©2012, TESCCC Change Grade 2 Unit 7, Lesson 1. Ripple Effect ©2012, TESCCC.
© 2009, TESCCC Regions of Europe. © 2009, TESCCC Geographic Characteristics Western edge of...
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Transcript of © 2009, TESCCC Regions of Europe. © 2009, TESCCC Geographic Characteristics Western edge of...
© 2009, TESCCC
Geographic Characteristics
Western edge of Eurasia
Pervasive world influence
Industrialized
Numerous nation-states
Urbanized population
High standards of living in more developed countries
East v. West differences
© 2009, TESCCC
Importance of Location
Centrally located with capability of contact with rest of world.
Every part of Europe is close to the sea (within 300 miles).
Navigable waterways
Moderate distances
© 2009, TESCCC
Generalizations on Climate• Countries closer to warm Atlantic ocean
currents and winds have milder temperatures than those farther east and north.
• European climates vary according to distance from the sea (idea of continentality).
© 2009, TESCCC
Most of Europe is Temperate Mixed Forest, that is typically cleared for farming. Areas of Scandinavia are Coniferous forests while the Mediterranean coastline has scrubby vegetation known as chaparral.
Land Use is typically Mixed Farming or Dairy Farming. Mediterranean farming would include the wine industry and olive oil production. Much of the highlands in the British Isles is used for grazing.
Biomes and Land Use in Europe
© 2009, TESCCC
AGRARIAN REVOLUTION
Began in Europe in the 1750s
Based on new agricultural innovations
Enabled increased food production
Enabled sustained population increase
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Developed in the UK between 1750-1850
Evolved from technical innovations that occurred in British industry
Proved to be a major catalyst towards increased urbanization
© 2009, TESCCC
URBAN TRADITION
Urbanization- 73% of Europe is urbanized.
Related conceptsPrimate city- largest city that encompasses the cultural ideals
CBD- downtown (business and commerce)
Metropolis- terms used to describe central city and suburbs
© 2009, TESCCC
SupranationalisSupranationalismmA venture involving three or more nations
Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives
New “Euro”Currency
© 2009, TESCCC
European European Union (EU)Union (EU)
Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UKEstablished: 1992Aimed to coordinate policy among the members in three ways:
-- economics -- defense-- justice and home affairs
© 2009, TESCCC
SupranationalismSupranationalismProblemsProblemsLoss of autonomy and control
Differences in levels of economic development
Cultural barriers
© 2009, TESCCC
Languages
In Europe, there are about 50 different languages and more than 100 dialects, most of which belong to the Indo-European language familyThe Slavic languages of eastern Europe, the Germanic languages of northern Europe, and the Romance languages of southern Europe are Indo-European languages.
© 2009, TESCCC
Religions- Europe is predominantly Christian. - Most of southern/western Europe’s Christians
are Roman Catholics, whereas most northern European Christians are Protestants.
- In much of southeastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox Christians predominate.
- Many Muslims also live in southeastern Europe (Turkish influence), and Jewish communities exist in all major European cities.
© 2009, TESCCC
European Regions
Western Europe
The British Isles
Nordic Europe
Mediterranean Europe
Eastern Europe
© 2009, TESCCC
British Isles Two Islands:
•Britain
•Ireland
Two Nations:
•United Kingdom
•Ireland
United Kingdom:
•England
•Scotland
•Wales
•Northern Ireland
© 2009, TESCCC
Climate
Marine West Coast:
Humid, moist Climate that is moderated by warm ocean currents
© 2009, TESCCC
Historical Geography
• Pagan tribes were settled in the British Isles prior to the Roman arrival in the 1st century BCE. Romans remained for about 5 centuries (remnants include Hadrians Wall).
•Anglos and Saxons settled as the Romans departed, followed by Nordic tribes (Vikings) in the 9th century, who plundered the Christian churches in the area.
•England gets its name from the Anglos or Engles, which were Germanic tribes from the Mainland.
© 2009, TESCCC
Continued
Ireland was less affected by the Anglo-Saxons and Nordic tribesIreland retained its Gaelic heritage.Most Irish were converted to Roman Catholicism in the 5th and 6th centuries (recall St. Patrick)
© 2009, TESCCC
British Empire
Grew in strength throughout the Middle AgesWorld Conquests: to the Americas, Africa, South Asia (India), SE Asia, Australia, South Pacific. STRONG NAVYThe British built a presence in every part of the world. Empire declined during the 20th century
© 2009, TESCCC
Modern Germany
• Suffered greatly after the World Wars from political and cultural conflicts.
• Germany is known for its scholarship and hard work ethic.
• Welcomes immigrants from all nationalities- it is now an open, liberal society.
© 2009, TESCCC
Switzerland and Austria
German influenced, although Switzerland is also influenced by Italy and France.Alps- In Western Austria and all of Switzerland.
© 2009, TESCCC
Physical Geography of Scandinavia
• Ice Age glaciers melted here leaving thousands of lakes.
• Other glaciers carved out fjords along the coastline.
• Jutland, the peninsula on which mainland Denmark lies, is mostly flat.
• The Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe is mountainous.
© 2009, TESCCC
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
•Consists of the Iberian, Italian and Balkan Peninsula
•Many islands are associated with this Region.
•The Climate is….Mediterranean!
© 2009, TESCCC
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
A DISCONTINUOUS REGIONON THE PERIPHERYCULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMESMEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
HOT - DRY SUMMERSWARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS
© 2009, TESCCC
Iberian Peninsula
Most of the peninsula is a plateau, but the Pyrenees Mountains form a barrier between it and the rest of Europe.
Southwestern Europe’s Iberian Peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal, separates the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic
Ocean.
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ITALYMOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIESBEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN COREMOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCEDDISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST
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EASTERN EUROPE
Europe’s poorest regionInfluenced by RussiaMany areas have had political and economic instability during the last 2 decades.
© 2009, TESCCC
UNDERLYING FORCES CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY
Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences
CENTRIPETAL FORCESFORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER
A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith
© 2009, TESCCC
SUBREGIONS OF
EASTERN EUROPECOUNTRIES ON THE BALTIC SEATHE LANDLOCKED CORECOUNTRIES ON THE ADRIATIC SEACOUNTRIES ON THE BLACK SEA
© 2009, TESCCC
COUNTRIES ON THE BALTIC SEAPOLAND
A CLASSIC NATION-STATETRADITIONALLY A FARMING COUNTRY
LITHUANIALATVIAESTONIABELARUS: Still strongly influenced by Russia
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THE LANDLOCKED CORE
CZECH REPUBLICThe region’s most westernized
SLOVAKIALess developed, more rural than Czech Republic
HUNGARY
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COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA
BULGARIA: Freed from Russia in 1878.
ROMANIA: Formerly Roman
MOLDOVA: Agrarian
UKRAINE: Agrarian; largest and most populated of these countries