Unit 6: World War I

Bolshevik (communist) revolution in Russia, Oct (Nov) 1917

Lenin signs treaty with Germany March 1918

Germany can now focus attention on Western Front

First American troops arrive France April 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918 “The eleventh hour of the eleventh day

of the eleventh month” Now Veterans Day in US, Remembrance

Day or Armistice in Europe, Canada, elsewhere

Nation Mobilized Casualties % Russia 12,000,000 9,150,000 76.3 France 8,410,000 6,160,000 73.3 British Commonwealth 8,904,467 3,190,000 35.8 Italy 5,615,000 2,197,000 39.1 Germany 11,000,000 7,142,558 64.9 Romania 750,000 535,706 71.4 Serbia 707,343 331,106 46.8 Austria 7,800,000 7,020,000 90.0 Turkey 2,850,000 975,000 34.2 Bulgaria 1,200,000 266,919 22.2 Japan 800,00 1,210 .2 United States 4,350,000 360,000 8

• 60 million men mobilized• 8.5 million killed in combat (1/7)

• average: 5432 killed per day• Names would fit on a wall 13.64 miles long

• 22 million wounded (1/3)• 7 million permanently disabled

• 5 million reported missing• 12.6 million civilians dead

• Civilian deaths exceeded military casualties

$400,000,000,000 (estimate by Carnegie endowment for peace, 1920) 1565 days $255,591,055/day

$10,649,627.30/hr $177,493.79/min

Compare with cost of Iraq War today

US, Britain, France, Italy dominated Guiding principle (Wilson): “peace

without victory” Guiding principle (Allies): revenge Germany, Russia not invited League of Nations: Collective security

Article 231: German people wholly to blame for war

Germany must pay reparations Germany not allowed to keep large

army Germany loses all colonies, conquered

territories