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Team Franchise & Ballpark History

1871 - 2012

Photos by © Joe Taxiera

Photo by © Gary Dunaier

Photos by © Eric Giberson

Section 2 - Page 53

Ballpark Photo Use Permissions, Acknowledgements, Credits

Special thanks to the 11 ballpark websites that gave this author permission to use some of their photos, and for taking the time to identify the specific photos on their sites for which they owned the copyrights, and for identifying the original photographers as well when it was someone besides themselves. These 11 websites are identified under the ballparkphotos in this section, along with other individual contributors of photos.

Ballpark photos will only be used in this book under the following circumstances: 1) Photos taken by the author of this book. 2) Photos with written permission from the original photographers and/or copyright holders. 3) Photos with written permission from websites verifying they are the original photographers and/or copyright holders. 4) Public Domain - photos first published prior to January 1, 1923 in the United States. 5) Public Domain - unpublished photos (created anywhere) where the author died before 1936. 6) Puplic Domain - published in the U.S. between 1923 and 1977 without a copyright notice. 7) Public Domain - published in the U.S. between 1923 and 1963 with a copyright notice, but copyright not renewed. 8) Public Domain - published outside the U.S. before 1923 (or before July 1, 1909 in the 9th Federal Court District). 9) Public Domain - published outside the U.S. between 1923 and 1977 and that are in the public domain.10) Public Domain - photos taken by many U.S. Government related entities and designated as public domain.11) Public Domain - newer photos released to the public domain by the photographers and/or copyright holders. 12) Photos from public libraries, with specific permission for use in this book.13) Photos on public websites such as Flickr, Wikipedia, Wikimedia, etc., identified as "free use with no restrictions" or "free use with attribution" to the author/photographer, in which case the photographer is identified. Even in this case, most of the original photographers were contacted and they've provided written permission to use their photographs.

Special note: There are many ballpark photographs easily accessible on various ballpark websites as well as onsites such as Wikipedia, Flickr, etc., that look very similar. Many ballpark photos are taken from the same locations/ vantage points, with very similar views and photos. The author of this book has documented the sources of the actual photos used in this book, and the various necessary permissions for usage. Please don't confuse these photos with ones you've taken that look very similar.

If you would like to submit some of your photos for use in this book, contact the author at joe@uniquebaseball.com.

Boston "Americans," Huntington Avenue Grounds, 1903Library of Congress - Public Domain photos

Section 2 - Page 54

Page List of Leagues, Teams and Abbreviations 56

Highest Single Season Home Attendance by Team 57

Maps of Franchise Locations in 1901 & 2005 58

Expansions & Relocations of Current Franchises 59

ARI Arizona Diamondbacks Chase Field 60 ATL Atlanta Braves Turner Field 61

BAL Baltimore Orioles Oriole Park at Camden Yards 62 BOS Boston Red Sox Fenway Park 63

CHC Chicago Cubs Wrigley Field 64 CWS Chicago White Sox U.S. Cellular Field 65 CIN Cincinnati Reds Great American Ball Park 66 CLE Cleveland Indians Progressive Field 67 COL Colorado Rockies Coors Field 68

DET Detroit Tigers Comerica Park 69

HOU Houston Astros Minute Maid Park 70

KCR Kansas City Royals Kauffman Stadium 71

LAA Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Angel Stadium of Anaheim 72 LAD Los Angeles Dodgers Dodger Stadium 73

MIA Miami Marlins Marlins Park 74 MIL Milwaukee Brewers Miller Park 75 MIN Minnesota Twins Target Field 76

NYM New York Mets Citi Field 77 NYY New York Yankees Yankee Stadium 78

OAK Oakland Athletics O.co Coliseum 79

PHI Philadelphia Phillies Citizens Bank Park 80 PIT Pittsburgh Pirates PNC Park 81

STL St. Louis Cardinals Busch Stadium 82 SDP San Diego Padres PETCO Park 83 SFG San Francisco Giants AT&T Park 84 SEA Seattle Mariners SAFECO Field 85

TBR Tampa Bay Rays Tropicana Field 86 TEX Texas Rangers Rangers Ballpark in Arlington 87 TOR Toronto Blue Jays Rogers Centre 88

