Tavisuflebis instituti, 2005

informaciis Tavisufleba

crjkbcspecifika

Tavisuflebis instituti

Tbilisi

2005

informaciis

Tavisufleba

4 vimedovnebT, rom es broSura Seasru-

lebs gzamkvlevis rols informaciis

Tavisuflebis sferoSi. aq SeZlebT ixi-

loT mokle mimoxilva Semdeg sakiTxeb-

ze: informaciis Tavisuflebis prob-

lematika saxelmwifoebriv doneze; is

samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi, romlebic

dResdReobiT informaciis Tavisuf-

lebas aregulireben saqarTveloSi; in-

formaciis Tavisuflebis problemati-

ka skolaSi; informaciis Tavisuflebis

praqtika skolaSi da bolos, ixilavT

tests, romlis saSualebiTac SegiZli-

aT Tqvens skolaSi adamianTa uflebe-

bis dacvis sferoSi arsebuli mdgoma-

reobis realuri suraTi miiRoT.

ISBN 99940-714-5-9

Westminster Foundationfor Democracy

gzamkvlevi gamocemulia `vestminste-

ris fondis demokratiisaTvis~ (Westmin-

ster Foundation for Democracy) da `me-19 mux-

lis~ (Article 19) finansuri daxmarebiT.

miuxedavad amisa, masSi gamoTqmuli mo-

sazrebebi SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes

`vestminsteris fondis demokratii-

saTvis~ (Westminster Foundation for Democra-

cy) da `me-19 muxlis~ (Article 19) ofici-

alur pozicias.

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7

informaciis Tavisuflebis roli

informaciis Tavisuflebas adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis CamonaTvalSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili

ukavia. informaciis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofazea damokide-

buli adamianis sxva ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis

dacva.

informaciis Tavisufleba moicavs informaciis Zebnas, mopo-

vebasa da miRebas (pasiuri informaciis Tavisufleba) aseve in-

formaciis gadacemasa da gavrcelebas (aqtiuri informaciis Ta-

visufleba).

amgvarad, erTis mxriv es aris ufleba miviRoT informacia,

meores mxriv ki informaciis Tavisufleba moisazreba rogorc

azris gamoxatvis uflebis erT-erTi Semadgeneli komponenti da

gulisxmobs informaciis gavrcelebis uflebas. informaciis Ta-

visufleba aris azris gamoxatvis uflebis winapiroba, radganac

imisaTvis, raTa adamians Camouyalibdes obieqturi xedva ama Tu

im sakiTxis mimarT, saWiroa, man pirvel rigSi miiRos Sesabamisi

informacia.

xalxis mier xelisuflebis kontroli ver ganxorcieldeba,

Tuki sazogadoeba ar iqneba informirebuli saxelmwifo organo-

Ta saqmianobis Sesaxeb. im sazogadoebaSi, romelsac sakmarisi in-

formacia ar miewodeba saxelmwifo organoebis Sesaxeb, demokra-

tia mxolod moCvenebiT kategoriad Camoyalibdeba.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

8 raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli

problematika saxelmwifo doneze?

saxelmwifo sistemis normalur funqcionirebas dRevandel

saqarTveloSi safrTxes is ki ar uqmnis, rom gamWvirvalobis Sem-

TxvevaSi moqalaqeTa mozRvavebuli interesis Sedegad maTi para-

lizeba moxdeba, aramed piriqiT _ sazogadoebis TiTqmis sruli

samoqalaqo nihilizmi da politikuri indiferentuloba.

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosagan xalxis gaucxoebas xangrZlivi

istoriuli tradicia aqvs. TiTqmis 600 weli ar gvicxovria erTian

da damoukidebel saxelmwifoSi. bolo 200 weli qarTuli saxel-

mwifoebriobis wyvetas hqonda adgili, xolo ukanaskneli 70 weli

totalitaruli sistemis marwuxebSi viyaviT moqceulebi. 1990

wels aRdgenil saxelmwifoebriobas 1991-92 wlebSi momxdari sa-

moqalaqo omis gamo sazogadoebis sakmaod didi nawili aralegi-

timurad miiCnevda.

1995 wlis konstituciam qarTul saxelmwifos erTgvari legi-

timuroba SesZina. miuxedavad amisa, xelisuflebis institutebSi

gabatonebuli korufcia da ganukiTxaoba xels uSlis saqar-

Tvelos moqalaqeebs qarTuli saxelmwifo sakuTar qveynad CaT-

valon, xolo saxelmwifo saqme ki sazogadoebis yvela wevris pi-

rad saqmed miiCnion.

sazogadoebis TvalSi xelisufleba da misi msaxurni erTgvar

daxurul kastad aRiqmebian. xalxi Tanamdebobis pirTa yovel na-

bijs undoblobiTa da cinizmiT uyurebs. saxelmwifo moxeleTa

sityvebisa da saqmeebis ukan piradi interesebis Zebna ukve koleq-

tiuri paranoiis formas iRebs.

xalxisa da xelisuflebis gaucxoeba politikuri institu-

tebis erozias iwvevs da uaRresad saxifaToa axalgazrda qar-

Tuli saxelmwifosaTvis. im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca Tanamdebobis

pirebi xalxis interesebis Sesabamisad moqmedeben, oficialuri

politika sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis absoluturad gauge-

baria, zogjer ki _ kategoriuliad miuRebeli.

yovelive amas erTi ZiriTadi mizezi aqvs: dRevandel saqarT-

veloSi moqalaqeebs, rogorc wesi, ar esmiT sakuTari saxelm-

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9wifosi. xelisuflebis Sesaxeb adekvaturi informaciis uqonlo-

bis pirobebSi sazogadoeba Zveli stereotipebiT xelmZRvane-

lobs. aqedan gamomdinare, samTavrobo informaciis xelmisawv-

domobis mniSvneloba saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi

dResaviT naTeli unda iyos.

axal qarTul saxelmwifoSi xalxsa da xelisuflebas Soris

gaucxoebis tradiciis dasaZlevad sakuTari moqalaqeebis ndobis

mopoveba SesaZlebeli rom gaxdes, sazogadoeba ufro aqtiurad

unda Caebas saxelmwifo sakiTxebis gadawyvetis procesSi.

mxolod mTavrobis gamWvirvaloba aRadgens xalxis ndobas sa-

xelmwifoebrivi institutebisadmi. sruli gamWvirvalobis piro-

bebSi gaifanteba sazogadoebis eWvebi da gaqreba Tanamdebobis

pirTa totaluri arakeTilsindisierebis stereotipi. mxolod

informaciis Tavisuflebis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli ganxorciel-

des demokratiis ideali _ saxelmwifo sistema Seqmnili xalxis

mier da xalxisaTvis.

ra sakanonmdeblo garantiebi icavs

informaciis Tavisuflebas saqarTveloSi?

informaciis Tavisuflebis upirvelesi garantia saqarTvelos

konstituciaa. konstituciis safuZvelze miRebuli kanonebia:

zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis mesame Tavi _ informaciis

Tavisufleba; kanoni saxelmwifo saidumloebis Sesaxeb; zogierTi

kanoni medicinisa da ekologiis sferoSi.

konstituciis 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians aqvs uf-

leba Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia. vinaidan Ta-

namedrove sazogadoebisaTvis saintereso informaciis erT-erT

ZiriTad wyaros aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba warmoadgens, kons-

tituciis 41-e muxlis pirveli nawili aRiarebs saqarTvelos yo-

veli moqalaqis uflebas kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaecnos sa-

xelmwifo dawesebulebaSi arsebul informacias, agreTve iq ar-

sebul oficialur dokumentebs, Tu isini ar Seicavs saxelmwifo,

profesiul, pirad an komerciul saidumloebas.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

10 Tu konstituciis 41-e muxlis pirveli nawili Ria mTavrobis

princips amkvidrebs, amave muxlis meore nawilis safuZvelze

oficialur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSi-

rebulia adamianis janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebTan an sxva

kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi am ada-

mianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadgenili SemTxvevebisa.

es norma bunebrivad gamomdinareobs konstituciis me-20 muxliT

aRiarebuli principidan, romelic yoveli adamianis piradi cxov-

rebis xelSeuxeblobas icavs.

