Τηλεματική (Ε.Α.Π.)

T

. , .

HPOOPIKH

T, A'

T A T, E Surrey University, UK

ATPA 2002

HPOOPIKH T, Y A' T IONYIO AAMOOYO T, E Surrey University, UK K T M H/Y & ANATAIO TPIANTH KNTANTINO KAMANITH TYPORAMA , TYPORAMA / 2001 ISBN: 9605383527 K : H 23/1 Copyright 2001 & , 26222 : (061) 314094, 314206 : (061) 317244 . 2121/1993, .

K 1

E T

, , , E .................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 1.2 1.3 T O............................................................................................

13

X ................................................................................................ 15 M 1.3.1 K......................................................................

18 21

.................................................................................................................................................

1.3.2 ............................................................................................... 22 1.3.3 K ............................................................. 24 1.3.4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 1.4 1.5 T.................................................................................................................................. .........................................................................................................................

27 32 40

Y T

...................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... 41K 2

T

, , , E .................................................................................................................................... 43 2.1 T ..................................................................................................................................... 47 2.1.1 ...................................................................................... .....................................

47 50 54 55

2.1.2 I A 2.1.3 T

............................................... ........................................

2.1.4 E 2.2 2.3

B T .............................................................. 57 (ISDN) ....................................................... 60

6

T H E M AT I K H

2.3.1 H ISDN 2.3.2 Y ISDN

............................................................................

61 67

...........................................................................................

2.3.3 T ISDN ....................................................................... 69 2.3.4 ISDN 2.4 E (Intelligent Networks, INs)............................................................

70 72

.............................................................................

2.4.1 A IN ................................................................................................... 74 2.4.2 Y IN 2.4.3 2.5.............................................................................................................

78 79 81 82 83 86 89 94

.................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................

2.5.1 X.25

....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................. ...................................................................

2.5.2 M (Frame Relay)

2.5.3 A (ATM) 2.6 E

...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... 97K 3

Y T

, , , E .................................................................................................................................... 99 3.1 3.2 T T..................................................................................... ........

103 108

Y T

3.2.1 T ................................................................................................................. 109 3.2.2 T 3.3 3.4 3.5 T....................................................................................................................

112 119

..........................................................................................................................................

H .................................................................................................................. 122 K ....................................................................................................................................

128

3.5.1 T .......................................................................................................................... 128

EPEXOMENA

7

3.5.2 K ...................................................................................................................... 129 3.6 Y ................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................

133 134 136 136 138 139 144

3.6.1 T 3.6.2 E

...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................

3.6.3 K 3.7 Y Internet

................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ .................................................................

3.7.1 B T Internet

3.7.2 H Internet

3.7.3 M .................................................................................................................. 147 3.7.4 3.7.5 Usenet 3.7.6 IRC..........................................................

148 149 152 154 159

.................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................

3.7.7

3.7.8 T Internet

................................................................................................................................................................................ 163 K 4.................................................................................................................................

167

K A T

, , , E ................................................................................................................................ 169 4.1 4.2 K .................................................................................................................................. 173 H GSM.................................................................................................................................. ...............................................................

176 176 180

4.2.1 H GSM 4.2.2 Y GSM

..............................................................................

4.2.3 T GSM .......................................................... 185 4.2.4 To DCS 1800 4.3 A ........................................................................................................

186 188

.......................................................................................................................

8

T H E M AT I K H

4.4 4.5

(WAP) ............................................................... 191 To .......................................

194

................................................................................................................................................................................ 197 K 5.................................................................................................................................

199

E T

, , , E ................................................................................................................................ 201 5.1 E .........................................................................................................

204

5.1.1 ............................................................................................ 206 5.1.2 ................................................................................................. ............................. ..............

208 211 214

5.1.3 H

5.1.4

5.1.5 ............................................................................................................................. 215 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 T ............................................................................................................................................ 216 T .................................................................................................................................................... 222 T ..................................................................................................................................................... 226 H H ........................................................................................

231 235 241

............................................................................................................................ .......................................

5.7.1 A ................................................................................................................ 241 5.7.2 M ........................................................................................................... 243 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 245 .................................................................................................................................

248 251 277

A A A

.........................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

/ . (Telematics) (Teleinformatics) , . , 1 , . , 2 , , , . 3, 4 , . , 5 , , . , . . . , , . ,

10

T H E M AT I K H

, . . . .

, . .

1

: .

/ (, , , , , )

12

K E A A I O 1 : E I A H T H N T H E M AT I K H

(/) . (.. ). , , . ( ) . , / , . . . , . , .

1 . 1 E N N O I A T H T H E M AT I K H . O P I M O

13

1.1 .

: . . , , , . (, , ) . , . . , Samuel Morse 1854, Graham Bell 1876, . ,

T T

1.1

14


, (Telecommunications). 1950, , , . (informatics computer science) (microelectronics). . (Telematics). ( 1.1), . (, , ..). 1978 Simon Nora Alan Minc telecommunications informatics . . Compunication (Computer Communication) Computer Communications. . , , , . , , , , , . , , -

1 . 2 X A PA K T H P I T I K A T H H P O O P I A

15

/ ( ). , , , . 1.1 .

1.2

: . . , , , , , .. . , . : (objective) (subjective). , , , . , . . (

16


) . 1.2.

1.2

N

X

1.3

( ) ( ). , . , . . , . , . , (data) , , , , ..., (information) . 1.3.

N

X ( )

1 . 2 X A PA K T H P I T I K A T H H P O O P I A

17

. , . , , . , . (information management) , , . (standards), , . , , : : , . : , , , . : , , , . : . , , . 1.2 .

18


1.3

: . . (information types), : (text). (graphics). (still image still picture). (moving graphics) (animation). (moving picture motion video). (sound). () . (.. ).

1.3 MOPE TH HPOOPIA HIAKOOIHH

19

: (analogue) (digital). (.. , , ..) . () . , (bits) /. , . , . ( ) : 1. / , . , , , . 2. (integration) . , . , . 3. (interactivity) . , , . (Analog to Digital conversion A/D conversion) (digitisation). , 1.4, . , (sampling). . , , , , -

20


. (Digital to Analog Conversion D/A conversion) .

() A 6.2 5.9 4.1 3.0 1.4 Ts () 6 6 4 3 1 011 001 110 1 001 011 110 100 3 1.3 2.8

() K K 1.4

011001110001011110100 ()

.

