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© 2008 by Prentice Hall1-1 Human Resource Management 10 th Edition Chapter 1 STRATEGIC HUMAN...
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Transcript of © 2008 by Prentice Hall1-1 Human Resource Management 10 th Edition Chapter 1 STRATEGIC HUMAN...
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-1
Human Resource Management
10th Edition
Chapter 1
STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT:
AN OVERVIEW
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-2
HR Branding
• Firm’s corporate image or culture • Embodies values and standards that guide
peoples’ behavior • People know what company stands for,
people it hires, fit between jobs and people, and results it recognizes and rewards
• Important in getting highest quality applicants to join firm
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-3
Human Resource Management
• Utilization of individuals to achieve organizational objectives
• All managers at every level must concern themselves with human resource management
• Five functions
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-4
1
Human Resource
Management
Human Resource
Development
Com
pens
atio
n
Staffing
Em
ployee and
Labor Relations
Safety and Health
Human Resource Management Functions
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-5
Staffing
• Job Analysis
• Human Resource Planning
• Recruitment
• Selection
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-6
Staffing (Cont.)
• Staffing - Process through which organization ensures it always has proper number of employees with appropriate skills in right jobs at right time to achieve organizational objectives
• Job analysis - Systematic process of determining skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing jobs in organization
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-7
Staffing (Cont.)
• Human resource planning - Systematic process of matching the internal and external supply of people with job openings anticipated in the organization over a specified period of time .
• Recruitment - Process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications, to apply for jobs with an organization
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-8
Staffing (Cont.)
• Selection - Process of choosing from a group of applicants the individual best suited for a particular position and the organization
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-9
Human Resource Development
• Training• Development
• Career Planning• Career Development
• Organizational Development• Performance Management
• Performance Appraisal
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-10
Human Resource Development (Cont.)
• Training - Designed to provide learners with knowledge and skills needed for their present jobs
• Development - Involves learning that goes beyond today's job; it has more long-term focus
• Career planning - Ongoing process whereby individual sets career goals and identifies means to achieve them
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-11
Human Resource Development (Cont.)
• Career development - Formal approach used by organization to ensure that people with proper qualifications and experiences are available when needed
• Organization development - Planned process of improving organization by developing its structures, systems, and processes to improve effectiveness and achieving desired goals
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-12
Human Resource Development (Cont.)
• Performance management - Goal-oriented process directed toward ensuring organizational processes are in place to maximize productivity of employees, teams, and ultimately, the organization
• Performance appraisal - Formal system of review and evaluation of individual or team task performance
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-13
Compensation
Compensation - All rewards that individuals receive as a result of their employment
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-14
Compensation
• Direct Financial Compensation - Pay that person receives in form of wages, salaries, bonuses, and commissions.
• Indirect Financial Compensation (Benefits) - All financial rewards not included in direct compensation such as paid vacations, sick leave, holidays, and medical insurance.
• Nonfinancial Compensation - Satisfaction that person receives from job itself or from psychological and/or physical environment in which person works.
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-15
Safety and Health
Employees who work in safe environment and enjoy good health are more likely to be productive and yield long-term benefits to organization.
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-16
Safety and Health
• Safety - Involves protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents
• Health - Refers to employees' freedom from illness and their general physical and mental well being
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-17
Employee and Labor Relations
• Private-sector union membership has fallen from 39 percent in 1958 to 7.8 percent in 2005.
• Business is required by law to recognize a union and bargain with it in good faith if the firm’s employees want the union to represent them
• Human resource activity is often referred to as industrial relations
• Most firms today would rather have a union-free environment
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-18
Human Resource Research
• Human resource research is not separate function.
• It pervades all HR functional areas.
