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Transcript of © 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved. DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES...
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Fishing Technology
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Agenda
• Jarring Operation
• Fishing in Laterals
• Job Planning
• Fishing for Junk
• Procedures to Part Pipe
• Fishing for Parted Pipe
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Jarring is the process of transferring stored energy (drill pipe stretch) in the drillstring to kinetic energy by releasing the detent in the Jar at a given overpull value
When the jar trips the energy is released providing sudden impact
Definition of Jarring
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
A device (as a catch, dog, or spring-operated ball) for positioning and holding one mechanical part in relation to another so that the device can be released by force applied to one of the parts
Definition of Detent
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• The two basic types of jars are mechanical and hydraulic
• These terms refer to the method of tripping the jar
• Hydraulic jars work by using a hydraulic fluid cushion to delay the tripping of the jar until the desired pull/stretch in the string is achieved
Up Stroke Fishing Jars
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• The time delay is provided by hydraulic fluid being forced through small jets slowing movement of the mandrel
• When the inner mandrel enters the large bore area, the oil is rapidly dumped allowing the jar to fire
Hydraulic Jarring Operations
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
HydraulicFluid
Restricted Flowpath
Mandrel Restricted Movement
Mandrel Free
Movement
Hydraulic Fluid Bypass
Hydraulic Fishing Jar
Operating PrinciplesMovie Clip
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Hydraulic jar firing delay is dependent on a combination of load and time
• Mechanical jars have a preset load that causes the jar to trip only when that push/pull load is achieved
• They are sensitive to load only and not time
Up Stroke Fishing Jar
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Mandrel, jay stem, and spring stem one piece
• Spring loaded jay slots and rollers
Mechanical Drilling Jars
Operating Principles
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Vertical wells
• Directional wells with less than 30º hole angle
• Upper tool when using tandem jars
Mechanical Drilling Jars
Applications
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
. . . . . . For over 50 years the icon for drilling For over 50 years the icon for drilling jars.jars.
. . . . . . the original Dailey Jar.the original Dailey Jar.
Made with a heavy wall mandrel for maximum torque and minimum backlash.Internal components are designed to withstand abrasion and corrosion in virtually any
downhole environment.
Lower Connector
Polished Stem
Upper Connector
Barrel
Lower Packing Body
Upper Packing Body Jay Stem
Jay RollersTorque Spring
WashpipeSpring Stem
Dailey® L.I. Mechanical Drilling Jar
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Tensile and Torsional Yield values are calculated per API RP7G and based on nominal dimensions and published yield strength of material and do not constitute a guarantee, actual or implied.
U.S. Patent No. 4,498,548
Outside Diameter (in.) 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 7/8 7 3/4
Inside Diameter (in.) 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4
Tool Joint Size (API) NC-383 1/2 IF
NC-464 1/2 XH4 1/2 IF
5 1/2 Reg. 6 5/8 Reg
Tensile Yield* ( x 1000 lbs.) 440 740 962 1,148
Torsional Yield* ( x 1000 ft. lbs.) 15 27.2 46 66.3
Up Stroke (lbs.) FactoryDown Stroke (lbs.) Settings
69,70032,900
94,30037,600
98,40042,300
102,50042,300
Max. Overpull Up/Down (lbs.) 75,000 118,000 120,000 125,000
Approx. Length Extended(ft. - in.)
30' - 6" 34' - 0" 34' - 6" 35' - 6"
Approx. Weight (lbs.) 1,340 2,500 3,150 4,000
Free Travel Upstroke (in.) 8 5/8 7 1/8 7 7/8 7 3/4
Free Travel Downstroke (in.) 8 8 8 8 1/4
Max. BHT (°F) 325 325 325 325
Pump Open Area (sq. in.) 7.7 11.0 14.2 17.7
Dailey® L.I. Mechanical Drilling Jar
Specifications
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Additional hevi-weight drill pipe - A computer jar placement program is required to determine optimum number
Hevi-weight below jars-approximately 20,000 Lbs.