1.3.1 KEIMENO

21

1.3 . ;

1.3.1

(text) / . ( ) ( , , ). : (plain) (unformatted): , (character set), (, ). . (rich) (formatted): , . , ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). 8 (bits) 256 (= 28) . / () 8 8 (picture elements, pixels)[1]. 1.1 bytes / 640 480 . (plain), ASCII 8 8 .

[1] / () (pixels).

22


1.3.2

(graphics) ( ) , , , . , (revisable), . , , , (, , ..). (vectordrawn graphics) (vector drawings).

(bitmap)

1.5

(bitmap)

/ / / / / (screen capture) / /

, (still image still picture) , . , (bitmap). . -

1 . 3 . 2 PA I K A K A I A K I N H T H E I K O N A

23

, 1.5. /, . (compression). , , . , , , . , 2 1 (2:1) . , , . : RLE (Run Length Encoding). PCX. LZW ( Lempel, Ziv Welch ). GIF TIFF. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) 15:1.

1.4 . ;

1.2 bytes 768 576 24 bit. ;

24


1.3.3

(moving picture motion video) () . / ( ) (frames). , . (frame rate) . : NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) , 30 fps (frames per second). PAL (Phase Alteration Line) , 25 fps[2]. /, . , : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . (bits per pixel) . , 24 bits per pixel 224 . , : =

[2] SECAM 25 fps.

1 . 3 . 3 K I N O Y M E N H E I K O N A K A I K I N O Y M E N A PA I K A

25

: = bytes . 1.1 T , 320 240 , 15 fps 24 bit (3 bytes) : 15 (320 240 3) 60 = 198 MB. . : H.261px64 ( ) 100:1 2000:1. MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) 200:1. : MPEG1, MPEG2 MPEG4. , , (moving graphics) (animation) , / (realtime). ( ), ( ) . 1.3 ) CDROM ) DVDROM; PAL, 640 480 24 bit.

1.3.4

. : (sampling rate) (step size).

26


. , . ( 1.3). , , . 8000 / sec 8 bit. CD, 44,1 kHz 16 bits (2 bytes). : = . 1.2 ( ) CD : 2 44.100 2 60 bytes = 176.400 60 bytes = 10.584.000 bytes ~10 MB 22 kHz 11 kHz 8 bit, . (MPEG Audio Layer I, II III). 1.4 ( ) 40 ( ) CD . ( ), .

1.5 ,

1 . 4 I K T YA T H E M A T I K H

27

. : . . () . MPEG .

1.4

: ( ) . (telematic networks) . ,

28


1.6

. , , (computer network) . . / ( ), . , . (K) K E (A)

1.6. , , , () . , ( ) () () () ( ) ( ). ( ) ( ). ( , , ..) ( ). , , , , .


29

. , , . , ( , , ). -

. . . , , . . . , , . . . (HiFi), . . . (), . . .

120 Hz

< 50 bit/s . . .

3.400 Hz

9.600 bit/s . . .

3.400 Hz

48 kbit/s 64 kbit/s . . .

2 16 kHz

2 400 kbit/s . . .

5 MHz

~ 70 Mbit/s . . .

1.7

30


. . , , .. . . , . . , , . ( ) . . (bandwidth) Hertz (Hz), (data signalling rate, bit rate) bit/s bps. 1.7 . , ( , , ), ( , , , , , ..), (, ), .. . ( ), , , , . , .


31

. , , , , , . (Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN). , ( ). ISDN , , ISDN (Broadband ISDN, BISDN), , ( ) (, , ..). , . , (, , ..), , . . ( ), ( , , , , ..) ( ). 1.5 . .

1.6 . -

32


. . . .

1.6 : Internet .

1.5

: ITU .

1 . 5 Y H P E I E T H E M AT I K H

33

, , , . (public services) ( ) . , (telex), , , , , , , , , .. , . , . . , . (International Telecommunications Union, ITU), , 1980 [3]. , ITU, : . -

[3] CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) 1994 ITU. , ITU, ITU (ITUT).

34


, , , .. : [4] (, ) , ( ) , . . (network providers). , , . , (service providers), (service designers) . . (telematic application). , / (telelearning teletraining), (telemedicine) (teleworking). ( 1.3). (multimedia telematic services) (multimedia services), 1.8.

[4] , .


35

Y (, , .)

T Y Y , , ( , videotex, telefax, .) Y (, , TV, .)

1.8

(multimedia) , , . , , , (video), (animation) (, ). (multimedia email) (World Wide Web, WWW). ( ) : (, ). , (Computer Integrated Office, CIO) (Computer Integrated Manufacturing, CIM). , (

36


). ( , ). ( ). ( ). (, , , ..). , (telerobotics). ( , ). ( , , , ). ITU, ( ) : (bearer services). (teleservices). (complementary services). . . . . , ( , , ), (transfer attributes) . ITU , , . .


37

T

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1.9

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() ( ) 3.1 kHz ( ). : ( ). ( fax). ( modem /). , () . , . 1.9. , , , , , .. . . . :

38


1. . , . 2. , ( ), ( ) .., . , . : (fax) , . . . (pager) (, ) . ( ) , . (.. X.25). , ( ). ( , , , ) , . ( , ),


39

( , , , , ), (voice mail) . , , , ( ) (Value Added Services, VAS), ( ). (VAS providers). , , . , (Internet) (mobile communication networks). , , , , (information society). 1.7 , , . .

1.8 , ITU, ( ) ; 1.9 . .

40


. . : . , , , , . . . , , , . ( ) . . . ITU , .

YNOH

41

, 2 (, 1989) 8 (, 1996). (Simon, 1996), 3 (Fluckiger, 1995). , (Heldman, 1993), (Heldman, 1994), (Pecar, 1993). , .. ( ), , / (), 1989. , .., , , 1996, ISBN: 9607235703. Fluckiger, F., Understanding Networked Multimedia: Applications and Technology, Prentice Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0131909924. Heldman, R., Future Telecommunications: Information Applications, Services & Infrastructure, McGrawHill, 1993, ISBN: 0070280398. Heldman, R., Information Telecommunications: Networks, Products & Services, McGrawHill, 1994, ISBN: 0070280401. Pecar, J.A., OConnor, R.J., Gardin, D.A., Telecommunications Factbook, McGrawHill, 1993, ISBN: 0070491836. Simon, E., Distributed Information Systems: From Client / Server to Distributed Multimedia, McGrawHill, 1996, ISBN: 0077090764.

, , , .

