+ 2.2 Measuring Abiotic Components. + Investigation Must Choose 2 of the following factors to study...
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Transcript of + 2.2 Measuring Abiotic Components. + Investigation Must Choose 2 of the following factors to study...
+Investigation
Must Choose 2 of the following factors to study
Investigate how these factors vary between ecosystems, or different areas over time, distance, or depth
+Three Major Ecosystem Types
Marine – oceans, salt water
Freshwater – rivers, lakes and streams
Terrestrial – land
+Temperature
Temperature - Every organism has an optimal temperature range in which it thrives.
How to measure- Use a Thermometer (Vernier)
Temperature
+Salinity
Salinity (saltiness) - marine organisms tolerate a variety of salt concentration levels in the water
How to measure: Electrical conductivity can also indicate the amount of dissolved ions in solution – can use Vernier conductivity probe.
Conductivity
+pH – Acidity
0- 14 scale (0= Strong Acid, 14 = Strong Base) The pH of saltwater is higher (8.2)than freshwater (7.5).
How to measure- Vernier pH probe
pH
+
Dissolved oxygen -the amount of oxygen available determines which organisms can survive in a particular location.
DO levels fall with increased temperature and organic compounds from either sewage, agriculture, or industry
DO can range from 0-18 mg/L, but most healthy ecosystems have a DO level of 5-6 mg/L
How to measure – Use Vernier probe to measure DO by stirring the probe in a water sample
Dissolved Oxygen Probe
Dissolved Oxygen
+
The rate at which water moves through a specified area in a given amount of time.
How to measure- Time how long a partially-submerged object takes to travel a certain distance
Flow Velocity
+Turbidity
A cloudy condition in water due to suspended silt or organic matter.
How to measure- Use a Secchi disk and record the length at which it is no longer visible (pictured Below)
+Temperature Depends on insolation (incoming sunlight), wind &
ventilation, latitude, color and texture of the surface
Temperature
+Light Intensity
Influences photosynthesis rates as well as body temperature of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals)
Light intensity varies with weather conditions, season, time of day, and surrounding terrain & vegetation cover
How to measure - light meters / sensor
Light Sensor
+Wind Speed
Wind speed –wind carries sediment and acts as a desiccating (drying) force in ecosystems, increasing evaporation and transpiration rates
How to measure - Anemometer: spinning cups on a permanent or hand-held post. The number of revolutions per time period can be converted to a wind velocity
Anemometer