konstituciis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, adamians ufleba aqvs mi-

iRos sruli da obieqturi informacia misi samuSao da sacxovre-

beli garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

konstituciis Semdeg ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo aqti, romelic

aregulirebs moqalaqeTa uflebas daeswros sajaro dawesebule-

bebSi sxdomebs, Tavisuflad miuwvdebodeT xeli oficilur do-

kumentebze, agreTve sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb xelisuflebis xelT

arsebul informaciaze, aris zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis

mesame Tavi _ informaciis Tavisufleba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobis gamWvirvaleobis sferoSi

sxva kanonebic moqmedebs, aRniSnuli kodeqsis informaciis Tavi-

suflebis Tavi yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan da efeqtur samarT-

lebriv debulebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

bunebrivia, rac ufro farToa kanonis gamoyenebis sfero, miT

ufro didia interpretaciaTa diapazoni. viTarebas kidev ufro

arTulebs is garemoeba, rom zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis

informaciis Tavisuflebis Tavis garda moqmedebs sxva normati-

uli aqtebic, romelTa codna, marTalia, moqalaqes gancxadebis

Sedgenisas ar sWirdeba, magram Tanamdebobis pirisaTvis aris

aucilebeli gancxadebaze kanonieri da dasabuTebuli pasuxis

gasacemad.

gamWvirvale mTavrobis, konkretulad ki winamdebare naSromis

Temidan gamomdinare, gamWvirvale skolis arseboba sazogadoebis

sasicocxlo interess warmoadgens, magram es interesi gamonak-

lisis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides meore, ara-

nakleb arsebiT sazogadoebriv interesTan, rogoricaa skolis

gamarTuli da efeqturi saqmianoba, piradi saidumloebis dacva

da a.S.

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11amgvari winaaRmdegobebi damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri Tavi-

sufali sazogadoebisaTvis. kanoni mowodebulia garkveulwilad

daabalansos yvela legitimuri sazogadoebrivi interesi da

saSualeba ar misces Riaobis zogadi wesidan calkeul gamonak-

lisebs informaciis Tavisuflebis erozia moaxdinon.

konstituciuri normidan gamomdinare, informaciis Tavisuf-

lebis Tavi mTavrobis gamWvirvalobasTan erTad oficialur do-

kumentebSi arsebuli personaluri monacemebis konfidencialo-

bis sakiTxsac aregulirebs.

Cven gvaqvs ufleba moviTxovoT araswori monacemebis Seswo-

reba da ukanonod mopovebuli informaciis ganadgureba. am uf-

lebis dacva SesaZlebelia sasamarTlos saSualebiT. mTavroba

valdebulia agvinazRauros sakuTari daudevrobiT, SecdomiT an

ukanono moqmedebiT miyenebuli ziani.

informaciis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebs zogadi administra-

ciuli kodeqsis garda sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebic aregulirebs.

amgvarad, aucilebelia, rom is sajaro mosamsaxure, visac uxdeba

informaciis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebis ganxilva da gadawyveta,

yvela am aqts safuZvlianad icnobdes.

ras gulisxmobs sajaro informacia?

zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi iZleva terminis _ �sajaro

informacia� zust ganmartebas. kodeqsis me-2 muxlis pirveli pun-

qtis �m� qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sajaro informacia aris oficialu-

ri dokumenti (maT Soris: naxazi, maketi, sqema, gegma, fotosuraTi,

eleqtronuli informacia, video da audio Canawerebi), anu sa-

jaro dawesebulebaSi daculi, agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an

mosamsaxuris mier samsaxureobriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT

miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili an gagzavnili informacia.

sajaroa nebismieri informacia, romelic daculia sajaro dawe-

sebulebaSi da aucilebeli ar aris, rom igi mxolod qaRaldze

iyos gamosaxuli. amasTan sajaro informacia avtomaturad ar gu-

lisxmobs, rom es informacia Riaa.

sajaro informacia iyofa Ria da daxurul informaciad. Riaa

informaciis

Tavisufleba

12 nebismieri informacia, romelic kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli

wesiT ar aris gasaidumloebuli. kanonis Tanaxmad, daxurulia in-

formacia, romelic Seicavs saxelmwifo, komerciul an pirad sa-

idumloebas. skolis SemTxvevaSi, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,

rogorc wesi, inaxeba mxolod piradi saidumloebis Semcveli

informacia.

arsebobs Tu ara informacia,

romlis gasaidumloebac SeuZlebelia da,

Sesabamisad, aucileblad unda iqnas gacemuli

sajaro dawesebulebis mier?

es aris informacia, romelic Seexeba garemomcveli garemos

mdgomareobas. aseve im safrTxes, romelic emuqreba an SeiZleba

daemuqros adamianis sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas. garda amisa,

gasaidumloebas ar eqvemdebareba informacia administraciuli

organoebis struqturisa da misi Tanamdebobis pirebis, aRniSnul

organoebSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis, arCeviTi Tanamdebobis

pirTa arCevis, informaciis Segrovebis, damuSavebis da gacemis,

sajaro dawesebulebaTa finansuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb.

aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianis sicocxlis, janmrTelobis da ga-

remomcveli garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb informaciis Riaobis

moTxovna konstituciuri debulebis interpretacias warmoad-

gens.

saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebulia, rom

yvelas aqvs ufleba miiRos sruli, obieqturi da drouli infor-

macia misi samuSao da sacxovrebeli garemos Sesaxeb. ukanaskneli

aTwleulebis manZilze sazogadoebas umetes SemTxvevaSi ar

hqonda informacia im saSiSroebis Sesaxeb, rasac garemomcveli

garemo uqmnida adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. amJamad,

aseTi informaciis dafarva arakonstituciuria da iwvevs kanoniT

dadgenil pasuxismgeblobas. nebismieri safrTxe, romelic eq-

mneba moqalaqeTa sicocxles an janmrTelobas, srulad unda ec-

nobos sazogadoebas. amasTan, saqarTvelom xeli moawera orhusis

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13saerTaSoriso konvencias, romelic sazogadoebas aniWebs Seuz-

Rudav uflebamosilebebs sasicocxlo garemos dacvisa da gare-

mos Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis sferoSi.

romel konkretul Tanamdebobis pirs unda

mimarTos sajaro dawesebulebaSi misulma

moqalaqem sajaro informaciis miRebis

moTxovniT?

am sakiTxs aregulirebs zogadi administraculi kodeqsis 36-e

muxli, romlis mixedviTac sajaro dawesebulebaSi sajaro in-

formaciis xelmisawvdomobaze pasuxismgebelia konkretuli sa-

jaro moxele. aRniSnuli debuleba gulisxmobs, rom yvela admi-

nistraciul organoSi Sida aqtiT unda ganisazRvros im piris vi-

naoba, visac daekisreba sajaro informaciis gacemis funqcia da

Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobac. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis piris vina-

oba da samsaxureobrivi misamarTi, telefonis nomeri da sxva sa-

kontaqto informacia sajaro dawesebulebaSi yvelasaTvis xel-

misawvdom adgilas unda iqnas moTavsebuli. sajaro dawesebule-

bis mniSvnelobis sididisa da funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aR-

niSnuli funqciis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba SeiTavsos im Tanam-

debobis pirma, romlis ZiriTad funqciasac sxva sakiTxTa gadaw-

yveta warmoadgens. skolis SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxis swored amgvari

gadawyveta iqneba optimaluri.

ra proceduraa gaTvaliswinebuli sajaro

informaciis misaRebad sajaro

dawesebulebidan?

