核物理学（核物理学（ 1212 月１４日、特別講義）月１４日、特別講義）研究の内容についての発表を外部で活発に行っていますが、研究の内容についての発表を外部で活発に行っていますが、内部の学生に余り伝える機会がありません。内部の学生に余り伝える機会がありません。　（今年１０月：北海道地区の学生に集中講義　（今年１０月：北海道地区の学生に集中講義　　来年後期：大阪大学で集中講義　　来年後期：大阪大学で集中講義　　国内学会：岡山大学２件、九州工業大学２件、高エネ研　　国内学会：岡山大学２件、九州工業大学２件、高エネ研　　国際学会：ポーランド２回、スペイン２件、韓国（来年予定）、大阪（先週　　国際学会：ポーランド２回、スペイン２件、韓国（来年予定）、大阪（先週）２件））２件）　　　　　　　　＝＝　比連崎＋永廣分のみ、ほとんどが招待講演＝＝　　　　　　　　＝＝　比連崎＋永廣分のみ、ほとんどが招待講演＝＝

そこで、外部で使ったスライドで、内部の学生にも研究にそこで、外部で使ったスライドで、内部の学生にも研究に関して、関して、お話しする機会を持とうと思います。研究内容の紹介に併お話しする機会を持とうと思います。研究内容の紹介に併せて、「研究」と「勉強」の違い、研究室の紹介もしようせて、「研究」と「勉強」の違い、研究室の紹介もしようと思っています。と思っています。

まずは、研究内容に関するイントロです。まずは、研究内容に関するイントロです。

Interests of Interests of Meson-Nucleus systemsMeson-Nucleus systems

Nara Women’s UniversityNara Women’s UniversitySatoru HirenzakiSatoru Hirenzaki

Hokkaido area school, 2010

1. Introduction and Motivation1. Introduction and Motivation

2. Some formulation 2. Some formulation

3. Recent Topics3. Recent Topics

4. Summary4. Summary

1. Introduction and Motivation1. Introduction and Motivation ObjectObject

Hadron – Nucleus bound systems.Hadron – Nucleus bound systems. Coulomb + Strong Coulomb + Strong ・・・ ・・・ Exotic AtomsExotic Atoms (Deeply Bound) (Deeply Bound) atom, Kaonic Atom, p atom … atom, Kaonic Atom, p atom … Strong Strong ・・・ ・・・ Exotic NucleiExotic Nuclei Mesic Nuclei (K, η, η(958), ω, Φ…), Hypernuclei, …Mesic Nuclei (K, η, η(958), ω, Φ…), Hypernuclei, …

Nuclear radius of Nuclear radius of 1515NN

1s2s 3s

ex.) 　

　　　 Kaonic Atoms

And

Kaonic Nuclei

By J. YamagataJ. Yamagata

Kaonic Atoms

Kaonic Nuclei

K －

　　 K meson （ mK ～ 　　　MeV)

　　 Binding energy 　

　　 order of 10keVorder of 10keV ～～ MeV MeV

500500

cf.) Normal atomNormal atom 　　 electron （ me ～ 0.5MeV)

　　 Binding Energy -- order of eV ～ keV

K －　 Very Deep !!Very Deep !!

　　 Binding Energy 　

　　　　　　　 1010 　～　～ 100 100 MeVMeV

11. . Exotic Many Body PhysicsExotic Many Body Physics

2. Hadron Physics at finite density2. Hadron Physics at finite density　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Fundamental theory (QCD)Fundamental theory (QCD)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Effective theoryEffective theory　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Hadron property at finite Hadron property at finite 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Infinite SystemInfinite System 　　　　　　　　 Finite SystemFinite System　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mesic Atoms and Mesic NucleiMesic Atoms and Mesic Nuclei

1. Introduction and Motivation1. Introduction and Motivation

Nuclear radius of Nuclear radius of 1515NN

1s2s

3s

Pionic Atoms in halo nucleihalo nucleiCo-existence of Pion-Neutron-halo

Ex.)

• Higgs mechanism

•UA(1) Anomaly Effect

: Jp = 0-

• Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking

Kunihiro, Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385, Fig.3Kunihiro, Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385, Fig.3

Anomaly effect in vacuumAnomaly effect in vacuum

Information on Information on at finite at finite ~ ~ 00, (T~0), (T~0)

Eigen state observation Invariant Mass MethodEigen state observation Invariant Mass Method Quantum number fixed Selective informationQuantum number fixed Selective information

Umemoto et al., PRC62 (2000)

with

Ericson-Ericson, Ann. Phys. 36 (66) 323Seki-Masutani, Phys. Rev. C27(83)2799

b1

T

Observation of Mesic Atoms by x-ray Observation of Mesic Atoms by x-ray

4f4f

3d3d

Kaonic Atom data

C.T.A.M. De Laat, et al.,  Nucl.Phys.A523:453-487,1991.