WSN Washington Nationals Nationals Park 89

"Fisheye" Views of 12 MLB Ballparks 90

U. S. Geological Survey Aerial Photos of 12 MLB Ballparks 92

Team Franchise & Ballpark History

Contents - Section 2

Section 2 - Page 55

Major League Baseball - Leagues & Teams (Current leagues & teams in bold)

League 1871------------------------1900--------------------------------------------------2013

AA American Association 1882----1891 AL American League 1901--------------------------------------------------------present FL Federal League 1914-1915 NA National Association 1871--1875 NL National League 1876---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------present PL Players League 1890 UA Union Association 1884

Abbreviation Teams (Active Franchises Only) LG Franchise Years

ANA Anaheim Angels AL 1997 - 2004 (see Los Angeles Angels) ARI Arizona Diamondbacks NL 1998 - present ATL Atlanta Braves NL 1966 - present BAL Baltimore Orioles AL 1954 - present BLA Baltimore Orioles AL 1901 - 1902 (see New York Yankees) BOS Boston Red Sox AL 1901 - present BRO Brooklyn Dodgers NL 1890 - 1957 (see Los Angeles Dodgers) BSN Boston Braves NL 1876 - 1952 (see Atlanta Braves) CAL California Angels AL 1965 - 1996 (see Los Angeles Angels) CHC Chicago Cubs NL 1876 - present CWS Chicago White Sox AL 1901 - present CIN Cincinnati Reds NL 1890 - present CLE Cleveland Indians AL 1901 - present COL Colorado Rockies NL 1993 - present DET Detroit Tigers AL 1901 - present FLA Florida Marlins NL 1993 - 2011 (see Miami Marlins) HOU Houston Astros (NL to AL in 2013) (NL) AL 1962 - present KCA Kansas City Athletics AL 1955 - 1967 (see Oakland Athletics) KCR Kansas City Royals AL 1969 - present LAA Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim AL 1961 - present LAD Los Angeles Dodgers NL 1958 - present MIA Miami Marlins NL 2012 - present MLN Milwaukee Braves NL 1953 - 1965 (see Atlanta Braves) MLA Milwaukee Brewers AL 1901 (see Baltimore Orioles) MIL Milwaukee Brewers (AL to NL in 1998) NL (AL) 1969 - present (1969, first year: Seattle Pilots) MIN Minnesota Twins AL 1961 - present MON Montreal Expos NL 1969 - 2004 (see Washington Nationals) NYG New York Giants NL 1883 - 1957 (see San Francisco Giants) NYM New York Mets NL 1962 - present NYY New York Yankees AL 1901 - present OAK Oakland Athletics AL 1968 - present PHA Philadelphia Athletics AL 1901 - 1954 (see Oakland Athletics) PHI Philadelphia Phillies NL 1883 - present PIT Pittsburgh Pirates NL 1887 - present SLB St. Louis Browns AL 1902 - 1953 (see Baltimore Orioles) STL St. Louis Cardinals NL 1892 - present SDP San Diego Padres NL 1969 - present SFG San Francisco Giants NL 1958 - present SEA Seattle Mariners AL 1977 - present TBD Tampa Bay Devil Rays AL 1998 - 2007 (see Tampa Bay Rays) TBR Tampa Bay Rays AL 1998 - present TEX Texas Rangers AL 1972 - present TOR Toronto Blue Jays AL 1977 - present WAS Washington Senators / Nationals AL 1901 - 1960 (see Minnesota Twins) WSA Washington Senators AL 1961 - 1971 (see Texas Rangers) WSN Washington Nationals NL 2005 - present

Section 2 - Page 56

MLB Highest Single Season Home Attendance Records - Each TeamTeam (listed alpha) Year Attendance Avg./Game Capacity* Ballpark Name*Arizona Diamondbacks 1998 3,610,290 44,571 48,500 Bank One Ballpark (now Chase Field)

Atlanta Braves 1993 3,884,720 47,960 52,007 Atlanta-Fulton County StadiumHighest at current park: 1997 3,464,488 42,771 50,528 Turner Field (set in first year open)

Baltimore Orioles 1997 3,711,132 45,816 48,079 Oriole Park at Camden YardBoston Red Sox 2009 3,062,699 37,811 37,400 Fenway Park (capacity: day 36,984, night 37,400)