Tuki sajaro dawesebulebaSi informacia sxvadasxva saxiT ar-

sebobs (magaliTad: qaRaldze, magnitur firze, videogamo-

informaciis

Tavisufleba

14 saxulebis saxiT), sajaro dawesebuleba/Sesabamisi sajaro mosam-

saxure valdebulia moqalaqes miawodos informacia am ukanask-

nelis mier moTxovnili formiT. piri aseve uflebamosilia ga-

ecnos informacias dedanSi. Tuki arsebobs originalis dazi-

anebis safrTxe, sajaro dawesebelebas ekisreba dokumentis ze-

damxedvelobis qveS gacnobis, an saTanado wesiT damowmebuli as-

lis wardgenis valdebuleba.

moqalaqes SeuZlia miiRos sajaro informaciis asli. kanonis

Tanxmad, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia uzrunvelyos sajaro

informaciis aslebis xelmisawvdomoba, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom

moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mas unda hqondes SesaZlebloba gadaiRos

sajaro informaciis aslebi. aslis gadaRebisaTvis aucilebeli

Tanxis anazRaurebis valdebuleba ekisreba informaciis momT-

xovns. im SemTxvevaSi, roca piri sajaro dawesebulebidan perso-

nalur monacemebs moiTxovs, am saxis informaciis aslebi mas ga-

daecema ufasod.

zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-40 muxlis Tanaxmad,

sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gasces sajaro informacia

dauyovnebliv. dauyovnebliv gacema gulisxmobs sakiTxis gadawy-

vetas gancxadebis Setanisa da sajaro dawesebulebaSi registra-

ciisTanave, imave dRes. aRniSnuli wesidan kanoni awesebs ramde-

nime gamonakliss, rodesac sajaro dawesebelebas aTdRiani vada

eZleva informaciis gacemisTvis. skolaSi, misi specifikidan ga-

momdinare, gamonaklisebSi gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi ver war-

moiSveba da, Sesabamisad, maT aRar ganvixilavT.

sajaro dawesebulebam dainteresebul pirs informaciis ga-

cemaze uari unda acnobos dauyovnebliv. am SemTxvevaSi, sajaro

dawesebuleba, kerZod ki Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, valde-

bulia ganmcxadebels acnobos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis, misi

safuZvlis da im normatiuli aqtis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmadac

gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli.

sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro

dawesebuleba valdebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebidan sami dRis

vadaSi pirs werilobiT ganumartos misi uflebebi da gasaCivrebis

procedura, agreTve is struqturuli qvedanayofi an sajaro

dawesebuleba, romlebTanac warmoebda konsultacia informaci-

is gacemaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas.

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15ra saxis pasuxi SeiZleba gasces sajaro

dawesebulebam sajaro informaciis gacemis

Sesaxeb gancxadebaze?

garda imisa, rom umetesad sajaro dawesebuleba gascems moT-

xovnil informacias, an uars ambobs mis gacemaze, arsebobs sxva

SesaZlo pasuxebic. magaliTad,

sajaro dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom mas moTxovniliinformacia ar gaaCnia;

sajaro dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom moTxovniliinformacia ar iZebneba (es gulisxmobs, rom dawesebuleba

aRiarebs moTxovnili informaciis masTan arsebobas an

arsebobis valdebulebas, magram acxadebs, rom dokumentis

siZvelis, aRuricxaobis, Tu sxva mizezis gamo, misi moZebna

ver xerxdeba);

dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom moTxovnili dokumenti

ganadgurebulia (dokumenti SeiZleba ganadgurdes

administraciuli organos mier kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevaSi, an im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dokumentis

Semdgomi Senaxva aRar aris savaldebulo).

zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi, iseve rogorc informaciis

gacemaze uaris dros, sajaro dawesebulebis pasuxi SeiZleba

gasaCivrdes sasamarTloSi da moTxovnil iqnas rogorc infor-

maciis gacema, ise materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba.

raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli

problematika skolis doneze?

informaciis Tavisuflebis moTxovnebi vrceldeba yvela sa-

xelmwifo dawesebulebaze da TviTmmarTvelobis organoze, aseve

maTzec, visac saxelmwifom garkveuli uflebamosilebis ganxor-

cieleba miando an romlebic nawilobriv, an srul dafinansebas

iReben saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi biujetis saxsrebidan.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

16 amgvarad skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri,

calsaxad miekuTvneba aRniSnul kategorias.

skola sajaro dawesebulebaa. sajaro dawesebulebaSi daculi,

agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an moxelis mier samsaxureobriv

saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili

an gagzavnili informacia sajaro informaciaa.

skolis winaSe mdgari informaciis Tavisuflebis problema-

tika nawilobriv saxelmwifoebriv doneze arsebuli proble-

matikis analogiuria, magram arsebobs skolis specifikidan ga-

momdinare Taviseburebebic.

skolis, rogorc sazogadoebrivi institutis Camoyalibeba,

sabWoTa reJimis qveS moxda da skola, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi

sazogadoebrivi instituti, romelsac pirovnebis socializaciis

procesSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti roli miekuTvneba, mTlianad

totalitaruli wyobis pirmSo aRmoCnda.

saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis Semdeg qveyana uamravi proble-

mis winaSe aRmoCnda; Tavi iCina socialur-ekonomikurma da eTni-

kurma problemebma. amgvar fonze qveynis xelisuflebam efeqturi

reformebis inicireba ganaTlebis sferoSi ver moaxerxa. ar daw-

yebula skolebis decentralizaciis, samarTlebrivi bazis mo-

dernizaciisa da adamianuri resursebis gadamzadebis procesebi.

samwuxarod dResdReobiT skolebis ZiriTadi nawili isev

sabWoTa reJimis gadmonaSTebis matareblad rCeba. rac Seexeba in-

formaciis Tavisuflebis problematikas, sxva sajaro dawesebu-

lebis msgavsad, skolaSi ar xdeba informaciis Tavisuflebis

principebis dacva. skolis finansebis marTva erTpirovnulad

xorcieldeba. rac Seexeba skolaSi dacul pirad informacias, ar

arsebobs piradi saidumloebis dacvis tradiciebi, rac ewinaaRm-

degeba qarTul kanonmdeblobas da saerTaSoriso praqtikis

gaTvaliswinebiT uaryofiT aRmzrdelobiT Sedegs iZleva.

sazogadoebaSi unda damkvidrdes azri, rom oficialuri do-

kumentebis, sxdomaze daswrebis, an piradi saidumloebis dacvis

moTxovna ar aris uxerxuli. rac ar unda maRali moqalaqeobrivi

Segnebis adamianebi msaxurobdnen skolaSi, maTi Zalisxmevis ga-

reSe es instituti gamWvirvale ver gaxdeba. unda arsebobdes

gamWvirvalobaze sazogadoebrivi moTxovna da moqalaqeTa mzad-

yofna sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad.

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17skolis moswavleebSi, maswavleblebisa da mSoblebisgan gans-

xvavebiT, gacilebiT didi xarisxiT SeiniSneba socialuri aqti-

voba informaciis Tavisuflebis dasacavad. es gasakviri ar aris,

radgan dRevandel moswavleTa Taobebis socializacia qveynis

demokratiuli principebisadmi ltolvis pirobebSi xdeba; Tumca

es procesi srulyofili ver iqneba, Tuki socializaciis umniSv-

nelovanesi rgoli _ skola demokratiis moTxovnebsa da idealebs

ar danergavs. maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis didi nawilisaTvis

ki Rrmad fesvebgamdgar warmodgenebTan gamomSvidobeba, magali-

Tad is, rom garkveuli informaciis moTxovna uxerxulia da sxvis

saqmeSi Carevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, sirTules warmoadgens.

magram rac ar unda rTuli iyos skolaSi demokratiis ide-

alebis damkvidreba, qarTul skolas sxva alternativa ara aqvs.

saskolo ganaTlebis sistemis centralizebuli, araefeqturi

marTvis uaryofiTi Sedegebi dRes saxezea. droTa ganmavlobaSi

ki uaryofiTi Sedegi sul ufro da ufro gamwvavdeba, Tuki efeq-

turad ver moxerxdeba saskolo reformis ganxorcieleba.

saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi wesrigis damyarebiT dainte-

resebuli erTaderTi Zala sazogadoebaa, romelsac skolam

momavali Taobebi demokratiis monapovrebze unda aRuzardos.

skolis aSenebas Cveni monawileobis gareSe veravin SeZlebs im ub-

ralo mizezis gamo, rom es upirvelesad Cveni interesebidan ga-

momdinareobs.

ramdenad sasargebloa informaciis

gamWvirvaloba skolaSi?