S. Hirenzaki, Y. Okumura, H. Toki, E. Oset, A. Ramos,  Phys.Rev.C61:055205,2000.

Theoretical Level StructureTheoretical Level Structure – – How can we observe?How can we observe?

Observed by Observed by

X-ray X-ray SpectroscopySpectroscopy

Toki, Yamazaki(1988), Toki, Hirenzaki, Yamazaki, Hayano (1989)

1111

Toki, Hirenzaki, Yamazaki, Hayano (1989)

Mesons in Nuclei …… seems interesting. Mesons in Nuclei …… seems interesting.

However, x-ray method has limitation, Obviously! However, x-ray method has limitation, Obviously!

New methods are proposed. New methods are proposed.

π atom in GSI (1996, 1998, 2002) π atom in GSI (1996, 1998, 2002) Proposals to RIBF and JPARCProposals to RIBF and JPARC

Proposed experiments Proposed experiments at JPARCat JPARC

(http://j-parc.jp/NuclPart/Proposal_e.html)

JPARC Day 1 Experiment at Hadron Hall

*Search for Kaonic Nuclear Bound states

By K. Itahashi, 17-24 Oct. 2010

By H. Ohnishi

By K. Ozawa

By K. Itahashi

ちょっとブレイク　ーーー日本の現状ーーー　ちょっとブレイク　ーーー日本の現状ーーー　

新しい加速器２台が極最近稼働して、新しい結果が色々新しい加速器２台が極最近稼働して、新しい結果が色々出てくる前夜のような状況です。出てくる前夜のような状況です。

＊理化学研究所（埼玉）：＊理化学研究所（埼玉）： RIBF RIBF 加速器加速器　　宇宙における元素合成、中性子星の内部状態の研究など　　宇宙における元素合成、中性子星の内部状態の研究など

にに　　繋がる成果　　繋がる成果

＊＊ JPARC JPARC 研究所（茨城）：研究所（茨城）： 30GeV 30GeV 加速器加速器　　質量の起源、クォーク・ハドロンの性質、ストレンジネ　　質量の起源、クォーク・ハドロンの性質、ストレンジネ

スをスを　持つ原子核の研究。　　持つ原子核の研究。　

いろんなテーマで最先端に入る切り口があります。　いろんなテーマで最先端に入る切り口があります。　

How can we observe it ?

Missing Mass SpectroscopyMissing Mass Spectroscopy

emitted particleemitted particle

Incident particleIncident particle

targettargetmesonmeson

-hole-holeprotonproton

(K,N)

* Kaonic Atoms and Kaonic Nuclei- J. Yamagata et al., PTP114 (05)301.(Errata:114(05)905) PRC74(06)014604.

- T. Kishimoto Group

- M. Iwasaki Group

(d,3He)

* -atom- theory (S. Hirenzaki, H. Toki, T. Yamazaki, PRC44(91)2472,…)- experiment (K. Itahashi et al., PRC62(00)025202,…)

(,p)

* -nucleus (Marco, Weise, PLB502(01)59) (M. Kaskulov, H. Nagahiro, S. Hirenzaki, E. Oset ; nucl-th/0610085)(M. Kaskulov, H. Nagahiro, S. Hirenzaki, E. Oset ; nucl-th/0610085)

* -atom (Hirenzaki, Oset, PLB527(02)69)

In-Medium Dispersion RelationMedium Effects look carefully !!

Peaks!!

Missing Mass SpectroscopyMissing Mass Spectroscopy

N

initial finallook carefully !!

In-Medium Dispersion Relation

Zoom In

meson

Medium Effects

Peaks!!

Formation Cross Section by ‘pick-up’ reactions, (d,Formation Cross Section by ‘pick-up’ reactions, (d,33He), (He), (, N), , N), etc.etc.

Effective Number approachEffective Number approach

RecoillessRecoilless Substitutional States formationSubstitutional States formation Various activities, (n,p), (d,Various activities, (n,p), (d,22He); (n,d), (p,He); (n,d), (p,22He); (He); () …) …

Experimental data

Good Reaction :Good Reaction : d + Nucleus d + Nucleus 33He + He + atom atom

Outgoing particle energylower higher

2222

Deeply bound Deeply bound -- states in the states in the 208208Pb(d,3He) reactionPb(d,3He) reaction

PRC62(00)025202PRC62(00)025202

K. Itahashi et al.

2323

PRL88(02)122301PRL88(02)122301Hirenzaki and Toki, PRC55(97)2719Hirenzaki and Toki, PRC55(97)2719

Deeply bound 1s and 2p Pionic States in the Deeply bound 1s and 2p Pionic States in the 206206Pb(d,Pb(d,33He) reactionHe) reaction

Hirenzaki, Toki,

H. Geissel et al,

Pionic 1s states of Sn nucleiPionic 1s states of Sn nuclei

Deepest 1s states in Pb and Sn : observedDeepest 1s states in Pb and Sn : observed

Nice spectra were obtained.Nice spectra were obtained.