2

: , , , ISDN ISDN o ISDN o X.25 .

44

K E A A I O 2 : I K T YA T H E M A T I K H

, , , , , , D ISDN ISDN ISDN

E I A I K E A PAT H P H E I

45

. 7 X.25 Hellaspac, Hellascom, Hellastel

. , , . , (.. , , , ..). , ,

46


(network access points). , , . , / (.. ), . . (.. , , ..), (, , ..). , /, , . , , . (Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN), (Intelligent Networks, INs). . X.25 (frame relay) (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM). ( ) . ( ) (Internet), ( 3).

2.1 THENIKO IKTYO

47

2.1

: . (Public Switched Telephone Network, PSTN) . 1.4 1, . . , .2.1.1

, () , . , . -

48


2.1 (), 10 45 . (1)/2 .

()

() K

Z

() 2.1

K

T K

() , 2.1 (). , . , -

2.1 THENIKO IKTYO

49

. . , 2.1 (), . . , () . , . , : . . , / . , , . . , . , . , . , , . -

50


, , .

2.1 (3) ;

2.2 ; ;

2.1.2

2.2. ( ) (..) . .. . .. (..). , , , .. .. (..) . , .. (..), . .. . ( ..) 2.2. . ,

2 . 1 . 2 I E PA P X I A I K T Y O Y P O M O O H H A P I M O O T H H

51

. . 2.2 ..[1]

K

K (.. 6)

K K (.. M 63)

K K (.. A 632)

T K (.. N 6392)

2.2

A

B K

.

[1] .

52


, , , . , , , , , , ... . , . , , . , .., . , ( 0), , (..) , . . 0 , , 00, , . , , . . . 2.1 .

2 . 1 . 2 I E PA P X I A I K T Y O Y P O M O O H H A P I M O O T H H

53

, .. 6 .. 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, .. .. .. 631, 632, 634, .. .. .. 6322, 6329, .. .. .. . , 2, 9, ... , . , , 0 . , , , . , . ( + ) . , (1), , (.. 61), , ... , , ( .. ) . 2.1 : . . . . . .

54


. . .

2.2 (X ). . 1. : ) , , , . ) , , , . ) , , , . ) , , , . [] [] [] []

2. (bandwidth) , , : ) 31 kHz ) 3.100 Hz ) 3.100 kHz ) 3 Hz [] [] [] []

2.1.3

, , . , , . . , .

2 . 1 . 3 Y T H M A T A I A Y N E H T H E N I K A K E N T PA

55

1892, Almon Strowger . , . . . , , , , , , , .. , , . , (. 1.3 1). , ( ) () (Pulse Code Modulation, PCM), .2.1.4

. : 1. . , . 2. , . . 3. . / . (Integrated Digital Networks, IDN). 4.

56


, . (Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN) , . , , , . 2.3 , : , , , . 2.3 ; , , .

. . .

2 . 2 B A I K E A P X E X E I A H I K T Y N T H E M AT I K H

57

2.2

: . ( ) . , , / , , , .. . :)

, . : . ( ), . ( 40 ). . .

58


. .)

, , . , , (.. ). , , , , . : . . . .)

, . , , , : , . . .

2 . 2 B A I K E A P X E X E I A H I K T Y N T H E M AT I K H

59

)

, : . ( ). . . .)

, . , , : . . . .)

. , , : . ,

60


. .)

, . , , , , .

2.3 (ISDN)

: ISDN ISDN ISDN, ISDN ISDN o ISDN ISDN ISDN. (, , , ..). , . -

2.3 HIAKO IKTYO ENOOIHMENN YHPEIN (ISDN)

61

, : : (hardware) . , , , . : , . : , . , , . , , . . , , , , , . (Integreted Services Digital Network, ISDN), , , , .2.3.1 ISDN

ISDN () . ISDN ,

62


. , ISDN, ISDN .2.3.1.1 ISDN

ISDN 64 kbps . . , 64 kbps . ITUT (. 1.5 1) : 64 kbps. D () 16 kbps 64 kbps. 384 (0), 1536 (11) 1920 (12) kbps. , , , , . D . . (outband signalling). D . , D 16 ( 64) kbps. , , , , .. . (Basic Rate Access, BRA) (Primary Rate Access, PRA).

2.3.1 H APXITEKTONIKH TOY IKTYOY ISDN

63

64 kbps D 16 kbps. . : 2B+D = 2 64 kbps + 16 kbps = 144 kbps. , , . , (.. ). , , . 30 64 kbps D 64 kbps, : 30B+D = 30 64 kbps + 64 kbps = 1924 kbps. , 1544 kbps 23 D ( 64 kbps) [23B+D]. H , , , (PABX), .

2.4 (X ). . 1. (bandwidth) , , : ) 3 kbps []

64


) 300 Hz ) 3.000 Hz ) 64 kbps

[] [] []

2. (basic rate) ISDN , , : ) 64 kbps ) 128 kbps ) 1,54 Mbps ) 44 Mbps [] [] [] []

3. (primary rate) ISDN , , : ) 64 kbps ) 128 kbps ) 1,92 Mbps ) 1984 kbps [] [] [] []

2.3.1.2 ISDN

ISDN (interface), . ITUT ( 2.3). (functional groups) ( ). (reference points) . , , . ISDN : 1 (Network Termination 1, NT1): . 1 ISDN

2.3.1 H APXITEKTONIKH TOY IKTYOY ISDN

65

R TE2 TA TE1

S

T

U

K T

NT2

NT1

LT

ST

2.3

T ISDN

ISDN

( ) . , , , . , 1 [ (loopback) ]. 2 (Network Termination 2, NT2): , , , , , , . 2 S . 1 (Terminal Equipment 1, TE1): ISDN, , , / . 2 (Terminal Equipment 2, TE2): , , ISDN, / V.24 (RS232) X.21. (Terminal Adaptor, TA). (Line Termination, LT): .

66


LT 1. LT 1 , , .. (Switching Termination, ST): ISDN. . , ( ) ( , ). : R [ rate ()]: 2 ISDN . S [ system ()]: ISDN (1) 2 2. . [ terminal ()]: 2 1. ISDN , . U [ user ()]: 1 LT. 1 ISDN. 2.5 ISDN: ISDN .

2.3.2 YHPEIE TOY IKTYOY ISDN

67

(PABX) 1. ISDN 1.