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-19
Interrelationships of HRM Functions
• All HRM functions are interrelated
• Each function affects other areas
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Dynamic Human Resource
Management Environment
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-21
Environment of Human Resource Management
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTINTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
1
Human Resource
Management
Other Functional
Areas
OperationsMarketing
Finance
Lega
l Con
side
ratio
ns E
cono
my
Technology
Society
Shareholders
Unions
Customers Competition Labor Market
Human Resource
Development
Com
pens
atio
n
Staffing
Em
ployee and
Labor Relations
Safety and Health
Unanticipated E
vents
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-22
Labor Market
• Potential employees located within geographic area from which employees are recruited
• Always changing
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-23
Legal Considerations
• Federal, state and local legislation
• Court decisions
• Presidential executive orders
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-24
Society• No longer content to accept, without
question, the actions of business
• Ethics - Discipline dealing with what is good and bad, or right and wrong, or with moral duty and obligation
• Social responsibility - Implied, enforced or felt obligation of managers to serve or protect interests of groups other than themselves
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-25
Unions
• Group of employees who have joined together for purpose of dealing collectively with their employer
• Become a third party when dealing with the company
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-26
Shareholders
• Owners of corporation
• Because they have invested money in firm, they may at times challenge programs considered by management to be beneficial to organization
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-27
Competition
• Firms may face intense competition in both their product or service and labor markets
• Must maintain a supply of competent employees
• Bidding war often results
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-28
Customers
• People who actually use firm’s goods and services
• Management has task of ensuring its employment practices do not antagonize members of market it serves
• Workforce should be capable of providing top-quality goods and services
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-29
Technology
• The world has never before seen technological changes occur as rapidly as they are today.
• Created new roles for HR professionals
• Additional pressures on them to keep abreast of technology
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-30
Economy
• In general, when economy is booming, it is often more difficult to recruit qualified workers.
• When a downturn is experienced, more applicants are typically available.
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-31
Unanticipated Events
• Occurrences in the external environment that could not be foreseen
• Every disaster, whether manmade or by nature, requires a tremendous amount of adjustment with regard to human resource management
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-32
Cyberwork
• Possibility of never-ending workday
• BlackBerrys, cell phones, text messaging, and e-mail create endless possibilities for communication
• Some workers believe their employer wants them available 24/7
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-33
HR’s Changing Role: Questions That Are Being Asked
• Can some HR tasks be performed more efficiently by line managers or outside vendors?
• Can some HR tasks be centralized or eliminated altogether?
• Can technology perform tasks that were previously done by HR personnel?
• Many HR departments continue to get smaller
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-34
HR’s Changing Role:Who Performs Human
Resource Management Tasks?
• Human Resource Managers
• HR Outsourcing
• HR Shared Service Centers
• Professional Employer Organization (Employee Leasing)
• Line Managers
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-35
Human Resource Manager
• Acts in advisory or staff capacity
• Works with other managers to help them deal with human resource matters
• Today HR departments continue to get smaller because others are accomplishing certain functions
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-36
HR Outsourcing
• Transfers responsibility to an external provider
• Market for HR outsourcing is growing dramatically
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-37
Ways HR Outsourcing is Done
• Discrete services
• Multi-process services
• Total HR outsourcing
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-38
Discrete Services
• One element of business process or single set of high-volume repetitive functions is outsourced to a third-party
• Large majority of companies outsource transactional HR activities, such as 401(k) administration
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-39
Multi-process Services
• Complete outsourcing of one or more human resource processes
• Example: Procter & Gamble outsourced entire training operations
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-40
Total HR Outsourcing
• Transfer majority of HR services to third party
• Example: Whirlpool Corporation signed 10-year deal to outsource HR business processes for 68,000 employees to Convergys Corporation
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-41
HR Shared Service Centers (SSCS)
Takes routine, transaction-based activities that are dispersed and consolidates them in one location
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-42
Professional Employer Organization (Employee Leasing)
Company that leases employees to other businesses.
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-43
Professional Employer Organization (Cont.)
