FAÇ“ mdgomareobaSia. - gamoZaxebisas arxis gadamrTveliT SeirCeva cvalebadi arxis mqone qselis sixSire. SeniSvna: sxva radiogadamcemebis mier (4600, PRC-77 da sxv.) cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamosaZaxeblad, cvalebadi sixSiris qselis gamoZaxebis sixSire Sedis am radiogadamcemebSi da muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli gadadis tonis CaxSobis poziciaSi. - tanketze 6-10 wm xelis daWeriT warmoebs cvalebadi sixSiris qselis sakontrolo sadguris gamoZaxeba; - qselSi CarTuli cvalebadi sixSiris radiogadamcemebis displeize Cndeba signali ,,ÇAĞRI” (gamoZaxeba); - qselis sakontrolo sadguris muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli gadadis ,,FAÇ“ poziciaSi da gamomZaxebel sadgurs gaecema pasuxi. XVI. gviani CarTva qselSi _ gviani CarTva qselSi gulisxmobs 9600 radiosadguris mier ganxorcielebul proceduras, romelmac qselis CarTvisas an muSaobis periodSi dakarga sinqronizacia. es procesi xorcieldeba ori saxiT: aqtiuri gviani CarTva an pasiuri gviani CarTva. XVII. aqtiuri gviani CarTva qselSi _ es procesi xorcieldeba qvemoT CamoTvlili safexurebis gavliT: - 9600 radiosadguri, romelsac ar aqvs sinqronizacia, axorcielebs gamoZaxebas cvalebadi sixSiris qselSi da qselis sakontrolo sadguridan iTxovs sinqronizaciis monacemebs; - operatori aWers Rilaks ,,ZBA5” da elodeba cnobas drois Sesaxeb; - qselis sakontrolo sadguri or-ori wamis SualediT aWers Rilaks ,,ZBG4” da agzavnis cnobas drois Sesaxeb; - Tu procesi warumatebeli aRmoCnda, is unda ganmeordes an gadavideT pasiur gvian CarTvaze.

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XVIII. pasiuri gviani CarTva qselSi _ es procesi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac radiosadguris kontrolis (siCumis) reJimSi yofnis an TviTSeniRbvis dros radiosadguri kargavs sinqronizacias da iTxovs mis aRdgenas. aRdgena xorcieldeba qvemoT CamoTvlili safexurebis gavliT: - radiosadguris arxis gadamrTveli gadadis saZiebeli cvalebadi sixSiris qselis arxisken. - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli gadadis ,,FAT“ mdgomareobaSi; - vaWerT,,PGK6” Rilaks da displeize gamodis warwera ,,PGK“ (,,pasiuri gviani CarTva”); - pasiuri gviani CarTvisas cvalebadi sixSiris qseli aqtiur (gagzavnis) reJimSi unda iyos. amis gamo qselSi CarTvisaTvis saWiroa drois xangrZlivi periodi _ 10-15 wT; - displeize ,,PGK OLDU“ (pasiuri gviani CarTva dasrulda) signalis gamoCenis Semdeg SesaZlebelia kavSiris warmoeba cvalebadi sixSiris reJimSi. XIX. Sewyvetis procesi: es procesi warmoadgens qselis sakontrolo sadguris mier qselis sxva radiosadgurebis mauwyeblobis Sewyvetas. misi ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia qselis marTvis programirebisa da radiosadgurebSi misi CatvirTvis meSveobiT. Sewyvetis procesi xorcieldeba xmovani Setyobinebisas fiqsirebuli sixSiris, Sida daSifruli kavSiris an cvalebadi sixSiris reJimSi. kavSiris Sewyveta igegmeba uflebamosili struqturuli erTeulis mier da CatvirTuli unda iyos winaswari gamarTvis (presetul) arxSi. - Sewyvetis procesis ganxorcielebisaTvis meTauri an qselis sakontrolo radiosadguris operatori xels aWers tankets 15 wamis ganmavlobaSi; - qselSi CarTuli radiosadgurebis displeize Cndeba signali ,,KOMUTAN” (meTauri); - İim drois ganmavlobaSi, rodesac meTauri an sakontrolo radiosadguri awarmoebs gagzavnas, qselis yvela radiosadguri imyofeba miRebis reJimSi. XX. operaciis kodis gagzavna, miReba da danaxva. operaciis kodis gasagzavnad: - radiosadguris muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,KRP“ (daSifvra) poziciaSia; - operaciis kodis gagzavnisas niSnebis gadamrTvelis pozicias mniSvneloba ar aqvs; - ,,HKG8” (,,operaciis kodis gagzavna”) Rilakze daWeriT displeize gamoCndeba operaciis adre gagzavnili kodi (,,HKXXXXXX” saxiT). amis Semdeg aparati mzadaa operaciis axali kodis Sesayvanad; - warmoebs kodis Cawera da ,,GİR” Rilakze xelis daWeriT displeize gamoCndeba ,,G ADR XX” (XX gviCvenebs bolos ra misamarTze gaigzavna operaciis kodi), aparati mzadaa axali misamarTis Sesayvanad; - operaciis kodis gasagzavni misamarTis Seyvana SeiZleba cifrebis Rilakebis gamoyenebiT da ,,GİR” Rilakze daWeriT (Tu operaciis kodi qselSi myof yvela radiogadamcems egzavneba, maSin misamarTad Seiyvaneba 00 _ saerTo misamarTi, xolo Tu igi mxolod erT radiosadgurs egzavneba, maSin aparatSi Sedis am radiosadguris misamarTi, anu misi qselSi CarTvis rigiTi nomeri); - displeize Cndeba signali ,,HKG“ (operaciis kodis gagzavna); - gagzavnis procesis dasrulebisas, maCvenebelze gamoCndeba signali ,,HKG OLDU“ (operaciis kodis gagzavna dasrulda); - operaciis kodis miRebis an displeize misi gamoyvanisaTvis radiosadguris muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli dgas ,,KRP“ poziciaSi; - operaciis kodis gamogzavnis Sesaxeb cnobis miRebisas displeize Cndeba warwera ,,HKG ALDI“ (miRebulia operaciis kodi), mikrotelefonis sayurisebSi ismis gamoZaxebis xmovani signali; - operaciis miRebuli kodis displeize gamosayvanad saWiroa ,,HKAO“ Rilakze daWera; - displeize Cndeba ,,AAXXXXXX”. AA uCvenebs operaciis kodis mimRebAarxs, XXXXXX _ operaciis kods; -,,GİR” Rilakze daWerisas displeize gamoCndeba gamomgzavnis misamarTi. Tu gagzavna ganxorcielda kerZo misamarTiT, displeize misamarTi gamoCndeba ,,ÖZ ADR XX” (,,kerZo misamarTi XX”) saxiT, xolo saerTo misamarTze gagzavnis SemTxvevaSi _ ,,GN ADR XX” (,,saerTo misamarTi XX”) saxiT. ,,GİR” Rilakze ganmeorebiT daWerisas displeize gamoCndeba kodis miRebis dRe, saaTi da wuTi (mag. 20 10:30). XXI. arxis skanireba _ es procedura xorcieldeba winaswari gamarTvis (presetul) arxebze (fiqsirebuli an Ria qselis sixSireebi) xmovani Carevebis Semowmebis mizniT. igi warmoebs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: - arxebis gadamrTveli Semobrundeba presetuli an (EL) xelis arxisaken;