Theoretical Potentials are classified Theoretical Potentials are classified as Rank - A, B, C, Das Rank - A, B, C, D H. Geissel et. al.,

PRL88(02)122301

Information on Information on at finite at finite ~ ~ 00, (T~0), (T~0)

Eigen state observation Invariant Mass MethodEigen state observation Invariant Mass Method Quantum number fixed Selective informationQuantum number fixed Selective information

Umemoto et al., PRC62 (2000)

with

Ericson-Ericson, Ann. Phys. 36 (66) 323Seki-Masutani, Phys. Rev. C27(83)2799

b1

T

2727

Deeply Bound Pionic Atom by (d,Deeply Bound Pionic Atom by (d,33He)He)

K. Suzuki et al.Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004) 072302

GOR relation + Tomozawa-Weinberg Relation

There have been active discussionsThere have been active discussions K. Suzuki et al.K. Suzuki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004)072302, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004)072302 observation observation

Kolomeitsev, Kaiser, WeiseKolomeitsev, Kaiser, Weise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(2003)092501, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(2003)092501

in two-loop chiral perturbationin two-loop chiral perturbation Energy dependent of Energy dependent of Gauge coupling of Gauge coupling of VVcc

Phenomenological pieces (BPhenomenological pieces (B22, p-wave terms), p-wave terms) Daisuke Jido, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Teiji Kunihro, Phys.Lett.B670:109-113,2008.Phys.Lett.B670:109-113,2008. ‘In-medium Pion and Partial Restoration of Chiral SymmetryIn-medium Pion and Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry’-------------------- Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Oset, Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Oset, Phys. Lett. B 541(2002)64Phys. Lett. B 541(2002)64

Discussion on n (n>1) ?

M. Doring, E. OsetM. Doring, E. Oset, arXiv:0705.3027 [nucl-th], arXiv:0705.3027 [nucl-th] s-wave pion-nucleus optical potential in chiral unitary models-wave pion-nucleus optical potential in chiral unitary model

E. Friedman and A. GalE. Friedman and A. Gal, Phys. Lett. B578 (2004)85

G. Chanfray, M. Ericson, M. OertelG. Chanfray, M. Ericson, M. Oertel, Phys. Lett. B563(2003)61

Hadron Physics at finite densityHadron Physics at finite density　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Fundamental theory (QCD)Fundamental theory (QCD)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Effective theoryEffective theory　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Hadron property at finite Hadron property at finite 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Infinite SystemInfinite System 　　　　　　　　 Finite Finite

SystemSystem　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mesic Atoms and Mesic NucleiMesic Atoms and Mesic Nuclei

seems to be interesting and possible.seems to be interesting and possible.

However, ……not so simple… However, ……not so simple… 　　　　Many researches !!Many researches !!

さて研究室の状況さて研究室の状況

１、この分野に関しては、世界的な業績を上げています。１、この分野に関しては、世界的な業績を上げています。　（おおげさでも誇張でもありません。）　（おおげさでも誇張でもありません。）

２、研究室の学生は、国際的な業績を普通にあげられます。　（４回生が終わった時点で物理学会発表、M1 でハワイの国際会議発表（旅費は研究室から）等、十分できます。）

３、あんまり今まで勉強が出来なかった人も、これからのやる気で大丈夫！（勉強と研究は違うし、ちゃんと教えるから）

１−３に関しては、次で詳しく

やる気のある人には理想的な研究室なんですよ。。。。

１、この分野に関しては、世界的な業績を上げています。１、この分野に関しては、世界的な業績を上げています。＝＝＝たとえば、あちこちでの講演。。＝＝＝たとえば、あちこちでの講演。。

これで今年の分だけです。 HP 見て下さい。

２、研究室の学生は、国際的な業績を普通にあげられます。　（４回生が終わった時点で物理学会発表、M1 でハワイの国際会議発表（旅費は研究室から）等、十分できます。）ーー例：池野さん

（４回生：卒研テーマで）

（以下 M1 ）

うちでは、これぐらいは、やる気があれば十分出来るのです。。。。研究室から補助貰って海外の国際会議に行ってキャリアアップもいいのでは？

＊国際会議発表（旅費は研究室から）ですが。。。＊国際会議発表（旅費は研究室から）ですが。。。。。。。。。

うちの研究室は予うちの研究室は予算あります。算あります。でも研究室人でも研究室人数少ない。数少ない。

私は外部の人たち私は外部の人たちより奈良女のより奈良女の学生に補助を学生に補助を出して、どん出して、どんどん国内外でどん国内外で活躍してもら活躍してもらいたい！いたい！

２国間共同研究日本代表：比連崎

３、あんまり今まで勉強が出来なかった人も、これからのやる気で大丈夫！（勉強と研究は違うし、ちゃんと教えるから）

もちろん基礎的な勉強も必要ですが、、　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　＝＞次ページの図