2.3.2 ISDN

ITU ISDN (bearer services), (teleservices) (complementary services) (. 1.5 1). (s). , 13 (attributes) . , 7 , 2 4 . , . , 64 kbps, 215 Mbps. : 1. : ( ISDN) : 64 kbps. 64 kbps. 3,1 kHz 64 kbps. 2. : ISDN . . ISDN : 3,1 kHz ( ).

68


7 kHz ( ). . . . . . . . : (Advice of Charge, AOC). (Calling Line Identification Presentation, CLIP). (Calling Line Identification Restriction, CLIR). (COnnected Line identification Presentation, COLP). (COnnected Line identification Restriction, COLR). (Closed User Group, CUG). (Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber, CCBS). (CONFerence call add on, CONF). (Meet Me Conference, MMC). (Direct Dialling In, DDI). (Multiple Subscriber Number, MSN). (SUBaddressing, SUB). (Terminal Portability, TP). (UserUser Signalling, UUS).

2 . 3 . 3 TA E O N E K T H M ATA T O Y I K T Y O Y I S D N

69

(Call Waiting, CW). (Call Deflection, CD). (Three ParTY service, 3PTY). (Malicious Call Identification, MCID). ISDN , , , , , , . 2.4 ISDN; ;

2.3.3 T ISDN

ISDN : , , , (), . . . . . . , ISDN , , . , : . . .

70


: . . .2.3.4 ISDN

ISDN . , . ISDN (EuroISDN) , . ISDN (European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI), 25 (Memorandum of Understanding, MoU) 1989, ISDN . ISDN (Narrowband ISDN, NISDB), (Fiber in the Loop, FITL), . , ISDN ISDN (Broadband ISDN, BISDN). 30150 Mbps. ISDN , , , , . SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical NETwork / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), 150 Mbps, (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), STM (Synchronous Transfer Mode) . , (ISDN) (BISDN)

2.3.4 POOTIKE ANATYH TOY IKTYOY ISDN

71

. , , , . 2.6 ISDN: ISDN. ISDN . ISDN .

2.7 (X ). . 1. ISDN: ) . ) . ) . ) . 2. ISDN (Broadband ISDN BISDN) : ) (primary rate), (basic rate). [] [] [] [] []

72


) ISDN. ) ISDN . ) .

[]

[]

[]

2.4 (Intelligent Networks, INs)

: (SIBs), o . 7. , , . : . (switching) (signalling). (service providers) -

2 . 4 E Y Y H I K T YA

73

, , . . (Intelligent Networks, INs), : . (software modules), . , . . , : , , . ( ) . (physical components) . , : , . , , ( ). . , -

74


(.. ISDN), . , ( ). , , . 2.5 (3) .

2.4.1

(Service Independent Building Blocks, SIBs). SIB , 2.4, (inlet) (outlets). SIB

E 2.4

(SIBs)

, SIBs , . SIBs : . . . . SIBs (service

2.4.1 APXITEKTONIKH IN IKTYN

75

logic). (service data). 2.5, (local data) (global data). , (Service Creation Environment, SCE) (Service Management Environment, SME). . , , (service designer) SCE . SIBs . SCE . , (Service Management System, SMS), SME. / SMS .

SIB

SIB

Y SIB SIB

T

2.5

Y

76


H ITUT (Recommendation Q.1200) (Capability Sets, CSs). 1 2 (CS1 CS2), SIBs. 3 (CS3), . 2.6. , SIBs . :

SMS

SDP

IP

SCP

SCP

SCP

SSP 2.6

SSP

(Service Switching Point, SSP): . (bearer services) . (Service Control Point, SCP): ( SIBs ) .

2.4.1 APXITEKTONIKH IN IKTYN

77

(Service Management System, SMS): . , (master copy), SCP, . (Service Data Point, SDP): SCP . (Intelligent Peripheral, IP): (.. ) . : 1. SSP . 2. SSP SCP . 3. SCP SSP. 4. SSP . , , SCP. 5. IP . 6. SMS , , . , SSP SCP (Service Switching and Control Point, SSCP). , SSP SCP . CCS No 7 (. 2.4.3.) , INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part), TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part) SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part).

78


2.8 , , ; ( ), . SCPs .

2.4.2 IN

, . : (freephone): , .. . (premium rate): , .. , / , .. (universal number): (.. ) . (automatic televoting system): ( ). . (emergency response): , ,

2.4.2 YHPEIE IN IKTYN

79

. (nation wide calling card): . . (credit card calling): . (credit card verification): , .. , . (network automatic call distribution): (.. ) . (closed user group): . (queuing): . 2.6 A (5) .

2.4.3

SSP SCP . 7 (Common Channel Signalling No. 7, CCS No. 7) P. (signalling network), . (packet switching) 64 kbps , , ISDN.

80


To CCS No. 7 (Open System Interconnection, OSI). CCS No. 7 : : . : (50100 ms / ) . : . : . : ISDN. : . 2.9 . , . :7 A T K 2 SSP 4 8 B T K 9 10 5 6 SSP

1

3

2 . 5 I K T YA M E T A H A K E T N

81

2.10 . . . , . 5 .. 9 .. , . , , . , (Service Independent Building Blocks, SIBs), (freephone), , .

2.5

: X.25 X.25 (CIR)

82


. , , (dialup ) (leased line), (Packet Switched Data Network, PSDN). ( ) . (packets), . , , , .. , X.25, , . .2.5.1 X.25

( ITUT), ( / / ) : (Switched Virtual Circuit, SVC): , , . (dialup ). (Permanent Virtual Circuit, PVC): . (), . .

2.5.1 PTOKOO X.25

83

.25 ( X.25) / . X.25 . 128 256 bytes, ( 4.096 bytes). (Network User Address, NUA) . X.25 , (overhead) (bits) . , () , , (retransmit) . X.25 1.200 bps 256 kbps. .25 Hellaspac ( 2.6). 2.7 X.25 .

2.5.2 (Frame Relay).

(frame relay) X.25. , , . , , . ( ), -

84


, . , , (). , ISDN. , ISDN. D (Link Access Protocol D, LAPD) . , , , . , , . , . 64 kbps, N 64 kbps 2.048 Mbps. 45 Mbps, 100 Mbps. (connection oriented). , . , , : () , () () . , . . , / , . . , , , . , -

2 . 5 . 2 M E TA H A I I O Y

85

. , . . () (Data Link Connection Identifier, DLCI), . X.25, DLCIs . , . , . . , , . , . . , . , . : () (congestion avoidance) () / (congestion recovery). , , (Committed Information Rate, CIR), bps. CIR . , CIR, , / ( ). ,

86


CIR . CIR, . CIR, . , (CIR), . 2.8 ISDN.