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- gadamrTvelis mier SerCeuli arxi warmoadgens prioritetul arxs; - muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli gadadis KTR (Kanal Tarama _ arxis skanireba) reJimSi. displeize ,,KTR” signalis gamoCena niSnavs, rom skanirebis procesi dawyebuylia; - SerCeuli prioritetuli arxis garda Tu aparatSi ar aris minimum ori sxva arxis monacemebi, displeize gamoCndeba signali ,,KANAL AZ” (arxebis raodenoba mcirea); - Tu gamoZaxeba miiReba romelime presetuli arxidan, maSin displeize gamoCndeba signali _ “RX PRS Y“ (Y _ presetuli arxis nomeri), xolo Tu gamoZaxeba xelis arxidan miiReba _ ,,RX EL“ signali; - operators arxis gadamrTveli gadahyavs displeize gamosuli arxis nomerze da awarmoebs kavSirs. 3) JB-9601 sistemis damakavSirebeli erTeuli _ JB-9601 erTeuli satransporto konfiguraciebSi magrdeba RT-9600 radiosadguris ukan da uzrunvelyofs mis dakavSirebas: LS-4621 dinamikTan (adapteris kabeliT), PA-9601 simZlavris gamaZlierebelTan, FB-9601 filtrTan, IC-4621 Sida saubris blokTan, akumulatorTan (an JB-9602) da sxva aucilebel sistemebsa da simZlavris gardamqmnelebTan. 4) PA-9601 50 vt. simZlavris gamaZlierebeli/filtri _ aRniSnuli erTeuli, romelic gamoiyeneba 9600 seriis javSniani teqnikisa da satransporto konfiguraciebSi, 30-108 mhc diapazonSi momuSave 50 vt. simZlavris gamaZlierebeli erTeulia. masSi Sedis agreTve mwarmoeblobis gamaZlierebeli Co-Site/Co-Location cvalebadi sixSiris filtri. konfiguraciebSi is uerTdeba qveda radiogadamcems (RT-9600) da kontroldeba radiosadguris gavliT. misi kveba xdeba uSualod akumulatoridan an JB-9602 erTeulidan. 5) FB-9601 filtri _ aRniSnuli erTeuli, romelic gamoiyeneba satanko da satransporto 9600 seriis konfiguraciebSi, warmoadgens 30-108 mghc diapazonSi momuSave filtrs. 6) HS-9601 mikrotelefoni _ warmoadgens standartul mikrotelefons 9600 seriis gadasatani da satransporto konfiguraciebisaTvis. igi uerTdeba RT-9600 radiosadguris wina panelze mdebare xmis dasakavSirebeli budidan erT-erTs da gamoiyeneba xmovani SetyobinebisTvis. 7) AT-9602 satransporto dipoluri antena _ es aris farTo diapazonis antena, romelic gamoiyeneba satransporto da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, satanko 9600 seriis konfiguraciebSi. aRniSnuli antena mocemul konfiguraciaSi CarTul PA-9601 simZlavris gamaZlierebels an FB-9601 filtrs akavSirebs sxva konfiguraciebSi CarTul RT-9600 mimReb-gadamcemTan. 8) MT-9601 samontaJo karkasi _ igi uzrunvelyofs 9600 seriis satransporto da satanko konfiguraciebSi Semavali erTeulebis montaJs transportSi, rac ganapirobebs erTeulebis muSaobas transportis moZraobis dros. 9) MA-9601 samontaJo adapteri _ es adapteri uzrunvelyofs 9600 klasis erTeulebis gamoyenebas 4600 klasis erTeulebTan, erTsa da imave satransporto da satanko konfiguraciebSi, agreTve 9600 seriis radiogadamcemebis damontaJebas 4600 seriis erTeulebze. 10) JB-9602 sistemuri (Zaluri) damakavSirebeli _ es erTeuli gamoiyeneba 9600 seriis yvela saxis satransporto da satanko konfiguraciebSi, roca saWiroa maTi dakavSireba erTze met akumulatorTan da uzrunvelyofs akumulatorebidan an kvebis gare wyaroebidan miRebuli energiis ganawilebas. 11) BX-9601 batareis yuTi _ es aris yuTi, romelic uzrunvelyofs gadasatan radiogadamcemSi BB-4600 Ni-Cd, BB-9600 Li, BB-9602 Ni-Cd batareis blokebis an BH-4600 mSrali batareis adapteris dakavSirebas RT-9600 radiogadamcemTan, specialuri xelsawyos gamoyenebis gareSe. 12) CH-9601 lentiseburi antenis adapteri _ es adapteri uzrunvelyofs AT-892 lentiseburi antenis dakavSirebas gadasatan radiogadamcemebTan. radiosadguris miwaze dadebis an zurgze Camokidebisas AA-9601 erTeulis saSualebiT lentiseburi antena montaJdeba miwis zedapiris mimarT 45-dan 90 gradusamde kuTxiT. 13) CH-9601 satarebeli karkasi _ igi gamoiyeneba PRC-9610 gadasatani radiosadguris kompleqtis zurgiT satarebilad. karkasis konstruqcia da radiosadgurTan SeerTebis forma miwaze radiosadguris vertikalurad dadgmisa da gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. 14) CH-9602 satarebeli CanTa _ es aris qsovilis msubuqi CanTa, romelic gamoiyeneba CH-9610 gadasatani radiosadguris kompleqtis zurgiT satareblad. 15) FG-9601 kodis CamtvirTveli _ igi gamoiyeneba KM-9601 erTeulidan adapteris blokiT miRebuli qselis monacemTa paketis radiogadamcemebSi CatvirTvis mizniT. mas SeuZlia monacemTa maqsimum 12 kompleqtis gadmotvirTva da 32 radiogadamcemSi CatvirTva. misi kveba xdeba im erTeulidan, romelTanac aris dakavSirebuli.

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16) CH-9603 FG satarebeli CanTa _ es aris CanTa, romelic gankuTvnilia FG-9601 kodis CamtvirTvelis tarebisaTvis. igi magrdeba am erTeulis momxmareblis qamarze. v. PRC–9610 gadasatani radiosadguri _ es aris radiosadguri sistema, romelic warmoiqmneba RT-9600 ukana mxares batareis yuTisa da batareis blokis mierTebiT, xolo gverdiTa mxares mdebare wneliseburi antenis SesaerTebel budeSi antenis adapterisa da lentiseburi antenis SeerTebiT.

1) PRC-9610 radiosadguris Semadgeneli ZiriTadi erTeulebi: a) RT-9600 mimReb-gadamcemi; b) BX-9601 galvanuri elementis yuTi; g) HS-9601 mikrotelefoni; d) CH-9602 satarebeli CanTa; e) BB-4600 Ni-Cd batareis bloki/BB-9601 Li batareis bloki/BB-9602 Ni-Cd batareis bloki; v) AA-9601 antenis adapteri; z) AT-892 lentiseburi antena. 2) PRC-9610 gadasatani radiogadamcemebis eqspluatacia _ RT-9600 erTeuli moTavsdeba zurgiT satarebel karkasSi an CanTaSi. qamrebi Seikvreba momxmareblisTvis moxerxebuli saxiT. damuxtuli BB-4600 (an BB-9601) batareis bloki RT-9600 erTeulis ukana nawilze ise magrdeba, rom misi ,,+” da ,,_“ boloebi gamodiodes wina mxares. Semdeg BX-9601 batareis yuTi magrdeba RT-9600-is zemoT mdebare or zambarian damWerSi, rac uzrunvelyofs batareis blokis myarad dafiqsirebas RT-9600 erTeulze. HS-9601 erTeuli unda SeuerTdes RT-9600 erTeulis HS/LI/FG an HS/RTX SesaerTebel budes. RT-9600-is monacemTa CatvirTvis SesaerTebel budesTan CX-9662 da CX-9663 kabelebis SeerTebiT xorcieldeba monacemTa DT-7221, DT-7231 da DT-7231 terminalebTan dakavSireba. CX-9651 kabelis meSveobiT RT-9600-is HS/RTX SesaerTebel budes ukavSirdeba meore radiosadguri, romelic Seasrulebs retransilatoris an sareleo sadguris funqcias. RT-9600 radiosadgurSi qselis informaciis CasatvirTad FG-9601 erTeuli Tavisive kabeliT ukavSirdeba RT-9600 radiosadguris HS/LI/FG SesaerTebel budes. 3) PRC-9610 gadasatani radiosadguris CarTva: a) signalis gadamrTveli ,,tonis CaxSobis” poziciaSia; b) muSaobis reJimis gadamrTveli ,,CarTul” poziciaSia; g) arxis gadamrTveli ,,EL” poziciaSia; d) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli irTveba ,,Zlier / sust” poziciaSi; e) radiosadguris samuSaod mzadyofnisas displeize gamodis signali ,,RT HAZIR” (RT mzadaa). 4) PRC-9610 gadasatani radiosadguris momzadeba samuSaod: a) radiosadgurSi presetuli arxebis CatvirTva xorcieldeba FG-9601 kodis CamtvirTveli blokis, xolo EL xelis arxebis monacemebis CatvirTva qselis dagegmvis sistemaSi _ Rilakebis kompleqtis meSveobiT; b) 9600 seriis radiosadgurebis muSaobis dawyebamde saWiroa monacemTa ori mTavari jaWvis CatvirTva Rilakebis gamoyenebiT. esenia: I) monacemebi radiosadgurebis qselis sistemis Sesaxeb; II) monacemebi xelis arxebis Sesaxeb. 5) PRC-9610 gadasatani radiosadgurebis gamorTva: a) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis morige miRebis (pasiuri lodinis) reJimSi; b) radiosadguris sawyobSi Cabarebis an misi gadabarebis SemTxvevaSi simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis KAPALI (gamorTvis) reJimSi. z. javSniani transportis Sida sasaubro VRC–9621 5 vatiani radiosadguri: VRC-9621 Sida sasubro radiosadguri montaJdeba im javSnian transportSi, romelSic imyofeba aTeulis meTauri da gamoiyeneba oceulis marTvis qselSi. samuSao Zabva aiReba transportis akumulatoris sistemidan (28 V mudmivi deni). Sida sasaubro sistema msgavsia VRC-4621 radiosadguris bazaze arsebuli sistemisa, radgan, am SemTxvevaSic, Sida saubari xorcieldeba 4600 seriis İC-4620 Sida saubris aparatisa da C-4621 Sida sauberis kontrolis blokis meSveobiT 1) javSniani transportis Sida sasaubro VRC-9621 5 vatiani radiosadguris Semadgeneli ZiriTadi erTeulebi: a) RT-9600 mimReb-gadamcemi; b) JB-9601 sistemis damakavSirebeli erTeuli (RT);