勉強と研究：　研究は「教科書に無い新しい発想」。現存するものの理解とは違う。

「ちゃんと教える」人数が少ない方が圧倒的に先生の指導を独占できる（有利！）と思いませんか？私は東京理科大（私学）出身です。一人の先生に多くの学生がついて、緻密な指導が可能かどうかは疑問があります。当時、国立大の「学生 / 教員」の比は、ものすごくうらやましかった。

永廣さんの図

やる気のある人には理想的な研究室なんですよ。。。。また、学生を教える事に、大変意欲を持っています。

それから。。。。。それから。。。。。＊就職希望の人も、もちろん＊就職希望の人も、もちろん welcome! welcome! いままでの研究室出身いままでの研究室出身者のほとんどは就職してます。研究室在籍する間に、一生懸者のほとんどは就職してます。研究室在籍する間に、一生懸命やってくれれば良い。命やってくれれば良い。

＊卒研のテーマも相談に乗ります。（詳しくは＊卒研のテーマも相談に乗ります。（詳しくは HP HP 見て下さい見て下さい。）。）

＊就職担当をしていた時の経験から、企業の担当者は、＊就職担当をしていた時の経験から、企業の担当者は、＝ちゃんと専門（物理）の能力を備えているか＝ちゃんと専門（物理）の能力を備えているか＝卒研をきっちり指導されているか　　等も見ています。　　＝卒研をきっちり指導されているか　　等も見ています。　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　推薦した学生に対して「物理がこんなに出来なくては。。」と推薦した学生に対して「物理がこんなに出来なくては。。」と言われた事もあります。言われた事もあります。

＊物理出身を「うり」にして生きて行くのに、物理を修得するの＊物理出身を「うり」にして生きて行くのに、物理を修得するのは、まぁ必須でしょうね。は、まぁ必須でしょうね。

さて閑話休題さて閑話休題

この後は、先週の国際会議（招待講演）で発表したこの後は、先週の国際会議（招待講演）で発表した最新の話題。最新の話題。

ちょっと難しいかもしれません。ちょっと難しいかもしれません。

3. Recent Topics3. Recent Topics

Structure and Formation of Structure and Formation of Meson Nucleus SystemsMeson Nucleus Systems

S. Hirenzaki (Nara Women’s Univ.)S. Hirenzaki (Nara Women’s Univ.)

International conference BARYONS’10   International conference BARYONS’10   Dec. 7-11, 2010, Osaka, JapanDec. 7-11, 2010, Osaka, Japan

Introduction and MotivationIntroduction and Motivation Mesons in nuclei and main interest (and my collaborators)Mesons in nuclei and main interest (and my collaborators)

Pionic Atom … fpi at finite density (Toki, Yamazaki, Hayano, Itahashi, K. Suzuki,,,)Pionic Atom … fpi at finite density (Toki, Yamazaki, Hayano, Itahashi, K. Suzuki,,,)

K-atom & nuclei K-atom & nuclei … deeply bound nuclear state ? (Yamagata-Sekihara, Jido)… deeply bound nuclear state ? (Yamagata-Sekihara, Jido)

-mesic nuclei … N*(1535) in medium (Nagahiro, Jido,,,) -mesic nuclei … N*(1535) in medium (Nagahiro, Jido,,,)

’’(958)(958)-mesic nuclei … U-mesic nuclei … UAA(1) anomaly in medium (Nagahiro, Takizawa) (1) anomaly in medium (Nagahiro, Takizawa) Φ –mesic nuclei Φ –mesic nuclei … mass shift, OZI rule… mass shift, OZI rule (Yamagata-Sekihara, Cabrera, Vicente-(Yamagata-Sekihara, Cabrera, Vicente-

Vacas) Vacas)

-mesic nuclei-mesic nuclei ... bound state ? mass shift ? (Kaskulov, Nagahiro, Oset) ... bound state ? mass shift ? (Kaskulov, Nagahiro, Oset)

-mesic nuclei … -mesic nuclei … mm ~ 2 ~ 2mm enhancement ? enhancement ? (Nagahiro, Hatsuda, Kunihiro) (Nagahiro, Hatsuda, Kunihiro)

----------------

++ in medium … S=+1 hypernuclei in medium … S=+1 hypernuclei [(K [(K++,,++)] (Nagahiro, Oset, Vicente-Vacas) )] (Nagahiro, Oset, Vicente-Vacas)

4141

Formation of mesic Formation of mesic nucleus nucleus

at JPARC and COSY at JPARC and COSY

4343

Introduction of Introduction of -mesic nuclei-mesic nuclei

Many works for Many works for mesic nuclei from 1980’smesic nuclei from 1980’s

Motivation and our aimMotivation and our aim

» -N system … strongly couples to the -N system … strongly couples to the N*(1535) resonanceN*(1535) resonance-mesic nuculei … doorway to-mesic nuculei … doorway to in-medium N*(1535) in-medium N*(1535)

» N*(1535) N*(1535) … a candidate of the chiral partner of nucleon… a candidate of the chiral partner of nucleonchiral symmetry for baryonschiral symmetry for baryons