Chicago Cubs 2008 3,300,200 40,743 41,160 Wrigley FieldChicago White Sox 2006 2,957,414 36,511 41,432 U.S. Cellular FieldCincinnati Reds 1976 2,629,708 32,466 51,786 Riverfront Stadium

Highest at current park: 2003 2,355,259 29,077 42,271 Great American Ball Park (set in first year open)

Cleveland Indians 1999 3,468,456 42,820 43,545 Jacobs Field (now Progressive Field)

Colorado Rockies 1993 4,483,350 55,350 76,273 Mile High StadiumHighest at current park: 1996 3,891,014 48,037 50,200 Coors Field

Detroit Tigers 2008 3,202,645 39,539 41,782 Comerica ParkHouston Astros 2004 3,087,872 38,122 40,967 Minute Maid ParkKansas City Royals 1989 2,477,700 30,589 40,793 Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium)

Los Angeles Angels 2006 3,406,790 42,059 45,262 Angel Stadium of AnaheimLos Angeles Dodgers 2007 3,857,036 47,618 56,000 Dodger StadiumMiami Marlins 1993 3,064,847 37,838 47,662 Joe Robbie Stadium (now Sun Life Stadium)

Milwaukee Brewers 2011 3,071,373 37,918 41,900 Miller ParkMinnesota Twins 2010 3,223,640 39,798 39,504 Target Field (set in first year open)

New York Mets 2008 4,042,045 49,902 57,405 Shea Stadium (set in last year open)Highest at current park: 2009 3,168,571 39,118 41,800 Citi Field (set in first year open)

New York Yankees 2008 4,298,655 53,070 56,866 Yankee Stadium (set in last year open)Highest at current park: 2010 3,765,807 46,491 52,325 Yankee Stadium (the NEW Yankee Stadium)

Oakland Athletics 1990 2,900,217 35,805 48,219 Oakland-Alameda County ColiseumPhiladelphia Phillies 2011 3,680,718 45,440 43,651 Citizens Bank ParkPittsburgh Pirates 2001 2,464,870 30,430 37,898 PNC Park (set in first year open)

Seattle Mariners 2002 3,542,938 43,740 47,116 Safeco FieldSt. Louis Cardinals 2007 3,552,180 43,854 43,975 Busch StadiumSan Diego Padres 2004 3,016,752 37,244 42,691 PETCO Park (set in first year open)

San Francisco Giants 2011 3,387,303 41,819 41,915 AT&T ParkTampa Bay Rays 1998 2,506,293 30,942 45,369 Tropicana Field (set in first franchise year)

Texas Rangers 2012 3,460,280 42,720 49,171 Rangers Ballpark in ArlingtonToronto Blue Jays 1993 4,057,947 50,098 50,516 Skydome (now Rogers Centre)

Washington Nationals 2005 2,731,993 33,728 45,596 R.F.K. Stadium (set in first year in Washington)Highest at current park: 2012 2,370,794 29,269 41,888 Nationals Park (set in first year open)

Teams with more than 4 million home attendance in a single season:Colorado Rockies 1993 4,483,350 55,350 76,273 Mile High StadiumNew York Yankees 2008 4,298,655 53,070 56,866 Yankee Stadium (set in last year open)New York Yankees 2007 4,271,867 52,739 56,866 Yankee Stadium New York Yankees 2006 4,248,067 52,445 56,866 Yankee Stadium New York Yankees 2005 4,090,696 50,502 56,866 Yankee Stadium Toronto Blue Jays 1993 4,057,947 50,098 50,516 Skydome (now Rogers Centre)New York Mets 2008 4,042,045 49,902 57,405 Shea Stadium (set in last year open)Toronto Blue Jays 1992 4,028,318 49,732 50,516 Skydome (now Rogers Centre)Toronto Blue Jays 1991 4,002,527 49,402 50,516 Skydome (now Rogers Centre)

Philadelphia Phillies 2012 3,565,718 44,021 43,651 Citizens Bank Park *MLB Highest in 2012*

Most consecutive home games sold out in MLB History:Boston Red Sox 793 cons. games. May 15, 2003 - current streak. Avg. 37,000+ per gameCleveland Indians 455 cons. games. June 12, 1995 - April 4, 2001. Avg. 42,000+ per gamePhiladelphia Phillies 257 cons. games. July 7, 2009 - August 5, 2012. Avg. 45,000+ per game

(* in that season)

Section 2 - Page 57

Major League Baseball - Team / Franchise Locations in 1901 and 2005

limited to the Northeast, with St. Louis, MO (Cardinals) being the furthest city out.