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g) AT-9602 satransporto dipoluri antena; d) JB-9602 sistemis damakavSirebeli erTeuli (simZlavre); e) MT-4620 samontaJo karkasi; v) IC-4620 Sida sasaubro sistemis bloki; z) PP-4621 kvebis wyaro; T) C-4621 Sida saubris sakontrolo bloki (3 cali); i) H-4610/U kompleqti (6 cali); k) CX-4600 mkvebavi kabeli; l) CX-4600B mkvebavi kabeli (2 cali); m) CX-9622X RF kabeli; n) CX-9621 RF kabeli; o) CX-9641 Sida saubris kabeli. 2) javSniani transportis VRC–9621 Sida sasaubro radiosadguris ZiriTadi erTeulebis montaJi: a) VRC-9621 radiosadguri Sedgeba VRC-4600 da VRC-9600 seriis erTeulebisagan. kavSiri 4600-dan 9600-Tan xorcieldeba MA-9602 samontaJo adapteris meSveobiT. MA–9601-s am gadasvlis uzrunvelsayofad gaaCnia boloebi 4600-is samontaJo budeSi Casamagrebelad. b) MA-9601 samontaJo adapteri, romelsac ukan mimagrebuli aqvs PP 4621 kvebis wyaros bloki, IC-4620 Sida sasaubro blokze montaJdeba iseve, rogorc IC-4620 Sida sasaubro bloki montaJdeba MT-4620 blokze. g) MA-9601 blokis montaJis Semdeg, JB-9601 sistemis damakavSirebeli blokis samagri boloebi SeuerTdeba RT-9600-is ukana mxares arsebul or cal zambarian damWers mopirdapire adgilebs, romlebic JB-9601-Sia, miemagreba da Caiketeba _ rac uzrunvelyofs RT-9600 erTeulze damakavSirebeli blokis myarad mimagrebas. d) RT-9600 erTeulze arsebul BNC SesaerTebel bedes, CX-9622 kabeliT, uerTdeba AT-9602 dipoluri antena. e) VRC-9621 radiosadguris kavSiri akumulatorTan xorcieldeba CX-460X kabeliT (kabelis sigrZis Sesabamisad _ X=1_4). JB-9601-is simZlavris SesaerTebeli budis gavliT kveba miewodeba, aseve JB-4601 _ sistemis damakavSirebel da IC-4620 _ Sida saubris kontrolis blokebs. v) HS-9601 mikrotelefoni uerTdeba RT-9600 erTeulis HS/LI/FG (an HS/RTX) budes. z) RT-9600-is monacemTa SesaerTebeli budis gavliT, CX 9662A da CX-9663A kabelebis gamoyenebiT, xorcieldeba DT-7221, DT-7222 da DT-7231 monacemTa terminalebTan dakavSireba. T) RT-9600 radiosadgurSi qselis monacemebis CasatvirTad FG-9601 erTeuli, Tavisive kabeliT, uerTdeba HS/LI/FG budes. i) Sida sasaubris kontrolis blokis montaJi xorcieldeba ise, rogorc VRC-46XX konfiguraciebSi. kavSiri warmoebs H-4610 SlemofoniT.

1) VRC-9621 satransporto radiosadguris CarTva: a) N,,niSnebis” gadamrTveli ,,tonis CaxSobis” poziciaSia; b) ,,muSaobis reJimis” gadamrTveli ,,CarTul” poziciaSia; g) ,,arxis” gadamrTveli daaregulireT ,,xelis arxis” poziciaSi; d) JB-9602-is ,,simZlavris” gadamrTveli daayeneT ,,CarTul” poziciaSi; e) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli CarTeT ,,Zlier sust” poziciaSi; v) CarTeT IC-4620-ze arsebuli ,,KAYNAK” (kveba) CamrTveli; z) LS-4621-ze arsebuli ,,SEÇME” (SerCeva) gadamrTveli, gadadis ,,TÜM” (sruli) an ,,SEÇME” (SerCeva) reJimSi; T) rodesac radiosadguri samuSaod mzadaa, ekranze gamoCndeba warwera ,,RT HAZIR” (RT mzadaa). 4) VRC-9621 satransporto radiosadguris momzadeba samuSaod: a) radiosadgurSi presetuli arxebis CatvirTva xorcieldeba FG-9601 kodis CamtvirTveli blokis, xolo EL xelis arxebis monacemebis CatvirTva qselis dagegmvis sistemaSi _ Rilakebis kompleqtis meSveobiT; b) 9600 seriis radiosadgurebis muSaobis dawyebamde saWiroa monacemTa ori mTavari jaWvis CatvirTva Rilakebis gamoyenebiT. esenia: I. monacemebi radiosadgurebis qselis sistemis Sesaxeb; II. monacemebi xelis arxebis Sesaxeb. 5) VRC-9621 satransporto radiosadguris gamorTva:

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a) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis ,,PASİF BEKLEME” (pasiuri lodinis) anu morige miRebis reJimSi; b) Tu transporti unda Caiketos, radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis ,,KAPALI” (gamorTuli) reJimSi da Sordeba antenebi. T. javSniani transportis VRC-9624 5w+50w Sida sasaubro radiosadguri: radiosadguri montaJdeba oceulis meTauris javSnian transportSi da igi oceulis marTvis qselSi CaerTveba 5 vatiani RT 9600-iT, xolo aseulis marTvis qselSi ki _ 50 vatiani RT-9600 radiosadguris saSualebiT. es radiogadamcemebi samuSao voltaJs iReben transportis akumulatoris sistemidan. vinaidan javSniani transportis Sida sasaubro sistema Sedgeba 4600 seriis IC 4620 Sida sasaubro erTeulisa da C-4621 Sida saubris kontrolis blokisagan, igi iseTivea, rogorc VRC-4621 radiosadgurSi. 1) javSniani transportis VRC-9624 5v+50v radiogadamcemis ZiriTadi erTeulebi: a) RT-9600 mimReb-gadamcemi (2 cali); b) JB-9601 sistemis kavSiris erTeuli (RT) (2 cali); g) PA-9601 50 v RF gamaZlierebeli/filtri; d) FB-9601 RF filtri; e) AT-9602 satransporto dipoluri antena (2 cali); v) MT-9601 samontaJo karkasi; z) MA-9601 samontaJo karkasi; T) JB-9602 sistemis damakavSirebeli erTeuli (simZlavre); i) MT-4620 samontaJo karkasi; k) IC-4620 Sida saubris erTeuli; l) PP-4621 kvebis wyaro; m) C-4621 Sida saubris kontrolis bloki (3 cali) da kabelebi; n) H-4610/U Slemofoni (6 cali); o) CX-4602 kvebis kabeli; p) CX-4600 kvebis kabeli (3 cali); J) UG-4608 erTeulis damakavSirebeli 8-iani kabeli (2 cali); r) CX-9621 RF kabeli (2 cali); s) CX-9622X RF kabeli (2 cali); t) CX-9631 PA/FB kabeli (2 cali); u) CX-9641A Sida saubris kabeli; f) CX-9643 Sida saubris kabeli; q) CX-9651A 9600-9600 sareleo kabeli. 2) 9624 satransporto radiosadguris CarTva: a) N,,niSnebis” gadamrTveli ,,tonis CaxSobis” poziciaSia; b) ,,muSaobis reJimis” gadamrTveli ,,CarTul” poziciaSia; g) ,,arxis” gadamrTveli daaregulireT ,,xelis arxis” poziciaSi; d) JB-9602-is ,,simZlavris” gadamrTveli daayeneT ,,CarTul” poziciaSi; e) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli CarTeT ,,Zlier sust” poziciaSi; v) CarTeT IC-4620-ze arsebuli ,,KAYNAK” (kveba) CamrTveli; z) LS-4621-ze arsebuli ,,SEÇME” (SerCeva) gadamrTveli, gadadis ,,TÜM” (sruli) an ,,SEÇME” (SerCeva) reJimSi; T) rodesac radiosadguri samuSaod mzadaa, ekranze gamoCndeba warwera ,,RT HAZIR” (RT mzadaa). T) rodesac radiosadguri samuSaod mzadaa, ekranze gamoCndeba warwera RT mzadaa. 3) VRC-9624 satransportis radiosadguris momzadeba samuSaod: a) radiosadgurSi presetuli arxebis CatvirTva xorcieldeba FG-9601 kodis CamtvirTveli blokis, xolo EL xelis arxebis monacemebis CatvirTva qselis dagegmvis sistemaSi _ Rilakebis kompleqtis meSveobiT; b) 9600 seriis radiosadgurebis muSaobis dawyebamde saWiroa monacemTa ori mTavari jaWvis CatvirTva Rilakebis gamoyenebiT. esenia: I. monacemebi radiosadgurebis qselis sistemis Sesaxeb; II. monacemebi xelis arxebis Sesaxeb. 4) VRC-9624 satransporto radiosadguris gamorTva: a) radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis ,,PASİF BEKLEME” (pasiuri lodinis) anu morige miRebis reJimSi; b) Tu transporti unda Caiketos, radiosadguris simZlavris gadamrTveli gadadis ,,KAPALI” (gamorTuli) reJimSi da Sordeba antenebi.