Theor. Theor. Liu, Haider, PRC34(1986)1845Liu, Haider, PRC34(1986)1845Kohno, Tanabe, PLB231(1989)219; NPA519(1990)755 Kohno, Tanabe, PLB231(1989)219; NPA519(1990)755 Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Inoue, Oset PLB550(02)47Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Inoue, Oset PLB550(02)47C. Wilkin, T. Ueda, S. Wycech, ……C. Wilkin, T. Ueda, S. Wycech, ……

Exp.Exp. Chrien Chrien et al.et al., PRL60(1988)2595, PRL60(1988)2595TAPS@MAMI (TAPS@MAMI ( + + 33He He 00 + p + X) + p + X)COSY-GEM (p + Al COSY-GEM (p + Al 33He + MgHe + Mg--))WASA-at-COSY (d + d WASA-at-COSY (d + d 33He + p + He + p + JPARC, JPARC, …………

With H. Nagahiro, D. Jido

4444

Chiral doublet modelChiral doublet modelDeTar, Kunihiro, PRD39 (89)2805

Jido, Oka, Hosaka, Nemoto, PTP106(01)873Jido, Hatsuda, Kunirhiro, NPA671(00)471

LagrangianLagrangian

Physical fieldsPhysical fields

N* : chiral partner of nucleonN* : chiral partner of nucleon

Mass differenceMass difference

* * reductionreduction of mass difference of mass difference

* C~0.2 :the strength of the Chiral restorationat the nuclear saturation density

Chiral unitary modelChiral unitary modelKaiser, Siegel, Weise, PLB362(95)23

Waas, Weise, NPA625(97)287Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Inoue, Oset, PLB550(02)47

Inoue, Oset, NPA710(02) 354

A coupled channel Bethe-Salpeter eq.

* No mass shift* No mass shift of N* is expected of N* is expectedin the nuclear medium.in the nuclear medium.

* In this study, we directly take the eta-self-energy in the ref.NPA710(02)354

* the N* is introduced as a resonancea resonancegenerated dynamicallygenerated dynamically from meson-baryon scattering.

Chiral model for N and N*Chiral model for N and N*

4545

-nucleus interaction -nucleus interaction : potential descriptions: potential descriptions self-energyself-energy

optical potentialoptical potential

potential nature at potential nature at threshold threshold

attractiveattractivemedium effectmedium effect

repulsiverepulsive

energy

/0

m

mN*-mN

mN* -m

N

00 11 22 33 44 55 66r [fm]r [fm]

00

2020

4040

6060

-20-20

-40-40

-60-60

-80-80

Re

[VR

e [V

opt

opt]

[MeV

]] [

MeV

]

t-t- approximation (CDM : C=0.0) approximation (CDM : C=0.0)

Chiral doublet modelChiral doublet modelC=0.2C=0.2

Chiral Unitary modelChiral Unitary model(Inoue, Oset, NPA710(02)354)(Inoue, Oset, NPA710(02)354)

repulsive corerepulsive core

attractive pocketattractive pocket

+ (crossed term) + (crossed term)

•D.Jido, H.Nagahiro and S.Hirenzaki, PRC66(02)045202D.Jido, H.Nagahiro and S.Hirenzaki, PRC66(02)045202

4646

Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1

Li

C

O

Al

Chrien et al., PRL60(1988)2595Chrien et al., PRL60(1988)2595 pp = 800 MeV/c : proton angle : = 800 MeV/c : proton angle : 15 deg. (Lab.)15 deg. (Lab.) search for predicted narrow bound state search for predicted narrow bound state

by Liu, Haider, PRC34(86)1845 by Liu, Haider, PRC34(86)1845 negative results (bound state peak was not observed)negative results (bound state peak was not observed)

chiral unitarychiral unitarychiral doubletchiral doublet8080

4040

00

EEexex – E – E00 [MeV] [MeV]00 5050 100100-50-50-100-100

EEexex – E – E00 [MeV] [MeV]00 5050 100100-50-50-100-100

3030

2020

1010

00

0 deg.0 deg. 0 deg.0 deg.

15 deg.15 deg. 15 deg.15 deg.

100

200

300

400

500

0

[MeV

]

0.8 1 1.2 1.40.60.4p [GeV/c]

momentum transfermomentum transfer

0 deg.

15 deg.

((++,p) spectra : experiment at Brookhaven,p) spectra : experiment at Brookhaven

Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1

Li

C

O

Al

4747

Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1Chrien at al., PRL60(88)2595, Fig.1

Li

C

O

Al

Chrien et al., PRL60(1988)2595Chrien et al., PRL60(1988)2595 pp = 800 MeV/c : proton angle : = 800 MeV/c : proton angle : 15 deg. (Lab.)15 deg. (Lab.) search for predicted narrow bound state search for predicted narrow bound state

by Liu, Haider, PRC34(86)1845 by Liu, Haider, PRC34(86)1845 negative results (bound state peak was not observed)negative results (bound state peak was not observed)

100

200

300

400

500

0

[MeV

/c]

0.8 1 1.2 1.40.60.4p [GeV/c]

momentum transfermomentum transfer

0 deg.