SeiZleba CamovTvaloT ramdenime zogadi mizezi, romlebic

informaciis gamWvirvalobis dadebiT Sedegze miuTiTebs. am mi-

zezebis ukan ki uamravi konkretuli magaliTi moiazreba.

pirveli mizezi _ informaciiT dainteresebuli piri gaecnoba

skolis funqcionirebis detalebs. es ki zrdis imis albaTobas,

rom igi aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs skolis marTvaSi.

meore mizezi _ informaciis xelmisawvdomoba xels uSlis

informaciis

Tavisufleba

18 korufciasa da arakompetenturobas. imis codna, rom maTi moq-

medeba sajaro gansjis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes, stimuls miscems

skolis TanamSromlebs ukeTesad Seasrulon dakisrebuli mova-

leobebi. sazogadoebis mxridan kontroli aumjobesebs muSaobis

xarisxs.

mesame mizezi _ informaciis xelmisawvdomoba saSualebas aZ-

levs moqalaqeebs Tavad miiRon gadawyvetilebebi da ar elodon,

rom amas maT nacvlad mTavroba gaakeTebs. informacia pirdapir

SesaZleblobas iZleva, rom skolaSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gakon-

troleba da gaumjobeseba moxdes.

rogoria informaciis

Tavisuflebis praqtika skolaSi?

kanonmdebloba, romelic sajaro dawesebulebaSi, Cven konkre-

tul SemTxvevaSi ki skolaSi, daculi informaciis xelmisaw-

vdomobasa da sxdomebis sajaroobas uzrunvelyofs, moqalaqeTa

mier am uflebis realizaciis Zalian martiv procedurebs iTva-

liswinebs.

miuxedavad amisa, mzad unda viyoT iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis,

roca Teoria da praqtika erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. did rols Ta-

maSobs subieqturi faqtori: zogierTi skolis TanamSromeli

SeiZleba mtkiced iyos ganwyobili Riaobisa da TanamSromlobi-

saTvis, zogi ki ukiduresad daxelovnebulia informaciis damal-

vaSi. warmovidginoT Cveni Tavi maT adgilze, gana Cven gvsiamov-

nebs, roca viRaca Cvens saqmeSi cxviris Cayofas cdilobs? gana

Cven ar vcdilobT abezari cnobismoyvareebis Tavidan moSorebas?

skolis kedlebSi momuSavenic Cveulebrivi mokvdavebi arian. ase

rom, maTTvis araferi adamianuri ucxo ar aris. adamianebi ki

xSirad cdebian da axasiaTebT sxvadasxva sisusteebi.

amasTan, unda davuSvaT, rom skolis muSaki, romelic SeiZleba

SesaniSnavi specialistia Tavis sferoSi, kargad ar iyos gaTvic-

nobierebuli informaciis Tavisuflebis maregulirebel kanon-

mdeblobaSi.

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19warsuli uuflebobidan gamomdinare, Cven xSirad gviWirs eWvi

SevitanoT skolis TanamSromelTa avtoritetuli gancxadebebis

kanonierebaSi da kritikuli TvaliT SevxedoT maTi gadawyveti-

lebebis samarTlianobas.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, unda gvaxsovdes, rom samarTlebriv saxelm-

wifoSi, romlis aSenebasac Cven yvelani erTad vcdilobT, mxo-

lod sasamarTloa uflebamosili miiRos saboloo gadawyveti-

lebebi da gansajos, Tu ra aris ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi kanonieri

da ra _ ara.

amasTan, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom sasamarTloSi mimar-

Tvisas, Cveni Sansebi miviRoT sasurveli informacia, daveswroT

sxdomas an moviTxovoT Cveni piradi saidumloebis gasaidumlo-

eba, izrdeba. sasamarTlos ara aqvs pirdapiri uwyebrivi dainte-

reseba damalos informacia. ase rom, Tuki skolis Sesabamisi

muSaki safuZvlian argumentebs ar moitans, mosamarTle davas

Cvens sasargeblod gadawyvets.

skolaSi informaciis Tavisuflebis praqtika Semdeg sakiTxebs

moicavs:

sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi

skolis biujetis gamWvirvaloba

piradi saidumloebis dacva skolaSi

moswavleTa SefasebasTan da gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli

zogierTi aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis sakiTxi

Cven SevecdebiT detalurad ganvixiloT oTxive sakiTxi,

Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis fonze.

ra funqciebi eniWeba sameurveo sabWos?

sameurveo sabWos Camoyalibeba mimdinare saskolo reformis

qvakuTxeds warmoadgens. es aris axali rgoli saskolo adminis-

traciaSi da skolis marTvis decentralizaciisaken gadadgmuli

mniSvnelovani nabiji.

imisaTvis, raTa kidev erTxel gavusvaT xazi sameurveo sabWos

mniSvnelobasa da funqcionalur datvirTvas, moviyvanT ramde-

nime magaliTs misi uflebamosilebebis nusxidan:

informaciis

Tavisufleba

20 sameurveo sabWo ganixilavs da amtkicebs skolis

direqtoris mier warmodgenil dawesebulebis marTvis

strategiul gegmas. igi uflebamosilia warmoadginos

winadadebebi aRniSnuli strategiuli ganviTarebis gegmaSi

cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb;

sameurveo sabWo ganxilavs da amtkicebs skolis

direqtoris mier warmodgenil strategias dawesebulebis

sakadro da arasabiujeto finansuri resursebis marTvis

Sesaxeb, aseve materialuri resursebis gamoyenebis gegmas.

igi uflebamosilia warmoadginos winadadebebi

cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb.

Tuki sameurveo sabWo ar daamtkicebs zemoT CamoTvlil ro-

melime gegmas, skolis direqtors ufleba aqvs aTi dRis vadaSi

mosTxovos mas gadawyvetilebis werilobiTi dasabuTeba, an

konkretuli rekomendaciebi. amis Semdeg, direqtors ufleba aqvs

aRniSnuli gegma xelmeored warudginos sameurveo sabWos.

sameurveo sabWo uflebamosilia moizidos damatebiTi

(arasabiujeto) finansuri da materialuri resursebi.

sabWos es funqcia, ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, erTgvari

movaleoba, gadamwyvetia saqarTvelos skolebis ZiriTadi

nawilisaTvis.

sameurveo sabWo monitorings uwevs, anu swavlobs skolis

finansuri da materialuri resursebis gamoyenebas,

disciplinis dacvas skolaSi da icavs mSobelTa,

moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa uflebebs.

amgvarad, sameurveo sabWos uflebamosilebaTa CamonaTvali

STambeWdavia da iZleva imis Teoriul winapirobas, rom sameurveo

sabWo skolaSi dRes arsebul finansur, sakadro da meTodolo-

giur mdgomareobas sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesebs. mosalodnel

Sedegs miviRebT, Tuki sameurveo sabWos arCevnebs maqsimalurad

gamWvirvaled da obieqturad CavatarebT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

subieqturi mosazrebebis, skolis direqtoris an administraciis

erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebis Sedegad dakompleqtebuli same-

urveo sabWo kidev erTi ufunqcio rgoli iqneba skolis adminis-

traciaSi.

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21raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis

specifika sameurveo sabWos arCevnebisas?

imis Semdeg, rac sameurveo sabWos potenciali ganvixileT,

SegviZlia gadavideT uSualod informaciis Tavisuflebis prin-

cipebis dacvaze sameurveo sabWos arCevisas.

sameurveo sabWos arCeva unda moxdes mSobelTa saerTo kre-

baze, romelsac moiwvevs skolis direqtori an administracia. ar-

Cevnebis TariRi winaswar unda gaxdes cnobili mSoblebis, mos-

wavleebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis. es SeiZleba moxdes adgilob-

riv gazeTSi gamoqveynebis an skolis SenobaSi TvalsaCino adgilas

gancxadebis gamokvris saSualebiT. sameTvalyureo sabWos arCev-

nebis Sesaxeb informaciis winaswari gavrceleba iqneba imis

garanti, rom mSoblebi arCevnebamde SeZleben sasurveli kandi-

daturebis SerCevas. TviTon kandidatebsac eqnebaT saSualeba,

rom amomrCevlebs (mSoblebs) dausabuTon, Tu ris gakeTebas SeZ-

leben sabWoSi da gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazrebebi skolis ganvi-

Tarebis perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT.