Sufficient drill collar weight for drilling operations
Drilling Jars in tension
Jar Placement - vertical hole or less than 30o
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Calculating Trip Load
6-1/4 “ O.D. Dailey® L.I. Mechanical JarJars currently in tensionNot circulating
Last recorded slack-off weight
MINUS BHA weight below jar
MINUS down jar trip load
MINUS pump open force
230,000 lbs
- 20,000 lbs
- 40,000 lbs
- 0 lbs
Rig Weight Indicator to Trip Jar = 170,000 lbs
Given:
Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart a downward blow?
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
* Differential pressure at Jar can be approximated by using calculated bit pressure drop.
Pump Open Force =
Area(in2) x Diff. Pressure* (psi)
Pump Open Force
7 3/4” OD
6 7/8” OD
6 1/4” OD
4 3/4” OD
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (psi)
PUM
P O
PEN
FO
RCES
(lb
s.)
Dailey® L.I. Mechanical Drilling Jar
Specifications - Pump Open Force
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Calculating Trip Load
6-1/4 “ O.D. Dailey® L.I. Mechanical JarJars currently in tension1800 psi pressure
Given:
Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart an upward blow?
Last recorded slack-off weight
MINUS BHA weight below jar
PLUS up jar trip load setting
MINUS pump open force
330,000 lbs
- 20,000 lbs
+ 80,000 lbs
- 20,000 lbs
Rig Weight Indicator to Trip Jar = 370,000 lbs
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Drill Collars in Vertical Section
Hevi-weight in curve
Hydraulic or Mechanical Drilling Jars?
Drill Pipe above Mud Motor and Bit in Horizontal Section
BHA in Directional Hole < 30o
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Calculating Trip Load
6-1/2 “ O.D. Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing JarJars currently in compressionNot pumping
Given:
Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart an upward blow?
Last recorded slack-off weight
MINUS BHA weight below jar
MINUS desired trip load setting
MINUS pump open force
330,000 lbs
- 10,000 lbs
- 50,000 lbs
- 0 lbs
Rig Weight Indicator to Trip Jar = 270,000 lbs
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (psi)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
PU
MP
OP
EN
FO
RC
ES
(lb
s.)
7 3/4” O.D.
6 1/2” O.D.
6 1/4” O.D.
4 3/4” O.D.
4 1/4” O.D.
3 3/4” O.D.
3 1/8” O.D.
2 1/4” O.D.1 13/16” O.D.
Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring.
Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock or jar down.
Specifications - Pump Open Force
Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Calculating Trip Load
6-1/2 “ O.D. Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing JarJars currently in tension1800 psi pump pressure
Given:
Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart an upward blow?
Last recorded slack-off weight
MINUS BHA weight below jar
PLUS desired trip load setting
MINUS pump open force
330,000 lbs
- 10,000 lbs
+ 80,000 lbs
- 35,000 lbs
Rig Weight Indicator to Trip Jar = 365,000 lbs
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Drill Collars in Vertical Section
Hevi-weight in curve
Hydraulic Jar
Mechanical Jar
Drill Pipe above Mud Motor and Bit in Horizontal Section
BHA in Directional Hole > 30o
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Applying the most appropriate jarring action quickly is key to freeing stuck pipe
• The calculations are uncomplicated, but in the heat of the problem, small calculations can appear complex
• Determine before hand the push/pull required to fire the jars in either direction
• Jarring should start in the opposite direction to that which got the string stuck
Successful Use of Jars
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Incorrect weight applied to fire the jar• Pump open force exceeds compression
force at the jar• Stuck above the jar• Jar not cocked• Drag to high to allow sufficient force to be
applied• Well path is such that compression cannot
be applied• Right hand torque is trapped in torque
setable jars• Not waiting long enough for jar to fire
Reasons for Jar Failures
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Avoid placing the jars below stabilizers, reamers, key seat wipers or other tools with a larger O.D.