• Company releases its employees who are then hired by PEO
• PEO pays the employees
• PEO is the employees’ legal employer and has the rights to hire, fire, discipline, and reassign an employee
• Charges a fee of from 1 to 4 percent of the customer’s gross wages
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-44
Line Managers Performing HR Tasks
• Involved with human resources by nature of their jobs
• Line managers are now performing some duties typically done by HR
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-45
HR as a Strategic Partner
• HR executives must understand complex organizational design
• Sharp deviation from what has traditionally been an administrative type role for HR
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-46
Strategic Activities CEOs Want from HR
• Make workforce strategies integral to company strategies and goals
• Leverage HR’s role in major change initiatives
• Earn the right to a seat at the corporate table
• Understand finance and profits
• Help line managers achieve their goals
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-47
Human Capital Metrics
Measures of HR performance
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-48
Examples of HR Metrics
• Time to fill open positions
• HR headcount ratios
• Administrative cost per employee
• Turnover cost
• Training return on investment
• Cost per employee for HR administration ranges from $1,200 - $1,600
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-49
HR Scorecard
• Report card of effectiveness of specific person
• Metrics that will best suit each company depends on variety of factors
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-50
Human Resource Designations
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-51
Human Resource Executives, Generalists, and Specialists
Vice President, Human
Resources
Vice President, Industrial Relations
Manager, Compensation
Manager, Staffing
Manager, Training and Development
Benefits Analyst
Executive: Generalist: Specialist:
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-52
Characteristics of an HR Executive
• Performs one or more HR functions
• A top-level manager
• Reports directly to CEO or head of
major division
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-53
Characteristics of an HR Generalist
• Often an executive
• Performs tasks in various HR related areas
• Involved in several, or all, of the five HRM functions
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-54
Characteristics of an HR Specialist
• May be an HR executive, manager, or
non-manager
• Typically concerned with only one of
the five functional areas
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-55
Evolution Of Human Resource Management
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-56
Traditional Human Resource Function in Large Firm
• Separate sections were often created
• Placed under an HR Manager
• Each HR function may have a supervisor & staff
• HR Manager works closely with top management in formulating policy
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-57
Traditional Human Resource Functions in a Large Firm
President and CEO
Vice President, Marketing
Vice President, Operations
Vice President, Finance
Vice President, Human
Resources
Manager, Training and Development
Manager, Compensation
Manager, Staffing
Manager, Safety and
Health
Manager, Labor
Relations
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-58
The Evolving HR Organization
HR Outsourcing HR Shared Service
Centers Professional Employer
Organization
Line Manager
Evolve to make HR more strategic
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-59
A Possible Evolving HR Organization Example
President and CEO
Vice President, Operations
Vice President, Strategic Human
Resources
Vice President, Finance
Director of Safety
and Health
Training & Development (Outsourced)
Compensation (Shared Service
Centers)
Staffing (Line Managers, Use of Applicant Tracking
Systems)
Vice President, Marketing
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-60
A Global Perspective: British and American Culture Are Different
• United Kingdom might seem to require less adjustment for Americans than countries such as China
• Assumption can set up Americans for difficulty, disappointment and underachievement
• Sports metaphors may confuse Britons • Example: “step up to the plate,” “cover all the
bases,” “I’ll touch base with you,” “ballpark figure,” “off the wall” and “out in left field.”
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-61
Organization ofHuman Resource Management
10th Edition
PART I. INTRODUCTION• Chapter 1: Strategic Human Resource
Management: An OverviewPART II. HR ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS• Chapter 2: Business Ethics and Corporate
Social Responsibility • Chapter 3: Workforce Diversity, Equal
Employment Opportunity, and Affirmative Action
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-62
Organization ofHuman Resource Management
10th Edition (Cont.)
PART III. STAFFING
• Chapter 4: Job Analysis, Strategic Planning, and Human Resource Planning
• Chapter 5: Recruitment
• Chapter 6: Selection
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-63
Organization ofHuman Resource Management
10th Edition (Cont.)
PART IV. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
• Chapter 7: Training and Development
• Appendix Chapter 7: Career Planning and Development
• Chapter 8: Performance Management and Appraisal
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-64
Organization ofHuman Resource Management
10th Edition (Cont.)
PART V. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS• Chapter 9: Compensation • Chapter 10: Benefits, Nonfinancial
Rewards, and Other Compensation Issues
PART VI. SAFETY AND HEALTH• Chapter 11: A Safe and Healthy Work
Environment
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-65
Organization ofHuman Resource Management
10th Edition (Cont.)
PART VII. EMPLOYEE AND LABOR RELATIONS• Chapter 12: Labor Union and Collective
Bargaining• Appendix Chapter 12: History of Unions in the
United States• Chapter 13: Internal Employee RelationsPART VIII. OPERATING IN A GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT• Chapter 14: Global Human Resource
Management
© 2008 by Prentice Hall 1-66