mosalodneli arCevnebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamWvirvalo-

basTan erTad didi roli eniWeba TviTon saarCevno procesis ka-

nonis dacviT Catarebas. mSoblebis saerTo kreba uflebamosilia

airCios sameurveo sabWo, Tu mas eswreba am skolis moswavleTa

sruli Semadgenlobis naxevarze metis mSobeli (an moswavlis ka-

nonieri warmomadgeneli). rogorc wesi, sameurveo sabWos wev-

rebis arCeva Ria kenWisyriT xdeba. kreba uflebamosilia xmaTa

umravlesobiT miiRos faruli kenWisyris Catarebis gadawyveti-

leba. TiToeul kandidats dasaxelebis rigiTobiT cal-calke

eyreba kenWi. arCeulad CaiTvlebian is kandidatebi, romlebic

sxva kandidatebTan SedarebiT met xmas moagroveben. sabWo airCeva

3 wlis vadiT. imis miuxedavad, Tu kenWisyris romel meTods (Ria

an faruli) airCevs mSoblebis saerTo kreba, kenWisyrisa da xmis

daTvlis procesi gamWvirvale unda iyos. Ria kenWisyris SemTxve-

vaSi, gamWvirvaloba TiTqmis garantirebulia. faruli kenWisyris

SemTxvevaSi ki xmebis daTvla unda moxdes kenWisyris damTavre-

bisTanave mSoblebis saerTo krebis Tvalwin, SerCeuli komisiis

mier.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

22 arCeuli sabWo unda Seikribos Seqmnidan araugvianes 10 dRis

vadaSi da xmaTa umravlesobiT airCios sameurveo sabWos Tavmj-

domare da Tavmjdomaris moadgile. kenWisyris procesis gamWvir-

valobis uzrunvelyofa am SemTxvevaSi gacilebiT martivi iqneba,

radgan sameTvalyureo sabWo 7-11 wevrisgan Sedgeba.

aRniSnuli procedurebis darRveviT Seqmnili sameurveo sab-

Wo ar CaiTvleba uflebamosilad ganaxorcielos masze dakisre-

buli uflebamovaleobebi.

skolis biujetis gamWvirvaloba

skolis efeqturi marTva gulisxmobs finansuri da materi-

aluri resursebis gankargvis gamWvirvalobas. skolis biujeti

aris skolis ekonomikuri politikis amsaxveli pirvelxarisxo-

vani dokumenti. amis gamo, gamWvirvaloba da monawileobis miReba

biujetis miRebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.

moviyvanT gamWvirvalobiT sargeblobis ramdenime magaliTs:

gamWvirvaloba iZleva skolis direqtorisa da

administraciis Zlieri da susti mxareebis adreuli

identifikaciis saSualebas. is biZgs aZlevs reformebs.

skolis direqtorisa da administraciis aRricxvianobis

gaumjobeseba korufciis aRmofxvris saSualebaa.

gamWvirvalobis gazrda gamoiwvevs skolis direqtorisa da

administraciis mimarT ndobis faqtoris gazrdas.

gaumjobesdeba arasabiujeto finansuri da materialuri

resursebis mozidvis Sansebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

sameurveo sabWo ver SeZlebs finansuri da materialuri

resursebis mozidvas. arcerTi donori organizacia,

fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar dainteresdeba daexmaros

skolas, Tuki gamWvirvale ar iqneba skolis mier miRebuli

daxmarebis gankargvis procesi.

saWiroa gamWvirvalobis Serwyma monawileobasTan. sakmarisi

ar aris mxolod obieqturi da operatiuli informaciis floba

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gankargavs skola finansur resursebs.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania sameurveo sabWos fun-

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23qcia, monitoringi gauwios skolis finansuri da materialuri re-

sursebis gankargvas.

amgvarad, skolis biujetTan mimarTebaSi informaciis Tavi-

suflebis uzrunvelyofa iZleva skolebis dRevandeli duxWiri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis realur garantias.

ra saxis informacia SeiZleba warmoadgendes

pirad saidumloebas?

pirad saidumloebas mikuTvnebuli informacia aris informa-

cia, romelic icavs ama Tu im fizikuri piris personalur mona-

cemebs, xolo personaluri monacemebis pirad saidumloebad miC-

nevis sakiTxs wyvets TviT is piri, romlis Sesaxebac arsebobs es

informacia sajaro dawesebulebaSi.

kanonis Tanaxmad, personaluri monacemebi aris informacia,

romelic piris identifikaciis, anu amocnobis SesaZleblobas

iZleva. rogorc wesi, pirad saidumloebas miekuTvneba informa-

cia, romelic dakavSirebulia piris janmrTelobasTan, finanseb-

Tan da sxva kerZo sakiTxebTan. dawesebuleba, romelSic piradi

saidumloebis Semcveli monacemebi inaxeba, valdebulia ar gasces

es informacia (personaluri monacemebi) TviT am piris Tanxmobis,

an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos dasabu-

Tebuli gadawyvetilebis gareSe. amgvarad, imisaTvis, rom mivi-

RoT piradi saidumloebis Semcveli informacia, gvesaWiroeba

TviT im piris Tanxmoba, romlis pirad saidumloebasac viTxovT.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, gancxadebasTan erTad sajaro dawesebulebas

unda miewodos sanotaro wesiT an administraculi organos mier

damowmebuli Tanxmoba. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom pirad sa-

idumloebas mikuTvnebuli informaciis dacvis zemoT aRniSnuli

wesi ar vrceldeba `sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseb-

lobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul Tanam-

debobis pirebsa da Tanamdebobaze wardgenil kandidatebze. maT

Sesaxeb arsebuli personaluri monacemebi Riaa da unda gaices

sajaro dawesebulebis mier Sesabamisi piris Tanxmobis gareSe.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

24 piradi monacemebis damuSaveba

da gavrceleba skolaSi

amgvarad, skolaSi personaluri monacemebis Senaxva, damuSa-

veba da gansakuTrebiT maTi gavrceleba saqarTveloSi moqmedi

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT unda xdebodes, Tumca aqve unda aRi-

niSnos, rom arc saqarTvelos kanonSi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb da arc

sxva kanonqvemdebare aqtebSi skolaSi piradi monacemebis Se-

naxvisa da damuSavebis detaluri miTiTeba ar aris mocemuli. sa-

qarTvelos skolebis ZiriTadi nawilis praqtikaSi damkvidrebu-

li aRniSnuli sakiTxebis maregulirebeli wesebi ki Sors aris

piradi saidumloebis dacvis im kriteriumebisagan, romelsac

dRes saqarTvelos zemoT aRwerili sakanonmdeblo baza sTava-

zobs.

qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo vakuumis

Sesavsebad qvemoT moviyvanT dasavluri qveynebis gamocdilebas

skolaSi piradi monacemebis SenaxvasTan, damuSavebasa da gavrce-

lebasTan dakavSirebiT.

piradi monacemebi, romlebic moswavlem skolaSi Sesvlis

dros da SemdgomSi warudgina skolas, SeiZleba avtomaturad iq-

nas gamoyenebuli skolis xelmZRvanelobis mier sxvadasxva da-

niSnulebiT, ZiriTadad, cnobebis gacemisa da saskolo korespon-

denciisaTvis. piradi monacemebis avtomaturad gamoyenebisa da

gavrcelebis wesi ar vrceldeba im monacemebze, romlebic mopo-

vebul iqna saskolo samedicino, saskolo fsiqologiuri da sko-

laSi wesrigis damamyarebeli RonisZiebebis Sedegad. Tumca, aR-

niSnul SemTxvevebSic, gamonaklisis wesiT SesaZlebelia piradi

monacemebis avtomaturi damuSaveba, im pirobiT, rom monacemebis

Senaxva ar moxdeba da konkretuli teqstis SeqmnisTanave maT

gaanadgureben.

maswavleblebis mier moswavleTa piradi monacemebis persona-

lur kompiuterze damuSaveba dasaSvebia mxolod gamonaklis Sem-

TxvevebSi skolis direqtoris nebarTviT. amisTvis saWiroa, rom

personaluri kompiuteris gakontroleba iseve iyos SesaZlebeli,

rogorc skolis kompiuterebisa.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom qarTul realobaSi sko-

