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Transcript of © 2000, Chuck Ehrlich all rights reserved1 E-Business Enablers Chuck Ehrlich [email protected]...
© 2000, Chuck Ehrlich all rights reserved
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E-Business Enablers
Chuck [email protected] 415-441-7140
www.ehrlichorg.com
© 2000, Chuck Ehrlich all rights reserved
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Chuck Ehrlich
BS Computer Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 1972 First graduating class of computer engineers
MS Computing & Information Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 1975
MBA, University of San Francisco, 1998Consultant + Teacher
© 2000, Chuck Ehrlich all rights reserved
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E-Business Enablers
E-business Types, StagesE-business engineXML
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E-Business Types
B2B: Businesses to Business Cisco
B2C: Business to Consumer Amazon.com
C2C: Consumer to Consumer E-Bay
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E-Business Stages
Stage Key Technologies
I. Publishing, broadcast media
Web Server, files
II. Transactional Database, Order Processing
III. Personalization,1:1 marketing
User tracking, customization
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E-Business Engine parts:
AttractInformCustomizeTransact
PayInteractDeliverPersonalize
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Attract: ads & portals
Advertising of all types Web based and off line Affiliate programs
Portals: AOL, Lycos, Yahoo!Examples:
BeFree, Doubleclick, LinkExchange
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Inform: content
Content generationContent management Content delivery (presentation)CatalogsExamples:
Vignette, OnDisplay, Interwoven
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Customize: configure
Combinations of standard modules for build-to-order buying
Examples: Calico Commerce, FirePond,
Trilogy Software
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Transact: markets
Creating new marketsChanging existing markets
Auction markets, exchangesExamples:
Ariba, Commerce One, Moai Technologies
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Pay: charge or charge
Financial transaction processingCredit and risk managementExamples:
eCredit, Paylinx, Signio
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Interact: support
Customer serviceSupportOrder trackingExamples:
Clarify, Siebel, Vantive
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Personalize: targeting
Learning more about customers to sell more and build stronger relationships Tracking user actions Analyzing Customer Behavior Triggering offers to stimulate buying
Examples: E.piphany, Personify, Verbind
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Deliver: SCM
Supply chain managementFulfillment and delivery, logistics Examples:
Celarix, i2 Technologies, Manugistics
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E-Business Engine
Multiple parts, multiple vendorsHow do we link these systems
together?Via XML based middleware Examples:
BEA Systems, Bluestone Software, eXcelon/Object Design
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Example integration platform
Diagram from: edocs.bea.com/elink
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XML
What is XML?XML SyntaxApplications of XMLBusiness and Systems StrategyFor more information
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What is XML?
Way to store structured data as text For example:
Spreadsheets Address book Financial transactions Catalog information Technical drawings or specifications
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XML formats are
Easy to generate and read (by computer)
Unambiguous Easily extended (extensible)Platform independent Easy to internationalize or localize
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XML is a meta-language
Standardizes the syntax (format) of data exchange but not semantics (meaning)
Supports the definition of languages for specific industries and applications
Creates an open distributed information infrastructure
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Standard XML programs
Parse XML data for storageInterfaces for processing dataDisplay dataQuery dataLink data
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XML looks like HTML
Both use tags: <p>Both use named attributes:
foo=“value”
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XML differs from HTML
In purpose and usage:HTML specifies:
Meaning of tags and attributes Rendering of tags by Web browser
XML: Uses tags to delimit data Leaves the interpretation of the data to
the applications
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XML formats are different
HTML: Tags are not case sensitive ‘Flexible’ on tag nesting, closing tags, etc.
XML: Tags are case sensitive
Tags beginning with x, m, l are reserved
Requires properly formed sequences Applications must reject broken files
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XML looks like text
So programmers can read and repair files End users are not expected to read XML
Resulting in larger files Can compress for transmission or
storage
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XML is both new and old
XML Under development since 96 W3C standard in 98
Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Document markup from the 70’s and
80’s ISO Standard in 1986
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XML family of technologies
XML 1.0 defines tags and attributes Xlink defines XML hyperlinks
Including extended links CSS Cascading Style Sheets
Level 2 includes XML and HTML support XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language
XSLT language for transforming XML documents Rules to source tree to result tree
XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics
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XML technologies (cont)
DOM Document Object Model provides a standard programmatic interface (API) to: Object representations for XML and HTML
documents Access and manipulate these objects
XML Namespaces: Qualifying element and attribute names
RDF: Resource Description Framework Metadata to describe the data stored on the Web Catalog, content rating, privacy preferences,
intellectual property rights, digital signatures, etc.