15 deg.

((++,p) spectra : experiment at Brookhaven,p) spectra : experiment at Brookhaven

3030

00

1010

2020

00-50-50-100-100 5050 100100 150150EEex ex – E– E00 [MeV] [MeV]

• wider energy range wider energy range • proton angle = 0 degreeproton angle = 0 degree• S/N ~ 1/10 S/N ~ 1/10 need background reduction need background reduction

doubletdoublet

unitaryunitary

15 deg.15 deg.

H.Nagahiro, D.Jido, S.Hirenzaki, PRH.Nagahiro, D.Jido, S.Hirenzaki, PRC80C80(09)025205(09)025205

4848

A Simple Theoretical Model forA Simple Theoretical Model for

• Momentum transferMomentum transferppdd = 1.025 GeV/c, p = 1.025 GeV/c, p = p = p= 0 at threshold in C.M.= 0 at threshold in C.M.

• Data of Data of d dd d 44He He

• Simple spectral structure for light systemsSimple spectral structure for light systems

• System consists ofSystem consists of

2 Nucleon + 2 Nucleon 2 Nucleon + 2 Nucleon 4 Nucleon + 1 meson 4 Nucleon + 1 meson

Some remarksSome remarks

(COSY Proposal)(COSY Proposal)(P.Moskal, arXiv:nucl-ex/09093979)(P.Moskal, arXiv:nucl-ex/09093979)

4949

Some remarksSome remarks

• Transition (Transition (-production) part-production) part

High High qq transfer at each propagator transfer at each propagator

Parameterize this part. Fix by Parameterize this part. Fix by production data production data

A Simple Theoretical Model forA Simple Theoretical Model for

5050

dd

dd

Green function methodGreen function method

totaltotal

conversionconversion

escapeescape

thresholdthreshold EEtottot

thresholdthreshold EEtottot

dddd44HeHe) data) data

Schematic pictureSchematic picture

with with -- optical potential optical potential

A Simple Theoretical Model forA Simple Theoretical Model for

5151

Numerical ResultsNumerical Results

Arb

itrar

y un

itA

rbitr

ary

unit

00

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

00 1010 151555−−55−−1010−−1515−−2020EE− m− m[MeV][MeV]

tot tot [nb][nb]

0055

1010151520202525

(V(V00,W,W00) = () = (−100, −100, −10) MeV−10) MeVpp00 = 500 MeV/c = 500 MeV/c

5252

Numerical ResultsNumerical Results

tot tot [nb][nb]