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25lebis kompiuterizacias jer kidev ar miuRia masiuri saxe da sa-

qarTvelos skolebis ZiriTad nawilSi monacemTa damuSaveba (maT

Soris, piradi saidumloebis momcveli monacemebisac) davTruli

wesiT xdeba, aucilebelia moiZebnos meTodebi, romelTa meSve-

obiTac amgvar pirobebSic maqsimalurad iqneba uzrunvelyofili

piradi saidumloebis dacva. davTrebi, romlebSic moswavleTa an

maswavlebelTa piradi saidumloebis Semcveli informaciaa

mocemuli, unda inaxebodes seifebSi. davTrebis gatana skolis

Senobidan, garda ukiduresi, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, ar unda

xdebodes. dasamuSaveblad an konkretuli informaciis mosaZeb-

nad aseTi davTrebi SeiZleba gadaeceT maswavleblebs mxolod

konkretuli miznis Sesasruleblad direqtoris nebarTviT. da-

saxuli samuSaos SesrulebisTanave unda moxdes davTris Senaxva.

aRniSnuli proceduris dros uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas dav-

Tris miuwvdomloba sxva pirebisaTvis.

saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi mSoblebs SeiZleba gadaeces maswav-

leblebis saxelebi da gvarebi, misamarTebi da telefonis nom-

rebi, aseve klasis moswavleTa saxelebi da gvarebi. yovel maswav-

lebels an moswavles ufleba aqvs uari ganacxados aRniSnul siaSi

sakuTari monacemebis Setanaze, rac aucileblad unda iyos gaT-

valiswinebuli, anu am moswavlis an maswavleblis monacemebi ar

unda gavrceldes.

saklaso Jurnali, romelic klasis yvela maswavleblisTvis

iqneba xelmisawvdomi, unda moicavdes mxolod Semdeg informa-

cias:

moswavlis saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi

gakveTilebze daswreba

sapatio da arasapatio gacdenebi

gatarebuli aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebi

mSoblebis saxeli, gvari, misamarTi

sakontaqto monacemebi ubeduri SemTxvevisaTvis

rac Seexeba akademiuri moswrebis maCvenebel monacemebs, anu

niSnebs, isini yvela sagnis maswavlebels calke davTarSi unda

hqondes dafiqsirebuli. yvela maswavlebeli individualurad

unda inaxavdes seifSi im saswavlo klasebis davTrebs, romlebsac

aswavlis. davTari xelmisawvdomi ar unda iyos moswavleebis an

sxva maswavleblebisaTvis.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

26 skolaSi swavlis dasrulebidan erTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg

moswavlis monacemebis damuSaveba misi piradi Tanxmobis gareSe

aRar unda xdebodes. dasaSvebia mxolod skolis damTavrebis

Semdeg klasis Sekrebis mizniT, yofili moswavleebis monacemTa

gadacema klasis Sexvedris saorganizacio jgufisaTvis.

praqtikaSi vawydebiT uamrav konkretul kiTxvas, romelzec

swori pasuxi informaciis Tavisuflebis aRwerili normebis

zedmiwevniT codnas moiTxovs skolis administraciisagan. maga-

liTad moviyvanT ramdenime SesaZlo kiTxvas:

aqvT Tu ara mSoblebs ufleba piradi mizezebis

safuZvelze uari ganucxadon sameurveo sabWos

TavianTi bavSvebis Sesaxeb arsebuli

informaciis (magaliTad rogoricaa niSnebi)

sajaro ganxilvaze?

aseTi samarTlebrivi moTxovna skolis kanonmdeblobaSi ar

aris fexmokidebuli. Tumca dainteresebul pirebs aqvT ufleba

pirad mizezebze miTiTebiT werilobiTi saxiT gamoTqvan prote-

sti TavianTi Svilebis Sesaxeb informaciis sayovelTao an konk-

retuli formebiT damuSavebis winaaRmdeg. Tu amgvari protesti

dasabuTebulia, skolis xelmZRvaneloba valdebulia protesti

gaiTvaliswinos.

unda gamoqveyndes Tu ara skolis veb-gverdze

moswavleTa foto-suraTebi da msgavsi

informacia?

moswavleTa personaluri monacemebis skolis veb-gverdze

gamoqveyneba ar aris mizanSewonili. Tu skolis administracia

amis gakeTebas mainc saWirod miiCnevs, maSin es unda moxdes

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27zrdasruli moswavleebis an maTi mSoblebis TanxmobiT. winaswar

unda moxdes maTi im saSiSroebebis Sesaxeb informireba, romlebic

piradi monacemebis internetSi gaSvebisas warmoiqmneba. Tanxmo-

bis gancxadeba werilobiT xasiaTs unda atarebdes. yuradReba

unda mieqces imas, rom ar moxdes bavSvis Sesaxeb sxva informaciis

gacema (mag. misamarTi, el-fostis misamarTi da a.S.). moswavleTa

suraTebic, informaciis Tavisuflebis principebidan gamomdi-

nare, calsaxad ganekuTvneba personalur monacemebs.

presas surs skoladamTavrebulTa saxelebis

gamoqveyneba. aqvs Tu ara skolas am monacemebis

gacemis ufleba?

ara. kerZo dawesebulebebs, maT Soris gazeTebsac, amdagvari

saxis masalis gamoqveyneba mxolod dainteresebuli piris Tanx-

mobis SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT. Tanxmobis gareSe masalebis gadacema

dasaSvebia, rodesac masalebis momTxovns sakmarisi samarTleb-

rivi interesi gaaCnia, rac gazeTis SemTxvevaSi marTebuli ar

aris. Tu skolis gazeTs, an sxva beWdviT gamocemas skoladamTav-

rebulTa saxelebis gamoqveyneba surs, man yoveli mSoblisagan

an srulwlovani moswavlisagan saTiTaod unda miiRos Tanxmoba.

amasTan, isini unda gaafrTxilon gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT

warmoqmnili SesaZlo problemebis Sesaxeb. skolas mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi aqvs ufleba moswavleTa piradi monacemebi gadasces

beWdviT gamocemas, Tu skolis moswavleTa mSoblebi werilobiT

waradgenen Tanxmobas.

ramdenad vrceldeba informaciis Tavisufleba

moswavleTa niSnebze?

saqarTveloSi dRemde miiCneva, rom saganmanaTleblo da

aRmzrdelobiTi miznebidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia moswav-

informaciis

Tavisufleba

28 leTa niSnebis Riad gamocxadeba. TiToeuli moswavlis Sefaseba,

zepiri gamokiTxvis SemTxvevaSi, xmamaRla cxaddeba klasSi gak-

veTilis dros. TiToeul klass erTi saklaso Jurnali aqvs yvela

sagnisaTvis, amitom yvela sagnis maswavlebels SeuZlia gaecnos

moswavlis niSnebs sxva disciplinebSi. maswavlebels JurnalSi

SeuZlia naxos ara marto zepiri gamokiTxvis, aramed weriTi

samuSaoebis Sefasebebic. niSnebis gamocxadeba Riad xdeba mSo-

belTa krebebzec. aqedan gamomdinare, moswavlis niSnebi aravis-

Tvis ar warmoadgens saidumloebas.

Cndeba Semdegi kiTxvebi: moswavleTa niSnebi maT pirad saidum-

loebas xom ar unda ganekuTvnebodes? saganmanaTleblo da aRmz-

rdelobiTi TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad marTebulia niSnebis xelmi-

sawvdomoba yvela maswavleblis, moswavlis da Tanaklaselebis

mSoblebisaTvis?

sainteresoa, rogoria saerTaSoriso gamocdileba am sakiTx-

Tan dakavSirebiT. gavecaniT ramdenime dasavluri qveynis moqmed

kanonmdeblobas skolis Sesaxeb da aRmoCnda, rom niSnebTan

dakavSirebuli informacia moswavleebs da maT mSoblebs mxolod

individualurad unda gaacnos konkretuli sagnis maswavlebelma.