• Leave 3 to 5 feet of kelly above bushings to provide slack off length to cock the jar
• Maintain jar fully in tension or compression
• Avoid using jars as cross over point: DC to jar to HWDP
• Run slowly through tight spots to avoid triggering
• Anytime the DNT or Hydraulic jar is above the rotary table, install mandrel clamp
Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Time and Field Proven
• Factory Preset Tripping Load
• L.I. Fully Adjustable Down Hole
• D.N.T. Not Adjustable Down Hole
• Straight Push/Pull
• Trips Both Up and Down
• Fast Re-cocking
• No Waiting Period
Advantages of Mech. Drlg. Jar
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Accelerators
Fishing Jars
Bumper Sub
Attachment Tool
Drill Collars
Standard Fishing String
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Release spear or overshot
• Jar down on fish
• Move work string approximately 20”
• Help get over fish
• Predetermined weight on Internal cutter
• Swage tool
Fishing Bumper Jar Uses
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Use a lubricated bumper sub instead of a mechanical bumper sub if pumping is anticipated
• More sealing elements, not as likely to wash out
• In hot holes, special high temperature seals may be ordered from the manufacturer
Lubricated Bumper Sub
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Pick up to open stroke stretch string
• Drop string and catch abruptly
• Stop 6” from closing jar
• Spring downward; deliver a sharp blow
• Requires practice & finesse
Lubricated Bumper Sub
Operating Procedures
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (psi)
PU
MP
OP
EN
FO
RC
ES
(lb
s.)
7 3/4” O.D.
6 1/2” O.D.
6 1/4” O.D.
4 3/4” O.D.
4 1/4” O.D.
3 3/4” O.D.
3 1/8” O.D.
2 1/4” O.D.
Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring
Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock or jar down
Specifications - Pump Open Force
Lubricated Bumper Sub
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Used in vertical, directional and extended reach wells with elevated torque and drag
• Used as lower tool when running tandem jars
• In any case with limited overpull capacity
Hydraulic Oil Jars Applications
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Hydraulic time delay with mechanical triggering
• Straight push/pull
• Variable tripping loads
• Consistent time delay
• No bleed-off
• Protected seals and impact shoulders
• Increased overpull limit
Hydraulic Fishing Jar Advantages
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Outside Dia. (in.) 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 7 3/4
Inside Dia. (in.) 1/2 11/16 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 15/16 2 1/8 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3/4 3
Tool Joint (API)1 13/16
WFJ1 1/4Reg
2 3/8Reg
2 7/8PAC 2 3/8 IF 2 3/8
EUE 2 7/8 IF 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 6 5/8Reg
Tensi le Yield*(x 1000 lbs.)
75 110 250 200 275 225 325 500 1,000 1,000 1,600
Torsional Yield*(x 1000 ft. lbs.)
1.6 2.5 5.0 5.0 7.8 3.75 15 20 49.3 56.2 100
Max. Overpull(x 1000 lbs.)
20 30 45 35 45 45 55 85 200 175 260
LengthClosed (ft.-in.)
7'-0" 7 '-10" 9 '-0" 8 '-8" 9 '-0" 9 '-0" 9 '-0" 9 '-11" 12'-2" 12'-9" 13'-10"
Weight (lbs.) 50 80 180 180 222 230 290 400 800 1000 2,000
Free Travel (in.) 4 4 4 1/4 4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 1/2 5 5 6.5 7 1/2
Total Stroke (in.) 5 1/2 6 6 1/8 6 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/4 7 8 1/4 8 1/2 9 3/4
Max. BHT ( °F ) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Pump Open Area(sq. in.)
1.1 1.8 4.0 4.0 5.9 5.9 7.7 10.3 15.9 19.6 28.3
SplineMandrel Anvil
ConnectorHousing
WashMandrel
BottomConnector
SplineHousing
Hammer
Valve
PressureHousing
BalancePiston
PressurePiston
Tripping Ledge
Hydraulic Fishing Jar
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Allows optimum jar placement
• Accelerates the BHA mass
• Protects the drill string and surface equipment
• Compensates for drag in high angle holes
• Compensates for insufficient stretch in shallow holes
Hypulse Jar Slinger®
Also referred to as: Accelerators, Boosters, and Intensifiers
Applications
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Outside Diameter (in.) 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 7 3/4
Inside Diameter (in.) 1/2 11/16 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 15/16 2 1/8 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3/4 3
Tool Joint (API)1 13/16
WFJ 1 1/4 Reg 2 3/8 Reg 2 7/8 PAC 2 3/8 IF 2 3/8 EUE 2 7/8 IF 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 6 5/8 Reg
Tensile Yield*( x 1000 lbs.)
