© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Portable Computing Chapter 19.
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Transcript of © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Portable Computing Chapter 19.
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Overview
• In this chapter, you will learn to
– Describe the many types of portable computing devices available
– Enhance and upgrade portable computers
– Manage and maintain portable computers
– Troubleshoot portable computers
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
CompTIA A+Essentials
Essentials
Getting the Right Sound Card
Portable Computing Devices
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
LCD Screens
• Major contributor to cost– Most range from 12 inch to 17 inch– Aspect ratio changing from 4:3 standard– For comparison, 16:9 is standard for widescreen– 16:10 is the standard for 17-inch LCD screen
Mode Name ResolutionXGA eXtended Graphics Array 1024 x 768SXGA Super eXtended Graphics Array 1280 x 1024SXGA+ Super eXtended Graphics Array Plus 1400 x 1050WSXGA+ Widescreen SXGA Plus 1680 x 1050UXGA Ultra eXtended Graphics Array 1600 x 1200WUXGA Widescreen UXGA 1920 x 1200
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
LCD Screens
• Two types of finishes
• Matte– Traditional standard– Reduces glare– Washes out a lot in bright light– Hopeless in bright daylight
• High Gloss– Relatively new– Offers sharper contrast, richer colors and wider
viewing angles
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
• Typical laptops can function as a fully standalone PC – Can be used as a
desktop replacement
– Input devices• Trackballs on early laptops• IBM’s TrackPoint—pencil eraser–sized
joystick in the middle of the keyboard• Touchpads
Desktop Replacements
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Desktop Extenders
• Desktop extenders are portable devices
– Not intended to take the place of a desktop
– Think of them as a smaller, lighter, less-powerful laptop for less intensive use
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
PDAs
• Personal digital assistants (PDAs) – Tiny, handheld portable computing devices
– Address book, personal notes, appointments, word processors, image viewers
– Often use handwriting recognition with a pen-style stylus for pen-based computing
– Use specialized OS such as Windows CE, PocketPC, PalmOS, and Linux
– Made by Palm, Sony, Toshiba, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, and other companies
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
PDA Features
• HotSync– Can synchronize data between PDA
and office PC– PalmOS calls it HotSync
• Beaming– PDAs typically have IR ports– Can transfer data (beam) between PDAs
• PDA Memory– Internal flash ROM of 1 MB or more– CompactFlash cards that are
removable and upgradeable for removable storage needs
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Tablet PCs
• Combines handwriting benefits of PDAs with power of traditional laptops
• Use a stylus to write
• Applications can use digital ink to capture pen strokes
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Portable Computer Device Types
Screen Size Weight Uses
Desktopreplacements
14–20 inches 8–12 lbs Mobile anything
Desktop extenders
10–14 inches 4 lbs Presentations, note taking
Ultralights 6–12 inches 2–3 lbs Long-term traveling
Tablet PCs 10–12 inches 4 lbs Niche market
Ultra-mobile PCs
4–7 inches 1–2 lbs Niche market
PDAs 3–4 inches 1 lb Organization
PDA phones 2 niches < 1 lb Eliminates cell phone
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
IT Technician
CompTIA A+Technician
Enhance and Upgrade the Portable PC
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
PC Cards
• PC Cards are commonly known as the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)– Hot-swappable devices – Easy to use, inexpensive, and convenient
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
PC Cards
• Parallel PC Cards– 16-bit or CardBus (32-bit 3.3V cards)– Three sizes: Type I (thinnest), II, and III (thickest)– Cards can have one or many functions
• ExpressCard– High-performance serial version– Can connect to USB 2.0 slot (480 Mbps) or PCIe (2.5
Gbps)
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Card Types
Type Length Width Thickness Typical Use
Type I 85.6 mm 54 mm 3.3 mm Flash memory
Type II 85.6 mm 54 mm 5.0 mm I/O (modem, NIC, etc.)