Znelia niSnebis aseTi Riaobis dadebiTi efeqtis damadastu-

rebeli magaliTebis moyvana. uaryofiTi efeqti ki bevria:

niSnebis Riaoba xSirad iwvevs moswavleebs Soris uaryofiTi

muxtis Camoyalibebas. moswavles Tanaklaselebsa da maswavleb-

lebs Soris eqmneba garkveuli imiji (cudi, saSualo an kargi mos-

wavlis), risi Secvlac Semdeg rTulia. cudma moswavlem Zalian

rom moindomos da kargad moemzados gakveTilebisaTvis, gauWir-

deba pozitiuri imijis damkvidreba garSemomyofTa Soris swored

imis gamo, rom misi Zveli Sefasebebi yvelasaTvis cnobilia. ro-

gorc wesi, e.w. `cudi moswavle~, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda,

aRar cdilobs swavlis gaumjobesebas, radganac egueba am imijs

da sakuTari Tavis rwmenas kargavs. ukve xom isedac yvelam icis,

rom is cudi moswavlea. gansakuTrebiT didia uaryofiTi efeqti,

roca moswavlis niSnebi yvela diciplinaSi erT saklaso Jurnal-

Sia Setanili da maswavlebels SeuZlia gaecnos moswavlis mosw-

rebas sxva sagnebSi. rogorc wesi, es iwvevs stereotipebis Camo-

yalibebas. magaliTad, Tuki moswavlis Sefaseba fizikaSi saSu-

alod 3-ia, istoriaSi man brwyinvaledac rom moamzados gakveTi-

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29li, rogorc wesi, maswavlebeli mas umaRles Sefasebas aRar aZ-

levs.

dasavlur qveynebSi damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT, mo-

swavlis mxolod saerTo semestruli niSani ar aris dafaruli.

ramdenad gamWvirvale unda iyos

sagamocdo sakiTxebi?

sagamocdo sakontrolo werebis sakiTxebis gamWvirvalobis

sakiTxi metad problematuria im dasavlur qveynebSi, romelTa

gamcdilebasac garkveul sakiTxebSi eyrdnoba mocemuli naSromi.

sainteresoa qarTveli maswavleblebis azri am sakiTxTan dakav-

SirebiT.

Znelad Tu moiZebneba iseTi pedagogiuri meTodi, romlzec

mxolod dadebiTi an mxolod uaryofiTi argumentebis moyvana

SeiZleba. saWiroa argumentebis awon-dawonva da kompromisis

saSualebiT saukeTeso gadawyvetilebis povna. am meTodiT Sevec-

debiT pasuxi gavceT dasmul kiTxvas - ramdenad gamWvirvale unda

iyos sagamocdo sakiTxebi? gamocdis sakiTxebis qveS vgulis-

xmobT: sakontrolo werebsa da semestrul gamocdebs, romlebic

skolis administraciis mier dgindeba. Cven gvainteresebs gavar-

kvioT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi moswav-

leebisaTvis sakontrolo weris, an gamocdis sakiTxebis winaswari

gacnoba. saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT,

sakontrolo werebis dros xdeba analogiuri sakiTxebis winas-

wari ganxilva. gamocdis SemTxvevaSi ki, moswavleebs, rogorc

wesi, saSualeba aqvT uSualod sagamocdo sakiTxebs gaecnon.

moviyvanT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva skolis maswavleblebis

argumentebs am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT:

informaciis

Tavisufleba

30 sawinaaRmdego argumentebi mxardamWeri argumentebi

gamocdis saSualebiT unda gamocda bevr funqcias atarebs.

gairkves, Tu ra icis moswavlem. misi Semofargvla mxolod

Tuki mas winaswar SevatyobinebT, Sefasebis funqciiT niSnavs

ra saxis sakiTxebi iqneba gamocdaze, potenciuri motivaciisa da

es ukve gamocda aRar iqneba swavlis xelSemwyobi aspeqtebis

ugulebelyofas

gamocdis savaraudo sakiTxebis gamocdis dros xdeba saswavlo

gacnoba iwvevs moswavleTa masalis koncentrireba

koncentracias am sakiTxebze, mniSvnelovan Temebze.

ris Sedegadac maTi saerTo codna gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom

konkretul saganSi zaraldeba gamWvirvalobis principis dacvisas

moswavleebi ufro met dros

xarjaven winasagamocdo mzadebaze

gamocdis sakiTxebis gamWvirvaloba Tuki gamocdis erTaderT miznad

iwvevs moswavleTa moswrebis moswavleTa diferenciacia

zrdas, rac moswavleTa realur migvaCnia, maSin gamocdaze davsvaT

SesaZleblobebs ar Seesabameba iseTi rTuli SekiTxvebi,

romlebsac moswavleTa 50%

pasuxs ver gascems

isedac gadatvirTulma da winasagamocdo sakiTxebis

socialurad daucvelma Camoyalibeba maswavlebelsac

maswavlebelma ratom unda exmareba konkretul klasTan

daxarjos dro gamocdis gaweuli muSaobis Sedegis

sakiTxebis moswavleebisTvis danaxvaSi

gacnobaze? moswavleebSi SiSis

faqtoris Sesamcireblad?

qarTuli sazogadoeba axali skola xom ar gvWirdeba,

gacnobierebulad Tu romelsac moswavleebi ara

gaucnobiereblad eTanxmeba imas, muqarad, aramed pirovnebis

rom skolis sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis konstruqciul

struqtura moswavleebSi SiSs iwvevs saSualebad aRiqvamen?

komentari TqvenTvis mogvindia. Cven ki mxars vuWerT sagamoc-

do da sakontrolo sakiTxebis gamWvirvalobas.

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31reziumed Semdegi fraza SeiZleba gamodges � erTad daviw-

yoT axali skolis Seneba.

danarTis saxiT gTavazobT skolaSi adamianis uflebebis dac-

vis Sesafasebel tests. am testis saSualebiT SeZlebT gan-

sazRvroT, Tu rogor aris daculi adamianis uflebebi Tqvens

skolaSi. konkretuli problemis identifikacia ki saSualebas

mogcemT SeimuSaoT adamianis ama Tu im uflebis dacvis gasaum-

jobesebeli RonisZiebebi.

sasurvelia, testis Setana moxdes yvela saswavlo klasSi cal-

calke, maswavleblebs ki SegiZliaT erTad SesTavazoT misi Sev-

seba.

saklaso oTaxSi dafaze daxazeT Skala, sadac mocemuli iqneba

qulebi 1-dan 4-mde. moswavleebma testis TiToeuli sakiTxi am

Skalis mixedviT unda Seafason.

SesaZlebelia, moswavleebs ar gauCndeT sakuTari azris Riad

gamoTqmis survili. am SemTxvevaSi, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi

meTodi _ TiToeuli moswavle individualurad avsebs tests.

Semdeg Tqven agrovebT furclebs, arevT maT da isev urigebT

moswavleebs, raTa maT zepirad gikarnaxon qulebi. Tqven am

qulebs werT dafaze winaswar momzadebul SkalaSi. aseTi xerxiT

mTel klass eZleva saSualeba ganixilos TiToeuli punqtis

Sefaseba da dainaxos miRebuli Sedegi.

testi Sedgenilia adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi

Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropis konvenciis mixedviT.

skolaSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis

Sesafasebeli testi

yuradRebiT gaecaniT TiToeul punqts da marcxniv daitaneT

Sefaseba (am dros SeecadeT ifiqroT ara marto sakuTari Tavis

mdgomareobaze, aramed gaiTvaliswinoT skolis yvela wevris:

moswavleebis, maswavleblebis, skolis administraciisa da di-

reqtoris uflebebis dacva). testis Sevsebamde gaecaniT aq moy-

vanil adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis

informaciis

Tavisufleba

32 dacvis evropis konvenciis Semoklebul variants. sasurvelia,

rom konvenciis es varianti dafaze, an sxva TvalsaCino adgilas

iyos gakruli. testSi warmodgenil sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis

Semdeg SekribeT yvela punqtze miwerili cifri.

Sefaseba

1 _ ara/arasodes; 2 _ iSviaTad; 3 _ xSirad; 4 _ ki/yovelTvis.