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XHTML 1.0
Reformulation of HTML 4 as an XML 1.0 application, and three DTDs corresponding to the ones defined by HTML 4.
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What is a document?
Data you can read, combinations of data
Data displayed in many different forms: Presentation slide Handout Book Web Site
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XML documents
Legal XML documents are well-formed
A well-formed document describes a logical tree: <greeting type=“friendly”>Hello, world!</greeting>
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Valid XML documents
A well-formed document that conforms to a set of Data Type Definition (DTD) constraints is a valid document:<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8” ?><!DOCTYPE greeting [ <!ELEMENT greeting (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST greeting type (friendly | unfriendly)“friendly” >
]><greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>
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XML document parts:
Prolog contains XML Declaration: version of XML
<?xml version=“1.0”>
Document Type Declaration (DTD)External and/or internal DTD
Document Element contains nested sub-elements and external entities
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External DTD
<!DOCTYPE EMAIL SYSTEM “ex_4.dtd”>
External DTD reference includes: Document title Keywords: PUBLIC, SYSTEM, File name for the .dtd file where the
definition is storedMost large systems use external
DTD’s
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Internal DTD
Defines the structure of the Document Element and its sub-elements
Internal DTD values may override settings in the external DTD
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Data Type Definitions
Supports complex data structuresMore flexible than SQL, supports:
Optional elements Multiple occurrences Enumerated values Default values Parameters
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Common attribute types
#PCDATA parsed character data, may contain markup tags
CDATA character dataENTITY, ENTITIES external binary
entityID, IDREF unique identifiersNOTATION a notation declared
elsewhere in the DTD
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Uses for XML
For publishing documents: Platform, media, language independent
For data-centric Web applications: Distributed processing, business
transactions, managing documents, customized information
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Example users: Rosettanet
New supply chain relationships for the electronics and IT industries www.rosettanet.org
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Example: OBI Consortium
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Buying Organization
FinancialSystems
User Profiles
Approval
WWW Purchasing Server
WWW Browser
Requisitioner
WWWMerchant
Server
Selling OrganizationOrder Entry &Inventory Mgt.
CatalogManagement
CustomerPricing
Billing
Payment Authority
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33b 6
5
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3a
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The Open Buying on the Internet [OBI] Consortium www.openbuy.org
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Example: MSFT BizTalk
Two core issues behind BizTalk: Application integration today is too hard. The next wave of electronic commerce is
going to require massive amounts of application integration
www.biztalk.org or www.microsoft.com
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Example: IDEAlliance
International Digital Enterprise Alliance
Information & Content Exchange (ICE) protocol supports: Syndicated publishing networks Online resellers Web-site-to-Web-site information
networks
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XML trade-off:
May reduce Performance Centralized control Uniformity
In order to gain Persistence Distributed control Asynchronous processing Ability to read the data
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For more information
E-Business Engine How It Works edited by Jeffrey Davis,
Business 2.0, February 2000, p112-140
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XML Resources
W3C Web Consortium sets standards for XML and other Web technology http://www.w3.org/
OASIS Consortium serves as the framework for developing and publishing XML languages for specific applications www.oasis-open.org www.xml.org
www.xml.com Seybold & O’Reilly
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XML Resources
ebXML United Nations (UN/CEFACT) and OASIS effort to facilitate international trade www.ebxml.org
Commerce XML (cXML) backed by Ariba www.cxml.org
Ontology.org (UK) http://www.ontology.org
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XML Resources
XML and the Second-Generation Web by Jon Bosak and Tim Bray, Scientific American, May 1999 http://www.sciam.com/1999/0599issue/0599bosak.html
Everythingxml.com (Intraware)
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Variations on XML
Markup languages for speech applications: VXML http://www.voicexml.org VoxML http://www.voxml.com