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7. gayvanilobiTi savele teqnika: gayvanilobiTi kavSirgabmuloba warmoadgens erT-erT umniSvnelovanes sakomunikacio saSualebas. is gamoiyeneba qvedanayofebis SigniT, aseve maT Soris taqtikuri marTvisa da kontrolis sakiTxebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. gayvanilobiTi sakomunikacio saSualebebi umetesad gamoiyeneba ucvleli taqtikuri viTarebebis dros. a. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi: 1) dadebiTi mxareebi: a) or abonents Soris kavSiris dros uzrunvelyofs saubris Sewyvetisa da gaugebari sakiTxebis ufro detaluri ganmartebis SesaZleblobas; b) kavSiris sxva saSualebebTan SedarebiT, garda safeldegero kavSirisa, warmoadgens ufro usafrTxo saSualebas; g) uzrunvelyofs saimedo kavSirs nebismieri adgilmdebareobisa da klimaturi pirobebis SemTxvevaSi. eqspluatacia ufro martivia da advili. 2) uaryofiTi mxareebi: a) sxva sakomunikacio saSualebebTan SedarebiT gayvanilobiTi kavSiris gamarTvas ufro meti dro sWirdeba; b) saWiroebs meti raodenobis piradi Semadgenlobas. rTulia teqnikuri momsaxureba da Senaxva; g) qvedanayofebisa da javSniani transportis gadaadgilebis, aseve mowinaaRmdegis artileriis sacecxle zemoqmedebis gamo SesaZlebelia sadenebis gawyveta, rac ufro metad sazianoa vidre mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebebi. piradma Semadgenlobam unda icodes gayvanilobiTi xazebis mniSvneloba da am sakiTxSi unda hqondes miRebuli saTanado momzadeba; d) ar SeuZlia swrafad miesadagos Secvlil taqtikur mdgomareobas; e) naleqiani da teniani klimati uaryofiTad moqmedebs komunikaciis manZilze; v) mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilebSi Zneldeba gayvanilobiTi kavSiris gamarTva. b. savele kabelebi: 1) WD-1/TTkabeli: es kabeli cnobilia, rogorc standartuli savele kabeli. TiToeuli Sedgeba cal-calke izolirebuli, dagrexili gamtarisgan. gamtari Sedgeba 4 cali kaliT dafaruli spilenZisa da 3 cali myari, galvanizebuli foladis sadenisgan. TiToeuli gamtari SigniT izolirebulia polieTileniT, garedan ki dafarulia neiloniT. misi winaaRmdegobis unari gawyvetisadmi, daaxloebiT, 45 kg-ia. kabelis kuTri wonaa 20 kg/mili (1 mili ≈ 1600 m.). kabeli, garegnulad bzinavs da mSral amindSi Cans 27 km, xolo nestian amindSi _ 18 km manZilze. simsubuqis gamo, xazebis gaSla da daxveva SesaZlebelia minimaluri raodenobis piradi Semadgenlobisa da xelsawyoebis meSveobiT. 2) CX-1065 kabeli (S-4 kabeli): kabelis zedapiri izolirebulia plastmasiT. saizolacio fenis qveS liTonis grexilia, mis qveS ki _ wyvili grexili. am kabelis sigrZe 400 metria, romelic bolovdeba universluri SesaerTebliT. xazis gaSla xorcieldeba am SesaerTeblebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiT. kabeli ixveva DR-5 koWaze. 3) kabelebis teqnikuri momsaxureba: gamoyenebis Semdeg kabelebs utardeba teqnikuri momsaxureba da inaxeba sawyobSi. isini unda gaiwmindos nestis, talaxisa da sxva nivTierebebisagan, romelTac SeuZliaT daazianon kabeli. daglejili, dazianebuli adgilebi gaixveva saizolacio lentSi. koWaze magrdeba etiketi (TariRi, damatebiTi cali, pasuxismgebeli piri). g. kabelis gaSlisa da gamarTvis saSualebebi: 1) kabelis koWi _ kabelis koWi, kabelebis gasaSlel aRWurvilobasTan erTad, gamoiyeneba kabelis Senaxvis, gadatanis, gaSlisa da daxvevis mizniT. a) DR-8 koWa _ es aris liTonis koWa, romelic gamoiyeneba savele kabelis gaSlisa da daxvevisaTvis. igi Seicavs 400m sigrZis (1/4 mili) savele kabels. koWa montaJdeba RL-39 xarixaze. b) MX-306 kabelis Sesanaxi yuTi _ Seicavs, daaxloebiT, 800 metri sigrZis (1/2 mili) WD-1 TT kabels. esaa cilindris formis kanvis yuTi. kabelis gaSla SesaZlebelia lulisqveSa yumbarsatyorcnis yumbaris an yumbarmtyorcnis saswavlo Wurvis meSveobiT. warmoadgens sabrZolo aRWurvilobas (nax. 8-16). g) DR-4 koWa _ esaa liTonis koWa, romelic gamoiyeneba savele kabelis gadatanis, gaSlisa da daxvevisaTvis. Seicavs daaxloebiT 2150m sigrZis savele kabels (nax. 8-14).

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nax. 8-14 DR-4 koWa nax. 8-15 DR-1-ze DR-5

nax. 8-16 MX-306 kabelis yuTi

d) DR-5 koWa _ es aris liTonis koWa, romelic montaJdeba RL-31 xarixaze. is gamoiyeneba savele kabelis Senaxvis, gadatanis, gaSlisa da daxvevisaTvis. Mmasze exveva 4022 m (2.5 mili) sigrZis savele kabeli (nax. 8-15). e) RL-159/U koWa _ es aris liTonis koWa, romelic gamoiyeneba savele kabelis Senaxvis, gadatanis, gaSlisa da daxvevisaTvis. igi Seicavs 1609m (1 mili) sigrZis savele kabels. MmontaJdeba RL-31 xarixaze an RL-27 RerZze. 2) kabelis koWas xarixebi: a) CE-11 samkerde xarixis kompleqti _ es aris msubuqi, portatiuli kompleqti, romelic Sedgeba RL-39 xarixa da induqtoruli telefonisagan. RL-39 xarixis RerZze montaJdeba, DR-8 koWa, romelzec daxveulia 400m sigrZis WD-1/TT kabeli. xarixas gaaCnia sami Rvedi: telefonis satarebeli ST-33 Rvedi, xarixis satarebeli ST-34 Rvedi da welis ST-35 Rvedi. maTi sigrZe regulirdeba. kabelis gaSlisa da daxvevisas SesaZlebelia xarixis gamoyeneba sayrdenad. koWaze ganTavsebuli induqtoruli telefonis kabelis damWerebi uerTdeba koWaze arsebul samagrebs da SesaZlebeli xdeba satelefono kavSiris warmoeba. b) RL-27 RerZi _ es aris martivi xelsawyo, romelic kabelis koWasTan erTad gamoiyeneba savele kabelis gaSlisa da daxvevisaTvis. RerZi warmoadgens 75sm sigrZis liTonis Reros, romelsac aqvs ori saxeluri xrutuna meqanizmiT. damzadebulia ise, rom Camoecvas DR-4 an RL-159/UkoWas. RerZisa da kabelis gadatanisaTvis saWiroa ori adamiani. d) RL-31 xarixa _ damzadebulia msubuqi liTonisgan aso A-s formiT. aqvs: Stativi, jvaredini Tokebi, RerZi, satrialebeli saxeluri, samuxruWe mowyobiloba da gadasatani saxelurebi. xarixaze SesaZlebelia 2 cali RL-159, DR-4-is, an 1 cali DR-5-is damontaJeba. 3) mekabeles aRWurviloba a) mekabeles TE-33 xelsawyoTa kompleqti _ gamoiyeneba kabelis gadasaWrelad da izolaciis mosacileblad. kompleqti moTavsebulia CS-34, selis an tyavis SaliTaSi da Sedgeba mWreli marwuxisa (TL-13) da mravalfunqciuri danisagan (TL-29). aRniSnuli kompleqti warmoadgens mekabeles yvelaze did damxmares, romelic mas yovelTvis Tan unda hqondes. b) xazis etiketi _ xazis etiketze naCvenebia Tu romelma qvedanayofma gamarTa da romel qvedanayofs ekuTvnis igi. yoveli qvedanayofi pasuxismgebelia sakuTar xazze etiketebis damagrebaze. etiketebis kideebi, qvedanayofebis miTiTebis mizniT, aRniSnulia WdeebiT an gaferadebulia, ,,kavSiris warmoebis instruqciis” Sesabamisad. Eetiketebze arsebuli cifrebis ori jgufidan pirveli aRniSnavs qselis nomers, meore ki _ xazis gammarTavi qvedanayofis kods. etiketebis gamoyenebis adgilebia: I. gza, rkinigza, sarkinigzo kvanZebisa da xidebis gasasvleli; II. kavSirgabmulobis kvanZebi (Sida da gare); III. satelefono, sakomutatoro da momsaxurebis terminalebTan dakavSirebis adgilebi; IV. miwaSi Cafluli da dakiduli kabelebis gadasasvlelebi; V. adgilebSi, sadac iSleba kabeli an icvleba xazis gamarTvis meTodi;