1. Cems skolaSi yvela moswavle daculad grZnobs Tavs (muxli 2)

2. Cemi skolis wevrebis Seviwroeba ar xdeba maTi cxovrebis

wesis gamo, mag. Cacmulobis stili (muxli 14)

3. Cemi skola TiToeuls sTavazobs monawileobis erTnair

SesaZleblobebs da erTnair saSualebebs (muxli 14)

4. Cemi skolis wevrebi, rogorc wesi, uaryofen xolme Cvens

skolaze gamoTqmul uaryofiT Sefasebebs (muxli 2, 9)

5. problemebis gadaWra Cems skolaSi araZalismieri

meTodebiT, saerTo ZalisxmeviT xdeba (muxli 2, 3)

6. saskolo wesrigisa da disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi,

yvelas erTnairad samarTlianad eqcevian. es exeba rogorc

darRvevis dadgenas, ise dasjas (muxli 6)

7. yvela, viszec raime eWvi warmoiSveba, darRvevis

damtkicebamde udanaSaulod miiCneva (muxli 6)

8. Cemi piradi saidumloeba, piradi sfero da qoneba daculia

(muxli 8; muxli 1, 1 damatebiTi protokoli)

9. Cemi skolis devizad SeiZleba CaiTvalos: `sxvadasxva

kulturisa da warmoSobis moswavleebo, maswavleblebo da

administraciis wevrebo, gaerTiandiT~ (muxli 1, 9, 10, 14)

10. Cemi skolis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba monawileoba miiRos

demokratiul procesebSi (muxli 11; muxli 3, 1 damatebiTi

protokoli)

11. Cemi skolis wevrebs dRis ganmavlobaSi aqvT SesvenebaTa

sakmarisi raodenoba, saswavlo da samuSao saaTebis

misaRebi raodenoba da kargi samuSao pirobebi (muxli 4)

12. me viReb pasuxismgeblobas, rom Cems skolaSi ar xdeba

diskriminacia da skolis TiToeuli wevri skolis

usafrTxoebidan da keTildReobidan gamomdinare

moqmedebs (muxli 1)

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33adamianis uflebebis da fundamenturi

Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropis konvencia

muxli 1. adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemis valdebuleba

saxelmwifoebma yvelasaTvis unda uzrunvelyon am konvenciaSi

CamoTvlil uflebaTa dacva

muxli 2. sicocxlis ufleba

Sen gaqvs sicocxlis ufleba

muxli 3. wamebis akrZalva

aravis aqvs ufleba gawamos, mogepyros araadamianurad an

dagsajos. maSinac ki, Tuki Sen sapyrobileSi imyofebi, Seni ufle-

bebi daculi unda iyos

muxli 4. monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva

akrZalulia mogeqcnen ise, rogorc monas an ymas, ZaladobiT

an iZulebiT Segasrulebinon samuSao

muxli 5. ufleba Tavisuflebasa da usafrTxoebaze

Sen gaqvs ufleba pirovnebis Tavisuflebasa da usafrTxo-

ebaze.

dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi, dauyovnebliv unda gacnobon da-

patimrebis mizezi da gagacnon Sens winaaRmdeg arsebuli bral-

deba.

Sen dauyovnebliv unda wargadginon mosamarTlesTan, rom man

gadawyvitos Seni saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvamde Seni ganTavi-

sufleba.

muxli 6. samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba, rom Seni saqme samarTlianad da Riad iqnas

mosmenili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli mosamarTlis mier.

Tuki brali gedeba danaSaulSi, kanonis Sesabamisad, damnaSaved

cnobamde udanaSaulod unda ganixilebode.

Tuki Seni danaSauli damtkicda, gaqvs advokatis daxmarebis

ufleba. Tuki Sen ara gaqvs sakmarisi saxsrebi misi samarTlebrivi

daxmarebis asanazRaureblad, daxmareba unda gagewios ufasod.

informaciis

Tavisufleba

34 muxli 7. ar arsebobs sasjeli kanonis gareSe

ar SeiZleba aRiarebul iqna damnaSaved raime qmedebis an Sec-

domis gamo, romelic ar warmoadgenda sisxlis samarTlis dana-

Sauls im droisaTvis, roca is iqna Cadenili

muxli 8. piradi da saojaxo cxovrebis ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba Sens pirad da saojaxo cxovrebaze, saxlsa

da korespondenciaze

muxli 9. azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebaze.

Sen gaqvs ufleba eulad Tu sxvebTan erTad sajarod Tu kerZod

gamoxato Seni religia an rwmena; Tayvani sce mas, Seiswavlo, Seas-

rulo ritualebi an daemorCilo. Sen gaqvs ufleba Seicvalo

religia an rwmena

muxli 10. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba Tqva da dawero is, rasac fiqrob; gaavrcelo

da miiRo informacia

muxli 11. Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba monawileoba miiRo mSvidobian Sekrebebze;

Sen gaqvs ufleba Seqmna da gaerTiande kavSirebSi - profesiuli

kavSirebis CaTvliT

muxli 12. qorwinebis ufleba

qorwinebis asakis qalebsa da mamakacebs aqvT ufleba daqor-

windnen da Seqmnan ojaxi erovnuli kanonebis mixedviT, romlebic

awesrigeben am uflebebis ganxorcielebas

muxli 13. ufleba efeqtur saCivarze

Tuki Sen dagerRva Seni uflebebi, SegiZlia saCivari Seitano

sasamarTloSi an sxva sajaro dawesebulebaSi.

muxli 14. diskriminaciis akrZalva

am uflebebis gamoyeneba SegiZlia miuxedavad Seni kanis fe-

risa, sqesisa, enisa, religiisa, warmoSobisa da Seni azrisa.

crjkbcs

pe

ci

fi

ka

35muxli 15. gamonakalisi sagangebo situaciis dros

omis an sxva sazogadoebrivi sagangebo situaciis dros xeli-

suflebas ufleba aqvs miiRos zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba arR-

vevdes Sens aq aRweril uflebebs. TviT aseT situaciebSic ki

xelisuflebas akrZaluli aqvs adamianTa wameba da ganukiTxavad

sikvdiliT dasja.

muxli 16. ucxoelTa politikuri saqmianobis SezRudva

xelisuflebas SeuZlia SezRudos ucxoelTa politikuri saq-

mianoba maSinac, roca es winaaRmdegobaSi modis konvenciis me-10,

me-11 an me-14 muxlebTan.

muxli 17. uflebis borotad gamoyenebis akrZalva

am konvenciis arcerTi ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas

konvenciis sxva uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sazianod.

muxli 18. uflebaTa SezRudvis gamoyenebis limitireba

am konvenciiT daSvebuli uflebebis ZiriTadi nawili SeiZleba

SezRudul iqnas sayovelTao kanoniT. aseTi SezRudva dasaSvebia,

Tuki damtkicebulia misi aucilebloba.

muxli 19-51.

es muxlebi aRweren Tu rogor funqcionirebs evropis adami-

anTa uflebebis sasamarTlo

muxli 1.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ qonebis dacva

Sen gaqvs ufleba flobde qonebas

muxli 2.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ ganaTlebis ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba iaro skolaSi

muxli 3.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ Tavisufali arCevanis

ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba faruli kenWisyriT airCio Seni qveynis xeli-

sufleba

informaciis

Tavisufleba

36 muxli 2.4. damatebiTi protokoli _ Tavisufali mimosvlis

ufleba

Tuki Sen qveynis teritoriaze imyofebi kanonieri statusiT,

gaqvs ufleba am qveynis farglebSi imogzauro da icxovro Seni

survilis mixedviT.

muxli 1.6. damatebiTi protokoli _ sikvdiliT dasjis

akrZalva

ar SeiZleba vinmes miesajos sikvdiliT dasja

muxli 2.7. damatebiTi protokoli _ samarTlebrivi saSu-

alebebi

Tuki Sen damnaSaved gcnes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulSi, Se-

giZlia gadawyvetileba gaasaCivro zemdgom sasamarTloSi

muxli 3.7. damatebiTi protokoli _ ufleba zaralis anaz-

Raurebaze

Tuki Sen damnaSaved gcnes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulSi da

Semdgom dadginda, rom Sen udanaSaulo iyavi, ufleba gaqvs mo-

iTxovo zaralis anazRaureba

crjkbcspecifika37

informaciis

Tavisufleba

38

informaciis Tavisufleba

skolis specifika

Tavisuflebis instituti

2005