© 2010, TESCC 1 Democracy in Greece and Rome. © 2010, TESCC 2 What is government? The form or...
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Transcript of © 2010, TESCC 1 Democracy in Greece and Rome. © 2010, TESCC 2 What is government? The form or...
© 2010, TESCC 22
What is government?
The form or system of rule by which The form or system of rule by which a state, community, etc., is a state, community, etc., is governed. governed.
© 2010, TESCC 33
Some types of government
Fascist – all institutions, including
religion and the family, are secondary
to the State
Nazi GermanyCuba
North Korea
Republic – the people make their decisions
through representatives
United States of AmericaFrance
Constitutional monarchy – head of state inherits the position, but with limited power, and people are guaranteed basic rights
The United Kingdom Kingdom of NorwayKingdom of Jordan
© 2010, TESCC 44
Spectrum of Government
Anarchy (No one has any power
over anyone else; all are completely
equal.)
Moderate(Everyone has some say, even if it’s limited; certain amount of hierarchy.)
Authoritarian(Government exercises extreme control over citizens in a rigid hierarchy.)More power for government
Less power for government
Oligarchy (early post-communist Russia)
Tyranny (Nazi Germany, Stalin’s Soviet Union, etc).Traditional monarchy (Louis XIV’s France)
Constitutional monarchy (Modern England)
Pure democracy (ancient Athens)
Representative democracy/republic (USA)
Socialist democracy (Modern Sweden)
© 2010, TESCC 55
Some thoughts on government
Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one. – Thomas Paine
Which is the best government? That which teaches us to govern ourselves. – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
[A] government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take from you everything you have.
– Benjamin Franklin
The patriot must always be prepared to defend his country from his government. – Edward Abbey
© 2010, TESCC 66
The Greek Polis (City State)
The Polis was the town and the surrounding area.
Where the community of people came together to rule themselves; having a common goal and identity.
Acropolis: Usually the fortified center of the town, also used for meetings
© 2010, TESCC 77
The Greek Polis (City State) Citizen with Political Rights = males
over 21 Citizens w/ no Political Rights =
Females & Children Non-Citizens = Slaves
Direct Democracy: All citizens vote on all decisions made by the government.
© 2010, TESCC 88
Rights Responsibilities
Right to participate in the elections of officials - Voting
Military service to protect the community
The polis supports you if you deal with outsiders
You support the polis when it makes a decision you do not agree with. Follow or obey laws.
To be tried by a jury of your peers
To serve on a jury.
Speaking in public places Pay taxes
© 2010, TESCC 99
Tyranny and Tyrants
The Authoritative Rule of an individual (above the law)
Many times are given power in time of crisis and chose to keep it in time of peace.
Develop programs (building monuments and public buildings) to keep the people happy.
The Greeks value the rule of law and would eventually overthrow the tyrants.
© 2010, TESCC 1010
Oligarchy
Oligarchies are the rule by a few.– Usually the aristocrats (Wealthy
landowners) – Sometimes military leaders (modern)
Athens– The Archons: board of 9 Rulers– The Assembly of citizens held few
powers
© 2010, TESCC 1111
Separation of Power in the USALegislative Executive Judicial
Makes the Law Enforces the Law
Interprets the Law
Approves Treaties
Creates Treaties
Controls Treasury
Controls Military
Declares laws unconstitutional
Elected 6/2 years
Elected 4 years
Indirectly elected;
Selected for life (creates stability)
Elected by the People
© 2010, TESCC 1212
Separation of Powerin Ancient Greece
The Assembly of Citizens
The Generals(Elected positions)
Voted on laws Carried out the will of the assembly
Elected public officials
Daily operations of the Government
Foreign Policy (War)
© 2010, TESCC 1313
Is a democratic government existing to distribute the wealth more evenly to all
citizens? Many Greek Reformers (and later
governments from around the world) seek to distribute the wealth (land) by taking from the owners and giving it to the peasants.
Do you think this is fair?
© 2010, TESCC 1414
Lesson on Government
Here’s the question and you tell me how this would work.
–You can have only 1 thing to eat every day for the next month. What will it be?
© 2010, TESCC 1515
How would each decide?
Direct democracy Representative democracy? Aristocracy? Oligarchy? Monarchy? Tyrant?
© 2010, TESCC 1616
What are the advantages/disadvantages?
Direct democracy – how would it be decided?
Representative democracy? Aristocracy? Oligarchy? Monarchy? Tyrant?
© 2010, TESCC 1717
Roman Law
Patricians: aristocratic, wealthy, land-owning families of Rome; could serve in government positions
Plebeians: Lower class of Romans who still enjoyed the rights of citizenship.
© 2010, TESCC 1818
Government Positions:
Chief Executive Officials 2 Consuls: Elected annually to run the govt.
and lead the army Praetors: High Judge position to carry out
Roman Law Tribunes of the Plebs: Evolved later in the
Roman Republic to represent the needs of the lower classes (Plebeians) to the Consuls and Senate
Dictator: Appointed in time of crisis for 1 year.
© 2010, TESCC 1919
Assemblies Senate: 300 land owning men to give
guidance to the Consuls / later they made the laws; served for life; descended from the original families.
Centuriate Assembly: Based on wealth but represented all classes; elected the Consuls and Praetors
Council of the Plebs: Lower classes split from the Centuriate Assembly to form this council. Selected Tribunes to protect their rights before the Patrician led councils; Veto Power (“I Forbid”) over some laws
© 2010, TESCC 2020
The Spartacus Slave Revolt. The Gladiator Spartacus creates an
army of runaway slaves, (gathering more as the movement continued) and led the slaves of Rome to revolt against the Roman ruling class in an attempt to flee Italy and seek sanctuary in Africa.
Rome turns to Crassus to be the dictator to put down the revolt. The slave army was finally conquered but starting at this point, the representative government of the Romans is subverted to the role of the dictator or Emperor.
© 2010, TESCC 2121
To sum it up … The Greeks and the Romans
developed and practiced the early forms of democracy.
Both of these Nations could not make democracy last and were ruled by emperors.
The lasting influence is the idea of citizenship and that people can and should be responsible for the government that has authority over them.