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VI. miwis zedapirze kabelis gaSlidan kabelis miwaSi CaflobiT xazis gamarTvaze gadasvlisas; VII. kabelis miwaSi CaflobiT xazis gamarTvidan miwis zedapirze xazis gaSlaze gadasvlisas. VIII. im adgilas, sadac xdeba xazis gancalkeveba mTavari trasidan. d. savele telefonebi: 1) TS-10 induqtoruli telefoni: am telefons muSaobisTvis ar sWirdeba aranairi denis simZlavre, mas warmoqmnis magniturad momuSave mikrotelefoni da boloSi (wverSi) erTi wyvili Tasmis marwuxi, rac xazis boloze misamagrebladaa gamoyenebuli. kavSiris manZili 5-8 km-ia. mikrofonis dazianebisas, kavSiris uzrunvelyofa SeuZlia sayurisidan saubars da mosmenas. am SemTxvevaSi kavSiris manZili daecema 3km-mde. telefoni mudmivad yurTan axlos da yelzea dakiduli. igi samkerde CE xarixis erTi nawilia. 2) aselsan 6200 seriis savele telefoni: mas awarmoebs aselsani. misi korpusi mwvane bakelitia. arsebobs am telefonis ori modeli: FT-6201 (uRilako) da FT-6202 (Rilakiani). a) teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi: I. samuSao reJimebi: LB, CB, CBS. II. kavSiris manZili WD-1/TT kabeliT: 35km III. kvebis wyaro: 3 cali BA-30 batarea an gare kveba _ 4.5-6 V mudmivi deni IV. wona: 1.5 kg b) telefonis nawilebi: I) mikrotelefoni: saubrisas xeli unda daeWiros tankets, mosmenisas _ unda auSvaT. korpusTan mimagrebulia spiraluri formis sadeniT. mikrotelefoni mWidrod unda Caisvas mis adgilze _ korpusSi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi magnituri impulsis miRebisas zaris xmas ar gamoscems. II) korpusi: - gamoZaxebis Rilaki _ masze daWerisas igzavneba magneturi impulsi; - ciferblati _ avtomatur centralur sadgurebSi gamoyenebisas masze warmoebs nomris akrefa; - L1, L2 Rilaki _ gamoiyeneba sadenebis telefonTan SesaerTeblad. am Rilakze daWerisas, sadenis bolo RilakSi Tavisuflad Sedis, xelis aSvebisas _ Caiketeba. - gangaSis SemTxvevaSi inTeba wiTeli naTura telefoni gamoscems xmovan signals. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xma arasasurvelia, korpusis gverdiTa mxares arsebuli xmis maregulirebeli Rilaki ,,OFF” poziciaSi unda davayenoT da maSin operators gangaSi mxolod naTuriT ecnobeba. rodesac ar gindaT naTuris gamoyeneba, mas daaxuravT gverdiT mdebare Sav sarqvels. - EXT-INT Rilaki _ rodesac telefoni muSaobs BA-30 batareaze, maSin Rilaki ,,INT“ poziciaSia, xolo rodesac telefonis muSaobisTvis gareSe kvebaa gamoyenebuli _ Rilaki ,,EXT“ mdgomareobaSi gadadis. e. kabelis dazianebebi da kabelebis damagreba 1) kabelis dazianebebi: a) mokle CarTva _ warmoiSoba wyvili (sapirispiro polusebiani) gamtaris erTmaneTTan SexebiT. mokle CarTva, umravles SemTxvevaSi, gamowveulia gamtarebis dazianebiT an sdenebis daWimviT. mokle CarTva iwvevs kavSiris Sewyvetas an gadacemisa da miRebis dasustebas. b) Ria qseli _ es aris gayvanilobis sadenis (erTis an orive maTganis) gawyveta. Ria qseli, umravles SemTxvevaSi, xdeba grZel manZilze dakidul xazebze an didi daWimulobis qveS myof wertilebSi. Ria qselis SemTxvevaSi srulad wydeba kavSiri. g) miwaSi gasuli qseli _ igi warmoiqmneba maSin, rodesac gayvanilobiTi qselis erTi an ori gamtari wydeba da exeba miwas an miwaze myof raime sagans. qselis miwaSi gasvlis mizezi SeiZleba iyos sadenis izolaciis darRveva an sadenis uxarisxo SeerTeba. qselis miwaSi gasvla, rogorc wesi, xdeba wvimian amindSi, svel da nestian adgilebze gayvanil xazebze. aseTi CarTva kavSirs ar wyvets, mxolod xmaurs iwvevs. d) qselebis Sereva _ warmoiqmneba ori sxvadasxva qselis sadenebis erTmaneTTan Sexebisas. aseTi Sexeba, ufro xSirad iseT wertilebSi, sadac ramdenime wyvili sadeni erTad iyris Tavs. am dros xdeba satelefono saubrebis erTmaneTSi areva. 2) savele kabelebis damagreba kabelebis adgilze dasamagreblad, agreTve kabelis aparatTan SeerTebis adgilze an gayvanilobis bolo wertilSi arsebuli daWimulobis Sesamcireblad gamoiyeneba savele kabelis kvanZebi. yvela kvanZi keTdeba kabelebis gadaWris gareSe. Ees, saSualebas

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iZleva, swrafad gaimarTos da aewyos savele gayvanilobis xazebi. savele gayvanilobis gasamarTavad mravalnairi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis kvanZi. v. satelefono saubris wesebi satelefono saubrebis warmarTva dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs drois momWirned xarjvas. wesebis ugulebelyofa iwvevs dagvianebas, areulobas da arasaimedobas. 1) satelefono saubris wesebis dadebiTi mxareebi: a) drois ekonomia; b) drois mocemul monakveTSi ufro meti abonentis saubris SesaZlebloba; g) im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowinaaRmdege gismenT, misTvis ufro naklebi informaciis micema. 2) aucilebeli wesebi, romlebic unda daicvan abonentebma satelefono saubris dros: a) satelefono saubari gasagebi da mokle unda iyos; b) Znelad gasagebi sityvebi unda ganmeordes an daimarcvlos. g) abonentebTan dakavSireba unda moxdes satelefono cnobarSi arsebuli saxelisa da nomris Sesabamisad; d) telefoniT dauSvebelia saidumlo da sruliad saidumlo informaciis gadacema; e) saubris dawyebamde abonentebi acnoben Tavs wodebisa da saxelis wardgeniT; v) saubris dasrulebis Sesaxeb abonentebma unda Seatyobinon centraluri satelefono sadgurs.

Mnawili IX

Ppiradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobada pirveladi daxmareba

1. arsi: pirveladi daxmareba: es aris daxmareba, romelic unda Cautardes avadmyofebsa da daWrilebs, sanam maT SemTxvevis adgilidan stacionaruli mkurnalobis adgilze. piradma Semadgenlobam mudmivad Tan unda ataros pirveladi daxmarebis paketi (sabrZolo paketi) (nax. 9-1). Ees paketebi, ZiriTadad, Seicavs pirveladi daxmarebis safenebsa da saxvevebs.

nax. 9-1 pirveladi daxmarebis paketi (sabrZolo paketi)

2. sicocxlis gadarCenis RonisZiebebi: adamianis daWrisas dauyovnebliv unda ganxorcieldes qvemoT CamoTvlili RonisZiebebi: a. unda gasufTavdes sasunTqi gzebi, Semowmdes guliscema. Tu guliscema ar ismis, saWiroa misi aRdgena normalur mdgomareobamde; b. unda SeCerdes sisxldena; g. saWiroa Sokis Tavidan acileba.

3. sasunTqi gzebis gasufTaveba, guliscemis Semowmeba da gulis muSaobis aRdgena: a. sasunTqi gzebis gasufTaveba: Jangbadis ukmarisoba iwvevs guliscemis Senelebas. es mdgomareoba SeiZleba ramdenime wuTSi daWrilis sikvdilis mizezi gaxdes.