75 110 250 200 275 225 325 500 832 1,000 1,600
Torsional Yield *(x 1000 ft. lbs.)
1.6 2.5 5.0 5.0 7.8 3.75 15 20 49.3 56.2 100
Max. Overpull(x 1000 lbs.)
20 30 45 35 45 45 55 85 200 175 260
LengthClosed (ft. - in.)
7' - 0" 8' - 9" 9' - 10" 9' - 8" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 13' - 6" 15' - 0" 15' - 7"
Weight (lbs.) 50 100 198 175 242 224 316 440 1,000 1,200 2,000
Total Travel (in.) 5 1/2 6 6 1/8 6 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/4 7 8 1/4 8 1/2 9 3/4
Max. BHT ( °F ) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Pump Open Area(sq. in.)
0.4 0.8 2.4 2.8 4.4 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.7 11.0 14.2
ConnectorHousing
WashMandrel
SplineHousing
FlowMandrel
BottomConnection
SplineMandrel Up Anvil
PressurePistonHammer
FluidHousing
BalancePiston
PressureHousing
Hypulse Jar Slinger®
for use with Fishing Jars
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Generally, you can use the same attachment tools:overshots, spears, screw in sub etc.
Fishing in Lateral Wells
Success is determined by:
• Where to back-off
• Jar placement
• String design
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Most fishing in lateral wells will be in the jarring mode
• Before a jarring operation is started, a free point and back off must first be made
• After locating the free point, study the well plot checking for the true dog legs, then decide the depth to back off that offers the best chance of connecting to the fish
Jarring in Lateral Wells
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Rely on torque readings rather than stretch
• To take a torque reading, set the weight at slightly less than the neutral weight
• This tends to reduce hole drag around the curve while rotating to get a torque reading
Freepoint in Lateral Wells
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Avoid pulling pipe into the wall / free point with torque
Pipe sticking here while free pointing with stretch, appears jars not working below
Fishing Jars
Bumper Sub
Stuck Point
Freepoint in Lateral Wells
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• Carefully work the torque down, one round at a time, using a long snub line, with a torque gauge
• Fire the shot on the run to prevent line creeping
• The process of getting a successful free point and back off could take several hours, so be patient
Experience Counts
Freepoint in Lateral Wells
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
• When a string shot is fired, no effect may be felt at the surface
• Pull the WL out, to see if the shot fired
• Work pipe with torque until you get it backed off or determine it won’t
• You may have to fire another shot using a higher grains per foot shot
Freepoint in Lateral WellsDo Not Be Discouraged
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Top Fish Inside Casing
Pull load (lb) = 100,000 Weight Jts. = 2 HWDP % of peak 8 Jts. Hevi-weight below jars impact Pull Load Impact Impulse
5 100,000 398,100 2,863
10 100,000 398,100 2,863
20 100,000 352,417 3,408
By leaving the top of fish inside the casing, the possibility of connecting to it is retained, while the impact is good using 8 joints of HW below the jars.
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Impact and Impulse/ No Acc. JarPull load (lb) = Varies Weight Jts. = 2 HWDP
Pull Load Impact Impulse
20,000 41,154 309
30,000 63,408 479
40,000 85,662 648
50,000 107,915 818
60,000 130,169 988
70,000 152,422 1,158
80,000 174,300 1,325
90,000 196,086 1,493
100,000 217,778 1,661
© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES
Jarring Operations
• How long to jar? 4-5 hours w/no progress
• Got stuck coming up? Jar down
• Got stuck going down? Jar up
• Differentially stuck? Little effect