By 2005, 50% of all MLB teams are located outside the Northeast.

Maps used with permission from © Andrew Clem, www.andrewclem.com

In 1901, limited travel times, options and associated costs kept baseball franchises geographically

Section 2 - Page 58

Major League Baseball - Expansions and Relocations of Current Franchises

Year Activity / League Old Team Name New Team Name

1871 National Association, 9 teams (25 different franchises through 1875) New League

1876 National League, 8-12 teams (31 different franchises through 1900) New League (players from NA)

1901 National League, 8 teams (all in the northeast) Reduced from 12 to 8 teams Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, New York, Brooklyn

1901 American League, 8 teams (all in the northeast) New League Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, Baltimore, Washington

1902 Relocation / new team name: AL Milwaukee Brewers (1 yr) St. Louis Browns

1903 Relocation / new team name: AL Baltimore Orioles (2 yrs) New York Highlanders/Yankees1953 Relocation: NL Boston Braves (82 yrs) Milwaukee Braves

1954 Relocation / new team name: AL St. Louis Browns (52 yrs) Baltimore Orioles1955 Relocation: AL Philadelphia Athletics (54 yrs) Kansas City Athletics

1958 Relocation: NL New York Giants (75 yrs) San Francisco GiantsRelocation: NL Brooklyn Dodgers (74 yrs) Los Angeles Dodgers

1959 New League? Continental League (8 teams) to open in 1961, formally announced July 27, 1959 at a New York City press conference. This was headed up by New York attorney William Shea, who worked with community leaders from various cities. The 8 Continental League cities were: Atlanta, Buffalo, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Houston, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York, Toronto

1960 No New League. Continental League disbands August 2, 1960, before ever fielding any teams.In return, MLB agrees to expand beyond 8 teams per league for the first time this century.Note: From 1961-1993, 7 of the 8 C.L. cities received MLB franchises (Buffalo is the exception).

1961 Relocation: AL Washington Senators (60 yrs) Minnesota TwinsExpansion team: AL Washington SenatorsExpansion team: AL Los Angeles Angels

1962 Expansion team: NL Houston Colt .45's/AstrosExpansion team: NL New York Mets

1966 Relocation: NL Milwaukee Braves (13 yrs) Atlanta Braves1968 Relocation: AL Kansas City Athletics (13 yrs) Oakland Athletics1969 Expansion team: AL Seattle Pilots

Expansion team: AL Kansas City RoyalsExpansion team: NL San Diego PadresExpansion team: NL Montreal Expos

1970 Relocation / new team name: AL Seattle Pilots (1 yr) Milwaukee Brewers

1972 Relocation / new team name: AL Washington Senators (11 yrs) Texas Rangers1977 Expansion team: AL Seattle Mariners

Expansion team: AL Toronto Blue Jays1993 Expansion team: NL Colorado Rockies

Expansion team: NL Florida Marlins1998 Expansion team: AL Tampa Bay Devil Rays

Expansion team: NL Arizona DiamondbacksSwitched leagues: AL to NL Milwaukee Brewers

2005 Relocation / new team name: NL Montreal Expos (36 yrs) Washington Nationals2013 Switched leagues: NL to AL Houston Astros

Franchises since 1901 shown with current cities in bold . There were no new teams or relocations from 1904-1952.From 1953-1955, 3 teams sharing their cities with another team, but with a much smaller fan base, moved to new cities. Their attendance the year before & after relocating: BSN, 281k < 1.826 million; SLB, 297k < 1.061 million; PHA, 304k < 1.393 million

Section 2 - Page 59

Arizona Diamondbacks Franchise & Ballparks 15 Years

5 Playoffs

1 Pennant

1 World Ch

Last year accomplished: 2011 2001 2001

Franchise Team Names League Franchise Yrs.

