© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

T1/24/12

Ethnic DistributionCh. 7.1 – pp. 206-217

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Intro: Ethnicity

• Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos, meaning “national”– Ethnicities share a cultural identity with

people from the same homeland– Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits

• Race = people who share a biological ancestor

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

I. Distribution of Ethnicities in the U.S.

A. Clustering of Ethnicities

1. Regional Concentration of Ethnicities– Hispanics (Latinos) = 15%of the U.S. pop.

• clustered in SW

– African Americans = 13% of the U.S. pop.• clustered in SE

– Asian Americans = 4% of the U.S. pop. • clustered on west coast

– American Indians = 1% of the U.S. pop.• clustered in reservations (SW & Great Plains)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of Hispanics in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of African Americans in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of Asian Americans in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of American Indians in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Concentration of Ethnicities in U.S. Cities

• 90%of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities

• Remnants of 20th Cent. European migration still evident on the landscape

• Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles

Figure 7-5 Figure 7-6

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

B. African American Migration Patterns

• Three major migration patterns1. Forced migration from Africa (17th & 18th Cent.)

• The triangular slave trade

2. Immigration from the South to northern cities (c. 1915-1950)

• aka “The Great Migration”• Identifiable paths of migration

3. Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (c. 1950-present)

• formation of the ghetto

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Triangular Slave Pattern

Figure 7-8

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century)

Figure 7-10

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

• Often confusing• based on 19th Cent. assumptions of race

• Race = traits that are shared genetically• Biological features within one racial group are

highly variable • biological classification of people into distinct

racial groups is meaningless

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

A. Race in the U.S.– census definitions including “multi-racial”

•Spatial effects of racism• greater isolation• social vs. political• segregation & apartheid

•“Separate but equal”•“White flight”

» Blockbusting– Apartheid in South Africa

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

A. Segregation in America

•“Separate but Equal” Doctrine– Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896)

• de jure (“by law”) segregation • mostly in south, some midwestern (KN)• ends legally in 1960’s – Civil Rights Act (1964)

•“White flight” (“middle-class flight”)

– post-WWII (esp. 1960’s & 1970’s)• creates de facto (“by fact or reality”) segregation• more common in north, midwest & west

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

A. Segregation in America (cont.)– Blockbusting

• reinforced de facto segregation

B. Segregation in Other Countries

•Apartheid in South Africa– Policy of strict racial separation

• created in post-WWII S.A.• ended in early 1990’s• Nelson Mandela – imprisoned, later President

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Apartheid

Figure 7-13