Type III 85.6 mm 54 mm 10.5 mm Hard drives
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
PC Cards
• Two levels of software drivers– Socket services
• Device drivers that enable the system to detect when a PC Card is inserted or removed
• Provide necessary I/O to the device• Standardized and handled by the system BIOS
– Card services• Recognize the function of a particular PC Card and provide
the specialized drivers required to make the card work• Handled by Windows• Accessed via PCMCIA option in Control Panel
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Limited-Function Ports
• All portable PCs and many PDAs come with a variety of ports– VGA connection for hooking up an external monitor– PS/2 port for an external keyboard or mouse– Built-in NICs and modems for network support
• All of these work the same as in desktop PCs
– Video ports• External monitor, projector,
or a combination of both
– Speaker ports– Extra function key
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
General-Purpose Ports
• Legacy ports – PS/2, RS-232
• USB and FireWire– Work same as in PC
• Port replicators – Plug into a single port – Offer common PC ports
such as serial, parallel, network, and PS/2
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Docking Stations
• Gives laptops access to PC resources– Large monitors, regular mice, network connections,
and full-size keyboards
• Provides an easy way to take your laptop in and out of the office
• Basically a port replicator with extra features such as a DVD drive or PC Card slots
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Replacing RAM
• No standard method– You usually have to unscrew or pop open a panel
on the underside of the portable
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Shared Memory
• Reduces cost of video cards– Reduces amount of memory on the video card
• Shared memory technologies– TurboCache (NVIDIA)– HyperMemory (ATI)
• System RAM will report less RAM available– Not shared as much as taken from OS– Once taken, OS no longer has access to the RAM
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
The Modular Laptop
• Common components that can be replaced or upgraded in a portable PC
– Hard drives• 2.5-inch ATA drives most common• Cable select often required• Otherwise the same as regular
3.5-inch drives
– Modular CPUs• Just replace with a newer module from Intel or AMD
– Video cards• Least standardized
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
The Modular Laptop
• Common components that can be replaced or upgraded in a portable PC
– Modular Drives• CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-R/W, hard drives
– Mobile NICs and Mini PCI• Most laptops have dial-up modems and Ethernet• Many also come with integrated wireless
networking support• Many devices can be toggled on and off with key
combinations such as FN-F2
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Managing and Maintaining Portable Computers
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Maintenance
• Everything you normally do to maintain a PC applies to portable PCs
– Windows patches and Service Packs– Upgrading drivers– CHKDSK– ScanDisk– Defragment– Disk Cleanup
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Batteries
• Three types of commonly used batteries– Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)– Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)– Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
• Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries
– First batteries commonly used in mobile PCs
– Battery memory is the tendency of a Ni-Cd battery to lose a significant amount of its recharge ability
– Conditioning charge could sometimes resolve battery memory problem
– At best, can only be recharged about 1000 times
– Toxic—dispose of at recycling centers
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Nickel Metal Hydride
• Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries
– Next generation of mobile PC batteries
– Less susceptible to memory problems and last longer between recharges
– Still susceptible to heat
– Popular replacement for Ni-Cd systems
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Lithium Ion
• Lithium Ion batteries– Most common type of battery used today– Powerful– Completely immune to memory problems– Built-in circuitry to prevent accidental overcharging
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Other Portable Power Sources
• Smart batteries – Tell the computer when they need to be charged,
conditioned, or replaced
• Fuel cells– Promising new technology that could power a
laptop for up to 40 hours before refilling– Hasn’t yet reached the consumer market
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Battery Maintenance
• Batteries should be stored in a cool place
• Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries should be conditioned by using a special charger
• Battery contacts should be kept clean using a little alcohol or dry cloth
• Used or old batteries should be recycled
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Power Management
• Power management goals
– Shut down unused devices selectively
– Define a maximum period of inactivity
– Shut down the entire system during longer periods of inactivity
– Ready to restart if triggered by a wake-up event
– Sensitive to potential hazards like shutting down the hard drive in the middle of a write operation
– Keep the system cost about the same
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
System Management Mode
• System Management Mode (SMM) – Set of features that enables the CPU to slow down
or stop its clock without deleting information
– Stops the CPU and all of the peripherals
– Requires a specialized BIOS and OS
– To further power management capabilities, Intel introduced
• Advanced Power Management (APM) in 1992 • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) in 1996
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Requirements for APM/ACPI
• APM and ACPI require the following in order to function properly
– An SMM-capable CPU
– APM-compliant BIOS
– Devices that will accept being shut off (“Energy Star”)
– A system OS that knows how to request the shutdown of a particular device
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
APM/ACPI Levels
• Full On– No power management—everything running
• APM Enabled– CPU and RAM running at full power– Unused devices may or may not be shut down
• APM Standby– CPU is stopped (can easily be restarted)– RAM still stores all the programs– All peripherals are shut down
• APM Suspend– Everything is shut down or at its lowest power-consumption– Hibernation (stores everything in RAM on the hard drive before
powering down)
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
APM/ACPI Configuration
• CMOS settings • Windows– Overrides CMOS
settings
– Display applet in Control Panel
• Settings Advanced Monitor tab
– Power Management applet in Control Panel
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Cleaning & Heat
• Cleaning– Use a screen cleaner to clean the LCD screen (not a
glass cleaner)– Use compressed air to clean out the keyboard and PC
Card sockets
• Heat– Use power management– Keep air space between the bottom of the laptop and
the surface it sits on– Don’t use a keyboard protector– Listen for fan running a lot or stopping
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Protect the Machine
• Protect your investment with best practices
– Tripping Watch the power cord
– Storage Protect from damage and dirt
– Travel Remember foreign power is 230 V
– Shipping Protect from damage and theft
– Security Protect from theft
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Troubleshooting
• Laptop won’t power on– Verify the outlet is good– Verify the adapter is good– Remove all peripherals
• Screen doesn’t come on properly– Make sure the display is on– Press FN key combination to activate the screen
• Wireless networking doesn’t work– Check for physical or software switch to turn it on– Ensure you’re in range
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Troubleshooting
• Handwriting is not recognized– May need to retrain the digitizer
• Keypad doesn’t work– Probably unseated keypad connector– Check manufacturer’s disassembly procedures
• Touchpad doesn’t work– Clean with compressed air– May need to reconfigure touchpad driver
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Beyond A+
• Intel’s Centrino Technology– Extremely low power– Fast CPUs– Integrated wireless networking
• Origami—Ultra-Mobile PCs (UMPC)– Small form factor tablet PC– Runs full-fledged OS such as
Windows XP or Vista