2.5.3 T (ATM)

(Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM) (cells). . , , , (Synchronous Transfer Mode, STM). , () . ( ). , , . ( ) 2.7. . , , . , , , . (connection oriented), (connectionless). To ATM , (Constant Bit Rate, CBR) (Variable Bit Rate, VBR).

2 . 5 . 3 A Y X P O N O T P O O M E TA O P A

87

A T M (ATM) A B A3 B3 3 2 A2 A1 B1 1 X T M (STM) A B A3 B3 3 2 A2 A1 3 B1 1 X 2 1 2.7

3

2

B3

A3

A2

1

B1

A1

3 B3 A3 2

A2 1 B1 A1

(ATM) (STM)

, . . s , ( ). SONET(SDH)/STM . , (Quality of Service, QoS) ( / ). , (Local Area Networks, LANs). To ATM . . .

88


, . . . : () (NetworktoNetwork Interface, NNI) () (UsertoNetwork Interface, UNI). : . . . () (Virtual Path Identifier, VPI) (Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI). . . . . 2.9 : , , , ; .

2 . 6 E E I I K E Y M E N A I K T YA

89

2.11 , , ; X.25.

.

2.6

: Hellaspac Hellascom. . , : . / . . , , , .

90


, , , . (), . / /. : / . . Hellaspac Hellascom , /. Hellastel , .

Hellaspac

To Hellaspac / /. 256 kbps ( /), . Hellaspac, . , , , ... Hellaspac. . , , . . , .


91

(modem) , . Hellaspac (), . . . X.25, . Hellaspac / : : , . : , , . : X.25 . : . : / ( ), . : , .

92


Hellascom

Hellascom , , ( 2.400 bit/s 19.200 bit/s), (n 64 kbit/s, 1 < n < 30). , Hellascom. , . . , (transparent), . Hellascom (Network Management System, NMS). , , . Hellascom / : : . : . : . : 2 Mbit/s.


93

2.10 Hellaspac Hellascom; ;

2.11 , , . , /, . , , /. : 1. / . , /. 2. / ( ) ( .. ). / . ; ;

94


2.12 (X ). . ( ): ) HELLASPAC, , ISDN . ) , HELLASPAC, ISDN . ) ISDN , HELLASPAC, . ) , ISDN , HELLASPAC. [] [] [] []

. , , . , . : . . . , , , , , . ISDN , , .

YNOH

95

ISDN, 64 kbps D 16 kbps. ISDN, 30 64 kbps D 64 kbps. ISDN 1 (1), 2 (2), 1 (1), 2 (2), (LT) (ST). R, S, T, U. ISDN , . ISDN (BISDN) ISDN (NISDN) . , , . (SIBs). , (SCE) (SME). (SSP), (SCP), (SMS), (SDP) (IP). . 7. X.25 . (frame relay) , , .

96


(ATM) . . . Hellaspac Hellascom , /, Hellastel ( ).

P O A I P E T I K H B I B I O PA I A

97

, 2 (, 1989), 1 (, 1996), 5 (Downey, 1998), (, 1991), (Clark, 1993), (Horrocks, 1993), (Flood, 1998) (Pecar, 1993). ISDN (Griffiths, 1992), o 11 (, 1991), 3 (, 1996), 8 (, 1996), 6 (Downey, 1998), (Clark, 1993), (Heldman, 1993), (Heldman, 1994), (Horrocks, 1993) (Pecar, 1993). (Magedanz, 1996), (Clark, 1993) (Horrocks, 1993). (, 1997) (Black 1997). , Hellaspac Hellascom 5 6 ( 1996) 5 (, 1994). , ., , ., , 1991, ISBN: 9602200863. , .., , .., , , 1991. , .., , , 1994. , ., , ., , ., , , 1994, ISBN: 9607235568. , .. ( ), , / (), 1989. , .., , , 1996, ISBN: 9607235703. , ., , . ., 1997, ISBN: 9607219643. Black, U., Emerging Communications Technologies, Prentice Hall, 1997, ISBN: 0137428340.

98


Clark, M.P., Networks and Telecommunications: Design and Operation, John Wiley & Sons, 1993. Downey, D., Boland, S., Walsh, P., Communications Technology Guide for Business, Artech House, 1998, ISBN: 0890068275. Flood, J.E. (editor), Telecommunications Networks, 2nd edition, IEE Telecommunications Series 36, 1998, ISBN: 0852968868. Griffiths, J.M., ISDN Explained, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1992, ISBN: 0471934801. Heldman, R., Future Telecommunications: Information Applications, Services & Infrastructure, McGrawHill, 1993, ISBN: 0070280398. Heldman, R., Information Telecommunications: Networks, Products & Services, McGrawHill, 1994, ISBN: 0070280401. Horrocks, R.J., Scarr, R.W.A., Future Trends in Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, 1993, ISBN: 047193724X. Magedanz, T., PopescuZeletin, R., Intelligent Networks: Basic Technology, Standards and Evolution, International Thompson Computer Press, 1996, ISBN: 1850322937. Pecar, J.A., OConnor, R.J., Gardin, D.A., Telecommunications Factbook, McGrawHill, 1993, ISBN: 0070491836.

, . .

3

: , , , (, ) (Internet) Internet.

100

K E A A I O 3 : Y H P E I E T H E M AT I K H

videotex MOTIS / X.400

Internet ARPANET TCP/IP Internet IP / SMTP POP IMAP FTP Telnet Usenet IRC

E I A I K E A PAT H P H E I

101

intranet

Internet

, . . , . , ( ), , . , . , . (teletext videotex ), (interactive videotex), (facsimile telefax fax), (electronic mail email), (paging), (mobile telephony), (videoconference), (videotelephony) (cable TV). , , ( 4). , (Internet) , -

102


. , Internet, (ftp), (telnet), Usenet IRC, (World Wide Web), , .

3 . 1 T A I N O M H H Y H P E I N T H E M AT I K H

103

3.1

: ITU . / . . , . . . : 1. () . 2. ( , , ..). 3. . 3. ( ). , ITU, o (International Standards Organisation, ISO), .. .

104


, , (narrowband) (broadband). M , , , , , .. , (fixed) (mobile) . , , , , . , . , . , . (analogue) (digital) , (wired) (wireless). , , (hardcopy) (softcopy). ITU, ( ) : 1. (interactive services), . 2. (distribution services), .