Tu guliscema ar aris (pulsi ar isinjeba): 1) daWrili piraRma unda daawvinoT da daiCoqoT mis TavTan;

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2) daWrils piri unda gauRoT da SeamowmoT piris Rru; 3) cali xeliT kefa dauWireT (kefa unda auwioT), meore xeli Sublze daadeT; aseT pozaSi Tavi zeviT-qveviT amoZraveT, Sublze daaweqiT. am moqmedebiT, gaTavisufldeba eniT daxSuli yeli da gaixsneba sasunTqi gza (nax. 9-2).

nax. 9-2 sasunTqi gzis gaTavisufleba

b. guliscemis Semowmeba: sasunTqi gzebis gaxsnis Semdeg, yuradRebiT unda mousminoT, sunTqavs Tu ara daWrili. (civ amindSi amis Semowmeba SeiZleba sarkis saSualebiT). amis Semdeg: 1) piradma Semadgenlobam, romelic pirvelad daxmarebas aRmouCens daWrils, yuri unda miitanos daWrilis pirTan da cxvirTan; 2) saWiroa dakvirveba _ moZraobs Tu ara daWrilis mkerdi zemoT-qvemoT; 3) saWiroa pulsis gasinjva; 4) sunTqva saxeze unda SeigrZnoT; 5) imis gasarkvevad _ sunTqavs Tu ara daWrili, 2-3 wm unda daelodoT; 6) Tu daWrili ver sunTqavs, saWiroa xelovnuri sunTqvis Catareba;

nax. 9-3 guliscemis Semowmeba

g. guliscemisa da sunTqvis aRdgena: Tu guliscema ar SeimCneva, daWrils unda gauRoT piri da CautaroT xelovnuri sunTqva (umjobesia, Tu daWrilisa da Tqven pirs Soris CadebT cxvirsaxocs an marlis qsovils). Semdeg iwyebT qvemoT CamoTvlili qmedebebis ganxorcielebas: 1) daWrils kefis qveS amoudebT xels. rodesac darwmundebiT, rom mas kiseri motexili ara aqvs, Tavs msubuqad gadauwevT ukan; 2) meore xeliT awvebiT Subls, Tavs ukan gadauwevT da amgvarad aTavisuflebT sasunTq gzebs; 3) imave xelis cera da saCvenebel TiTs mouWerT cxviris nestoebze. daWrils ena rom ar gadacdes da sasunTqi xvreli ar daucos, cxvirsaxociT an enis damWeriT ena gareT unda gamouwioT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Catarebul qmedebas araviTari sargebloba ar moaqvs. 4) piri farTod unda gauRoT. 5) Rrmad unda CaisunTqoT, piri daWrilis pirs daadoT, xolo tuCebiT _ ar unda dauSvaT haeris gaparva (Tu daWrili fizikurad patara adamiania, an bavSvia, maSin Tqveni tuCebiT daifareba misi piri da cxviri). 6) daWrils pirSi Rrmad uberavT Tqvens mier CasunTqul haers; 7) es procesi meordeba 3-5 wamSi erTxel; 8) piri Zvel mdgomareobaSi mogyavT; Tavs moutrialebT da usmenT, amowmebT _ sunTqavs Tu ara daWrili.

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nax. 9-4 xelovnuri sunTqva

9) es saSualeba SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes yovel 5 wamSi, anu, wuTSi 12-jer, normaluri sunTqvis dabrunebamde. Tvla unda awarmooT Semdegnairad: aTas erTi, aTas ori, aTas sami, aTas oTxi, Semdeg atarebT xelovnur sunTqvas. isev daTvaleT _ aTas erTi, aTas ori da ase Semdeg, yovel 5 wamSi, CasunTqva-amosunTqvis ritmis misaRebad, mexuTe Tvlaze daWrils unda CaberoT haeri. Tu pirveli Cabervisas, daWrilis pirSi winaaRmdegoba igrZeniT, maSinve Tavi isev Zvel poziciaSi unda daubrunoT da kidev scadoT. Tu igrZeniT, rom daWrils muceli Seberili aqvs (kuWSi haeri Sevida), erTi xeliT mucelze unda daawveT, haeri gamova da Seberiloba gaivlis. am dros Tu daWrils guli aeria, maSinve gverdze unda gadaatrialoT, piri mouwmindoT da isev gaagrZeloT xelovnuri sunTqva. daWrili, erTi SexedviT, Tu aRar sunTqavs, guliscema ar ismis, unda dadgindes, rodis Sewyda sicocxle. Tu xuTi wuTia gasuli, aranair Zalisxmevas aRar unda mimarToT. d. guliscemis Semowmeba: SemTxvevis adgilze jer unda Semowmdes, sunTqavs Tu ara daWrili da ucems Tu ara mas guli. amave dros, Tanmimdevrulad, unda ganaxorcieloT Semdegi moqmedebebi: 1) daWrili unda daawvinoT piraRma myar adgilze, fexebi unda auwioT 15 sm-iT zeviT (fexqveS SeiZleba amoudoT pledi, foladis Cafxuti, xe, qva da sxv.); 2) TiTebi unda daadoT yelze; 3) mozebnoT xorxi; 4) am adgilidan TiTebi qveviT unda CaacuroT. im adgilze, sadac axla TiTebia, aortidan SeiZleba pulsis SegrZneba (nax. 9-5).

nax. 9-5 guliscemis Semowmeba

e. guliscemis aRdgena normalur mdgomareobaSi: gulis gare masaJi Zalian swrafad unda daiwyoT, Torem sisxls SeiZleba Jangbadi gamoecalos da tvini samudamod daziandes. qvemoT mocemulia uJangbadobiT gamowveuli tvinis dazianebebi:

uJangbadobiT gamowveuli tvinis dazianebebi

0-3 wT ganmavlobaSi: savaraudoa tvinis dazianeba 3-5 wT ganmavlobaSi: SesaZlebelia tvinis dazianeba 5-10 wT ganmavlobaSi: ueWvelia tvinis dazianeba

cxrili 9-1 uJangbadobiT gamowveuli tvinis dazianebebi

gulis garegani masaJis saSualebiT daWrili iwyebs normalur sunTqvas. amave dros, gulTan erTad normalur funqcionirebas iwyebs gulmkerdi. sisxlis nakadi filtvebidan vrceldeba tvinsa da mTel organizmSi.

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xelovnuri sunTqvisa da gulis garegani masaJis erTdrouli gamoyenebiT xdeba gul-filtvebis gamococxleba. es procedura xorcieldeba qvemoT CamoTvlili TanmimdevrobiT: 1) unda daiCoqoT daWrilis gverdiT; 2) seriulad, oTxi Zlieri CaberviT, daWrils uberavT haers, rac uzrunvelyofs filtvebis haeriT avsebas. am dros daWrilis Tavi msubuqad ukan unda iyos gadaweuli da sasunTqi gza Tavisufali. gulmkerdis qveda bolodan ori TiTiT zemoT unda SearCioT adgili da zed xeli daadoT (nax. 9-6); 3) daWrilis mkerdis Zvalze dadebul xels zemodan meore xeli unda daadoT, TiTebi erTmaneTs gadaaWdoT da orive xeliT mkerds 40-50-jer daawveT (masaJi); 4) idayvebi odnav win unda daxaroT. 5) rodesac daWrils mkerdze awvebiT, xelebi, idayvebSi mouxrelad, 4-5 sm zeviT-qveviT moZraobs (nax. 9-7).

nax. 9-6 gulmkerdis adgilis nax. 9-7 filtvebis gavseba da povna gulmkerdze zewola (masaJi)

6) Tu daWrilma sunTqva daiwyo, maSin mas utardeba gilis masaJi 15-jer. Tu sunTqvac da gulic gaCerda, maSin, monacvleobiT, 3-jer gulis masaJi da erTxel xelovnuri sunTqva. erT wuTSi, saSualod, 12 xelovnuri sunTqva keTdeba. es procesi SeiZleba gagrZeldes, sul cota, 5-8 wT.

SeniSvna: gulis masaJis dawyeba SeiZleba mas Semdeg, rac darwmundebiT, rom guli gaCerda. momuSave gulze masaJis gakeTeba ar SeiZleba (nax. 9-8).

Tu ori adamiani, erTdroulad, mzadaa masaJis gasakeTeblad, maSin, erTi xelovnur sunTqvas _ atarebs, xolo meore _ gulis masaJs. xelovnuri sunTqvis dros, yoveli xuTi masaJis Semdeg, daWrils erTxel CaberavT (5+1). es meTodi gamoiyeneba wuTSi 12-jer da procedura, minimum, 5-8 wT unda gagrZeldes. Tu pulsi ar aRdga, gulis masaJi unda SewyvitoT (nax. 9-9).

