Prominence Eruption and Coronal Mass Ejection: A Statistical Study Using Microwave Observations

Gopalswamy, N.; Shimojo,M.; Lu, W.; Yashiro, S.; Shibasaki, K.; Howard, R. A.

ApJ, 586, 562-578, 2003

太陽雑誌会 2003/4/28 殿岡 英顕

概要● 下条氏の NoRH Prominence catalog と、八代

氏の LASCO CME catalog を合わせて、統計的に解析したもの。

2.Data Selection

● Automatic detection of limb events at NoRH 17GHz, from 1996 January 1 to 2001 December 31.

● SOHO LASCO C2 and C3, corresponding to the prominence events.

● 186 events total (excluding SOHO major datagap)

3.1 Prominence trajectoriesFig1: Typical prominence trajectories

Fig2. Time-height plot● T for

Transverse, 34/186

● R for Radial, 152/186

3.2 Prominence heightsFig3. Max height

3.3 Prominence velocitiesFig4. Average speed

Fig5. Speed vs. Height

4. Relation between CMEs and PEsTable1: measured properties

Fig6. CME-Prominence

relationship with association

● An eruptive prominence of 2000 Oct 22.

Fig7. CME-Prominence relationship

without association

● An prominence erupton event of 2001 Aug 29

● No discernible change on LASCO observations.

Table2: Statistical properties

Fig8. Height histograms

● 134/186 PEs were associated with CMEs,34 no associated CMEs,11 streamer change.

● CME+PE events:faster and larger heights

4.1 Source latitudeFig9. Latitude distribution

● PE distributions:– 2 peaks– events from almost all

latitudes– 3 from eqator

● CME distributions:– One broad peak

centered on the equator– almost all latitudes

Fig10: Solar cycle variation

● CME and PE latitude vs Carrington rotation number

● CME and PE occur at all latitudes during solar maxima and close to equator during solar minimum.

4.2 Timing relationshipFig11: The difference

between two onset time● Onset times of PEs and

CMEs are roughly the same within +/- 0.5hr.

4.3 Spatial relationshipFig12: Spatial relationship

● The latitude offsets of PEs and CMEs.

● More events with positive offsets

● The latitude of CMEs is closer to the equator than that of corresponding prominence.

● Positive offset before 2000.

4.4 Core association

Fig13:An example of the prominence-CME association

● 2001 Dec 19-20● Radio+EIT195+

LASCO

Fig14: Speed distribution of CME,

core and PE● 98/134 (73%) had clear

whitelight cores.

Fig15: Core speed vs PE speed

● Core speed is always greater than PE speed

● fast PEs associated with fast cores (?)

4.5 Streamer events

Fig16: An example of

streamer event● 1998 June 1 PE● 1.24 Rsun

(initial) to 1.28 Rsun (final)

● streamer expanded

● 11/52 = 21% were associated

5. Discussions

● Munro et al. (1979):The prominences with large height have better association with CMEs.

● Gilbert et al. (2000): CME associations are different (They are larger).

● Hori & Culhane (2002): association with CMEs92% vs 76%. The difference of selection criteira.

● Yang & Wang (2002): association rate 10 to 30%,65% for Gopalswamy's check.

6. Summary and conclusions

● Radial (eruptive) and Transverse (active) events● Radial events showed close relationship to the

CMEs (83%).● 73% of all the PEs were associated with CMEs.● Onsets of PEs and CMEs were nearly

simultaneous, within 30min.● CPAs of CMEs and PEs generally did not

coincide. CMEs – equator, PEs- AR belt for minimum, no such relationship for solar maximum.