105

: 1. (conversational services), : , , , , , , , , .. , , , .. , (Local Area Networks, LANs) , , , .. 2. (messaging services), : ( , , , ..). . , , , , , , , .. 3. (retrieval services), , , , , , : (videotex) , , , .. (video on demand) . :

106


( , ). ( , ) ( ). . . ( ) . 3.1 . , . , (, , , , ), . 3.1 . . 3.1, . , / . , ( ), , ( 4). , (Internet) , ( ) . 3.1 (5) .


107

A

E E E

O Y T (teletex) T

E

(Videotex teletext) T ( videotex) T

E H E Y E H/Y E M , , T T T T T T A , K Y A, K A , , , N E Z K ( E () E E (M) T K ) H (WWW) T

3.1

108


3.2

: . ( ) . (, ) . , (hardcopy), (softcopy). , , (teletext videotex ) (videotex viewdata) (interactive videotex). (frames pages) , (decoder), . . (24 40 ) . , , -

3 . 2 Y H P E I E T H E M A T I K H I A E I K O I N N I A M E M E TA O P A K E I M E N O Y

109

3.2

, 3.2.3.2.1

. ( ). 3.3. , (data bases), / . (menu), [1] ( -

[1] (Vertical Blank Interval, VBI).

110


3.3

TV

T

) . . . , , . , . .

3 . 2 Y H P E I E T H E M A T I K H I A E I K O I N N I A M E M E TA O P A K E I M E N O Y

111

, ( ) (TV control) . , , . . , . , , 1/4 , 100 25 ( ). , , , 100 200. , , .. , , , , .. Teletext, Ceefax Oracle (.. Antiope ). , . . . .

112


3.1 (X ). . 1. : ) . ) .

[] []

) . [ ] ) videotex. []

2. : ) .

[]

) videotex, . [] ) . ) .

[] []

3.2.2

, . 3.4, videotex. videotex ( 105) . , videotex , . -

3 . 2 . 2 T H E E I K O N O PA I A

113

K Videotex

M M E

A/ Videotex

T

T K

Modem

3.4

T

T

. , videotex. videotex . , (modem). videotex ( / ) . , , , (menu) , . , videotex .

114


videotex (videotex management centre) (videotex application servers). , / : . . . /, , : . . . . (.. Hellaspac ), (Videotex Access Points, VAPs). : . . . . . () : (VAPs).

3 . 2 . 2 T H E E I K O N O PA I A

115

. videotex. videotex . (information content providers). (editing terminals), / . , , VAPs . .101 ITUT , , . , , : (alphamosaic) : 24 40 . ASCII, 8 10 , , , .. , 3 2 , 72 80 . , . , : Profile 1 ( ), Profile 2 ( ) Profile 3 ( ). (alphageometric) : (primitives)[2] [2] , , , , ..

116


. , . NAPLPS (North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax). (alphaphotographic) : (picture elements, pixels) ( ). ( CAPTAIN). VAPs , . , . Prestel Gateway ( ), X.29, EHKP Videotex Interworking VI. , , , . , : 1) , : . / . . (, , , ). (, , ..). , , . , . . (, , , , ..). (, , ..).

3 . 2 . 2 T H E E I K O N O PA I A

117

2) , : . . . (, , ..). (.. ) . . 3) , : (home shopping). , , (home booking). (holiday booking). (home banking). , (closed user groups), , , , . , ( ). , . ... (NAPLPS) . Teletel, (Minitel) . DataVision, Prestel, Vista, Bildschirmtext, Viewtron (...) Videotel (). , Hellastel, .

118


, (Personal Computer, PC) . , . 3.2 videotex .

3.2 (X ). . , : ) . ) . ) . ) modem. [] [] [] []

3.3 THEOMOIOTYIA

119

3.3

: / ITUT . (facsimile telefax fax) , . , /, , , , , .. . 1890, Alexander Bayne . , . ( ) , (modem). (sensors) . , , , .

120


, / : (reader): . ( ), . (coder): (.. ). (modulator): . (transmitter): . . / : (demodulator): . (modem). (receiver): , . (decoder): . (printer): . ITUT, ( T.5, T.6, T.62, T.72, T.73), ( ), (groups). (Group 1 Group 2) 3 6 4. Group 3 2080 , Group 4 5 , X.25.

3.3 THEOMOIOTYIA

121

Group 4 64 kbps. , ISDN. . , 1960 . , . , . , . , , , , , , , . / (RS232C). . : 1. ( ). 2. , , , , , , , , . 3. , ( ). , , , , . -

122


50% . , , .

3.3 , / .

3.4

: MOTIS / X.400. (electronic mail email) . , , , . / ( ). . , , ( modem) ( ) (Internet)[3]. [3] (Internet email) 3.7.2.

3 . 4 H E K T P O N I K O TA X Y P O M E I O

123

(mailbox) . , . , , . , . , , , , . , . , . (.. ). , . , , , . , 1984 ITUY (Message Handling Systems, MHS), . , X.400, ISO (Open Systems Interconnection, OSI), MOTIS (MessageOriented Text Interchange Systems). , 1988, ITUT, X.400, MOTIS ISO, MOTIS/X.400 . MOTIS/X.400

124


, . : 1. (composition): . (text editor) ( , ..). 2. (transfer): , (transparent) . 3. (reporting): . 4. (conversion): (.. ). 5. (formatting): . (.. ). 6. (disposition): , , , , . , , , . , MOTIS/X.400 , : . , ,


125

, .. (distribution list), . , . MOTIS/X.400 , : 1. (user messages): . . . 2. (replies): . , , . 3. (probes): . . , , . 3.5 MOTIS/X.400, . , (User Agent, UA) . , , . (Message Transfer Agent, MTA) . , , .

126


UA UA MS 1 2 MTA MS UA

MTA MTS

3.5

UA UA

UA

UA:User Agent MS:Message Store

MTA:Message Transfer Agent MTS:Message Transfer System

/ ( ), / . (Message Store, MS). ( , , , ...). (Message Transfer System, MTS) (administrative domains). , .


127

3.3 , , ; . 4 .

MOTIS/X.400 , . .

3.4 (X ). . : ) . ) ( videotex). ) . ) . [] [] [] []

128


3.5

: , . (mobile services) . , , . .3.5.1

(paging) (pager). , , . , , . , , . , (0921 ) . , . -

3.5 KINHTE YHPEIE

129

( ), (.. ). . . . 1987 . ERMES (European Radio MESsaging System) . (.. , , , , , ..). 3.5 (X ). . : ) . ) . ) . ) .

