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T4/3/12

Distribution of Industry

Ch. 11.1 - pp. 342-349

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I. Origin of Industry– Traditionally, most goods made near home– Britain first saw shift from cottage industries

to the Industrial Revolution in mid-18th C.• Cottage industries (“putting-out” system) – wool

taken to homes for production

– Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, and food processing

• Required power source & inventions• Most important was James Watt’s steam engine

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I. Origin of Industry (cont.)

– A. iron – needed consistent heat• Henry Cort – Fareham, England• Reliance on iron production

– B. coal – main energy source, replaces wood– C. transportation – rivers, canals, railroads

(1820s & 1830s)• RR’s develop later in continental Europe b/c of lack of

cooperation b/w states

– D. textiles – 1st major industry• Begin to be centrally located due to inefficiency of

cottage industry & river power as initial energy source

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I. Origin of Industry (cont.)

– E. chemicals – bleaching of cotton• Sulfuric acid from burnt coal produced vitriolic acids

used for dyes

– F. food processing – began canning for urban areas & factory workers

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Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution

Figure 11-2

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Industrial Regions

Figure 11-3

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II. Industrial Regions– A. Europe

• Emerged in late 19th & early 20th C.• Began in Britain, diffused to continental Europe• 1. U.K.

– Began w/ steel & textiles– Quickly had outdated machinery– Kept pace w/ other industrial countries through WWII– Emphasized industrial growth w/ little gov’t intervention (“laissez-faire”)

• 2. Germany – Rhine-Ruhr Valley – major port of Rotterdam– Mid-Rhine region – internal Europe, used Rhine river as

transportation source » Includes Alsace & Lorraine» Affected by Cold War – Frankfurt’s growth

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II. Industrial Regions– A. Europe (cont.)

• 3. Southern Europe– Po Basin (Italy) – textiles, cheap labor– NE Spain – Barcelona, more recent

» Growth of car industry, but all foreign cars

• 4. Eastern Europe– Several Russian cities – Moscow, St. Petersburg (Leningrad)– Other Russian regions – Volga river cities, Ural Mountains,

Kuznetsk region– Non-Russian regions – Donetsk (Ukraine) & Silesia (Poland

& Czech Rep.)» All helped by Soviet desire for growth» Encouraged factory growth – compete w/ West» Gov’t run (public vs. private)» Many natural resources

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II. Industrial Regions– B. North America

• Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe• U.S. has three major regions:

– 1. North East – oldest region» Began w/ textiles in New England (mill towns)» Mid-Atlantic region important for trade due to major cities

(New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore)» Growth of Erie Canal – helps western NY & Great Lakes

– 2. Midwest – western PA’s natural resources » Pittsburgh – steel, iron» Great Lakes & river cities

– 3. California – cheap labor, fueled by WWII (Pacific theater)» Began w/ military production

• Canada – Southeastern Ontario– Location to U.S. markets & Great Lakes

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II. Industrial Regions– C. East Asia

• 1. Japan – fueled by post-WWII reconstruction– Cheap labor, later lost to SE Asian Dragons– Now focused on electronics & cars

• 2. China – more recent growth– 1990s Chinese communist gov’t allows private foreign growth– 3 major regions – all on Pacific coast

» Guandgong & Hong Kong» Yangtze River Valley – Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan» Gulf of Bo Hai – Tianjin, Beijing, Shenyang

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