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nax. 9-8 swori poziciis gamoyeneba nax. 9-9 gacocxleba ori mSveleliT

4. sisxldenis SeCereba: Tu daWrili sunTqavs da guli ucems, upirveles yovlisa unda vecadoT sisxldenis SeCerebas. saWiroa vipovoT yvela Wriloba da maTi Semavali da gamomavali wertilebi _ orive erTdroulad (nax. 9-10).

nax. 9-10 wina da ukana Wrilobebis Semowmeba

mas Semdeg, rac yvela Wrilobas moZebniT, qvemoT CamoTvlilma moqmedebebma SesaZloa SeaCeros sisxldena:

a. Wriloba unda mowmindoT tamponiT. tansacmeli unda gaxadoT, an SemoaWraT. Wrilobas ar unda SeexoT. amas yuradReba unda miaqcioT tansacmlis gaxdis drosac.

b. Wrilobis adgilze unda daadoT pirveli daxmarebis saxvevebi (sabrZolo paketi). unda SeecadoT, rom Wriloba da saxvevi ar dabinZurdes. 1) qaRaldis saxvevs gadagrexT, gaxevT da amoiRebT mas rezinis konvertidan (nax. 9-11); 2) saxvevebs kecavT fenebad (am dros saxvevi Wrilobas ar unda Seexos) (nax.9-12); 3) safens adebT Wrilobas, mTlianad, saimedod da mWidrod da kvanZavT. Tu SesaZlebelia, kvanZi zed Wrilobaze ar unda iyos dadebuli (nax. 9-13, 9-14).

nax. 9-11 qaRaldis saxvevis nax. 9-12 safenis dakecva nax. 9-13 Wrilobaze safenis

gadagrexa dadeba

g. Tu Wrilobaze ısafenis frTxilad dadebis Semdeg sisxldena isev grZeldeba, safenze, zemodan, 5-10wT aWerT xels (nax. 9-15); d. sisxldenis SesaCereblad, safenis SigniT, zustad Wrilobaze, unda daedos tamponi da ise Seikras saxvevi. es uzrunvelyofs saxvevis Wrilobaze dawolas (nax. 9-16).

nax. 9-14 mWidro kvanZi nax. 9-15 safenze zemodan dawola

e. Tu Wriloba fexze an xelzea da sisxldena ar Cerdeba, maSin daWrili organo (xeli an fexi) zeviT unda aswioT ise, rom Wriloba gulis donidan 5-10 sm zemoT aRmoCndes. es SeaCerebs an Seanelebs sisxldenas. Tu kiduri motexilia, maSin misi zemoT aweva xdeba kidurze damagrebul fiqsatorTan erTad (nax. 9-17).

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nax. 9-16 safenze zemodan dawola nax. 9-17 fexebis zeviT aweva

v. Tu sisxli Cqefs, es niSnavs, rom dazianebulia arteria. aseTi sisxldenis SesaCereblad, unda daawveT sxeuls Wrilobis zeviT. sisxlZarRvebze aseTi zewola uzrunvelyofs gulidan momavali sisxlis nakadis Senelebas an SeCerebas. arteriidan sisxldenis SesaCereblad sxeulze zewolisTvis gamoyenebuli saukeTeso wertilebi 9-18 naxatzea naCvenebi. z. Tu sisxldena xangrZlivia, Sesabamis wertilze zewolis Semdeg gamoiyeneba laxti. is ideba Wrilobasa da dazianebuli urganos tanTan SemaerTebel saxsars Soris. T. Tu SesaZlebelia, im xnis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac daWrils laxti adevs, mas Sublze unda daedos ,,T“ formis niSani. amis Semdeg, daWrili saswrafod unda iqnes gadayvanili pirveli daxmarebis sadgurSi. laxtis dadebisas fiqsirdeba laxtis dadebis droc. i. xelsa da fexze laxti gamoiyeneba im adgilebSi, sadac erTi Zvalia (nax. 9-19).

nax. 9-18 zewolisaTvis gamosayenebeli wertilebi

nax. 9-19 laxtis dadeba

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5. Sokis Tavidan acileba: Soki organizmis ukiduresad uRono mdgomareobaa, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes sikvdilis mizezi. Sokis simptomebia: ofliani, magram civi sxeuli, yviTeli laqebi kanze, kankali, mRelvareba, sisxlis da gonebis dakargva, pulsis aCqareba, tuCebis kuTxeebis galurjeba, gulisreva, pirRebineba. SokSi myofi daWrili mSvidi, daRlili an aRelvebuli gamoiyureba. kani civi, webovani aqvs, oflianobs, sunTqva uwydeba, piris garSemo uCndeba laqebi an galurjebebi. daWrilis mimarT, pirvel rigSi, tardeba sicocxlis gadarCenis RonisZiebebi (xelovnuri sunTqva da gulis masaJi). Semdeg, unda daakvirdeT, aReniSneba Tu ara Sokis simptomebi. Tu igi SokSia an Sokis simptomebi aReniSneba, dauyovnebliv unda iqnes miRebuli sawinaaRmdego zomebi. Sokis awinaaRmdego zomebis gansaxorcieleblad daWrils jer unda gauxsnaT (an SemoaWraT) tansacmeli yelze, welze an nebismier adgilze, sadac SesaZlebelia igi abrkolebdes sisxlis mimoqcevas. (nax. 9-20).

nax. 9-20 pirveli daxmareba Sokis dros

rodesac daWrils uwevT daxmarebas, saWiroa mSvidad yofna, Semdeg ki, daWrilisTvis aucilebeli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. igi unda daawvinoT moxerxebul, wynar adgilze da fexebi 15-20sm zeviT auwioT. Tu daWrils goneba dakarguli ara aqvs, unda mieyrdnos xes an kedels. rodesac daWrili ugonodaa, igi gverdze unda gadaabrunoT _ muceli da Tavi gverdze unda miutrialoT. Tu Wriloba Tavze aqvs, maSin Tavi tanze ufro maRla unda auwioT. rodesac saxeze an yelSia daWrili, maSin igi Zirs unda daawvinoT, an im poziciaSi moaTavsoT, romelic saWiroa ugono mdgomareobaSi myofisTvis aucilebeli zomebis Casatareblad. Tu Wriloba mkerdSia miyenebuli, Wrilobis qvemoT unda mouWiroT xeli da Wrilobas zemodan daawveT. rodesac Wriloba muclis areSia, daWrili piraRma unda daawvinoT, Tavi gverdze miutrialoT da fexebi mucelTan miutanoT.

6. daWrilisTvis safenis dadeba da Sexveva: imisaTvis, rom daWrili gamojanmrTeldes, saWiroa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Wrilobis dabinZureba. sisxldenis SesaCereblad da Wrilobis dasacavad, igi unda Seixvios. pirveladi daxmarebis paketSi arsebuli safeniT da saxvevebiT _ maTi gamoyenebis wesebis dacviT _ xdeba Wrilobaze maTi dafena da Sexveva. Sexvevisas gamoiyeneba sterilizebuli (dezinficirebuli) tamponebi da bandi. Sexveva yovelTvis xdeba.

pirveli daxmarebis, gadaxvevebisa da mkurnalobis dros Wriloba bandiT mWidrod unda SeaxvioT (nax. 9-21). Sesaxvevad SesaZlebelia sufTa naWris an tansacmlis gamoyenebac.

nax. 9-21 daWrilisTvis saxvevis dadeba da misi Sexveva

7. daWrilisTvis pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCena: daWrilisTvis pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCenisas Semdegi moqmedebebia gansaxorcielebeli: a. Careva unda ganxorcieldes droulad da panikis gareSe;

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b. pirveladi daxmarebis dawyebisas, daWrili unda daaimedoT. amasTanave, igi SeumCnevlad unda gasinjoT; g. daWrils utardeba sicocxlis gadarCenis RonisZiebebi (xelovnuri sunTqva, gulis masaJi);d. Tu daWrili gonze ar modis da Wriloba saxeze an tanze aqvs, maSin misi piraRma dawvena ar SeiZleba; e. rodesac daWrils tansacmels ver xdiT, igi makratliT an daniT unda SemoaWraT; v. ar SeiZleba dabinZurebuli Wrilobis xelis xleba; z. ar SeiZleba Wrilobaze dadebuli saxvevisa da bandis moxsna; T. Tu laxtia dadebuli, unda miaqcioT yuradReba, rom ar iyos moSvebuli; i. motexilobis SemTxvevebSi (rodesac daWrils motexiloba aReniSneba), daWrilis ganZreva da gadayvana ar SeiZleba manam, sanam motexili adgili ar dafiqsirdeba joxiT an raime myari sagniT. motexilobis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac motexili Zvlis boloebi gareTaa gamosuli, maTi dafiqsireba ar SeiZleba. nu SeecdebiT Tavis adgilze moaTavsoT Zvlis motexili nawilebi; k. im daWrilebisTvis, romlebic daWrili arian mucelSi an mkerdSi, dakarguli aqvT goneba an aReniSnebaT gulisreva da pirRebineba, ar SeiZleba sakvebisa da wylis micema; l. TavSi daWrilebis sxeulis zeda nawilebis ganZreva ar SeiZleba; m. nu SeecdebiT Tavis adgilze daabrunoT Wrilobidan gamosuli nawlavi, tvinis qsovili da sxva organoebi. Tu SesaZlebelia, maT zemodan unda daafaroT sufTa cxvirsaxoci, dolbandis naWeri (sveli); n. damwvrobisas wamliT mkurnaloba ar SeiZleba; o. Tu amis ukiduresi aucilebloba ar aris, nu gamoiyenebT pirveli daxmarebis im saSualebebs, romlebic TqvenTvis ucnobia; p. pirveli daxmarebis CanTaSi gamosayenebeli masalis Cawyobisas, maT adgilebs nu arevT.

8. piradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobis dacva: piradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobis dacva gulisxmobs martivi da praqtikuli wesebis dacvas. sisufTave, piradi higiena janmrTeli cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. piradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobis dacvis mniSvneloba SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes: a. uzrunvelyofs qronikuli da gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis, agreTve mikrobebisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevis (imuniteti). b. daavadebis gamomwvevi moqmedebis gadadebis Tavidan acileba. g. piradi Semadgenlobis janmrTelobis dacva. d. piradi Semadgenlobis moraluri mdgomareobis ganmtkiceba-amaRleba.