0055

2525

15152020

Arb

itrar

y un

itA

rbitr

ary

unit

00

22

33

44

55

66

1010

(V(V00,W,W00) = () = (−100, −100, −20) MeV−20) MeVpp00 = 500 MeV/c = 500 MeV/c

00 1010 151555−−55−−1010−−1515−−2020EE− m− m[MeV][MeV]

~~~~ ~~~~

’ ’(958) –mesic nucleus(958) –mesic nucleus

5454

’’(958) mesic nuclei formation (958) mesic nuclei formation ’’(958) meson … close connection to the U(958) meson … close connection to the UAA(1) anomaly(1) anomaly

many theoretical worksmany theoretical worksin vacuum / at finite temperature / in vacuum / at finite temperature / at finite densityat finite density

R. D. Pisarski, R. Wilczek, PRD29(84)338R. D. Pisarski, R. Wilczek, PRD29(84)338 T. Kunihiro, T. Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385 / T. Kunihiro, PLB219(89)363T. Kunihiro, T. Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385 / T. Kunihiro, PLB219(89)363 V. Bernard, R.L.Jaffe and U.-G.Meissner, NPB308(1988)753V. Bernard, R.L.Jaffe and U.-G.Meissner, NPB308(1988)753 Y. Kohyama, K.Kubodera and M.Takizawa, PLB208(1988)165Y. Kohyama, K.Kubodera and M.Takizawa, PLB208(1988)165 K. Fukushima, K.Onishi, K.Ohta, PRC63(01)045203K. Fukushima, K.Onishi, K.Ohta, PRC63(01)045203 P. Costa P. Costa et al.et al.,PLB560(03)171, PRC70(04)025204, etc …,PLB560(03)171, PRC70(04)025204, etc …

poor experimentalpoor experimental information information at finite densityat finite density

UUAA(1) anomaly in medium(1) anomaly in medium from the viewpoint of from the viewpoint of “mesic nuclei”“mesic nuclei” the the ’’ properties, especially properties, especially mass shiftmass shift, at finite density, at finite density

Nambu-Jona-Lasinio modelNambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the with the KMT interaction KMT interaction

explicit breaking the Uexplicit breaking the UAA(1) sym.(1) sym.Kobayashi, Maskawa Prog.Theor.Phys.44, 1422 (70), G. ’t Hooft, Phys.Rev.D14,3432 (76)Kobayashi, Maskawa Prog.Theor.Phys.44, 1422 (70), G. ’t Hooft, Phys.Rev.D14,3432 (76)

Kunihiro, Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385Kunihiro, Hatsuda, PLB206(88)385

Anomaly effect in vacuumAnomaly effect in vacuum

H.Nagahiro.H.Nagahiro., S. H, PRL94(05)232503, S. H, PRL94(05)232503H. NagahiroH. Nagahiro, M. Takizawa and S. H, PRC74(06)045203, M. Takizawa and S. H, PRC74(06)045203

5555

’ ’ mass shift in medium mass shift in medium we consider the SU(2) sym. matter as the sym. nuclear matter.we consider the SU(2) sym. matter as the sym. nuclear matter.

’’

mm’’ ~ ~ -150-150 MeV @ MeV @ 00

mm ~ ~ +20+20 MeV @ MeV @ 00

and and ’’ mass shifts @ mass shifts @ 00

P. Rehberg, et al., PRC53(96)410.P. Rehberg, et al., PRC53(96)410. parameters (in vacuum)parameters (in vacuum)

= 602.3 = 602.3 [MeV][MeV]

ggS S 22 = 3.67 = 3.67ggDD55 = -12.36 = -12.36mmu,du,d = 5.5 = 5.5 [MeV][MeV]

mmss = 140.7 = 140.7 [MeV][MeV]

MMu,du,d = 367.6 = 367.6 [MeV][MeV]

MMss = 549.5 = 549.5 [MeV][MeV]

〈〈 uuuu〉〉 1/3 1/3 = -241.9 = -241.9 [MeV][MeV]

〈〈 ssss〉〉 1/31/3 = -257.7 = -257.7 [MeV][MeV]

mm’’ = 958 = 958 [MeV][MeV]

mm = 514 = 514 [MeV][MeV]

mm = 135 = 135 [MeV][MeV]

We can see the large medium effect evenWe can see the large medium effect even at normal nuclear densityat normal nuclear density..

anomaly term anomaly term effecteffect

P. Costa et al.,PLB560(03)171, PRC70(04)025204, etc …P. Costa et al.,PLB560(03)171, PRC70(04)025204, etc …

800800

200200

00

10001000

600600

400400

mes

on m

ass

[MeV

]m

eson

mas

s [M

eV]

flat

flat

steep

5656

’’(958) mesic nuclei by ((958) mesic nuclei by (,N) reaction,N) reaction Potential descriptionPotential description

momentum transfermomentum transfer

00

100100

200200

300300

400400

500500

Mom

entu

m tr

ansf

er q

[MeV

/c]

Mom

entu

m tr

ansf

er q

[MeV

/c]

11 22 33 44pp [GeV/c] [GeV/c]

mm’’

mm’’ – 50 MeV– 50 MeV

mm’’ – 100 MeV– 100 MeV

elementary cross section elementary cross section + + n n ’’pp

((++nn’’p) ~ 100 p) ~ 100 bb

R.K.Rader R.K.Rader et al.et al., PRD6(72)3059, PRD6(72)3059

Real Part VReal Part V00 … evaluated by possible … evaluated by possible ’’ mass shift at mass shift at 00

Imaginary part WImaginary part W00 … … unknown unknown 20 MeV, 20 MeV, for examplefor example

5757

’’-mesic nuclei formation spectra : -mesic nuclei formation spectra : 1212C target C target : (: (++,p) reaction ,p) reaction

00

2.52.5

2.02.0

1.51.5

1.01.0

0.50.5

VV00 = −(0, 20i) MeV = −(0, 20i) MeV VV00 = = −−(150, 20i) MeV(150, 20i) MeV

with no mass reductionwith no mass reduction with 150 MeV reduction @ with 150 MeV reduction @ 00

• pp = 1.8 GeV/c = 1.8 GeV/c