[] []

[] []

3.5.2

, (mobile telephony) . , .

130


, . ( ), . . , , . , . , , . , , , . , . . , , . , (.. ), . , , . , . , (cellular network), , , , .

3.5.2 KINHTH THENIA

131

K M

B (B) K

K M

B K

3.6

, 3.6, : (mobile unit), (base station) (Mobile Switching Center, MCS). (cells), . . . , : , , (.. ). . Mz . . . , (roaming).

132


. . . ( ) . . . , , . , . , , , , , , , .. . [4], , () .

3.4 ;

3.6 (X ). . 1. GSM :

[4] 1991 .

3.6 YHPEIE EYPEIA ZNH

133

) .

[]

) [ ] ) . ) . []

[]

2. (cellular) : ) . ) . ) . ) .

[] [] [] []

3.6

: , , . (broadband services) , , ( ), .

134


, , . , , , .3.6.1

(videoconference) , . ( ) studio, , , , , (.. , , ..), 3.7. studio , , .. . , , ,

T

M T

M

3.7

T

M

Studio

3.6.1 THEEIKONOIAKEH

135

studio , , ( ) , , .., , . . , . , . : . . . . . . , , : , , . . . . (.. ). 3.7 ; (studio), ;

136


3.8

3.6.2

(videotelephony), (videophone picturephone). , 3.8 , . , , , .. ISDN.3.6.3

(cable TV) . , (), , . (, ..),

3.6.2 EIKONOTHENIA

137

() . , , , studio ( ). , ( ) . 3.8 (X ). . 1. : ) HELLASPAC. ) HELLASTEL. ) HELLASCOM. ) DAS. [] [] [] []

2. : ) . ) . ) . ) . [] [] [] []

138


3.7 Internet

: (Internet) Internet Internet (ftp) (telnet) Usenet IRC (WWW) Internet . Internet () . Internet /, (Transmission Control Protocol, TCP) (Internet Protocol, IP) . , Internet , , , , , , ( Internet) . Internet , , , , , , . Internet 1960 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) (Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA) UCLA, Stanford Utah -

3.7 YHPEIE INTERNET

139

, . ARPANET . 1971 ( ) (. 3.7.3 3.7.4). ( 1972) (. 3.7.2). ARPANET , 1974 TCP/IP . 1982 TCP/IP ARPANET. ARPANET, , . , MILNET , ARPANET . ARPANET , , Internet (). Internet Internet.3.7.1 Internet

To Internet TCP/IP . TCP/IP , ( TCP IP). TCP/IP ( TCP IP), . TCP/IP TCP IP .

140


TCP/IP . TCP/IP TCP/IP (TCP/IP internets). TCP/IP TCP/IP (Internet). TCP/IP Internet , , TCP/IP , intranet. Internet, , /, , (modem), TCP/IP ( ), ( , , .., ) Internet (Internet Service Provider, ISP), Internet . Internet 3.9. Internet : (dialup): Internet. ISP Internet. . ISDN (dialup ISDN): (410 sec) 2 4 ( ). (leased line): . Internet 24 . .

3.9

Internet

X M M Modem T Y Internet (ISP) Internet

3.7.1 BAIKH TEXNOOIA INTERNET

141

X

A T

T , ISDN, ,

Internet LAN Modem, CSU/DSU 3.10

Internet

Internet (Local Area Network, LAN), ISDN (frame relay) , 3.10 (routers) ( , firewalls). , , , Internet ISPs. (backbone) Internet, , , , (Network Service Providers, NSPs). ISPs NSPs . Internet , , Internet. , , . ( )

142


, . , . / , . , . , Internet . Internet . . . / . Internet (IP) , Internet. IP . 32 bit, 8 bit, (.. 128.10.2.1). , . IP (Domain Name System, DNS). IP . . , . .

3.7.1 BAIKH TEXNOOIA INTERNET

143

Internet. DNS (name servers), Internet . , DNS , , ... . . : .arpa: Internet . .com: . .edu: . .gov: . .mil: . .net, .org: . . . .gr, .uk, .de, ... . (domains) . (domain names) . . , ote.gr ote ().

144


. , () , . (subdomain), . , dm.ote.gr (.gr), (ote.gr) . , artemis.dm.ote.gr artemis . , Internet / (client / server). , ( ) / (, client) ( ) (, server). 3.5 : Internet . Internet .

3.6 (Domain Name System, DNS) Internet .

3.7.2 Internet

Internet. Internet 3.4. -

3 . 7 . 2 H E K T P O N I K O TA X Y P O M E I O T O I N T E R N E T

145

/ . Internet , . (.. [email protected]). 3.4 . Internet SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) TCP/IP. , (email) / SMTP ISP / . / SMTP, . , (editor), (mailer) . , SMTP, Internet. , . , . , (mailer) . , . Internet . . . . , . , . ,

146


, . SMTP Internet. POP (Post Office Protocol), , Internet SLIP PPP (PointtoPoint Protocol). , Internet (dialup), IP , Internet, / ISP ( , mail server), Internet, . , POP. , , . POP, IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). Internet , , , , , . SMTP , . SMTP. , . , uuencode, Unix, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), [5].

[5] .

3 . 7 . 3 M E TA O PA A P X E I N

147

SMTP. To MIME Internet, . (headers) . , SMTP, Internet. , . , , , , .. MIME , SMTP . 3.9 , Internet, ; Internet . .

3.7.3

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) TCP/IP. , FTP . , . -

148


. . FTP , . . FTP : . . FTP TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), , ( ) .3.7.4

telnet (telecommunications network) . , Internet, Internet . . . . , , / , Internet. . , , , -

3 . 7 . 4 P O B A H E A O M A K P Y M E N O T E P M AT I K O

149

/ . Telnet TCP/IP. , . , . Telnet . Telnet ( SMTP FTP) / , Telnet Telnet . . , , . . (.. ) . FTP Telnet . .3.7.5 Usenet

, , . ( ) . Usenet , -

150


Internet. (newsgroups) . , . Usenet (post) Internet . Usenet (Network News Transfer Protocol, NNTP) ( Usenet, Usenet servers). () Usenet, / Internet . Usenet , Usenet. Usenet , . Usenet . : comp (computers): /. , , , , .. humanities: . news: Usenet. , Usenet Usenet. rec (recreation): , (.. , , , ..). sci (scientific): , . , , , , , .. soc (social): .