Arizona Diamondbacks NL 1998 - present a.k.a. D-Backs

Ballpark Names City Years Chase Field** Phoenix 2006 - present Downtown Phoenix, AZ Bank One Ballpark Phoenix 1998 - 2005 a.k.a. The Bob

Public domain photo** Existing ballpark that was renamed 2012 home attendance: 2,177,617 Per game: 26,884

Chase Field / Bank One Ballpark (1998-present)2012 home attendance was 55% of seating capacity

Photo by © Gary Graves Photo by © Kris Oliver

Photo by © Shavar Ross Photo by © Barry Williams, bdinphoenix (flickr)

Photos by © Ronia Nash Public domain photo

"D. Baxter the Bobcat"

Section 2 - Page 60

Atlanta Braves Franchise & Ballparks 142 Years

22 Playoffs

17 *(8+9) Pennants

3 World Ch

Last year accomplished: 2012 1999 1995*(pre + post 1901)

Franchise Team Names League Franchise Yrs.

Atlanta Braves NL 1966 - present Milwaukee Braves NL 1953 - 1965 Boston Braves NL 1941 - 1952 Boston Bees NL 1936 - 1940 Boston Braves NL 1912 - 1935 Boston Rustlers NL 1911 Boston Doves NL 1907 - 1910 a.k.a. Boston Nationals Boston Beaneaters NL 1883 - 1906 Boston Red Caps NL 1876 - 1882 Boston Red Stockings NA 1871 - 1875

Ballpark Names City Years Turner Field Atlanta 1997 - present Atlanta, GA

© Korey Traynor Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium** Atlanta 1976 - 1996 Demolished - 1997 Atlanta Stadium Atlanta 1966 - 1976 Milwaukee County Stadium Milwaukee 1953 - 1965 Demolished - 2001 Braves Field** Boston 1941 - 1952 Partially demolished The Bee Hive** Boston 1936 - 1940 a.k.a. National League Field Braves Field Boston 1915 - 1935 Opened August 18, 1915 Fenway Park Boston 1914 - 1915 August, 1914 - August, 1915 South End Grounds (III) Boston 1894 - 1914 Rebuilt after 1893 fire Congress Street Grounds Boston 1894 Until South End Grounds re-built South End Grounds (II) Boston 1888 - 1893 Destroyed by fire - rebuilt 1894 South End Grounds (I) Boston 1871 - 1887 Demolished - rebuilt 1887

** Existing ballpark that was renamed 2012 home attendance: 2,420,171 Per game: 29,879

Turner Field (1997-present)2012 home attendance was 60% of seating capacity

Photo by © Guillermo Pulido, Latino Heeeeeat! (flickr) Photo by © Valerie Abbott

Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium Milwaukee County Stadium Braves Field South End Grounds III (1966-1996) (1953-1965) (1915-1952) (1894-1914)

Public domain photo www.digitalballparks.com Public domain photo Public domain (1915) (photo by © Wendy & Eric Pastore)

"Homer"

Section 2 - Page 61

Baltimore Orioles Franchise & Ballparks 112 Years

12 Playoffs

7 Pennants

3 World Ch

Last year accomplished: 2012 1983 1983

Franchise Team Names League Franchise Yrs.

Baltimore Orioles AL 1954 - present a.k.a. Birds, O's St. Louis Browns AL 1902 - 1953 Merged w/F.L.'s StL Terriers, 1916 Milwaukee Brewers AL 1901

Ballpark Names City Years Oriole Park at Camden Yards Baltimore 1992 - present Downtown Baltimore, MD Memorial Stadium Baltimore 1954 - 1991 Demolished - 2001

© Keith Allison Sportsman's Park (III) St. Louis 1902 - 1953 Demolished - 1966 Lloyd Street Grounds Milwaukee 1901

2012 home attendance: 2,102,240 Per game: 25,954

Oriole Park at Camden Yards (1992-present)2012 home attendance was 53% of seating capacity

Photo by © Wally Gobetz www.stadiumpage.com (photo by © Eric Okurowski)

Photos by © Daniel Friedheim www.digitalballparks.com (© Eric & Wendy Pastore)

Memorial Stadium (1954-1991) Sportsman's Park III (1902-1953)

Public domain photo www.ozatwar.com (Peter Dunn's website)1941 photo by Jack Heyn, photographer

U.S. Gp. Photo Section, 3rd Bomb. Gp.

"The Bird"

Section 2 - Page 62