• proton angle = 0 deg.proton angle = 0 deg.

00-50-50-100-100-150-150 5050 00-50-50-100-100-150-150 5050 100100

EEexex – E – E00 MeV MeV EEexex – E – E00 MeV MeV

casecase

By H. Nagahiro

Suppose we have nice data (spectra) ….Suppose we have nice data (spectra) ….1, Mass reduction will be equivalent to attractive V in Eq. of Motion..1, Mass reduction will be equivalent to attractive V in Eq. of Motion..

2, But “ Attractive 2, But “ Attractive Mass reduction ’’ is wrong. Ex.) Coulomb case. Mass reduction ’’ is wrong. Ex.) Coulomb case. Origin of the attraction is important. Origin of the attraction is important.

3, Both NJL and Optical potential are approximations, 3, Both NJL and Optical potential are approximations, describing a (different) part of truth. Then, if the one of them is describing a (different) part of truth. Then, if the one of them is dominant, the interpretation of data could be relatively easier. dominant, the interpretation of data could be relatively easier. 　　

4, η(958)-proton scattering length 4, η(958)-proton scattering length 〜〜 0.1fm =>V(0) ~ 10MeV Weak!0.1fm =>V(0) ~ 10MeV Weak! P. Moskal et al., Phys. Lett. B 482, 356 (2000) [arXiv:nucl-ex/0004006].P. Moskal et al., Phys. Lett. B 482, 356 (2000) [arXiv:nucl-ex/0004006]. And Oset-Ramos theoretical results, Nanova talk this morning..And Oset-Ramos theoretical results, Nanova talk this morning..

5, η(958) seems interesting.5, η(958) seems interesting.With Jido, Nagahiro

5959

’’-mesic nuclei formation spectra : -mesic nuclei formation spectra : 1212C target C target : (: (++,p) reaction ,p) reaction

00

2.52.5

2.02.0

1.51.5

1.01.0

0.50.5

VV00 = −(0, 20i) MeV = −(0, 20i) MeV VV00 = = −−(150, 20i) MeV(150, 20i) MeV

with no mass reductionwith no mass reduction with 150 MeV reduction @ with 150 MeV reduction @ 00

• pp = 1.8 GeV/c = 1.8 GeV/c

• proton angle = 0 deg.proton angle = 0 deg.

00-50-50-100-100-150-150 5050 00-50-50-100-100-150-150 5050 100100

EEexex – E – E00 MeV MeV EEexex – E – E00 MeV MeV

casecase By H. Nagahiro

Pionic atoms at Pionic atoms at RIBFRIBF

Deeply Bound Pionic Atom by (d,Deeply Bound Pionic Atom by (d,33He) – He) – Data at GSIData at GSI

K. Suzuki K. Suzuki et al.et al.Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004) 072302Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004) 072302

GOR relation + Tomozawa-Weinberg RelationGOR relation + Tomozawa-Weinberg Relation

Density Probed by pion – Too much stable…..T. Yamazaki, S. Hirenzaki

PLB557(03)20

Peak positions of the overlapping density are almost same for all states.

The effective nuclear density e is almost same, e~for all states.

e

-

density

Overlapping density

Nuclear density

Overlapping

Rovpeak

ππ atom at RIBF atom at RIBF 　　

Exp. plan by Ito, Itahashi (RIBF-027)Exp. plan by Ito, Itahashi (RIBF-027) 2 ~ 3 times better energy resolution 2 ~ 3 times better energy resolution 1s and 2s observation 1s and 2s observation better determination of better determination of -A interactions-A interactions Various ρ probe ? Various ρ probe ?

In future, pionic atom in unstable nucleiIn future, pionic atom in unstable nuclei - Hirenzaki, Kajino, Kubo, Toki, Tanihata, PLB(87)- Hirenzaki, Kajino, Kubo, Toki, Tanihata, PLB(87)

- Umemoto, Hirenzaki, Kume, Toki, Tanihata, NPA(01)- Umemoto, Hirenzaki, Kume, Toki, Tanihata, NPA(01)

- Fujita, Hirenzaki, Kume, PRC(03)- Fujita, Hirenzaki, Kume, PRC(03)

- Kienle, Yamazaki, Toki, ‘ Inverse kinematics idea’ 91~92- Kienle, Yamazaki, Toki, ‘ Inverse kinematics idea’ 91~92

EXPERIENCEEXPERIENCE at GSI at GSI FWHM394kevFWHM394kev 　　THEORYFWHM394kev 　

THEORYFWHM150kev ！

２ｓ２ｓ peakpeakwill be will be seen.seen.

By R. Kimura, N. IkenoBy R. Kimura, N. Ikeno

5. Summary5. SummaryMesic Atoms and Mesic NucleiMesic Atoms and Mesic Nuclei

Nucleus as Finite Density LaboratoryNucleus as Finite Density Laboratory Exotic Nuclei with Meson impuritiesExotic Nuclei with Meson impurities

We are interested in …We are interested in …

= how to connect to the fundamental theory= how to connect to the fundamental theory = how to get reliable experimental information= how to get reliable experimental information

η (958) -Nucleus System η (958) -Nucleus System η-Nucleus System at JPARC and COSY η-Nucleus System at JPARC and COSY π-Atom at RIBFπ-Atom at RIBFStudy of meson-nucleus bound states is interesting !!Study of meson-nucleus bound states is interesting !!＊いつでも研究室に話しを聞きに来て下さい。＊いつでも研究室に話しを聞きに来て下さい。一緒に国際的な場に出られる仕事をしませんか？比連崎、永廣一緒に国際的な場に出られる仕事をしませんか？比連崎、永廣（あと、研究で充実しているときの宴会（学会打ち上げとか）は楽し（あと、研究で充実しているときの宴会（学会打ち上げとか）は楽し

いものですよ（笑））いものですよ（笑））