3 . 7 . 4 P O B A H E A O M A K P Y M E N O T E P M AT I K O

151

( ) . talk: , , , , .. misc (miscellaneous): , , , .. Usenet, Usenet , , ( ) , Internet . 20.000 Usenet, , Usenet . Usenet . . comp, /. , os comp. , comp.os. , linux, mswindows, os2, .. , linux comp.os.linux. , comp.os.linux.setup, comp.os.mswindows.apps.utilities.win98, ... Usenet Usenet . , Usenet (Usenet reader) :

152


. (subscription) , , . . (thread) . (.. , , ..).

3.7 Usenet, .

3.7.6 IRC

IRC (Internet Relay Chat) , . IRC / . IRC (IRC server) IRC IRC (IRC clients) . , IRC IRC , . , IRC IRC IRC . IRC

3.7.6 IRC

153

Internet. IRC , . IRC (chat rooms), IRC . , . (topic) . , #hellas, #athens, #talk, #chat, #friends, # ( ), ... #, IRC / (.. /join #_)

IRC . smileys, . : :) :) ;) (:

(:) (:( :* :/ :> ;( :P B)

154


3.7.7

(World Wide Web, WWW W3) Internet. . / (hypertext) ( ), , ( ) . , WWW . (links) (), Internet. , . . . (links). , . , . (highlighted) , , , . () . (browsers). , . ( .. , , , ..) (hypermedia).

3.7.7 AKOMIO ITO

155

Internet (Universal Resource Location, URL) . WWW , , . , WWW , HTML (HyperText Markup Language). TCP/IP ( FTP Telnet), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), / . WWW Internet . Internet, , , . , WWW , . Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Communicator. , , (web site), WWW Internet . WWW , WWW ISPs. WWW . WWW . (URL) (home page) . . , WWW , WWW , ( ) , .

156


( ), , . : Yahoo, Altavista, Lycos Infoseek. , , WWW 55 ! (portals) WWW , . Internet , . , Internet . intranets . intranet ( ) Internet . Internet. intranet , . intranet : . Internet WWW. . intranets , , , .

3.7.7 AKOMIO ITO

157

(Streaming Media)

(streaming media) . Internet . , : (real time): , (video clip), . (pseudostreaming video): . , , , , , . . , ISP . , (streaming audio) , , , (encoder). O , . Internet :

158


, , . . . Internet Real Video Real Audio Real Networks, Microsoft Media Player.

3.8 (web site) (http://www.eap.gr) , , .

3.10 (X ). . 1. ARPAnet : ) Internet. ) Internet. ) Internet () . ) Internet.

[] []

[] []

2. (web pages) (web site) :

3.7.8 THENIA ME INTERNET

159

) . ) . ) Internet. ) Usenet.

[] [] [] []

3.7.8 Internet

Internet . Internet / , , , Internet. . (half duplex) , , . (full duplex) modem . . ( ) Internet . ( ) . , .

Internet

Internet, . Internet (administrator), . , -

160


Internet, , , / . , , TCP/IP, , (crash), (denial of service), . Internet . , , . , , . , , . , , , , ( ) . , , . Internet . , , (passwords) , Internet . , , . Internet .

3.7.8 THENIA ME INTERNET

161

, . , , . (public key cryptography). () , ( ), , ( ), , . , , . , , . RSA Data Systems, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), Internet.

3.11 (X ). . 1. Internet : ) Ftp. ) Usenet. ) World Wide Web. ) Telnet. [] [] [] []

2. Internet :

162


) World Wide Web. ) Usenet. ) Ftp. ) Email.

[] [] [] []

3. Internet: ) WAN. ) TCP/IP. ) World Wide Web. ) Intranet. [] [] [] []

4. Internet : ) . ) . ) . ) . [] [] [] []

YNOH

163

. . ITU, ( , ) ( ). ( ) . . , . , (VAPs). , , . , , , . , .

164


, , , . MOTIS / X.400. , . . . , , . , , ( ), . , . , . , (), , . Internet () . TCP/IP . Internet, , /, , (modem), TCP/IP, Internet (Internet Service Provider, ISP), Internet .

YNOH

165

Internet , , Internet. Internet (IP ) . (Domain Name System, DNS). O Internet / (client / server), ( ) / (, client) ( ) (, server). Internet SMTP TCP/IP. Internet SMTP, POP MIME. Internet FTP, TCP/IP. telnet Internet. Telnet TCP/IP. Usenet , Internet. (newsgroups), . IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Internet, . (World Wide Web, WWW W3) Internet. / (hypertext) ( ),

166


, ( ) . intranet , Internet . Internet . Internet . Internet .

YNOH

167

2 (, 1989), 8 (, 1996), (, 1991), (Downey, 1998), (Heldman, 1993) (Heldman, 1994). (, 1992) (, 1995), (Halton, 1993), 11 (Fluckiger, 1995) (, 1995), (Lin, 1997). (, 1997). 10 (Fluckiger, 1995), (, 1999). , Internet (, 1999) (Downey, 1998). , ., Videotex, Anubis, 1992, ISBN: 960306016X. , ., , ., , 1991, ISBN: 9602200863. , ., , , 46, 1995, . 3438. , ., , ., , ., , , 1999, . 3743. , .., , , 1997, . 3235. , ., , ., Internet, Anubis, 1999, ISBN: 9603062219. , .. ( ), , / (), 1989. , .., , , 1996, ISBN: 9607235703. Downey, D., Boland, S., Walsh, P., Communications Technology Guide for

168


Business, Artech House, 1998, ISBN: 0890068275. Halton, K., Facsimile, in: Telecommunications Engineering: A Structured Information Programme, The Institution of British Telecommunications Engineers (IBTE), Issue 8, 4/93, pp. 11.4.111.4.8. Heldman, R., Future Telecommunications: Information Applications, Services & Infrastructure, McGrawHill, 1993, ISBN: 0070280398. Heldman, R., Information Telecommunications: Networks, Products & Services, McGrawHill, 1994, ISBN: 0070280401. Lin, Y.B., Paging Systems: Network Architectures and Interfaces, IEEE Network, Vol. 11, No. 4, July / August 1997, pp. 5661. Fluckiger, F., Understanding Networked Multimedia: Applications and Technology, Prentice Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0131909924.

, .

4

: GSM , WAP .

: (1G), (2G) (3G) AMPS GSM GSM

170

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