9. piradi Semadgenlobis sanitaruli mdgomareoba: a. kani: sxeuli Tavidan bolomde wyliTa da sapniT unda daibanoT. b. Tmebi: Tmebi sufTa, davarcxnili da gasworebuli unda gqondeT. Tavi da Tmebi sul mcire, kviraSi erTxel unda daibanoT sapniani wyliT. xSirad unda gaiparsoT. Tqveni saparsi mowyobiloba da savarcxeli sxvam ar unda gamoiyenos. g. xelebi: xelebi kargad unda daibanoT: WuWyiani saqmeebis gakeTebis Semdeg, Wamis win, tualetSi yofnis Semdeg. frCxilebi yovelTvis mokle da sufTa unda iyos. ar SeiZleba xeliT cxviris CiCqna da tanis fxana. d. tansacmlis an loginis TeTreulis gaWuWyianebisas, SeZlebisdagvarad SeecadeT, garecxoT isini; Tu amis saSualeba ar aris, maSin WuWyiani Casacmeli da loginis TeTreuli gafineT mzeze, riTac uzrunvelyofT maTze arsebuli mikrobebis mniSvnelovani raodenobis ganadgurebas.

10. pirisa da kbilebis movla: pirisa da kbilebis gawmenda dagexmarebaT Tavidan aiciloT kbilebis dazianeba da RrZilebis daavadebebi. piris Rrus sijansaRis TvalsazrisiT, yoveli Wamis Semdeg kbilebis gaxexva Zalzed mniSvnelovania. Tu kbilis jagrisi ar gaqvT, maSin kbilebi unda gaiwmindoT kbilis saCiCqni CxiriT. kbilebs Soris saWmlis narCenebisagan gasawmendad SeiZleba kbilis saCiCqni Cxirisa da kbilis gasawmendi Zafis gamoyeneba.

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nax. 9-22 windebis gamocvla da fexis talkis gamoyeneba

11. fexebis movla: fexebi yoveldRe unda daibanoT da gaimSraloT. fexis talkis gamoyeneba, garda imisa, rom dagexmarebaT fexze arsebuli mikrobebis ganadgurebaSi, Seamcirebs fexis kanze arsebul infeqciebs da Tavidan agaSorebT fexis oflianobas (nax. 9-22). windebi yoveldRe unda gamoicvaloT. fexsacmelebi mTeli dRe sufTa unda iyos (Tu amis saSualebaa). windebi unda gairecxos (Tu aris) cxeli wyliTa da sarecxi sapniT (Tu ar aris, kargad aqafebuli sarecxi fxvniliT).

12. sakvebi da sasmeli: imisaTvis, rom sxeuli janmrTeli iyos da ganviTardes, aucilebelia : a. cilebi b. cximebi da naxSirwylebi g. mineralebi d. vitaminebi e. wyali v. zomieri da jansaRi kveba, ZiriTadad damokidebulia sakvebi produqtebis mravalferovnebaze: Tu SesaZlebelia, xorci civ adgilas unda moaTavsoT. sakvebi unda akmayofilebdes energiis moTxovnilebas, advilad mosanelebeli da gemrieli unda iyos. unda eridoT zedmet tkbileulobas, alkoholian sasmelebs da sxva msgavs produqtebs. z. sasmeli wyali unda aiRoT an wyaroebidan, an miiRoT wylis gamwmend saSualebebTan erTad. mdinareebis, xeobebisa da nakadulebis wyali sasmelad damakmayofilebelia. 1) maTara wyliT ivseba (yuradReba miaqcieT imas, rom maTaraSi ar iyos nagavi an sxva ucxo sxeulebi). 2) erTi litri wylis gasawmendad saWiroa erTi abi wylis gamwmendi. Tu wyali civi an amRvreulia, maSin litris meoTxedisaTvis saWiroa ori abi (Tu aseTi abebi ar gaqvT, maSin wyali, sul mcire, 5 wT duRilis Semdeg unda dalioT). 3) maTaras Tavsaxuri unda exurebodes. 4) xuTi wuTi unda daicadoT. 5) maTara kargad unda SeanjRrioT raTa garkveuli raodenobis wyali gadmovides. 6) Tavi kargad unda mouWiroT. 7) wylis dalevamde unda moicadoT, sul cota, 20wT. 8) rodesac ar gaqvT wylis gamwmendi abi, erT litr wyalSi unda CaawveToT 2-3 wveTi qloriani kiris xsnari. naxevari saaTis Semdeg wyali gasufTavdeba da sasmelad vargisi gaxdeba.

13. varjiSi: kunTebisa da Zvlebis amuSaveba uzrunvelyofs rogorc fizikur, aseve fsiqologiur sijansaRes. fizikuri varjiSi, sxeulis sijansaResTan erTad, zrdis organizmis kunTebis moculobas da maT funqcias. daavadebisa da daWris SemTxvevebSi aseTi organizmi ufro iolad gamojanmrTeldeba. dagegmili fizikuri varjiSebi srulyofils xdis profesionalur azrovnebas da mondomebas, ganamtkicebs sakuTari Tavis rwmenas. fizikuri varjiSebi daexmareba pirad Semadgenlobas, misi kunTebi da sxeuli mzad iyos momavali brZolisTvis.

14. dasveneba: fizikuri da fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, organizms garkveuli SualedebiT dasveneba esaWiroeba. DdaRlilobisas xdeba organizmis funqciebis daqveiTeba, misi cxovelmoqmedeba normalurze ufro dabal doneze dadis. aseT dros organizms ufro advilad ereva daavadebebi. brZolis dros Zili da dasveneba SesaZlebelia mxolod Sesvenebis Sualedebisa da Tavisufal dros.

15. gonebis (tvinis) sijansaRe:

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moqmedeba _P es aris azrovneba, romelsac forma aqvs Secvlili. Tu saqme iciT, maSin SesaZlebelia swrafi da Sedegiani moqmedeba. moqmedebisas, Tu Zlieri da darwmunebuli ar xarT, es gamoiwvevs Tqvens yoymans da gaarTulebs Tqvens mier kategoriuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas. Tqveni azrovneba aucileblad sxarti unda iyos. brZolisas unda gjerodeT sakuTari Zalis da unda endobodeT sakuTar Tavs. SiSi da mRelvareba adamianis Sinagani instiqtebia. adamianis fizikuri da fsiqologiuri (gonebrivi) mdgomareoba erTmaneTzea damokidebuli. yuradRebiT da fxizlad yofna Zlier dagexmarebaT moqmedebaSi. mRelvarebisas adamianis Tvalis gugebi farTovdeba da amis gamo, mas ufro didi farTobis danaxva SeuZlia. es, Tavis mxriv, uzrunvelyofs moqmedebebis ufro advilad Tvalyuris debnebas. amasTanave, zedmeti Relva iwvevs guliscemis gaZlierebas. aseTi viTareba ki mavnebelia pirovnebisTvis. amitom, mRelvareba unda gaakontroloT da TqvenTvis sasargeblod gamoiyenoT. piradma Semadgenlobam ar unda dauSvas, rom sizmrebma igi SiSisa da mRelvarebis pirispir datovos. yoveli samxedro mosamsaxure koleqtivis nawilia. erTi meores exmareba. sxeulis daRlisas goneba unda daZaboT da mSvidad iazrovnoT. MmRelvareba, mzardi problemebi da mizezebi arTulebs imis gaazrebas, Tu sizmari ra (romel) realobas warmoadgens. Tu raime gawuxebT, es meTaurs unda uTxraT, Tumca, man SeiZleba ver gadaWras misadmi daqvemdebarebuli samxedroebis problemebi.

16. daavadebebisgan piradi Semadgenlobis mier sakuTari Tavisa da garemos dacva: a. ar SeiZleba sakvebisa da sasmelis gamoyeneba ucnobi wyaroebidan; b. dauSvebelia garemos dabinZureba eqskrementebiT (unda gamoiyenoT tualeti da ormo); g. ar CaidoT pirSi TiTebi da WuWyiani nivTierebebi; d. yvelanairi dabinZurebis Semdeg, xelebi unda daibanoT (saWmlis momzadebamde an raimes Wamamde, pirisa da kbilebis gaxexvamde); e. yoveli Wamis Semdeg mTeli WurWeli unda gairecxos; v. mwerebis kbenisgan Tavdasacavad, unda CaicvaT damcavi tansacmeli da gamoiyenoT mwerebis gamanadgurebeli wamlebi; z. saWiroa Tavdacva gaciebisgan; T. pirad Semadgenlobas ar SeiZleba saerTo hqondes piradi higienis sagnebi (maTara, sastveni, kbilis jagrisi, sabanao xalaTi, pirsaxoci da saparsi mowyobiloba); i. dauSvebelia garemoSi sakvebis narCenebis datoveba; k. qariSxlis dros Zili ar SeiZleba.

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